Hyundai Motor Company
현대자동차 주식회사

Type	Public
Traded as	KRX: 005380 LSE: HYUD
Industry	Automotive
Founded	December 29, 1967
Founder(s)	Chung Ju-yung
Headquarters	Seoul, South Korea
Area served	Worldwide
Key people	Chung Mong-koo (CEO)
Products	Automobiles, commercial vehicles, engines
Production output	2,943,529 units (2011)
Revenue	US$ 97.408 billion (2011)[1]
Net income	US$ 04.707 billion (2011)[1]
Total assets	US$ 104.06 billion (2011)[1]
Total equity	US$ 024.028 billion (2011)[1]
Employees	80,000 (2011)[1]
Parent	Hyundai Motor Group
Subsidiaries	Hyundai Motor India
Website	worldwide.hyundai.com

This article contains Korean text. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Hangul or Hanja.

Hyundai Motor Company (Hangul: 현대자동차 주식회사; Hanja: 現代自動車株式會社) (Hangul: 현대; Hanja: 現代; MR: Hyŏndae, IPA: [hjə́ːndɛ],^[2] modernity; KRX: 005380) is a South Korean multinational automaker headquartered in Seoul, South Korea. Hyundai was founded in 1967 and it, along with Kia, together comprise the Hyundai Motor Group, which is the world's fourth largest automobile manufacturer in the world based on annual vehicle sales in 2010 after Toyota, General Motors, and Volkswagen AG.^[3] As of 2011, it is the world's fastest growing automaker for two years running.^[4][5][6] In 2008, Hyundai (without Kia) ranked as the eighth largest automaker.^[7] In 2010, Hyundai sold over 3.6 million vehicles worldwide.

Hyundai operates the world's largest integrated automobile manufacturing facility^[8] in Ulsan, which is capable of producing 1.6 million units annually. The company employs about 75,000 persons worldwide. Hyundai vehicles are sold in 193 countries through some 6,000 dealerships and showrooms.

History[link]

The world's largest automobile manufacturing plant in Ulsan, South Korea, produces over 1.6 million vehicles annually.

Chung Ju-Yung founded the Hyundai Engineering and Construction Company in 1947. Hyundai Motor Company was later established in 1967. The company's first model, the Cortina, was released in cooperation with Ford Motor Company in 1968. When Hyundai wanted to develop their own car, they hired George Turnbull, the former Managing Director of Austin Morris at British Leyland. He in turn hired five other top British car engineers.They were Kenneth Barnett body design, engineers John Simpson and Edward Chapman, John Crosthwaite ex-BRM as chassis engineer and Peter Slater as chief development engineer.^{[9][10][11][12]} In 1975, the Pony, the first Korean car, was released, with styling by Giorgio Giugiaro of ItalDesign and powertrain technology provided by Japan's Mitsubishi Motors. Exports began in the following year to Ecuador and soon thereafter to the Benelux countries. In 1991, the company succeeded in developing its first proprietary gasoline engine, the four-cylinder Alpha, and transmission, thus paving the way for technological independence.

In 1986, Hyundai exported the Pony to Canada, but not to the United States, because the Pony didn't pass emissions standards there. Canadian sales greatly exceeded expectations, and it was at one point the top-selling car on the Canadian market. The Pony afforded a much higher degree of quality and refinement in the lowest price auto segment than the Eastern-bloc imports of the period then available.

In 1986, Hyundai began to sell cars in the United States, and the Excel was nominated as "Best Product #10" by Fortune magazine, largely because of its affordability. The company began to produce models with its own technology in 1988, beginning with the midsize Sonata.

In 1996, Hyundai Motor India Limited was established with a production plant in Irungattukottai near Chennai, India.^[13]

In 1998, Hyundai began to overhaul its image in an attempt to establish itself as a world-class brand. Chung Ju Yung transferred leadership of Hyundai Motor to his son, Chung Mong Koo, in 1999.^[14] Hyundai's parent company, Hyundai Motor Group, invested heavily in the quality, design, manufacturing, and long-term research of its vehicles. It added a 10-year or 100,000-mile (160,000 km) warranty to cars sold in the United States and launched an aggressive marketing campaign.

In 2004, Hyundai was ranked second in "initial quality" in a survey/study by J.D. Power and Associates. Hyundai is now one of the top 100 most valuable brands worldwide. Since 2002, Hyundai has also been one of the worldwide official sponsors of the FIFA World Cup.

In 2006, the South Korean government initiated an investigation of Chung Mong Koo's practices as head of Hyundai, suspecting him of corruption. On April 28, 2006, Chung was arrested, and charged for embezzlement of 100 billion South Korean won (US$106 million).^[15] As a result, Hyundai Vice Chairman and CEO, Kim Dong-jin, replaced him as head of the company.

On September 30, 2011, Yang Seung Suk announced his retirement as CEO of Hyundai Motor Co. In the interim replacement period, Chung Mong-koo and Kim Eok-jo will divide the duties of the CEO position.^[16]

Research and Development[link]

Hyundai has 6 centres worldwide, located in Korea (three offices), Germany, Japan and India. Additionally, there is an American design center in California that develops designs for US markets.^[17]

Business[link]

In 1998, after a shake-up in the Korean auto industry caused by overambitious expansion and the Asian financial crisis, Hyundai acquired rival Kia Motors. In 2000, the company established a strategic alliance with DaimlerChrysler and severed its partnership with the Hyundai Group. In 2001, the Daimler-Hyundai Truck Corporation was formed. In 2004, however, DaimlerChrysler divested its interest in the company by selling its 10.5% stake for $900 million.

Hyundai has invested in manufacturing plants in the North America, India, Czech Republic, Pakistan, China and Turkey as well as research and development centers in Europe, Asia, North America, and the Pacific Rim. In 2004, Hyundai Motor Company had $57.2 billion in sales in South Korea making it the country's second largest corporation, or chaebol. Worldwide sales in 2005 reached 2,533,695 units, an 11 percent increase over the previous year. Hyundai has set as its 2006 target worldwide sales of 2.7 million units (excluding exports of CKD kits). In 2007 it reached 3,961,629 worldwide vehicle sales—surpassing Fiat, Chrysler, PSA/Peugeot, Nissan, and Honda.

Hyundai motor vehicles are sold in 193 countries through some 5,000 dealerships and showrooms. After a recent survey of global automotive sales, Hyundai is now the fourth largest automaker in the world as of 2009.^[18]

Hyundai Motor Company's brand power continues to rise as it was ranked 65th in the 2007 Best Global Brands by Interbrand and BusinessWeek survey, with brand value estimated at $5.0 billion. Public perception of the Hyundai brand has been transformed as a result of dramatic improvements in the quality of Hyundai vehicles.

Hyundai in North America[link]

The Hyundai Genesis, named the 2009 North American Car of the Year.

The 6th Generation Hyundai Sonata was awarded 'Top Safety Pick' from Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) in the United States.^[19] .

The Hyundai Elantra was crowned North American Car of the Year at the 2012 Detroit Auto Show.

The Hyundai Tiburon, also known as the Tuscani in South Korea and as the coupe in Great Britain. it was discontinued in 2008.

The 2012 Hyundai Veloster is a compact 3-door sports car first produced in 2011 as a replacement for the discontinued Hyundai Tiburon.

The Hyundai Tucson, also known as ix35 in Europe and Brazil from second generation.

Hyundai Santa Fe was awarded the Top Pick by Consumer Reports in 2008.

A Hyundai Universe Space Luxury, the latest modern coach by Hyundai. Successor to the Hyundai Aero.

