Name	Tata Group
Logo
Type	Private
Company slogan	"Improving the quality of life of the communities we serve"
Foundation	1868
Founder	Jamsedji Tata
Location city	Mumbai, Maharashtra
Location country	India
Area served	Worldwide
Key people	Ratan Tata(Chairman)Cyrus Pallonji Mistry(Deputy Chairman)
Industry	Conglomerate
Products	Automotive, steel, telecommunications, metals, financial services, hotels, property development, energy, engineering products, consumer products, chemicals, information technology, retailing
Market cap	$105.05 billion (March 2011)
Revenue	US$ 83.3 billion (2010-11)
Net income	US$ 5.8 billion (2010-11)
Assets	US$ 68.9 billion (2010-11)
Num employees	424,365 (2010-11)
Owner	Tata Sons
Subsid	List of subsidiaries
Homepage
Intl	yes }}

Tata Group is an Indian multinational conglomerate company headquartered in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India. It is one of the largest conglomerates in India by market capitalization and revenue. It encompasses several primary business sectors: chemicals, consumer products, energy, engineering, information systems, materials, and services. Tata Group has operations in more than 80 countries across six continents and its companies export products and services to 80 nations. It comprises 114 companies and subsidiaries in eight business sectors, 27 of which are publicly listed. 65.8% of the ownership of Tata Group is held in charitable trusts. Companies which form a major part of the group include Tata Steel (including Tata Steel Europe), Tata Motors (including Jaguar and Land Rover), Tata Consultancy Services, Tata Technologies, Tata Tea (including Tetley), Tata Chemicals, Titan Industries, Tata Power, Tata Communications, Tata Sons, Tata Teleservices and the Taj Hotels.

The group takes the name of its founder, Jamsedji Tata, a member of whose family has almost invariably been the chairman of the group. The current chairman of the Tata group is Ratan Tata, who took over from J. R. D. Tata in 1991. The company is currently in its fifth generation of family stewardship. The group has more than 100 companies and Tata Sons is the promoter of all key Tata companies and holds the bulk of shareholding in these companies. The chairman of Tata Sons has traditionally been the chairman of the Tata group. About 66% of the equity capital of Tata Sons is held by philanthropic trusts endowed by members of the Tata family.

The 2009, annual survey by the Reputation Institute ranked Tata Group as the 11th most reputable company in the world. The survey included 600 global companies. The Tata Group has helped establish and finance numerous quality research, educational and cultural institutes in India. The group was awarded the Carnegie Medal of Philanthropy in 2007 in recognition of its long history of philanthropic activities. Tata gets more than 2/3 of its revenue from outside India. In June 2011, based on market value Tata Group has become India's wealthiest group with $98.7 billion.

History[link]

The Tata Group was founded as a private trading firm in 1868 by entrepreneur and philanthropist Jamsetji Nusserwanji Tata. In 1902 the group incorporated the Indian Hotels Company to commission the Taj Mahal Palace & Tower, the first luxury hotel in India, which opened the following year. After Jamsetji’s death in 1904, his son Sir Dorab Tata took over as chair of the Tata Group. Under Dorab’s leadership the group quickly diversified, venturing into a vast array of new industries, including steel (1907), electricity (1910), education (1911), consumer goods (1917), and aviation (1932).

Following Dorab’s death in 1932, Sir Nowroji Saklatwala became the group’s chair. Six years later Jehangir Ratanji Dadabhoy Tata (J.R.D.) took over the position. His continued expansion of the company into new sectors—such as chemicals (1939), technology (1945), cosmetics (1952), marketing, engineering, and manufacturing (1954), tea (1962), and software services (1968)—earned Tata Group international recognition. In 1945 Tata Group established the Tata Engineering and Locomotive Company (TELCO) to manufacture engineering and locomotive products; it was renamed Tata Motors in 2003. In 1991 J.R.D.’s nephew, Indian business mogul Ratan Naval Tata, succeeded him as chairman of the Tata Group. Upon assuming leadership of the conglomerate, Ratan aggressively sought to expand it, and increasingly he focused on globalizing its businesses. In 2000 the group acquired London-based Tetley Tea, and in 2004 it purchased the truck-manufacturing operations of South Korea’s Daewoo Motors. In 2001 Tata Group partnered with American International Group, Inc. (AIG) to create the insurance company Tata-AIG. In 2007 Tata Steel completed the biggest corporate takeover by an Indian company when it acquired the giant Anglo-Dutch steel manufacturer Corus Group. The following year the company made headlines worldwide when it ventured into the automotive industry.

Tata Group of Companies[link]

This section lists the Tata companies and details their business:

Philanthropy[link]

The Tata Group has helped establish and finance numerous quality research, educational and cultural institutes in India. The Tata Group was awarded the Carnegie Medal of Philanthropy in 2007 in recognition of the group's long history of philanthropic activities. Some of the institutes established by the Tata Group are:

The JRD Tata Ecotechnology Centre

The Energy and Resources Institute (earlier known as Tata Energy and Research Institute) – a non governmental research institute.

The Tata Group has donated a Rs. 220 crore ($50 million) to the prestigious Harvard Business School (HBS) to build an academic and a residential building on the institute’s campus in Boston, Massachusetts. The new building will be called the Tata Hall and used for the institute’s executive education programmes. The amount is the largest from an international donor in the business school's 102-year-old existence.

