A name is a word or term used for identification. Names can identify a class or category of things, or a single thing, either uniquely, or within a given context. A personal name identifies a ''specific'' unique and identifiable individual person, and may or may not include a middle name. The name of a specific entity is sometimes called a proper name (although that term has a philosophical meaning also) and is a proper noun. Other nouns are sometimes, more loosely, called names; an older term for them, now obsolete, is "general names".

The use of personal names is not unique to humans. Dolphins also use symbolic names, as has been shown by recent research. Individual dolphins have distinctive whistles, to which they will respond even when there is no other information to clarify which dolphin is being referred to.

Caution must be exercised when translating, for there are ways that one language may prefer one type of name over another. A feudal naming habit is used sometimes in other languages: the French sometimes refer to Aristotle as "le Stagirite" from one spelling of his place of birth, and English speakers often refer to Shakespeare as "The Bard", recognizing him as a paragon writer of the language. Finally, claims to preference or authority can be refuted: the British did not refer to Louis-Napoleon as Napoleon III during his rule.

Etymology

The word "name" comes from Old English ''nama''; akin to Old High German (OHG) and Sanskrit ''namo'', Latin ''nomen'', and Greek ''ὄνομα'' (''onoma''), possibly from the Proto-Indo-European language (PIE): *nomn-.

In mythology

In Arthurian mythology, part of the code of honor and chivalry practiced by knights was that a knight who lost a duel must reveal his name to the victor. It was considered a breach of honor or decorum to reveal one's name ''before'' combat. A frequent topos in the legends is that a defeated knight would, after revealing his name, ask the victor what his name was: if the victor turned out to be a much stronger and more famous knight (e.g. one of Arthur's knights) the loser actually saved face, because he was beaten by a knight already held to be stronger than him, and thus there was no shame in defeat. However, if a strong and powerful knight was defeated, and the victor turned out to be a relatively unknown and not particularly strong knight, it was a grave humiliation.

As a result of this pattern, it was considered extremely odd within the rules of Arthurian society when a knight refused to take off his helmet or reveal his identity, even after he had won a duel. Sometimes this happened because the victorious knight simply did not know his own name, as was the case with Lancelot and Percival during their early careers. This inability to reveal their own names even in victory led many to assume incorrectly that they were trying to insult the vanquished.

A major exception to the rule was Sir Gawain: Gawain considered himself to be the greatest of his uncle Arthur's knights; he felt that his honor was so great that he did not need to hide his name before a duel. Thus at the opening of any duel Gawain would openly announce "I am Gawain", as he expected never to be defeated and so it would not diminish his honor to reveal his name.

In religious thought

In the ancient world, particularly in the ancient near-east (Israel, Mesopotamia, Egypt, Persia) names were thought to be extremely powerful and to act, in some ways, as a separate manifestation of a person or deity. This viewpoint is responsible both for the reluctance to use the proper name of God in Hebrew writing or speech, as well as the common understanding in ancient magic that magical rituals had to be carried out "in [someone's] name". By invoking a god or spirit by name, one was thought to be able to summon that spirit's power for some kind of miracle or magic (see Luke 9:49, in which the disciples claim to have seen a man driving out demons using the name of Jesus.) This understanding passed into later religious tradition, for example the stipulation in Catholic exorcism that the demon cannot be expelled until the exorcist has forced it to give up its name, at which point the name may be used in a stern command which will drive the demon away.

Biblical names

In the Old Testament, the names of individuals are meaningful; for example, Adam is named after the "earth" (Adamah) from which he was created. (Genesis 2)

A change of name indicates a change of status. For example, the patriarch Abram and his wife Sarai are renamed "Abraham" and "Sarah" when they are told they will be the father and mother of many nations (Genesis 17:4, 17:15). Simon was renamed Peter when he was given the Keys of Heaven. (Gospel of Matthew 16).

Throughout the Bible, characters are given names at birth that reflect something of significance or describe the course of their lives. For example: ''Solomon'' meant peace, and the king with that name was the first whose reign was without warfare. Likewise, Joseph named his firstborn son Manasseh (Hebrew: "causing to forget") as a gesture of forgiveness to his brothers for selling him into slavery.

Biblical Jewish people did not have surnames which were passed from generation to generation. However, they were typically known as the child of their father. For example: דוד בן ישי (David ben Yishay) meaning, David, son of Jesse. In a sense, they used their fathers' first names as their own last names, a practice done by most Muslims today. Similar to Jewish names, the "ben" is in place by "bin" or "ibn" for males, "binte", "binti" or "ibnu" for females to Muslims. Sometimes, names include "Al-", "Ali-", "-allah", "-lah/-llah" or "-ullah" as it means "a servant to God" or "God's servant". They would sometimes indicate the place they or their child live in.

