Lisa Gerrard (born 12 April 1961) is an Australian musician, singer, and composer who rose to prominence as part of the music group Dead Can Dance with former music partner Brendan Perry.

Since her career began in 1981, she has been involved in a wide range of projects. Gerrard received a Golden Globe Award for the music score to the film ''Gladiator'', on which she collaborated with Hans Zimmer. In addition to singing, she is an instrumentalist for much of her work, most prolifically using the yangqin (a Chinese hammered dulcimer).

Early life

Gerrard's first foray into forming bands and creative music-making was the highly experimental Little Band scene. It was at one of these little band events that she first met Dead Can Dance cofounder Brendan Perry. Perry recalls, "It never occurred to me that we would one day collaborate musically together because at the time I thought her music was too avant garde. I particularly remember one song that she sang about finding a man in the park and asking her mother if she could bring him home to keep in her wardrobe as she attacked this chinese dulcimer with two bamboo sticks."

Career

Dead Can Dance

Solo and collaborative career

In 1995 Gerrard recorded and released her first solo album ''The Mirror Pool''. After the release of this album, she continued to work with Dead Can Dance, releasing their final album, ''Spiritchaser'', in 1996. Following this, in 1998 she recorded ''Duality'' in collaboration with Pieter Bourke. This album would mark the beginning of an extensive collaboration together for a number of film scores, including ''The Insider'' and ''Ali''. Gerrard began a new collaboration with Patrick Cassidy in 2004 with the release of ''Immortal Memory''. Again, this collaboration was furthered in film work, including ''Salem's Lot''.

The following year in 2005, Gerrard contributed to the ''Ashes and Snow Soundtrack.'' For the songs "Womb" and "Wisdom," Gerrard and Patrick Cassidy wrote and performed together. Gerrard's collaboration with Cassidy extended to include work with conductor Julie Rogers on the songs "Devota" and "Vespers."

In 2006, ''Sanctuary'', a documentary about the life and work of Lisa Gerrard, was recorded and released in September 2006. It is the work of multi-skilled producer/director Clive Collier and features extensive interviews with Lisa Gerrard and various people who have collaborated and worked with her in the past including Michael Mann, Russell Crowe, Hans Zimmer, and Niki Caro. The documentary was released on DVD by Milan Entertainment on 24 April 2007.

In the same year, Lisa Gerrard released her second solo album ''The Silver Tree''. This album was markedly different from her previous work and was also her first album released outside of 4AD Records. The album was first released on iTunes, with a wider physical release planned at a future date. The album was nominated for the Australian Music Prize for 2006. It is currently shortlisted as one out of nine of the best Australian albums. In 2007 a retrospective album ''The Best of Lisa Gerrard'', a compilation of fifteen songs, was released covering her career in Dead Can Dance, solo work, and film work.

A world tour was undertaken in 2007 beginning in April in Melbourne, Australia. This tour marked the first time Lisa Gerrard had toured in Australia, with a performance in three cities. The tour was followed by performances in Europe and North America. More performances took place in Europe and Russia from 30 October to 22 November 2007. In November 2007, Lisa Gerrard collaborated with German electronic musician Klaus Schulze on the double-album ''Farscape''. The album was released 27 July 2008 and was followed by a European tour.

In 2009 Lisa Gerrard completed work on the documentary by Australian adventurer Tim Cope called On the Trail of Genghis Khan and contributed her voice to the soundtrack, which began airing in 2010, of the Japanese NHK taiga drama ''Ryōmaden'', a story based on the life of Sakamoto Ryoma. Also in 2009, Lisa Gerrard created her own record label, Gerrard Records, which, aside from being a conduit for the release of Gerrard's future works will also act to promote and support unrecognised artists of all genres. In September 2009, Gerrard and Klaus Schulze performed another tour in six European cities - Warsaw, Berlin, Amsterdam, Essen, Paris, and Brussels. This tour coincided with the release of ''Come Quietly'', a joint project between Gerrard and Schulze that was released during the tour.

