IGN Entertainment, Inc.

180px
Type	Division of News Corporation[1]
Founded	September 1996
Headquarters	San Francisco, California, U.S.
Key people	Roy Bahat (President and General Manager) Peer Schneider (Senior Vice President for Content and Publisher)
Industry	Video game journalism
Owner	News Corporation
Employees	64
Parent	News Corporation
Subsidiaries	AskMen GameSpy Industries GameStats
Website	www.ign.com
Alexa rank	323 (March 2012[update])[2]
Registration	Free IGN Insider Founder's Club
Available in	English, German, Swedish
Current status	Active

IGN is an American global entertainment website that focuses on video games, films, music and other media. IGN's main website comprises several specialty sites or "channels", each occupying a subdomain and covering a specific area of entertainment. Videogame-related channels include PC Games, Wii, Nintendo DS, Nintendo DSi, Nintendo 3DS, iOS (iPhone, iPod Touch, iPad), Xbox 360, PlayStation 2, PlayStation 3, PlayStation Vita, PlayStation Portable, Xbox Live, Wireless, Retro, and Android games.

IGN's corporate parent is IGN Entertainment, which owns and controls separate sites, such as GameSpy, GameStats, VE3D, TeamXbox, Vault Network, FilePlanet and AskMen.

History[link]

IGN Entertainment's former headquarters in Brisbane, California.

Created in September 1996 as the Imagine Games Network, IGN was founded by publishing executive Jonathan Simpson-Bint and began as five individual websites within Imagine Publishing: N64.com (later renamed ign64.com), PSXPower, Saturnworld, Next-Generation.com and Ultra Game Players Online. In 1998, the network consolidated the individual sites as system channels under the IGN brand. Next-Generation and Ultra Game Players Online were not part of this consolidation; U.G.P.O. dissolved with the cancellation of the magazine, and Next-Generation was put "on hold" when Imagine decided to concentrate on launching the short-lived Daily Radar brand. Then-parent company Snowball.com held an IPO in 2000, which subsequently bombed with the burst of the dot-com bubble.

In June 2005, IGN reported having 24,000,000 unique visitors per month, with 4.8 million registered users through all departments of the site. IGN is ranked among the top 200 most-visited websites according to Alexa.^[3] In September 2005, IGN was acquired by Rupert Murdoch's multi-media business empire, News Corporation, for $650 million.^[4] Currently, the IGN website contains categories that include games, music, TV and film-related topics. IGN celebrated its 10th anniversary on January 12, 2008.^[5] IGN was headquartered in the Marina Point Parkway office park in Brisbane, California, until it relocated to a smaller office building near AT&T Park in San Francisco on March 29, 2010. On May 25, 2011, IGN sold its Direct2Drive division to Gamefly for an undisclosed amount.^[6]

Subsidiaries and spin-offs[link]

The role-playing video game interest website Vault Network was acquired by IGN in 1999.^[7] GameStats, a review aggregation website, was founded by IGN in 2002. GameStats includes a "GPM" (Game Popularity Meter) rating system which incorporates an average press score, average gamer score as well as the number of page hits for the game.^{[citation needed]} The Xbox interest site TeamXbox, and the PC game website VE3D were acquired in 2003.^[8][9] In 2005 IGN Entertainment merged with GameSpy Industries,^[10] the merger also brought the game download site FilePlanet into the IGN group; as of 2011 both FilePlanet, and the GameSpy website still operate as a video game related web sites. IGN Entertainment acquired the online male lifestyle magazine AskMen.com in 2005.^[11]

Scoring[link]

Original scale[link]

A member of the IGN staff writes a review for a game and gives it a score between 0 and 10, which is assigned by increments of 0.1 and determines how much the game is recommended. The score is given according to the individual aspects of a game, like presentation, graphics, sound, gameplay and lasting appeal. Each game is given a score in each of these categories, but the overall score for the game is an independent evaluation, not an average of the scores in each category.^[12]

IGN rarely gives a game a score of 10. Since the 1990s, IGN has awarded 10s to the following games:

1. The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time (Nintendo 64, 1998)^[13]
2. Checkered Flag (Atari Lynx, 1999)
3. Joust (Atari Lynx, 1999)
4. Shanghai (Atari Lynx, 1999)
5. Pokémon Red and Blue (Game Boy, 1999)^[14][15]
6. The Legend of Zelda: Link's Awakening DX (Game Boy Color, 1998)^[16]
7. Super Mario Bros. Deluxe (Game Boy Color, 1999)^[17]
8. Soulcalibur (Dreamcast, 1999)^[18]
9. Pokémon Yellow (Game Boy, 1999)^[19]
10. Mario Golf (Game Boy Color, 1999)
11. Sonic the Hedgehog Pocket Adventure (NeoGeo Pocket Color, 1999)^[20]
12. SNK vs. Capcom: The Match of the Millennium (Neo Geo Pocket Color, 2000)
13. Magical Tetris Challenge (Game Boy Color, 2000)
14. Metal Gear Solid (Game Boy Color, 2000)
15. Pokémon Gold and Silver (Game Boy Color, 2000)^[21][22]
16. The Legend of Zelda: Oracle of Seasons and Oracle of Ages (Game Boy Color, 2001)^[23][24]
17. Dragon Warrior III (Game Boy Color, 2001)^[25]
18. Grand Theft Auto IV (PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360, 2008)^[26]
19. Metal Gear Solid 4: Guns of the Patriots (PlayStation 3, 2008)^[27]
20. Super Mario Galaxy 2 (Wii, 2010)^[28]
21. Halo: Reach (Xbox 360, 2010) [The original UK review.] ^[29]
22. Red Dead Redemption: Undead Nightmare (PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360, 2010)^[30]
23. Pac-Man Championship Edition DX (PlayStation 3, 2010)^[31]
24. Chrono Trigger (Wii Virtual Console, 2011)^[32]
25. Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception (PlayStation 3, 2011)^[33]
26. The Legend of Zelda: Skyward Sword (Wii, 2011)^[34]
27. Infinity Blade II (iOS, 2011)^[35]

Later scale[link]

On August 3, 2010, IGN announced that the site would be changing to a new scoring scale. Instead of a 100-point scale, where games are scored in increments of 0.1, all future reviews will use a 20-point scale where games are scored in increments of 0.5. Under both systems, the maximum possible score a game can receive is 10.0. The scoring change is not retroactive: all scores on reviews written before the change will remain the same. This change also does not affect the scoring system for reader reviews.

Other sections[link]

In 2000, Snowball.com purchased an E-federation called the Internet Wrestling Organization (IWO).^[36] Since Snowball owned both IWO and IGN, IWO would go on to become IGN's first official E-Fed, even doing a column on the website. IGN For Men: This section officially closed down on October 2, 2001. It is no longer updated. IGN has sites such as IGN Stars and AskMen.com that fulfill much of the function of the old IGN For Men site. IGN Wrestling met its end in early 2002, when many of the staff departed. Interviews with professional wrestling personalities and coverage of wrestling games has been folded into IGN Sports, currently headed by Jon Robinson. IGN Sci-Fi: Largely dead since 2002, this section of the site included movie news, comic book reviews, anime coverage and other associated items. It has since been discontinued. The site, SciFI.ign.com, now redirects to the recently created SciFiBrain.ign.com, which covers some of the content of the old Sci-Fi site.

In 2002, IGN launched a dedicated videogame FAQs site specifically designed to host user-submitted guides.^[37] This was launched following the cancellation of affiliation with GameFAQs.^[38] In 2004, IGN launched GameStats, which serves as a more unbiased rating network, as it takes in scores from every corporately owned game rating site and averages them all into one score to give a general idea of the quality of a game. IGN also launched Direct2Drive.com in 2004. Its primary focus is selling digital downloads of full PC and Mac video games, as well as anime, comics and game guides. In 2005, IGN launched its comics site, which is devoted to not just the staple Marvel and DC titles, but also manga, graphic novels, statues and toys.

In 2006, IGN launched its television site. It provides interviews with various television celebrities, in addition to a TV schedule, TV trivia and TV news. Akin to IGN FilmForce, IGN's TV section has a variety of exclusive clips from upcoming television shows. In 2006, IGN launched regional versions of the site based in the UK and Australia, which both share the same information as the American site but with added content authored from editors within each respective region. When visiting IGN.com from either the UK, Australia or Sweden, the site automatically redirects you to your localised version using geolocation software. Each version of the site has a modified logo with the UK, Australian or American flags beneath the IGN symbol. On May 30, 2006, IGN Dreamcast was restarted; however, none of the Dreamcast updates were posted on the main IGN webpage.

