Sea areas in international rights

Under the law of the sea, an exclusive economic zone (EEZ) is a seazone over which a state has special rights over the exploration and use of marine resources, including production of energy from water and wind^[1]. It stretches from the seaward edge of the state's territorial sea out to 200 nautical miles from its coast. In colloquial usage, the term may include the territorial sea and even the continental shelf beyond the 200-mile limit.

Definition[link]

The World's EEZs, shown in dark blue.

Generally, a state's EEZ extends to a distance of 200 nautical miles (370 km) out from its coastal baseline. The exception to this rule occurs when EEZs would overlap; that is, state coastal baselines are less than 400 nautical miles (740 km) apart. When an overlap occurs, it is up to the states to delineate the actual maritime boundary.^[2] Generally, any point within an overlapping area defaults to the nearest state.^[3]

A state's exclusive economic zone starts at the seaward edge of its territorial sea and extends outward to a distance of 200 nautical miles (370,4 km) from the baseline. The exclusive economic zone stretches much further into sea than the territorial waters, which end at 12 NM (22 km) from the coastal baseline (if following the rules set out in the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea).^[4] Thus, the EEZ includes the contiguous zone. States also have rights to the seabed of what is called the continental shelf up to 350 nautical miles (648 km) from the coastal baseline, beyond the EEZ, but such areas are not part of their EEZ. The legal definition of the continental shelf does not directly correspond to the geological meaning of the term, as it also includes the continental rise and slope, and the entire seabed within the EEZ.

Origin of EEZ[link]

The idea of allotting nations EEZs to give better control of maritime affairs outside territorial limits gained acceptance in the late 20th century.

Initially, a country's sovereign territorial waters extended 3 nautical miles or 6 km (range of cannon shot) beyond the shore. In modern times, a country's sovereign territorial waters extend to 12 nautical miles (~22 km) beyond the shore. In the early 1970s, Ecuador claimed territorial waters extending to 200 nautical miles. They began seizing U.S. tuna-fishing boats and charging heavy fines (that the U.S. government paid). Eventually the U.S. agreed to submit the issue to the International Court of Justice at The Hague.^[5] This eventually led to the recognition of 12 nautical miles as normal for the territorial sea/waters and international recognition of the 200 mile exclusive economic zone by the Third United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea in 1982.

Part V, Article 55 of the Convention states:

Specific legal regime of the exclusive economic zone

The exclusive economic zone is an area beyond and adjacent to the territorial sea, subject to the specific legal regime established in this Part, under which the rights and jurisdiction of the coastal State and the rights and freedoms of other States are governed by the relevant provisions of this Convention.

EEZ disputes[link]

Baselines and EEZ claims in East and Southeast Asia. Note the amount of overlap in the disputed South China Sea, the Spratlys in particular.

The exact extent of exclusive economic zones is a common source of conflicts between states over marine waters.

• One well-known example of such dispute was the Cod Wars between the United Kingdom and Iceland.
• Norway and Russia dispute both territorial sea and EEZ with regard to the Svalbard archipelago as it affects Russia's EEZ due to its unique treaty status. A treaty was agreed in principle in April 2010 between the two states and subsequently ratified, resolving this demarcation dispute.^[6] The agreement was signed in Murmansk on September 15, 2010.^[7]
• The dispute over Rockall is mainly due to its effect on EEZ, not on its resources or strategic benefits.
• The South China Sea (and the Spratly Islands) is the site of an ongoing dispute between several neighboring nations.
• There is an ongoing dispute between Turkey and Greece over the extent of the continental shelf and the EEZ.
• Croatia's ZERP (Ecological and Fisheries Protection Zone) in the Adriatic Sea caused friction with Italy and Slovenia, threatening Croatia's accession to the European Union.
• A wedge-shaped section of the Beaufort Sea is disputed between Canada and the United States, as the area reportedly contains substantial oil reserves.
• France claims a portion of Canada's EEZ for Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon based on a new definition of the continental shelf and EEZ between the two countries. Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon is entirely surrounded by Canada's EEZ.

