- go to the top
- About WN
- Contact
- Feedback
- Privacy Policy
- © 2012 World News Inc., all Rights Reserved
Rhodes
Branches of Mathematics
Pure mathematics
Applied mathematics
- Dynamical systems and differential equations
- Mathematical physics
- Computing
- Information theory and signal processing
- Probability and statistics
- Game theory
- Operations research
Related Topics
- Electromagnetic Spectrum
- Linear Equations
- Applied Physics
- Nano Technology
- Engineering Sciences
- Mathematical Medicine
- Fluid dynamics
- Computational Mathematics
- Gamma Ray Optics
- Onfrared Optics
- Relative Velocity
- Iciam
- Intelligent Imaging Neuroscience
- Biomedical Engineering
- Neuroscience Research
- Quantum Cosmology
- Brain Research
Open Collage in a new Window
Email the Collage
- Loading...
Loading suggestions ...
- 16th century BC
- 8th century BC
- ??????? ??????????
- Acre, Israel
- Acropolis of Athens
- Acropolis of Lindos
- Acropolis of Rhodes
- Actis
- Acts of the apostles
- Adelfoi Islets
- Admiralty law
- Aegean civilization
- Aegean dispute
- Aegean Islands
- Aegean Sea
- Aegina
- Aeolic Greek
- Aeolis
- Aeschines
- Aeschylus
- Aesop
- Aesop's fable
- Afantou
- Afentis Christos
- Agathonisi
- Agesander of Rhodes
- Agioi Apostoloi
- Agios Efstratios
- Agora
- Agreloussa
- Alcaeus of Mytilene
- Alcibiades
- Alexander Kazhdan
- Alexander the Great
- Alexandria
- Alexios I Komnenos
- Alimia
- Alonnisos
- Ammouliani
- Amorgos
- Anafi
- Anavatis
- Anaxagoras
- Anaximander
- Ancient
- Ancient Corinth
- Ancient Greece
- Ancient Greek
- Ancient Greek law
- Ancient Greek temple
- Ancient Kamiros
- Ancient Rome
- Andros
- Angeloi
- Angistri
- Anthony Quinn
- Antikythera
- Antimilos
- Antioch
- Antiparos
- Antisthenes
- Antitilos
- Anydros Patmou
- Apella
- Apolakkia
- Apollona
- Apollonius of Rhodes
- Arcadocypriot Greek
- Archaic Greece
- Archangelos
- Archangelos (island)
- Archangelos, Rhodes
- Archilochus
- Archimedes
- Archipoli
- Archons of Athens
- Arefoussa
- Areopagus
- Argos Skiathou
- Aristophanes
- Aristotle
- Arkoi
- Armathia
- Army of Macedon
- Arnaouti
- Arnitha
- AS Rodos
- Asia Minor
- Asklipio
- Aspasia
- Aspros Volakas
- Assos
- Astakida
- Astrology
- Astypalaia
- Athenian democracy
- Athenian festivals
- Athens
- Attalid dynasty
- Attavyros
- Attic Greek
- Attic numerals
- Australia
- Avgo
- Ayvalık Islands
- Bacchylides
- Baroque
- Battering ram
- Battle of Manzikert
- Bronze Age collapse
- Byzantine Empire
- Büyük Ada
- Caesarea Maritima
- Caria
- Caroline Lawrence
- Castle of Kritinia
- Castle of Monolithos
- Chalavra
- Chalki
- Chamili
- Chares of Lindos
- Chiliomodi Patmou
- Chios
- Chondros (island)
- Christianity
- Chryse Island
- Chteni
- Cibyrrhaeot Theme
- Circa
- Citrus
- Classical Athens
- Classical Greece
- Cleobulus of Lindos
- Colossus of Rhodes
- Companion cavalry
- Crete
- Cunda Island
- Cyclades
- Cyprus
- Cythera (island)
- Damatria
- Danaus
- Dardanelles
- Dasia (islet)
- Daskaleia
- David Niven
- Delian League
- Delos
- Delphi
- Democritus
- Demosthenes
- Despotiko
- Dia (island)
- Diadochi
- Diagoras Airport
- Diagoras F.C.
- Diagoras of Rhodes
- Diagoras Stadium
- Diapori
- Dimylia
- Dinocrates
- Diodorus Siculus
- Diogenes of Sinope
- Dionysades
- Dionysius Thrax
- Dodecanese
- Dodecanese Campaign
- Dokos
- Donoussa
- Dorians
- Doric Greek
- Doric hexapolis
- Doris (Asia Minor)
- Earthquake
- Egypt
- Elasa
- Embona
- Empedocles
- Empire of Nicaea
- Empona
- Emponas
- Epaminondas
- Ephesus
- Epicurus
- Erinia
- Ermoupoli
- Escape to Athena
- Euboea
- Euclid
- Euripides
- Faliraki
- Fallow Deer
- Fanes
- Faradonesia
- Farmakonisi
- First Crusade
- Fokionisia
- Folegandros
- Fournoi Korseon
- Foça Islands
- Fragos
- Ftena Trachylia
- Gaidaros
- Galatia
- Geminus
- Gennadi
- Geometric Period
- German Army
- Gestapo
- Gioura
- Glaronisi
- Glaros Kinarou
- God of War II
- Gorgias
- Grammeza
- Gramvousa
- Grandes (islands)
- Graphē paranómōn
- Greece
- Greek alphabet
- Greek astronomy
- Greek Dark Ages
- Greek fire
- Greek language
- Greek mathematics
- Greek numerals
- Greek Orthodox
- Gregory Peck
- Gyali
- Gyaros
- Halicarnassus
- Halki (Greece)
- Haraki
- Harbour
- Hartmann Schedel
- HEBA A1
- Hegel
- Helepolis
- Heliaia
- Heliopolis (ancient)
- Helios
- Hellenic Air Force
- Hellenistic armies
- Hellenistic Greece
- Heraclitus
- Hermagoras
- Herodotus
- Hesiod
- Hibiscus
- Hipparchus
- Hippocrates
- Hippodamus
- Hipponax
- Historical
- Homer
- Homeric Greek
- Hoplite
- Hypatia
- Ialysos
- Ialyssos
- Ibycus
- Icaria
- Imbros
- Imia
- Imia Kardak
- Ioannis Machairidis
- Ionia
- Ionian Sea
- Ionic Greek
- Ios (island)
- Irakleia, Cyclades
- Israel
- Istrios
- Italian language
- Italo-Turkish War
- Jersey barrier
- Jew
- John Gabalas
- Jordan
- Kalathos
- Kalavarda
- Kallithea, Rhodes
- Kalolimnos
- Kalovolos
- Kalymnos
- Kalythies
- Kameiros
- Kamilonisi
- Kamiros
- Kandelioussa
- Kandeloussa
- Kara Ada (Bodrum)
- Karavi
- Karavolas Rodou
- Karga
- Karpathos
- Kasos
- Kastelorizo
- Katergo
- Kattavia
- Kavallos
- Kea (island)
- Kea-Kythnos
- Kechries
- Kefali
- Keros
- Kimolos
- Kinaros
- King of Athens
- Kingdom of Sicily
- Kings of Macedon
- Knidos
- Knights Hospitaller
- Koine Greek
- Kolokythas
- Kolossos Rodou BC
- Kos
- Kos (regional unit)
- Koskinou
- Koubelonisi
- Koufonisia
- Koukonesi
- Kouloundros
- Kouloura Leipson
- Kounoupoi
- Koursaroi
- Koutsomytis
- Kremasti
- Kritinia
- Kyra Panagia
- Kyriamadi
- Kythnos
- Küçük Tavşan Adası
- La Juderia
- Lachania
- Ladino language
- Laerma
- Lagousa
- Lardos
- Lartos
- Lawrence Durrell
- Lazaretta
- League of Corinth
- Lebanon
- Lebynthos
- Leipsoi
- Lekhoussa
- Lemnos
- Leo Gabalas
- Leon (Souda Bay)
- Leonidas I
- Leonidas of Rhodes
- Leros
- Lesbos Island
- Leucippus
- Levitha
- Lindos
- Linear A
- Linear B
- Locrian Greek
- Lucian
- Lycurgus of Sparta
- Lysander
- Magna Graecia
- Makronisi Kasou
- Makronisi Leipson
- Makronisos
- Makry Halkis
- Malona
- Malta
- Maritime law
- Maritsa, Rhodes
- Marmaras
- Marx
- Massari
- Mausolus
- Mavra Levithas
- Mavros
- Mavros Volakas
- Megalo Glaronisi
- Megalo Sofrano
- Megatzedes
- Mehmed II
- Memnon of Rhodes
- Menander
- Mesanagros
- Mesonisi Seirinas
- Metalik Ada
- Mikro Glaronisi
- Mikro Sofrano
- Miletus
- Milo of Croton
- Milos
- Mimnermus
- Minoan civilization
- Mochlos
- Monolithos, Greece
- Mortar (weapon)
- Muawiyah I
- Muslim
- Mycenaean Greece
- Mycenaean Greek
- Mykonos
- Mytilene
- Nata Island
- Naxos (island)
- Neolithic
- Nikolos
- Nimos
- Nisiopi
- Nisyros
- North Aegean
- Oinousses
- Olives
- Olympia, Greece
- Ottoman Empire
- Ottomans
- Pacheia
- Pacheia Nisyrou
- Paideia
- Palaiosouda
- Pamphylian Greek
- Paradeisi
- Paradisi, Greece
- Parmenides
- Paros
- Parthenon
- Pastida
- Patara (Lycia)
- Patmos
- Paul the Apostle
- Pausanias (general)
- Pefkos
- Peloponnese
- Peloponnesian War
- Peltast
- Pergamon
- Pergoussa
- Pericles
- Peristera
- Peristeri
- Peristerovrachoi
- Petalida
- Petalouda
- Petaloudes
- Pezhetairos
- Phalanx formation
- Philip II of Macedon
- Phrygia
- Piganoussa
- Pindar
- Pine
- Piperi, Greece
- Piri Reis
- Pitta (Island)
- Platania
- Plati Pserimou
- Plati Symis
- Plato
- Platy (island)
- PlayStation 2
- Plutarch
- Polyaigos
- Polybius
- Pontikaki
- Pontikonisi
- Pontikousa
- Pontus
- Poros
- Praso (Kissamos)
- Prasonisi
- Prasouda
- Profilia
- Prosfora
- Protagoras
- Proto-Greek language
- Psara
- Psathoura
- Pseira
- Pserimos
- Psinthos
- Psyttaleia
- Ptolemy
- Ptolemy I Soter
- Pylona
- Pyrrhus of Epirus
- Pythagoras
- Repi
- Republic of Genoa
- Rhetoric
- Rhode (mythology)
- Rhodes
- Rhodes (city)
- Rhodes blood libel
- Rhodes City
- Rhodes Footbridge
- Rhodes Old Town
- Rhodes, Greece
- Rhodian Sea Law
- Rineia
- Rise of Nations
- Ro (island)
- Rodi language
- Roger Moore
- Roman Greece
- Roman Mysteries
- Safonidi
- Salakos
- Salamis Island
- Salih Ada
- Samiopoula
- Samos
- Samothrace
- Santorini
- Sappho
- Sarakino
- Saria Island
- Sarissa
- Saronic Islands
- Schoinoussa
- Seirina
- Selahattin Ülkümen
- Seleucid army
- Seleucus I Nicator
- Seljuk dynasty
- Serifopoula
- Serifos
- Sesklio
- Siana (Rhodes)
- Sideros
- Siege engines
- Siege tower
- Sifnos
- Sikinos
- Simonides of Ceos
- Skandili
- Skantzoura
- Skiathos
- Skopelos
- Skyropoula
- Skyros
- Socrates
- Solon
- Sophocles
- Soroni
- Souda (island)
- South Aegean
- South Rhodes
- Sparta
- Spartan Army
- Spear
- Spetses
- Spinalonga
- Sporades
- Stesichorus
- Strongyli Kritinias
- Sultan
- Symi
- Syria
- Syrna (island)
- Syros
- Telchines
- Telendos
- Telly Savalas
- Template Aegean Sea
- Template Rhodes div
- Temple of Apollo
- Temple of Artemis
- Temple of Hephaestus
- Temple of Zeus
- Tenedos
- Thales of Miletus
- Thasos
- The Holocaust
- Themistocles
- Theodosios III
- Theognis of Megara
- Theologos
- Therasia
- Thermopylae
- Thucydides
- Thymaina
- Tiberius
- Tilos
- Timocreon
- Tinos
- Tragonisi
- Treaty of Lausanne
- Trianta
- Troad
- Troy
- Tsougria
- Turkey
- Tyre, Lebanon
- Tyrtaeus
- UTC+2
- UTC+3
- Valaxa
- Valenti
- Vati
- Vous Island
- Vryonisi
- Wikitravel
- Wine
- World Heritage Site
- World War II
- Xenophon
- Xyston
- Zafora
- Zaforas
- Zeno of Citium
- Çatalada
- Ιωάννης Μαχαιρίδης
-
Chester
Chester () is a city in Cheshire, England. Lying on the River Dee, close to the border with Wales, it is home to 77,040 inhabitants, and is the largest and most populous settlement of the wider unitary authority area of Cheshire West and Chester, which had a population of 328,100 according to the 2001 Census. Chester was granted city status in 1541.
http://wn.com/Chester -
Cornwall
Cornwall (; ) is a ceremonial county and unitary authority of England, United Kingdom, forming the tip of the south-western peninsula of Great Britain. It is bordered to the north and west by the Atlantic Ocean, to the south by the English Channel, and to the east by the county of Devon, over the River Tamar. Taken with the Isles of Scilly, Cornwall has a population of , and covers an area of . The administrative centre and only city is Truro.
http://wn.com/Cornwall -
Cumbria
Cumbria (, locally ) is a non-metropolitan county in North West England, United Kingdom. Cumbria came into existence as a county in 1974 after the passage of the Local Government Act 1972. The county consists of six districts, and in 2008 had a total population of just under half a million.
http://wn.com/Cumbria -
Cyprus
http://wn.com/Cyprus -
Eamont Bridge
Eamont Bridge is a small village immediately to the south of Penrith, Cumbria.
http://wn.com/Eamont_Bridge -
Great Britain
Great Britain is an island situated to the northwest of Continental Europe. It is the ninth largest island in the world, and the largest European island. With a population of about 60.0 million people in mid-2009, it is the third most populated island on Earth. Great Britain is surrounded by over 1,000 smaller islands and islets. The island of Ireland lies to its west. Politically, Great Britain may also refer to the island itself together with a number of surrounding islands which comprise the territory of England, Scotland and Wales.
http://wn.com/Great_Britain -
Italy
http://wn.com/Italy -
Penrith, Cumbria
Penrith is a market town in the county of Cumbria, England. It is in the Eden Valley, just north of the River Eamont, and lies less than outside the boundaries of the Lake District National Park. Other local rivers bounding the town are the River Lowther and the River Petteril. A partially man-made watercourse, known as Thacka Beck, flowing through the centre of the town, connects the Rivers Petteril and Eamont. For many centuries, the Beck provided the town with its main water supply.
http://wn.com/Penrith_Cumbria -
Stirling Castle
:For ships named after the castle, see Stirling Castle (disambiguation)
http://wn.com/Stirling_Castle -
Tintagel
Tintagel ( with the stress on the second syllable; ) (originally Trevena ()) is a civil parish and village situated on the Atlantic coast of Cornwall, United Kingdom. The population of the parish is 1,820 people, and the area of the parish is 4,281 acres.
http://wn.com/Tintagel -
Tristan
Tristan (Latin/Brythonic: Drustanus; ; also known as Tristran, Tristram, etc.) is one of the main characters of the Tristan and Iseult story, a Cornish hero and one of the Knights of the Round Table featuring in the Matter of Britain. He is the son of Blancheflor and Rivalen (in later versions Isabelle and Meliodas), and the nephew of King Mark of Cornwall, sent to fetch Iseult back from Ireland to wed the king. However, he and Iseult accidentally consume a love potion while en route and fall helplessly in love. The pair undergo numerous trials that test their secret affair.
http://wn.com/Tristan -
Wales
Wales ( ; pronounced ) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom, bordered by England to its east and the Atlantic Ocean and Irish Sea to its west. It has an estimated population of three million and is officially bilingual with the Welsh and English languages having equal status. The Welsh language is an important element of Welsh culture. Its decline has reversed over recent years, with Welsh speakers estimated to be around 20% of the population of Wales.
http://wn.com/Wales -
Winchester Castle
Winchester Castle is a medieval building in Hampshire, England. It was founded in in 1067. Only the Great Hall exists now; it houses a museum of the history of Winchester.
http://wn.com/Winchester_Castle
-
Arthurian legend
http://wn.com/Arthurian_legend -
Bretons
http://wn.com/Bretons -
Carannog
http://wn.com/Carannog -
Charlemagne
http://wn.com/Charlemagne -
Edward I of England
http://wn.com/Edward_I_of_England -
Einhard
Einhard (also Eginhard or Einhart) (c. 775 – March 14, 840, in Seligenstadt, Germany) was a Frankish scholar and courtier. Einhard was a dedicated servant of Charlemagne and his son Louis the Pious; his main work is a biography of Charlemagne, the Vita Karoli Magni, "one of the most precious literary bequests of the early Middle Ages."
http://wn.com/Einhard -
Geoffrey Ashe
Geoffrey Ashe (born 29 March 1923) is a British cultural historian, a writer of non-fiction books and novels.
http://wn.com/Geoffrey_Ashe -
Geoffrey of Monmouth
http://wn.com/Geoffrey_of_Monmouth -
Joseph of Arimathea
Joseph of Arimathea was, according to the Gospels, the man who donated his own prepared tomb for the burial of Jesus after Jesus' Crucifixion. He is mentioned in all four Gospels.
http://wn.com/Joseph_of_Arimathea -
Judas Iscariot
Judas Iscariot, (, Yehuda, ) was, according to the New Testament, one of the twelve original apostles of Jesus, and is best known for betraying Jesus into the hands of the chief priests.
http://wn.com/Judas_Iscariot -
King Arthur
King Arthur is a legendary British leader who, according to Medieval histories and romances, led the defence of Britain against Saxon invaders in the early sixth century. The details of Arthur's story are mainly composed of folklore and literary invention, and his historical existence is debated and disputed by modern historians. The sparse historical background of Arthur is gleaned from various sources, including the Annales Cambriae, the Historia Brittonum, and the writings of Gildas. Arthur's name also occurs in early poetic sources such as Y Gododdin.
http://wn.com/King_Arthur -
Layamon
Layamon or Laghamon (; ), occasionally written Lawman, was a poet of the early 13th century and author of the Brut, a notable English poem of the 12th century that was the first English language work to discuss the legends of Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table. Layamon describes himself in his poem as a priest, living at Areley Kings in Worcestershire. His poem provided inspiration for numerous later writers, including Sir Thomas Malory and Jorge Luis Borges, and had an impact on medieval history writing in England.
http://wn.com/Layamon -
Maleagant
http://wn.com/Maleagant -
Martin Biddle
Martin Biddle is a British archaeologist. He was educated at Merchant Taylors' School. His work was important in the development of medieval and post-medieval archaeology in Great Britain.
http://wn.com/Martin_Biddle -
Mary, Queen of Scots
Mary, Queen of Scots (born as Mary Stewart and known in French as Marie Stuart; 8 December 1542 – 8 February 1587) was Scottish queen regnant from 14 December 1542 to 24 July 1567. In lists of Scottish monarchs, she is recognised as Mary I.
http://wn.com/Mary_Queen_of_Scots -
Morholt
http://wn.com/Morholt -
Norris J. Lacy
Norris J. Lacy (born 1940) is an American scholar focusing on French medieval literature. He is the Edwin Erle Sparks Professor of French and Medieval Studies at the Pennsylvania State University. He is a leading expert on the Arthurian legend and has written and edited numerous books, papers, and articles on the topic.
http://wn.com/Norris_J_Lacy -
Notker the Stammerer
http://wn.com/Notker_the_Stammerer -
Rachel Bromwich
Rachel Bromwich (born 1915) is a British scholar. Her focus is on medieval Welsh literature. She is Emeritus Reader in Celtic Languages and Literature at the Department of Anglo-Saxon, Norse and Celtic at Cambridge. Among her most important contributions to the study of Welsh literature is Trioedd Ynys Prydein, her edition of the Welsh Triads. Originally published in 1963, a third thoroughly revised edition was published in 2005. It is much more widely consulted by scholars than might be supposed from the specialised nature of the text, thanks to her extensive notes on the names of a wide range of characters in Welsh myth and legend. Her other major contribution to Welsh scholarship is her series of books and articles on Dafydd ap Gwilym, the outstanding Welsh poet of the period, mostly summarised in Aspects of the Poetry of Dafydd ap Gwilym (Cardiff, 1985). With D. Simon Evans she produced editions of the major medieval Welsh tale Culhwch and Olwen in both Welsh (1988) and English (1992).
http://wn.com/Rachel_Bromwich -
René of Anjou
http://wn.com/René_of_Anjou -
Retha Warnicke
Professor Retha Marvine Warnicke (born 1939) American historian and Professor of History at Arizona State University. Warnicke graduated with a B.A. from Indiana University, magna cum laude, in 1961. She then moved on to Harvard University, were she earned her M.A. and Ph.D. in 1963 and 1969, respectively. During her junior year, she joined Phi Beta Kappa and in her senior year, she was granted the Listenfelt Scholarship, for outstanding Undergraduate History Major, following in 1961 with the Woodrow Wilson Fellowship.
http://wn.com/Retha_Warnicke -
Robert de Boron
Robert de Boron (also spelled in the manuscripts "Bouron", "Beron") was a French poet of the late 12th and early 13th centuries who is most notable as the author of the poems ''Joseph d'Arimathe and Merlin''.
http://wn.com/Robert_de_Boron -
Roger S. Loomis
http://wn.com/Roger_S_Loomis -
Round Table
The Round Table is King Arthur's famed table in the Arthurian legend, around which he and his Knights congregate. As its name suggests, it has no head, implying that everyone who sits there has equal status. The table was first described in 1155 by Wace, who relied on previous depictions of Arthur's fabulous retinue. The symbolism of the Round Table developed over time; by the close of the 12th century it had come to represent the chivalric order associated with Arthur's court, the Knights of the Round Table.
http://wn.com/Round_Table -
Segwarides
Segwarides is a Knight of the Round Table in the Arthurian legend. In the Prose Tristan and Sir Thomas Malory's ''Le Morte d'Arthur'', Segwarides is a liegeman of King Mark who is cuckholded by Tristan. Malory also lists an individual of this name as a son of the Saracen king Esclabor; his brothers are Palamedes and Safir. It seems there were originally two characters of this name, but the stories in which they appear fail to differentiate between them.
http://wn.com/Segwarides -
Tristan
Tristan (Latin/Brythonic: Drustanus; ; also known as Tristran, Tristram, etc.) is one of the main characters of the Tristan and Iseult story, a Cornish hero and one of the Knights of the Round Table featuring in the Matter of Britain. He is the son of Blancheflor and Rivalen (in later versions Isabelle and Meliodas), and the nephew of King Mark of Cornwall, sent to fetch Iseult back from Ireland to wed the king. However, he and Iseult accidentally consume a love potion while en route and fall helplessly in love. The pair undergo numerous trials that test their secret affair.
http://wn.com/Tristan -
Wace
Wace (c. 1115 – c. 1183) was an Anglo-Norman poet, who was born in Jersey and brought up in mainland Normandy (he tells us in the Roman de Rou that he was taken as a child to Caen), ending his career as Canon of Bayeux.