In 2007, IGN launched its anime site. It provided features on anime and manga, including trailers and free episodes. It also included reviews of manga and anime from other sections of IGN, such as IGN Comics and IGN DVD. The anime channel was dropped after IGN redesigned the site. In 2008, IGN launched its Retro channel to mark IGN's 10th anniversary.^[39] To coincide with the release of Super Smash Bros. Brawl, IGN created Super Smash Bros. World Site. On the site, people can submit their user created stages from the game and download ones made by other people. IGN subsequently launched a similar website called GTA 'Hood on April 29, 2008, for Grand Theft Auto IV.

April Fools pranks[link]

On April 1, 2008, IGN released a movie trailer that parodied Halo (Xbox 360 exclusive) and has since been hated by the internet.

References[link]

External links[link]

	San Francisco Bay Area portal
	Companies portal

• Official website
• IGN Channel on YouTube

Stan Lee
Stan Lee in 2007
Born	(1922-12-28) December 28, 1922 (age 89) New York City, New York, US
Nationality	American
Area(s)	Writer, editor, publisher, producer, actor, reality show host
Notable works	Fantastic Four Hulk Spider-Man Thor Iron Man X-Men
Awards	Jack Kirby Hall of Fame
Spouse	Joan Lee (m. 1947–present)
Signature
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Stan Lee (born December 28, 1922) is an American comic book writer, editor, actor, producer, publisher, television personality, and the former president and chairman of Marvel Comics.

In collaboration with several artists, most notably Jack Kirby and Steve Ditko, he co-created Spider-Man, the Hulk, the X-Men, the Fantastic Four, Iron Man, Thor, and many other fictional characters, introducing complex, naturalistic characters and a thoroughly shared universe into superhero comic books. In addition, he headed the first major successful challenge to the industry's censorship organization, the Comics Code Authority, and forced it to reform its policies. Lee subsequently led the expansion of Marvel Comics from a small division of a publishing house to a large multimedia corporation.

He was inducted into the comic book industry's Will Eisner Comic Book Hall of Fame in 1994 and the Jack Kirby Hall of Fame in 1995.

Early life[link]

Stan Lee was born Stanley Martin Lieber in New York City on December 28, 1922, in the apartment of his Romanian-born Jewish immigrant parents, Celia (née Solomon) and Jack Lieber, at the corner of West 98th Street and West End Avenue in Manhattan.^[1][2][3] His father, trained as a dress cutter, worked only sporadically after the Great Depression,^[1] and the family moved further uptown to Fort Washington Avenue,^[4] in Washington Heights, Manhattan. When Lee was nearly 9, his only sibling, brother Larry Lieber, was born.^[5] He said in 2006 that as a child he was influenced by books and movies, particularly those with Errol Flynn playing heroic roles.^[6] By the time Lee was in his teens, the family was living in a one-bedroom apartment at 1720 University Avenue in The Bronx. Lee described it as "a third-floor apartment facing out back", with him and his brother sharing a bedroom and his parents using a foldout couch.^[5]

Lee attended DeWitt Clinton High School in The Bronx.^[7] In his youth, Lee enjoyed writing, and entertained dreams of one day writing The Great American Novel,^[8] He has said that in his youth he worked such part-time jobs as writing obituaries for a news service and press releases for the National Tuberculosis Center; delivering sandwiches for the Jack May pharmacy to offices in Rockefeller Center; working as an office boy for a trouser manufacturer; ushering at the Rivoli Theater on Broadway;^{[citation needed]} and selling subscriptions to the New York Herald Tribune newspaper. He graduated high school early, at age 16½ in 1939, and joined the WPA Federal Theatre Project.^[9]

Career[link]

Early career[link]

With the help of his uncle Robbie Solomon,^[10][11] Lee became an assistant in 1939 at the new Timely Comics division of pulp magazine and comic-book publisher Martin Goodman's company.^[11] Timely, by the 1960s, would evolve into Marvel Comics. Lee, whose cousin Jean^[12] was Goodman's wife, was formally hired by Timely editor Joe Simon.^[11]

His duties were prosaic at first. "In those days [the artists] dipped the pen in ink, [so] I had to make sure the inkwells were filled", Lee recalled in 2009. "I went down and got them their lunch, I did proofreading, I erased the pencils from the finished pages for them".^[13] Marshaling his childhood ambition to be a writer, young Stanley Lieber made his comic-book debut with the text filler "Captain America Foils the Traitor's Revenge" in Captain America Comics #3 (May 1941), using the pseudonym "Stan Lee", which years later he would adopt as his legal name. Lee later explained in his autobiography and numerous other sources that he had intended to save his given name for more literary work. This initial story also introduced Captain America's trademark ricocheting shield-toss, which immediately became one of the character's signatures.^[14]

He graduated from writing filler to actual comics with a backup feature, "'Headline' Hunter, Foreign Correspondent", two issues later. Lee's first superhero co-creation was the Destroyer, in Mystic Comics #6 (Aug 1941). Other characters he created during this period fans and historians call the Golden Age of comics include Jack Frost, debuting in USA Comics #1 (Aug. 1941), and Father Time, debuting in Captain America Comics #6 (Aug. 1941).^[15]

When Simon and his creative partner Jack Kirby left late in 1941, following a dispute with Goodman, the 30-year-old publisher installed Lee, just under 19 years old, as interim editor.^[16] The youngster showed a knack for the business that led him to remain as the comic-book division's editor-in-chief, as well as art director for much of that time, until 1972, when he would succeed Goodman as publisher.^[17][18]

Lee entered the United States Army in early 1942 and served stateside in the Signal Corps, writing manuals, training films, and slogans, and occasionally cartooning. His military classification, he says, was "playwright"; he adds that only nine men in the U.S. Army were given that title.^[19] Vincent Fago, editor of Timely's "animation comics" section, which put out humor and funny animal comics, filled in until Lee returned from his World War II military service in 1945. Lee now lived in the rented top floor of a brownstone in the East 90s in Manhattan.^[20]

He married Joan Clayton Boocock on December 5, 1947,^[21] and in 1949, the couple bought a two-story, three-bedroom home at 1084 West Broadway in Woodmere, New York, on Long Island, living there through 1952.^[22] By this time, the couple had daughter Joan Celia "J.C." Lee, born in 1950; another child, Jan Lee, died three days after delivery in 1953.^[23] Lee by this time had bought a home at 226 Richards Lane in the Long Island town of Hewlett Harbor, New York, where he and his family lived from 1952 to 1980,^[24] including the 1960s period when Lee and his artist collaborators would revolutionize comic books.

In the mid-1950s, by which time the company was now generally known as Atlas Comics, Lee wrote stories in a variety of genres including romance, Westerns, humor, science fiction, medieval adventure, horror and suspense. By the end of the decade, Lee had become dissatisfied with his career and considered quitting the field.^[25][26]

Marvel revolution[link]

In the late 1950s, DC Comics editor Julius Schwartz revived the superhero archetype and experienced a significant success with its updated version of the Flash, and later with super-team the Justice League of America. In response, publisher Martin Goodman assigned Lee to create a new superhero team. Lee's wife urged him to experiment with stories he preferred, since he was planning on changing careers and had nothing to lose.^[25][26]

Lee acted on that advice, giving his superheroes a flawed humanity, a change from the ideal archetypes that were typically written for preteens. Before this, most superheroes were idealistically perfect people with no serious, lasting problems.^[27] Lee introduced complex, naturalistic characters^[28] who could have bad tempers, fits of melancholy, vanity; they bickered amongst themselves, worried about paying their bills and impressing girlfriends, got bored or even were sometimes physically ill.

The first superhero group Lee and artist Jack Kirby created was the Fantastic Four. The team's immediate popularity led Lee and Marvel's illustrators to produce a cavalcade of new titles. With Kirby primarily, Lee created the Hulk, Iron Man, Thor and the X-Men; with Bill Everett, Daredevil; and with Steve Ditko, Doctor Strange and Marvel's most successful character, Spider-Man, all of whom lived in a thoroughly shared universe.^[29]

Comics historian Peter Sanderson wrote that in the 1960s:

DC was the equivalent of the big Hollywood studios: After the brilliance of DC's reinvention of the superhero ... in the late 1950s and early 1960s, it had run into a creative drought by the decade's end. There was a new audience for comics now, and it wasn't just the little kids that traditionally had read the books. The Marvel of the 1960s was in its own way the counterpart of the French New Wave.... Marvel was pioneering new methods of comics storytelling and characterization, addressing more serious themes, and in the process keeping and attracting readers in their teens and beyond. Moreover, among this new generation of readers were people who wanted to write or draw comics themselves, within the new style that Marvel had pioneered, and push the creative envelope still further.^[30]

Stan Lee's Marvel revolution extended beyond the characters and storylines to the way in which comic books engaged the readership and built a sense of community between fans and creators.^[31] Lee introduced the practice of including a credit panel on the splash page of each story, naming not just the writer and penciller but also the inker and letterer. Regular news about Marvel staff members and upcoming storylines was presented on the Bullpen Bulletins page, which (like the letter columns that appeared in each title) was written in a friendly, chatty style.

