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Disneyland
Disneyland Park is a theme park located in Anaheim, California, owned and operated by the Walt Disney Parks and Resorts division of The Walt Disney Company. Originally, and still often colloquially, called Disneyland, it was dedicated with a televised press preview on July 17, 1955, and opened to the general public on July 18, 1955. Disneyland holds the distinction of being the only theme park to be designed and built under the direct supervision of Walt Disney himself. In 1998, the theme park was re-branded "Disneyland Park" to distinguish it from the larger Disneyland Resort complex.
http://wn.com/Disneyland
-
Cher
Cher (; born Cherilyn Sarkisian on May 20, 1946) is an American recording artist, actress, director and record producer. Referred to as the Goddess of Pop, she has won an Academy Award, a Grammy Award, an Emmy Award, three Golden Globes, a Cannes Film Festival Award and a People's Choice Award for her work in film, music and television.
http://wn.com/Cher -
Esquerita
Esquerita was the stage name of singer, songwriter and pianist Eskew Reeder Jr. He was born in Greenville, South Carolina, on November 20, 1935, and died in Harlem on October 23, 1986, of AIDS. He is credited with influencing rock and roll pioneer Little Richard, though the extent and nature of Reeder's influence or vice-versa is uncertain.
http://wn.com/Esquerita
Little Richard Filmography
- Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Live: Feelin' Alright (2009)
- The 36th Annual Daytime Emmy Awards (2009)
- Sex in '69: The Sexual Revolution in America (2009)
- The 50th Annual Grammy Awards (2008)
- James Brown: The Man, the Music, & the Message (2008)
- A Capitol Fourth (2007)
- Born to Controversy: The Roddy Piper Story (2006)
- Cinderella: Rocked, Wired & Bluesed - The Greatest Video Hits (2005)
- Electric Purgatory: The Fate of the Black Rocker (2005)
- Sad to Be Gay (2005)
- The 3rd Annual TV Land Awards (2005)
- And You Don't Stop: 30 Years of Hip-Hop (2004)
- Christmas from Hollywood (2003)
- Elvis Lives (2002)
- American Bandstand's 50th Anniversary Celebration (2002)
- It's Black Entertainment (2002)
- 33rd NAACP Image Awards (2002)
- The Trumpet of the Swan (2001)
- Rock, Rhythm & Doo Wop (2001)
- The Kennedy Center Honors: A Celebration of the Performing Arts (2000)
- John & Yoko's Year of Peace (2000)
- Hollywood Rocks the Movies: The Early Years (1955-1970) (2000)
- Little Richard (2000)
- Hollywood Rocks 'N' Rolls in the 50's (1999)
- Mystery, Alaska (1999)
- Motown 40: The Music Is Forever (1998)
- Chairman of the Board (1998)
- Why Do Fools Fall in Love (1998)
- Quincy Jones... The First 50 Years (1998)
- The 24th Annual American Music Awards (1997)
- The Fifties (1997)
- Rudy Coby: Ridiculously Dangerous (1996)
- The Late Shift (1996)
- The History of Rock 'N' Roll, Vol. 2 (1995)
- Sinatra: 80 Years My Way (1995)
- Champions of the World (1995)
- Rock & Roll (1995)
- Michael Jackson: Video Greatest Hits - HIStory (1995)
- The History of Rock 'N' Roll, Vol. 1 (1995)
- A Gala for the President at Ford's Theatre (1994)
- WrestleMania X (1994)
- The 21st Annual American Music Awards (1994)
- 28th Annual Country Music Association Awards (1994)
- The Pickle (1993)
- Last Action Hero (1993)
- The 35th Annual Grammy Awards (1993)
- The Kennedy Center Honors: A Celebration of the Performing Arts (1993)
- The Naked Truth (1993)
- Muhammad Ali's 50th Birthday Celebration (1992)
- Twist (1992)
- Sunset Heat (1992)
- The 13th Annual American Black Achievement Awards (1992)