The recent The Brand Trust Report, 2011 has ranked TATA as the second most trusted brands of India.

One Tata project that brought together Tata Group companies (TCS, Titan Industries and Tata Chemicals) was developing a compact, in-home water-purification device. It was called Tata swach which means “clean” in Hindi and would cost less than 1000 rupees (US $21). The idea of Tata swach was thought of from the 2004 tsunami in the Indian Ocean, which left thousands of people without clean drinking water. This device has filters that last about a year long for a family of five. It is a low-cost product available for people who have no access to safe drinking water in their homes. The advantage of this device is that it does not require the use of electricity.

TCS also designed and donated an innovative software package that teaches illiterate adults how to read in 40 hours. “The children of the people who have been through our literacy program are all in school,” says Pankaj Baliga, global head of corporate social responsibility for TCS.

In 1912, Tata Group expanded their CEO’s concept of community philanthropy to be included in the workplace. They instituted an eight-hour workday, before any other company in the world. In 1917, they recommend a medical-services policy for Tata employees. The company would be among the first worldwide to organise modern pension systems, workers’ compensation, maternity benefits, and profit-sharing plans.

Trusts created by Tata Group control 65.8% of company shares, so it can be said that about 66% of the profits of Tata Group go to charity. The charitable trusts of Tata Group fund a variety of projects, for example the Tata Swach and the TCS project. They founded and still support such cherished institutions as the Indian Institute of Science, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, the National Centre for the Performing Arts and the Tata Memorial Hospital. Each Tata Group company channels more than 4 percent of its operating income to the trusts and every generation of Tata family members has left a larger portion of its profit to them.

After the Mumbai attacks, Salaries of then heavily attacked Taj Hotel employees were paid despite the hotel being closed for reconstruction. About 1600 employees were provided food, water, sanitation and first aid through employee outreach centres. Ratan Tata personally visited families of all the employees that were affected. The employee’s relatives were flown to Mumbai from outside areas and were all accommodated for 3 weeks. Tata also covered compensation for railway employees, police staff, and pedestrians. The market vendors and shop owners were given care and assistance after the attacks. A psychiatric institution was established with the Tata Group of Social Science to counsel those who were affected from the attacks and needed help. Tata also granted the education of 46 children of the victims of the terrorist attacks.

Controversies, and Environmental record[link]

Despite their public commitment to philanthropy the Tata group has attracted several controversies. Here are some:

Munnar, Kerala[link]

The Kerala Government had filed an affidavit in the high court saying that Tata Tea had 'grabbed' forest land of at Munnar. The Tatas, on the other hand, say they possess of land, which they are allowed to retain under the Kannan Devan Hill (Resumption of Lands) Act, 1971, and there is a shortage of 278.23 hectares in that. Ex.Chief Minister of Kerala V.S. Achuthanandan, who vowed to evict all government land in Munnar formed a special squad for the Munnar land takeover mission. However, later he had to abort the mission as there were many other influential land grabbers and faced opposition from his own party.

Kalinganagar, Orissa[link]

On 2 January 2006, policemen at Kalinganagar, Orissa, opened fire at a crowd of tribal villagers. The villagers were protesting the construction of a compound wall on land historically owned by them, for a Tata steel plant. Some of the corpses were returned to the families in a mutilated condition. When pushed for comment, TATA officials said the incident was unfortunate but that it would continue with its plans to set up the plant.

Dow Chemical, Bhopal Gas Disaster[link]

In November 2006, survivors of the Bhopal gas disaster were outraged by Ratan Tata’s offer to bail out Union Carbide and facilitate investments by Carbide’s new owner Dow Chemical. Tata had proposed leading a charitable effort to clean-up the toxic wastes abandoned by Carbide in Bhopal. At a time when the Government of India has held Dow Chemical liable for the clean-up and requested Rs. 100 crores from the American MNC, survivor’s groups felt that Tata’s offer was aimed at frustrating legal efforts to hold the company liable, and motivated by a desire to facilitate Dow’s investments in India.

Supplies to Burma’s military regime[link]

Tata Motors reported deals to supply hardware and automobiles to Burma’s oppressive and anti-democratic military junta has come in for criticism from human rights and democracy activists. In December 2006, Gen. Thura Shwe Mann, Myanmar’s chief of general staff visited the Tata Motors plant in Pune. In 2009, TATA Motors announced that it would press ahead with plans to manufacture trucks in Myanmar.

Land acquisition in Singur[link]

The Singur controversy in West Bengal led to further questions over Tata’s social record, with protests by locals and political parties(though the involvement of Mamata Banerjee's party is widely criticized as an act for political gains) over the forced acquisition, eviction and inadequate compensation to those farmers displaced for the Tata Nano plant. As the protests grew, and despite having the support of the Communist Party of India (Marxist) state government, Tata eventually pulled the project out of West Bengal, citing safety concerns. The Singur controversy was one of the few occasions when Ratan Tata was forced to publicly address criticisms and concerns on any environmental or social issue. Ratan Tata subsequently embraced Narendra Modi, the Chief Minister of Gujarat, who quickly made land available for the Nano project.

Dhamra Port[link]

On the environmental front, the Port of Dhamara controversy has received significant coverage, both within India and in Tata’s emerging global markets.