Talmudic attitudes

The Babylonian Talmud maintains that names exert a mystical influence over their bearers, and a change of name is one of four actions that can avert an evil heavenly decree, that would lead to punishment after one's death. Rabbinical commentators differ as to whether the name's influence is metaphysical, connecting a person to their soul, or bio-socio-psychological, where the connection affects his personality, appearance and social capacities. The Talmud also states that all those who descend to Gehenna will rise in the time of Messiah. However, there are three exceptions, one of which is he who calls another by a derisive nickname.

Technical names for names

+ Names for names	! Name of a... !! Name of name
! Person	Anthroponym
! Place	Toponym
! Body of water	Hydronym
! Ethnic group	Ethnonym
! False name	Pseudonym
! Author writing under an assumed name	Pen name or pseudonym
! Item named after a person	Eponym
! Other names	-onym#Words that end in -onym

Naming convention

:''For Wikipedia's own naming conventions see [[Wikipedia:Article titles'' A naming convention is an attempt to systematize names in a field so they unambiguously convey similar information in a similar manner.

Several major naming conventions include:

In astronomy, planetary nomenclature

In classics, Roman naming conventions

In computer programming, identifier naming conventions

In computer networking, computer naming schemes

In the sciences, systematic names for a variety of things

Naming conventions are useful in many aspects of everyday life, enabling the casual user to understand larger structures.

Street names within a city may follow a naming convention; some examples include:

In Manhattan, roads that cross the island from east to west are called "Streets". Those that run the length of the island (North-South) are called "Avenues". Manhattan streets and avenues are numbered, with "1st Street" being near the southern end of the island, and "219th Street" being near the northern end, while "1st Avenue" is near the eastern edge of the island and "12th Avenue" near the western edge.

In Ontario, numbered concession roads are East-West whereas "lines" are North-South routes.

In San Francisco at least three series of parallel streets are alphabetically named, e.g. ''Irving, Judah, Kirkham, Lawton, Moraga, Noriega, Ortega, Pacheco, Quintara, Rivera, Santiago, Taraval, Ulloa, Vicente, Wawona''.

The same tendency is seen in the Back Bay neighborhood of Boston, Massachusetts, where Arlington Street is followed by roads to the west running parallel to it and named Berkeley, Clarendon, Dartmouth, Exeter, Fairfield, Gloucester, and Hereford.

In Washington, DC, east-west streets towards the south (toward the Potomac River) are lettered A, B, C,..., omitting J to avoid confusion on street signs and addresses, but after these are exhausted to the north, the streets are named with simple words in alphabetical order, omitting a few letters such as "x". The first cycle of names consists all of one-syllable words; then followed by a cycle of two-syllable words; then followed by a cycle of three-syllable words, and before these are exhausted, Maryland is reached. (Washington has north-south streets that are numbered, going from west to east.)

In Montgomery, Alabama, the old major avenues are named for the Presidents of the United States, in their order of entering office, omitting John Quincy Adams. Hence, these streets are Washington Ave., Adams Ave., Jefferson Ave., Madison Ave., Monroe Ave., Jackson Ave., but not much farther than that. This was just the old plan from a long time ago, and it was eventually dropped. For example, there is not a Buchanan Ave., a Lincoln Ave., or a Johnson Ave.

In Brampton, Ontario, different sections of town all have streets starting with the same letter and the alphabetical order reflects chronology.

In Phoenix, Arizona, roads east of Central Avenue are termed streets while those west are avenues. A similar system applies in Nashville, Tennessee, but only to the numbered avenues and streets, west and east of the Cumberland River respectively, all of which run roughly north-south.

Large corporate, university, or government campuses may follow a naming convention for rooms within the buildings to help orient tenants and visitors. Otherwise, rooms may be numbered in some kind of a rational scheme.

Parents may follow a naming convention when selecting names for their children. Some have chosen alphabetical names by birth order. In some East Asian cultures, it is common for one syllable in a two syllable given name to be a generation name which is the same for immediate siblings. In many cultures it is common for the son to be named after the father or a grandfather. In certain African cultures, such as in Cameroon, the eldest son gets the family name for his given name, also, giving names such as "Thomas Thomas" (but the names are not European names like this one).

In other cultures, the name may include the place of residence, or the place of birth. The Roman naming convention denotes social rank.