Regions where a permanent ice shelf extends beyond the coastline are also a source of potential dispute.^[8]

Transboundary stocks[link]

Fisheries management, usually adhering to guidelines set by the FAO, provides significant practical mechanisms for the control of EEZs. Transboundary fish stocks are an important concept in this control.^[9] Transboundary stocks are fish stocks that range in the EEZs of at least two countries. Straddling stocks, on the other hand, range both within an EEZ as well as in the high seas, outside any EEZ. A stock can be both transboundary and straddling.^[10]

Exclusive economic zone by country[link]

Argentina[link]

Argentina's exclusive economic zone including territorial claims.

The area is 1,159,063 km².

Australia[link]

This section appears to contradict itself. Please see the talk page for more information. (April 2011)

Australia's exclusive economic zones.

• Seas and Submerged Lands Act 1973^[11]

Australia has the third largest exclusive economic zone, behind the United States and France, but ahead of Russia, with the total area actually exceeding that of its land territory. As per the UN convention, Australia's EEZ generally extends 200 nautical miles (370 km) from the coastline of Australia and its external territories, except where a maritime delimitation agreement exists with another state.^[12]

The United Nations Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf confirmed, in April 2008, Australia's rights over an additional 2.5 million square kilometres of seabed beyond the limits of Australia's EEZ.^[13] Australia also claimed, in its submission to the UN Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf, an EEZ of 200 nautical miles (370 km) from its Antarctic Territory^[14]. Nevertheless, Australia maintains the right to explore and exploit the seabed and water column within its EEZ.

EEZ	Area (km2)[15][dead link]
Heard and McDonald Islands	410,722
Christmas Island	463,371
Cocos Islands	325,021
Norfolk Island	428,618
Macquarie Island	471,837
Mainland Australia and Tasmania and minor islands	6,048,681
Total	8,148,250

Brazil[link]

Brazil's exclusive economic zones.

Brazil's exclusive economic zone covers 3,660,995 km².

In 2004, the country submitted its claims to the United Nations Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf (CLCS) to extend its maritime continental margin.^[16]

Canada[link]

Canada's exclusive economic zone and territorial waters.

Canada is unusual in that its exclusive economic zone, covering 2,755,564 km², is slightly smaller than its territorial waters.^[17] The latter generally extend only 12 nautical miles from the shore, but also include inland marine waters such as Hudson Bay (about 300 nautical miles (560 km; 350 mi) across), the Gulf of Saint Lawrence and the internal waters of the Arctic archipelago.

Chile[link]

Chile's exclusive economic zones, including Antarctic claim.

Chile's EEZ includes areas around the Desventuradas Islands, Easter Island and the Juan Fernández Islands.

There is a dispute with Peru over the extension of Chile's EEZ: Chilean–Peruvian maritime dispute

People's Republic of China[link]

People's Republic of China's exclusive economic zone:

877,019 km²

This section requires expansion.

Denmark[link]

This section is outdated. Please update this section to reflect recent events or newly available information. Please see the talk page for more information. (September 2010)

The exclusive economic zones and territorial waters of the Kingdom of Denmark.

The Kingdom of Denmark includes the two autonomous provinces of Greenland and the Faroe Islands. The EEZs of the latter two do not form part of the EEZ of the European Union.

Region	EEZ & TW Area (km2) [15]	Land area	Total
Denmark	105 989	42 506	149 083
Faroe Islands	260 995	1 399	262 394
Greenland	2 184 254	2 166 086	4 350 340
Total	2 551 238	2 210 579	4 761 817

France[link]

Exclusive economic zones of France, including Antarctic territorial claim.

Due to its numerous Overseas departments and territories scattered on all oceans of the planet, France possesses the second-largest EEZ in the world, covering 11,035,000 km² (4,260,000 mi²), just behind the EEZ of the United States (11,351,000 km² / 4,383,000 mi²), but ahead of the EEZ of Australia (8,148,250 km² / 4,111,312 mi²). The EEZ of France covers approximately 8% of the total surface of all the EEZs of the world, whereas the land area of the French Republic is only 0.45% of the total land area of the Earth.