http://wn.com/Wace
Rhodes, Will Filmography
Rhodes Filmography
Rhodes, Don Filmography
Send this Playlist by SMS
Email this Page
Rhodes Island Rodos Rhodos GREECE (HD-English version)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:46
- Published: 11 Mar 2009
- Updated: 19 Jul 2012
(High Definition - English version). Touristic Video Guide. Producer: Dimitris Theodorou, (DT Productions). Narrator: Brad Willoughby. Editor: Yiannis Christodoulou, Music: Nikos Katsanos, Graphics: Nikos Dekoulis, Cameras: Kostas Agiannitis & Dimitris Fassakis, Director: Kostas Agiannitis. Rhodes, The Island of the Sun Rhodes lies 270 nautical miles from Piraeus and is surrounded by the islands of Simi, Tilos, Chalki and Alimia as well as rocky outcroppings like Tragoussa, Drossonissi, Prassonissi and others. It has an area of 1400 sq. km. and a coastline length of 220 km. The land is by and large mountainous -the highest mountain is Attaviros with 1215m. height-, with small plains, verdant ravines and river beds, valleys and plateaus and long sandy beaches. Island of Rhodes has always been a major attraction for tourists from every corner of the world. Whether you like, nature, night life, Culture, History (Rhodes is where Colossus, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient world once stood) or if you just want to get-away from it all for a while, and get a bronze-like tan, Rhodes island has it all. The continual sunshine -an average 300 days of sunshine a year- and the mild climate make the island suitable for viticulture. Its superb climate, the fertile soil and the geographical position are the main factors which have made the island densely populated from antiquity up to the present. Its population today is around 90000 and they are able to host more than 1250000 <b>...</b>
http://wn.com/Rhodes_Island_Rodos_Rhodos_GREECE_HD-English_version
Rhodes Island Guide
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:45
- Published: 02 Aug 2009
- Updated: 19 Jul 2012
Travel guide about interesting places on Rhodes island such as Lindos, Anthony Quinn Bay, Kalithea, Filerimos and Ixia. Also see our other 2 Rhodes videoes: Rhodes Town Guide and Rhodes Faliraki Guide. These videoes were made after a holliday trip to Rhodes because we think it is difficult to find good informative objective information about most travel destinations. Hopefully these videoes can help people plan a trip and plan what to do.
http://wn.com/Rhodes_Island_Guide
Rhodes Rhodos Rodos Island Greece
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:21
- Published: 12 Sep 2007
- Updated: 19 Jul 2012
Rhodes is the largest of the Dodecanese islands in terms of both land area and population, situated in eastern Aegean Sea. It lies approximately 11 miles (18 km) to the west of the Turkish shores, situated between the Greek mainland and the island of Cyprus. As of 2007, it has a population that exceeds 130000, of whom roughly 80000 reside in the City of Rhodes, the island's capital. Historically, Rhodes was famous worldwide for the Colossus of Rhodes, one of the Seven Wonders of the World. The medieval Old Town of the City of Rhodes has been declared a World Heritage Site. Today Rhodes is a major international tourist destination. rodos rhodes rodhos rodi ρόδος greece grecia griechenland island isla isola ιnsel aegean sea sexy beach faliraki holiday Music By: Late Night Alumni - Empty Streets
http://wn.com/Rhodes_Rhodos_Rodos_Island_Greece
Fender Rhodes amp test
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:17
- Published: 03 Mar 2007
- Updated: 20 Jul 2012
This is a short Fender Rhodes amplification test comparing a Roland KC-350 keyboard amp and a Fender Twin Reverb. The signal is then split using a boss AB switch where the KC-350 is connected to channel A and the fender twin is connected to channel B. The signal on channel A goes through a tube pre-amp and then into the KC-350. The signal on channel B goes directly into the Fender Twin Reverb. The recordings where made using identical microphones and settings on both amps. The final recording is made by connecting the tube pre-amp directly to the mixer. ------------------------ October 6. 2007 Thank you ! Well, do you need a tube amp to get a great Rhodes sound ? In general: NO ! Many tube amps drain the dynamics from the characteristic Rhodes sound. Unless you go for a more harsh and cutting sound, you should look for alternative amplification. Many Rhodes recordings that you can hear on records are recorded directly from the harp of the Rhodes using a DI-box or pre-amp. There is no need for tubes, unless you want to crunch things up a little bit. High quality solid-state pre-amps will do a very good job ! Actually I have used a Crunch Master in this video. I have owned the device since 1988 and I am quite happy with it. What makes it very special is that it's not only a pre-amp, but also a 1 watt power amp, providing the more nice sounding power-amp crunch/distortion. If you want to try it with the Rhodes I recommend you to use the cab-output (it has a cabinet simulator <b>...</b>
http://wn.com/Fender_Rhodes_amp_test
The Colossus of Rhodes Island (Rhodos, Rodos) - Greece
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:33
- Published: 15 Nov 2008
- Updated: 13 Jul 2012
The Colossus of Rhodes was a statue of the Greek god Helios, erected on the Greek island of Rhodes by Chares of Lindos between 292 and 280 BC. It is considered one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. Before its destruction, the Colossus of Rhodes stood over 30 meters (107 ft) high, making it one of the tallest statues of the ancient world. Video sourece: Discovery Channel --- If you are the COPYRIGHT OWNER of this video content , may we, please, ask that you first contact us at pipperd [at] gmail.com, requesting that we delete the content - without filling a complaint to the YouTube administration - and we WILL DELETE IT IMMEDIATELY.
http://wn.com/The_Colossus_of_Rhodes_Island_Rhodos,_Rodos_Greece
【DEMO】Rhodes mk7 Active Series
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:59
- Published: 19 Nov 2009
- Updated: 19 Jul 2012
Please request any products you want musictrack.jp DEMO by Katsunori UJIIE BrandNew Rhodes mk7 Active Series white model. review site(japanese) musictrack.jp
http://wn.com/【DEMO】Rhodes_mk7_Active_Series
Rhodes Piano 1977 with the Vintage Vibe Quadrapuss
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:16
- Published: 26 Mar 2009
- Updated: 20 Jul 2012
A fully restored Rhodes 1977 with our custom effects rail. We are selling this piano on our website. For more details visit: www.vintagevibe.com
http://wn.com/Rhodes_Piano_1977_with_the_Vintage_Vibe_Quadrapuss
Jordan Rhodes 5 Goals against Wycombe. Wanderers 0 - 6 Huddersfield Town
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:36
- Published: 06 Jan 2012
- Updated: 16 Jul 2012
Check out Jordans Post-Match Interview adf.ly This video is all 5 goals scored by Jordan Rhodes at Huddersfield Town's visit to Wycombe. After an opening goal from Oscar Gobern, Rhodes found it easy to slot in 5 beautiful goals for Huddersfield.
http://wn.com/Jordan_Rhodes_5_Goals_against_Wycombe_Wanderers_0_6_Huddersfield_Town
Wiley Vs. Rhodes
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:38
- Published: 25 Oct 2010
- Updated: 14 Jul 2012
Fender Rhodes Piano Groovin'
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:10
- Published: 29 Feb 2008
- Updated: 19 Jul 2012
playin' over a loop
http://wn.com/Fender_Rhodes_Piano_Groovin'
DUSTY RHODES HARD TIMES PROMO
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:42
- Published: 23 Feb 2009
- Updated: 20 Jul 2012
The greatest promo ever
http://wn.com/DUSTY_RHODES_HARD_TIMES_PROMO
Cecil Rhodes & The Round Table Group
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:41
- Published: 05 Aug 2008
- Updated: 16 Jul 2012
www.infowars.com www.prisonplanet.com Cecil Rhodes-- the notorious diamond chieftan-- set up a secret society (and willed its continuation) that would forward the agenda to establish a world federation of Anglo nations-- which would go on to dominate the entire world. Carroll Quigley reveals a great deal about the Rhodes-Milner Round Table secret society that launched in South Africa between the Boer Wars and continued via Oxford recruiting and the Rhodes Scholarship. The group then launched the Royal Institute of International Affairs, the Council on Foreign Relations and other splinter groups with similar aims.
http://wn.com/Cecil_Rhodes_The_Round_Table_Group
Jonty Rhodes run out
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:44
- Published: 19 Sep 2006
- Updated: 14 Jul 2012
Jonty run out during world cup, incredible work... www.phpbbplanet.com
http://wn.com/Jonty_Rhodes_run_out
Herbie Hancock on Miles Davis
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:30
- Published: 15 Sep 2009
- Updated: 21 Jul 2012
Herbie is asked to play a piece on the Rhodes that symbolizes Miles Davis.
http://wn.com/Herbie_Hancock_on_Miles_Davis
Early Ali G Interview Sir Rhodes Boyson
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:33
- Published: 04 Dec 2006
- Updated: 15 Jul 2012
Da Ali G Show - Sir Rhodes Boyson Interview
http://wn.com/Early_Ali_G_Interview_Sir_Rhodes_Boyson
Rhodes Piano Stage 1972
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:39
- Published: 31 Oct 2008
- Updated: 09 Jul 2012
A vintage Rhodes 1972 being played. We have this piano for sale, you can view all the details here: www.vintagevibe.com
http://wn.com/Rhodes_Piano_Stage_1972
Deborah Rhodes: A tool that finds 3x more breast tumors, and why it's not available to you
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 21:41
- Published: 06 Jan 2011
- Updated: 18 Jul 2012
www.ted.com Working with a team of physicists, Dr. Deborah Rhodes developed a new tool for tumor detection that's 3 times as effective as traditional mammograms for women with dense breast tissue. The life-saving implications are stunning. So why haven't we heard of it? Rhodes shares the story behind the tool's creation, and the web of politics and economics that keep it from mainstream use.TEDTalks is a daily video podcast of the best talks and performances from the TED Conference, where the world's leading thinkers and doers give the talk of their lives in 18 minutes. Featured speakers have included Al Gore on climate change, Philippe Starck on design, Jill Bolte Taylor on observing her own stroke, Nicholas Negroponte on One Laptop per Child, Jane Goodall on chimpanzees, Bill Gates on malaria and mosquitoes, Pattie Maes on the "Sixth Sense" wearable tech, and "Lost" producer JJ Abrams on the allure of mystery. TED stands for Technology, Entertainment, Design, and TEDTalks cover these topics as well as science, business, development and the arts. Closed captions and translated subtitles in a variety of languages are now available on TED.com, at http Watch a highlight reel of the Top 10 TEDTalks at www.ted.com
http://wn.com/Deborah_Rhodes_A_tool_that_finds_3x_more_breast_tumors,_and_why_it's_not_available_to_you
Rhodes part 1 - Greek Isles
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:28
- Published: 04 Jun 2009
- Updated: 10 May 2012
The massive double walls around Rhodes are still standing after many centuries of protecting this historic town from invasion. We walk the little back alleys and main shopping lanes.
http://wn.com/Rhodes_part_1_Greek_Isles
Ally Rhodes - Fresh Tracks (Official Video)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:02
- Published: 10 Mar 2012
- Updated: 19 Jul 2012
Buy this song on iTunes here: itunes.apple.com My album "Illuminated" is also available on iTunes: itunes.apple.com And also on my website: allyrhodes.bigcartel.com allyrhodes.net http facebook.com itunes.apple.com Produced by Spicy G (www.youtube.com Video Produced by: Jay "The Master" Lee Written by Ally Rhodes LYRICS: i'm not going anywhere without you you don't understand how much i have to lose cuz you don't see the wreckage that you leave when you hide yourself away from me you tell me not to close the doors cuz the windows aren't enough escapism ain't your forte, babe i could teach you but it's tough and i don't want to refuse to help you go i need to keep you it's selfishness, i know it's been a good four or five years and after all this time i'm still right here it'd be a long way home and we didn't mark the path back too long for the fresh tracks maybe you're weary and i feel like i'm losing my grip but hope is near we won't find it alone and we didn't mark the path back too long for the fresh tracks don't know how much faster i can run but i have to keep on keeping up cuz i can't let you get so far away that you find your mind and make it change you're holding out your arms for me but you always pull away glue them to your side pretend you've got nothing to say cuz you're too scared to but baby you're just glass to me, just see through when you put on your act it's been a good four or five years and after all this time i'm still right here it'd be a long way <b>...</b>
http://wn.com/Ally_Rhodes_Fresh_Tracks_Official_Video
Building Crossplatform Mobile Apps with the Rhodes Framework
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 58:16
- Published: 24 Mar 2009
- Updated: 09 Jul 2012
Google Tech Talks March 4, 2009 ABSTRACT Rhodes is an open source Ruby-based MVC framework for building locally executing, device-optimized mobile applications which run on all smartphone devices. It is similar concept to frameworks such as Rails, Merb and Django but is much lighterweight in order to run locally on smartphones with limited memory and resources. Rhodes is primarily targeted at applications that work with synchronized local data from server application backends, using the other source component RhoSync . Rhodes also allows you to take advantage of native device capabilities such as GPS, PIM contacts and camera. Yet the majority of your interface development is done by modifying HTML templates. Rhodes is available for iPhone, Windows Mobile and Research in Motion, Symbian and Android smartphones. In this session we'll demonstrate building a mobile app from scratch which runs on all of these devices. Rhomobile is the open mobile framework company. Our mission is to build open source components to facilitate building crossplatform mobile apps quickly and with a great user experience. Our components include the Rhodes framework, the RhoSync synchronization server and the RhoVer mobile app provisioning server. Speaker: Adam Blum Currently CEO of stealth mode mobile software platform startup. Formerly the VP of Engineering of Mobio and Engineering director for Good Technology. Ultramarathoner, author and adjunct professor at Carnegie Mellon West and UC Berkeley.
http://wn.com/Building_Crossplatform_Mobile_Apps_with_the_Rhodes_Framework
The Texas Troubadours -- Leon Rhodes, Buddy Charleton - Rhodes-Bud Boogie
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:22
- Published: 16 Feb 2007
- Updated: 19 Jul 2012
Leon Rhodes and Buddy Charleton of the Texas Troubadours boogie down as only they can on this wonderful song. From Ernest Tubb Show mid 1960s.
http://wn.com/The_Texas_Troubadours_-_Leon_Rhodes,_Buddy_Charleton_Rhodes-Bud_Boogie
nick rhodes on keyboards
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:45
- Published: 07 Aug 2008
- Updated: 21 Jul 2012
go nicky!
http://wn.com/nick_rhodes_on_keyboards
Lou Rhodes - One Good Thing
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:44
- Published: 25 Mar 2010
- Updated: 18 Jul 2012
Buy the album www.itunes.com Taken from Lou Rhodes' third album, One Good Thing, released through Motion Audio on the 14th March 2010. Manchesters most cherished and acclaimed female soul returns with her most brutally raw record to date. One Good Thing disarmingly documents the last two years of Lous life. With exquisite attention to detail, it was recorded over an intensive two-week period. This third album, which follows 2006s Mercury Prize nominated, Beloved One, and 2007s frank follow-up, Bloom, was recorded solely in live takes with minimal editing and overdubs to reflect the brutal rawness of its subject matter. www.lourhodes.com http www.facebook.com www.twitter.com
http://wn.com/Lou_Rhodes_One_Good_Thing
Creative Commons / Jebulon
Creative Commons / Swampyank
Creative Commons / Swampyank
Public Domain / Greenstrat
Creative Commons / Geoking66
Creative Commons
Creative Commons
Creative Commons
Creative Commons
Creative Commons
Creative Commons
Creative Commons
Public Domain / Daderot
Public Domain / Daderot
Public Domain / Daderot
Public Domain / Daderot
Public Domain / Bill Koplitz
Public Domain / Bill Koplitz
Creative Commons / Stephen Frede
Public Domain / Karelj
Public Domain / Karelj
Creative Commons / Hilton1949
US Coastguard
Creative Commons / Phanly
Creative Commons / Paul Hanly
Creative Commons / Paul Hanly
Creative Commons / Phanly
Creative Commons / JROBBO
Creative Commons / J Bar
US Coastguard / Chief Petty Officer Christopher Wheeler.
photo: AP / Alastair Grant
01 Aug 2012
LONDON — Maica Garcia scored her second goal of the night with under a minute to play and Spain rallied for a 9-9 draw against the United States on Wednesday in women's water polo at the...
photo: US DoD / Erin A. Kirk-Cuomo
01 Aug 2012
US military report recommends basing carrier strike group in Perth. US base in Perth would cost billions Strike group includes aircraft carrier, 9 squadrons, 2 submarines A US military report, to be...
photo: AP / Sergey Ponomarev
31 Jul 2012
LONDON — Vincent Hancock nearly retired from competition a year ago, then decided to chase another Olympic gold medal. Smart move. At 23, Hancock is a two-time Olympic champion in...
photo: WN / Marzena J.
29 Jul 2012
LONDON (AP) -- Around the 2012 Olympics and its host city with journalists from The Associated Press bringing the flavor and details of the games to you: --- HANDING OUT HUGS After the first U.S. win,...
photo: AP / Peter Dejong
26 Jul 2012
The England international striker has returned to London after being granted compassionate leave by the club following the death of his cousin while holidaying in St Lucia By Tom...
Huffington Post
The Chocolate Mill Overlook Park created 12 temporary jobs....(size: 6.3Kb)
The Providence Journal
PRINCETON, N.J. -- Rhode Island and Hawaii rank as America's most Democratic states, though both lag far behind the District of...(size: 0.8Kb)
The Providence Journal
CRANSTON, R.I. -- The 169th Military Police Company is beginning a 10-month deployment on Sunday, the...(size: 0.7Kb)
Yahoo Daily News
Rhode Island becomes second state to host innovative academy Kingston, RI (PRWEB) August 03, 2012 Less than 3 percent of America’s foster youth earn four year degrees compared to 30 percent of the general population*. Today, for the 20 foster youth who completed their inaugural summer at the...(size: 10.6Kb)
The Daily Mail
Blackburn have completed...(size: 0.2Kb)
Rhode Islander Beisel goes for gold in 200 back
03 Aug 2012
The Boston Globe
LONDONâRhode Islander Elizabeth Beisel (BEYE'-zuhl) is going for the gold in the...(size: 0.5Kb)
The Guardian
Look away...(size: 0.1Kb)
The Daily Mail
Blackburn are close to...(size: 0.2Kb)
Washington Trust Selects I Luv RI August Photo Contest Winner Photo of Rhode Island Beach ...
02 Aug 2012
CNBC
WESTERLY, R.I., Aug 01, 2012 (BUSINESS WIRE) -- Washington Trust, Rhode Island's largest independent bank, and Rhode Island Monthly announced "Where's Waldo on Salty Brine," a photo taken by Barbara McCormick of Wakefield, R.I., as the recent winner of the I Luv RI 2012 photography contest....(size: 3.0Kb)
The State
Stevie Morrison and Ben Rhodes won two races Thursday in the men's 49er sailing competition, highlighting a good day on the waters for Great Britain. Following the victories, Morrison and Rhodes sit in second in the class, also known as men's skiff, behind...(size: 1.7Kb)
This article is about the Greek island of Rhodes. For other uses, see Rhodes (disambiguation).
"Rodi" redirects here. For the language, see Rodi language.
 |
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (May 2009) |
| Rhodes Ρόδος |
|
|---|---|
 Palace of the Grand Master in the city of Rhodes |
|
| Location | |
 Rhodes
|
|
| Coordinates | 36°10′N 28°0′E / 36.167°N 28°E / 36.167; 28Coordinates: 36°10′N 28°0′E / 36.167°N 28°E / 36.167; 28 |
|
Location within the region
 |
|
| Government | |
| Country: | Greece |
| Region: | South Aegean |
| Regional unit: | Rhodes |
| Population statistics (as of 2001) | |
| Municipality | |
| - Population: | 117,007 |
| - Area: | 1,407.9 km2 (544 sq mi) |
| - Density: | 83 /km2 (215 /sq mi) |
| Other | |
| Time zone: | EET/EEST (UTC+2/3) |
| Elevation (min-max): | 0–1,216 m (0–3990 ft) |
| Postal code: | 85x xx |
| Telephone: | 2241-2247 |
| Auto: | ΡΟ |
| Website | |
| www.rhodes.gr | |
Rhodes (Greek: Ρόδος, Ródos, [ˈroðos]) is an island in Greece, located in the eastern Aegean Sea. It is the largest of the Dodecanese islands in terms of both land area and population, with a population of 117,007,[1] and also the island group's historical capital. Administratively the island forms a separate municipality within the Rhodes regional unit, which is part of the South Aegean region. The principal town of the island and seat of the municipality is Rhodes.[2] The city of Rhodes had 53,709 inhabitants in 2001. It is located northeast of Crete, southeast of Athens and southwest of the Anatolian coast in Turkey.
Historically, Rhodes was famous worldwide for the Colossus of Rhodes, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. The medieval Old Town of the City of Rhodes has been declared a World Heritage Site. Today, it is one of the most popular tourist destinations in Europe.[3][4][5][6]
Contents |
Name[link]
The island has been known as Ρόδος in Greek throughout its history. In addition, the island has been called Italian: Rodi, Ottoman Turkish: ردوس Rodos, and Ladino: Rodi or Rodes.
Geography[link]
Rhodes is closer to Asia Minor than to the Greek mainland.
The island of Rhodes is shaped like a spearhead, 79.7 km (49.5 mi) long and 38 km (24 mi) wide, with a total area of approximately 1,400 square kilometres (541 sq mi) and a coastline of approximately 220 km (137 mi). The city of Rhodes is located at the northern tip of the island, as well as the site of the ancient and modern commercial harbours. The main air gateway (Diagoras International Airport, IATA code: RHO) is located 14 km (9 mi) to the southwest of the city in Paradisi. The road network radiates from the city along the east and west coasts.
Outside of the city of Rhodes, the island is dotted with small villages and beach resorts, among them Faliraki, Lindos, Kremasti, Haraki, Pefkos, Archangelos, Afantou, Koskinou, Embona (Attavyros), Paradisi, and Trianta (Ialysos).
It is situated 363 km (226 mi) east-south-east from Greece mainland and only 18 km (11 mi) from the southern shore of Turkey.
Climate[link]
| Climate data for Rhodes | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Average high °C (°F) | 14.9 (58.8) |
15.2 (59.4) |
16.9 (62.4) |
20.2 (68.4) |
24.3 (75.7) |
28.4 (83.1) |
30.5 (86.9) |
30.6 (87.1) |
28.3 (82.9) |
24.4 (75.9) |
20.1 (68.2) |
16.6 (61.9) |
22.53 (72.56) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 11.7 (53.1) |
12.0 (53.6) |
13.6 (56.5) |
16.7 (62.1) |
20.5 (68.9) |
24.7 (76.5) |
26.9 (80.4) |
26.9 (80.4) |
24.6 (76.3) |
20.6 (69.1) |
16.4 (61.5) |
13.4 (56.1) |
19.00 (66.20) |
| Average low °C (°F) | 8.6 (47.5) |
8.7 (47.7) |
10.0 (50.0) |
12.7 (54.9) |
15.8 (60.4) |
19.8 (67.6) |
22.2 (72.0) |
22.6 (72.7) |
20.5 (68.9) |
16.8 (62.2) |
13.1 (55.6) |
10.4 (50.7) |
15.10 (59.18) |
| Precipitation mm (inches) | 147.8 (5.819) |
117.7 (4.634) |
75.3 (2.965) |
24.0 (0.945) |
14.0 (0.551) |
2.9 (0.114) |
0.1 (0.004) |
0.1 (0.004) |
7.1 (0.28) |
64.3 (2.531) |
88.4 (3.48) |
145.3 (5.72) |
687 (27.05) |
| Avg. precipitation days (≥ 1 mm) | 11.5 | 9.0 | 6.7 | 3.4 | 1.9 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.9 | 4.5 | 6.3 | 10.8 | 55.7 |
| Source: Hong Kong Observatory[7] | |||||||||||||
Flora[link]
The interior of the island is mountainous, sparsely inhabited and covered with forests of pine (Pinus brutia) and cypress (Cupressus sempervirens). While the shores are rocky, the island has arable strips of land where citrus fruit, wine grapes, vegetables, olives and other crops are grown.