Products may follow a naming convention. Automobiles typically have a binomial name, a "make" (manufacturer) and a "model", in addition to a model year, such as a 2007 Chevrolet Corvette. Sometimes there is a name for the car's "decoration level" or "trim line" as well: e.g., Cadillac Escalade EXT ''Platinum'', after the precious metal. Computers often have increasing numbers in their names to signify the next generation.

Courses at schools typically follow a naming convention: an abbreviation for the subject area and then a number ordered by increasing level of difficulty.

Many numbers (e.g. bank accounts, government IDs, credit cards, etc.) are not random but have an internal structure and convention. Virtually all organizations that assign names or numbers will follow some convention in generating these identifiers. Airline flight numbers, space shuttle flight numbers, even phone numbers all have an internal convention.

Brand names

The process of developing a name for a brand or product is heavily influenced by marketing research and strategy to be appealing and marketable. The brand name is often a neologism or pseudoword, such as Kodak or Sony.

Literary names

In fiction, proper names of people or places are often unique to the work in which they appear. Although, within the work of fiction proper, the name may nonetheless be said to have a certain ethnic origin, the name itself may not actually exist. For example, the character of Ororo Munro (Storm of the X-Men franchise) is of African descent. Her first name, however is not an authentic African name. Names may also be created to either represent ethnic neutrality or corruption of a name with the passage of time. This is a common technique used by science fiction and fantasy writers who may also employ alternate spellings of existing names. Also, many science fiction operates on the premise that racial and ethnic boundaries will cease to exist in the future thus producing names that appear to be mixes of different ethnic sources. Yoshiyuki Tomino (creator of the anime Mobile Suit Gundam) is notable for creating character names that are unusual, exotic, and sometimes silly sounding. Examples include Char Aznable (which is actually based on a real person), Bright Noa, Quess Paraya, and Marvel Frozen. The science fiction writer Isaac Asimov has also created names which may or may not be variants or corruptions of existing or ancient names. Examples include Dors Venabili, R. Daneel Olivaw, and Giskard Reventlov. The Star Wars and Dune franchises contains many character names that juggle existing names with created ones; Leia Organa, Ben Kenobi, Paul Atreides, Vladimir Harkonnen.

Name Generator

A name generator is a program that uses language rules or word combining techniques to generate a list of names. Some common ones include finding your Jedi or stripper name.

.name domains

According to Verisign, the .name top-level domain name (TLD) is designed for individuals to create a presence and make online communications easy and accessible. Not exclusive to registrars, social networking and community sites may also offer .name registration to their members and customers as a value-added service to help establish an individual identity online.

Ethnic names

Arabic name

Bulgarian name

Chinese name

Dutch name

Family name

Finnish name

French name

German name

Germanic name

Greek name

Hebrew name

Hungarian name

Icelandic name

Indian name

Indonesian name, including single-word names

Japanese name

Javanese name

Korean name

Mongolian name

Pakistani name

Polish name

Russian name

Saint Thomas Christian names

Slavic names

Spanish name

Vietnamese name

Zimbabwean names

See also

Anthroponymy

Given name

List of adjectival forms of place names

List of most common surnames

Most popular given names

Name at birth

Name letter effect

Nickname

Number names

Onomastics

Palindromic name, such as Anna, Bob, Eve, Hannah, Nan, and Otto.

Patronymic

Personal name

Personally identifiable information

Popular cat names

Posthumous name

Proper name

Regnal name

Surname

Temple name

Unisex name

References

Further reading

"Names" by Sam Cumming, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (SEP), a philosophical dissertation on the syntax and semantics of names

Matthews, Elaine; Hornblower, Simon; Fraser, Peter Marshall, ''Greek Personal Names: Their Value as Evidence'', Proceedings of The British Academy (104), Oxford University Press, 2000. ISBN 0197262163

Name and Form - from Sacred Texts Buddhism

External links

Kate Monk's Onomastikon (Dictionary of Names) or Kate Monk's Onomastikon Names over the world throughout the history

The etymology of first names

Meaning of Names The etymology of first names

Category:Philosophical logic Category:Lexicography Category:Nomenclature Category:Concepts in logic

ar:اسم ay:Suti az:Ad bjn:Ngaran bs:Ime bg:Име cv:Ят de:Name el:Όνομα es:Nombre eo:Nomo ko:이름 hi:नाम hr:Ime id:Nama ia:Nomine is:Nafn kn:ಹೆಸರು ht:Non lb:Numm lt:Vardas jbo:cmevla mk:Име nl:Naam new:नां ja:名前 nn:Namn nrm:Noum pt:Nome ro:Nume qu:Suti ru:Имя sq:Emri simple:Name sl:Ime sr:Име su:Ngaran sv:Namn tl:Pangalan te:పేరు th:ชื่อ uk:Ім'я yi:נאמען zh-yue:名 zh:名称