Lisa Gerrard released her third solo album, ''The Black Opal'' in October 2009. The album included collaboration with Michael Edwards, Patrick Cassidy, Pieter Bourke, and James Orr and was the first release to come from Gerrard Records.

In 2010 Gerrard released a new album with fellow composer Marcello De Francisci titled "Departum" from Gerrard Records which was followed by the release of three new singles; "Coming Home" - as featured in ''Legend of the Guardians: The Owls of Ga'Hoole'', "Entry" and "Come This Way".

Gerrard also collaborated with Prash Mistry from "Engine Earz Experiment" on a track titled "Spirit Guide" which will appear on his upcoming album in 2011.

On 1 December 2010 Gerrard capped off a busy 2010 with the release of a new soundtrack album with Cye Wood titled "The Trail of Genghis Khan" which contains music from the Gerrard/Wood score to the documentary TV series by Australian adventurer Tim Cope.

Vocal style

Lisa Gerrard has a contralto vocal range. Her vocals have been variously described as rich, jaw-dropping, deep, dark, mournful and unique. Her vocals spans into the dramatic mezzo-soprano range on ''The Host of Seraphim'', ''Elegy'', ''Space Weaver'' and ''Come This Way''. Gerrard performs in the dramatic contralto range on the other songs, ''Sanvean'', ''Sacrifice'', ''Largo'' and ''Not Yet'',

Gerrard sings many of her songs, such as ''Now We Are Free'', ''Come Tenderness'', ''Serenity'', ''The Valley of the Moon'', ''Tempest'', ''Pilgrimage of Lost Children'', ''Coming Home'' and ''Sanvean'' in an idioglossia (an idiosyncratic language) that she has developed since the age of twelve.

Film career

Lisa Gerrard's first experience in composing music for a film came with the 1989 Spanish film ''El Niño de la Luna'', directed by Agustín Villaronga. The film score was composed by Dead Can Dance and the film featured Lisa Gerrard in her first acting role. ''El Niño de la Luna'' describes the story of David, a young orphan with special powers, escaping an institution with the help of a fellow institute inmate, Georgina, played by Lisa Gerrard.

Gerrard participated in a number of musical scores but came to fame as a film composer after recording ''The Insider'' in 1999, with Pieter Bourke, and ''Gladiator'' in 2000, with Hans Zimmer, which received an Academy Award nomination for best music score, although only Zimmer was nominated. It did, however, win a Golden Globe Award for both composers. Gerrard's score for the New Zealand independent film ''Whale Rider'' consisted entirely of solo material; a soundtrack album was released by 4AD.

In 2005 Gerrard collaborated with Ennio Morricone for ''Fateless'' followed by a collaboration with Jeff Rona on the score for the feature film "A Thousand Roads" and the song ''On an Ocean'' for the ''Henry Poole Is Here'' score. Gerrard along with Dead Can Dance also provided several contributions to the soundtrack of ''Baraka'', a visual journey showcasing mankind's impact on our planet. Gerrard was also invited by Denez Prigent to collaborate with him on his piece "Gortoz a ran - J'attends" (meaning "I await"), a piece that was later used in the soundtrack of Ridley Scott's film ''Black Hawk Down''.

In 2009 Lisa Gerrard wrote the score for ''Balibo'', for which she won a Best Feature Film Score award at the ''2009 APRA Screen Music Awards'' and an Aria Award for Best Original Soundtrack/Cast/Show Album at the ''2009 Aria Awards''. Gerrard finished 2009 by contributing her voice to the theme song for the Japanese NHK taiga drama ''Ryōmaden'', which began airing in 2010.

In 2010 Gerrard completed the score for "Tears of Gaza" with Marcello De Francisci which was well received despite its controversial theme. Gerrard also scored the Jim Loach directed ''Oranges and Sunshine'' starring Emily Watson and Hugo Weaving released in April 2011.

In November 2010 Gerrard provided vocals and additional music for the post-apocalyptic sci-fi thriller ''Priest'' scored by Christopher Young which was released in 2011.