The Dhamra port, a venture between Tata Steel and Larsen & Toubro, has come in for criticism for its proximity to the Gahirmatha Sanctuary and Bhitarkanika National Park, from Indian and international organisations, including Greenpeace. Gahirmatha Beach is one of the world’s largest mass nesting sites for the Olive Ridley Turtle and Bhitarkanika is a designated Ramsar site and India’s second largest mangrove forest. TATA officials have denied that the port poses an ecological threat, and stated that mitigation measures are being employed with the advice of the IUCN. On the other hand, conservation organisations, including Greenpeace, have pointed out that no proper Environment Impact Analysis has been done for the project, which has undergone changes in size and specifications since it was first proposed and that the port could interfere with mass nesting at the Gahirmtha beaches and the ecology of the Bitharkanika mangrove forest.

Protests by Greenpeace to Dhamra Port construction is also alleged to be less on factual data and more on hype and DPCL's (Dhamra Port Company Limited) response to Greenpeace questions harbours on these facts.

Soda extraction plant in Tanzania[link]

Tata group, along with a Tanzanian company, joined forces to build a soda ash extraction plant in Tanzania. The Tanzanian government is all for the project. On the other hand, environmental activists are opposing the plant because it would be near Lake Natron, and it could possibly affect the lake's ecosystem and its neighbouring dwellers.

Tata was planning to change the site of the plant so it would be built 32 km from the lake, but the opposition still thinks it would negatively disturb the environment. It could also jeopardise the Lesser Flamingo birds there, which are already endangered. Lake Natron is where two thirds of Lesser Flamingos reproduce. Producing soda ash involves drawing out salt water from the lake, and then disposing the water back to the lake. This process could interrupt the chemical make up of the lake. Twenty-two African nations are against the creation of the project and have signed a petition to stop its construction.

Acquisitions[link]

Recognition[link]

The international brand consultancy Brand Finance has ranked the $68-billion conglomerate, Tata Group, as 50th most valuable brand in the world. The most recent Global 500 report by Brand Finance shows that despite the controversies, Tata Group's brand value has soared to $15.08 billion for the current year compared to $11.2 billion last year in 2010.

See also[link]

Pallonji Mistry

Noel Tata

Sir Dorabji Tata and Allied Trusts

References[link]

External links[link]

Fortune Magazine 2002 profile

Category:Companies based in Mumbai Category:Companies established in 1868 Category:Economy of Maharashtra Category:Economy of Mumbai Category:Conglomerate companies of India

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name	Indra Nooyi இந்திரா நூயி
birth date	October 28, 1955 Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
citizenship	United States
alma mater
occupation	Chairman & CEO of PepsiCo
predecessor	Steven Reinemund
awards

Indra Krishnamurthy Nooyi(Tamil : இந்திரா கிருஷ்ணமுர்த்தி நூயி) (born 28 October 1955) is an Indian-born American business executive. She is the current Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of PepsiCo, the second largest food & beverage business in the world (by net revenue). According to ''Forbes'', she is consistently ranked among World's 100 Most Powerful Women.

Early life and career[link]

Nooyi was born in Madras, Tamil Nadu, India. She was educated at Holy Angels' Anglo Indian Higher Secondary School in Madras. She received a Bachelor's degree in Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics from Madras Christian College in 1974 and a Post Graduate Diploma in Management (MBA) from Indian Institute of Management Calcutta in 1976. Beginning her career in India, Nooyi held product manager positions at Johnson & Johnson and textile firm Mettur Beardsell. She was admitted to Yale School of Management in 1978 and earned a Master's degree in Public and Private Management. While at Yale, she completed her summer internship with Booz Allen Hamilton. Graduating in 1980, Nooyi joined the Boston Consulting Group (BCG), and then held strategy positions at Motorola and Asea Brown Boveri.

PepsiCo executive[link]

Nooyi joined PepsiCo in 1994 and was named president and CFO in 2001. Nooyi has directed the company's global strategy for more than a decade and led PepsiCo's restructuring, including the 1997 divestiture of its restaurants into Tricon, now known as Yum! Brands. Nooyi also took the lead in the acquisition of Tropicana in 1998, and merger with Quaker Oats Company, which also brought Gatorade to PepsiCo. In 2007 she became the fifth CEO in PepsiCo's 44-year history.

According to ''BusinessWeek'', since she started as CFO in 2000, the company's annual revenues have risen 72%, while net profit more than doubled, to $5.6 billion in 2006.

Nooyi was named on ''Wall Street Journal'' 's list of 50 women to watch in 2007 and 2008, and was listed among ''Time'' 's 100 Most Influential People in The World in 2007 and 2008. ''Forbes'' named her the #3 most powerful woman in 2008. ''Fortune'' ranked her the #1 most powerful woman in business in 2009 and 2010. On the 7th of October 2010 Forbes magazine ranked her the 6th most powerful woman in the world.

Compensation[link]

While CEO of PepsiCo in 2011, Nooyi earned a total compensation of $17 million which included a base salary of $1.6 million, a cash bonus of $2.5 million, pension value and deferred compensation was $3 million.