United States[link]

Hyundai began selling cars in the United States on February 20, 1986, with a single model, the Hyundai Excel. The Excel was offered in a variety of trims and body styles. That year, Hyundai set a record of selling the most automobiles in its first year of business in the United States compared to any other car brand; total sales in 1986 were 168,882.

Initially well received, the Excel's faults soon became apparent; cost-cutting measures caused reliability to suffer. With an increasingly poor reputation for quality, Hyundai sales plummeted, and many dealerships either earned their profits on repairs or abandoned the product. At one point, Hyundai became the butt of many jokes (i.e. Hyundai stands for "Hope you understand nothing's driveable and inexpensive") and even made David Letterman's Top Ten Hilarious Mischief Night Pranks To Play In Space: No.8 – Paste a "Hyundai" logo on the main control panel.^[20]

In response, Hyundai began investing heavily in the quality, design, manufacturing, and long-term research of its vehicles. It added a 10-year or 100,000-mile (160,000 km) powertrain warranty (known as the Hyundai challenge) to its vehicles sold in the United States. By 2004, sales had dramatically increased, and the reputation of Hyundai cars improved. In 2004, Hyundai tied with Honda for initial brand quality in a survey/study from J.D. Power and Associates, for having 102 problems per 1000 vehicles. This made Hyundai second in the industry, only behind Toyota, for initial vehicle quality. The company continued this tradition by placing third overall in J.D. Power's 2006 Initial Quality Survey, behind only Porsche and Lexus.^[21] Hyundai is ranked number 4 in World's Most Admired Companies under the motor vehicles section of CNN, after BMW (Bayerische Motoren Werke), Volkswagen, and Daimler in 2011.

Hyundai continues to invest heavily in its American operations as its cars grow in popularity. In 1990, Hyundai established the Hyundai Design Center in Fountain Valley, California. The center moved to a new $30 million facility in Irvine, California in 2003, and was renamed the Hyundai Kia Motors Design and Technical Center. Besides the design studio, the facility also housed Hyundai America Technical Center, Inc. (HATCI, established in 1986), a subsidiary responsible for all engineering activities in the U.S. for Hyundai. Hyundai America Technical Center moved to its new 200,000-square-foot (19,000 m²), $117 million headquarters in Superior Township, Michigan (near Ann Arbor) in 2005. Later that same year, HATCI announced that it would be expanding its technical operations in Michigan and hiring 600 additional engineers and other technical employees over a period of five years. The center also has employees in California and Alabama.

Hyundai America Technical Center completed construction of its Hyundai/Kia proving ground in California City, California in 2004. The 4,300-acre (17 km²) facility is located in the Mojave Desert and features a 6.4-mile (10.3 km) oval track,^[8] a Vehicle Dynamics Area, a vehicle-handling course inside the oval track, a paved hill road, and several special surface roads. A 30,000-square-foot (2,800 m²) complex featuring offices and indoor testing areas is located on the premises as well. The facility was built at a cost of $50 million. An aerial view can be found here.^[22] Hyundai completed an assembly plant just outside Montgomery, Alabama in 2004, with a grand opening on May 20, 2005, at a cost of $1.1 billion. At full capacity, the plant will employ 2,000 workers. Currently, the plant assembles the Hyundai Sonata and the Hyundai Santa Fe. It is Hyundai's second attempt at producing cars in North America since Hyundai Auto Canada Inc.'s plant in Quebec closed in 1993.

In 2003, Consumer Reports, based on complaints about 2002 model new cars that in general are less than one year usage, ranked Hyundai's reliability tied with Honda's; however, J.D. Power and Associates put Hyundai's 2002 vehicles below the industry average according to its annual Initial Quality Survey, which looks at problems in the first 90 days of ownership.^[23]

In 2006, J.D. Power and Associates' quality ranking, overall the Hyundai brand ranked 3rd, just behind Porsche and Lexus, and beating longtime rival Toyota.^[24] But Hyundai's ranking fell to twelfth in 2007.^[25] However, in 2009, Hyundai was the Highest Ranked Non-Premium Nameplate in the J.D. Power and Associates Initial Quality Study.^[26]

In the 2007 Strategic Vision Total Quality Awards, Hyundai Motor leads the most vehicle segments in Strategic Vision's Total Quality Index, measuring the ownership experience. They attempt to measure more than just the number of problems per vehicle. Hyundai tops in Strategic Vision Total Quality Awards. For the first time ever, Hyundai has risen to share the position of having the most models leading a segment. three models with the top Total Quality Index (TQI) score in their segments, including the Hyundai Azera, Entourage, Santa Fe.^[27][28]

In 2007 at the New York International Auto Show, Hyundai unveiled its V8 rear-drive luxury sedan called the Concept Genesis to be slotted above the Azera in the Hyundai line-up. This concept made its American debut in mid-2008. The Genesis reintroduced rear-wheel drive to the Hyundai range following a long period of only producing front-wheel drive cars.^[29]

In 2007 at the Los Angeles International Auto Show, Hyundai unveiled its second rear-drive concept car, the Concept Genesis Coupe, will be Hyundai's first sports car due to make its debut in early 2009.^[30]

In 2008, Hyundai Santa Fe and Hyundai Elantra were awarded 2008 Consumer Reports "top picks". The magazine's annual ratings, based on road tests and predicted safety and reliability are considered highly influential among consumers.^[31] The Hyundai Elantra was Consumer Reports' top-ranked 2008 vehicle among 19 other compacts and small family cars, beating out the Honda Civic, Toyota Corolla and Toyota Prius.^[32]

In 2008, at the North American International Auto Show, the production version of the luxury & performance-oriented Hyundai Genesis sedan made its debut, dealerships will have the Genesis as soon as summer 2008. In 2008, at the New York International Auto Show, Hyundai debuted its production version of the performance-oriented rear-drive Hyundai Genesis Coupe, slated to hit dealerships in early 2009.

On January 6, Hyundai reported sales of December 2008 fell to 24,037, from 46,487 in previous year and sales for the year dropped 14%, a day after the company launched 'Hyundai Assurance' in order to spark sales amid tough economic conditions.^[33]

In 2009 Hyundai announced the five-door hatchback variant of the Elantra compact sedan will carry the name Elantra Touring when it goes on sale in the spring as a 2009 model.^[34]

In 2009, the Hyundai Genesis luxury sedan was named 2009 North American Car of the Year, the first for Hyundai.^[35] The Genesis has received a number of well-recognized automobile awards worldwide. It also won the 2009 Canadian Car of the Year after winning its category of Best New Luxury Car under $50,000.^[36] The Hyundai's V8 Tau engine in the Genesis, which develops 375 hp (280 kW) on premium fuel and 368 hp (274 kW) on regular fuel, received 2009 Ward's 10 Best Engines award.^[37]

In 2009, 4 models from Hyundai and two from Kia, earned the Top Safety Award by the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS).^[38]

In 2009, Hyundai/Kia vehicles were named as "least expensive vehicles to insure". Hyundai/Kia vehicles were the least expensive to insure and occupied the 'top five' least expensive slots, said Insure.com.^[39]

In 2009, According to a preliminary report from the Environmental Protection Agency published in November 2009, which is based on 2009 pre-model year production projections provided by automakers,^[40] Hyundai, at an average of 23.4 mpg_-US (10.1 L/100 km; 28.1 mpg_-imp), is the second most fuel-efficient automaker in America, after Honda's combined U.S. fleet of Honda and Acura models at an average of 23.6 mpg_-US (9.97 L/100 km; 28.3 mpg_-imp).^[41]