- Voices that Care (1991)
- Golden Age of Rock'n'Roll (1991)
- The Jaleel White Special (1991)
- Mother Goose Rock 'n' Rhyme (1990)
- Bangles Greatest Hits (1990)
- Happy Birthday, Bugs!: 50 Looney Years (1990)
- The Chipmunks: Rockin' Through the Decades (1990)
- The Debbie Allen Special (1989)
- The 16th Annual American Music Awards (1989)
- Scenes from the Class Struggle in Beverly Hills (1989)
- Purple People Eater (1988)
- Christmas Special (1988)
- John Lennon and the Plastic Ono Band: Sweet Toronto (1988)
- The 15th Annual American Music Awards (1988)
- The 30th Annual Grammy Awards (1988)
- A Vision Shared: A Tribute to Woody Guthrie and Leadbelly (1988)
- Rock 'n' Roll Christmas (1988)
- Goddess of Love (1988)
- The 60th Annual Academy Awards (1988)
- Diana Ross: Red Hot Rhythm and Blues (1987)
- The 1st Annual Soul Train Music Awards (1987)
- The 8th Annual Black Achievement Awards (1987)
- The Magic Years, Vol. 1 (1987)
- The Magic Years, Vol. 2 (1987)
- The Magic Years, Vol. 3 (1987)
- Chuck Berry Hail! Hail! Rock 'n' Roll (1987)
- Amen (1986)
- Down and Out in Beverly Hills (1986)
- Joan Rivers and Friends Salute Heidi Abromowitz (1985)
- Motown Returns to the Apollo (1985)
- DTV: Pop & Rock (1984)
- The Compleat Beatles (1984)
- Rock and Roll: The Early Days (1984)
- Cool Cats: 25 Years of Rock 'n' Roll Style (1983)
- American Bandstand's 30th Anniversary Special (1981)
- The Little Richard Story (1980)
- Little Richard: Portrait of a Legend (1977)
- Salute to Lew Grade (1975)
- Jimi Hendrix (1973)
- The London Rock and Roll Show (1973)
- Let the Good Times Roll (1973)
- 33 1/3 Revolutions Per Monkee (1969)
- Keep on 'Rockin (1969)
- Catalina Caper (1967)
- It's Little Richard (1964)
- Mister Rock and Roll (1957)
- The Girl Can't Help It (1956)
- Don't Knock the Rock (1956)
Richard Wayne Penniman, better known as Little Richard, the self-proclaimed "Architect of Rock 'N Roll", travelled in his early days with the legendary vaudeville star Spencer "Snake" Anthony. One of Richard's early bands had the young, then unknown singer 'James Brown (I)' (qv) (the Godfather of Soul), a fourteen-year-old keyboardist named 'Billy Preston (I)' (qv), and the famous and legendary Rock guitarist 'Jimi Hendrix' (qv). His first recording session took place at WGST in Atlanta, Georgia, USA; he was backed by a local band led by Billy Wright. This session produced a local hit called "Every Hour" which enjoyed heavy airplay on Atlanta's WERD radio station which was the first completely Black-owned radio station in the United States. Little Richard, backed up by his idol Billy Wright once referred to him as the most fantastic entertainer he had ever seen. Indeed, it was Wright who used a makeup called Pancake 31. Little Richard admitted to copying Wright's penchant for heavy makeup and wild stage theatrics. With a public persona and personal life marked by sexual ambiguity, he would make his mark with later hits such as the suggestive "Tootie Fruity" and "Great Gosh Almighty". Unbeknownst to many fans, Richard overcame a debilitating drug habit and eventually became an ordained minister. Beginning in the 1980s he saw a resurgence in his popularity as he acquired small acting roles where he impressed fans, old and new, with his unique comedic timing. As versatile and ageless as ever, Little Richard continues to delight fans the world over with his extraordinary stage presence and flamboyant antics. Now inducted into the Rock 'N Roll Hall of Fame, he remains one of the most popular entertainers in the world.