Personal life

Discography

Dead Can Dance

Career after Dead Can Dance

Movie score composing/contribution

Sources

External links

Category:1961 births Category:Living people Category:4AD artists Category:Australian female singers Category:Contraltos Category:Female film score composers Category:Australian film score composers Category:Australian composers Category:Australian women composers Category:Women composers Category:Musicians from Melbourne Category:Mission: Impossible music Category:Australian people of Irish descent

Discography

Citations

References

External links

Category:Australian drummers Category:Australian composers Category:Living people Category:Year of birth missing (living people) Category:Melbourne techno Category:Australian audio engineers

Harry Gregson-Williams (born 13 December 1961) is a prolific British composer, orchestrator, conductor, and music producer. He is best known for his film scores, of which he has composed over sixty using electronic music and orchestral pieces. He is also known for his collaborations with director Tony Scott, having scored all his films since the 1998 film ''Enemy of the State'' and for composing the music of the ''Metal Gear'' games saga. Gregson-Williams is one of the most recognized film score composers and a highly-respected film score composer for his musical style, combining electronic music with orchestral and classic music elements.

Life and career

He later taught music at the Guildhall School of Music & Drama, where he had been a pupil, and also for a short period in Egypt and other African states.

In addition to scoring a number of motion pictures including ''Kingdom of Heaven'', ''The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe'', ''Sinbad: Legend of the Seven Seas'', ''The Rock'', ''Shrek'', ''Chicken Run'', ''Antz'', ''Spy Game'', ''Man on Fire'', ''Domino'', and ''Team America: World Police'', Gregson-Williams has also worked on the video games ''Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty'', ''Metal Gear Solid 3: Snake Eater'', ''Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots'', and ''Call Of Duty 4: Modern Warfare''. His arrangement of the original Metal Gear Solid Main Theme was one of many works he created for the Metal Gear Solid productions that involved both orchestral and electronic textures.

In his score to the Ridley Scott film ''Kingdom of Heaven'', he introduced a mix of Medieval and Renaissance polyphony with Middle Eastern themes. One track, ''Ibelin'', was reprised as the closing credits theme with singer Natacha Atlas performing Arabic lyrics.

Gregson-Williams scored ''The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe'', as well as the second instalment in the series, ''The Chronicles of Narnia: Prince Caspian''. (David Arnold is under contract for ''The Voyage of the Dawn Treader''.) Gregson-Williams also composed the soundtrack for the latest film in the X-Men film series, ''X-Men Origins: Wolverine''.

Gregson-Williams has also worked with the electronic music group Hybrid. In 2004, he produced a track called The Drop (''Man On Fire'' Edit) for Hybrid Present Y4K. He and Kirsty Hawkshaw worked with Hybrid on their 2006 album, I Choose Noise.

Gregson-Williams was a member of Hans Zimmer's ''Remote Control Productions'' (formerly known as ''Media Ventures'') along with John Powell, Lisa Gerrard, Trevor Rabin, Geoff Zanelli, Klaus Badelt, and Mark Mancina. During his first years in Media Ventures, he was mentored by Hans Zimmer and Nick Glennie-Smith with whom he is close. He is also good friends with fellow film composers and musicians Martin Tillman, Heitor Pereira, Klaus Badelt, John Powell (with whom he collaborated to compose the scores to ''Antz'', ''Chicken Run'', and ''Shrek''), along with his musical assistants David Buckley, Stephen Barton, Welsh band Hybrid and producers and film directors Andrew Adamson and Tony Scott. He was a favourite of Hans Zimmer and considered as the most talented and prominent apprentice during his time in Media Ventures. Thanks to Zimmer's teachings and his own great creative ideas, Gregson-Williams began a close collaboration with Zimmer by making additional music and giving ideas for his music along of conducting many of his scores. Zimmer was so satisfied with the results that he decided to put Gregson-Williams in charge as conductor of both the orchestra and choir for many projects and became his protégé. Thanks to the experiences he shared with Zimmer, Gregson-Williams began mentoring several musicians such as Steve Jablonsky, Stephen Barton, David Buckley and Marc Streitenfeld among others. He is also the first Media Ventures composer working in the video games industry and he stated that it was very different compared to his work but interesting and fun at same time. Now as an independent contractor he has his own studio called ''Wavecrest Music'' where he teaches and works with colleague musicians and music mixers such as:

His most recent project was in the 2010 film ''The Town'', directed by Ben Affleck which received widespread acclaim and extraordinary reviews for both story and original score. It was recently confirmed that Gregson-Williams will be composing the score of the upcoming film ''Cowboys & Aliens'' directed by Jon Favreau and starring Daniel Craig, Olivia Wilde, Ana de la Reguera and Harrison Ford. It was also announced that Gregson-Williams will be in charge of composing the score for the upcoming film ''The Night Stalker'', a film version of author ''Philip Carlo'''s book about the 1980s serial killer Richard Ramirez. James Franco will star and direct the film. The film's date for release is 2012.

Filmography

Composer

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

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2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

Video games

2002

2004

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2007

2008

2010

Awards and nominations

Awards

Nominations

References

External links

Category:1961 births Category:Alumni of the Guildhall School of Music and Drama Category:British film score composers Category:English film score composers Category:Living people Category:Shrek music Category:Video game composers

Denez Prigent (; born 17 February 1966 in Santec, Finistère) is a French (Breton) folk singer-songwriter of the ''gwerz'' and ''kan ha diskan'' styles of Breton music. From his debut at the age of 16 he was known for singing traditional songs ''a cappella'', and has moved on to singing his own songs with techno music accompaniments. He has performed in France as well as internationally, and has recorded four studio albums and a live album.

Biography

Childhood and early career

At age 14, Prigent was taught kan ha diskan by Alain Leclère, himself a former student of Manuel Kerjean, whose other students include Erik Marchand. Two years later, in 1982, he sang with Alain Leclère in festoù-noz. In the Kan ar Bobl, he won the first prize in kan ha diskan in 1987, the first prize in new singing in 1988 and the first prize in traditional singing in 1990.

In 1988, driven by his passion for the Breton language, he became a Breton teacher in Carhaix, during which he was regularly invited in traditional music festivals such as the '''' (Nightfalls) and the Festival Interceltique de Lorient. In 1991, the city of Rennes invited him to participate in the "Voice of Asia" festival due to take place in its newly twinned city of Alma Ata, Kazakhstan. Surprised by this invitation, Prigent wrote a satirical song, "Son Alma Ata" (later included on ''Sarac'h'') about the incongruity for a Breton singer to be sent to perform in Kazakhstan. This first concert abroad gave him an opportunity to discover the Kazakh people, then integrated into the Soviet Union, and compare its situation to that of the Breton people, integrated into France. In 1991, Prigent resigned from his teaching position in order to pursue his artistic career. While collecting the lyrics of traditional songs, he met Eugénie Ebrel née Goadec, one of the three Goadec sisters who revived Breton a cappella singing in the 1960s. She provided him with the lyrics of "Ti Eliz Iza", and her daughter, Annie Ebrel, decided to join him on stage.

In 1992, Prigent sang a cappella during the Transmusicales, in front of an audience unused to this style. He subsequently left the band Daouarn with which he had sung in festoù-noz. He performed in the Montreux Jazz Festival, the Francofolies, the Midem, the Printemps de Bourges, the Coup de Cœur francophone in Quebec, the Mitte Europa festival, the ''Celtic Connection'' festival in Scotland, Expo '98 in Lisbonne, and the Eisteddfod festival in Wales.

''Ar gouriz koar'' (1993)

When Prigent failed to receive compensation from Auvidis/Silex for sales of the album, he sued the label and signed with Barclay Records for his subsequent releases. Further sales of ''Ar gouriz koar'' were blocked but Auvidis kept the original records, and in 1996 Prigent released a new recording of ''Ar gouriz koar'' with Barclay. For this and all subsequent recordings, Prigent uses the Peurunvan unified Breton orthography.