Fauna[link]
The Rhodian population of fallow deer was found to be genetically distinct in 2005, and to be of urgent conservation concern.[8] In Petaludes Valley (Greek for "Valley of the Butterflies"), large numbers of tiger moths gather during the summer months. Mount Attavyros, at 1,216 metres (3,990 ft), is the island's highest point of elevation.
Geology - Earthquakes[link]
Earthquakes include the 226 BC earthquake that destroyed the Colossus of Rhodes; one on 3 May 1481 which destroyed much of the city of Rhodes;[9] and one on 26 June 1926.[10]
On 15 July 2008, Rhodes was struck by a 6.3 magnitude earthquake causing minor damage to a few old buildings. One woman lost her life when she fell down stairs while trying to flee her home.[11]
History[link]
Antiquity[link]
Further information: Rhodes (city)
The island was inhabited in the Neolithic period, although little remains of this culture. In the 16th century BC, the Minoans came to Rhodes. Later Greek mythology recalled a Rhodian race called the Telchines, and associated the island of Rhodes with Danaus; it was sometimes nicknamed Telchinis. In the 15th century BC, Mycenaean Greeks invaded. After the Bronze Age collapse, the first renewed outside contacts were with Cyprus.[12] In the 8th century BC, the island's settlements started to form, with the coming of the Dorians, who built the three important cities of Lindos, Ialyssos and Kameiros, which together with Kos, Cnidus and Halicarnassus (on the mainland) made up the so-called Dorian Hexapolis (Greek for six cities).
Before archaeology, myth stood in for blanks in the historical record. In Pindar's ode, the island was said to be born of the union of Helios the sun god and the nymph Rhode, and the cities were named for their three sons. The rhoda is a pink hibiscus native to the island. Diodorus Siculus added that Actis, one of the sons of Helios and Rhode, travelled to Egypt. He built the city of Heliopolis and taught the Egyptians the science of astrology.[13]
In the second half of the 8th century, the sanctuary of Athena received votive gifts that are markers for cultural contacts: small ivories from the Near East and bronze objects from Syria. At Kameiros on the northwest coast, a former Bronze Age site, where the temple was founded in the 8th century, there is another notable contemporaneous sequence of carved ivory figurines. Phoenician presence on the island at Ialysos is attested in traditions recorded much later by Rhodian historians.
The Persians invaded and overran the island, but were in turn defeated by forces from Athens in 478 BC. The cities joined the Athenian League. When the Peloponnesian War broke out in 431 BC, Rhodes remained largely neutral, although it remained a member of the League. The war lasted until 404 BC, but by this time Rhodes had withdrawn entirely from the conflict and decided to go her own way.
In 408 BC, the cities united to form one territory. They built the city of Rhodes, a new capital on the northern end of the island. Its regular plan was superintended by the Athenian architect Hippodamus. The Peloponnesian War had so weakened the entire Greek culture that it lay open to invasion. In 357 BC, the island was conquered by the king Mausolus of Caria, then it fell to the Persians in 340 BC. Their rule was also short. To the great relief of its citizens, Rhodes became a part of the growing empire of Alexander the Great in 332 BC, after he defeated the Persians.
Following the death of Alexander, his generals vied for control of the kingdom. Three: Ptolemy, Seleucus, and Antigonus, succeeded in dividing the kingdom among themselves. Rhodes formed strong commercial and cultural ties[14] with the Ptolemies in Alexandria, and together formed the Rhodo-Egyptian alliance that controlled trade throughout the Aegean in the 3rd century BC.
The city developed into a maritime, commercial and cultural center; its coins circulated nearly everywhere in the Mediterranean. Its famous schools of philosophy, science, literature and rhetoric shared masters with Alexandria: the Athenian rhetorician Aeschines, who formed a school at Rhodes; Apollonius of Rhodes; the observations and works of the astronomers Hipparchus and Geminus, the rhetorician Dionysios Trax. Its school of sculptors developed a rich, dramatic style that can be characterized as "Hellenistic Baroque".
In 305 BC, Antigonus directed his son, Demetrius, to besiege Rhodes in an attempt to break its alliance with Egypt. Demetrius created huge siege engines, including a 180 ft (55 m) battering ram and a siege tower named Helepolis that weighed 360,000 pounds (163,293 kg). Despite this engagement, in 304 BC after only one year, he relented and signed a peace agreement, leaving behind a huge store of military equipment. The Rhodians sold the equipment and used the money to erect a statue of their sun god, Helios, the statue since called the Colossus of Rhodes.
In 164 BC, Rhodes signed a treaty with Rome. It became an educational center for Roman noble families, and was especially noted for its teachers of rhetoric, such as Hermagoras and the unknown author of Rhetorica ad Herennium. At first, the state was an important ally of Rome and enjoyed numerous privileges, but these were later lost in various machinations of Roman politics. Cassius eventually invaded the island and sacked the city.
In the 1st century AD, the Emperor Tiberius spent a brief term of exile on Rhodes. Saint Paul brought Christianity to people on the island.[15] Rhodes reached her zenith in the 3rd century.
Medieval period[link]
In 395, the long Byzantine period began for Rhodes, when the eastern half of the Roman empire became gradually more Greek.
Beginning after 600 AD, its influence in maritime issues was manifested in the collection of maritime law known as "Rhodian Sea Law" (Nomos Rhodion Nautikos), accepted throughout the Mediterranean and in use throughout Byzantine times (and influencing the development of admiralty law up to the present).[citation needed]
Rhodes was occupied by the Muslim forces of Muawiyah I in 654, who carried off the remains of the Colossus of Rhodes. In 715 the Byzantine fleet launched a rebellion at Rhodes, which led to the installation of Theodosios III on the Byzantine throne. The island was soon after captured by the Arabs as part of their attack on COnstantinople, but their fleet was destroyed by storms and Greek fire and the island liberated.[16]
From the early 8th to the 12th centuries, Rhodes belonged to the Cibyrrhaeot Theme of the Byzantine Empire, and a center for shipbuilding and commerce.[16] In circa 1090, it was occupied by the Muslim forces of the Seljuk Turks, not long after the Battle of Manzikert.[17] Rhodes was recaptured by the Emperor Alexios I Komnenos during the First Crusade.
As Byzantine central power weakened under the Angeloi emperors, in the first half of the 13th century, Rhodes became the center of an independent domain under Leo Gabalas and his brother John, until it was occupied by the Genoese in 1248–1250. The Genoese wer evicted by the Empire of Nicaea, after which the island became a regular province of the Nicaeanate st (and later of the restored Byzantine Empire).
In 1309, the Byzantine era came to an end when the island was occupied by forces of the Knights Hospitaller. Under the rule of the newly named "Knights of Rhodes", the city was rebuilt into a model of the European medieval ideal. Many of the city's famous monuments, including the Palace of the Grand Master, were built during this period.
The strong walls which the Knights had built withstood the attacks of the Sultan of Egypt in 1444, and a siege by the Ottomans under Mehmed II in 1480. Eventually, however, Rhodes fell to the large army of Suleiman the Magnificent in December 1522. The few surviving Knights were permitted to retire to the Kingdom of Sicily, from where they would later move their base of operations to Malta. Rhodes was thereafter a possession of the Ottoman Empire for nearly four centuries.
Modern history[link]
The island was populated by ethnic groups from the surrounding nations, including Jews. Under Ottoman rule, they generally did fairly well, but discrimination and bigotry occasionally arose. In February 1840, the Jews of Rhodes were falsely accused of ritually murdering a Christian boy. This became known as the Rhodes blood libel.
In 1912, Italy seized Rhodes from the Turks during the Italo-Turkish War. The island's population thus bypassed many of the events associated with the "exchange of the minorities" between Greece and Turkey. Due to the Treaty of Lausanne, the island, together with the rest of the Dodecanese, was officially assigned to Italy. It became the core of their possession of the Isole Italiane dell'Egeo.
Following the Italian Armistice of 8 September 1943, the British attempted to get the Italian garrison on Rhodes to change sides. This was anticipated by the German Army, which succeeded in occupying the island. In great measure, the German occupation caused the British failure in the subsequent Dodecanese Campaign.
On 19 July 1944, the Gestapo rounded up the island's nearly 2,000 Jewish inhabitants to send them to extermination camps. About 160 of the island's more than 600 Greek Jews survived. The Turkish Consul Selahattin Ülkümen succeeded, at considerable risk to himself and his family, in saving 42 Jewish families, about 200 persons in total, who had Turkish citizenship or were members of Turkish citizens' families.
In 1947, together with the other islands of the Dodecanese, Rhodes was united with Greece.
In 1949, Rhodes was the venue for negotiations between Israel and Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, and Syria, concluding with the 1949 Armistice Agreements.
Archaeology[link]
File:Apollo21.JPG
Ruins of Apollo Temple at the Acropolis of Rhodes
In ancient times, Rhodes was home to one of the Seven Wonders of the World—the Colossus of Rhodes. This giant bronze statue was documented as once standing at the harbour. It was completed in 280 BC but was destroyed in an earthquake in 224 BC. No trace of the statue remains today.
Historical sites on the island of Rhodes include the Acropolis of Lindos, the Acropolis of Rhodes, the Temple of Apollo, ancient Ialysos, ancient Kamiros, the Governor's Palace, Rhodes Old Town (walled medieval city), the Palace of the Grand Masters, Kahal Shalom Synagogue in the Jewish Quarter, the Archeological Museum, the ruins of the castle of Monolithos, the castle of Kritinia, St. Catherine Hospice and Rhodes Footbridge.
Religion[link]
The predominant religion is Greek Orthodox. There is a significant Roman Catholic[18] minority on the island, many of whom are descendants of Italians who remained after the end of the Italian occupation. Rhodes has a Muslim minority, a remnant from Ottoman Turkish times.
The Jewish community of Rhodes[19] goes back to the 1st century AD. In 1480, the Jews actively defended the walled city against the Turks. Kahal Shalom, established in 1557, is the oldest synagogue in Greece and still stands in the Jewish quarter of the old town of Rhodes. At its peak in the 1920s, the Jewish community was one-third of the town's otal population.[20] In the 1940s, there were about 2000 Jews of various ethnic backgrounds. The Germans deported and killed most of the community during the Holocaust. Kahal Shalom has been renovated with the help of foreign donors but few Jews live year-round in Rhodes today, so services are not held on a regular basis.[21]
Government[link]
The present municipality Rhodes was formed at the 2011 local government reform by the merger of the following 10 former municipalities, that became municipal units (constituent communities in brackets):[2]
- Afantou (Afantou, Archipoli)
- Archangelos (Archangelos, Malonas, Masari)
- Attavyros (Emponas, Kritinia, Monolithos, Siana, Agios Isidoros)
- Ialysos
- Kallithea (Kalythies, Koskinou, Psinthos)
- Kameiros (Soroni, Apollona, Dimylia, Kalavarda, Platania, Salakos, Fanes)
- Lindos (Lindos, Kalathos, Laerma, Lardos, Pylona)
- Petaloudes (Kremasti, Pastida, Maritsa, Paradeisi, Theologos, Damatria)
- Rhodes
- South Rhodes (Gennadi, Apolakkia, Arnitha, Asklipieio, Vati, Istrios, Kattavia, Lachania, Mesanagros, Profilia)
The municipality covers the island of Rhodes and a few uninhabited offshore islets. Rhodes city was the capital of the former Dodecanese Prefecture. Rhodes is the most populated island of the South Aegean Region.
Towns and villages[link]
Rhodes has 43 towns and villages:
Economy[link]
The economy is tourist-oriented. The most developed sector is service. Small industries process imported raw materials for local retail. Other industry includes agricultural goods production, stockbreeding, fishery and winery.
Transportation[link]
Road network[link]
The road network of the island is mostly modern and paved. There are four major arteries:
- Rhodes-Kamiros Province Avenue: Two lane, runs through the west coast north to south and connects Rhodes City with Diagoras Airport and Kamiros.
- Rhodes-Lindos National Avenue (Greek National Road 95): Four and two lane, runs mainly inland north to south and connects Rhodes City with Lindos.
- Rhodes-Kallithea Province Avenue: Two lane, runs through the east coast north to south and connects Rhodes City with Faliraki Resort.
- Tsairi-Airport National Avenue: Four and two lane, runs inland east to west and connects the east coast with the west and the airport.
Future roads:
- Further widening of E-95 from Faliraki to Lindos. This is to be four lane with jersey barrier in the middle, about 36 km (22 mi) in length, with the first part scheduled to start in August 2007.
- Plans also exist for a new four lane express road connecting Rhodes Town with Diagoras Airport that will reduce congestion on the coastal west avenue.
- The first phase of construction of the Rhodes City ringway was begun a few years ago, but progress has been slow.
Cars and motorbikes[link]
Families in Rhodes often own more than one car, along with a motorbike. Traffic jams are common particularly in the summer months. The island is served by 450 taxis.
Bus[link]
Bus services are handled by two operators:
- RODA: Rhodes City company that also services suburban areas (Faliraki, Ialysos, Kremasti, Airport, Pastida, Maritsa, Paradeisi) and the entire west coast (blue-white colored).
- KTEL: State-owned buses that serve villages and resorts in the east coast (yellow-orange colored).
Air[link]
Rhodes has three airports but only one is public. Diagoras Airport, one of the biggest in Greece, is the main entrance/exit point for both locals and tourists. The island is well connected with other major Greek cities and islands as well as with major European capitals and cities via charter flights.
- Rhodes International Airport, "Diagoras": public airport, 14 km (9 mi) south west of Rhodes City, third in international passenger volume and fourth in total passenger volume in Greece.
- Rhodes Maritsa Airport: closed to public, near Maritsa village. Built in 1938 by the Italians was the first airport of the island and used to be the public airport until 1977. Nowadays serves the Hellenic Air Force and is sometimes used for car races.
- Kalathos Airfield: inoperative, 7 km (4 mi) north of Lindos. Built by the Italians during World War II, was called Aeroporto di Gadurrà. Today only the runway is visible.
- Kattavia Airstrip, located in the south of the island it was an emergency airstrip built by the Italians during World War II. Today it is abandoned.[clarification needed]
Two pilot schools offer aviation services (small plane rental, island hopping).
Sea[link]
Rhodes has five ports, three of them in Rhodes City, one in the west coast near Kamiros and one in east coast near Lardos.
- Central Port: located in the city of Rhodes serves domestic and international traffic.
- Kolona Port: opposite the central port, serves intra-Dodecanese traffic and large yachts.
- Akandia Port: the new port of the island next to the central port, being built since 1960s, for domestic and international traffic. At the moment serves cruise ships on peak days.
- Kamiros Skala Dock: 30 km (19 mi) south west of the city near Ancient Kamiros ruins serves mainly the island of Halki
- Lardos Dock: formerly servicing local industries, now under development as an alternative port for times when the central port is inaccessible due to weather conditions. It is situated in a rocky shore near the village of Lardos in south east Rhodes.
Culture[link]
Sports[link]
- Football: AS Rodos and Diagoras F.C., both Rhodes City based teams, compete professionally at the national level. Local football leagues (organized at the prefecture level) contain three divisions with more than 50 teams. Many stadiums are grass covered.
- Basketball: Colossus BC sponsors professional basketball and has joined the Greek A1 League. The local league includes two divisions with 14 teams. Two indoor courts exist in Rhodes City, and one each in Ialysos and Kremasti. Several other are planned for Rhodes City Pales De Sports, Faliraki, Afantou, and South Rhodes.
- Volleyball: local teams only.
- Water Polo: mostly amateur based. There is no single indoor pool on the island.
- Rugby: introduced in 2007. Teams compete at the national level.
- Tennis: tennis has a long history on the island.
- Sailing: widely developed, offers competition at the international level.
- Cycling: for a long period of time Rhodes had the only cycling track in Greece, producing Olympics level competitors.
- Rhodes competes in the bi-annual Island Games, which it hosted in 2007.[22]
In popular culture[link]
- In ancient times there was a Roman saying: "Hic Rhodus, hic salta!"—"Rhodes is here, here perform your jump", an admonition to prove one's idle boasts by deed rather than talk. It comes from an Aesop's fable called "The Boastful Athlete", and was cited by Hegel and Marx.
- Lawrence Durrell's Reflections on a Marine Venus (1953) is the author's semi-autobiographical account of his stay on the Island after World War II.
- Many of the outdoor scenes of The Guns of Navarone (starring Gregory Peck, David Niven and Anthony Quinn) and Escape to Athena (starring Roger Moore and Telly Savalas) were filmed on the island of Rhodes.
- In the PlayStation 2 game God of War II, both Rhodes and the Colossus of Rhodes are featured at the start of the game, offering a mythological theory as to how the Colossus was destroyed. The Colossus of Rhodes is a common feature in many games, for example, it can be built as a "Wonder" in Rise of Nations and the Civilization series of games.
- In one book of the Roman Mysteries series of children's novels by Caroline Lawrence, the main characters visit Rhodes to stop the trading of slave labour.
Notable people[link]
- Agesander, (1st century BC) sculptor
- Chares of Lindos (3rd century BC), sculptor
- Cleobulus of Lindos (6th century BC), philosopher and one of the Seven Sages of Ancient Greece
- Diagoras of Rhodes (5th century BC), boxer, multiple Olympic winner
- Dinocrates (4th century BC), architect and technical adviser for Alexander the Great
- Leonidas, (2nd century BC) athlete
- Memnon (380–333 BC), commander of mercenary army
- Timocreon, (5th century BC) poet
International relations[link]
Twin towns — Sister cities[link]
Perth, Western Australia, Australia
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Rhodes |
References[link]
- Notes
- ^ As of 2001
- ^ a b Kallikratis law Greece Ministry of Interior (Greek)
- ^ Paul Hellander, Greece, 2008
- ^ Duncan Garwood, Mediterranean Europe, 2009
- ^ Ryan Ver Berkmoes, Oliver Berry, Geert Cole, David Else, Western Europe, 2009
- ^ Harry Coccossis, Alexandra Mexa, The challenge of tourism carrying capacity assessment: theory and practice, 2004
- ^ "Climatological Information for " – Hong Kong Observatory
- ^ Marco, M; Cavallaro, A; Pecchioli, E & Vernesi, C (2006-11-11), "Artificial Occurrence of the Fallow Deer, Dama dama dama (L., 1758), on the Island of Rhodes (Greece): Insight from mtDNA Analysis", Human Evolution 21, No. 2: 167–175, DOI:10.1007/s11598-006-9014-9, http://www.springerlink.com/content/u406m764gm435u82/
- ^ "Rhodes, Greece, 1481" Jan Kozak Collection: KZ13, The Earthquake Engineering Online Archive
- ^ Ambraseys, N. N. and Adams, R. D. (1998) "The Rhodes earthquake of 26 June 1926" Journal of Seismology 2(3): pp. 267–292.
- ^ "Earthquake's aftermath", Discover Rhodes. Retrieved 16 July 2008.
- ^ B. d'Agostino, "Funerary customs and society on Rhodes in the Geometric Period: some observations", in E. Herring and I. Lemos, eds. Across Frontiers: Etruscans, Greeks, Phoenicians and Cypriots. Studies in Honour of D. Ridgway and F.R. Serra Ridgway 2006:57-69.
- ^ ''The Historical Library of Diodorus Siculus'', Book V, ch.III. Books.google.com. http://books.google.com/books?id=agd-eLVNRMMC&printsec=titlepage#PPA336,M1. Retrieved 2010-01-24.
- ^ A. Agelarakis “Demographic Dynamics and Funerary Rituals as Reflected from Rhodian Handra Urns”, Archival Report, Archaeological and Historical Institute of Rhodes, 2005
- ^ See Acts 21.
- ^ a b Kazhdan, Alexander, ed. (1991), Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium, Oxford University Press, pp. 1791–1792, ISBN 978-0-19-504652-6
- ^ Brownworth, Lars (2009) Lost to the West: The Forgotten Byzantine Empire That Rescued Western Civilization, Crown Publishers, ISBN 978-0-307-40795-5: ". . . the Muslims captured Ephesus in 1090 and spread out to the Greek islands. Chios, Rhodes, and Lesbos fell in quick succession." p. 233.
- ^ "Καθολικη Εκκλησια Τησ Ροδου". Catholicchurchrhodes.com. http://www.catholicchurchrhodes.com. Retrieved 2009-03-22.
- ^ See Angel, Marc. The Jews of Rhodes: The History of a Sephardic Community. Sepher-Hermon Press Inc. and The Union of Sephardic Congregations. New York: 1978 (1st ed.), 1980 (2nd ed.), 1998 (3rd ed.).
- ^ "History of Jewish Greece". Jewishvirtuallibrary.org. http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/vjw/Greece.html. Retrieved 2010-01-24.
- ^ "The Virtual Jewish History Tour — Greece". Jewishvirtuallibrary.org. http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/vjw/Greece.html. Retrieved 2010-01-24.
- ^ International Island Games Association website. Retrieved 27Jun08.
External links[link]
| Find more about Rhodes on Wikipedia's sister projects: | |
 |
Definitions and translations from Wiktionary |
 |
Images and media from Commons |
 |
Learning resources from Wikiversity |
 |
News stories from Wikinews |
 |
Quotations from Wikiquote |
 |
Source texts from Wikisource |
 |
Textbooks from Wikibooks |
- City of Rhodes official website
- Rhodes travel guide from Wikitravel
- Bennet, J., G. Reger, R. Talbert, T. Elliott, S. Gillies, , S. Gillies. "Places: 590031 (Rhodos Ins.)". Pleiades. http://pleiades.stoa.org/places/590031. Retrieved March 8, 2012 12:23 pm.
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|||||
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
http://wn.com/Rhodes
Related pages:
http://ru.wn.com/Родос
http://fr.wn.com/Rhodes
http://de.wn.com/Rhodos
http://it.wn.com/Rodi
http://es.wn.com/Rodas
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhodes
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
For other uses, see Round Table (disambiguation).
"Knights of the Round Table" redirects here. For the 1953 film, see Knights of the Round Table (film). For the song, see Knights of the Round Table (Monty Python song).
| Round Table | |
|---|---|
 King Arthur presides at the Round Table with all of his Knights. |
|
| Plot element from Arthurian legend | |
| First appearance | Roman de Brut |
| Created by | Wace |
| Genre | Fantasy |
| In-story information | |
| Type | Fictional table |
| Element of stories featuring | King Arthur |
The Round Table is King Arthur's famed table in the Arthurian legend, around which he and his Knights congregate. As its name suggests, it has no head, implying that everyone who sits there has equal status. The table was first described in 1155 by Wace, who relied on previous depictions of Arthur's fabulous retinue. The symbolism of the Round Table developed over time; by the close of the 12th century it had come to represent the chivalric order associated with Arthur's court, the Knights of the Round Table.