Region	EEZ & TW Area (km2) [15]	Land area	Total
France	334 604	551 695	886 299
French Guiana	133 949	83 846	217 795
Guadeloupe	95 978	1 628	97 606
Martinique	47 640	1 128	48 768
Réunion	315 058	2 512	317 570
French Polynesia	4 767 242	4 167	4 771 409
Saint Pierre and Miquelon	12 334	242	12 576
Mayotte	63 078	376	63 454
Wallis and Futuna	258 269	264	258 533
Collectivity of Saint Martin	1 000	53	1 053
Saint Barthélemy	4 000	21	4 021
New Caledonia	1 422 543	18 575	1 441 118
Clipperton Island	431 263	6	431 269
Crozet Islands	574 558	352	574 910
Kerguelen Islands	567 732	7 215	574 947
Saint Paul and Amsterdam Islands	509 015	66	509 081
Scattered islands in the Indian Ocean	352 117	44	352 161
Tromelin Island	270 455	1	270 456
Total	11 035 000	675 417	11 710 417

Greece[link]

This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (January 2012)

Greece has not yet claimed an exclusive economic zone, although it is entitled to do so, as per UNCLOS 1982 as well as customary international law. This had led to direct threat by Turkey of casus belli if Greece was to declare her exclusive economic zone, although Greece refrained from any kind of declaration so far.^{[citation needed]}

Turkey's declaration of casus belli is not related to the EEZ issue. Turkey claims that the Aegean Sea's status as a semi-closed sea affords it a special nature (unlike other semi-closed seas as the Adriatic or even fully enclosed seas as the Black Sea). Moreover, Turkey is not among the signatories of UNCLOS which allows countries to expand the width of their territorial waters up to 12 nautical miles (22 km). Even though Turkey is a persistent objector to the relevant article of UNCLOS^{[citation needed]}, it has expanded its own territorial waters in the Black Sea to 12 nautical miles (22 km)^{[citation needed]}. And moreover, in 1995 just after Greek parliament ratifications of UNCLOS (as every signatory state was entitled), Turkey declared that if Greece expands the width of her territorial waters over 6 nautical miles (11 km), Turkey would conceive this action as a containment attempt and a direct offense to her sovereignty and thus threatened Greece with a war (casus belli)^{[citation needed]}.

According to published maps, the Israeli government has recognized the Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ) of Greece and Cyprus. They describe the course of the gas pipeline which will transfer gas produced by American Νoble Εnergy Ltd. from the Leviathan reservoir to Europe, through an undersea pipeline crossing Greece. The gas pipeline should traverse the sea area, which according to international law, is part of the Greek EEZ. By this proposal, Israel recognizes the Greek EEZ in the area and offers an advantage that Greece can use during negotiation procedures to support its claims on the area. In practice, this cooperation will set up a powerful energy coalition between Greece, Cyprus and Israel. The mining and operating part will be undertaken by an American company.^[19] "The substance of the issue is that in an effort to protect and secure vital Israeli interests in the Mediterranean Sea, Israel has been left with no choice other than to officially delimit its maritime borders," an Israeli diplomat told the Hürriyet Daily News & Economic Review.^[20]

India[link]

India's exclusive economic zones.

• 1,641,514 km²
• Andaman Islands, 663,629 km²
• Total: 2,305,143 km²

Japan[link]

Japan's exclusive economic zones:

  Japan's EEZ

  Joint regime with Republic of Korea

  EEZ claimed by Japan, disputed by others

• Marcus Island: 428,875 km²
• Ogasawara Islands: 862,782 km²
• Pacific Ocean (Japan): 1,162,334 km²
• Ryukyu Islands: 1,394,676 km²
• Sea of Japan: 630,721 km²
• Total: 4,479,358

Japan has disputes over its EEZ boundaries with all its Asian neighbors (Russia, Republic of Korea, PRC and ROC). The above, and relevant maps at the Sea Around Us Project^[21][22] both indicate Japan's claimed boundaries, and do not take into account neighboring powers' claims.

Mexico[link]

Mexico's exclusive economic zones comprise a total surface area of 3,144,295 km², and places Mexico among the countries with the largest areas in the world.^[23]

New Zealand[link]

Exclusive economic zones of the Realm of New Zealand, including the Ross Dependency (shaded).

New Zealand's EEZ covers 4,083,744 km²,^[24][25] which is approximately fifteen times the land area of the country. Sources vary significantly on the size of New Zealand's EEZ; for example, a recent government publication gave the area as roughly 4,300,000 km².^[26] These figures are for the EEZ of New Zealand proper, and do not include the EEZs of other territories in the Realm of New Zealand (Tokelau, Niue, the Cook Islands and the Ross Dependency).

Norway[link]

Norway's exclusive economic zones, including dependent territory Bouvet Island.