In 2010, a Consumer Reports reliability survey ranked Hyundai (including Kia) as the fourth-best automaker. The ratings reflect the performance, comfort, utility and reliability of more than 280 vehicles that the magazine recently tested.^[42]

In 2010, the Hyundai Equus made its North American debut at the North American International Auto Show

In January 2012, the Hyundai Elantra was named the North American Car of the Year at the North American International Auto Show, selling more than 200,000 cars since the model's redesigned debut.^[43]

Hyundai in Canada[link]

In 1989, Hyundai Auto Canada Inc. opened a stamping and assembly plant in Bromont, Quebec, employing 800. The plant cost $387.7 million, with Quebec and Canadian federal government subsidies of $131 million.^[44] The plant was designed to manufacture approximately 2000 Hyundai Sonatas per week.^[44] Subsequently, Chrysler and Hyundai considered a joint venture that would have Chrysler rebranding the Sonata manufactured at Bromont – only to later announce the deal had failed.^[45] The Bromont plant was operational for four years before it closed – with Hyundai's sales unable to support the plant. With boost in Sales in 2009, Hyundai Auto Canada Inc. is currently planning to build a new plant in Canada and resume production in Canada.^[46] Hyundai subsequently sold the plant,^[46] which was eventually purchased by Olymbec inc, a Quebec real estate developer.

Hyundai's manufacturing plant at Irungattukottai near Sriperumbudur, India.

Hyundai In India[link]

Hyundai Motor India Limited is currently the second largest auto exporter in India.^[47] It is making India the global manufacturing base for small cars. Hyundai sells several models in India, the most popular being the Santro Xing, i10 and the i20. Other models include Getz Prime, Accent, Terracan, Elantra (Discontinued), second generation Verna, Tucson, Santa Fe and the Sonata Transform. Hyundai has two manufacturing plants in India located at Sriperumbudur in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Both plants have a combined annual capacity of 600,000 units.In the year 2007 Hyundai opened its R&D facility in Hyderabad Andhra pradesh, employing now nearly 450 engineers from different parts of the country. Hyundai Motor India Engineering (HMIE) gives technical & engineering support in Vehicle development and CAD & CAE support to Hyundai's main R&D center in Namyang Korea. In 2010, Hyundai started its design activities at Hyderabad R&D Center with Styling, Digital Design & Skin CAD Teams.

South Korean car maker Hyundai, which as per reports is also world’s fastest growing automaker and fourth largest car manufacturer across the globe, has launched a new car, Hyundai EON in October in India. Eon is an entry-level car but at the same time it is very spacious with a large boot. The car has 814 cc engine, promising to deliver the mileage of over 20 km per litre.^[48]

Hyundai in Europe[link]

On November 2008, Hyundai opened its European plant in Nošovice, Czech Republic, following an investment of over 1 billion euros and over two years of construction.^[49][50] The plant, which mainly manufactures the i30 for the European market, has an annual capacity of 300,000 cars.^[51] The new Hyundai plant is 90 kilometers north of Kia Motors' Žilina Plant in Slovakia.

Hyundai in Turkey[link]

The opening of the first manufacturing plant in Turkey, located in İzmit, was done on the September 20, 1997 and due to the unexpectedly high demand a second plant was opened later in Kozyatağı, in collaboration with Isuzu Anadol, for CKD assembling only. The joint venture in Turkey is called Hyundai Assan Otomotiv.

Hyundai in Egypt[link]

Hyundai cars are manufactured in Egypt also, the local manufacturer of these vehicles is the Ghabbour Group, which is located in Cairo. They have a big model range and offers sports models of some car models which are only offered on the Egypt market. Formerly, the company had assembled vehicles from the GM concern.

Hyundai In Russia[link]

In Russia the production of Hyundai Accent, Sonata, Hyundai Elantra, Hyundai Santa Fe cars is taking place at TagAZ plant under contract till 2010 in Taganrog, and continued afterwards.^[52] In 2007 started construction of car plant in Saint Petersburg with yearly capacity of 100,000 cars, and it has been completed in 2010.^[53]

Hyundai in China[link]

Hyundai models sell well in China.^{[citation needed]} Hyundai is currently working with its Chinese partner Beijing Automobile Industry Holding Co. to develop an electric car for sale only in China.^[54]

^[55] In September 2011, it was announced that Korean celebrity Lee Min Ho, who is popular in China, will promote Hyundai's new 'Veloster' in China.^[56]

Beijing Hyundai[link]

A joint venture with Beijing Automotive Group,^[57] Beijing Hyundai Motor manufactures many Hyundai vehicles,^{[citation needed]} as well as a few models which are exclusive to the Chinese market.^[58] This company sold 700,000 passenger cars in 2010.^[59] Hyundai-branded SUVs were sold by a different company.

Hawtai partnership[link]

Between 2002^[60]-2010^[61] Hawtai Motor made Chinese-market versions of the Hyundai Matrix,^[62] the Hyundai Santa Fe^[60][63] and the Hyundai Terracan.^[60][63] The Santa Fe was the fifth most-purchased SUV in China in 2010,^[64] and some of Hawtai's versions may greatly differ from those sold in other markets.^[65]

Commercial vehicles[link]

In October 2010, Hyundai signed agreement with Sichuan Nanjun Automobile on setting up a commercial vehicle joint venture—Sichuan Hyundai Motor Co., Ltd.^[55]

Hyundai in Japan[link]

Despite having growing sales worldwide, Hyundai struggled in Japan, having sold only 15,000 passenger cars from 2001 to 2009.^[66] Following an announcement on November 2009, Hyundai pulled their passenger car division out of the Japanese market and focused on their commercial vehicle division instead.^[66] The company said that it is possible for them to come back to Japan fully if market conditions continue to improve.^[67]

Hyundai in the Philippines[link]

Hyundai continues to dominate the Philippine automobile market through their newly introduced models. Hyundai is currently the third top selling automotive brand in the country. Hyundai's Getz, i10, Accent, SantaFe, Sonata, and Grand Starex were among the models which brought Hyundai to the 3rd spot. Hyundai almost doubled its sales in 2010 with 11,086 in 2009 to a whopping 20,712. Hyundai becomes the fastest growing automotive brand in the country.^{[citation needed]}

Hyundai in New Zealand[link]

A growing market for Hyundai's cars, sales in New Zealand were up 27% in late 2011, compared to 2010 sales.^[68]

Electric vehicles[link]

The Hyundai Sonata Hybrid uses an advanced form-fitting light-weight lithium polymer battery opposed to usual boxy Lithium-ion battery found in other Hybrid vehicles.

The Hyundai BlueOn electric car (Hyundai i10 EV) at the 2010 Seoul Motor Show.

The new hybrid electric Sonata made its debut at the Los Angeles International Auto Show in November 2008. featuring lithium polymer battery technology.^[69]The 2011 Hyundai Sonata Hybrid sales in the U.S. began near the end of February 2011.

Hyundai began producing hybrid electric vehicles in 2009. The company is using Hybrid Blue Drive, which includes lithium polymer batteries, as opposed to lithium-ion.^[70][71][72] The Avante was the first vehicle to be produced. Other are the Santa Fe Hybrid, the Elantra, Sonata Hybrid and the Hyundai i20, which will replace the Hyundai Getz.