Throughout the 1960s, Lee scripted, art-directed, and edited most of Marvel's series, moderated the letters pages, wrote a monthly column called "Stan's Soapbox," and wrote endless promotional copy, often signing off with his trademark phrase "Excelsior!" (which is also the New York state motto). To maintain his taxing workload, yet still meet deadlines, he used a system that was used previously by various comic-book studios, but due to Lee's success with it, became known as the "Marvel Method" or "Marvel style" of comic-book creation. Typically, Lee would brainstorm a story with the artist and then prepare a brief synopsis rather than a full script. Based on the synopsis, the artist would fill the allotted number of pages by determining and drawing the panel-to-panel storytelling. After the artist turned in penciled pages, Lee would write the word balloons and captions, and then oversee the lettering and coloring. In effect, the artists were co-plotters, whose collaborative first drafts Lee built upon.

Because of this system, the exact division of creative credits on Lee's comics has been disputed, especially in cases of comics drawn by Kirby and Ditko. Lee shares co-creator credit with Kirby and Ditko on, respectively, the Fantastic Four and Spider-Man feature film series.

In 1971, Lee indirectly helped reform the Comics Code.^[32] The US Department of Health, Education and Welfare had asked Lee to write a comic-book story about the dangers of drugs and Lee conceived a three-issue subplot in The Amazing Spider-Man #96–98 (cover-dated May–July 1971), in which Peter Parker's best friend becomes addicted to pills. The Comics Code Authority refused to grant its seal because the stories depicted drug use; the anti-drug context was considered irrelevant. With Goodman's cooperation and confident that the original government request would give him credibility, Lee had the story published without the seal. The comics sold well and Marvel won praise for its socially conscious efforts. The CCA subsequently loosened the Code to permit negative depictions of drugs, among other new freedoms.^[33]

Lee also supported using comic books to provide some measure of social commentary about the real world, often dealing with racism and bigotry. "Stan's Soapbox", besides promoting an upcoming comic book project, also addressed issues of discrimination, intolerance, or prejudice.^[34][35]

Later career[link]

Signed photo of Lee at the 1975 San Diego Comic Con.

In later years, Lee became a figurehead and public face for Marvel Comics. He made appearances at comic book conventions around America, lecturing at colleges and participating in panel discussions. By this time he owned a vacation home on Cutler Lane in Remsenburg, New York^[36] and, from 1975 to 1980, a two-bedroom condominium on the 14th floor of 220 East 63rd Street in Manhattan.^[37] He moved to California in 1981 to develop Marvel's TV and movie properties. He has been an executive producer for, and has made cameo appearances in, Marvel film adaptations and other movies. He and his wife bought a home in West Hollywood, California previously owned by comedian Jack Benny's radio announcer, Don Wilson.^[38] Lee was briefly president of the entire company, but soon stepped down to become publisher instead, finding that being president was too much about numbers and finance and not enough about the creative process he enjoyed.^[39]

Peter Paul and Lee began to start a new Internet-based superhero creation, production and marketing studio, Stan Lee Media, in 1998. It grew to 165 people and went public, but near the end of 2000, investigators discovered illegal stock manipulation by Paul and corporate officer Stephan Gordon.^[40] Stan Lee Media filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in February 2001.^[41] Paul was extradited to the U.S. from Brazil, and pleaded guilty to violating SEC Rule 10b-5 in connection with trading of his stock in Stan Lee Media.^[42][43] Lee was never implicated in the scheme.

In the 2000s, Lee did his first work for DC Comics, launching the Just Imagine... series, in which Lee reimagined the DC superheroes Superman, Batman, Wonder Woman, Green Lantern and the Flash.^[44]

In 2001, Lee, Gill Champion and Arthur Lieberman formed POW! (Purveyors of Wonder) Entertainment to develop film, television and video game properties. Lee created the risqué animated superhero series Stripperella for Spike TV. In 2004 he announced a superhero program that would feature Ringo Starr, the former Beatle, as the lead character.^[45] Additionally, in August of that year, Lee announced the launch of Stan Lee's Sunday Comics,^[46] hosted by Komikwerks.com, where monthly subscribers could read a new, updated comic and "Stan's Soapbox" every Sunday. The column has not been updated since February 15, 2005.

In 2006, Marvel commemorated Lee's 65 years with the company by publishing a series of one-shot comics starring Lee himself meeting and interacting with many of his co-creations, including Spider-Man, Doctor Strange, the Thing, Silver Surfer and Doctor Doom. These comics also featured short pieces by such comics creators as Joss Whedon and Fred Hembeck, as well as reprints of classic Lee-written adventures.^{[citation needed]}

On March 15, 2007, Stan Lee Media's new president, Jim Nesfield, filed a lawsuit against Marvel Entertainment for $5 billion, claiming that the company is co-owner of the characters that Lee created for Marvel.^[47] On June 9, 2007, Stan Lee Media sued Lee; his newer company, POW! Entertainment; POW! subsidiary QED Entertainment; and other former Stan Lee Media staff at POW!^[48]

In 2008, Lee wrote humorous captions for the political fumetti book Stan Lee Presents Election Daze: What Are They Really Saying?.^[49] In April of that year, at the New York Comic Con, Viz Media announced that Lee and Hiroyuki Takei were collaborating on the manga Karakuridôji Ultimo, from parent company Shueisha.^[50] That same month, Brighton Partners and Rainmaker Animation announced a partnership POW! to produce a CGI film series, Legion of 5.^[51] That same month, Virgin Comics announced Lee would create a line of superhero comics for that company.^[52] He is also working on a TV adaptation of the novel Hero.^[53] He wrote the foreword to the 2010 non-fiction e-book memoir Skyscraperman by skyscraper fire-safety advocate Dan Goodwin, who had climbed skyscrapers dressed as Spider-Man.^[54]

Lee promoting Stan Lee's Kids Universe at the 2011 New York Comic Con.

In 2009, he and the Japanese company Bones produced its first manga feature, Heroman, serialized in Square Enix's Monthly Shōnen Gangan; the feature was adapted to anime in April 2010.^[55][56]

In October 2010, Lee's SLG Entertainment partnered with Guardian Media Entertainment on The Guardian Project to create superhero mascots for the National Hockey League.^[57]

In August 2011, Lee announced his support for the Eagle Initiative, a program to find new talent in the comic book field.^[58]

In 2011, Lee was writing a live-action musical, The Yin and Yang Battle of Tao.^[59] In October, Lee announced he would partner with 1821 Comics on a multimedia imprint for children, Stan Lee’s Kids Universe, a move he said addressed the lack of comic books targeted for children; and that he was collaborating with the company on its futuristic graphic novel Romeo & Juliet: The War, by writer Max Work and artist Skan Srisuwan.^[60][61]

Action figure[link]

At the 2007 Comic-Con International, Marvel Legends introduced a Stan Lee action figure. The body beneath the figure's removable cloth wardrobe is a re-used mold of a previously released Spider-Man action figure, with only minor changes.^[62]

Charity work[link]

The Stan Lee Foundation was founded in 2010 to focus on literacy, education and the arts. Its stated goals include supporting programs and ideas that improve access to literacy resources, as well as promoting diversity, national literacy, culture and the arts.^[63]

Stan Lee has donated portions of his personal effects to the University of Wyoming at various times, between 1981 and 2001.^[64]

Awards and honors[link]

• Lee has received several awards for his work, including being inducted into the comic book industry's Will Eisner Comic Book Hall of Fame in 1994 and the Jack Kirby Hall of Fame in 1995.
• On November 17, 2008, Stan Lee was awarded the National Medal of Arts.^[34][65]
• The County of Los Angeles declared October 2, 2009 Stan Lee Day.^[66]
• The City of Long Beach declared October 2, 2009 Stan Lee Day.^[66]
• Lee won the Comic-Con Icon Award 2009 at Scream Awards.^[67]
• Lee received the 2,428th star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame on January 4, 2011.
• On January 21, 2012, Lee received the Vanguard Award from the Producers Guild of America.^[68]

Fictional portrayals[link]

Stan Lee and his collaborator Jack Kirby appear as themselves in The Fantastic Four No.10 (January 1963), the first of several appearances within the fictional Marvel Universe.^[69] The two are depicted as similar to their real-world counterparts, creating comic books based on the "real" adventures of the Fantastic Four.