Honours, awards and international recognition[link]

''Forbes'' magazine ranked Nooyi fourth on the 2008 and 2009 list of The World's 100 Most Powerful Women. ''Fortune'' magazine has named Nooyi number one on its annual ranking of Most Powerful Women in business for 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 and 2010. In 2008, Nooyi was named one of America's Best Leaders by U.S. News & World Report. In 2008, she was elected to the Fellowship of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.

In January 2008, Nooyi was elected Chairwoman of the US-India Business Council (USIBC). Nooyi leads USIBC's Board of Directors, an assembly of more than 60 senior executives representing a cross-section of American industry.

Nooyi has been named 2009 CEO of the Year by Global Supply Chain Leaders Group.

In 2009, Nooyi was considered one of "The TopGun CEOs" by Brendan Wood International, an advisory agency. In 2010 she was named #1 on ''Fortune'''s list of the "50 Most Powerful Women" and #6 on ''Forbes''' list of the "World's 100 Most Powerful Women".After five years on top, PepsiCo's Indian American chairman and CEO Indra Nooyi has been pushed to the second spot as most powerful woman in US business by Kraft's CEO, Irene Rosenfeld.

Nooyi was named to ''Institutional Investor'''s Best CEOs list in the All-America Executive Team Survey in 2008 to 2011.

! Year !! Name !! Awarding organization !! Ref.
2011	Honorary Doctor of Laws	Wake Forest University.
2011	Honorary Doctor of Laws	University of Warwick.
2011	Honorary Doctorate of Law	Miami University.
2010	Honorary Doctorate of Humane Letters	Pennsylvania State University.
2009	Honorary Degree	Duke University.
2009	Barnard Medal of Honor	Barnard College.
2008	Honorary Degree	New York University.
2007	Padma Bhushan	President of India.
2004	Honorary Doctor of Laws	Babson College.

Memberships and Associations[link]

Nooyi is a Successor Fellow of the Yale Corporation. She serves as a member of the Foundation Board of the World Economic Forum, International Rescue Committee, Catalyst and the Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts. She is also a member of the Board of Trustees of Eisenhower Fellowships, and has served as Chairperson of the U.S.-India Business Council.

Nooyi serves as an Honorary Co-Chair for the World Justice Project. The World Justice Project works to lead a global, multidisciplinary effort to strengthen the Rule of Law for the development of communities of opportunity and equity.

Popular culture and shows[link]

Nooyi has also been mentioned in two episodes of the hit CW show, Gossip Girl, where one of the main characters, Blair Waldorf plans to get an internship under her.

Personal life[link]

Nooyi is married to Rajkantilal Nooyi. They have two daughters and reside in Greenwich, Connecticut.

Notes[link]

External links[link]

PepsiCo corporate biography

Forbes Profile: Indra Nooyi

The Pepsi Challenge, profile Indra Nooyi (Fortune)

Reference for Business: Indra Nooho Leadership Biography

Video of discussion with Indra Nooyi at the Asia Society, New York, 4/14/2009

Category:1955 births Category:Living people Category:Tamil businesspeople Category:American people of Indian descent Category:American people of Tamil descent Category:Madras Christian College alumni Category:Indian Institute of Management Calcutta alumni Category:Yale School of Management alumni Category:PepsiCo people Category:Boston Consulting Group people Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan Category:Indian emigrants to the United States Category:Indian chief executives Category:Indian women in business Category:People from Chennai Category:Women business executives Category:American women in business

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Fname	Ratan Tata
Birth date	December 28, 1937
Birth place	Bombay, Bombay Presidency, British India
Residence	Colaba, Mumbai, India
Ethnicity	Parsi
Nationality	Indian
Alma mater	Cornell UniversityHarvard University
Occupation	Chairman of Tata Group
Years active	1962-present
Spouse	unmarried
awards
Signature	}}

Ratan Naval Tata KBE (Gujarati: રતન નવલ ટાટા; born 28 December 1937) is the present chairman of Tata Sons and therefore, Tata Group. He is also the chairman of major Tata companies such as Tata Steel, Tata Motors, Tata Power, Tata Consultancy Services, Tata Tea, Tata Chemicals, The Indian Hotels Company and Tata Teleservices.

Personal life[link]

Ratan Tata was adopted to famous Tata family, a prominent family belonging to the Parsi community. Ratan is the grandson of Tata group founder Jamsedji Tata. His childhood was troubled, with his parents separating in the mid-1940s when he was merely seven and his younger brother Jimmy was five years old. Their mother moved out and both Ratan and his brother were raised by their grandmother Lady Navajbai.

Tata started his schooling at Campion School and finished at Cathedral and John Connon School both in Bombay. Ratan Tata completed his B.S. in architecture with structural engineering from Cornell University in 1962, and the Advanced Management Program from Harvard Business School in 1975. He is a part of the Alpha Sigma Phi fraternity.

Career at Tata Sons[link]

When he returned to India in 1962 after turning down a job with IBM on the advice of JRD, he was sent to Jamshedpur to work on the shop floor at Tata Steel with other blue-collar employees, shovelling limestone and handling the blast furnace. In 1971, he was appointed the Director of National Radio and Electronics (Nelco), which was in dire straits when he came on board: with losses of 40% and barely 2% share of the consumer electronics market. However, just when he turned it around (from 2% to 25% market share), the Emergency was declared. A weak economy and labour issues compounded the problem and Nelco was quickly near collapse again.