Contents |
History[link]
The Round Table first appears in Wace's Roman de Brut, a Norman language adaptation of Geoffrey of Monmouth's Historia Regum Britanniae finished in 1155. Wace says Arthur created the Round Table to prevent quarrels among his barons, none of whom would accept a lower place than the others.[1] Layamon added to the story when he adapted Wace's work into the Middle English Brut in the early 13th century, saying that the quarrel between Arthur's vassals led to violence at a Yuletide feast. In response a Cornish carpenter built an enormous but easily transportable Round Table to prevent further dispute.[1] Wace claims he was not the source of the Round Table; both he and Layamon credit it instead to the Bretons. Some scholars have doubted this claim, while others believe it may be true.[1] There is some similarity between the chroniclers' description of the Round Table and a custom recorded in Celtic stories, in which warriors sit in a circle around the king or lead warrior, in some cases feuding over the order of precedence as in Layamon.[1] There is a possibility that Wace, contrary to his own claims, derived Arthur's round table not from any Breton source, but rather from medieval biographies of Charlemagne—notably Einhard's Vita Caroli and Notker the Stammerer's De Carolo Magno—in which the king is said to have possessed a round table decorated with a map of Rome.[2]
Though the Round Table itself is not mentioned until Wace, the concept of Arthur having a marvellous court made up of many prominent warriors is much older. Geoffrey of Monmouth says that after establishing peace throughout Britain, Arthur "increased his personal entourage by inviting very distinguished men from far-distant kingdoms to join it."[3] The code of chivalry so important in later romance figures in as well, as Geoffrey says Arthur established "such a code of courtliness in his household that he inspired peoples living far away to imitate him."[3] Long before Geoffrey, Arthur's court was well known to Welsh storytellers; in the romance Culhwch and Olwen, written around 1100, the protagonist Culhwch invokes the names of 225 individuals affiliated with Arthur.[4] In fact, the fame of Arthur's entourage became so prominent in Welsh tradition that in the later additions to the Welsh Triads, the formula "Arthur's Court" in the titles of the triads began to supersede the older "Island of Britain" formula.[5] Though the code of chivalry crucial to later continental romances dealing with the Round Table is mostly absent from the earlier Welsh material, some passages of Culhwch and Olwen seem to prefigure it, for instance when Arthur explains the ethos of his court, saying "[w]e are nobles as long as we are sought out: the greater the bounty we may give, the greater our nobility, fame and honour."[6]
Though no Round Table appears in the early Welsh texts, Arthur is associated with various items of household furniture. The earliest of these is Saint Carannog's mystical floating altar in that saint's 12th century Vita; in the story Arthur has found the altar and attempts unsuccessfully to use it for a table, and returns it to Carannog in exchange for the saint ridding the land of a meddlesome dragon.[7] Arthur's household furniture figures into local topographical folklore throughout Britain as early as the early 12th century, with various landmarks being named "Arthur's Seat", "Arthur's Oven," and "Arthur's Bed-chamber."[8] A henge at Eamont Bridge near Penrith, Cumbria is known as "King Arthur's Round Table".[9] The still-visible Roman amphitheatre at Caerleon has been associated with the Round Table[10] and has been suggested as a possible source for the legend.[11]
In 2010, following archaeological discoveries at the Roman ruins in Chester, some writers suggested that the Chester Roman Amphitheatre was the true prototype of the Round Table[12] but English Heritage, acting as consultants to a History Channel documentary in which the claim was made, declared that there was no archaeological basis to the story.[13]
Later development[link]
The Round Table takes on new dimensions in the romances of the late 12th and early 13th century, where it becomes a symbol of the famed order of chivalry which flourishes under Arthur. In Robert de Boron's Merlin, written around the 1190s, the wizard Merlin creates the Round Table in imitation of the table of the Last Supper and of Joseph of Arimathea's Holy Grail table. This table, here made for Arthur's father Uther Pendragon rather than Arthur himself, has twelve seats and one empty place to mark the betrayal of Judas. This seat must remain empty until the coming of the knight who will achieve the Grail. The Didot Perceval, a prose continuation of Robert's work, takes up the story, and the knight Percival sits in the seat and initiates the Grail quest.[1]
The prose cycles of the 13th century, the Lancelot-Grail cycle and the Post-Vulgate Cycle, further adapt the chivalric attributes of the Round Table. Here it is the perfect knight Galahad, rather than Percival, who assumes the empty seat, now called the Siege Perilous. Galahad's arrival marks the start of the Grail quest as well as the end of the Arthurian era.[1] In these works the Round Table is kept by King Leodegrance of Cameliard after Uther's death; Arthur inherits it when he marries Leodegrance's daughter Guinevere. Other versions treat the Round Table differently, for instance Italian Arthurian works often distinguish between the "Old Table" of Uther's time and Arthur's "New Table."[14]
Round Table tournaments[link]
Main article: Round Table (tournament)
During the Middle Ages, festivals called Round Tables were celebrated throughout Europe in imitation of Arthur's court. These events featured jousting, dancing, and feasting, and in some cases attending knights assumed the identities of Arthur's knights.[15] The earliest of these was held in Cyprus in 1223 to celebrate a knighting. Round Tables were popular in various European countries through the rest of the Middle Ages and were at times very elaborate; René of Anjou even erected an Arthurian castle for his 1446 Round Table.[15] On 19 December 1566, in Stirling Castle, Mary Queen of Scots gave a feast with 30 guests at an imagined replica of Arthur's round table during the masque-themed celebrations of the baptism of the future James VI.[16][17]
Winchester Round Table[link]
The artifact known as the "Winchester Round Table," a large tabletop hanging in Winchester Castle bearing the names of various knights of Arthur's court, was probably created for a Round Table tournament.[18] The current paintwork is late; it was done by order of Henry VIII of England for Holy Roman Emperor Charles V's 1522 state visit, and depicts Henry himself sitting in Arthur's seat above a Tudor rose. The table itself is considerably older; dendrochronology calculates the date of construction to 1250–1280—during the reign of Edward I—using timber from store felled over a period of years.[19] Edward was an Arthurian enthusiast who attended at least five Round Tables and hosted one himself in 1299, which may have been the occasion for the creation of the Winchester Round Table.[18] Martin Biddle, from an examination of Edward's financial accounts, links it instead with a tournament Edward held near Winchester on April 20, 1290, to mark the betrothal of one of his daughters.[20]
Notes[link]
- ^ a b c d e f Kibler, William W. (1991). "Round Table." In Lacy, Norris J. (Ed.), The New Arthurian Encyclopaedia, p. 391. New York: Garland. ISBN 0-8240-4377-4.
- ^ Walters, Lori J., "Re-examining Wace's Round Table", in: Keith Busby, Christopher Kleinhenz (eds.), Courtly arts and the art of courtliness, DS Brewer, 2006, p. 721-744.
- ^ a b Geoffrey, p. 222.
- ^ Padel, p. 17.
- ^ Bromwich, p. lxvii.
- ^ Padel, p. 21.
- ^ Padel, p. 42.
- ^ Padel, p. 102.
- ^ Thomas, pp. 428–429.
- ^ Ottaway, Patrick; Michael Cyprien (1987). A traveller's guide to Roman Britain. Historical Times. p. 35. ISBN 978-0-918678-19-5. http://books.google.com/books?id=MtkOAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA35&dq=caerleon+%22round+table%22#v=onepage&q=%20%20%22round%20table%22&f=false.
- ^ Castleden, Rodney (1999). King Arthur: The Truth Behind the Legend. Routledge. p. 148. ISBN 978-0-415-19575-1. http://books.google.com/books?id=F28cAoRntJwC&pg=PA148&dq=caerleon+%22round+table%22#v=onepage&q=caerleon%20%22round%20table%22&f=false.
- ^ Evans, Martin (July 11, 2010). "Historians locate King Arthur's Round Table". www.telegraph.co.uk. Retrieved July 15, 2010.
- ^ Pitts, Mike (November 2010). "Britain in Archaeology". British Archaeology (York, England: Council for British Archaeology) (115): 8. ISSN 1357-4442. "The claims...have no basis whatever in the archaeological evidence"
- ^ Hoffman, Donald L. (1991). "Tavola Ritonda." In Lacy, Norris J. (Ed.), The New Arthurian Encyclopedia, p. 444. New York: Garland. ISBN 0-8240-4377-4.
- ^ a b Lacy, Norris J. (1991). "Round Tables." In Lacy, Norris J. (Ed.), The New Arthurian Encyclopedia, p. 391. New York: Garland. ISBN 0-8240-4377-4.
- ^ Stevenson, Joseph, ed., The History of Mary Stewart by Claude Nau, (1883), pp.cxlviii-cl, from [British Library] Sloane Mss. 3199 fol.264 and Ashmole. Mss. 840 fol.99
- ^ Warnicke, Retha M.. Mary Queen of Scots. Abingdon, England: Routledge. p. 133. ISBN 978-0-415-29182-8.
- ^ a b Ashe, Geoffrey (1991). "Winchester." In Lacy, Norris J. (Ed.), The New Arthurian Encyclopedia, pp. 518–519. New York: Garland. ISBN 0-8240-4377-4.
- ^ Biddle, Martin (2000). King Arthur's Round Table: an archaeological investigation. Woodbridge, England: Boydell and Brewer. p. 182. ISBN 0-85115-626-6. .
- ^ Biddle (2000: 361–392)
References[link]
- Bromwich, Rachel (2006). Trioedd Ynys Prydein: The Triads of the Island of Britain. University Of Wales Press. ISBN 0-7083-1386-8.
- Geoffrey of Monmouth; Thorpe, Lewis (1988). The History of the Kings of Britain. New York: Penguin. ISBN 0-14-044170-0.
- Lacy, Norris J. (Ed.) (1991). The New Arthurian Encyclopedia. New York: Garland. ISBN 0-8240-4377-4.
- Loomis, Roger S. (1959). "Arthurian Influence on Sport and Spectacle". Arthurian Literature in the Middle Ages. Oxford.
- Padel, O. J. (2000). Arthur in Medieval Welsh Literature. University of Wales Press. ISBN 0-7083-7689-1.
- Rouse, Robert; and Cory Rushton (2005). The Medieval Quest for Arthur. Tempus, Stroud. ISBN 0-7524-3343-1.
- Thomas, Charles (1953). "Folklore from a Northern Henge Monument". Folklore 64 (3): 427–429. JSTOR 1256826.
External links[link]
- Timeless Myths - Knights of the Round Table
- The 14th Century Round Table in Winchester, Hampshire. UK
|
||||||||||||||||||||
http://wn.com/Round_Table
Related pages:
http://ru.wn.com/Рыцари Круглого стола
http://fr.wn.com/Table ronde
http://de.wn.com/Tafelrunde
http://it.wn.com/Tavola Rotonda
http://es.wn.com/Mesa Redonda
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Round_Table
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
 |
||||
| Personal information | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Full name | Jonathan Neil Rhodes | |||
| Born | (1969-07-27) 27 July 1969 (age 42) Pietermaritzburg, Natal Province, South Africa |
|||
| Batting style | Right-handed | |||
| Bowling style | Right-arm medium | |||
| International information | ||||
| National side | South Africa | |||
| Test debut | 13 November 1992 v India | |||
| Last Test | 10 August 2000 v Sri Lanka | |||
| ODI debut (cap dead) | 26 February 1992 v Australia | |||
| Last ODI | 12 February 2003 v Kenya | |||
| Domestic team information | ||||
| Years | Team | |||
| 1988–1992 | University of Natal (Maritzburg) | |||
| 1988–1998 | Natal | |||
| 1998–2003 | KwaZulu-Natal | |||
| 1999 | Ireland | |||
| 2003 | Gloucestershire | |||
| Career statistics | ||||
| Competition | Tests | ODIs | FC | LA |
| Matches | 56 | 245 | 164 | 371 |
| Runs scored | 2532 | 5935 | 9546 | 8907 |
| Batting average | 35.66 | 35.11 | 41.14 | 32.86 |
| 100s/50s | 3/17 | 2/33 | 22/52 | 2/51 |
| Top score | 117 | 121 | 172 | 121 |
| Balls bowled | 12 | 14 | 162 | 80 |
| Wickets | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 |
| Bowling average | – | – | 83.00 | 22.50 |
| 5 wickets in innings | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 10 wickets in match | 0 | n/a | 0 | n/a |
| Best bowling | – | – | 1/13 | 1/2 |
| Catches/stumpings | 34/– | 105/– | 127/– | 158/– |
| Source: CricInfo, 19 July 2009 | ||||
Jonathan Neil "Jonty" Rhodes (born 27 July 1969) is a former South African Test and One Day International cricketer who played for the South African cricket team between 1992 and 2003.
Rhodes was born in Pietermaritzburg, Natal Province, South Africa. As a right-handed batsman he was noted for his quick running, however he was especially noted for his fielding, particularly catching, ground fielding and throwing from his most common position of backward point. A report prepared by Cricinfo in late 2005 showed that since the 1999 Cricket World Cup, he had effected the ninth highest number of run outs in ODI cricket of any fieldsman, with the third highest success rate.[1]
During his career he also played club cricket for the University of Natal in Pietermaritzburg and first-class cricket for Gloucestershire County Cricket Club, KwaZulu-Natal and Natal. Rhodes retired from Test cricket in 2000, and from one day cricket in 2003 after an injury during the 2003 Cricket World Cup.
Rhodes also represented South Africa at hockey, and was chosen as part of the 1992 Olympic Games squad to go to Barcelona; however, the squad did not qualify to go to the tournament.[2] He was also called up for trials to play in the 1996 Olympics but was ruled out by a hamstring injury.[3] He has received man of the match in 1993 against West Indies for his brilliant five catches and 40 runs [4]
Contents |
Career highlights[link]
Test career[link]
Rhodes made his Test début against India in the first Test of the "Friendship Tour" at his home ground in Kingsmead, Durban on 13 November 1992, scoring 41 in the first innings and 26 not out in the second.
Rhodes scored his first Test century during the first Test of a three match series against Sri Lanka at Moratuwa during the 1993–1994 season. Batting on the last day, Rhodes scored 101 not out and along with Clive Eksteen salvaged a draw. South Africa went on to win the series 1-0 by winning the second match and drawing the third.[5]
Rhodes announced his retirement from Test match cricket in 2001 in order to allow him to continue playing until the 2003 Cricket World Cup in South Africa. His last Test match was on 6 August 2000 at the Sinhalese Sports Club Ground, Colombo against Sri Lanka. Rhodes made scores of 21 and 54 in the two innings. Sri Lanka went on to win the match by six wickets.
ODI career[link]
Rhodes made his One Day International début against Australia in South Africa's opening match of the 1992 Cricket World Cup at the Sydney Cricket Ground on 26 February 1992. Australia batted first, scoring 170, and Rhodes dismissed Craig McDermott via a run out. South Africa scored 171 to win the match by nine wickets; Rhodes was not required to bat.
Rhodes shot to fame after South Africa's fifth game of the World Cup, against Pakistan on the 8 March 1992 at the Brisbane Cricket Ground. South Africa batted first, scoring 211 off 50 overs. Pakistan's innings was reduced to 36 overs because of rain interruptions, with the target revised from 212 to 194 runs. Inzamam-ul-Haq and Pakistan captain Imran Khan resumed the innings when play was restarted. With the score at 135/2 Inzamam, who was at the time on 48, set off for a run but was turned back by Khan. The ball had rolled out towards Rhodes who ran in from backward point, gathered the ball and raced the retreating Inzamam to the wicket. Rhodes, with ball in hand, dived full length to break the stumps and effect the run out. The run out, the subject of a famous photograph, is still considered one of the more spectacular feats of that World Cup and the defining moment of Rhodes' career.[2][6] Pakistan's innings faltered from then on, eventually finishing on 173/8 with South Africa winning by twenty runs.
On 14 November 1993 Rhodes took a world record of five catches, to achieve the most dismissals by a fielder (other than a wicketkeeper) against the West Indies at Brabourne Stadium, Mumbai.
Rhodes announced that he planned to retire from One-Day International cricket after the 2003 Cricket World Cup in South Africa. However, his tournament was cut short when he got injured in a match against Kenya. In Kenya's innings, Maurice Odumbe hit the ball in the air toward Rhodes. Rhodes dropped the catch and in the process broke his hand. The South African team's medical staff concluded that it would take four to five weeks to heal, effectively ruling Rhodes out of the rest of the tournament. Rhodes was withdrawn from the squad and replaced by Graeme Smith.
Post-retirement[link]
After retirement Rhodes was employed by Standard Bank as an account executive and is also involved with the bank's cricket sponsorship in South Africa.[7] Rhodes is presently working as a fielding coach in the South African national cricket team.[8] He is currently hired as the fielding coach for IPL Team Mumbai Indians. The Kenyan cricket team announced that Rhodes had been hired as the team's assistant coach and will serve them until the 2011 Cricket World Cup he will assist Kenya with fielding and batting [9]
He married Kate McCarthy, a niece of Cuan McCarthy, on 16 April 1994 in Pietermaritzburg. The couple have since split up.[10]
Awards[link]
- In 1999 he was voted as one of the Wisden Cricketers of the Year.
- In 2004 he was voted 29th in the Top 100 Great South Africans in SABC3's Great South Africans television series.
External links[link]
|
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Jonty Rhodes |
References[link]
- ^ Basevi, Travis (9 November 2005). "Statistics - Run outs in ODIs". Cricinfo. http://content-usa.cricinfo.com/ci/content/story/224487.html. Retrieved 5 February 2007.
- ^ a b Oliver Brett (2003-02-13). "Fielder of dreams". BBC Sport. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport3/cwc2003/hi/newsid_2750000/newsid_2757800/2757847.stm. Retrieved 2007-01-04.
- ^ "Hockey team has an admirer in Rhodes". Rediff.com. 2004-09-02. http://www.rediff.com/sports/2004/sep/02hock1.htm. Retrieved 2007-01-04.
- ^ "cricinfo scorecard". http://www.espncricinfo.com/ci/engine/match/65964.html.
- ^ Peter Robinson (28 June 2000). "History favours South Africa". Cricinfo. http://content-usa.cricinfo.com/srilanka/content/story/89969.html. Retrieved 4 January 2007.
- ^ Neil Manthorpe. "Player Profile: Jonty Rhodes". Cricinfo. http://content-usa.cricinfo.com/south_africa/content/player/46973.html. Retrieved 2007-01-04.
- ^ Brad Morgan (2004-01-30). "What are you up to now, Jonty?". SouthAfrica.info. http://www.southafrica.info/ess_info/sa_glance/sports/jonty_20_20.htm. Retrieved 2007-01-04.
- ^ Cricinfo - Bob was more than a coach to me - Rhodes
- ^ http://www.cricinfo.com/kenya/content/story/484116.html
- ^ http://www.sport24.co.za/Content/Cricket/245/91db30e579f94bffaf1cec30b25e254d/14-01-2010-07-34/Jonty_dumps_wife_for_girlfriend
|
|||||||
|
|||||||
|
||||||||||
|
|||||||
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Rhodes, Jonty |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | Cricketer |
| Date of birth | 27 July 1969 |
| Place of birth | Pietermaritzburg |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Jonty_Rhodes
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonty_Rhodes
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Herbie Hancock | |
|---|---|
 Hancock in concert at the Nice Jazz Festival 2010 |
|
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Herbert Jeffrey Hancock |
| Also known as | Herbie Hancock |
| Born | (1940-04-12) April 12, 1940 (age 72) Chicago, Illinois, United States |
| Genres | Jazz, bebop, post bop, jazz fusion, hard bop, jazz-funk, funk, R&B, electro funk, classical |
| Occupations | Musician, composer, bandleader |
| Instruments | Piano, synthesizer, organ, clavinet, keytar, vocoder |
| Years active | 1961–present |
| Labels | Columbia, Blue Note, Verve, Warner Bros. |
| Associated acts | Miles Davis Quintet, Jaco Pastorius, Joni Mitchell, Stevie Wonder |
| Website | www.herbiehancock.com |
Herbert Jeffrey "Herbie" Hancock (born April 12, 1940) is an American pianist, keyboardist, bandleader and composer.[1] As part of Miles Davis's Second Great Quintet, Hancock helped to redefine the role of a jazz rhythm section and was one of the primary architects of the "post-bop" sound. He was one of the first jazz musicians to embrace music synthesizers and funk music (characterized by syncopated drum beats). Hancock's music is often melodic and accessible; he has had many songs "cross over" and achieved success among pop audiences. His music embraces elements of funk and soul while adopting freer stylistic elements from jazz. In his jazz improvisation, he possesses a unique creative blend of jazz, blues, and modern classical music, with harmonic stylings much like the styles of Claude Debussy and Maurice Ravel.
Hancock's best-known solo works include "Cantaloupe Island", "Watermelon Man" (later performed by dozens of musicians, including bandleader Mongo Santamaría), "Maiden Voyage", "Chameleon", and the singles "I Thought It Was You" and "Rockit". His 2007 tribute album River: The Joni Letters won the 2008 Grammy Award for Album of the Year, only the second jazz album ever to win the award after Getz/Gilberto in 1965.
Hancock is a member of Sōka Gakkai International.[2][3]
On July 22, 2011 at a ceremony in Paris, Hancock was named UNESCO Goodwill Ambassador for the promotion of Intercultural Dialogue.
Contents |
Early life and career[link]
Hancock was born in Chicago, Illinois. Like many jazz pianists, Hancock started with a classical music education. He studied from age seven, and his talent was recognized early. Considered a child prodigy,[4] he played the first movement of Mozart's Piano Concerto No. 5 at a young people's concert with the Chicago Symphony at age eleven.[5]
Through his teens, Hancock never had a jazz teacher, but developed his ear and sense of harmony. He was also influenced by records of the vocal group the Hi-Lo's. He reported that:
the time I actually heard the Hi-Lo's, I started picking that stuff out; my ear was happening. I could hear stuff and that's when I really learned some much farther-out voicings -like the harmonies I used on 'Speak Like a Child' -just being able to do that. I really got that from Clare Fischer's arrangements for the Hi-Lo's. Clare Fischer was a major influence on my harmonic concept... He and Bill Evans, and Ravel and Gil Evans, finally. You know, that's where it came from.[6]
In 1960, he heard Chris Anderson play just once, and begged him to accept him as a student.[7] Hancock often mentions Anderson as his harmonic guru. Hancock left Grinnell College, moved to Chicago and began working with Donald Byrd and Coleman Hawkins, during which period he also took courses at Roosevelt University. (He later graduated from Grinnell with degrees in electrical engineering and music. Grinnell also awarded him an honorary Doctor of Fine Arts degree in 1972).[5][8] Donald Byrd was attending the Manhattan School of Music in New York at the time and suggested that Hancock study composition with Vittorio Giannini, which he did for a short time in 1960. The pianist quickly earned a reputation, and played subsequent sessions with Oliver Nelson and Phil Woods. He recorded his first solo album Takin' Off for Blue Note Records in 1962. "Watermelon Man" (from Takin' Off) was to provide Mongo Santamaría with a hit single, but more importantly for Hancock, Takin' Off caught the attention of Miles Davis, who was at that time assembling a new band. Hancock was introduced to Davis by the young drummer Tony Williams, a member of the new band.