Kirby later portrayed himself, Lee, production executive Sol Brodsky, and Lee's secretary Flo Steinberg as superheroes in What If #11, "What If the Marvel Bullpen Had Become the Fantastic Four?", in which Lee played the part of Mister Fantastic. Lee has also made numerous cameo appearances in many Marvel titles, appearing in audiences and crowds at many characters' ceremonies and parties, and hosting an old-soldiers reunion in Sgt. Fury and his Howling Commandos No.100 (July 1972). Lee appeared, unnamed, as the priest at Luke Cage and Jessica Jones' wedding in New Avengers Annual #1. He pays his respects to Karen Page at her funeral in the Daredevil "Guardian Devil" story arc,^{[volume & issue needed]} and appears in The Amazing Spider-Man (June 1977).

In Marvel's July 1997 "Flashback" event, a top-hatted caricature of Lee as a ringmaster introduced stories which detailed events in Marvel characters' lives before they became superheroes, in special "-1" editions of many Marvel titles. The "ringmaster" depiction of Lee was originally from Generation X #17 (July 1996), where the character narrated a story set primarily in an abandoned circus. Though the story itself was written by Scott Lobdell, the narration by "Ringmaster Stan" was written by Lee, and the character was drawn in that issue by Chris Bachalo.

Under his given name of Stanley Lieber, Stan Lee appears briefly in Paul Malmont's 2006 novel The Chinatown Death Cloud Peril.^{[citation needed]}

Lee and other comics creators are mentioned on page 479 of Michael Chabon's 2000 novel about the comics industry The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier and Clay. Chabon also acknowledges a debt to Lee and other creators on the book's Author's Note page.

On one of the last pages of Truth: Red, White, and Black, Lee appears in a real photograph among other celebrities on a wall of the Bradley home.^{[citation needed]}

In Stan Lee Meets Superheroes, which Lee wrote, he comes in to contact with some of his favorite creations.

Stan Lee and Jack Kirby appear as professors in Marvel Adventures Spider-Man #19.

Film and television appearances[link]

Marvel television[link]

• One of Lee's earliest contributions to animation based on Marvel properties was narrating the 1980s Incredible Hulk animated series, always beginning his narration with a self-introduction and ending with "This is Stan Lee saying, Excelsior!" Lee had previously narrated the "Seven Little Superheroes" episode of Spider-Man and His Amazing Friends, which the Hulk series was paired with for broadcast.
• Lee did the narration for the original 1989 X-Men animated series pilot titled X-Men: Pryde of the X-Men.
• Lee was an executive producer of the 1990s animated TV series Spider-Man. He appeared as himself in animated form in the series finale episode titled "Farewell, Spider-Man". Spider-Man is transported by Madame Web into the "real" world where he is a fictional character. He meets Lee and the two swing around until Spider-Man drops him off on top of a building; Madame Web appears and brings Spider-Man back to his homeworld. Realizing he is stuck on a roof, Lee muses, hoping the Fantastic Four will show up and lend a hand.
• He also voices the character "Frank Elson" in an episode of Spider-Man: The New Animated Series series broadcast by MTV in 2003, and titled "Mind Games" (Parts 1 & 2, originally aired on August 15 & 22, 2003).
• He voiced a loading dock worker named Stan on The Spectacular Spider-Man in the episode "Blueprints".
• In the pilot episode of The Superhero Squad Show, Lee voices the mayor of the city, preparing to give away the city's key when disaster strikes.
• Lee has appeared in episodes of the Disney XD TV series Ultimate Spider-Man as a high school janitor named Stan, in which he makes references to Lee's real-life career. In the pilot, "Great Power", he mentions Irving Forbush, a character Lee co-created in 1955 as a literary device.^[70] He appears in Episode 6, "Why I Hate Gym".^[71]

Marvel films[link]

Lee has had cameo appearances in many films based on Marvel characters that he created or co-created:

• In the TV-movie The Trial of the Incredible Hulk (1989), Lee's first appearance in a Marvel movie or TV project is as a jury foreman in the trial of Dr. David Banner.
• In X-Men (2000), Lee appears as a hotdog stand vendor on the beach when Senator Kelly emerges naked onshore after escaping from Magneto.
• In Spider-Man (2002), he appeared during Spider-Man's first battle with the Green Goblin, pulling a little girl away from falling debris. In the DVD's deleted scenes, Lee has an expanded cameo in which he plays a street vendor who tries to sell Peter Parker a pair of sunglasses "just like the X-Men wear."
• In Daredevil (2003), as a child, Matt Murdock stops Lee from crossing the street and getting hit by a bus.
• In Hulk (2003), he appears walking alongside former TV-series Hulk Lou Ferrigno in an early scene, both as security guards at Bruce Banner's lab. It was his first speaking role in a film based on one of his characters.
• In Spider-Man 2 (2004), Lee pulls an innocent person away from danger during Spider-Man's first battle with Doctor Octopus. In a deleted scene that appears as an extra on the film's DVD release, Lee has another cameo, saying, "Look, Spider-Man stole that child's sneakers."
• In Fantastic Four (2005), Lee appears for the first time as a character from the comics, in a role credited as Willie Lumpkin, the mail carrier who greets the Fantastic Four as they enter the Baxter Building.
• In X-Men: The Last Stand (2006), Lee and Chris Claremont appear as two of Jean Grey's neighbors in the opening scenes set 20 years ago. Lee, credited as "Waterhose man," is watering the lawn when Jean telekinetically redirects the water from the hose into the air.
• In Spider-Man 3 (2007), Lee appears in a credited role as "Man in Times Square". He stands next to Peter Parker, both of them reading a news bulletin about Spider-Man, and commenting to Peter that, "You know, I guess one person can make a difference". He then says his catch phrase, "'Nuff said."
• In Fantastic Four: Rise of the Silver Surfer (2007), Lee appears as himself at Reed Richards' and Susan Storm's first wedding, being turned away by a security guard for not being on the guest list. In Fantastic Four Annual No.3 (1965), in which the couple married, Lee and Jack Kirby are similarly turned away.
• In Iron Man (2008), Lee (credited as "Himself") appears at a gala cavorting with three blonds, where Tony Stark mistakes him for Hugh Hefner.^[72] In the theatrical release of the film, Stark simply greets Lee as "Hef" and moves on without seeing Lee's face; another version of the scene was filmed where Stark realizes his mistake, but Lee graciously responds, "That's okay, I get this all the time."^[73]
• In The Incredible Hulk (2008), Lee appears as a hapless citizen who accidentally ingests a soft drink mixed with Bruce Banner's blood, leading to the discovery of Dr. Banner's location in a bottling plant in Brazil.
• In Iron Man 2 (2010), during the Stark Expo, Lee, wearing suspenders and a red shirt and black and purple tie, is greeted by Tony Stark as "Larry King".
• In Thor (2011), Lee appears among many people at the site where Thor's hammer Mjolnir lands on earth. He tears the back off his pickup truck in an attempt to pull Mjolnir out of the ground with a chain and causes everyone to laugh by asking, "Did it work?".
• In Captain America: The First Avenger (2011), Lee is again used as comic relief, this time portraying a general in World War II. When Captain America/Steve Rogers is queued to a stage to receive an award, a man goes on stage to tell the presenter that Rogers will not be attending. The general mistakes the man for Rogers, commenting, "I thought he'd be taller." Lee said in April 2011, "Marvel Studios has upgraded my cameo for the Captain America movie! They’ve given me one more word of dialogue than originally planned!"^[74]
• In The Avengers (2012), Lee makes a cameo appearance as a man interviewed by the media about his opinion concerning the Avengers thwarting the Chitauri's attack on Manhattan Island. Lee's character responds with, "Superheroes in New York? Give me a break", and then returns to a game of chess with a fellow senior citizen. ^[75]
• In The Amazing Spider-Man (2012), Lee is scheduled to have a cameo in an action scene where he plays a librarian oblivious to the fight between Spider-Man and the Lizard happening behind him.^[76]

Warner/DC properties[link]

In the original February 7, 1998, broadcast airing of the Superman: The Animated Series episode "Apokolips... Now! Part 2" on the Kids' WB programming block, an animated Stan Lee was visible mourning the death of Daniel "Terrible" Turpin, a character based on his longtime Marvel Comics collaborator Jack Kirby. This shot was later modified to remove the likeness of Lee and other of background Marvel characters when the episode was released on DVD.^[77]