Hyundai Elantra LPI Hybrid (or Avante in the local market) was launched in the South Korean domestic market in July 2009. The Elantra LPI (Liquefied Petroleum Injected) is the world's first hybrid electric vehicle to be powered by an internal combustion engine built to run on liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) as a fuel. The Elantra PLI is a mild hybrid and the first hybrid to adopt advanced lithium polymer (Li–Poly) batteries.^[73][74]

The Hyundai Blue Will plug-in hybrid has made its U.S. debut at the North American International Auto Show in Detroit 2010.^[75][76]

At the 2010 Geneva Motor Show, Hyundai unveiled the i-flow, a concept car using a variant of the BLUE-WILL hybrid system. The i-flow Concept uses a 1.7-liter twin-turbo diesel engine along with electric batteries to achieve fuel economy of 3 litres per 100 kilometres (94 mpg_-imp; 78 mpg_-US). Hyundai says a production car based on the i-flow's design will be in production by 2011.^[77]

The Hyundai BlueOn is a subcompact 5-door hatchback electric car produced by Hyundai Motor Company.The prototype, an electric version of i10, was first unveiled at the Frankfurt Motor Show in 2009. The pre-production testing model was unveiled in Seoul in September 2010, when the first of 30 units were delivered to South Korean government agencies for field testing. The carmaker plans to build 2,500 units by the end of 2012. The BlueOn is equipped with a LG 16.4 kWh lithium polymer (Li–Poly) battery pack and charges in 6 hours with a 220 V power outlet and in 25 minutes to 80% with three-phase electric power (in a 380 V outlet). The maximum speed is 130 km/h (81 mph) and 0-100 km/h is achieved in 13.1 seconds. According to Hyundai Motor Company, the total investment to developed the BlueOn, its first production electric car, was around 40 billion won (US$34.3 million).^[78][79]

This section requires expansion.

Environmental record[link]

On April 23, 2008 Hyundai Motor announced the beginning of a five-year project to turn 50 km² of infertile land into grassland by 2012. Hyundai is doing so with the help of the Korean Federation for Environmental Movement (KFEM). The project, named Hyundai Green Zone, is located 660 km north of Beijing. The goal of the project is to end the recurring dust storms in Beijing, block desertification and protect the local ecosystem. Local weeds will be planted in the region that have the ability to endure sterile alkaline soil. This is the first environmental project of the company's social contribution program.Hyundai also made electric car concept i10 recently.^[80][81]

Hyundai Motor plans to aid Chevron Corporation in the construction of up to six hydrogen fueling stations that will be located in California, including locations at the University of California-Davis and the Hyundai America Technical Center in Chino. Hyundai is going to provide a collection of 32 Tucson fuel cell vehicles, which are powered by UTC Fuel Cell power plants.^[82]

Motorsport[link]

Alister McRae driving an Accent WRC at the 2001 Rally Finland.

Hyundai entered motorsport by competing in the F2 class of the World Rally Championship in 1998 and 1999. In September 1999, Hyundai unveiled the Accent WRC, a World Rally Car based on the Hyundai Accent. The Hyundai World Rally Team debuted the car at the 2000 Swedish Rally and achieved their first top-ten result at that year's Rally Argentina, when Alister McRae and Kenneth Eriksson finished seventh and eighth, respectively. Eriksson later drove the car to fifth place in New Zealand and fourth in Australia. In 2001, Hyundai debuted a new evolution of the Accent WRC, which was intended to improve reliability, but the performance of the car was still not good enough to challenge the four big teams (Ford, Mitsubishi, Peugeot and Subaru). However, at the season-ending Rally GB, the team achieved their best result with McRae finishing fourth and Eriksson sixth.

For the 2002 season, Hyundai hired the four-time world champion Juha Kankkunen, along with Freddy Loix and Armin Schwarz. Kankkunen's fifth place in New Zealand was the team's best result, but they managed to edge out Škoda and Mitsubishi by one point in the battle for fourth place in the manufacturers' world championship. In September 2003, after a season hampered by budget constraints, Hyundai announced withdrawal from the WRC and planned to return in 2006, which did not happen.^[83]

In 2006, following the announcement that Korea was scheduled to earn a Formula One Grand Prix, Hyundai planned to enter the sport.^[84] The Korean Grand Prix was first held in 2010, but Hyundai have not entered the championship. Hyundai announced they would be revealing their future rally plans at the 2011 Chicago Auto Show, on February 9.^[85] The current plans for rallying are focused around the newest Hyundai release, the Veloster.^[86]

Model lineup[link]

• Accent/Verna
• Atos/Atoz/Santro
• Coupé/Tiburon/Tuscani
• Dynasty
• Elantra/Avante/Lantra
• Eon
• Equus/Centennial (Originally a joint project of Hyundai and Mitsubishi)^[87]
• Excel
• Genesis
• Genesis Coupe
• Getz/Click/Getz Prime/TB
• Grandeur/Azera/XG (Originally a joint project of Hyundai and Mitsubishi)
• i10
• i20
• i30/i30cw/Elantra Touring
• Hyundai i40
• Lavita/Matrix
• Pony
• Santamo (Rebadged Mitsubishi Chariot; originally produced by Hyundai Precision Industry)
• Sonata/i45
• Stellar
• Veloster

Hyundai Eon   Hyundai i10   Hyundai i20   Hyundai i30   Hyundai i40   Hyundai Veloster Turbo   Hyundai Genesis Coupe   Hyundai Genesis   Hyundai Equus Limousine

SUVs and vans[link]

• Entourage (Similar to the Kia Sedona)
• Galloper (Rebadged Mitsubishi Pajero; originally produced by Hyundai Precision Industry)
• Grace (1st generation was a rebadged Mitsubishi Delica)
• H-1/H-200/iMax/i800/Libero/Satellite/Starex
• HD1000 (Minibus/Porter)
• Porter (1st generation was a rebadged Mitsubishi Delica)
• Santa Fe
• Starex/Grand Starex/i800/H-1
• Terracan
• Trajet
• Tucson/JM/ix35
• Veracruz/ix55

Hyundai Tucson   Hyundai Santa Fe   Hyundai Veracruz   Hyundai Terracan   Hyundai Starex

Commercial vehicles[link]

• HM 1620 urban bus
• HM 1630 suburban bus
• Hyundai 4.5 to 5-ton truck (Rebadged Mitsubishi Fuso Fighter)
• Hyundai 8 to 25-ton truck (Rebadged Mitsubishi Fuso Super Great)
• Aero (Rebadged Mitsubishi Fuso Aero Bus)
• Aero City
• Aero Town (e-Aero Town)
• Bison & 3ton Truck
• Chorus
• County (e-County)
• Hyundai DQ-7
• e-Mighty
• Hyundai FB
• HD160
• HD170
• Mega Truck
• New Power Truck
• Nova (made by Ghabbour Group in Egypt^[88])
• Mighty (Rebadged Mitsubishi Fuso Canter)
• Mighty II
• Hyundai RB
• Super Truck Medium
• Super Truck
• Trago
• Universe
• O303 Benz Bus

Concept car[link]

• HCD-I
• HCD-II
• HCD-III
• HCD-6
• HCD-7
• HCD-8
• HCD-9 Talus
• i-oniq^[89]

Corporate social responsibility[link]

In 2008, Hyundai Motors established a committee to oversee its Corporate Social Responsibility program.^[90] Among the program's initiatives have been the "Happy Move Global Youth Volunteers Program".^[91]

The Hyundai Motors' India Foundation (HMIF) has invested more than 20 million rupees in various corporate social responsibility programmes in India. In 2011 it started the "Go Green" village adoption project in Tamil Nadu. Its aim was to promote environmentally friendly products, increase the forest cover in Tamil Nadu, and improve living and hygiene conditions in the region's villages. A number of schools have been adopted for improvement with the HMIF donating around 450 benches to government schools and drilling 10 bore wells.^[92] It has been ranked as 43rd most trusted brand in India by The Brand Trust Report, India study 2011.^[93]