Little, Richard Filmography
Little, Richard Filmography
RELEASE
ALBUMS
- Lucille
- Tutti Frutti
- Long Tall Sally
- Whole Lotta Shakin' Goin' On
- Keep on Knockin'
- Goin' Home Tomorrow
- Hound Dog
- Rip It Up
- She's Got It
- Good Golly Miss Molly
- Ready Teddy
- Short Fat Fanny
- Ooh My Soul
- Slippin' and Slidin'
- The Girl Can't Help It
- Send Me Some Lovin'
- Baby Face
- Money Honey
- Groovy Little Suzie
- Jenny Jenny
- Interview
- Tutti Frutti
- Long Tall Sally
- Good Golly, Miss Molly
- Slippin' and Slidin' (Peepin' and Hidin')
- Rip It Up
- Ready Teddy
- Heeby-Jeebies
- She's Got It
- The Girl Can't Help It
- All Around the World
- Lucille
- Send Me Some Lovin'
- Jenny Jenny
- Miss Ann
- Keep A-Knockin'
- Ooh! My Soul
- True Fine Mama
- Baby Face
- Medley: Kansas City / Hey Hey Hey Hey
- By the Light of the Silvery Moon
- Bama Lama Bama Loo
- Whole Lotta Shakin' Going On
- Hound Dog (rehearsal take)
- Baby (demo)
- Medley: Ain't That a Shame / I Got a Woman / Tutti Frutti (live)
- Tutti Frutti
- True Fine Mama
- Can't Believe You Wanna Leave
- Ready Teddy
- Baby
- Slippin' and Slidin'
- Miss Ann
- Oh Why?
- Rip It Up
- Jenny Jenny
- She's Got It
- Long Tall Sally
- Tutti Frutti
- True Fine Mama
- Can't Believe You Wanna Leave
- Ready Teddy
- Baby
- Slippin' And Slidin'
- Long Tall Sally
- Miss Ann
- Oh Why
- Rip It Up
- Jenny Jenny
- She's Got It
- Keep A Knockin'
- By The Light Of The Silvery Moon
- Send Me Some Lovin'
- I'll Never Let You Go
- Heeby-Jeebies
- All Around The World
- Good Golly Miss Molly
- Baby Face
- Hey Hey Hey Hey
- Ooh! My Soul
- The Girl Can't Help It
- Lucille
- I Don't Want to Discuss It
- The Commandments of Love
- Poor Dog (Who Can't Wag His Own Tail)
- I Need Love
- Never Gonna Let You Go
- Don't Deceive Me
- Function at the Junction
- Well All Right
- Land of a Thousand Dances
- Hurry Sundown
- A Little Bit of Something (Beats a Whole Lot of Nothing)
- Golden Arrow
- Rocking Chair
- Get Down With It
- Rose Mary
- Hound Dog
- Money
- Tutti Frutti
- Rip It Up
- Ooh!! My Soul
- Long Tall Sally
- Lucille
- Keep a Knockin'
- Baby Face
- Good Golly Miss Molly
- Jenny Jenny
- The Girl Can't Help It
- Kansas City
- She's Got It
- Ready Teddy
- By the Light of the Silvery Moon
- True Fine Mama
- Slippin' and Slidin' (Peepin' and Hidin')
- Miss Ann
- All Around the World
- Hey-Hey-Hey-Hey
- Bama Lama, Bama Loo
- Bo Hoo Hoo Hoo (I'll Never Let You Go)
- Heebie-Jeebies
- Send Me Some Lovin'
- Can't Believe You Wanna Leave
- Baby (demo)
- All Night Long (demo)
- She's My Star (rehearsal)
- Lonesome and Blue
- Wonderin'
- All Night Long
- Kansas City (take 1)
- Kansas City
- Maybe I'm Right (take 7)
- Directly From the Heart
- Baby
- I'm Just a Lonely Guy (All Alone)
- Tutti Frutti (take 2)
- Tutti Frutti
- Slippin' & Slidin' (Peepin' & Hidin') (demo)
- Slippin' & Slidin' (Peepin' & Hidin') (demo)
- Slippin' & Slidin' (Peepin' & Hidin') (demo)
- She's My Star (demo)
- Chicken Little Baby
- Miss Ann (take 8)
- Baby (take 1)
- True Fine Mama
- Kansas City / Hey Hey Hey Hey (takes 5, 6, 7)
- Kansas City / Hey Hey Hey Hey
- Long Tall Sally (The Thing) (take 1)
- Long Tall Sally (The Thing) (take 6)
- Long Tall Sally
- Tutti Frutti