Miles Davis quintet and Blue Note[link]
Hancock received considerable attention when, in May 1963,[5] he joined Miles Davis's Second Great Quintet. Davis personally sought out Hancock, whom he saw as one of the most promising talents in jazz. The rhythm section Davis organized was young but effective, comprising bassist Ron Carter, 17-year-old drummer Tony Williams, and Hancock on piano. After George Coleman and Sam Rivers each took a turn at the saxophone spot, the quintet would gel with Wayne Shorter on tenor saxophone. This quintet is often regarded as one of the finest jazz ensembles, and the rhythm section has been especially praised for its innovation and flexibility.
The second great quintet was where Hancock found his own voice as a pianist. Not only did he find new ways to use common chords, but he also popularized chords that had not previously been used in jazz. Hancock also developed a unique taste for "orchestral" accompaniment – using quartal harmony and Debussy-like harmonies, with stark contrasts then unheard of in jazz. With Williams and Carter he wove a labyrinth of rhythmic intricacy on, around and over existing melodic and chordal schemes. In the later half of the sixties their approach became so sophisticated and unorthodox that conventional chord changes would hardly be discernible; hence their improvisational concept would become known as "Time, No Changes".
While in Davis's band, Hancock also found time to record dozens of sessions for the Blue Note label, both under his own name and as a sideman with other musicians such as Wayne Shorter, Tony Williams, Grant Green, Bobby Hutcherson, Sam Rivers, Donald Byrd, Kenny Dorham, Hank Mobley, Lee Morgan and Freddie Hubbard.
His albums Empyrean Isles (1964) and Maiden Voyage (1965) were to be two of the most famous and influential jazz LPs of the sixties, winning praise for both their innovation and accessibility (the latter demonstrated by the subsequent enormous popularity of the Maiden Voyage title track as a jazz standard, and by the jazz rap group US3 having a hit single with "Cantaloop" (derived from "Cantaloupe Island" on Empyrean Isles) some twenty five years later). Empyrean Isles featured the Davis rhythm section of Hancock, Carter and Williams with the addition of Freddie Hubbard on cornet, while Maiden Voyage also added former Davis saxophonist George Coleman (with Hubbard remaining on trumpet). Both albums are regarded as among the principal foundations of the post-bop style. Hancock also recorded several less-well-known but still critically acclaimed albums with larger ensembles – My Point of View (1963), Speak Like a Child (1968) and The Prisoner (1969) featured flugelhorn, alto flute and bass trombone. 1963's Inventions and Dimensions was an album of almost entirely improvised music, teaming Hancock with bassist Paul Chambers and two Latin percussionists, Willie Bobo and Osvaldo "Chihuahua" Martinez.
During this period, Hancock also composed the score to Michelangelo Antonioni's film Blowup, the first of many soundtracks he recorded in his career.
Davis had begun incorporating elements of rock and popular music into his recordings by the end of Hancock's tenure with the band. Despite some initial reluctance, Hancock began doubling on electric keyboards including the Fender Rhodes electric piano at Davis's insistence. Hancock adapted quickly to the new instruments, which proved to be instrumental in his future artistic endeavors.
Under the pretext that he had returned late from a honeymoon in Brazil, Hancock was dismissed from Davis's band. In the summer of 1968 Hancock formed his own sextet. However, although Davis soon disbanded his quintet to search for a new sound, Hancock, despite his departure from the working band, continued to appear on Miles Davis records for the next few years. Noteworthy appearances include In a Silent Way, A Tribute to Jack Johnson and On the Corner.
[edit] Fat Albert and Mwandishi
Hancock left Blue Note in 1969, signing up with Warner Bros. Records. In 1969, Hancock composed the soundtrack for the Bill Cosby animated children's television show Fat Albert and the Cosby Kids. Titled Fat Albert Rotunda, the album was mainly an R&B-influenced album with strong jazz overtones. One of the jazzier songs on the record, "Tell Me A Bedtime Story", was later re-worked as a more electronic sounding song for the Quincy Jones album, Sounds...and Stuff Like That.
Hancock became fascinated with accumulating musical gadgets and toys. Together with the profound influence of Davis's Bitches Brew, this fascination would culminate in a series of albums in which electronic instruments are coupled with acoustic instruments.
Hancock's first ventures into electronic music started with a sextet comprising Hancock, bassist Buster Williams and drummer Billy Hart, and a trio of horn players: Eddie Henderson (trumpet), Julian Priester (trombone), and multireedist Bennie Maupin. Dr. Patrick Gleeson was eventually added to the mix to play and program the synthesizers. In fact, Hancock was one of the first jazz pianists to completely embrace electronic keyboards.[citation needed]
The sextet, later a septet with the addition of Gleeson, made three experimental albums under Hancock's name: Mwandishi (1971), Crossings (1972) (both on Warner Bros. Records), and Sextant (1973) (released on Columbia Records); two more, Realization and Inside Out, were recorded under Henderson's name with essentially the same personnel. The music often had very free improvisations and showed influence from the electronic music of some contemporary classical composers.
Synthesizer player Patrick Gleeson, one of the first musicians to play synthesizer on any jazz recording, introduced the instrument on Crossings, released in 1972, one of a handful of influential electronic jazz/fusion recordings to feature synthesizer that same year. On Crossings (as well as on I Sing the Body Electric), the synthesizer is used more as an improvisatory global orchestration device than as a strictly melodic instrument. This reflected Gleeson's (and Powell's) interest in contemporary European electronic music techniques and in the West Coast synthesis techniques of Morton Subotnick and other contemporaries, several of whom were resident at one time or another, as was Gleeson, at The Mills College Tape Music Center. An early review of Crossings in Downbeat magazine complained about the synthesizer, but a few years later the magazine noted in a cover story on Gleeson that he was "a pioneer" in the field of electronics in jazz. Gleeson used a modular Moog III for the recording of the album, but used an ARP 2600 synthesizer, and occasionally an ARP Soloist for the group's live performances. On Sextant Gleeson used the more compact ARP synthesizers instead of the larger Moog III for both studio and live performances. In the albums following The Crossings, Hancock started to play synth himself and unlike Gleeson, he plays it as a melodical and rhythm instrument just like electric pianos.
Hancock's three records released in 1971–1973, became later known as the "Mwandishi" albums, so-called after a Swahili name Hancock sometimes used during this era (Mwandishi is Swahili for writer). The first two, including Fat Albert Rotunda were made available on the 2-CD set Mwandishi: the Complete Warner Bros. Recordings, released in 1994, but are now sold as individual CD editions. Of the three electronic albums, Sextant is probably the most experimental since the Arp synthesizers are used extensively, and some advanced improvisation ("post-modal free impressionism") is found on the tracks "Hornets" and "Hidden Shadows" (which is in the meter 19/4). "Hornets" was later revised on the 2001 album Future2Future as "Virtual Hornets".
Among the instruments Hancock and Gleeson used were Fender Rhodes piano, ARP Odyssey, ARP 2600, ARP Pro Soloist Synthesizer, a Mellotron and the Moog synthesizer III.
All three Warner Bros. albums Fat Albert Rotunda, Mwandishi, and Crossings, were remastered in 2001 and released in Europe but were not released in the U.S.A. as of June 2005. In the Winter of 2006–7 a remastered edition of Crossings was announced and scheduled for release in the Spring.
[edit] Headhunters and Death Wish
See also: Head Hunters
After the sometimes "airy" and decidedly experimental "Mwandishi" albums, Hancock was eager to perform more "earthy" and "funky" music. The Mwandishi albums – though these days seen as respected early fusion recordings – had seen mixed reviews and poor sales, so it is probable that Hancock was motivated by financial concerns as well as artistic restlessness.[citation needed] Hancock was also bothered by the fact that many people did not understand avant-garde music. He explained that he loved funk music, especially Sly Stone's music, so he wanted to try to make funk himself.
He gathered a new band, which he called The Headhunters, keeping only Maupin from the sextet and adding bassist Paul Jackson, percussionist Bill Summers, and drummer Harvey Mason. The album Head Hunters, released in 1973, was a major hit and crossed over to pop audiences, though it prompted criticism from some jazz fans. Head Hunters was recorded at Different Fur studios.
Despite charges of "selling out", Stephen Erlewine of Allmusic positively reviewed the album among other friendly critics, saying, "Head Hunters still sounds fresh and vital three decades after its initial release, and its genre-bending proved vastly influential on not only jazz, but funk, soul, and hip-hop."[9]
Mason was replaced by Mike Clark, and the band released a second album, Thrust, the following year. (A live album from a Japan performance, consisting of compositions from those first two Head Hunters releases was released in 1975 as Flood. The record has since been released on CD in Japan.) This was almost as well received as its predecessor, if not attaining the same level of commercial success. The Headhunters made another successful album (called Survival of the Fittest) without Hancock, while Hancock himself started to make even more commercial albums, often featuring members of the band, but no longer billed as The Headhunters. The Headhunters reunited with Hancock in 1998 for Return of the Headhunters, and a version of the band (featuring Jackson and Clark) continues to play live and record.
In 1973, Hancock composed his second masterful soundtrack to the controversial film The Spook Who Sat By The Door. Then in 1974, he also composed the soundtrack to the first Death Wish film. One of his memorable songs, "Joanna's Theme", would later be re-recorded in 1997 on his duet album with Wayne Shorter 1 + 1.
Hancock's next jazz-funk albums of the 1970s were Man-Child (1975), and Secrets (1976), which point toward the more commercial direction Hancock would take over the next decade. These albums feature the members of the 'Headhunters' band, but also a variety of other musicians in important roles.
[edit] Back to the basics: VSOP and Future Shock
During late 1970s and early 1980s, Hancock toured with his "V.S.O.P." quintet, which featured all the members of the 1960s Miles Davis quintet except Davis, who was replaced by trumpet giant Freddie Hubbard. There was constant speculation that one day Davis would reunite with his classic band, but he never did so. VSOP recorded several live albums in the late 1970s, including VSOP (1976), and VSOP: The Quintet (1977).
In 1978, Hancock recorded a duet with Chick Corea, who had replaced him in the Miles Davis band a decade earlier. He also released a solo acoustic piano album titled The Piano (1978), which, like so many Hancock albums at the time, was initially released only in Japan. (It was finally released in the US in 2004.) Several other Japan-only releases have yet to surface in the US, such as Dedication (1974), VSOP: Tempest in the Colosseum (1977), and Direct Step (1978). Live Under the Sky was a VSOP album remastered for the US in 2004, and included an entire second concert from the July 1979 tour.
From 1978–1982, Hancock recorded many albums consisting of jazz-inflected disco and pop music, beginning with Sunlight (featuring guest musicians including Tony Williams and Jaco Pastorius on the last track) (1978). Singing through a vocoder, he earned a British hit,[10] "I Thought It Was You", although critics were unimpressed.[11] This led to more vocoder on the 1979 follow-up, Feets, Don't Fail Me Now, which gave him another UK hit in "You Bet Your Love".[10] Albums such as Monster (1980), Magic Windows (1981), and Lite Me Up (1982) were some of Hancock's most criticized and unwelcomed albums, the market at the time being somewhat saturated with similar pop-jazz hybrids from the likes of former bandmate Freddie Hubbard. Hancock himself had quite a limited role in some of those albums, leaving singing, composing and even producing to others. Mr. Hands (1980) is perhaps the one album during this period that was critically acclaimed. To the delight of many fans, there were no vocals on the album, and one track featured Jaco Pastorius on bass. The album contained a wide variety of different styles, including a disco instrumental song, a Latin-jazz number and an electronic piece in which Hancock plays alone with the help of computers.
Hancock also found time to record more traditional jazz while creating more commercially oriented music. He toured with Tony Williams and Ron Carter in 1981, recording Herbie Hancock Trio, a five-track live album released only in Japan. A month later, he recorded Quartet with Wynton Marsalis, released in the US the following year. Hancock, Williams and Carter toured internationally with Wynton and his brother Branford Marsalis in what was affectionately known as "VSOP II". This quintet can be heard on Marsalis' debut album on Columbia (1981). In 1982 he contributed to the Simple Minds album New Gold Dream (81,82,83,84), playing a synthesizer solo on the track "Hunter and The Hunted".
In 1983, Hancock had a mainstream hit with the Grammy-award winning instrumental single "Rockit" from the album Future Shock. It was perhaps the first mainstream single to feature scratching, and also featured an innovative animated music video which was directed by Godley and Creme and showed several robot-like artworks by Jim Whiting. The video was a hit on MTV and reached No.8 in the UK.[12] The video won five different categories at the inaugural MTV Video Music Awards. This single ushered in a collaboration with noted bassist and producer Bill Laswell. Hancock experimented with electronic music on a string of three LPs produced by Laswell: Future Shock (1983), Sound-System (1984) and Perfect Machine (1988). Despite the success of "Rockit", Hancock's trio of Laswell-produced albums (particularly the latter two) are among the most critically derided of his entire career, perhaps even more so than his erstwhile pop-jazz experiments. Hancock's level of actual contribution to these albums was also questioned, with some critics contending that the Laswell albums should have been labelled "Bill Laswell featuring Herbie Hancock".
During this period, he appeared onstage at the Grammy awards with Stevie Wonder, Howard Jones, and Thomas Dolby, in a famous synthesizer jam (The video on Youtube can be found here.). Lesser known works from the 1980s are the live album Jazz Africa and the studio album Village Life (1984), which were recorded with Gambian kora player Foday Musa Suso.[13] Also, in 1985 Hancock performed as a guest on the album So Red The Rose by the Duran Duran offshoot group Arcadia. He also provided introductory and closing comments for the PBS rebroadcast in the United States of the BBC educational series from the mid-1980s, Rockschool (not to be confused with the most recent Gene Simmons' Rock School series).
In 1986, Hancock performed and acted in the film 'Round Midnight. He also wrote the score/soundtrack, for which he won an Academy Award for Original Music Score. Often he would write music for TV commercials. "Maiden Voyage", in fact, started out as a cologne advertisement. At the end of the Perfect Machine tour, Hancock decided to leave Columbia Records after a 15-plus-year relationship.
As of June 2005, almost half of his Columbia recordings have been remastered. The first three US releases, Sextant, Head Hunters and Thrust as well as the last four releases Future Shock, Sound-System, the soundtrack to Round Midnight and Perfect Machine. Everything released in America from Man-Child to Quartet has yet to be remastered. Some albums, made and initially released in the US, were remastered between 1999 and 2001 in other countries such as Magic Windows and Monster. Hancock also re-released some of his Japan-only releases in the West, such as The Piano.
1990s and later[link]
After leaving Columbia, Hancock took a break. Then, with friends Ron Carter, Tony Williams, Wayne Shorter, and Davis admirer Wallace Roney, they recorded A Tribute to Miles, which was released in 1994. The album contained two live recordings and studio recording classics, with Roney playing Davis's part as trumpet player. The album won a Grammy for best group album. He also toured with Jack DeJohnette, Dave Holland and Pat Metheny in 1990 on their Parallel Realities tour, which included a memorable performance at the Montreux Jazz Festival in July 1990.
Hancock's next album, Dis Is Da Drum, released in 1994, saw him return to Acid Jazz. Also in 1994, he appeared on the Red Hot Organization's compilation album Stolen Moments: Red Hot + Cool. The album, meant to raise awareness and funds in support of the AIDS epidemic in relation to the African-American community, was heralded as "Album of the Year" by Time Magazine.
1995's The New Standard found Hancock and an all-star band including John Scofield, Jack DeJohnette and Michael Brecker interpreting pop songs by Nirvana, Stevie Wonder, The Beatles, Prince, Peter Gabriel and others. A 1997 duet album with Wayne Shorter entitled 1 + 1 was successful, the song "Aung San Suu Kyi" winning the Grammy Award for Best Instrumental Composition. Hancock also achieved great success in 1998 with his album Gershwin's World, which featured inventive readings of George and Ira Gershwin standards by Hancock and a plethora of guest stars, including Stevie Wonder, Joni Mitchell and Shorter. Hancock toured the world in the support of Gershwin's World with a sextet that featured Cyro Baptista, Terri Lynne Carrington, Ira Coleman, Eli Degibri and Eddie Henderson.
In 2001, Hancock recorded Future2Future, which reunited Hancock with Bill Laswell and featured doses of electronica as well as turntablist Rob Swift of The X-Ecutioners. Hancock later toured with the band, and released a live concert DVD with a different lineup which also included the "Rockit" music video. Also in 2001, Hancock partnered with Michael Brecker and Roy Hargrove to record a live concert album saluting Davis and John Coltrane entitled Directions in Music: Live at Massey Hall, recorded live in Toronto. The threesome toured to support the album, and toured on and off through 2005.
The year 2005 saw the release of a duet album called Possibilities. It features duets with Carlos Santana, Paul Simon, Annie Lennox, John Mayer, Christina Aguilera, Sting and others. In 2006, Possibilities was nominated for Grammy awards in two categories: "A Song For You", featuring Christina Aguilera was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Pop Instrumental Performance, and "Gelo No Montanha", featuring Trey Anastasio on guitar, was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Instrumental Performance. Neither nomination resulted in an award.
Also in 2005, Hancock toured Europe with a new quartet that included Beninese guitarist Lionel Loueke, and explored textures ranging from ambient to straight jazz to African music. Plus, during the summer of 2005, Hancock re-staffed the famous Headhunters and went on tour with them, including a performance at The Bonnaroo Music & Arts Festival.
File:Herbie Hancock 2005.JPG
Hancock playing at the XM Sonic Stage at The Bonnaroo Music & Arts Festival
However, this lineup did not consist of any of the original Headhunters musicians. The group included Marcus Miller, Terri Lyne Carrington, Lionel Loueke and John Mayer. Hancock also served as the first artist in residence for Bonnaroo that summer.
Also in 2006, Sony BMG Music Entertainment (which bought out Hancock's old label, Columbia Records) released the two-disc retrospective The Essential Herbie Hancock. This two-disc set is the first compilation of Herbie's work at Warner Bros. Records, Blue Note Records, Columbia and at Verve/Polygram. This became Hancock's second major compilation of work since the 2002 Columbia-onlyThe Herbie Hancock Box, which was released at first in a plastic 4x4 cube then re-released in 2004 in a long box set. Hancock also in 2006, recorded a new song with Josh Groban and Eric Mouquet (co-founder of Deep Forest) entitled "Machine". It is featured on Josh Groban's CD Awake. Hancock also recorded and improvised with guitarist Lionel Loueke on Loueke's debut album Virgin Forest on the ObliqSound label in 2006, resulting in two improvisational tracks "Le Réveil des Agneaux (The Awakening of the Lambs)" and "La Poursuite du lion (The Lion's Pursuit)".
Hancock, a longtime associate and friend of Joni Mitchell released a 2007 album, River: The Joni Letters, that paid tribute to her work. Norah Jones and Tina Turner recorded vocals,[14] as did Corinne Bailey Rae, and Leonard Cohen contributed a spoken piece set to Hancock's piano. Mitchell herself also made an appearance. The album was released on September 25, simultaneously with the release of Mitchell's album Shine.[15] "River" was nominated for and won the 2008 Album of the Year Grammy Award, only the second jazz album ever to receive either honor. The album also won a Grammy for Best Contemporary Jazz Album, and the song "Both Sides Now" was nominated for Best Instrumental Jazz Solo.
Recently Hancock performed at the Shriner's Children's Hospital Charity Fundraiser with Sheila E, Jim Brickman, Kirk Whalum and Wendy Alane Wright.
His latest work includes assisting the production of the Kanye West track "RoboCop", found on 808s & Heartbreak.
On June 14, 2008, Hancock performed at Rhythm on the Vine at the South Coast Winery in Temecula, California, for Shriners Hospital for Children. Other performers at the event, that raised $515,000 for Shriners Hospital, were contemporary music artist Jim Brickman, and Sheila E. & the E. Family Band.[16]
On January 18, 2009, Hancock performed at the We Are One concert, marking the start of inaugural celebrations for American President Barack Obama.[17] Hancock also performed the Rhapsody in Blue at the 2009 Classical BRIT Awards with classical pianist Lang Lang. Hancock was named as the Los Angeles Philharmonic's creative chair for jazz for 2010–12.[18] In June 2010, Hancock released his newest album, The Imagine Project.
On June 5, 2010, Hancock received an Alumni Award from his alma mater, Grinnell College.[19]
Discography[link]
Main article: Herbie Hancock discography
| Title | Year | Label | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Takin' Off | 1962 | Blue Note | ||
| My Point of View | 1963 | Blue Note | ||
| Inventions and Dimensions | 1963 | Blue Note | ||
| Empyrean Isles | 1964 | Blue Note | ||
| Maiden Voyage | 1965 | Blue Note | ||
| Blow-Up (Soundtrack) | 1966 | MGM | ||
| Speak Like a Child | 1968 | Blue Note | ||
| The Prisoner | 1969 | Blue Note | ||
| Fat Albert Rotunda | 1969 | Warner Bros. | ||
| Mwandishi | 1970 | Warner Bros. | ||
| He Who Lives In Many Places (with bassist Terry Plumeri) | 1971 | Airborne. | ||
| Crossings | 1972 | Warner Bros. | ||
| Sextant | 1973 | Columbia | ||
| Head Hunters | 1973 | Columbia | ||
| Thrust | 1974 | Columbia | ||
| Death Wish (Soundtrack) | 1974 | Columbia | ||
| Dedication | 1974 | Columbia | ||
| Man-Child | 1975 | Columbia | ||
| Flood (Live album) | 1975 | Columbia | ||
| Secrets | 1976 | Columbia | ||
| VSOP (Live album) | 1976 | Columbia | ||
| Herbie Hancock Trio | 1977 | Columbia | ||
| VSOP: The Quintet (Live album) | 1977 | Columbia | ||
| VSOP: Tempest in the Colosseum (Live album) | 1977 | Columbia | ||
| Sunlight | 1977 | Columbia | ||
| Directstep | 1978 | Columbia | ||
| An Evening with Herbie Hancock & Chick Corea: In Concert (Live album with Chick Corea) | 1978 | Columbia | ||
| The Piano | 1979 | Columbia | ||
| Feets, Don't Fail Me Now | 1979 | Columbia | ||
| VSOP: Live Under the Sky (Live album) | 1979 | Columbia | ||
| CoreaHancock (Live album with Chick Corea) | 1979 | Polydor | ||
| Monster | 1980 | Columbia | ||
| Mr. Hands | 1980 | Columbia | ||
| Herbie Hancock Trio | 1981 | Columbia | ||
| Magic Windows | 1981 | Columbia | ||
| Lite Me Up | 1982 | Columbia | ||
| Quartet (Live album) | 1982 | Columbia | ||
| Future Shock | 1983 | Columbia | ||
| Sound-System | 1984 | Columbia | ||
| Village Life (with Foday Musa Suso) | 1985 | Columbia | ||
| Round Midnight (Soundtrack) | 1986 | Columbia | ||
| Jazz Africa (Live album with Foday Musa Suso) | 1987 | Polygram | ||
| Perfect Machine | 1988 | Columbia | ||
| A Tribute to Miles | 1994 | Qwest/Warner Bros. | ||
| Dis Is Da Drum | 1994 | Verve/Mercury | ||
| The New Standard | 1995 | Verve | ||
| 1 + 1 (with Wayne Shorter) | 1997 | Verve | ||
| Gershwin's World | 1998 | Verve | ||
| Future2Future | 2001 | Transparent | ||
| Directions in Music: Live at Massey Hall (Live album) | 2002 | Verve | ||
| Possibilities | 2005 | Concord/Hear Music | ||
| De Luxe (Unofficial) | 2005 | Leader Music (Argentina) | ||
| River: The Joni Letters | 2007 | Verve | ||
| Then and Now: the Definitive Herbie Hancock | 2008 | Verve | ||
| The Imagine Project | 2010 | Hancock |
Filmography[link]
As a Leader[link]
- 2000: Dejohnette, Hancock, Holland and Metheny – Live in Concert
- 2002: Herbie Hancock Trio: Hurricane! with Ron Carter and Billy Cobham[20]
- 2002: The Jazz Channel Presents Herbie Hancock (BET on Jazz) with Cyro Baptista, Terri Lynne Carrington, Ira Coleman, Eli Degibri and Eddie Henderson (recorded in 2000)
- 2004: Herbie Hancock – Future2Future Live
- 2006: Herbie Hancock – Possibilities with John Mayer, Christina Aguilera, Joss Stone, and more
Awards[link]
Academy Awards[link]
- 1986, Original Soundtrack, for Round Midnight
Grammy Awards[link]
- 1984, Best R&B Instrumental Performance, for Rockit
- 1985, Best R&B Instrumental Performance, for Sound-System
- 1988, Best Instrumental Composition, for Call Sheet Blues
- 1995, Best Jazz Instrumental Performance, Individual Or Group, for A Tribute to Miles
- 1997, Best Instrumental Composition, for Manhattan (Island Of Lights And Love)
- 1999, Best Instrumental Arrangement Accompanying Vocal(s), for St. Louis Blues
- 1999, Best Jazz Instrumental Performance, Individual Or Group, for Gershwin's World
- 2003, Best Jazz Instrumental Album, Individual or Group, for Directions in Music: Live at Massey Hall
- 2003, Best Jazz Instrumental Solo, for My Ship
- 2005, Best Jazz Instrumental Solo, for Speak Like a Child
- 2008, Album of the Year, for River: The Joni Letters
- 2008, Best Contemporary Jazz Album, for River: The Joni Letters
- 2011, Best Improvised Jazz Solo, for A Change Is Gonna Come
- 2011, Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals, for Imagine
Playboy Music Poll[link]
- Best Jazz Group, 1985
- Best Jazz Keyboards, 1985
- Best Jazz Album – Rockit, 1985
- Best Jazz Keyboards, 1986
- Best R&B Instrumentalist, 1987
- Best Jazz Instrumentalist, 1988
Keyboard Magazine's Readers Poll[link]
- Best Jazz & Pop Keyboardist, 1983
- Best Jazz Pianist, 1987
- Best Jazz Keyboardist, 1987
- Best Jazz Pianist, 1988
Other notable awards[link]
- MTV Awards (5 awards in total) – Best Concept Video – Rockit, 1983–84
- Gold Note Jazz Awards – NY Chapter of the National Black MBA Association, 1985
- French Award Officer of the Order of Arts & Letters - Paris, 1985
- BMI Film Music Award Round Midnight, 1986
- U.S. Radio Award "Best Original Music Scoring – Thom McAnn Shoes", 1986
- Los Angeles Film Critics Association "Best Score – Round Midnight", 1986
- BMI Film Music Award Colors, 1989
- Miles Davis Award, granted by the Montreal International Jazz Festival, 1997
- Soul Train Music Award "Best Jazz Album – The New Standard", 1997
- Festival International Jazz de Montreal Prix Miles Davis, 1997
- VH1's 100 Greatest Videos Rockit is "10th Greatest Video", 2001
- NEA Jazz Masters Award, 2004
- Downbeat Magazine Readers Poll Hall of Fame, 2005
References[link]
- ^ "Herbie Hancock (American musician)". Encyclopædia Britannica. http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/254052/Herbie-Hancock. Retrieved February 1, 2012.