Controversies[link]

In 2007, Chung Ju-yung's son Chung Mong-koo was convicted of embezzlement after taking money from Hyundai Motors to run slush funds. His initial three year jail sentence was reduced to community service and a $1 billion donation to charity.^[94]

See also[link]

Companies portal

• List of Korean car makers
• List of Hyundai engines
• Hyundai
• Hyundai Group
• Hyundai Motor Group
• Hyundai Motor Manufacturing Alabama
• Kia Motors
• Hyundai Mobis
• Bering Truck Corporation
• Dewan Farooque Motors

References[link]

External links[link]

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Kim Yuna 김연아 金姸兒
Kim Yuna at the Vancouver 2010 Winter Olympics
Personal information
Full name	Yuna Kim
Alternative names	Kim Yuna
Born	(1990-09-05) September 5, 1990 (age 21) Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
Residence	Seoul, South Korea
Height	1.64 m (5 ft 4 1⁄2 in)
Coach	Peter Oppegard
Former coach	Brian Orser Seyeol Kim Hyeonjeong Ji Hyesuk Shin Jonghyeon Ryu
Choreographer	David Wilson
Former choreographer	Sandra Bezic Tom Dickson Jeffrey Buttle Seyeol Kim Catarina Lindgren Hyeonjeong Ji
Began skating	1996
World standing	48 (As of 29 April 2012 (2012 -04-29)[update])[1]
ISU personal best scores
Combined total	228.56 (WR) 2010 Winter Olympics
Short program	78.50 (WR) 2010 Winter Olympics
Free skate	150.06 (WR) 2010 Winter Olympics
Medal record Competitor for  South Korea Ladies' Figure skating Olympic Games Gold 2010 Vancouver Singles World Championships Gold 2009 Los Angeles Singles Silver 2010 Turin Singles Silver 2011 Moscow Singles Bronze 2007 Tokyo Singles Bronze 2008 Gothenburg Singles Four Continents Championships Gold 2009 Vancouver Singles Grand Prix Final Gold 2009–10 Tokyo Singles Silver 2008–09 Goyang Singles Gold 2007–08 Turin Singles Gold 2006–07 St. Petersburgh Singles World Junior Championships Gold 2006 Ljubljana Singles Silver 2005 Kitchener Singles Junior Grand Prix Final Gold 2005–2006 Ostrava Singles Silver 2004–2005 Helsinki Singles

This article contains Korean text. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Hangul or Hanja.

Kim Yuna (Hangul: 김연아, Hanja: 金姸兒, IPA: [kimjʌna]; born September 5, 1990) is a South Korean figure skater.

She is the 2010 Olympic champion in Ladies' Singles, the 2009 World champion, the 2009 Four Continents champion, a three-time (2006–2007, 2007–2008, 2009–2010) Grand Prix Final champion, the 2006 World Junior champion, the 2005–2006 Junior Grand Prix Final champion, and a four-time (2002–2005) South Korean national champion.

Kim is the first South Korean figure skater to win a medal at an ISU Junior or Senior Grand Prix event, ISU Championship, and the Olympic Games. She is the first female skater to win the Olympic Games, the World Championships, the Four Continents Championships and the Grand Prix Final. She is one of the most highly recognized athletes and media figures in South Korea.^[3]

She is the current record holder for ladies in the short program,^[4] the free skating^[5] and the combined total^[6] under the ISU Judging System. She is also the first female skater to surpass the 150-point free skating mark^[5] and the 200-point total mark^[6] under the ISU Judging System. She has never been placed off the podium in her entire career.^[7]

Personal life[link]

Kim was born in 1990 in Bucheon, Gyeonggi and moved to Gunpo when she was six years old. She trained initially in South Korea before spending four years training in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. She currently trains in Seoul and Los Angeles, California, U.S.A.

In 2008, Kim was baptized as a Catholic alongside her mother, taking the saint's name Stella.^[8] In 2009, Kim enrolled at Korea University as a Physical Education major.^[9]

The correct transliteration of her name from Korean would be 'Kim Yeona'.^[10] However, when she applied for her passport, she intended to write her name as 'Yun-a', but the official mis-wrote her name as 'Yu-na'. In Hangul, 'Yun-a' would properly be spelled "연아" and not "유나."^[11] From the 2010–2011 season, her name was registered as 'Yuna Kim' at ISU profile.^[12]

Career[link]

Early career[link]

Kim began skating at the age of 7. Her coach at the time, Jong-Hyeon Ryu, strongly suggested to Kim's mother that Kim should continue to skate, predicting that she would become a world-class figure skater in the future.^[13] In a 2011 interview, she gave credit to her coaches for noticing her aptness for skating, "My coaches have told me my muscles and body structure are perfect for skating. I was born with a good instrument, maybe more so than the talent. I was lucky my coaches noticed early on and helped me develop that. A lot of people don't know they are born that way."^[14]

In 2002, Kim competed internationally for the first time at the Triglav Trophy, where she won the gold medal in the novice competition. A year later, at age 12, she won the senior title at the South Korean Championships, becoming the youngest skater ever to win that title. She won her second international competition at the Golden Bear of Zagreb, a novice competition. She continued her reign as the South Korean champion in 2004.

Junior career[link]

2004–2005 season[link]

In the 2004–2005 season, Kim competed as a junior at the ISU Junior Grand Prix. She won a silver medal at the event in China and a gold medal at the event in Hungary. She won a silver medal at the 2004–2005 Junior Grand Prix Final with an overall score of 137.75 points.

She retained her National Championship title for the third year in a row on her way to the 2005 World Junior Championships. At that competition, she won a silver medal earning 158.93 points and landed her first triple-triple combination jump in the free skating.

2005–2006 season[link]

For the 2005–2006 season, Kim was not old enough to compete at the 2006 Olympics, even if South Korea earned a spot at the final qualifying competition, the 2005 Karl Schäfer Memorial.

Instead, she competed in the 2005–2006 Junior Grand Prix and won both of her competitions in Bulgaria and Slovakia. At the 2005–2006 Junior Grand Prix Final, she won the competition 28.34 points ahead of silver medalist Aki Sawada. During her free skate, she landed seven triple jumps, including a triple flip – triple toe loop combination and a double axel – triple toe loop combination.

Kim won her fourth senior national title. At the 2006 World Junior Championships, she won the gold medal scoring 177.54 points overall, with a 24.19-point margin of victory over silver medalist Mao Asada.

Senior career[link]

2006–2007 season[link]

Kim performing her free skate to The Lark Ascending at the 2006 Skate Canada.

In order to prepare for her senior debut in the 2006–2007 season, Kim trained extensively at the Toronto Cricket, Skating and Curling Club of Toronto, Ontario, Canada during the summer of 2006.

Kim made her senior international debut at 2006 Skate Canada where she won a bronze medal after being placed first at the short program and fourth in the free skate program with a total overall score of 168.48 points.

At the 2006 Trophée Eric Bompard, Kim received a score of 65.22 in the short program and 119.32 in the free skate, placing first both of them and won the event with 184.54 points, 10.10 points ahead of silver medalist Miki Ando. Those performances qualified Kim for the Grand Prix Final for the first time.

At the 2006 Grand Prix Final in Saint Petersburg, Russia, Kim placed third in the short program with 65.06 points and first in the free skating with 119.14. She won the Grand Prix Final earning 184.20 points, by a margin of 11.68 ahead over silver medalist Mao Asada.