For his next assignment, in 1977 he was asked to turn around the sick Empress Mills, which he did. However, he was refused a Rs 50 lakh investment required to make the textile unit competitive. Empress Mills floundered and was finally closed in 1986.

In 1981, JRD Tata stepped down as Tata Industries chairman, naming Ratan as his successor. He was heavily criticized for lacking experience in running a company of the scale of Tata Industries.

In 1991, he was appointed group chairman of the Tata group. As group chairman, he has been responsible for converting "the corporate commonwealth" of different Tata-affiliated companies into a cohesive company. He has been responsible for the acquisition of Tetley, Jaguar Land Rover and Corus, which have turned Tata from a largely India-centric company into a global business, with 65% revenues coming from abroad. He also pushed the development of Indica and the Nano. He is widely credited for the success of the Tata Group of companies, especially after the liberalization of controls after the 1990s.

In August 2007, Ratan Tata lead Tata Group's acquisition of British steel maker Corus. At that time, this was the largest takeover of a foreign company by an Indian company, and resulted in Tata Group becoming the fifth largest steel producer in the world. According to the BBC, however, some analysts criticized the move, saying that Tata Group had overpaid for Corus and had prioritized national pride before its shareholders.

Tata is set to retire in December 2012 to be succeeded by Cyrus Mistry, the 42-year-old son of Pallonji Mistry and managing director of Shapoorji Pallonji Group.

Honours, awards and international recognition[link]

Ratan Tata serves in senior capacities in various organisations in India and he is a member of the Prime Minister's Council on Trade and Industry. Tata is on the board of governors of the East-West Center, the advisory board of RAND's Center for Asia Pacific Policy and serves on the program board of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation's India AIDS initiative.

Ratan Tata's foreign affiliations include membership of the international advisory boards of the Mitsubishi Corporation, the American International Group, JP Morgan Chase and Booz Allen Hamilton. He is also a member of the board of trustees of the RAND Corporation, University of Southern California and Cornell University. He also serves as a board member on the Republic of South Africa's International Investment Council and is a member of the Asia-Pacific advisory committee for the New York Stock Exchange. In 2010, he joined BMB Group as an advisory board member.

! Year !! Name !! Awarding organization !! Ref.
2011	ABLF Lifetime Achievement Award (India)	Asian Business Leadership Forum Awards
2010	Business Leader of the Year	The Asian Awards.
2010	Honorary Doctor of Laws	Pepperdine University.
2010	Legend in Leadership Award	Yale University.
2010	Businessman of the Decade	Federation of Indo-Israel Chambers of Commerce.
2008	Honorary Doctor of Science	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur.
2008	Honorary Doctor of Law	University of Cambridge.
2007	Honorary Fellow	London School of Economics.
2007	Honorary Citizen of Singapore	Singapore government.
2007	Carnegie Medal of Philanthropy	Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
2005	Honorary Doctor of Science	University of Warwick.
2004	Honorary Degree of Doctor of Technology	Asian Institute of Technology.
2004	Honorary Economic Advisor	Hangzhou, China.
2001	Honorary Doctor of Business Administration	Ohio State University.

FIRST Award for Responsible Capitalism. 26th Robert S. Hatfield Fellow in Economic Education, awarded by Cornell University Recipient of the 'Global Indian Award' at the NASSCOM Global Leadership Awards 2008

References[link]

External links[link]

Ratan Naval Tata's chairman profile at Tata Group

Profile at ''The Guardian''

Ratan Naval Tata collected news and commentary at ''The Bloomberg Businessweek''

Ratan Naval Tata collected news and commentary at ''The Times of India''

Tata '59: The Cornell Story" YouTube video

Category:Cornell University alumni Category:Indian businesspeople Category:Businesspeople in metals Category:Tata family Category:Recipients of the Padma Vibhushan Category:Recipients of the Padma Bhushan Category:1937 births Category:Living people Category:Parsi people Category:Harvard Business School alumni Category:Industrialists Category:Recipients of the Maharashtra Bhushan Award Category:Indian Zoroastrians

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Name	Levon Aronian
Birthname	Levon Aronian
Country	Armenia
Birth date	October 06, 1982
Birth place	Yerevan, Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic, USSR
Title	Grandmaster
Rating	(No. 2 in the May 2012 FIDE World Rankings)
Peakrating	2825 (May 2012)
Fideid	13300474 }}

Levon Grigor Aronian (; born 6 October 1982) is an Armenian chess Grandmaster and the reigning World Blitz Chess Champion. On the May 2012 FIDE list, he had an Elo rating of 2825, making him number two in the world and third highest of all time.

Aronian won the Chess World Cup 2005. He led the Armenian national team to the Gold medals in the 2006 (Turin) and 2008 (Dresden) Chess Olympics and at the World Team Chess Championship in Ningbo 2011. He won the FIDE Grand Prix 2008–2010, qualifying him for the Candidates tournament for the World Chess Championship 2012, where he was knocked out in the first round. He was also the World Chess960 Champion in 2006 and 2007, the World Rapid Chess Champion in 2009, and is the current World Blitz Chess Champion.

Aronian was declared the best sportsman of Armenia in 2005 and was awarded the title of "Honoured Master of Sport of the Republic of Armenia" in 2009.