Introduction to electronic music and ''Me 'zalc'h ennon ur fulenn aour'' (1993–1999)

At his wife's request, Prigent attended the first rave party held in Rennes, in 1993, in spite of his negative prejudice. There, he discovered a music that, like Breton music, is primarily meant to support dancing. Noticing that electronic music and Breton music are based on similar rhythms and notes closed to one another, he contemplated using it to accompany his songs.

In 1995, Prigent appeared in ''Dao Dezi''. The goal of this project of Éric Mouquet, a member of Deep Forest, and Guilain Joncheray is to treat Breton music in the same way that Deep Forest treated African music, with traditional lyrics and electronic accompaniments. Michel Sanchez, the other member of Deep Forest, also worked on the album, recorded and mixed by Erwin Autrique. Breton singers Arnaud Maisonneuve and Manu Lann Huel also appear on the album, as well as Tri Yann. It is Prigent's first experience combining Breton lyrics and electronic music.

Prigent released his second album, ''Me 'zalc'h ennon ur fulenn aour'' (I keep in myself a golden spark), in 1997. He wrote all the lyrics, with the exception of the traditional song ''Ar rannoù'' that appears in the Barzaz Breiz, and most of the musics, using both traditional instruments and electronic sounds. The subjects of the lyrics are the classical topics of gwerz : injustice, disease, death. ''E trouz ar gêr'', about the artificial aspects of living in a city, and ''An hentoù adkavet'', about the revival of the Tro Breizh, are his first songs devoted to Brittany, its culture and its relation to nature.

To select electronic samples, Prigent contacted Arnaud Rebotini, who granted him access to his collection of discs. Prigent mostly chose jungle sounds, finding that their rhythm, at around 160–170 bpm, was well adapted to Breton singing. In most cases, Prigent's voice was recorded first and electronic sounds were added afterwards. This combination of ancient singing and modern music is illustrated by ''Ar rannoù'', one of the oldest known Breton texts, for which Prigent recomposed the traditional tune using electronic sounds. He compared this treatment of singing and music to that of Alan Stivell : }}

Although the extreme difference between his a cappella songs and his new tracks using electronic samples received mixed critics, Prigent considered that he remained faithful to the arrhythmic, unmeasured aspect of Breton music. Particularly in gwerz, the singer must ensure that the intensity of the event being recounted comes first, and for this purpose, not sing in rhythm, but rather make pauses when appropriate. According to Prigent, a measured gwerz loses the identity of Breton singing, while an electronic accompaniment faithful to the arrhytmic song is perfectly natural. Similarly, he attaches a great importance to the traditional pronunciation of Breton, including the ''dibril'', an alveolar trill used in sung Breton only. It is also essential for him to remain faithful to the writing rules of gwerz, with very long lyrics of which only a part is recorded, and its eternal topics that prevent this genre dating back to the 5th century from going out of fashion. Fidelity to tradition is absolutely not a way of imprisoning himself in his own culture; on the contrary, for Prigent, developing the Breton culture by adapting it to modern technology is a way of opening up to other cultures.

With this album, Prigent also affirms his writing style. His verses are mostly octosyllables with, generally, a median caesura. This type of verse is very frequent in Breton, since short words are common, and thus long verses unneeded. He only writes in Breton, a language that, according to Prigent, kept its sacred aspect, contrarily to French. As a consequence, some lyrics remain untranslatable, even for their bilingual author.

In 1998, he took part in Alan Simon's ''Excalibur, la légende des Celtes'', with Roger Hodgson (the singer of Supertramp), Angelo Branduardi and Didier Lockwood.

''Irvi'' (2000–2002)

In 2000, Denez Prigent released his third album, ''Irvi''. This title is the plural of the word '''', i.e. a ''foam path'', meaning a path, only usable at low tide, that links a tidal island to the continent or to another island. The song ''Hent-eon'' (foam path) describes the wish of a man from Lesconil to be buried in such a path so that he will be watched over by nature. This idea of a link between two worlds, between life and death, also appears in ''Daouzek huñvre'', where seven lost spirits clothed in flesh walk in line on a foam path.