Other film, TV, and video[link]

• In the 1990s, Lee hosted the documentary series The Comic Book Greats and interviewed notable comic book creators such as Chris Claremont, Jim Lee, Todd McFarlane, Rob Liefeld and Whilce Portacio.
• Lee has an extensive cameo in the 1995 Kevin Smith film Mallrats. He plays himself, this time visiting the mall to sign books at a comic store. Later, he takes on the role of a sage-like character, giving Jason Lee's character, Brodie Bruce (a longtime fan of Stan's), advice on his love life. He also recorded interviews with Smith for the non-fiction video Stan Lee's Mutants, Monsters, and Marvels (2002).
• Lee is the host of the 2010 History Channel documentary series Stan Lee's Superhumans.
• Lee makes a cameo appearance as the "Three Stooges Wedding Guest" in the 2004 Disney film The Princess Diaries 2: Royal Engagement.
• Lee hosted and judged contestants in the SyFy series Who Wants to Be a Superhero?
• Lee appears with director Kevin Smith and 2000s Marvel editor-in-chief Joe Quesada in the DVD program Marvel Then & Now: An Evening with Stan Lee and Joe Quesada, hosted by Kevin Smith.
• Lee was interviewed on the History Channel show Superhuman by Daniel Browning Smith, who held several Guinness Records for extreme flexibility^[78] due to having Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome, a genetic condition affecting collagen formation. Smith had created his own comic book to display his own struggles as an outcast for his flexibility, and legitimately surprised Lee with a quick demonstration of his talent.
• In the animated series Jim Henson's Muppet Babies, Lee plays himself in a live-action scene of the "Comic Capers" episode.
• Lee appeared as himself in an extended self-parodying sketch on the episode "Tapping a Hero" of Robot Chicken.
• Lee appears as himself in writer-director Larry Cohen's The Ambulance (1990), in which Eric Roberts plays an aspiring comics artist.
• In "I Am Furious Yellow", the April 28, 2002, episode of The Simpsons, Lee voices the animated Stan Lee, who is a prolonged visitor to Comic Book Guy's store. He asks if Comic Book Guy is the stalker of Lynda Carter – the star of the 1970s show Wonder Woman – and shows signs of dementia, such as breaking a customer's toy Batmobile by trying to cram a Thing action figure into it (claiming that he "made it better"), hiding DC comics behind Marvel comics, and believing that he is the Hulk (and fails trying to become the Hulk, while Comic Book Guy comments he couldn't even change into Bill Bixby). Lee also appeared on the commentary track along with other Simpsons writers and directors on the episode for The Simpsons Season 13 box set released in 2010. In a later Simpsons episode, "Worst Episode Ever", Lee's picture is seen next to several others on the wall behind the register, under the heading "Banned for life".
• Lee appears as himself in the Mark Hamill-directed Comic Book: The Movie (2004), a direct-to-video mockumentary primarily filmed at the 2002 San Diego Comic-Con.
• Lee made an appearance on December 21, 2006, on the NBC game show Identity.
• Lee appeared as himself in "The Excelsior Acquisition", a third season episode of The Big Bang Theory, in March 2010.^[79] He appears at the front door of his house wearing Fantastic Four pajamas, ultimately calling into the rest of the house, "Joanie, call the police!" to get rid of Sheldon.
• Lee voices the Mayor of Superhero City in the Super Hero Squad Show.
• He plays a bus driver in the 16th episode of the first season of Heroes.^[80]
• Lee made a guest appearance as himself in "Bottom's Up", a season seven episode of the TV series Entourage. He guest-starred in "Glimpse", a season five episode of Eureka that aired in July 2011.^[81]
• Lee appears in "The Guardian", the October 7, 2010, episode of Nikita, as Hank Excelsior, a witness to a bank robbery who is interviewed by a TV reporter.
• Lee was interviewed in the 2011 documentary Superheroes.
• Lee is scheduled to appear on X Japan's music video "Born to be Free".^[82]
• Lee portrayed himself at a CIA holiday party in the fifth season of Chuck, in which it is revealed in that universe he secretly works for the government and has a romantic interest in General Beckman.
• Stan Lee appeared in the eleventh episode of season five of The Guild, in which he was captured at a convention by the character Zaboo's Master Chief cosplaying henchmen.^{[episode needed]}
• Stan Lee portrayed a future version of Tony Stark in "Episode 205 – The Future!" of the comedy web series Avengers Assemble!. In this episode, he delivered from the future a cryptic message to the rest of his fellow Avengers, but constantly frustrated his companions due to his ineptness with the technology of his future era.^[83]

Video games and applications[link]

• Lee narrates the 2000 video game Spider-Man,^[84] the 2001 sequel Spider-Man 2: Enter Electro^[85] and 2010's Spider-Man: Shattered Dimensions.^[86][87]
• Lee made his first-ever onscreen video game appearance as a senator named after himself in Marvel Ultimate Alliance 2.^[88]
• Lee narrates the The Avengers Origins: Hulk and Avengers Origins: Assemble! apps for the iPad, iPhone, and iPod Touch, which were released by Disney Publishing Worldwide in February 2012.^[89]
• Lee is a playable character in Activision's The Amazing Spider-Man video game, which is scheduled to be released in June 2012, as a tie-in to the film of the same name.^[90]

Personal life[link]

Lee's favorite authors include Stephen King, H. G. Wells, Mark Twain, Arthur Conan Doyle, William Shakespeare, Charles Dickens, and Harlan Ellison.^[91] He is also a fan of the films of Bruce Lee.^[92]

Bibliography[link]

Lee's comics work includes:^[93]

DC[link]

• DC Comics Presents: Superman #1 (2004)
• Just Imagine Stan Lee creating:
  • Aquaman (with Scott McDaniel) (2002)
  • Batman (with Joe Kubert) (2001)
  • Catwoman (with Chris Bachalo) (2002)
  • Crisis (with John Cassaday) (2002)
  • Flash (with Kevin Maguire) (2002)
  • Green Lantern (with Dave Gibbons) (2001)
  • JLA (with Jerry Ordway) (2002)
  • Robin (with John Byrne) (2001)
  • Sandman (with Walt Simonson) (2002)
  • Secret Files and Origins (2002)
  • Shazam! (with Gary Frank) (2001)
  • Superman (with John Buscema) (2001)
  • Wonder Woman (with Jim Lee) (2001)

Marvel[link]

• Amazing Spider-Man #1–100, 105–110, 116–118, 200 (1962–80); (backup stories): #634–655 (2010–11)^[94]
• Avengers #1–35 (1963–66)
• Captain America #100–141 (1968–71) (continues from Tales of Suspense #99)
• Daredevil, #1–9, 11–50, 53 (1964–69)
• Daredevil, vol. 2, #20 (backup story) (2001)
• Epic Illustrated #1 (Silver Surfer) (1980)
• Fantastic Four #1–114, 120–125 (1961–72); #296 (1986)
• The Incredible Hulk #1–6 (continues to Tales to Astonish #59)
• Journey into Mystery (Thor) plotter #83–96 (1962–63), writer #97–125 (1963–66) (continues to Thor #126)
• Ravage 2099 #1–7 (1992–93)
• Savage She-Hulk #1 (1980)
• Sgt. Fury #1–28 (1963–66)
• Silver Surfer #1–18 (1968–70)
• Silver Surfer vol. 2, #1 (1982)
• Silver Surfer: Parable #1–2 (1988)
• Solarman #1–2 (1989–90)
• Strange Tales (diverse stories): #9, 11, 74, 89, 90–100 (1951–62); (Human Torch): #101–109, 112–133; (Doctor Strange): #110–111, 115–142, 151–158 (1962–67); (Nick Fury, Agent of S.H.I.E.L.D.: #135–147, 150–152 (1965–67)
• Tales to Astonish (diverse stories): #1, 6, 12–13, 15–17, 24–33 (1956–62); Ant-Man/Giant Man: #35–69 (1962–65) (Incredible Hulk: #59–101 (1964–1968); Sub-Mariner: #70–101 (1965–68)
• Tales of Suspense (diverse stories): #7, 9, 16, 22, 27, 29–30 (1959–62); (Iron Man): plotter #39–46 (1963), writer #47–98 (1963–68) (Captain America): #58–99 (1964–86)
• Thor #126–192, 200 (1966–72), 385 (1987)
• What If (Fantastic Four) #200 (2011)
• The X-Men #1–19 (1963–66)

Other[link]

• Ultimo (Manga original concept)
• How to Draw Comics the Marvel Way

See also[link]