Norway has a large exclusive economic zone of 819 620 km² around its coast. The country has a fishing zone of 1,878,953 km², including fishing zones around Svalbard and Jan Mayen .^[27] The fact that the European Union shares its economic zones was a big reason why Norway did not enter the EU as a member.

In April 2009, the United Nations Commission for the Limits of the Continental Shelf approved Norway's claim to an additional 235,000 square kilometres of continental shelf. The commission found that Norway and Russia both had valid claims over a portion of shelf in the Barents Sea.^[28]

Pakistan[link]

• 201,520 km^{2 [29]}

Philippines[link]

The exclusive economic zone of the Philippines shown in the lighter blue shade, with Archepelagic Waters in the darkest blue.

Philippines' EEZ covers 2,265,684 (135,783) km^2[30]

Poland[link]

The Polish EEZ covers the area of 30,533 km² within the Baltic Sea.^[31]

Portugal[link]

• Continental Portugal 327,667 km²
•  Azores 953,633 km²
•  Madeira 446,108 km²
• Total : 1,727,408 km²

Portugal submitted a claim to extend its jurisdiction over additional 2.15 million square kilometers of the neighboring continental shelf in May 2009,^[32] resulting in an EEZ with a total of more than 3,877,408 km². The submission, as well as a detailed map, can be found in the Group for the extension of the Continental Shelf website.

Portugal's exclusive economic zones.^[33]

Portugal has the 10th largest EEZ in the world.

The southern boundary between the EEZs of Portugal and Spain is disputed. Spain maintains that the southernmost EEZ border between Spain and Portugal should consist on an equidistant line drawn halfway between Madeira and the Canary Islands. But Portugal exercises sovereignty over the Savage Islands (a small archipelago north of the Canaries), and claims this pushes the EEZ border further south. Spain objects on the basis that the Savage Islands do not have a separate continental shelf,^[34] according to the article 121 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea:"Rocks which cannot sustain human habitation or economic life of their own shall have no exclusive economic zone or continental shelf."^[35]

Russia[link]

Russia's exclusive economic zone.

• Asia: 6,
• Baltic: 24,549
• Barents Sea: 1,159,594
• Total 7,566,673 km^2[36]

South Africa[link]

South Africa's maritime zones, including the exclusive economic zone.

South Africa's EEZ includes both that next to the African mainland and that around the Prince Edward Islands, totalling 1 535 538 km².^[37]

• Mainland 1 068 659 km²
• Prince Edward islands 466 879 km²

Republic of Korea (South Korea)[link]

Area: 300,851 (225,214) km²

United Kingdom[link]

The United Kingdom's exclusive economic zone is the fifth largest in the world at 6,805,586 square km. It comprises the exclusive economic zones surrounding the United Kingdom, the Crown Dependencies, and the British Overseas Territories. The figure does not include the EEZ of the British Antarctic Territory.

The exclusive economic zones of the United Kingdom in blue, including the British Overseas Territories and the Crown Dependencies. The British claim in Antarctica is shown in shaded blue.^[38]

†Part of the overseas territory of Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, which together has an EEZ of 1,641,294 square km.

Only the United Kingdom (including Rockall) and Gibraltar are part of the EU. The Channel Islands, the Isle of Man and the remaining overseas territories (that is, all except Gibraltar) are not part of the EU.

United States[link]

Exclusive economic zones of the United States, including insular areas.

The United States' exclusive economic zone is the largest in the world, covering 11,351,000 km². Areas of its EEZ are located not only along the eastern and western seaboards and Gulf of Mexico-bordering region of the continental United States, but are also located in the Caribbean Sea, Pacific Ocean and Arctic Ocean.

• Magnuson-Stevens Fisheries Conservation and Management Act of 1976

Rankings by area[link]

This list includes dependent territories within their sovereign states (including uninhabited territories), but does not include claims on Antarctica. EEZ+TIA is exclusive economic zone (EEZ) plus total internal area (TIA).