Early years[link]

Aronian was born on 6 October 1982 in Yerevan, Armenia, to Seda Sarkisovna, a mining engineer and Grigory Leontievich, a physicist. He was taught to play chess by his sister Lilit at the age of nine. His first coach was the Grandmaster Melikset Khachiyan. An early sign of his ability came when he won the 1994 World Youth Chess Championship (under-12) in Szeged with 8/9, ahead of future luminaries Étienne Bacrot, Ruslan Ponomariov, Francisco Vallejo Pons, and Alexander Grischuk.

Aronian holds a diploma from the Armenian State Institute of Physical Culture.

Career[link]

2001[link]

In 2001 Aronian scored seven out of nine in the Cappelle-la-Grande Open, half a point behind the joint winners Einar Gausel and Vladimir Chuchelov. A few months later, he won the Young Masters tournament at Lausanne.

2002[link]

In 2002 he won the Armenian Chess Championship. In the same year he became World Junior Champion, scoring 10/13 and finishing ahead of Surya Ganguly, Artyom Timofeev, Luke McShane, Bu Xiangzhi, Pendyala Harikrishna, and others.

2004[link]

In 2004 he progressed to the third round of the 2004 FIDE World Championship before being knocked out by Pavel Smirnov.

2005[link]

Levon Aronian became part of the international elite in 2005, shooting up to fifth place in the world. In 2005 he was part of a five-way tie for first place at the Gibtele.com Masters in Gibraltar with Zahar Efimenko, Kiril Georgiev, Alexei Shirov, and Emil Sutovsky. He was the sole winner of the Karabakh 2005 International "A" Tournament. In the Russian Team Championship, he scored with an Elo performance rating of around 2850. In December he beat Ruslan Ponomariov of Ukraine in the final round to win the World Cup in Khanty Mansiysk, Russia. After a draw in two regular games, Aronian won both Rapid games to win the event and emerge undefeated in seven rounds.

2006[link]

In March 2006 he took sole first place at the annual Linares chess tournament, half a point ahead of Teimour Radjabov and FIDE World Champion Veselin Topalov. In 2006 he also tied for first in the Tal Memorial. The April–July 2006 FIDE rating list ranked Aronian the number three player in the world.

2007[link]

In January 2007 Aronian shared first place at the category 19 Corus chess tournament in Wijk aan Zee along with Veselin Topalov and Radjabov. In May 2007 he defeated World Champion Vladimir Kramnik 4–2 in a Rapid chess match.

His 2005 World Cup victory qualified him for the Candidates Tournament of the World Chess Championship 2007, scheduled for May–June 2007. In this tournament he played GM Magnus Carlsen, and they tied 3–3 in the initial six games, then 2–2 in Rapid chess, and finally Aronian won 2–0 at Blitz chess. In the finals, he defeated Shirov 3½–2½. This qualified him for the final stage of the championship, which was played in Mexico. There, he scored only six points out of 14, finishing seventh out of eight players.

2008[link]

In January 2008 he won the prestigious Corus chess tournament jointly with Magnus Carlsen, scoring 8/13. In March 2008 he won the Melody Amber Blindfold/Rapid tournament held in Nice, France, 2½ points ahead of the nearest competitors. Apart from his first place win in the overall tournament, he also took sole first place in the Rapid section of the tournament (winning by a margin of 1½ points) and shared first place in the Blindfold section with three other chess grandmasters: Kramnik, Morozevich, and Topalov. In June 2008, Aronian won the Karen Asrian Memorial Rapid chess tournament in Yerevan. He finished 8½/14 ahead of Peter Leko.

2009[link]

In March 2009 he won the 18th Melody Amber Blindfold/Rapid tournament held in Nice, France for the second time, scoring a combined 14 points in 22 games. In the same year he took clear first place with four wins, one draw, and one loss in the second Bilbao Masters. On August 3, 2009 Aronian won the World Rapid Chess Championship. In November 2009 he competed in the Mikhail Tal Memorial, at the time the strongest tournament in history (in terms of average Elo, 2763). He finished fourth with 5/9, and in the final round memorably demolished World Champion Viswanathan Anand with the black pieces in just 25 moves. In December 2009, he was awarded the title of "Honoured Master of Sport of the Republic of Armenia".

2010[link]

Aronian played in the FIDE Grand Prix 2008–2010, and won the Grand Prix with one tournament to go, qualifying him for the Candidates tournament for the World Chess Championship 2012.

In August 2010, he attempted to defend the World Rapid Chess title, but lost to eventual champion American Gata Kamsky. In September 2010, Aronian played in the preliminary stage of the Bilbao Grand Slam in Shanghai against Vladimir Kramnik, Alexei Shirov, and Wang Hao, but could not qualify for the final tournament after losing to Kramnik in an Armageddon game after they drew the tiebreaker match. His next tournament was the Chess Olympiad, where he was Armenia's first board, leading them to a seventh place finish, winning the silver medal on board one, and raising his rating to a career-high 2794.

In November 2010, he finished shared first at the category XXI Tal Memorial. Following this tournament, he competed in the World Blitz Championship in Moscow, where he scored 24.5/38 to win the title ahead of Teimour Radjabov and defending champion Magnus Carlsen; Aronian clinched the title with a round to spare.