Coordinates	56°09′″N40°25′″N
name	DeRay Davis
birthname	Antwan DeRay Davis
birth place	Chicago, Illinois, USA
yearsactive	2002–present
occupation	Actor, comedian
website	}}

DeRay Davis (born Antwan DeRay Davis) is an American stand-up comedian and actor. DeRay began his career in the comedy clubs. Shortly after moving to Los Angeles, He won the Comedy Central Laugh Riots Competition and was a standout on the Cedric the Entertainer Tour. Best known for his role as Ray-Ray the Hustle Guy in ''Barbershop'' and ''Barbershop 2: Back in Business'', Davis has also appeared in other films, including ''Semi-Pro'' (2008). Davis' television roles and appearances have included programs such as BET's ''ComicView'', MTV's ''Nick Cannon's Wild 'N Out'' and 'Short Circuitz'', and HBO's ''Entourage''.

The comedian also sounds on several skits on rapper Kanye West's albums ''The College Dropout'' and ''Late Registration'', and also appeared in West's music video for "Through the Wire." Other music video appearances for Davis include Lil' Flip's "Game Over", Chris Brown's "Yo (Excuse Me Miss)," and Three 6 Mafia's "Doe Boy Fresh."

Davis is the play older brother of R&B; singer Steph Jones.

Filmography

''21 Jump Street '' (2012)- Domingo

''Jumping the Broom'' (2011) - Malcom

''Life as We Know It'' (2010) - Lonnie

''Imagine That'' (2009) - John

''Semi-Pro'' (2008) - Bee Bee Ellis

''Frankenhood''(2008)-Motown

''How She Move'' (2008) - Himself

''Code Name: The Cleaner'' (2007) - Ronnie

''License to Wed'' (2007) - Joel

''Scary Movie 4'' (2006) - Marvin

''School for Scoundrels'' (2006) - Bee Bee

''The Seat Filler'' (2004) - E.J.

''Who Made the Potatoe Salad'' (2006)- Junebug

''The Fog'' (2005) - Spooner

''The Big Black Comedy Show'' (2004) - Himself

''Johnson Family Vacation'' (2004) - 310 Motoring Worker

''Barbershop 2'' (2004) - Ray Ray

''Barbershop'' (2002) - Ray Ray

''Play'd: A Hip Hop Story'' (2002)-Jaxx's bodyguard

References

External links

Official DeRay Davis website

DeRay Davis on Twitter

Category:African American film actors Category:African American comedians Category:American comedians Category:American stand-up comedians Category:African American television actors Category:Living people Category:Year of birth missing (living people) Category:People from Chicago, Illinois Category:Place of birth missing (living people)

nl:DeRay Davis

Chimo Bayo (Joaquín Bayo) was born in Valencia on 25 October 1961 and is a Spanish dance act from the eighties and nineties. A one hit wonder mostly known for their hit "Así me gusta a mí (X-ta sí, X-ta no)" which was a major hit in Spain, Greece and South America as well as reaching number one in Japan, Israel and elsewhere.

He was also famous for DJing first at ''Arsenal'', a club in Oliva, Valencia, and then in ''El templo'' in Cullera, further up the coast.

Chimo Bayo hails from Valencia, Spain. He was attempting to represent Spain in the 2010 Eurovision Song Contest with his song about the Valencia fallas, ''Fiesta del fuego'', but was disqualified at the last minute when it was discovered the song had been heard in clubs in Valencia prior to the 1 October deadline. In order to thank his fans for their support, Chimo Bayo is going to auction his head-mounted flashlights in a spanish online auction and shopping website. The money will be invested in the production of his new album "Revolución" which will be on sale this summer. The auction's winners will appear on the record credits as "Revolución"'s producers.

Discography (Singles)

Química

Así me gusta a mí (Xta-Sí, Xta-No)

Bombas

La Tía Enriqueta

Sources

La coctelera

Trivia

Chimo Bayo wore head-mounted flashlights in his shows since 1988 , and in an interview in MTV Spain in 2006 (minute 1:33) claimed that English duo Orbital started using the same flashlights after him.

External links

Interview with Chimo Bayo in MTV Spain

References

Category:Spanish DJs Category:Living people

ca:Chimo Bayo es:Chimo Bayo gl:Chimo Bayo ja:チモ・バヨ szl:Chimo Bayo fi:Chimo Bayo