Country	EEZ km2[39][not in citation given]	Shelf km2	EEZ+TIA km2
United States	11,351,000	2,193,526	21,814,306
France	11,035,000	389,422	11,655,724
Australia	8,505,348	2,194,008	16,197,464
Russia	7,566,673	3,817,843	24,664,915
United Kingdom	6,805,586	722,891	7,048,486
New Zealand	6,682,503	277,610	6,953,478
Indonesia	6,159,032	2,039,381	8,019,392
Canada	5,599,077	2,644,795	15,607,077
Japan	4,479,388	454,976	4,857,318
China	3,879,666	831,340	13,520,487
Portugal	3,877,408	92,090	3,969,498
Chile	3,681,989	252,947	4,431,381
Brazil	3,660,955	774,563	12,175,832
Kiribati	3,441,810	7,523	3,442,536
Mexico	3,177,593	419,102	5,141,968
Federated States of Micronesia	2,996,419	19,403	2,997,121
Denmark	2,551,238	495,657	4,761,811
Papua New Guinea	2,402,288	191,256	2,865,128
Norway	2,385,178	434,020	2,770,404
India	2,305,143	402,996	5,592,406
Marshall Islands	1,990,530	18,411	1,990,711
Philippines	1,590,780	272,921	1,890,780
Solomon Islands	1,589,477	36,282	1,618,373
South Africa	1,535,538	156,337	2,756,575
22x20px Seychelles	1,336,559	39,063	1,337,014
Mauritius	1,284,997	29,061	1,287,037
Fiji	1,282,978	47,705	1,301,250
Madagascar	1,225,259	101,505	1,812,300
Argentina	1,159,063	856,346	3,939,463
Ecuador	1,077,231	41,034	1,333,600
Spain	1,039,233	77,920	1,545,225
Maldives	923,322	34,538	923,622
Somalia	825,052	55,895	1,462,709
Peru	815,915	82,000	2,101,131
Colombia	808,158	53,691	1,949,906
Cape Verde	800,561	5,591	804,594
Iceland	751,345	108,015	854,345
Tuvalu	749,790	3,575	749,816
Vanuatu	663,251	11,483	675,440
Tonga	659,558	8,517	660,305
Bahamas	654,715	106,323	668,658
Palau	603,978	2,837	604,437
Mozambique	578,986	94,212	1,380,576
Costa Rica	574,725	19,585	625,825
Namibia	564,748	86,698	1,388,864
Yemen	552,669	59,229	1,080,637
Italy	541,915	116,834	843,251
Oman	533,180	59,071	842,680
Myanmar	532,775	220,332	1,209,353
Sri Lanka	532,619	32,453	598,229
Angola	518,433	48,092	1,765,133
Greece	505,572	81,451	637,529
Venezuela	470,666	107,759	1,382,716
Vietnam	417,663	365,198	748,875
Ireland	410,310	139,935	480,583
Libya	351,589	64,763	2,111,129
Cuba	350,751	61,525	460,637
Panama	335,646	53,404	411,163
Malaysia	334,671	323,412	665,474
Nauru	308,480	41	308,501
Equatorial Guinea	303,509	7,820	331,560
Republic of Korea	300,851	225,214	400,529
Thailand	299,397	230,063	812,517
Morocco (without Western Sahara)	274,577	53,746	721,127
Egypt	263,451	61,591	1,265,451
Turkey	261,654	56,093	1,045,216
Jamaica	258,137	9,802	269,128
Dominican Republic	255,898	10,738	304,569
Liberia	249,734	17,715	361,103
Honduras	249,542	68,718	362,034
Tanzania	241,888	25,611	1,186,975
Pakistan	235,999	51,383	1,117,911
Ghana	235,349	22,502	473,888
Saudi Arabia	228,633	107,249	2,378,323
Nigeria	217,313	42,285	1,141,081
Sierra Leone	215,611	28,625	287,351
Gabon	202,790	35,020	470,458
Barbados	186,898	426	187,328
Côte d'Ivoire	176,254	10,175	498,717
Iran	168,718	118,693	1,797,468
Mauritania	165,338	31,662	1,190,858
Comoros	163,752	1,526	165,987
Sweden	160,885	154,604	602,255
Senegal	158,861	23,092	355,583
Netherlands	154,011	77,246	192,345
Ukraine	147,318	79,142	750,818
Uruguay	142,166	75,327	318,381
Guyana	137,765	50,578	352,734
North Korea	132,826	54,566	253,364
São Tomé and Príncipe	131,397	1,902	132,361
Samoa	127,950	2,087	130,781
Suriname	127,772	53,631	291,592
Haiti	126,760	6,683	154,510
Algeria	126,353	9,985	2,508,094
Nicaragua	123,881	70,874	254,254