Like in ''Me 'zalc'h ennon ur fulenn aour'', Denez Prigent wrote all the lyrics, except those of the traditional song ''E ti Eliz Iza'', on the bonus CD, and most of the musics, again using both traditional instruments and electronic sounds. The latter are more discreet than on the previous album; ''Irvi'' thus sounds less ''jungle'' and more new age. The main invited musicians are the jazzman Louis Sclavis, the viellist Valentin Clastrier, and the uilleann piper Davy Spillane.

For the first time, French lyrics appear on one of Prigent's albums. They are told by Bertrand Cantat on ''Daouzek huñvre'', whose structure is reminiscent of the twelve series of ''Ar rannoù''. The other voice that can be heard on this album is that of Lisa Gerrard, the singer of Dead Can Dance, on ''Gortoz a ran'' (I await). This song, the first one in the album, is part of the soundtrack of ''Black Hawk Down'', a film directed by Ridley Scott.

Another guest, the bagad Kemper, performs with Denez Prigent on ''E trouz ar gêr'' and ''Ar sonerien du'', a gwerz about the legend of the dark sonneurs, a couple of sonneurs (biniou and bombard) which the gendarmes arrested, mistaking them for thieves for whom they were looking. Both were hanged and buried in Pont-l'Abbé before their innocence was established. Their graves are, to this day, a location of pilgrimage. In Denez Prigent's version of the legend, the gendarmes kill and hang the musicians in order not to admit to having let the real thieves escape, also insisting on the reputation of debauchery which the conformists gave, at the time, to festive music.

This album was nominated for the Victoires de la Musique in 2001.

After a series of concerts, Prigent recorded a live album, ''Live Holl a-gevret !'', during the Festival interceltique de Lorient in August 2001, guest-starring the bagad Roñsed-Mor of Locoal-Mendon.

''Sarac'h'' (2003–present)

The next album, ''Sarac'h'' (rustle), was released in 2003. Lisa Gerrard is again invited, as is Yanka Rupkina, the soloist of the Bulgarian State Television Female Vocal Choir, Karen Matheson of Capercaillie, and the Sami singer Mari Boine. Also appearing are the Dónal Lunny on the bouzouki, Nabil Khalidi on the oud, and Farhad Bouallagi on the violin. Although this album uses electronic sounds, the music is mostly performed on traditional instruments.

The album begins with two traditional songs : ''An hini a garan'', with Lisa Gerrard, and ''E garnison !'', with Louise Ebrel, who had already toured with Prigent. Two previously unreleased songs written in the beginning of Prigent's career are part of the album, ''Son Alma Ata'' and ''Ar gwez-sapin''.

Contrarily to the previous albums, ''Sarac'h'' contains very personal lyrics, in which the author writes about himself. ''N'eus forzh…'' is about the importance of singing, thanks to which Prigent never loses hope ("" : my fire always burns). He also resumes a verse already used in E trouz ar gêr sums up his way of life: "n'eus ket un deiz na ganfen ket" (there is not a single day during which I would not sing). In ''Dispi'', he expresses his very pessimistic point of view on the Breton language, an essential topic for Prigent, who only sings in Breton and taught this language. He describes his despair about this situation, writing that those who dreamt of a return to harmony between generations linked by the Breton language and culture were insane.

The eponymous song alone sums up Prigent's main convictions. It relates his own return to nature, when, used to the never-ending noise of the cars on the highway next to which he lived in Rennes, he decided to buy a house in Lanvellec (Côtes d'Armor). He then rediscovered the silence of nature, with the rustle of the wind in the trees in the background. He drew from that the impression, from which he writes the song, that modernisation cuts people from nature and encourages them to stay alone behind their screens.

''Sarac'h'' received the best album award of the Breton newspaper, ''Le Télégramme de Brest''. Gilles Servat, who gave him the award, expressed his admiration for Denez Prigent, who he described as "an artist emblematic of the renewal in Breton expression and in the search for new musicalities".

Since then, Prigent sang on stages such as the Stade de France (for Saint Patrick's Day), the Paléo Festival Nyon (Switzerland), Bercy, the Trans Musicales in China, the theater of Paris, the Vieilles Charrues Festival, the Casino de Paris, the Rozrywki theater in Poland, the Stimmen festival (Germany), the antique roman theater in Vienna and the theater of Tenerife (Canary Islands).