- ^ Reiss, Valerie. "Beliefnet Presents: Herbie Hancock on Buddhism, Buddhist, Jazz, Music". Beliefnet.com. http://www.beliefnet.com/Faiths/Buddhism/2007/10/Herbie-Fully-Buddhist.aspx. Retrieved 2011-10-22.
- ^ Burk, Greg (February 24, 2008). "He's still full of surprises". The Los Angeles Times. http://articles.latimes.com/2008/feb/24/entertainment/ca-hancock24.
- ^ Hentz, Stefan (August 3, 2010). "Herbie Hancock interview". The Daily Telegraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/music/worldfolkandjazz/7924263/Herbie-Hancock-interview.html. Retrieved February 1, 2012.
- ^ a b c Dobbins, Bill and Kernfeld, Barry. "Herbie Hancock", Grove Music Online, ed. L. Macy (accessed February 19 2007), grovemusic.com (subscription access).
- ^ Coryell, Julie and Friedman, Laura (2000). Jazz-rock fusion, the people, the music. Hal Leonard Corporation. p. 204. ISBN 0-7935-9941-5. http://books.google.com/books?id=XwWdk3x9u28C.
- ^ "CHRIS ANDERSON". Review of Love Locked Out. Mapleshade Music. http://www.mapleshaderecords.com/cds/56922.php. Retrieved July 1, 2010.
- ^ The tune Dr Honoris Causa written by Joe Zawinul and performed by Cannonball Adderley's quintet is an ironic celebration of the honorary degree.
- ^ Erlewine, Stephen Thomas (2010). "Headhunters Herbie Hancock". Allmusic review of Headhunters. http://www.allmusic.com/album/r140166/review. Retrieved July 1, 2010.
- ^ a b Roberts, David (2006). British Hit Singles & Albums (19th ed.). London: Guinness World Records Limited. p. 242. ISBN 1-904994-10-5.
- ^ "Herbie Hancock". Warr.org. http://www.warr.org/hancock.html. Retrieved 2011-10-22.
- ^ Brown, T. Kutner, J. & Warwick, N. The Complete Book of the British Charts. Omnibus Press (ISBN 0711990751), 2002, p.447
- ^ http://www.pandora.com/music/artist/3feb50074a703d1a
- ^ Andre Mayer (June 18, 2007). "Key figure: An interview with jazz legend Herbie Hancock". CBC News. http://www.cbc.ca/arts/music/hancock.html. Retrieved September 11, 2007.
- ^ JoniMitchell.com
- ^ Shriners Hospitals for Children, "About Rhythm on the Vine", Rhythm on the Vine, 2008.
- ^ "Obama: People Who Love This Country Can Change It". Foxnews. January 18, 2009. http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2009/01/18/obama-family-arrives-concert-lincoln-memorial/. Retrieved February 9, 2009.
- ^ Haga, E. Herbie Hancock Named L.A. Philharmonic's Next Creative Chair for Jazz, Jazz Times, August 5, 2009.
- ^ Alumni Award: Herbert J. Hancock '60, http://loggia.grinnell.edu/Page.aspx?pid=1098 Hancock received an Alumni Award from Grinnell College at the annual Alumni Assembly June 5, 2010.
- ^ "VIEW DVD Listing". View.com. http://www.view.com/herbie_hancock_trio_hurricane_dvd.aspx. Retrieved 2011-10-22.
- ^ Hancock named Harvard Foundation Artist of the Year – The Harvard University Gazette[dead link]
External links[link]
- Official website of Herbie Hancock
- Official Herbie Hancock MySpace page
- Herbie Hancock at Verve Records
- River:The Joni Letters at Verve Records
- Possibilities Herbie Hancock
- Discography Herbie Hancock Discography
- Interview with Herbie Hancock on music and technology from AppleMatters
- Interview with Herbie Hancock on the "Possibilities" album release from LiveDaily
- Herbie Hancock: Outside The Comfort Zone Herbie Hancock interview from JamBase
- "Herbie Hancock: Essential Recordings" by Ted Gioia (www.jazz.com)
- Herbie Hancock's Grinnell College Alumni Award citation from Grinnell College Alumni Assembly on June 5, 2010.
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||
|
||||||||||||||||||
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Hancock, Herbie |
| Alternative names | Hancock, Herbert Jeffrey |
| Short description | Pianist, composer, and bandleader |
| Date of birth | April 12, 1940 |
| Place of birth | Chicago, Illinois, United States |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Herbie_Hancock
Related pages:
http://ru.wn.com/Хэнкок, Херби
http://fr.wn.com/Herbie Hancock
http://de.wn.com/Herbie Hancock
http://it.wn.com/Herbie Hancock
http://es.wn.com/Herbie Hancock
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbie_Hancock
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
 |
This article's lead section may not adequately summarize its contents. Please consider expanding the lead to provide an accessible overview of the article's key points. (March 2012) |
| Miles Davis | |
|---|---|
 Photo of Davis in 1955 taken by Tom Palumbo |
|
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Miles Dewey Davis III |
| Born | (1926-05-26)May 26, 1926 Alton, Illinois, United States |
| Died | September 28, 1991(1991-09-28) (aged 65) Santa Monica, California, United States |
| Genres | Jazz, hard bop, bebop, cool jazz, modal, fusion, third stream, jazz-funk, jazz rap[1][2] |
| Occupations | Bandleader, composer, trumpeter, artist |
| Instruments | Trumpet, flugelhorn, piano, organ |
| Years active | 1944–1975, 1980–1991 |
| Labels | Capitol Jazz/EMI, Columbia/CBS, Warner Bros. |
| Associated acts | Billy Eckstine, Charlie Parker, Miles Davis Quintet, Gil Evans |
| Website | www.milesdavis.com |
Miles Dewey Davis III (May 26, 1926 – September 28, 1991) was an American jazz musician, trumpeter, bandleader, and composer. Widely considered one of the most influential musicians of the 20th century,[3] Miles Davis was, with his musical groups, at the forefront of several major developments in jazz music, including bebop, cool jazz, hard bop, modal jazz, and jazz fusion.
Contents
|
Biography[link]
Early life (1926–44)[link]
Miles Dewey Davis was born on May 26, 1926, to an affluent African American family in Alton, Illinois. His father, Dr. Miles Henry Davis, was a dentist. In 1927 the family moved to East St. Louis, Illinois. They also owned a substantial ranch in northern Arkansas, where Davis learned to ride horses as a boy.
Davis' mother, Cleota Mae (Henry) Davis, wanted her son to learn the piano; she was a capable blues pianist but kept this fact hidden from her son. His musical studies began at 13, when his father gave him a trumpet and arranged lessons with local musician Elwood Buchanan. Davis later suggested that his father's instrument choice was made largely to irk his wife, who disliked the trumpet's sound. Against the fashion of the time, Buchanan stressed the importance of playing without vibrato; he was reported to have slapped Davis' knuckles every time he started using heavy vibrato.[4] Davis would carry his clear signature tone throughout his career. He once remarked on its importance to him, saying, "I prefer a round sound with no attitude in it, like a round voice with not too much tremolo and not too much bass. Just right in the middle. If I can’t get that sound I can’t play anything."[5] Clark Terry was another important early influence.[citation needed]
By age 16, Davis was a member of the music society and playing professionally when not at school. At 17, he spent a year playing in Eddie Randle's band, the Blue Devils. During this time, Sonny Stitt tried to persuade him to join the Tiny Bradshaw band, then passing through town, but Davis' mother insisted that he finish his final year of high school. He graduated from East St. Louis Lincoln High School in 1944.
In 1944, the Billy Eckstine band visited East St. Louis. Dizzy Gillespie and Charlie Parker were members of the band, and Davis was brought in on third trumpet for a couple of weeks because the regular player, Buddy Anderson, was out sick. Even after this experience, once Eckstine's band left town, Davis' parents were still keen for him to continue formal academic studies.
New York and the bebop years begin (1944–48)[link]
.jpg)
In the fall of 1944, following graduation from high school, Davis moved to New York City to study at the Juilliard School of Music.
Upon arriving in New York, he spent most of his first weeks in town trying to get in contact with Charlie Parker, despite being advised against doing so by several people he met during his quest, including saxophonist Coleman Hawkins.[4]
Finally locating his idol, Davis became one of the cadre of musicians who held nightly jam sessions at two of Harlem's nightclubs, Minton's Playhouse and Monroe's. The group included many of the future leaders of the bebop revolution: young players such as Fats Navarro, Freddie Webster, and J. J. Johnson. Established musicians including Thelonious Monk and Kenny Clarke were also regular participants.
Davis dropped out of Juilliard, after asking permission from his father. In his autobiography, Davis criticized the Juilliard classes for centering too much on the classical European and "white" repertoire. However, he also acknowledged that, while greatly improving his trumpet playing technique, Juilliard helped give him a grounding in music theory that would prove valuable in later years.
Davis began playing professionally, performing in several 52nd Street clubs with Coleman Hawkins and Eddie "Lockjaw" Davis. In 1945, he entered a recording studio for the first time, as a member of Herbie Fields's group. This was the first of many recordings to which Davis contributed in this period, mostly as a sideman. He finally got the chance to record as a leader in 1946, with an occasional group called the Miles Davis Sextet plus Earl Coleman and Ann Hathaway—one of the rare occasions when Davis, by then a member of the groundbreaking Charlie Parker Quintet, can be heard accompanying singers.[6] In these early years, recording sessions where Davis was the leader were the exception rather than the rule; his next date as leader would not come until 1947.
Around 1945, Dizzy Gillespie parted ways with Parker, and Davis was hired as Gillespie's replacement in his quintet, which also featured Max Roach on drums, Al Haig (replaced later by Sir Charles Thompson and Duke Jordan) on piano, and Curley Russell (later replaced by Tommy Potter and Leonard Gaskin) on bass.
.jpg)
With Parker's quintet, Davis went into the studio several times, already showing hints of the style for which he would become known. On an oft-quoted take of Parker's signature song, "Now's the Time", Davis takes a melodic solo, whose unbop-like quality anticipates the "cool jazz" period that would follow. The Parker quintet also toured widely. During a stop in Los Angeles, Parker had a nervous breakdown that landed him in the Camarillo State Mental Hospital for several months, and Davis found himself stranded. He roomed and collaborated for some time with bassist Charles Mingus, before getting a job on Billy Eckstine's California tour, which eventually brought him back to New York.[7] In 1948, Parker returned to New York, and Davis rejoined his group.
.jpg)
The relationships within the quintet, however, were growing tense. Parker's erratic behavior (attributable to his well-known drug addiction) and artistic choices (both Davis and Roach objected to having Duke Jordan as a pianist[4] and would have preferred Bud Powell) became sources of friction. In December 1948, disputes over money (Davis claims he was not being paid) began to strain their relationship even further. Davis finally left the group following a confrontation with Parker at the Royal Roost.
For Davis, his departure from Parker's group marked the beginning of a period in which he worked mainly as a freelancer and as a sideman in some of the most important combos on the New York jazz scene.
Birth of the Cool (1948–49)[link]
In 1948 Davis grew close to the Canadian composer and arranger Gil Evans. Evans' basement apartment had become the meeting place for several young musicians and composers such as Davis, Roach, pianist John Lewis, and baritone sax player Gerry Mulligan who were unhappy with the increasingly virtuoso instrumental techniques that dominated the bebop scene. Evans had been the arranger for the Claude Thornhill orchestra, and it was the sound of this group, as well as Duke Ellington's example, that suggested the creation of an unusual line-up: a nonet including a French horn and a tuba (this accounts for the "tuba band" moniker that was to be associated with the combo).
Davis took an active role in the project,[8] so much so that it soon became "his project". The objective was to achieve a sound similar to the human voice, through carefully arranged compositions and by emphasizing a relaxed, melodic approach to the improvisations.
The nonet debuted in the summer of 1948, with a two-week engagement at the Royal Roost. The sign announcing the performance gave a surprising prominence to the role of the arrangers: "Miles Davis Nonet. Arrangements by Gil Evans, John Lewis and Gerry Mulligan". It was, in fact, so unusual that Davis had to persuade the Roost's manager, Ralph Watkins, to allow the sign to be worded in this way; he prevailed only with the help of Monte Kay, the club's artistic director.
The nonet was active until the end of 1949, along the way undergoing several changes in personnel: Roach and Davis were constantly featured, along with Mulligan, tuba player Bill Barber, and alto saxophonist Lee Konitz, who had been preferred to Sonny Stitt (whose playing was considered too bop-oriented). Over the months, John Lewis alternated with Al Haig on piano, Mike Zwerin with Kai Winding on trombone (Johnson was touring at the time), Junior Collins with Sandy Siegelstein and Gunther Schuller on French horn, and Al McKibbon with Joe Shulman on bass. Singer Kenny Hagood was added for one track during the recording
The presence of white musicians in the group angered some black jazz players, many of whom were unemployed at the time, but Davis rebuffed their criticisms.[9]
A contract with Capitol Records granted the nonet several recording sessions between January 1949 and April 1950. The material they recorded was released in 1956 on an album whose title, Birth of the Cool, gave its name to the "cool jazz" movement that developed at the same time and partly shared the musical direction begun by Davis' group.
For his part, Davis was fully aware of the importance of the project, which he pursued to the point of turning down a job with Duke Ellington's orchestra.[4]
The importance of the nonet experience would become clear to critics and the larger public only in later years, but, at least commercially, the nonet was not a success. The liner notes of the first recordings of the Davis Quintet for Columbia Records call it one of the most spectacular failures of the jazz club scene. This was bitterly noted by Davis, who claimed the invention of the cool style and resented the success that was later enjoyed—in large part because of the media's attention—by white "cool jazz" musicians (Mulligan and Dave Brubeck in particular).
This experience also marked the beginning of the lifelong friendship between Davis and Gil Evans, an alliance that would bear important results in the years to follow.
Hard bop and the "Blue Period" (1950–54)[link]
The first half of the 1950s was, for Davis, a period of great personal difficulty. At the end of 1949, he went on tour in Paris with a group including Tadd Dameron, Kenny Clarke (who remained in Europe after the tour), and James Moody. Davis was fascinated by Paris and its cultural environment, where black jazz musicians, and African Americans in general, often felt better respected than they did in their homeland. While in Paris, Davis began a relationship with French actress and singer Juliette Gréco.
Many of his new and old friends (Davis, in his autobiography, mentions Clarke) tried to persuade him to stay in France, but Davis decided to return to New York. Back in the States, he began to feel deeply depressed. The depression was due in part to his separation from Gréco, in part to his feeling underappreciated by the critics (who were hailing Davis' former collaborators as leaders of the cool jazz movement), and in part to the unraveling of his liaison with a former St. Louis schoolmate who was living with him in New York and with whom he had two children.
These are the factors to which Davis traces a heroin habit that deeply affected him for the next four years. Though Davis denies it in his autobiography, it is also likely that the environment in which he was living played a role. Most of Davis' associates at the time, some of them perhaps in imitation of Charlie Parker, had drug addictions of their own (among them, sax players Sonny Rollins and Dexter Gordon, trumpeters Fats Navarro and Freddie Webster, and drummer Art Blakey). For the next four years, Davis supported his habit partly with his music and partly by living the life of a hustler.[10] By 1953, his drug addiction was beginning to impair his ability to perform. Heroin had killed some of his friends (Navarro and Freddie Webster). He himself had been arrested for drug possession while on tour in Los Angeles, and his drug habit had been made public in a devastating interview that Cab Calloway gave to Down Beat.[11]
Realizing his precarious condition, Davis tried several times to end his drug addiction, finally succeeding in 1954 after returning to his father's home in St. Louis for several months and literally locking himself in a room until he had gone through a painful withdrawal. During this period he avoided New York and played mostly in Detroit and other midwestern towns, where drugs were then harder to come by. A widely-related story, attributed to Richard (Prophet) Jennings[12][13] was that Davis, while in Detroit playing at the Blue Bird club as a guest soloist in Billy Mitchell's house band along with Tommy Flanagan, Elvin Jones, Betty Carter, Yusef Lateef, Barry Harris, Thad Jones, Curtis Fuller and Donald Byrd stumbled into Baker's Keyboard Lounge out of the rain, soaking wet and carrying his trumpet in a paper bag under his coat, walked to the bandstand and interrupted Max Roach and Clifford Brown in the midst of performing Sweet Georgia Brown by beginning to play My Funny Valentine, and then, after finishing the song, stumbled back into the rainy night. Davis was supposedly embarrassed into getting clean by this incident. In his autobiography, Davis disputed this account, stating that Roach had requested that Davis play with him that night, and that the details of the incident, such as carrying his horn in a paper bag and interrupting Roach and Brown, were fictional and that his decision to quit heroin was unrelated to the incident.[14]
Despite all the personal turmoil, the 1950–54 period was actually quite fruitful for Davis artistically. He made quite a number of recordings and had several collaborations with other important musicians. He got to know the music of Chicago pianist Ahmad Jamal, whose elegant approach and use of space influenced him deeply. He also definitively severed his stylistic ties with bebop.[15]
In 1951, Davis met Bob Weinstock, the owner of Prestige Records, and signed a contract with the label. Between 1951 and 1954, he released many records on Prestige, with several different combos. While the personnel of the recordings varied, the lineup often featured Sonny Rollins and Art Blakey. Davis was particularly fond of Rollins and tried several times, in the years that preceded his meeting with John Coltrane, to recruit him for a regular group. He never succeeded, however, mostly because Rollins was prone to make himself unavailable for months at a time. In spite of the casual occasions that generated these recordings, their quality is almost always quite high, and they document the evolution of Davis' style and sound. During this time he began using the Harmon mute, held close to the microphone, in a way that grew to be his signature, and his phrasing, especially in ballads, became spacious, melodic, and relaxed. This sound was to become so characteristic that the use of the Harmon mute by any jazz trumpet player since immediately conjures up Miles Davis.
The most important Prestige recordings of this period (Dig, Blue Haze, Bags' Groove, Miles Davis and the Modern Jazz Giants, and Walkin') originated mostly from recording sessions in 1951 and 1954, after Davis' recovery from his addiction. Also of importance are his five Blue Note recordings, collected in the Miles Davis Volume 1 album.
With these recordings, Davis assumed a central position in what is known as hard bop. In contrast with bebop, hard bop used slower tempos and a less radical approach to harmony and melody, often adopting popular tunes and standards from the American songbook as starting points for improvisation. Hard bop also distanced itself from cool jazz by virtue of a harder beat and by its constant reference to the blues, both in its traditional form and in the form made popular by rhythm and blues.[16] A few critics[5] go as far as to call Walkin' the album that created hard bop, but the point is debatable, given the number of musicians who were working along similar lines at the same time (and of course many of them recorded or played with Davis).
Also in this period Davis gained a reputation for being distant, cold, and withdrawn and for having a quick temper. Among the several factors that contributed to this reputation were his contempt for the critics and specialized press and some well-publicized confrontations with the public and with fellow musicians. (One occasion, in which he had a near fight with Thelonious Monk during the recording of Bags' Groove, received wide exposure in the specialized press.)[17]
The "nocturnal" quality of Davis' playing and his somber reputation, along with his whispering voice,[18] earned him the lasting moniker of "prince of darkness", adding a patina of mystery to his public persona.[19]
First great quintet and sextet (1955–58)[link]
Main article: Miles Davis Quintet
Back in New York and in better health, in 1955 Davis attended the Newport Jazz Festival, where his performance (and especially his solo on "'Round Midnight") was greatly admired and prompted the critics to hail the "return of Miles Davis". At the same time, Davis recruited the players for a formation that became known as his "first great quintet": John Coltrane on tenor saxophone, Red Garland on piano, Paul Chambers on bass, and Philly Joe Jones on drums.
None of these musicians, with the exception of Davis, had received a great deal of exposure before that time; Chambers, in particular, was very young (19 at the time), a Detroit player who had been on the New York scene for only about a year, working with the bands of Bennie Green, Paul Quinichette, George Wallington, J. J. Johnson, and Kai Winding. Coltrane was little known at the time, in spite of earlier collaborations with Dizzy Gillespie, Earl Bostic, and Johnny Hodges. Davis hired Coltrane as a replacement for Sonny Rollins, after unsuccessfully trying to recruit alto saxophonist Julian "Cannonball" Adderley.