Kim was forced to withdraw due to an injury at the 2007 South Korean Championships and was unable to defend her national title. In January 2007, Kim was diagnosed as being in the early stage of lumbar disc herniation (L₄~L₅).^[15]

Kim was selected to compete at the 2007 World Championships based on her performance during the season. Because of the placement of Choi Ji Eun the year before, South Korea had only one spot in the World Championships. During the World Championships in Tokyo, Japan, Kim won the short program with 71.95 points, setting the highest short program score ever under the ISU Judging System and consequently, a world record.^[16] She placed fourth in the long program earning 114.19 points, and finished third overall with 186.14 points behind Japanese skaters Miki Ando and Mao Asada. Kim's placement qualified South Korea two ladies entries for the 2008 World Figure Skating Championships.^[17] Kim was the only lady skater whose triple-triple combination was recognized by the judges in both the short and the free skating programs in the 2006–2007 season.

In March 2007, Brian Orser became her new full-time coach. Satisfied with the training environment in Toronto, Kim made Toronto her training home.^[3]

2007–2008 season[link]

Kim was assigned to the 2007 Cup of China and the 2007 Cup of Russia Grand Prix for the 2007–2008 ISU Grand Prix season.

Kim started off the 2007–2008 season winning the 2007 Cup of China with a total score of 180.68 points, which was 24.34 ahead of silver medalist Caroline Zhang. She landed a triple flip-single toe loop combination, a triple Lutz, a double Axel and placed 3rd in the short program. But the next day, she hit a triple flip-triple toe loop combination, a triple loop, triple lutz-double toe loop combination, double axel-triple toe loop combination, a single lutz, a triple salchow, a double axel and three level-four spins to score 122.36 points in the free skating.

At the 2007 Cup of Russia, Kim won both the short program scoring 63.50 points and the free skate with 133.70 points, to finish first overall with 197.20 points, 24.43 ahead of silver medalist Yukari Nakano, which set a world record for the free skate score under the ISU Judging System. She executed triple flip-triple toe loop combination, a triple loop, a triple lutz-double toe loop combination, a double axel-triple toe loop combination, a triple lutz, triple salchow and double axel.^[18]

Kim qualified for the 2007–2008 Grand Prix Final in Turin, Italy. She won the short program with 64.62 points and was placed second in the free skate earning 132.21. With a total score of 196.83 points, Kim won her second Grand Prix Final.

Kim did not compete at the 2008 Korean National Championships and the 2008 Four Continents Championships due to a hip injury.

With persistent hip injury and back pain, she competed at the 2008 World Championships in Gothenburg, Sweden. She was placed fifth in the short program with 59.85 points, but rebounded in the free skate to win the program with 123.38. She scored 183.23 points overall, winning her second consecutive bronze medal at the World Championships.

2008–2009 season[link]

Kim performing her short program to Danse Macabre at the 2009 World Championships.

Kim was assigned to the 2008 Skate America and the 2008 Cup of China Grand Prix for the 2008–2009 ISU Grand Prix season.

At the 2008 Skate America, Kim was placed first in the short program with a score of 69.50, standing out by the margin of 11.70 points despite a trouble in her double axel.^[19] She went on to capture the ladies title by winning the free skate as well with a score of 123.95. She won the event earning 193.45 points overall, a score that was more than 20 points ahead of silver medalist Yukari Nakano of Japan.

Her success continued at the 2008 Cup of China, where she received a score of 63.64 in the short program and 128.11 in the free skate, placing first in both of them. The combined total of 191.75 was nearly 21 points ahead of silver medalist Miki Ando of Japan. Her performance qualified her for a spot in the Grand Prix Final.

During the 2008–2009 Grand Prix Final, which was held in Goyang, South Korea, she was placed first in the short program with 65.94 points and second in the free skate where she earned 120.41 points. She won silver medal with a total score of 186.35 points, 2.20 behind Mao Asada of Japan.

Kim competed in the 2009 Four Continents in Vancouver, Canada. She set a new world record of 72.24 points in the short program with a clean performance.^[20] She scored 116.83 in the free skating program, keeping the lead with 189.07 points overall and winning the gold medal.

During the 2009 World Championships, held in Los Angeles, United States, she set another new world record of 76.12 points in the short program, surpassing her previous record by almost four points.^[21] She performed a triple flip-triple toe loop combination, a triple lutz and a double axel as well as earning a level four on all her spins and her spiral sequence. She also won the free skating program, scoring 131.59 points and showing great presentation skills with her artistry and her musicality. She executed a triple flip-triple toe loop combination, a double axel, a triple lutz-double toe loop-double loop combination, a double axel-triple toe loop combination, a triple lutz and a double axel. As a result, she set a new world record total of 207.71 as well as winning her first World Championship title and she became the first female skater to surpass 200 points^[22] under the ISU Judging System. Her margin of victory was 16.42 points ahead of silver medalist Joannie Rochette. She was the only competitor who earned eights in program components marks in both the short program and the free skate at the competition.^[23][24] Kim was the only female skater whose triple-triple combination was recognized by the judges in both the short and free programs during the 2008–2009 season.^[25][26]

2009–2010 season[link]

Kim performing her short program to the 007 James Bond Medley at the 2009 Trophée Eric Bompard.

Kim was assigned to the 2009 Trophée Eric Bompard and the 2009 Skate America in the 2009–2010 ISU Grand Prix season.

At the 2009 Trophée Eric Bompard, she placed first in the short program with the score of 76.08 points, 16.44 points ahead of Yukari Nakano. She successfully executed a triple lutz-triple toe loop combination, followed by a triple flip and a double axel. Her spiral sequence and all three spins were graded a level four. Opening with a triple lutz-triple toe loop combination and showing great artistic skills, she won the free skate scoring 133.95 points. She also executed a double axel-double toe loop-double loop, a double axel-triple toe loop, a triple salchow, a triple lutz and a double axel. She won the event with 210.03 points, 36.04 ahead of silver medalist Mao Asada. Kim set world records for the free skate and the overall score under the ISU Judging System at the competition.^[27]

At the 2009 Skate America, Kim placed first again after the short program with the score of 76.28, which was 17.48 points ahead of her closest competitor Rachael Flatt. She received +2.20 grade of execution for her triple lutz-triple toe loop combination,^[28] the highest ever given for jumps by the ISU in ladies' figure skating. She placed second in the free skate with the score of 111.70 points, due to mistakes in her jumps. Although it was one of her lowest scores, she still won the event with 187.98 points, beating silver medalist Rachael Flatt with a lead of 13.07. At the competition, she set a new world record again for the short program under the ISU Judging System.^[29]

Her victories in both Grand Prix events qualified her for the 2009–2010 Grand Prix Final in Tokyo, Japan, in December 2009. At the event, she placed second in the short program with 65.64 points, 0.56 behind Miki Ando. The next day, she won the free skate with 123.22 points. As a result, Kim won her 3rd Grand Prix Final title with a total of 188.86 points.

In February 2010, Kim competed in the ladies event at the 2010 Winter Olympic Games, where she captured Olympic gold.

In March 2010, Kim competed at the 2010 World Championships in Turin, Italy. Kim said she had struggled with finding the motivation to compete at the World Championships after winning the gold medal at the Olympic Games.^[30] Kim placed seventh in the short program with 60.30 points. She opened with a triple lutz-triple toe loop combination, but had problems with her layback spin and spiral sequence. She rebounded in the free skate to win the program with 130.49 points completing a triple lutz-triple toe loop combination, a triple flip, a double axel-double toe loop-double loop combination, a double axel-triple toe loop combination and a triple lutz, but having trouble with her triple salchow and double axel. She won the silver medal totalling 190.79 points.