	Biography portal
	Comics portal
	Film portal
	Greater Los Angeles portal
	New York City portal
	Speculative fiction portal
	Superhero fiction portal
	United States portal

• Characters created by Stan Lee
• List of American comics creators
• List of American Jews
• List of Eisner Award winners
• List of Harvey Award winners
• List of Jewish American authors
• List of Marvel Comics people
• List of science fiction authors
• List of pseudonyms

References[link]

Further reading[link]

• Lee, Stan, Origins of Marvel Comics (Simon and Schuster, 1974; Marvel Entertainment Group, 1997 reissue, ISBN 0-7851-0551-4)
• McLaughlin, Jeff, ed. Stan Lee: Conversations (University Press of Mississippi, 2007), ISBN 978-1-57806-985-9
• Ro, Ronin. Tales to Astonish: Jack Kirby, Stan Lee, and the American Comic Book Revolution (Bloomsbury USA, 2005 reissue) ISBN 1-58234-566-X
• Raphael, Jordan, and Spurgeon, Tom. Stan Lee and the Rise and Fall of the American Comic Book (Chicago Review Press, 2003) ISBN 1-55652-506-0

External links[link]

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Stan Lee

This article's use of external links may not follow Wikipedia's policies or guidelines. Please improve this article by removing excessive or inappropriate external links, and converting useful links where appropriate into footnote references. (November 2010)

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Stan Lee

• POW! Entertainment (official site)
• "Biography". StanLeeWeb.com (fan site by minority shareholders of POW! Entertainment. Archived from the original on October 24, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20081024041934/http://www.stanleeweb.com/stan_bio.htm. Retrieved April 27, 2010. 
• McCave, Joseph. "SDCC 2009: Stan Lee Talks 'Time Jumper'!" FearNet.com, July 27, 2009
• Framingham, Mass. "Myth and the Hero's Journey: Big Screen Blockbusters – Star Wars, Spider-Man Tell Timeless Tales", Daily News (May 5, 2002), by Chris Bergeron
• Archive of "Fast Chat: Stan Lee". Newsday, April 1, 2007. Online version March 31, 2007.
• Stan Lee at ComiCon in Seattle
• Stan Lee at the Unofficial Handbook of Marvel Comics Creators
• Stan Lee at the Comic Book DB
• Stan Lee at the Internet Speculative Fiction Database
• Stan Lee at the Internet Movie Database

Audio/video

• Audio of Merry Marvel Marching Society record, including voice of Stan Lee
• "Stan Lee". (video interviews) WebOfStories.com. undated. http://www.webofstories.com/play/16741. 
• Comic Geek Speak: Episode 83 – Stan Lee interview podcast, December 12, 2005
• Mahalo Daily with Veronica Belmont: "MD044 – Stan Lee Interview", January 28, 2008
• Stan Lee receives 1st New York comics legend award April 17, 2008
• "Authors@Google: Stan Lee", Authors@Google, "AtGoogleTalks", YouTube, July 18, 2008. (Video podcast)
• Conan, Neal (October 27, 2010). "Stan Lee, Mastermind Of The Marvel Universe". Talk of the Nation (National Public Radio). http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=130862700.  (Radio broadcast)