The repertoire included many bebop mainstays, standards from the Great American Songbook and the pre-bop era, and some traditional tunes.[20] The prevailing style of the group was a development of the Davis experience in the previous years—Davis playing long, legato, and essentially melodic lines, while Coltrane, who during these years emerged as a leading figure on the musical scene, contrasted by playing high-energy solos.
With the new formation also came a new recording contract. In Newport, Davis had met Columbia Records producer George Avakian, who persuaded him to sign with his label. The quintet made its debut on record with the extremely well received 'Round About Midnight. Before leaving Prestige, however, Davis had to fulfill his obligations during two days of recording sessions in 1956. Prestige released these recordings in the following years as four albums: Relaxin' with the Miles Davis Quintet, Steamin' with the Miles Davis Quintet, Workin' with the Miles Davis Quintet, and Cookin' with the Miles Davis Quintet. While the recording took place in a studio, each record of this series has the structure and feel of a live performance, with several first takes on each album. The records became almost instant classics and were instrumental in establishing Davis' quintet as one of the best on the jazz scene.
The quintet was disbanded for the first time in 1957, following a series of personal problems that Davis blames on the drug addiction of the other musicians.[21] Davis played some gigs at the Cafe Bohemia with a short-lived formation that included Sonny Rollins and drummer Art Taylor, and then traveled to France, where he recorded the score to Louis Malle's film Ascenseur pour l'échafaud. With the aid of French session musicians Barney Wilen, Pierre Michelot, and René Urtreger, and American drummer Kenny Clarke, he recorded the entire soundtrack with an innovative procedure, without relying on written material: starting from sparse indication of the harmony and a general feel of a given piece, the group played by watching the movie on a screen in front of them and improvising.
Returning to New York in 1958, Davis successfully recruited Cannonball Adderley for his standing group. Coltrane, who in the meantime had freed himself from his drug habits, was available after a highly fruitful experience with Thelonious Monk and was hired back, as was Philly Joe Jones. With the quintet re-formed as a sextet, Davis recorded Milestones, an album anticipating the new directions he was preparing to give to his music.
Almost immediately after the recording of Milestones, Davis fired Garland and, shortly afterward, Jones, again for behavioral problems; he replaced them with Bill Evans——a young white pianist with a strong classical background——and drummer Jimmy Cobb. With this revamped formation, Davis began a year during which the sextet performed and toured extensively and produced a record (1958 Miles, also known as 58 Sessions). Evans had a unique, impressionistic approach to the piano, and his musical ideas had a strong influence on Davis. But after only eight months on the road with the group, he was burned out and left. He was soon replaced by Wynton Kelly, a player who brought to the sextet a swinging, bluesy approach that contrasted with Evans' more delicate playing.
Recordings with Gil Evans (1957–63)[link]
In the late 1950s and early 1960s, Davis recorded a series of albums with Gil Evans, often playing flugelhorn as well as trumpet. The first, Miles Ahead (1957), showcased his playing with a jazz big band and a horn section arranged by Evans. Songs included Dave Brubeck's "The Duke," as well as Léo Delibes's "The Maids of Cadiz," the first piece of European classical music Davis had recorded. Another distinctive feature of the album was the orchestral passages that Evans had devised as transitions between the different tracks, which were joined together with the innovative use of editing in the post-production phase, turning each side of the album into a seamless piece of music.[22]
In 1958, Davis and Evans were back in the studio to record Porgy and Bess, an arrangement of pieces from George Gershwin's opera of the same name. The lineup included three members of the sextet: Paul Chambers, Philly Joe Jones, and Julian "Cannonball" Adderley. Davis called the album one of his favorites.[citation needed]
Sketches of Spain (1959–1960) featured songs by contemporary Spanish composer Joaquin Rodrigo and also Manuel de Falla, as well as Gil Evans originals with a Spanish flavor. Miles Davis at Carnegie Hall (1961) includes Rodrigo's Concierto de Aranjuez, along with other compositions recorded in concert with an orchestra under Evans' direction.
Sessions with Davis and Evans in 1962 resulted in the album Quiet Nights, a short collection of bossa novas that was released against the wishes of both artists: Evans stated it was only half an album, and blamed the record company; Davis blamed producer Teo Macero, whom he didn't speak to for more than two years.[23] This was the last time Evans and Davis made a full album together; despite the professional separation, however, Davis noted later that "my best friend is Gil Evans."[24]
[edit] Kind of Blue (1959–64)
In March and April 1959, Davis re-entered the studio with his working sextet to record what is widely considered his magnum opus, Kind of Blue. He called back Bill Evans, months away from forming what would become his own seminal trio, for the album sessions, as the music had been planned around Evans' piano style.[25] Both Davis and Evans were personally acquainted with the ideas of pianist George Russell regarding modal jazz, Davis from discussions with Russell and others before the Birth of the Cool sessions, and Evans from study with Russell in 1956.[26] Davis, however, had neglected to inform current pianist Kelly of Evans' role in the recordings; Kelly subsequently played only on the track "Freddie Freeloader" and was not present at the April dates for the album.[27] "So What" and "All Blues" had been played by the sextet at performances prior to the recording sessions, but for the other three compositions, Davis and Evans prepared skeletal harmonic frameworks that the other musicians saw for the first time on the day of recording, to allow a fresher approach to their improvisations. The resulting album has proven to be both highly popular and enormously influential. According to the RIAA, Kind of Blue is the best-selling jazz album of all time, having been certified as quadruple platinum (4 million copies sold). .[28]In December 2009, the US House of Representatives voted 409–0 to pass a resolution honoring the album as a national treasure.[29][30]
The trumpet Davis used on the recording is currently displayed in the music building on the campus of the University of North Carolina at Greensboro. It was donated to the school by Arthur "Buddy" Gist, who met Davis in 1949 and became a close friend. The gift was the reason why the jazz program at UNCG is named the "Miles Davis Jazz Studies Program."[31]
In 1959, the Miles Davis Quintet was appearing at the famous Birdland nightclub in New York City. After finishing a 27 minute recording for the armed services, Davis took a break outside the club. As he was escorting an attractive blonde woman across the sidewalk to a taxi, Davis was told by Patrolman Gerald Kilduff to "move on."[32] Davis explained that he worked at the nightclub and refused to move.[33] The officer said that he would arrest Davis and grabbed him as Davis protected himself.[32] Witnesses said that Kilduff punched Davis in the stomach with his nightstick without provocation.[32] Two nearby detectives held the crowd back as a third detective, Don Rolker, approached Davis from behind and beat him about the head. Davis was then arrested and taken to jail where he was charged with feloniously assaulting an officer. He was then taken to St. Clary Hospital where he received five stitches for a wound on his head.[32] Davis attempted to pursue the case in the courts, before eventually dropping the proceedings in a plea bargain in order to recover his suspended Cabaret Card, enabling him to return to work in New York clubs.
Davis persuaded Coltrane to play with the group on one final European tour in the spring of 1960. Coltrane then departed to form his classic quartet, although he returned for some of the tracks on Davis' 1961 album Someday My Prince Will Come. After Coltrane, Davis tried various saxophonists, including Jimmy Heath, Sonny Stitt, and Hank Mobley. The quintet with Hank Mobley was recorded in the studio and on several live engagements at Carnegie Hall and the Black Hawk jazz club in San Francisco. Stitt's playing with the group is found on a recording made in Olympia, Paris (where Davis and Coltrane had played a few months before) and the Live in Stockholm album.
In 1963, Davis' longtime rhythm section of Kelly, Chambers, and Cobb departed. He quickly got to work putting together a new group, including tenor saxophonist George Coleman and bassist Ron Carter. Davis, Coleman, Carter and a few other musicians recorded half the tracks for an album in the spring of 1963. A few weeks later, seventeen-year-old drummer Tony Williams and pianist Herbie Hancock joined the group, and soon afterward Davis, Coleman, and the new rhythm section recorded the rest of Seven Steps to Heaven.
The rhythm players melded together quickly as a section and with the horns. The group's rapid evolution can be traced through the Seven Steps to Heaven album, In Europe (July 1963), My Funny Valentine (February 1964), and Four and More (also February 1964). The quintet played essentially the same repertoire of bebop tunes and standards that earlier Davis bands had played, but they tackled them with increasing structural and rhythmic freedom and, in the case of the up-tempo material, breakneck speed.
Coleman left in the spring of 1964, to be replaced by avant-garde saxophonist Sam Rivers, on the suggestion of Tony Williams. Rivers remained in the group only briefly, but was recorded live with the quintet in Japan; this configuration can be heard on Miles in Tokyo! (July 1964).
By the end of the summer, Davis had persuaded Wayne Shorter to leave Art Blakey's Jazz Messengers and join the quintet. Shorter became the group's principal composer, and some of his compositions of this era (including "Footprints" and "Nefertiti") have become standards. While on tour in Europe, the group quickly made their first official recording, Miles in Berlin (September 1964). On returning to the United States later that year, ever the musical entrepreneur, Davis (at Jackie DeShannon's urging) was instrumental in getting The Byrds signed to Columbia Records.[citation needed]
Second great quintet (1964–68)[link]
|
||||
By the time of E.S.P. (1965), Davis's lineup consisted of Wayne Shorter, Herbie Hancock (piano), Ron Carter (bass), and Tony Williams (drums). The last of his acoustic bands, this group is often referred to as the second great quintet.
A two-night Chicago performance in late 1965 is captured on The Complete Live at the Plugged Nickel 1965, released in 1995. Unlike their studio albums, the live engagement shows the group still playing primarily standards and bebop tunes. It is reasonable to point out, though, that while some of the titles remain the same as the tunes employed by the 1950s quintet, the speed and distance of departure from the framework of the standards bears no comparison. It could even be said that the listening experience to these standards as live performances is as much of a radical take on the jazz of the time as the new compositions of the studio albums listed below.
The recording of Live at the Plugged Nickel was not issued anywhere in the 1960s, first appearing as a Japan-only partial issue in the late 1970s, then as a double-LP in the USA and Europe in 1982. It was followed by a series of studio recordings: Miles Smiles (1966), Sorcerer (1967), Nefertiti (1967), Miles in the Sky (1968), and Filles de Kilimanjaro (1968). The quintet's approach to improvisation came to be known as "time no changes" or "freebop," because they abandoned the more conventional chord-change-based approach of bebop for a modal approach. Through Nefertiti, the studio recordings consisted primarily of originals composed by Shorter, with occasional compositions by the other sidemen. In 1967, the group began to play their live concerts in continuous sets, each tune flowing into the next, with only the melody indicating any sort of demarcation. Davis's bands would continue to perform in this way until his retirement in 1975.
Miles in the Sky and Filles de Kilimanjaro, on which electric bass, electric piano, and electric guitar were tentatively introduced on some tracks, pointed the way to the subsequent fusion phase of Davis's career. Davis also began experimenting with more rock-oriented rhythms on these records. By the time the second half of Filles de Kilimanjaro had been recorded, bassist Dave Holland and pianist Chick Corea had replaced Carter and Hancock in the working band, though both Carter and Hancock would occasionally contribute to future recording sessions. Davis soon began to take over the compositional duties of his sidemen.
Electric Miles (1968–75)[link]
The guru-manipulator shifted gears at will in his early-'70s music, orchestrating moods and settings to subjugate the individual musical inspirations of his young close-enough-for-funk subgeniuses to the life of a single palpitating organism that would have perished without them—no arrangements, little composition, and not many solos either, although at any moment a player could find himself left to fly off on his own.
Davis's influences included 1960s acid rock and funk artists such as Sly and the Family Stone, James Brown, and Jimi Hendrix,[36] many of whom he met through Betty Mabry (later Betty Davis), a young model and songwriter Davis married in September 1968 and divorced a year later. The musical transition required that Davis and his band adapt to electric instruments in both live performances and the studio. By the time In a Silent Way had been recorded in February 1969, Davis had augmented his quintet with additional players. At various times Hancock or Joe Zawinul was brought in to join Corea on electric keyboards, and guitarist John McLaughlin made the first of his many appearances with Davis. By this point, Shorter was also doubling on soprano saxophone. After recording this album, Williams left to form his group Lifetime and was replaced by Jack DeJohnette.
Six months later an even larger group of musicians, including Jack DeJohnette, Airto Moreira, and Bennie Maupin, recorded the double LP Bitches Brew, which became a huge seller, reaching gold status by 1976. This album and In a Silent Way were among the first fusions of jazz and rock that were commercially successful, building on the groundwork laid by Charles Lloyd, Larry Coryell, and others who pioneered a genre that would become known as jazz-rock fusion. During this period, Davis toured with Shorter, Corea, Holland, and DeJohnette. The group's repertoire included material from Bitches Brew, In a Silent Way, and the 1960s quintet albums, along with an occasional standard.[citation needed]
In 1972, Davis was introduced to the music of Karlheinz Stockhausen by Paul Buckmaster, leading to a period of new creative exploration. Biographer J. K. Chambers wrote that "the effect of Davis' study of Stockhausen could not be repressed for long... Davis' own 'space music' shows Stockhausen's influence compositionally."[37] His recordings and performances during this period were described as "space music" by fans, by music critic Leonard Feather, and by Buckmaster, who described it as "a lot of mood changes—heavy, dark, intense—definitely space music."[38][39] Both Bitches Brew and In a Silent Way feature "extended" (more than 20 minutes each) compositions that were never actually "played straight through" by the musicians in the studio.[citation needed] Instead, Davis and producer Teo Macero selected musical motifs of various lengths from recorded extended improvisations and edited them together into a musical whole that exists only in the recorded version. Bitches Brew made use of such electronic effects as multi-tracking, tape loops, and other editing techniques.[40] Both records, especially Bitches Brew, proved to be big sellers. Starting with Bitches Brew, Davis's albums began to often feature cover art much more in line with psychedelic art or black power movements than that of his earlier albums. He took significant cuts in his usual performing fees in order to open for rock groups like the Steve Miller Band, Grateful Dead, Neil Young, and Santana[citation needed]. Several live albums were recorded during the early 1970s at these performances: Live at the Fillmore East, March 7, 1970: It's About That Time (March 1970), Black Beauty (April 1970), and Miles Davis at Fillmore: Live at the Fillmore East (June 1970).[36]
By the time of Live-Evil in December 1970, Davis's ensemble had transformed into a much more funk-oriented group. Davis began experimenting with wah-wah effects on his horn. The ensemble with Gary Bartz, Keith Jarrett, and Michael Henderson, often referred to as the "Cellar Door band" (the live portions of Live-Evil were recorded at a Washington, DC, club by that name), never recorded in the studio, but is documented in the six-CD box set The Cellar Door Sessions, which was recorded over four nights in December 1970.[citation needed] In 1970, Davis contributed extensively to the soundtrack of a documentary about the African-American boxer heavyweight champion Jack Johnson. Himself a devotee of boxing, Davis drew parallels between Johnson, whose career had been defined by the fruitless search for a Great White Hope to dethrone him, and Davis's own career, in which he felt the musical establishment of the time had prevented him from receiving the acclaim and rewards that were due him.[citation needed] The resulting album, 1971's A Tribute to Jack Johnson, contained two long pieces that featured musicians (some of whom were not credited on the record) including guitarists John McLaughlin and Sonny Sharrock, Herbie Hancock on a Farfisa organ, and drummer Billy Cobham. McLaughlin and Cobham went on to become founding members of the Mahavishnu Orchestra in 1971.
As Davis stated in his autobiography, he wanted to make music for the young African-American audience. On the Corner (1972) blended funk elements with the traditional jazz styles he had played his entire career. The album was highlighted by the appearance of saxophonist Carlos Garnett. Critics were not kind to the album; in his autobiography, Davis stated that critics could not figure out how to categorize it, and he complained that the album was not promoted by the "traditional" jazz radio stations.[citation needed] After recording On the Corner, Davis put together a new group, with only Michael Henderson, Carlos Garnett, and percussionist Mtume returning from the previous band. It included guitarist Reggie Lucas, tabla player Badal Roy, sitarist Khalil Balakrishna, and drummer Al Foster. It was unusual in that none of the sidemen were major jazz instrumentalists; as a result, the music emphasized rhythmic density and shifting textures instead of individual solos. This group, which recorded in Philharmonic Hall for the album In Concert (1972), was unsatisfactory to Davis. Through the first half of 1973, he dropped the tabla and sitar, took over keyboard duties, and added guitarist Pete Cosey. The Davis/Cosey/Lucas/Henderson/Mtume/Foster ensemble would remain virtually intact over the next two years. Initially, Dave Liebman played saxophones and flute with the band; in 1974, he was replaced by Sonny Fortune.
|
||||
Big Fun (1974) was a double album containing four long improvisations, recorded between 1969 and 1972. Similarly, Get Up With It (1974) collected recordings from the previous five years. Get Up With It included "He Loved Him Madly", a tribute to Duke Ellington, as well as one of Davis's most lauded pieces from this era, "Calypso Frelimo". It was his last studio album of the 1970s. In 1974 and 1975, Columbia recorded three double-LP live Davis albums: Dark Magus, Agharta, and Pangaea. Dark Magus captures a 1974 New York concert; the latter two are recordings of consecutive concerts from the same February 1975 day in Osaka. At the time, only Agharta was available in the US; Pangaea and Dark Magus were initially released only by CBS/Sony Japan. All three feature at least two electric guitarists (Reggie Lucas and Pete Cosey, deploying an array of Hendrix-inspired electronic distortion devices; Dominique Gaumont is a third guitarist on Dark Magus), electric bass, drums, reeds, and Davis on electric trumpet and organ. These albums were the last he was to record for five years. Davis was troubled by osteoarthritis (which led to a hip replacement operation in 1976, the first of several), sickle-cell anemia, depression, bursitis, ulcers, and a renewed dependence on alcohol and drugs (primarily cocaine), and his performances were routinely panned by critics throughout late 1974 and early 1975. By the time the group reached Japan in February 1975, Davis was nearing a physical breakdown and required copious amounts of alcohol and narcotics to make it through his engagements. Nonetheless, as noted by Richard Cook and Brian Morton, during these concerts his trumpet playing "is of the highest and most adventurous order."[citation needed]
After a Newport Jazz Festival performance at Avery Fisher Hall in New York on July 1, 1975, Davis withdrew almost completely from the public eye for six years. As Gil Evans said, "His organism is tired. And after all the music he's contributed for 35 years, he needs a rest."[citation needed] In his memoirs, Davis is characteristically candid about his wayward mental state during this period, describing himself as a hermit, his house as a wreck, and detailing his drug and sex addictions.[4] In 1976, Rolling Stone reported rumors of his imminent demise. Although he stopped practicing trumpet on a regular basis, Davis continued to compose intermittently and made three attempts at recording during his exile from performing; these sessions (one with the assistance of Paul Buckmaster and Gil Evans, who left after not receiving promised compensation) bore little fruit and remain unreleased. In 1979, he placed in the yearly top-ten trumpeter poll of Down Beat. Columbia continued to issue compilation albums and records of unreleased vault material to fulfill contractual obligations. During his period of inactivity, Davis saw the fusion music that he had spearheaded over the past decade enter into the mainstream. When he emerged from retirement, Davis's musical descendants would be in the realm of New Wave rock, and in particular the styling of Prince.
Last decade (1981–91)[link]
By 1979, Davis had rekindled his relationship with actress Cicely Tyson. With Tyson, Davis would overcome his cocaine addiction and regain his enthusiasm for music. As he had not played trumpet for the better part of three years, regaining his famed embouchure proved to be particularly arduous. While recording The Man with the Horn (sessions were spread sporadically over 1979–1981), Davis played mostly wahwah with a younger, larger band.
The initial large band was eventually abandoned in favor of a smaller combo featuring saxophonist Bill Evans and bass player Marcus Miller, both of whom would be among Davis's most regular collaborators throughout the decade. He married Tyson in 1981; they would divorce in 1988. The Man with the Horn was finally released in 1981 and received a poor critical reception despite selling fairly well. In May, the new band played two dates as part of the Newport Jazz Festival. The concerts, as well as the live recording We Want Miles from the ensuing tour, received positive reviews.
By late 1982, Davis's band included French percussionist Mino Cinelu and guitarist John Scofield, with whom he worked closely on the album Star People. In mid-1983, while working on the tracks for Decoy, an album mixing soul music and electronica that was released in 1984, Davis brought in producer, composer and keyboardist Robert Irving III, who had earlier collaborated with him on The Man with the Horn. With a seven-piece band, including Scofield, Evans, keyboardist and music director Irving, drummer Al Foster and bassist Darryl Jones (later of The Rolling Stones), Davis played a series of European gigs to positive receptions. While in Europe, he took part in the recording of Aura, an orchestral tribute to Davis composed by Danish trumpeter Palle Mikkelborg.
You're Under Arrest, Davis's next album, was released in 1985 and included another brief stylistic detour. Included on the album were his interpretations of Cyndi Lauper's ballad "Time After Time", and "Human Nature" from Michael Jackson. Davis considered releasing an entire album of pop songs and recorded dozens of them, but the idea was scrapped. Davis noted that many of today's accepted jazz standards were in fact pop songs from Broadway theater, and that he was simply updating the "standards" repertoire with new material. 1985 also saw Davis guest-star on the TV show Miami Vice as pimp and minor criminal Ivory Jones in the episode titled "Junk Love" (first aired November 8, 1985).[43]
You're Under Arrest also proved to be Davis's final album for Columbia. Trumpeter Wynton Marsalis publicly dismissed Davis's more recent fusion recordings as not being "'true' jazz", comments Davis initially shrugged off, calling Marsalis "a nice young man, only confused". This changed after Marsalis appeared, unannounced, onstage in the midst of Davis's performance at the inaugural Vancouver International Jazz Festival in 1986. Marsalis whispered into Davis's ear that "someone" had told him to do so; Davis responded by ordering him off the stage.[44]
Davis grew irritated at Columbia's delay releasing Aura. The breaking point in the label-artist relationship appears to have come when a Columbia jazz producer requested Davis place a goodwill birthday call to Marsalis. Davis signed with Warner Bros. Records shortly thereafter.
Davis collaborated with a number of figures from the British new wave movement during this period, including Scritti Politti.[45] At the invitation of producer Bill Laswell, Davis recorded some trumpet parts during sessions for Public Image Ltd.'s Album, according to Public Image's John Lydon in the liner notes of their Plastic Box box set. In Lydon's words, however, "strangely enough, we didn't use (his contributions)." (Also according to Lydon in the Plastic Box notes, Davis favorably compared Lydon's singing voice to his trumpet sound.)[46]
Having first taken part in the Artists United Against Apartheid recording, Davis signed with Warner Brothers records and reunited with Marcus Miller. The resulting record, Tutu (1986), would be his first to use modern studio tools—programmed synthesizers, samples and drum loops—to create an entirely new setting for his playing. Ecstatically reviewed on its release, the album would frequently be described as the modern counterpart of Sketches of Spain and won a Grammy in 1987.
He followed Tutu with Amandla, another collaboration with Miller and George Duke, plus the soundtracks to four movies: Street Smart, Siesta, The Hot Spot (with bluesman John Lee Hooker), and Dingo. He continued to tour with a band of constantly rotating personnel and a critical stock at a level higher than it had been for 15 years. His last recordings, both released posthumously, were the hip hop-influenced studio album Doo-Bop and Miles & Quincy Live at Montreux, a collaboration with Quincy Jones for the 1991 Montreux Jazz Festival in which Davis performed the repertoire from his 1940s and 1950s recordings for the first time in decades.