2010 Winter Olympics[link]

Kim at the 2010 Winter Olympics medal ceremony

In February 2010, Kim competed in the ladies event at the 2010 Winter Olympic Games, held in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. She entered the Games as a strong favorite to win the gold.^[31]

In the short program on February 23, she executed a triple lutz-triple toe loop combination, a triple flip and a double axel. Her spirals and her spins were graded a level four. Her technical score of 44.70 points was the highest of the event. She also received superior scores in the program components, where she received 33.80 due to her interpretative artistic skills. As a result Kim scored 78.50 points, taking the lead by 4.72 over Mao Asada of Japan and achieving her best score in the short program. She set a new world record.^[32]

On February 25, she won the free skate with a score of 150.06 points, 18.34 ahead of Asada, who also came in second place in that segment of the competition. Kim landed a triple lutz-triple toe loop combination, a triple flip, a double axel-double toe loop-double loop combination, a double axel-triple toe loop combination, a triple salchow, a triple lutz and a double axel as well as receiving level fours for her spins and her spiral sequence. Combined with her grace and musical expression, both her technical score of 78.30 and her presentation of 71.76 were the highest of the night. She was the only competitor to earn nines in her program components scores.^[33] She set a new world record for the free skate under the ISU Judging System.^[34] Overall, Kim totaled 228.56 points, shattering her personal best and own old world record by a margin of 18 points.^[34] She won the gold medal, becoming the first South Korean skater to medal in any discipline of figure skating at the Olympic Games. Kim's gold medal was South Korea's first medal at the Winter Olympics in a sport other than speed skating or short track.^[35]

Kim's short program, long program and combined total scores in the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver were the highest scores ever since the ISU Judging System was created, and were automatically registered in the Guinness World Records.^[36] After the 2010 Winter Olympics, personalities such as Jacques Rogge ^[37] and Hillary Clinton^[38] praised Kim's Olympic performance.

2010–2011 season[link]

Kim was assigned to the 2010 Cup of China and to the 2010 Cup of Russia for the 2010–2011 ISU Grand Prix season. However, she chose not to compete in the Grand Prix series to focus on the 2011 World Championships.^[39] She won the silver medal at the event after being placed first in the short program and second in the free skating with a total score of 194.50 points, 1.29 points behind Miki Ando. She said she might miss the next Grand Prix series due to her work promoting South Korea's successful bid for the 2018 Winter Olympics.^[40] In May 2011, Kim told Around the Rings that bringing the Winter Olympics to PyeongChang would be an inspiration to young athletes in Korea.^[41]

Coaching change[link]

In August 2010, Kim and her coach of four years, Brian Orser, parted ways. Their split was first made known to the public by Orser's press release.^[42] Orser's dismissal was reported as "sudden and unexpected" and no explanation was given for the split.^[42] Orser made the separation public because he did not want it to become a distraction for his other skaters, including Americans Adam Rippon and Christina Gao.^[43] Rippon said in an interview that they had known about the situation longer than the general public, and had had time to deal with it, noting that "it hasn't affected Brian's coaching, and it certainly hasn't affected my training."^[44] Kim posted an online message accusing Orser of lying.^[45] She stated on her official website that they had been maintaining an awkward and ambiguous relationship for months and that she was perplexed by Orser's announcement. She also said that the dismissal had been her decision and that the reason behind it did not need to be made public.^[46][47] After the split, Orser gave several interviews regarding his dismissal.^[48][49] On August 25, 2010, Orser caused controversy by revealing Kim's 2010–2011 competitive program information to the press without Kim and her choreographer's consent.^[50][51][52] Soon after, Kim left the rink where she had trained with Orser to train at the East West Ice Palace in Los Angeles owned by Michelle Kwan and Kwan's family.^[53]

On October 5, 2010, Peter Oppegard was announced as Kim's coach.^[54]

2011–2012 season[link]

On October 18, 2011 Kim stated that she will sit out the entire 2011–2012 season.^[55]

Skating technique[link]

Kim performs a bent-layover spin during practice at the 2008-2009 Grand Prix Final.

Kim landed her first triple jump at the age of 10, and at 12, she used five triple jumps in her figure skating programs.^[56] When she was 14 years old, she landed her first triple-triple combination jump at the 2005 World Junior Championships.^[57]

Kim has executed three different triple-triple combination jumps in competitions: a triple lutz-triple toe loop,^[58] a triple flip-triple toe loop,^[59] and a triple toe loop-triple toe loop.^[60] She can also execute a triple lutz-double toe loop-double loop jump combination.^[61] She has received +2.20 grade of execution for jumps,^[28] and she has also received +2.00 grade of execution for her spiral sequence,^[62] steps sequence^[63] and spins.^[63]

One of Kim's most famous moves is the bent-leg layover camel spin. She has performed the spin position since 2004. Although she did not invent the move, it is now frequently called the "Yuna spin" or "Yuna camel".^[64][65][66]

Another signature move of hers is a layback ina bauer that she leads directly into a double axel jump, to a double axel-triple toe loop jump combination or to a double axel-double toe loop-double loop jump combination.

Kim is famous for her strong technical skills, mature artistry, elegance and for the great ice coverage of her jumps due to her high speed take-off. Her triple lutz-triple toe loop combination jump is known for its huge scale.^[67][68][69]

TV show[link]

In May 2011, Kim began to host a show called “Kim Yu-na’s Kiss and Cry”. The program portrayed the challenging process of ten popular entertainers as they learned how to figure skate from professional skaters. The ten stars included comedian Kim Byung-man, singer U-Know of TVXQ, Krystal of f(x), IU, Son Dam-bi, actors Park Jun-geum, Seo Ji-suk, Lee Ah-hyun, Jin Ji-hee and speed skater Lee Kyu-hyuk.^[70]

The winner of the show was Krystal of f(x) and her partner Lee Dong Hoon. The runner up was comedian Kim Byung-man and his partner Lee Soo Kyung. As a reward, Krystal and Lee Dong Hoon got to showcase their skating with Kim Yuna in the All That Skate exhibition that was held in August 2011.

The show aired on SBS.

Public life and endorsements[link]

Kim performs her exhibition to Méditation at the 2010 All That Skate LA.

Among Kim's official sponsors are Kookmin Bank, Nike, Korean Air and Hyundai Motor Company. Her other endorsements include Anycall (mobile phone), Hauzen (air conditioner), Lac Vert (cosmetics), Maeil Dairies Co. Ltd (dairy products), Saffron (fabric softener), Tous Les Jours (bakery), J. Estina (jewelry) and Qua (apparel).^[71] Her skating music and other favorites were compiled in the album Yuna Kim ~ Fairy On ICE ~ Skating Music (Universal Music Korea, 2008).^[72]

Kim was the headliner of the ice show 2008, 2009 and 2010 Festa on Ice produced by her former agency, IB Sports. IB Sports produced another ice show, Ice All Stars 2009, which took place in Seoul on August 14–16, 2009. Michelle Kwan, who is Kim's idol and one of the most decorated figure skater in U.S. history, joined the ice show.^[73]

In April 2010, Kim left IB Sports and set up her own agency called All That Sports Corp. (AT Sports) with the support of her mother.^[74] They organized an ice show, All That Skate.^[75]