2011[link]

In January 2011, he tied for 3rd–4th with Magnus Carlsen in the 73rd Tata Steel Chess Tournament in Wijk aan Zee.

In March 2011 in Monaco, he won the 20th and final Melody Amber Blindfold/Rapid tournament for the third time, scoring a combined 15/5 points in 22 games.

Over his career, Aronian has a 5–1 record against Anand in classical chess. His high ranking and the fact that he was playing in the 2011 world championship Candidates tournament suggested that Aronian was a hot favorite for winning the title from Anand. However, Aronian suffered a setback by losing to Alexander Grischuk 2½–1½ in a quarter final Rapid play tiebreaker following a 2–2 split in their regulation classical matches.

In November 2011 Aronian played in the category 22 Tal Memorial in Moscow in a round robin with ten players. He won two games, against Ivanchuk and Svidler, and drew the rest. He tied for first with Magnus Carlsen, each scoring 5.5/9.

2012[link]

In January 2012, Aronian competed in the Tata Steel Chess Tournament in Wijk aan Zee; the field included world No. 1 Magnus Carlsen, defending champion Hikaru Nakamura, and former world champion Veselin Topalov, among others. The average rating of the field was 2755, making this thirteen-round event a category 21 tournament. After twelve rounds, Aronian was in clear first place with 8.5 points going into the final round, one point ahead of Carlsen and Teimour Radjabov. In the final round, Aronian drew against Radjabov with the white pieces in the King's Indian Defense. With the draw, Aronian finished with 9/13 (+5), a tournament performance rating of 2891, and took clear first place a point ahead of Carlsen, Radjabov and Fabiano Caruana.

Team competitions[link]

Aronian played for Armenia in the Chess Olympiads of 1996, 2004, 2006, 2008, and 2010. He took team bronze medal in 2004 and team gold medal in 2006 and 2008. In the 2010 Chess Olympiad he won the silver medal for his individual performance on board one. He was a member of the gold-medal winning Armenian team at the World Team Chess Championship in 2011.

Elo rating[link]

Aronian broke the 2800 rating barrier in the November 2010 FIDE world ranking with a rating of 2801. He is only the sixth player to cross the 2800 rating mark, joining Garry Kasparov, Vladimir Kramnik, Viswanathan Anand, Veselin Topalov, and Magnus Carlsen.

Standing on each top 100 FIDE list:

Rating list	! Rating	! World ranking
January 2003	2610	85
April 2003	2606
July 2003	2649
October 2003	2649
January 2004	2648
April 2004	2645
July 2004	2671
October 2004	2675
January 2005	2684
April 2005	2693
July 2005	2724
October 2005	2724
January 2006	2752
April 2006	2756
July 2006	2761
October 2006	2741
January 2007	2744
April 2007	2759
July 2007	2750
October 2007	2741
January 2008	2739
April 2008	2763
July 2008	2737
October 2008	2757
January 2009	2750
April 2009	2754
July 2009	2768
September 2009	2773
November 2009	2786
January 2010	2781
March 2010	2782
May 2010	2783
July 2010	2783
September 2010	2783
November 2010	2801
January 2011	2805
March 2011	2808
May 2011	2808
July 2011	2805
September 2011	2807
November 2011	2802
January 2012	2805
March 2012	2820
May 2012	2825

bold, new peak rating

Chess960[link]

In 2003 Aronian won the Finet Chess960 open at Mainz; this qualified him for a match against Chess960 World Champion Peter Svidler at Mainz the following year, a match which he lost 4½–3½. He won the Finet Chess960 open tournament again in 2005 which earned him a rematch with Svidler in 2006, and won the match this time 5–3 to become Chess960 World Champion.

In 2007 he successfully defended his title of Chess960 World Champion by beating Viswanathan Anand. He lost the title in 2009 to Hikaru Nakamura.

Internet Chess Club[link]

Aronian's handle on the Internet Chess Club (ICC) is "L-Aronian".

Personal life [link]

As of the end of 2009, his girlfriend is Australian Woman International Master Arianne Caoili.

Notable games[link]

Aronian, as Black, defeats GM Ivan Sokolov (2676) in 19 moves, using 10½ minutes on his clock:

Sokolov–Aronian, Turin 2006 Chess Olympiad 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e6 3.Nc3 Bb4 4.Qc2 d5 5.cxd5 exd5 6.Bg5 c5!? 7.dxc5 h6 8.Bh4 g5 9.Bg3 Ne4 10.Bxb8!? :10.e3; 10.Be5

10...Qf6! :10...Rxb8?? 11.Qa4+ +−

11.Bg3 Nxc3 12.a3 Bf5! 13.Qd2 Ba5 14.b4? Ne4 15.Qc1 Rc8!! 16.Ra2?! Rxc5 17.Qa1 (see diagram) Qc6! :The threat of back-rank mate is crushing.

18.Qe5+ Kd8 19.Qxh8+ Kd7 0-1 :If 20.e3, 20...Rc1+ 21.Ke2 Bg4+! and 22...Qc4#. Analysis by A. J. Goldsby.

References[link]

External links[link]

Levon Aronian at 365Chess.com

Grandmaster Games Database - Levon Aronian

OlimpBase

Biography of Levon Aronian

Interview with Levon Aronian

Aronian Interview: Hey Ladies...