In 1988 he had a small part as a street musician in the film Scrooged, starring Bill Murray. In 1989, Davis was interviewed on 60 Minutes by Harry Reasoner. Davis received the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 1990.
In early 1991, he appeared in the Rolf de Heer film Dingo as a jazz musician. In the film's opening sequence, Davis and his band unexpectedly land on a remote airstrip in the Australian outback and proceed to perform for the stunned locals. The performance was one of Davis's last on film.
Miles Davis died on September 28, 1991 from the combined effects of a stroke, pneumonia and respiratory failure in Santa Monica, California at the age of 65.[36] He is buried in Woodlawn Cemetery in The Bronx.[47]
Legacy and influence[link]
Miles Davis is regarded as one of the most innovative, influential and respected figures in the history of music. He has been described as “one of the great innovators in jazz”.[48] The Rolling Stone Encyclopedia of Rock & Roll noted "Miles Davis played a crucial and inevitably controversial role in every major development in jazz since the mid-'40s, and no other jazz musician has had so profound an effect on rock. Miles Davis was the most widely recognized jazz musician of his era, an outspoken social critic and an arbiter of style—in attitude and fashion—as well as music".[49] His album Kind of Blue is the best-selling album in the history of jazz music. On November 5, 2009, Rep. John Conyers of Michigan sponsored a measure in the United States House of Representatives to recognize and commemorate the album on its 50th anniversary. The measure also affirms jazz as a national treasure and "encourages the United States government to preserve and advance the art form of jazz music."[50] It passed, unanimously, with a vote of 409–0 on December 15, 2009.[51]
Many well-known musicians rose to prominence as members of Davis's ensembles, including saxophonists Gerry Mulligan, John Coltrane, Cannonball Adderley, George Coleman, Wayne Shorter, Dave Liebman, Branford Marsalis and Kenny Garrett; trombonist J. J. Johnson; pianists Horace Silver, Red Garland, Wynton Kelly, Bill Evans, Herbie Hancock, Joe Zawinul, Chick Corea, Keith Jarrett and Kei Akagi; guitarists John McLaughlin, Pete Cosey, John Scofield and Mike Stern; bassists Paul Chambers, Ron Carter, Dave Holland, Marcus Miller and Darryl Jones; and drummers Elvin Jones, Philly Joe Jones, Jimmy Cobb, Tony Williams, Billy Cobham, Jack DeJohnette, and Al Foster.[citation needed]
As an innovative bandleader and composer, Miles Davis has influenced many notable musicians and bands from diverse genres. These include Wayne Shorter,[52] Cannonball Adderley,[53] Herbie Hancock,[54] Cassandra Wilson,[55] Lalo Schifrin,[56] Tangerine Dream,[57] Brand X, Mtume, Benny Bailey, Joe Bonner, Don Cherry, Urszula Dudziak, Sugizo, Bill Evans, Bill Hardman, The Lounge Lizards, Hugh Masekela, John McLaughlin, King Crimson, Steely Dan, Frank Zappa, Nile Rodgers, Duane Allman, Pink Floyd, Neil Young, Radiohead, The Flaming Lips, Lydia Lunch, Talk Talk, Michael Franks, Sting,[58] Lonnie Liston Smith, Jiří Stivín, Tim Hagans, Julie Christensen, Jerry Garcia, David Grisman, Vassar Clements, Snooky Young, Prince, and Christian Scott.
Miles' influence on the people who played with him has been described by music writer and author Christopher Smith as follows:
Miles Davis' artistic interest was in the creation and manipulation of ritual space, in which gestures could be endowed with symbolic power sufficient to form a functional communicative, and hence musical, vocabulary. [...] Miles' performance tradition emphasized orality and the transmission of information and artistic insight from individual to individual. His position in that tradition, and his personality, talents, and artistic interests, impelled him to pursue a uniquely individual solution to the problems and the experiential possibilities of improvised performance.
His approach, owing largely to the African American performance tradition that focused on individual expression, emphatic interaction, and creative response to shifting contents, had a profound impact on generations of jazz musicians.[59]
In 1986, the New England Conservatory awarded Miles Davis an Honorary Doctorate for his extraordinary contributions to music.[60] Since 1960 the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences (NARAS) has honored him with eight Grammy Awards, a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award, and three Grammy Hall of Fame Awards. In 2010, Moldejazz premiered a play called Driving Miles, which focused on a landmark concert Davis performed in Molde, Norway, in 1984.
Awards[link]
- Winner; Down Beat Reader's Poll Best Trumpet Player 1955
- Winner; Down Beat Reader's Poll Best Trumpet Player 1957
- Winner; Down Beat Reader's Poll Best Trumpet Player 1961
- Grammy Award for Best Jazz Composition Of More Than Five Minutes Duration for Sketches of Spain (1960)
- Grammy Award for Best Jazz Performance, Large Group Or Soloist With Large Group for Bitches Brew (1970)
- Grammy Award for Best Jazz Instrumental Performance, Soloist for We Want Miles (1982)
- Sonning Award for Lifetime Achievement In Music (1984; Copenhagen, Denmark)
- Doctor of Music, honoris causa (1986; New England Conservatory)
- Grammy Award for Best Jazz Instrumental Performance, Soloist for Tutu (1986)
- Grammy Award for Best Jazz Instrumental Performance, Soloist for Aura (1989)
- Grammy Award for Best Jazz Instrumental Performance, Big Band for Aura (1989)
- Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award (1990)
- Australian Film Institute Award for Best Original Music Score for Dingo, shared with Michel Legrand (1991)
- Knighted into the Legion of Honor (July 16, 1991; Paris)
- Grammy Award for Best R&B Instrumental Performance for Doo-Bop (1992)
- Grammy Award for Best Large Jazz Ensemble Performance for Miles & Quincy Live at Montreux (1993)
- Hollywood Walk of Fame Star (February 19, 1998)
- Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Induction (March 13, 2006)
- Hollywood's Rockwalk Induction (September 28, 2006)
- RIAA Quadruple Platinum for Kind of Blue
- St. Louis Walk of Fame
Discography[link]
Main article: Miles Davis discography
Filmography[link]
| Year | Film | Credited as | Role | Notes | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Composer | Performer | Actor | ||||
| 1958 | Elevator to the Gallows | Yes | Yes | — | ||
| 1972 | Imagine | Yes | Himself | Cameo, uncredited | ||
| 1985 | Miami Vice | Yes | Ivory Jones | TV series (1 episode - "Junk Love") | ||
| 1986 | Crime Story | Yes | Jazz musician | Cameo, TV series (1 episode - "The War") | ||
| 1987 | Siesta | Yesa | Yes | — | ||
| 1988 | Scrooged | Yes | Yes | Street musician | Cameo | |
| 1992 | Dingo | Yesb | Yes | Yes | Billy Cross | One of Davis' last performances on film |
^a Only one song is composed by Miles Davis in cooperation with Marcus Miller ("Theme For Augustine").
^b Soundtrack is composed by Miles Davis in cooperation with Michel Legrand.
References[link]
- ^ Fadoir, Nick, "Jazz and Hip Hop: You Know, for Kids", The Big Green, Michigan State University, October 15, 2009.
- ^ Considine, J.D., "Jazz And Rap A Jarring Mix", The Baltimore Sun, July 6, 1992
- ^ Gerald Lyn, Early (1998). Ain't but a place: an anthology of African American writings about St. Louis. Missouri History Museum. p. 205. ISBN 1-883982-28-6.
- ^ a b c d e Miles Davis and Quincy Troupe, Miles: The Autobiography, Simon and Schuster, 1989, ISBN 0-671-63504-2.
- ^ a b Kahn, Ashley, Kind of Blue: The Making of the Miles Davis Masterpiece, Da Capo Press, 2001.
- ^ "See the Plosin session database". Plosin.com. 1946-10-18. http://www.plosin.com/milesAhead/Sessions.aspx?s=461018. Retrieved 2011-07-18.
- ^ On this occasion, Mingus bitterly criticized Davis for abandoning his "musical father" (see Autobiography).
- ^ "Miles, the bandleader. He took the initiative and put the theories to work. He called the rehearsals, hired the halls, called the players, and generally cracked the whip." Gerry Mulligan "I hear America singing"
- ^ "So I just told them that if a guy could play as good as Lee Konitz played—that's who they were mad about most, because there were a lot of black alto players around—I would hire him every time, and I wouldn't give a damn if he was green with red breath. I'm hiring a motherfucker to play, not for what color he is." Miles Davis, Autobiography
- ^ In his autobiography Davis recalls exploiting prostitutes and getting money from most of his friends.
- ^ In his autobiography, Davis says he never forgave Calloway for that interview. He also says that African Americans were being unfairly singled out as drug users among the larger community of jazz musicians who used drugs at the time.
- ^ Crawford, Mark, "Miles Davis: Evil genius of jazz", ''Ebony'' (January 1961) pp.69–74. Books.google.com. http://books.google.com/books?id=GyvbN5PqVCAC&pg=PA74&dq=Miles+Davis+Baker's+Keyboard+Lounge&hl=en&ei=UGxITf-0Ooeg9ASw7vTXCA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CEUQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=Miles%20Davis%20Baker's%20Keyboard%20Lounge&f=false. Retrieved 2011-07-18.
- ^ Neisenson, Eric, ''Round About Midnight: A Portrait of Miles Davis'' Da Capo Press, 1996 ISBN 0-306-80684-3, ISBN 978-0-306-80684-1 pp 88–89. Books.google.com. http://books.google.com/books?id=_-MMx7OGSrQC&pg=PA88&dq=Miles+Davis+Baker's+Keyboard+Lounge&hl=en&ei=jWVITc-lDInE8ASAg-ThCA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CDQQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q&f=false. Retrieved 2011-07-18.
- ^ Davis, Miles and Troup, Quincy, ''Miles, the Autobiography'', Simon and Schuster, 1990 ISBN 0-671-72582-3, ISBN 978-0-671-72582-2 pp 173–174. Books.google.com. http://books.google.com/books?id=xgAVXHhuNYgC&pg=PA173&dq=Miles+Davis+Baker's+Keyboard+Lounge&hl=en&ei=jWVITc-lDInE8ASAg-ThCA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CC4Q6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false. Retrieved 2011-07-18.
- ^ "Back in bebop, everybody used to play real fast. But I didn't ever like playing a bunch of scales and shit. I always tried to play the most important notes in the chord, to break it up. I used to hear all them musicians playing all them scales and notes and never nothing you could remember." Miles Davis, The Autobiography.
- ^ Open references to the blues in jazz playing were fairly recent. Until the middle of the 1930s, as Coleman Hawkins declared to Alan Lomax (The Land Where the Blues Began. New York: Pantheon, 1993), African American players working in white establishments would avoid references to the blues altogether.
- ^ Davis had asked Monk to "lay off" (stop playing) while he was soloing. In the autobiography, Davis says that Monk "could not play behind a horn". Charles Mingus reported this, and more, in his "Open Letter to Miles Davis".
- ^ Acquired by shouting at a record producer while still ailing after a recent operation to the throat – Autobiography
- ^ Davis began to be referred to as "the Prince of Darkness" in liner notes of the records of this period, and the moniker persists to this day; see, for instance, his obituary in The Nation, and countless references in DVD [1], movies [2] and print articles [3].
- ^ Some inspired by Ahmad Jamal: see, for instance, the performance of "Billy Boy" on Milestones.
- ^ Especially Jones and Coltrane, whom Davis both fired. Davis – Autobiography.
- ^ Cook, op. cit.
- ^ Carr, Ian (1999). Miles Davis: the definitive biography. Thunder's Mouth Press. pp. 192–93. ISBN 978-1-56025-241-2. http://books.google.com/books?id=BmtRIbly1RIC&pg=PA192.
- ^ Lees, Gene. You Can't Steal a Gift: Dizzy, Clark, Milt, and Nat. Yale University Press (2001), p. 24
- ^ Khan, Ashley. Kind of Blue: The Making of the Miles Davis Masterpiece. New York: Da Capo Press, 2000; ISBN 0-306-81067-0, p. 95.
- ^ Khan, Ashley. Kind of Blue: The Making of the Miles Davis Masterpiece. New York: Da Capo Press, 2000; ISBN 0-306-81067-0, , pp. 29–30, 74.
- ^ Khan, Ashley. Kind of Blue: The Making of the Miles Davis Masterpiece. New York: Da Capo Press, 2000; ISBN 0-306-81067-0, p. 95.
- ^ RIAA database – Gold & Platinum search item Kind of Blue. Recording Industry Association of America. Retrieved on October 17, 2008.
- ^ US politicians honour Miles Davis album. Radio Netherlands Worldwide
- ^ "US House of Reps honours Miles Davis album – ABC News (Australian Broadcasting Corporation)". Australian Broadcasting Corporation. December 16, 2009. http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2009/12/16/2773218.htm. Retrieved January 6, 2011.
- ^ "Taking care of Buddy : News-Record.com : Greensboro & the Triad's most trusted source for local news and analysis". News-Record.com. http://www.news-record.com/content/2009/10/17/article/taking_care_of_buddy. Retrieved January 6, 2011.
- ^ a b c d "Was Miles Davis beaten over blonde?". Baltimore Afro-American. September 1, 1959. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=5JslAAAAIBAJ&sjid=SfUFAAAAIBAJ&dq=was%20miles%20davis%20beaten%20over%20blonde&pg=3151%2C5145962. Retrieved August 27, 2010.
- ^ "Jazz Trumpeter Miles Davis In Joust With Cops". Sarasota Journal. August 26, 1959. http://news.google.com/newspapers?id=3PQeAAAAIBAJ&sjid=4ooEAAAAIBAJ&pg=2499,2153156&dq=miles-davis+arrested&hl=en. Retrieved August 27, 2010.
- ^ Waters, Keith (2011). The Studio Recordings of the Miles Davis Quintet, 1965–68. Oxford University Press. pp. 257–258. ISBN 978-0-19-539383-5.
- ^ Christgau, Robert. Robert Christgau: CG: Miles Davis. Robert Christgau. Retrieved on 2011-07-03.
- ^ a b c "Miles Davis". The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum, Inc.. http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/miles-davis. Retrieved June 29, 2009.
- ^ Chambers, J. K. (1998). Milestones: The Music and Times of Miles Davis. Da Capo Press. pp. 246.. ISBN 0-306-80849-8.
- ^ Carr, Ian (1998). Miles Davis: The Definitive Biography. Thunder's Mouth Press. pp. 284, 303, 304, 306. ISBN 1-56025-241-3.
- ^ Tingen, Paul (Thursday, April 17, 2008 5:02:21 pm). "Miles Beyond: The Making of Bitches Brew". http://www.miles-beyond.com/bitchesbrew.htm. Retrieved June 29, 2009.
- ^ Freeman, Philip (November 1, 2005). Running the Voodoo Down: The Electric Music of Miles Davis. San Francisco, CA: Backbeat Books. pp. 83–84. ISBN 978-0-87930-828-5.
- ^ Kolosky, Walter (December 31, 2008). Miles Davis: Go Ahead John (part two C) – Jazz.com | Jazz Music – Jazz Artists – Jazz News. Jazz.com. Retrieved on April 3, 2011.
- ^ Freeman, Phil (2005). Running the Voodoo Down: The Electric Music of Miles Davis. Hal Leonard Corporation. p. 92. ISBN 0-87930-828-1.
- ^ "Miami Vice" Junk Love (1985) at the Internet Movie Database
- ^ Miles: The Autobiography, Picador, p. 364.
- ^ Intro.de article (in German).
- ^ "Fodderstompf". Fodderstompf. March 10, 2009. http://www.fodderstompf.com/DISCOGRAPHY/LP/3albumLP.html. Retrieved January 6, 2011.
- ^ Latest activity 5 hours ago. "Dark Magus: The Jekyll and Hyde Life of Miles Davis (9780879308759): Gregory Davis, Les Sussman, Clark Terry: Books". Amazon.com. http://www.amazon.com/dp/0879308753. Retrieved January 6, 2011.
- ^ The Complete Jack Johnson Sessions Review. BBC
- ^ Miles David Biography. Rolling Stone Magazine
- ^ Associated Press article published December 15, 2009[dead link]
- ^ "House Resolution H.RES.894". Clerk.house.gov. 2009-12-15. http://clerk.house.gov/evs/2009/roll971.xml. Retrieved 2011-07-18.
- ^ Wayne Shorter: Artist Profile. Rolling Stone
- ^ Cannonball Adderley: Artist Profile. Rolling Stone
- ^ Herbie Hancock: Artist Profile. Rolling Stone
- ^ Traveling Miles. Jazz Times
- ^ Lalo Schifrin Biography. Allmusic
- ^ Tangerine Dream Biography. Allmusic
- ^ Sting Biography. Allmusic
- ^ Christopher Smith, "A Sense of the Possible. Miles Davis and the Semiotics of Improvised Performance". TDR, Vol. 39, No. 3 (Autumn, 1995), pp. 41–55.
- ^ NEC Honorary Doctor of Music Degree. New England Conservatory
Bibliography[link]
- Carr, Ian. Miles Davis. ISBN 0-00-653026-5.
- Chambers, Jack. Milestones: The Music and Times of Miles Davis. ISBN 0-306-80849-8.
- Cole, George. The Last Miles: The Music of Miles Davis 1980–1991. ISBN 1-904768-18-0.
- Cook, Richard (2007). "It's About That Time: Miles Davis On and Off Record". Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-532266-8
- Cook, Richard, and Brian Morton. Entry "Miles Davis" in Penguin Guide to Jazz, Penguin, ISBN 0-14-017949-6.
- Davis, Miles & Troupe, Quincy. Miles: The Autobiography. ISBN 0-671-63504-2.
- Davis, Gregory. Dark Magus: The Jekyll & Hyde Life of Miles Davis. ISBN 978-0-87930-875-9.
- Early, Gerald. Miles Davis and American Culture. ISBN 1-883982-37-5 cloth, ISBN 1-883982-38-3, paper.
- Szwed, John. So What: The Life of Miles Davis. ISBN 0-434-00759-5.
- Tingen, Paul. Miles Beyond: The Electric Explorations of Miles Davis, 1967–1991. ISBN 0-8230-8360-8. [4]
- Mandel, Howard (2007). Miles, Ornette, Cecil: Jazz Beyond Jazz. Routledge. ISBN 0-415-96714-7.
External links[link]
 |
Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Miles Davis |
|
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Miles Davis |
- Miles Davis at Find A Grave
- Miles Davis – official website.
- Miles Davis – official Sony Music website.
- Miles Davis at Allmusic
- Miles Davis collected news and commentary at The New York Times
- Miles Davis collected news and commentary at The Guardian
- Works by or about Miles Davis in libraries (WorldCat catalog)
- Miles Davis's '70s: The Excitement! The Terror! — Robert Christgau, The Village Voice
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
||||||||
|
|||||||||||
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Davis, Miles Dewey Davis III |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | Jazz trumpeter |
| Date of birth | May 26, 1926 |
| Place of birth | Alton, Illinois |
| Date of death | September 28, 1991 |
| Place of death | Santa Monica, California |
http://wn.com/Miles_Davis
Related pages:
http://ru.wn.com/Дейвис, Майлс
http://fr.wn.com/Miles Davis
http://de.wn.com/Miles Davis
http://it.wn.com/Miles Davis
http://es.wn.com/Miles Davis
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miles_Davis
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
21:41
Deborah Rhodes: A tool that finds 3x more breast tumors, and why it's not available to you
TEDtalksDirector
Deborah Rhodes: A tool that finds 3x more breast tumors, and why it's not available to you
www.ted.com Working with a team of physicists, Dr. Deborah Rhodes developed a new tool for tumor detection that's 3 times as effective as traditional mammograms for women with dense breast tissue. The life-saving implications are stunning. So why haven't we heard of it? Rhodes shares the story behind the tool's creation, and the web of politics and economics that keep it from mainstream use.TEDTalks is a daily video podcast of the best talks and performances from the TED Conference, where the world's leading thinkers and doers give the talk of their lives in 18 minutes. Featured speakers have included Al Gore on climate change, Philippe Starck on design, Jill Bolte Taylor on observing her own stroke, Nicholas Negroponte on One Laptop per Child, Jane Goodall on chimpanzees, Bill Gates on malaria and mosquitoes, Pattie Maes on the "Sixth Sense" wearable tech, and "Lost" producer JJ Abrams on the allure of mystery. TED stands for Technology, Entertainment, Design, and TEDTalks cover these topics as well as science, business, development and the arts. Closed captions and translated subtitles in a variety of languages are now available on TED.com, at http Watch a highlight reel of the Top 10 TEDTalks at www.ted.com
4:02
Ally Rhodes - Fresh Tracks (Official Video)
allysmusic14
Ally Rhodes - Fresh Tracks (Official Video)
Buy this song on iTunes here: itunes.apple.com My album "Illuminated" is also available on iTunes: itunes.apple.com And also on my website: allyrhodes.bigcartel.com allyrhodes.net http facebook.com itunes.apple.com Produced by Spicy G (www.youtube.com Video Produced by: Jay "The Master" Lee Written by Ally Rhodes LYRICS: i'm not going anywhere without you you don't understand how much i have to lose cuz you don't see the wreckage that you leave when you hide yourself away from me you tell me not to close the doors cuz the windows aren't enough escapism ain't your forte, babe i could teach you but it's tough and i don't want to refuse to help you go i need to keep you it's selfishness, i know it's been a good four or five years and after all this time i'm still right here it'd be a long way home and we didn't mark the path back too long for the fresh tracks maybe you're weary and i feel like i'm losing my grip but hope is near we won't find it alone and we didn't mark the path back too long for the fresh tracks don't know how much faster i can run but i have to keep on keeping up cuz i can't let you get so far away that you find your mind and make it change you're holding out your arms for me but you always pull away glue them to your side pretend you've got nothing to say cuz you're too scared to but baby you're just glass to me, just see through when you put on your act it's been a good four or five years and after all this time i'm still right here it'd be a long way <b>...</b>
58:16
Building Crossplatform Mobile Apps with the Rhodes Framework
GoogleTechTalks
Building Crossplatform Mobile Apps with the Rhodes Framework
Google Tech Talks March 4, 2009 ABSTRACT Rhodes is an open source Ruby-based MVC framework for building locally executing, device-optimized mobile applications which run on all smartphone devices. It is similar concept to frameworks such as Rails, Merb and Django but is much lighterweight in order to run locally on smartphones with limited memory and resources. Rhodes is primarily targeted at applications that work with synchronized local data from server application backends, using the other source component RhoSync . Rhodes also allows you to take advantage of native device capabilities such as GPS, PIM contacts and camera. Yet the majority of your interface development is done by modifying HTML templates. Rhodes is available for iPhone, Windows Mobile and Research in Motion, Symbian and Android smartphones. In this session we'll demonstrate building a mobile app from scratch which runs on all of these devices. Rhomobile is the open mobile framework company. Our mission is to build open source components to facilitate building crossplatform mobile apps quickly and with a great user experience. Our components include the Rhodes framework, the RhoSync synchronization server and the RhoVer mobile app provisioning server. Speaker: Adam Blum Currently CEO of stealth mode mobile software platform startup. Formerly the VP of Engineering of Mobio and Engineering director for Good Technology. Ultramarathoner, author and adjunct professor at Carnegie Mellon West and UC Berkeley.
show more
add to playlist
clear
