![Tito's brithplace in the town of Kumrovec, Croatia. Josip Broz was born on 7 May 1892[1] in Kumrovec, Croatia-Slavonia, Austria-Hungary. He was the seventh child of Franjo and Marija Broz.](http://web.archive.org./web/20110903092427im_/http://cdn4.wn.com/pd/d3/09/61fa6c6b5cbc0eaf2bb99cf25339_grande.jpg "Tito's brithplace in the town of Kumrovec, Croatia. Josip Broz was born on 7 May 1892[1] in Kumrovec, Croatia-Slavonia, Austria-Hungary. He was the seventh child of Franjo and Marija Broz.")
![Mitchell Courthouse, Baltimore Md. Clarence M. Mitchell, Jr. (March 8, 1911 - March 19, 1984) was a civil rights activist and was the chief lobbyist for the NAACP for nearly 30 years.[1] He also served as a regional director for the organization.](http://web.archive.org./web/20110903092427im_/http://cdn3.wn.com/pd/93/c2/12d61f4f71bf1373056a49ab0ca0_grande.jpg "Mitchell Courthouse, Baltimore Md. Clarence M. Mitchell, Jr. (March 8, 1911 - March 19, 1984) was a civil rights activist and was the chief lobbyist for the NAACP for nearly 30 years.[1] He also served as a regional director for the organization.")
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In some countries, especially the United Kingdom and Australia the labour movement is understood to encompass a formal "political wing", frequently known by the name labour party or workers' party, which complements the aforementioned "industrial wing".
In Europe, the labour movement began during the industrial revolution, when agricultural jobs declined and employment moved to more industrial areas. The idea met with great resistance. In the 18th century and early 19th century, groups such as the Tolpuddle Martyrs of Dorset were punished and transported for forming unions, which was against the laws of the time.
The labour movement was active in the early to mid 19th century and various labour parties were formed throughout the industrialised world. The works of Friedrich Engels and Karl Marx led to the formation of the first Communist International whose policies were summarized in the Communist Manifesto. The key points were the right of the workers to organize themselves, the right to an 8 hour working day etc. In 1871 the workers in France rebelled and the Paris Commune was formed.
The movement gained major impetus in the late nineteenth and early 20th centuries from the Catholic Social Teaching tradition which began in 1891 with the publication of Pope Leo XIII's foundational document, Rerum Novarum, also known as "On the Condition of the Working Classes," in which he advocated a series of reforms including limits on the length of the work day, a living wage, the elimination of child labour, the rights of labour to organize, and the duty of the state to regulate labour conditions. Following the release of the document, the labour movement which had previously floundered began to flourish in Europe and later in North America.
Throughout the world, action by the labour movement has led to reforms and workers' rights, such as the two-day weekend, minimum wage, paid holidays, and the achievement of the eight-hour day for many workers. There have been many important labour activists in modern history who have caused changes that were revolutionary at the time and are now regarded as basic. For example, Mary Harris Jones, better known as "Mother Jones", and the National Catholic Welfare Council were central in the campaign to end child labour in the United States during the early 20th century. An active and free labour movement is considered by many to be an important element in maintaining democracy and for economic development.
In 1891, localised labour parties were formed, by trade union members in the British colonies of Australia. They later amalgamated to form the Australian Labor Party (ALP). In 1893, Members of Parliament in the Colony of Queensland briefly formed the world's first labour government.
The British Labour Party was created as the Labour Representation Committee, as a result of an 1899 resolution by the Trade Union Congress.
While archetypal labour parties are made of direct union representatives, in addition to members of geographical branches, some union federations or individual unions have chosen not to be represented within a labour party and/or have severed ties with they.
This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
![Tito's brithplace in the town of Kumrovec, Croatia. Josip Broz was born on 7 May 1892[1] in Kumrovec, Croatia-Slavonia, Austria-Hungary. He was the seventh child of Franjo and Marija Broz.](http://web.archive.org./web/20110903092427im_/http://cdn3.wn.com/pd/d3/09/61fa6c6b5cbc0eaf2bb99cf25339_thumb.jpg "Tito's brithplace in the town of Kumrovec, Croatia. Josip Broz was born on 7 May 1892[1] in Kumrovec, Croatia-Slavonia, Austria-Hungary. He was the seventh child of Franjo and Marija Broz.")
![Mitchell Courthouse, Baltimore Md. Clarence M. Mitchell, Jr. (March 8, 1911 - March 19, 1984) was a civil rights activist and was the chief lobbyist for the NAACP for nearly 30 years.[1] He also served as a regional director for the organization.](http://web.archive.org./web/20110903092427im_/http://cdn2.wn.com/pd/93/c2/12d61f4f71bf1373056a49ab0ca0_thumb.jpg "Mitchell Courthouse, Baltimore Md. Clarence M. Mitchell, Jr. (March 8, 1911 - March 19, 1984) was a civil rights activist and was the chief lobbyist for the NAACP for nearly 30 years.[1] He also served as a regional director for the organization.")