Aronian breaks 2800 ELO

Category:1982 births Category:Living people Category:People from Yerevan Category:Armenian chess players Category:Chess grandmasters Category:World Youth Chess Champions Category:World Junior Chess Champions Category:Chess Olympiad competitors Category:Armenian State Institute of Physical Culture alumni

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name	N. R. Narayana Murthy
birth date	August 20, 1946
birth place	Mysore, Karnataka, India
occupation	Chairman Emeritus, Infosys
alma mater	University of MysoreIIT Kanpur
networth	$1.7 billion (2012)
spouse	Sudha Murthy
children	2 }}

Nagavara Ramarao Narayana Murthy, better known as N. R. Narayana Murthy, is an Indian industrialist and software engineer. He and six other engineers co-founded Infosys in 1981. Murthy served as CEO from 1981 to 2002. From 2002 to 2011, he served as the Chairman. In 2011, he stepped down from the board and became Chairman Emeritus.

Early life[link]

Born in Mysore, Karnataka on 20 August 1946, Murthy graduated with a degree in electrical engineering from the National Institute of Engineering, University of Mysore in 1967. He received his master's degree from IIT Kanpur in 1969.

Career[link]

Murthy's first job position was at IIM Ahmedabad, where he worked as the chief systems programmer. After IIM Ahmedabad, he started a company named Softronics in 1976. When that company failed, he joined Patni Computer Systems in Pune.

After settling down in Pune, Murthy founded Infosys in 1981with an initial capital injection of Rs 10,000, which was invested by his wife Sudha Murthy. Murthy served as the CEO of Infosys for 21 years and was succeeded by co-founder Nandan Nilekani in 2002. At Infosys he articulated, designed and implemented the Global Delivery Model which has become the foundation for the huge success in IT services outsourcing from India. He held the executive position of Chairman of the Board from 2002 to 2006, when he became the "non-executive" Chairman of the Board and Chief Mentor. In August 2011, he retired completely from the company and taking the title Chairman Emeritus.

Murthy serves as an independent director on the corporate boards of HSBC and has served as a director on the boards of DBS Bank, Unilever, ICICI and NDTV.

He also serves as a member of the advisory boards and councils of several educational and philanthropic institutions, including Cornell University, INSEAD, Ford Foundation, the UN Foundation, the Indo-British Partnership, a trustee of the Infosys Prize, and as a trustee of the Rhodes Trust that manages the Rhodes Scholarship. He is also the Chairman of the Governing board of Public Health Foundation of India He also serves on the Asia Pacific Advisory Board of British Telecommunications. In 2005 he co-chaired the World Economic Forum in Davos.

Personal life[link]

His wife, Sudha Murthy (née Kulkarni), is an Indian social worker and accomplished author. She is known for her philanthropic work through the Infosys Foundation. Her sister, Jayashree Deshpande is wife of enterpreneur and founder of US-based Sycamore Networks, Gururaj Deshpande. Murthy is the brother-in-law of serial entrepreneur Gururaj "Desh" Deshpande.

Awards and honours[link]

! Year !! Name !! Awarding organization !! Ref.
2012	Fortune's 12 Greatest Entrepreneurs of our Time	Fortune Magazine
2011	CNBC Lifetime Achievement Award	CNBC
2011	Forbes Lifetime Achievement Award	Forbes
2011	NDTV Indian of the Year's Icon of India	NDTV
2010	IEEE Honorary Membership	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.
2010	Man of the Year	GQ Magazine
2010	Foreign Associate Member	United States National Academy of Engineering
2009		Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars
2008	Padma Vibhushan	President of India
2008	Officer of the Legion of Honor	Government of France
2007		Government of United Kingdom
2007	IEEE Ernst Weber Engineering Leadership Recognition	Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
2003	Indo-French Forum Medal	Indo-French Forum
2003	World Entrepreneur of the Year	Ernst and Young
2002	Asia's Businessman of the Year	Fortune Magazine
2001	Wharton Business School Dean's Medal	University of Pennsylvania
2001	Nikkei Asia Prize	Nikkei Inc.
2001	Max Schmidheiny Freedom Prize	Switzerland
2000	Padma Shri	President of India

2006: In November 2006, TIME magazine voted him as one of the Asian heroes who have brought about revolutionary changes in Asia in the last 60 years. The list featured people who have had a significant impact on Asian history over the past 60 years and it included others such as Mahatma Gandhi, Dalai Lama, Mother Teresa, and Muhammad Ali Jinnah. 1999: BusinessWeek named him one of the nine entrepreneurs of the year.

Books[link]

''A Better India, A Better World'', Penguin Books, 2009, ISBN 978-0-670-08283-4

References[link]

External links[link]

Profile at Infosys

Profile at Forbes

N. R. Narayana Murthy Collected news and commentary at ''The Times of India''

Category:1946 births Category:Living people Category:Indian businesspeople Category:Recipients of the Padma Shri Category:Recipients of the Padma Vibhushan Category:Businesspeople in software Category:Kannada people Category:Indian billionaires Category:HSBC people Category:People from Bangalore Category:People from Mysore Category:Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur alumni Category:Infosys Category:Officiers of the Légion d'honneur Category:Asian Institute of Technology Category:University of Mysore alumni

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