Kim has appeared in many commercials in South Korea. Her commercial for a new touchscreen haptic phone from Samsung Electronics, dubbed as Yuna's Haptic (SPH-W7700), sold over one million devices in a record seven months.^[76][77][78] The "Yuna's Haptic" cell phone, released in May 2009 sold over 550 thousand devices in the first 80 days of sales. During the 2010 Winter Olympics, Forbes magazine named Kim, along with American snowboarder Shaun White, as the top-earning athletes participating in the Olympics with $7.5 million each to their name.^[79] In August 2010, Forbes magazine listed her as one of the highest-paid female athletes in the world, with annual earnings of $9.7 million.^[80][81]

Kim has worked in several projects as a singer. She recorded a duet with K-pop singer Lee Seung-gi to collaborate on "Smile Boy", the 2010 Football World Cup commercial song.^[82][83][84] She also sang with Korean band Big Bang on the single "Shouts of Reds" created for the Korean World Cup soccer team. Kim has also performed songs by Korean pop singers Taeyeon from Girls' Generation, IU, Narsha and BoA on the television show Kim Jung Eun's Chocolate.^[85]

Kim at the 2010 Time 100 Gala

Kim was named as an ambassador for the 2010–2012 Visit Korea Year.^[86] Kim has been rated as one of the world's most influential people in 2010 by TIME. In July 2010, Kim was named international UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador.^[87] She was also named an ambassador for the 2010 G-20 Seoul summit alongside actress Han Hyo Joo and soccer player representative Park Ji-Sung.^[88]

In August 2010, in honor of Kim's visit, the city of Los Angeles designated August 7 as "Yu-Na Kim Day" and granted her honorary citizenship. She also received the "Proud Korean Award" from the Korean American Leadership Foundation in the city on the same day as Sammy Lee, the two-time Olympic gold medalist in men's diving in 1948 and 1952.^[89][90][91]

In September 2010, Kim was invited to the United Nation's New York headquarter to mark the annual International Day of Peace celebration in capacity of UNICEF International Goodwill Ambassador.^[92] She joined the ceremony alongside high level UN officials including UN Secretary General Ban Ki-Moon and Goodwill Ambassadors representing other branches of the United Nations. There, she advocated peace messages from UNICEF.^[93]

In October 2010, Kim and her management All That Sports debuted 2010 All That Skate LA, a US version of their highly successful Korean ice show brand, All That Skate, at Staples Center, Los Angeles. The show, which was directed by renowned Canadian choreographer David Wilson and boasted an impressive all-star cast, including the five-time world champion Michelle Kwan, the reigning Olympic champions from three skating disciplines including Kim, and many world champions, received rave reviews from both figure skating fans and critics for bringing a new style of skating show to the US and also for its overall high quality production.^[94][95][96]

Kim won the Sportswoman of the Year Award from Women's Sports Foundation on October 12, 2010.^[97]

On January 28, 2010, Kim published her book, Kim Yu-na's Seven-Minute Drama, about her experience with figure skating since the age of seven to the preparation of 2010 Winter Olympic in Vancouver. The Chosun Ilbo stated that the book "deals with her attempts to overcome her obstacles and to become the world's top figure skater."^{[98][99][100]} In addition to this book, she also wrote a book called Like Kim Yuna, published on March 30, 2010. This book targets younger readers.^[101]

Kim played a key role in South Korea's effort to win the rights to host the 2018 Winter Olympic Games. Kim was part of the Olympic Bidding Committee for PyeongChang, the Korean hosting city. The Korean committee members including Kim traveled to Durban, South Africa, where International Olympic Committee (IOC)'s decision for the hosting city was finalized on July 6, 2011. There, she fulfilled her role as Korean delegation by promoting PyeongChang as an athlete ambassador and an Olympic champion.^[102][103] Kim was one of the eight Korean delegates who appeared before the July 6th IOC conference and delivered a presentation for Pyeongchang, which won the hosting rights over other rival cities, Munich of Germany and Annecy of France.^[104][105] In October 2011, Kim was appointed a member of the Executive Committee of the 2018 PyeongChang Olympic Winter Games Organising Committee.

In January 2012, IB Sports agreed to pay her 800 million won ($698,000) in arrears.^[81]

Donations[link]

Kim donated more than 2.0 billion won ($1.7 million) as of Oct, 2009^[106] and is continuing her effort in many ways. Her charitable contributions known to public include:

• Every Year since Jan 2007 – 12 million won scholarships to 6 young skaters after her first advertisement endorsement of Kookmin Bank.^[107]
• May 2007 – 10 million won scholarship to fellow skater Hyeon-Jung Kim after making a contract with LG Household & Health Care advertisement.^[108]
• September 2007 – 200 million won (100 million of her own + 100 million won additional contributions from Ivy Club) in form of school uniforms to low-income-family youths after making a contract with Ivy Club advertisement.^[109]
• December 2007 – 100 school uniforms (worth 20 million won) to youths damaged by Taean oil spill disaster.^[110]
• April 2008 – Visited Everland with 800 children from Seoul Boys Town on Kookmin Bank Volunteer Day.^[111]
• May 2008 – 50 million won (in addition to contributions from Daishin Securities) to young skaters after giving a talk to public at Daishin Investment Forum 2008.^[112]
• May 2008 – 40 million won worth of one-year provision of Maeil Dairies Company products to low-income-family youths.^[113]
• May 2008 – Participated in the recording of a humanitarian song "I Love Asia" Project to help earthquake victims of Sichuan, China.^[114]
• December 2008 – 100 million won worth of school uniforms to low-income-family youths after renewing her advertisement contract with Ivy Club.^[115]
• December 2008 – Over 1,000 dolls, she received at Grand Prix Final, to juvenile cancer wards in hospitals in metropolitan Seoul area.^[116]
• December 2008 – 50 million won to young skaters at "Little Yuna' Youth skaters support project" Campaign of Sports Toto Lottery Company.^[117]
• December 2008 – 144 million won, total amount of ticket earnings from the charity ice show "Angels on Ice 2008" to children with rare diseases and juvenile cancer patients.^[118]
• April 2009 – 100 million won worth of dairy products to low-income-family youths through the Seongname Welfare Center of World Vision.^[119]
• May 2009 – 100 million won and skate boots while participating in UNICEF Pigotta Doll Project to help children with immunization campaign.^[120]
• December 2009 – Her portrait rights for free to be included in the Christmas seals for tuberculosis eradication.^[121]
• January 2010 – 100 million won through UNICEF to Haiti relief.^[122][123]
• April 2010 – 50 million won, some part of earnings from Festa on Ice 2010, to ROKS Cheonan (PCC-772) victims who passed away in the ship.^[124]
• July 2010 – As a UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador, she thanked Haiti donors.^[125]
• August 2010 – $10,000 to UNICEF. It was the prize money awarded to Kim with her Proud Korean Award by the Korean-American Leadership Foundation in Los Angeles.^[126]
• December 2010 – $45,000 to children of families without parents through the Korean Committee for UNICEF.^[127]
• May 2011 – $27,000, her prize money from the 2011 world championships to help victims of the quake-tsunami disaster in Japan^[128]
• Dec 2011 – 10 million won to Yeon-Su Social Welfare Center of children's foundation to help children of multicultural families.^[129]
• Jan 2012 – 73 million won, proceeds from duet song "Ice flowers" song by Yu-Na Kim & I.U., to members of national figure skating team.^[130]
• Feb 2012 – 50 million won to 5 children of families without parents through the Korean Committee for UNICEF.^[131]

Programs[link]

Kim performing her layback spin during her exhibition to Méditation at the 2010 World Championships.

Kim performs a Y spiral in her exhibition to Only Hope at the 2008 Skate America.

Kim performs her signature layback ina bauer during her Reflection gala at the 2006 Skate Canada.