Stan Lee v t e Avengers Creators Stan Lee Jack Kirby Comic book titles Current The Avengers Avengers Academy New Avengers Secret Avengers Previous Avengers: The Initiative Dark Avengers Force Works The Mighty Avengers Solo Avengers West Coast Avengers Young Avengers Limited Avengers: Celestial Quest Avengers Forever Avengers Infinity Avengers vs. X-Men G.L.A. JLA/Avengers Lockjaw and the Pet Avengers Other continuities A-Next The Last Avengers Story Marvel Adventures: The Avengers The Ultimates Initial characters Ant-Man Captain America Hulk Iron Man Thor Wasp Members lists Avengers members A-Next members Great Lakes Avengers members New Avengers members Ultimates members West Coast Avengers members Enemies Baron Zemo Collector Count Nefaria Egghead Grandmaster Graviton Grim Reaper Immortus Kang Korvac Legion of the Unliving Lethal Legion Loki Master Pandemonium Masters of Evil Morgan le Fay Nebula Revengers Space Phantom Super-Adaptoid Supreme Intelligence Squadron Sinister Taskmaster Thanos Ultron Zodiac Headquarters Avengers Mansion Avengers Island Avengers Tower Storylines "Kree-Skrull War" "Acts of Vengeance" "Operation: Galactic Storm" "Bloodties" "Kang Dynasty" "Avengers Disassembled" In other media Television The Avengers: United They Stand The Avengers: Earth's Mightiest Heroes Film Ultimate Avengers Ultimate Avengers 2 Next Avengers: Heroes of Tomorrow The Avengers (soundtrack) Video games Captain America and The Avengers Avengers in Galactic Storm Marvel Avengers: Battle for Earth Alternative versions Agents of Atlas A-Next Ultimates Book:The Avengers v t e Black Panther Creators Stan Lee Jack Kirby Supporting Characters Junta Queen Ororo Iqadi T'Challa White Tiger Foes Achebe Baron Macabre Erik Killmonger Kiber the Cruel Klaw Madam Slay Man-Ape Malice Moses Magnum Venomm Windeagle Publications Jungle Action Television Black Panther Related articles Coal Tiger Wakanda Vibranium v t e Daredevil Creators Stan Lee Bill Everett Supporting characters Black Widow Milla Donovan Echo Elektra Foggy Nelson Dakota North Karen Page Stick Turk Barrett Ben Urich White Tiger Villains Ani-Men Angar Bullet Bushwacker Bullseye Cobra Death's Head Death-Stalker Gladiator The Hand Jester Kingpin Lady Bullseye Leap-Frog Samuel Saxon Mister Fear Mr. Hyde Nuke The Owl Purple Man Stilt-Man Typhoid Mary Films Daredevil soundtrack Elektra Television appearances The Trial of the Incredible Hulk "Framed" "The Man Without Fear" Publications Daredevil/Bullseye: The Target Daredevil: End of Days Ultimate Daredevil and Elektra Ultimate Elektra Daredevil: Reborn Storylines "Born Again" "Guardian Devil" "Return of the King" "Without Fear" "Shadowland" See also Alternative versions of Daredevil v t e Doctor Strange Creators Stan Lee Steve Ditko Supporting characters Agamotto Ancient One Clea Wong Villains Baron Mordo Dormammu Nightmare Satannish Shuma-Gorath Umar In other media Dr. Strange "Doctor Strange" Doctor Strange: The Sorcerer Supreme Related articles Alternative versions of Doctor Strange Book of the Vishanti Cloak of Levitation Eye of Agamotto Orb of Agamotto Sanctum Sanctorum Doctor Strange: The Oath v t e Fantastic Four Creators Stan Lee Jack Kirby Main characters Mister Fantastic Invisible Woman Human Torch Thing Supporting characters Ant-Man (Scott Lang) Crystal Agatha Harkness H.E.R.B.I.E. Inhumans Willie Lumpkin Lyja Alicia Masters Medusa Alyssa Moy Ms. Marvel/She-Thing Namor Frankie Raye Franklin Richards Valeria Richards She-Hulk Silver Surfer Spider-Man Uatu Wyatt Wingfoot Yancy Street Gang Villains Annihilus Blastaar Diablo Doctor Doom Frightful Four Galactus Impossible Man Klaw Kree Mad Thinker Malice Maximus Miracle Man Mole Man Molecule Man Psycho-Man Puppet Master Rama-Tut Red Ghost Ronan the Accuser Sandman Skrulls Super-Skrull Terrax Trapster Kristoff Vernard Wizard Locations Baxter Building Four Freedoms Plaza Latveria Negative Zone Publications Current Fantastic Four FF Previous Fantastic Force Marvel Knights 4 Marvel Two-in-One Strange Tales Super-Villain Team-Up The Thing Limited Before the Fantastic Four: Ben Grimm and Logan Before the Fantastic Four: Reed Richards Before the Fantastic Four: The Storms Fantastic Four: 1234 Fantastic Four: The End Fantastic Four vs. the X-Men Other continuities 2099: World of Tomorrow Doom 2099 Fantastic Five Fantastic Four: Unstable Molecules Fantastic Four 2099 Franklin Richards: Son of a Genius Marvel 1602: Fantastick Four Superman/Fantastic Four Ultimate Fantastic Four Storylines "The Galactus Trilogy" "This Man... This Monster!" "Days of Future Present" Television series Fantastic Four (1967) Fantastic Four (1978) Fred and Barney Meet the Thing Fantastic Four (1994) (episodes) Fantastic Four: World's Greatest Heroes (episodes) Films The Fantastic Four (1994) Fantastic Four (2005) Fantastic Four: Rise of the Silver Surfer Related articles Fantastic 4: The Album Video games Questprobe Featuring The Human Torch and The Thing Fantastic Four (1997) Fantastic Four (2005) Fantastic Four TV game Fantastic Four: Rise of the Silver Surfer Other versions Alternative versions of Mister Fantastic Alternative versions of the Human Torch Alternative versions of the Thing Alternative versions of Doctor Doom Related articles Doctor Doom's Fearfall Fantastic Four Incorporated Fantasticar Future Foundation List of devices used by Doctor Doom List of Fantastic Four members List of Ultimate Fantastic Four story arcs Marvel Collectors' Item Classics Unstable molecules v t e Hawkeye Creators Don Heck Stan Lee Identities Goliath Ronin Supporting characters Dominic Fortune Mockingbird Enemies Barney Barton Crossfire Death-Throws Swordsman Trick Shot Publications Solo Avengers Hawkeye & Mockingbird Widowmaker Hawkeye: Blindspot Other Hawkeyes Kate Bishop Bullseye Wyatt McDonald Related articles Alternative versions of Hawkeye Cross Technological Enterprises Trick arrows World Counter-terrorism Agency v t e Henry Pym Creators Stan Lee Larry Lieber Jack Kirby Identities Ant-Man Giant-Man Goliath Yellowjacket Successors Clint Barton Rita DeMara Bill Foster Tom Foster Erik Josten Cassandra Lang Scott Lang Eric O'Grady Opponents Black Knight Egghead People's Defense Force Porcupine Ultron Voice Whirlwind Supporting Characters Janet Van Dyne / The Wasp Comic book titles Tales to Astonish Marvel Feature v t e Hercules Creators Stan Lee Jack Kirby Supporting characters Amadeus Cho Athena Thor Zeus Enemies Amatsu-Mikaboshi Ares Hera Hippolyta Huntsman Pluto Typhon Comic books The Incredible Hercules Related articles Olympians Olympus v t e Howling Commandos Creators Stan Lee Jack Kirby Howlers Nick Fury Dum Dum Dugan Gabe Jones Rebel Ralston Dino Manelli Izzy Cohen Junior Juniper Pinky Pinkerton Eric Koenig Supporting Characters Happy Sam Sawyer Captain America Opponents Fictional opponents Red Skull Baron Strucker Baron Zemo Historical opponents Adolf Hitler Erwin Rommel In other media Avengers: Earth's Mightiest Heroes Captain America: The First Avenger Captain America: Super Soldier v t e Hulk Creators Stan Lee Jack Kirby Supporting characters Amadeus Cho Arabian Knight Betty Ross Bereet Carmilla Black Caiera Marlo Chandler Doc Samson Hiro-Kala Jarella Pantheon Rick Jones Lyra Sabra She-Hulk Skaar Thundra Warbound Hiroim Korg Elloe Kaifi No-Name of the Brood Miek Kate Waynesboro Jim Wilson Enemies Abomination Absorbing Man Achilles Agamemnon Ajax Amphibion Bi-Beast Brian Banner/Devil Hulk Enclave Flux Galaxy Master Gamma Corps Gargoyle Glenn Talbot Glob Glorian Gremlin Halflife Hulkbusters Hulk Robot Intelligencia John Ryker Juggernaut Killer Shrike Leader Madman Maestro Mercy Metal Master Missing Link Nightmare Psyklop Ravage Rhino The Red King Ringmaster Speedfreek Thunderbolt Ross/Red Hulk Trauma Tyrannus U-Foes (Ironclad Vapor Vector X-Ray) Umar Wendigo Xemnu Zeus Zom Zzzax Television Live action The Incredible Hulk (1977–1982) (episodes) The Incredible Hulk Returns (TV film, 1988) The Trial of the Incredible Hulk (TV film, 1989) The Death of the Incredible Hulk (TV film, 1990) Animation The Marvel Super Heroes (1966) The Incredible Hulk (1982–1983) (episodes) The Incredible Hulk (1996–1997) (episodes) Hulk and the Agents of S.M.A.S.H. (2013) Films Live action Hulk (2003) The Incredible Hulk (2008) Animation Hulk Vs (2009) Planet Hulk (2010) Video games Questprobe featuring the Hulk (1984) The Incredible Hulk (1994) The Incredible Hulk: The Pantheon Saga (1996) Hulk (2003) The Incredible Hulk: Ultimate Destruction (2005) The Incredible Hulk (2008) Titles Superman and Spider-Man Hulk: The End Hulk: The Manga Tales to Astonish The Rampaging Hulk 5 Ronin Storylines "Planet Hulk" "World War Hulk" "Fall of the Hulks" "World War Hulks" Related articles Other versions Hulk 2099 Hulk Hands The Incredible Hulk (roller coaster) v t e Inhumans Creators Stan Lee Jack Kirby Storylines Son of M Silent War Secret Invasion: Inhumans "War of Kings" "Realm of Kings" Members Royal Family Ahura Black Bolt Crystal Gorgon Karnak Lockjaw Luna Maximus Medusa Triton New Generation Alaris Jolen Nahrees San Tonaja Others List of Inhumans Universe Attilan Terrigen Mist Alpha Primitive v t e Iron Man Creators Don Heck Stan Lee Larry Lieber Jack Kirby Supporting characters Bethany Cabe Rumiko Fujikawa Nick Fury Guardsman Maria Hill Happy Hogan Edwin Jarvis War Machine Pepper Potts Natalia Romanova Howard Stark Maria Stark Ho Yinsen Enemies