Lyrical influences

Brittany and nature

The sadness that Denez Prigent feels when he lives in a city is the topic of ''E trouz ar gêr'', which concludes as the world ends, and in ''Melezourioù-glav'', in which he finds a new hope in the last remaining natural element: rain. Since he cannot find nature around him, Prigent keeps it in his memory (''Kereñvor''). He ends up going back to living in the country, as told in ''Sarac'h''.

''Hent-eon'' is also about harmony with nature, this time in death. The narrator wishes to be buried in a foam path to be eternally cradled by the tide, watched over by his real family: rain, birds, wind, the sea.

A variation on this conviction is found in ''Geotenn ar marv'', a song against the use of genetically modified organisms in agriculture. To him, there is no meaning in singing in Breton on a land that has lost its nature due to this "herb of death" sown by "those who shamelessly changed that which could not be changed".

Injustice, disease, death

''Ur fulenn aour'' is the lament of a young girl sold by her parents to become a prostitute in the Philippines. A variation on this topic is forced marriage, of which the narrator of ''A-dreñv va zi'' is a victim. Given before her thirteenth birthday to a man who makes her a slave, she sheds her tears on the tree she planted, which bears the best fruit in the world. She hanged her husband, her mother in law and her parents on that tree.

Denez Prigent also covers some of the better-known topics in international politics. ''An iliz ruz'' is a very graphical description of the massacre of people in a church in Nyarubuyé, Rwanda: "they cut their heads off mercilessly / like one reaps wheat in summer". ''Ar chas ruz'' relates the invasion of Tibet by China, where the "red dogs" kill not only men, but also their culture.

Two songs are devoted to infanticide. ''Ar wezenn-dar'' is more specifically about the case of India, where the policy of population decrease favoured the murder, particularly, of girls. In ''Ar vamm lazherez'', a woman kills her first twelve daughters before being killed by the thirteenth, who survives by supernatural means to carry out the revenge.

Discography

See also

Notes and references

Further reading

External links

; Audio and video documents

Category:Living people Category:1966 births Category:Breton musicians Category:French male singers Category:People from Finistère

Steven Jablonsky (born October 9, 1970) is an American music composer for film, television and video games. He has been the music director for all the Michael Bay movies produced and directed since The Island. He has composed the soundtracks to the movies ''The Texas Chainsaw Massacre'' (2003), ''Steamboy'' (2004), ''The Island'' (2005), ''Transformers'' (2007), ''D-War'' (2007), ''Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen'' (2009) and ''Transformers: Dark of the Moon'' (2011). He was also a contributor on ''Team America: World Police'' (2004) among many others. In addition, he helped compose some of the music to the video game ''Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty'', and composed the theme music in 2003 for the BBC's ''Seven Wonders of the Industrial World''. He continues to write music for the television show ''Desperate Housewives'' (2004-current) since the fourth episode. His track "Trailblazing" served as the opening theme for WrestleMania X8 and WrestleMania XIX.

Steve also wrote the music for ''Command & Conquer 3: Tiberium Wars'', taking the place of the former ''Command & Conquer'' music composer Frank Klepacki, who was unable to write the game's score due to his involvement with ''Universe at War: Earth Assault''.

Jablonsky studied composition at the University of California, Berkeley, and worked for seven years for Harry Gregson-Williams at Remote Control Productions, the music production company headed by Hans Zimmer. Jablonsky's most recent projects include the scores for the Michael Bay live action feature film ''Transformers'', the South Korean film ''D-War'', ''Gears of War 2'' for the Xbox 360 gaming console, and music for ''The Sims 3''. He works in Hans Zimmer's studio Remote Control Productions. He was mentored by current Remote Control members Hans Zimmer, Harry Gregson-Williams, and Nick Glennie-Smith and former member Klaus Badelt.

Discography

Filmography

Video games

External links

References

Category:1970 births Category:Living people Category:American film score composers Category:American television composers Category:Video game composers