Guinea-Bissau	123,725	39,339	159,850
Kenya	116,942	11,073	697,309
Guatemala	114,170	14,422	223,059
Antigua and Barbuda	110,089	4,128	110,531
Tunisia	101,857	67,126	265,467
Cyprus	98,707	4,042	107,958
El Salvador	90,962	16,852	112,003
Finland	87,171	85,109	425,590
Bangladesh	86,392	66,438	230,390
Taiwan	83,231	43,016	119,419
Eritrea	77,728	61,817	195,328
Trinidad and Tobago	74,199	25,284	79,329
East Timor	70,326	25,648	85,200
Sudan	68,148	19,827	1,954,216
Cambodia	62,515	62,515	243,550
Guinea	59,426	44,755	305,283
Croatia	59,032	50,277	115,626
United Arab Emirates	58,218	57,474	141,818
Germany	57,485	57,485	414,599
Malta	54,823	5,301	55,139
Estonia	36,992	36,992	82,219
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	36,302	1,561	36,691
Belize	35,351	13,178	58,317
Bulgaria	34,307	10,426	145,186
Benin	33,221	2,721	145,843
Qatar	31,590	31,590	43,176
Congo, Republic of the	31,017	7,982	373,017
Poland	29,797	29,797	342,482
Dominica	28,985	659	29,736
Latvia	28,452	27,772	93,011
Grenada	27,426	2,237	27,770
Israel	26,352	3,745	48,424
Romania	23,627	19,303	262,018
The Gambia	23,112	5,581	34,407
Georgia	21,946	3,243	91,646
Lebanon	19,516	1,067	29,968
Cameroon	16,547	11,420	491,989
Saint Lucia	15,617	544	16,156
Albania	13,691	6,979	42,439
Togo	12,045	1,265	68,830
Kuwait	11,026	11,026	28,844
Syria	10,503	1,085	195,683
Bahrain	10,225	10,225	10,975
Brunei	10,090	8,509	15,855
Saint Kitts and Nevis	9,974	653	10,235
Montenegro	7,745	3,896	21,557
Djibouti	7,459	3,187	30,659
Lithuania	7,031	7,031	72,331
Belgium	3,447	3,447	33,975
Democratic Republic of the Congo	1,606	1,593	2,346,464
Singapore	1,067	1,067	1,772
Iraq	771	771	439,088
Monaco	288		290
Palestine	256	256	6,276
Slovenia	220	220	20,493
Jordan	166	59	89,508
Bosnia and Herzegovina	50	50	51,259
Kazakhstan			2,724,900
Mongolia			1,564,100
Chad			1,284,000
Niger			1,267,000
Mali			1,240,192
Ethiopia			1,104,300
Bolivia			1,098,581
Zambia			752,612
Afghanistan			652,090
Central African Republic			622,984
South Sudan			619,745
Botswana			582,000
Turkmenistan			488,100
Uzbekistan			447,400
Paraguay			406,752
Zimbabwe			390,757
Burkina Faso			274,222
Uganda			241,038
Laos			236,800
Belarus			207,600
Kyrgyzstan			199,951
Nepal			147,181
Tajikistan			143,100
Malawi			118,484
Hungary			93,028
Azerbaijan			86,600
Austria			83,871
Czech Republic			78,867
Serbia			77,474
Slovakia			49,035
Switzerland			41,284
Bhutan			38,394
Moldova			33,846
Lesotho			30,355
Armenia			29,743
Burundi			27,834
Rwanda			26,338
Republic of Macedonia			25,713
Swaziland			17,364
Kosovo[a]			10,887
Luxembourg			2,586
Andorra			468
Liechtenstein			160
San Marino			61
Vatican City			0.44

See also[link]

Business and economics portal

• Air Defense Identification Zone
• Baseline
• Continental shelf
• International waters
• R. v. Marshall
• Territorial waters

Notes and references[link]

Notes:

References:

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Exclusive Economic Zones

• United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea - Part V
• Sea Around Us Project - View the EEZ of all nations (Note that this site does not distinguish between territorial waters and the EEZ, and so tends to overstate EEZ areas.)
• The USA zone since 1977
• GIS data: VLIZ.be
• Foreign Military Activities in Asian EEZs: Conflict Ahead? by Mark J. Valencia (May 2011)

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