Arsenal Blizzard Donnie Gill Blacklash/Whiplash Chemistro Controller Coldblood Crimson Dynamo Dmitri Bukharin Detroit Steel Dreadknight Edwin Cord Fin Fang Foom Firebrand Firepower Freak Ghost Iron Monger Justin Hammer Justine Hammer Kearson DeWitt Killer Shrike Living Laser Madame Masque Mallen Mandarin Mauler Melter Mordecai Midas MODOK Raiders Sasha Hammer Spymaster Sunset Bain Sunturion Temugin Titanium Man Unicorn Ultimo Vibro Wong-Chu Whirlwind Ezekiel "Zeke" Stane Other characters Howard Stark Sr. Gregory Stark Zebediah Stane Morgan Stark Iron Man 2020 Comic books Iron Man and Sub-Mariner Iron Man (vol. 4) Enter the Mandarin The Invincible Iron Man Iron Man vs. Whiplash Storylines "Armor Wars" "Demon in a Bottle" "Doomquest" "Extremis" Ultimate Marvel series Ultimate Iron Man Ultimate Human Ultimate Comics: Armor Wars In other media Films The Invincible Iron Man Iron Man soundtrack Iron Man 2 soundtrack score Iron Man 3 Television The Marvel Super Heroes Iron Man episodes Iron Man: Armored Adventures episodes Marvel Anime Video games Iron Man / X-O Manowar in Heavy Metal The Invincible Iron Man Iron Man Iron Man 2 Iron Man (pinball) Related articles Alternative versions Ultimate Iron Man Avengers Mansion Iron Man's armor Roxxon Stark Industries S.H.I.E.L.D. Stark Tower v t e S.H.I.E.L.D. Creators Stan Lee Jack Kirby Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. Directors G. W. 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Individuals Doctor Demonicus Godzilla Mad Dog MODOK Norman Osborn Plantman Red Skull Scorpio Silver Samurai Sin Baron Strucker Super-Patriot Viper Film Live-action Nick Fury: Agent of S.H.I.E.L.D. (1998) The Avengers (2012) Animated Ultimate Avengers (2006) Ultimate Avengers 2 (2006) Technology S.P.I.N. Tech Life Model Decoy SJ3RX (Red Ronin) S.H.I.E.L.D. Flying Car Mandroid Bases and facilities Helicarrier Stark Tower Camp Hammond The Vault Ryker's Island The Raft Prison 42 The Cube Big House Related agencies, teams, and subdivisions A.R.M.O.R. H.A.M.M.E.R. H.A.T.E. S.A.F.E. S.T.R.I.K.E. S.W.O.R.D. S.H.I.E.L.D. Superhuman Restraint Unit S.H.I.E.L.D. Hulkbusters Godzilla Squad Project Livewire Howling Commandos Sgt. Fury and his Howling Commandos Nick Fury's Howling Commandos Secret Warriors Captain America: The First Avenger Ultimate Marvel S.H.I.E.L.D. The Ultimates General Nick Fury Captain America Thor Hawkeye/Clint Barton Black Widow/Natasha Romanoff Ultimate Iron Man Quicksilver Scarlet Witch Carol Danvers General Ross Betty Ross Karma Monica Chang Dr. Scott Lang/Giant Man II Petra Laskov Gregory Stark Karen Grant Avengers Enemies Liberators Loki Ultron Tomorrow Men Xorn and Zorn Reed Richards See also: Nick Fury in other media v t e She-Hulk Creators Stan Lee John Buscema Supporting characters Agent Cheesecake Awesome Andy Blake Tower Blonde Phantom Goodman, Lieber, Kurtzberg & Holliway Hulk John Jameson Jazinda Lyra Red She-Hulk Richard Rory Southpaw Wyatt Wingfoot Group memberships Avengers Defenders Fantastic Force Fantastic Four Heroes for Hire Lady Liberators Magistrati S.H.I.E.L.D. Villains Abominatrix Absorbing Man Band of the Bland Behemoth Champion of the Universe Doctor Bong Headmen Red Hulk Titania Xemnu the Titan Film and television The Incredible Hulk and She-Hulk (1996) Related articles Hulk v t e Silver Surfer Creators Stan Lee Jack Kirby Supporting characters Adam Warlock Air-Walker Alicia Masters Drax the Destroyer Fantastic Four Eternals Firelord Galactus Infinity Watch Mantis Nova Nova (Frankie Raye) Pip the Troll Shalla-Bal Stardust Villains Annihilus Champion of the Universe Doctor Doom Elders of the Universe Ego the Living Planet Galactus Kree Mephisto Morg Nebula Possessor Reptyl Red Shift Skrulls Stranger Terrax Thanos Tyrant Group Affiliation Annihilators Defenders Heralds of Galactus The Order Titles & Storylines Annihilation Fantastic Four The Galactus Trilogy Heroes Reborn The Infinity Gauntlet Ultimate Fantastic Four Silver Surfer Other Media Fantastic Four (1967 TV series) Video game Fantastic Four (1994 TV series) Silver Surfer (1998 TV series) Fantastic Four: Rise of the Silver Surfer The Super Hero Squad Show Silver Surfer See also Power Cosmic Supreme Intelligence Zenn-La Surfing with the Alien The Power Cosmic v t e Spider-Man Created by: Stan Lee Steve Ditko Supporting characters May Parker Ben Parker Mary Jane Watson J. Jonah Jameson Harry Osborn Gwen Stacy George Stacy Black Cat Flash Thompson Sally Avril Betty Brant Debra Whitman Ben Urich Richard Parker and Mary Parker Robbie Robertson Glory Grant Liz Allan Prowler Randy Robertson Ned Leeds Jean DeWolff Scarlet Spider (Ben Reilly · Kaine) Silver Sable Madame Web John Jameson Rocket Racer Carlie Cooper Villains Beetle (Abner Jenkins) Boomerang Burglar Carnage Chameleon Doctor Octopus Electro Enforcers Green Goblin Hammerhead Hobgoblin Hydro-Man Jackal Kingpin Kraven the Hunter Lizard Molten Man Morbius Mysterio Rhino Sandman Scorpion IV/Venom II Shocker Silvermane Sinister Six Alistair Smythe Spencer Smythe Spider-Slayer (List) Spot Swarm Tinkerer Tombstone Venom Vulture Locations Daily Bugle Empire State University Alternative versions Gerry Drew Spider-Ham Spider-Girl Spider-Man 2099 Spider-Woman Ultimate Spider-Man II Related topics Powers and equipment In other media (Film Television Video games) Publications (Storylines) Symbiote Anya Corazon See also: Alternative versions of Mary Jane Watson Alternative versions of the Green Goblin Alternative versions of Venom v t e Thor (Marvel Comics) Creators Stan Lee Larry Lieber Jack Kirby Allies Balder Beta Ray Bill Frey Frigga Jane Foster Gaea Heimdall Hermod Hercules Hoder Hrimhari Idunn Kelda Odin Sif Thor Girl Thunderstrike Eric Masterson Kevin Masterson Tyr Valkyrie Vidar Volla Warriors Three Fandral Hogun Volstagg Zeus Enemies Absorbing Man Atum Bloodaxe Cobra Desak Destroyer Ego the Living Planet Enchantress Executioner Fafnir Fenris Wolf Grey Gargoyle Hela Karnilla Kurse Laufey Loki Lorelei Malekith the Accursed Man-Beast Mangog Midgard Serpent Mr. Hyde Mongoose Perrikus Quicksand Radioactive Man Ragnarok Seth Surtur Ulik Wrecking Crew Wrecker Bulldozer Piledriver Thunderball Ymir Zarrko Bibliography Journey into Mystery Thor: Blood Oath Thor: Son of Asgard Thor: Vikings In other media Television The Marvel Super Heroes The Incredible Hulk Returns Film Hulk Vs Thor soundtrack Thor: Tales of Asgard Thor 2 Video games Thor: God of Thunder Related articles Thor in Norse mythology Alternative versions Ultimate Thor Asgard Elves Giants of Jotunheim Mjolnir Norns Valkyrior v t e X-Men Creators Stan Lee Jack Kirby Members Angel Anole Ariel Armor Aurora Banshee Beast Bishop Blindfold Boom-Boom Box Cable Caliban Cannonball Chamber Changeling Cipher Cloak and Dagger Colossus Cyclops Cypher Darwin Dazzler Deadpool Doctor Nemesis Domino Dust Elixir Fantomex and E.V.A. Forge Frenzy Emma Frost Gambit Gentle Graymalkin Havok Hellion Hepzibah Hope Husk Iceman Ink Joseph Jubilee Karma Lady Mastermind Lifeguard Lockheed Longshot Maggott Magik Magma Marrow Marvel Girl Mercury Mimic Moonstar Namor Nightcrawler Northstar Omega Sentinel Petra Phoenix Pixie Polaris Prodigy Professor X Psylocke Revanche Cecilia Reyes Rockslide Rogue Sage Shadowcat Slipstream Stacy X Storm Sunfire Sunspot Surge Sway Thunderbird (John Proudstar) Thunderbird (Neal Shaara) Warlock Warpath Wolf Cub Wolverine X-23 X-Man Shen Xorn Secondary teams Excalibur Generation X Lights New Mutants X-Club X-Corporation X-Factor X-Force X-Men-In-Training X-Terminators Villains Apocalypse Arcade Bastion Black Tom Cassidy Dark Beast Exodus Graydon Creed Cameron Hodge Juggernaut Senator Kelly Kid Omega Krakoa Lady Deathstrike Steven Lang Legion Magneto Mastermind Mesmero Mr. Sinister Mojo Mystique Nimrod Cassandra Nova Omega Red Onslaught Predator X Proteus Madelyne Pryor Sabretooth Sauron Selene Shadow King Silver Samurai Spiral Stryfe William Stryker Sublime Sugar Man Bolivar Trask Vulcan X-Cutioner Kuan-Yin Xorn Villain teams Acolytes Alliance of Evil Brood Brotherhood of Mutants (Members) · Children of the Vault Externals Fenris Friends of Humanity Gene Nation Humanity's Last Stand Hellfire Club Hellions Horsemen of Apocalypse Marauders Mutant Liberation Front Nasty Boys Neo Norman Osborn's X-Men Phalanx Purifiers Reavers Savage Land Mutates Sentinels Shadow-X U-Men Weapon X Locations Asteroid M Avalon Crossmore District X/Mutant Town Genosha Graymalkin Industries Limbo Madripoor Massachusetts Academy Muir Island Providence Savage Land Utopia X-Mansion Equipment & Vehicles Cerebro Danger Room X-Jet Miscellanea Alpha Flight Crimson Dawn Fastball Special Legacy Virus M'Kraan Crystal Morlocks Mutants Mutant Registration Act Phoenix Force Project Wideawake Shi'ar Siege Perilous Starjammers Technarchy Third Summers Brother See also: X-Men in other media X-Men storylines X-Men comics v t e Sinister Six Creators Stan Lee Steve Ditko Members Original Doctor Octopus Electro Kraven the Hunter Mysterio The Sandman The Vulture Other Beetle Boomerang Chameleon Gog Green Goblin Grim Reaper Hammerhead Hobgoblin Hydro-Man Kraven the Hunter Lizard Rhino Scorpia Shocker Tombstone Trapster Venom Eddie Brock Mac Gargan In other media "Insidious Six/Battle of the Insidious Six" Spider-Man: Return of the Sinister Six Spider-Man 2: The Sinister Six Other Ultimate Six Sinister Syndicate Savage Six All Spider-Man enemies