- Lucille
- Good Golly Miss Molly
- Hound Dog
- Short Fat Fanny
- Whole Lotta Shakin' Goin' On
- Groovy Little Suzy
- Ready Teddy
- Lawdy Miss Clawdy
- Jenny Jenny
- Rip It Up
- Ooh My Soul
- Goodnight Irene
- Long Tall Sally
- Money Honey
- Good Golly Miss Molly
- Tutti Frutti
- Lucille
- Rip It Up
- She's Got It
- Whole Lotta Shakin' Goin' On
- Keep a Knockin'
- Jenny Jenny
- Send Me Some Lovin'
- Slippin' and Slidin'
- The Girl Can't Help It
- Babyface
- By the Light of the Silvery Moon
- Reddy Teddy
- She's Got It
- Bama Lama Bama Loo
- Keep a Knockin'
- Ooh My Soul
- Rip It Up
- Ready Teddy
- Long Tall Sally
- Tutti Frutti
- The Girl Can't Help It
- She's Got It
- Lucille
- Send Me Some Lovin'
- Jenny, Jenny
- Miss Ann
- Keep a Knockin'
- Can't Believe You Wanna Leave
- Good Golly Miss Molly
- Hey-Hey-Hey
- Ooh' My Soul
- True Fine Mama
- Baby Face
- Boo Hoo Hoo (I'll Never Let You Go)
- By the Light of the Silvery Moon
- Early One Morning
- Kansas City
- She Knows How to Rock
- Baby
- I Got It
- Bama Lama Bama Loo
- Annie Is Back
- Tutti Frutti
- Long Tall Sally
- Rip It Up
- Slipin' & Slidin' (Peepin' and Hidin')
- Ready Teddy
- Keep a Knockin'
- Jenny, Jenny
- Lucille
- Good Golly Miss Molly
- Ooh! My Soul
- Lucille
- Hound Dog
- Going Home Tomorrow
- Why Don't You Love Me
- Whole Lotta Shakin'
- Belle Star
- Lawdy Liss Clawdy
- Tutti Frutti
- Funky Dish Rag
- Goodnight Irene
- Keep a Knockin'
- Money
- Whole Lotta Shakin' Goin' On
- Money Honey
- Good Golly Miss Molly
- Tutti Frutti
- Lucille
- Rip It Up
- She's Got It
- Long Tall Sally
- Keep a Knockin'
- Jenny, Jenny
- Send Me Some Lovin'
- Slippin' and Slidin'
- The Girl Can't Help It
- Baby Face
- Tutti Frutti
- Lucille
- Send Me Some Lovin'
- Rip It Up
- Whole Lotta Shakin' Goin' On
- Ooh, My Soul
- Baby Face
- Good Golly Miss Molly
- Slippin' And Slidin'
- Jenny Jenny
- Long Tall Sally
- Tuttu Frutti
- Good Golly Miss Molly
- Lucille
- Jenny, Jenny
- Keep a Knockin'
- Rip It Up
- Slippin' and Slidin'
- Ooh! My Soul
- Baby Face
- She's Got It
- The Girl Can't Help It
- Send Me Some Lovin'
- All Around the World
- Miss Ann
- Ready Teddy
- The Hokey Pokey
- On Top of Spaghetti
- Old MacDonald
- She'll Be Comin' Around the Mountain
- Zip-A-Dee-Doo-Dah
- Keep a Knockin'
- Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star
- If You're Happy and You Know It
- When the Saints Go Marching In
- He's Got the Whole World in His Hands
- Here We Go Loopty-Loo
- Oh Where, Oh Where Has My Little Dog Gone?
- Tutti Frutti
- Baby
- I'm Just a Lonely Guy
- True Fine Mama
- Kansas City / Hey-Hey-Hey-Hey
- Slippin' and Slidin' (Peepin' and Hidin')
- Long Tall Sally
- Miss Ann
- Oh Why?
- Ready Teddy
- Hey-Hey-Hey-Hey
- Rip It Up
- Lucille
- Heeby-Jeebies
- Can't Believe You Wanna Leave
- Shake a Hand
- All Around the World
- She's Got It
- Jenny Jenny
- Good Golly Miss Molly
- The Girl Can't Help It
- Send Me Some Lovin'
- Ooh! My Soul
- Keep a Knockin'
- Whole Lotta Shakin' Goin' On
- Tutti Frutti
- Jenny Jenny
- Lucille
- Good Golly Miss Molly
- Long Tall Sally
- Keep a Knockin'
- Rip It Up
- Baby Face
- Whole Lotta Shakin' Goin' On
- Lawdie Miss Claudie
- The Girl Can't Help It
- She's Got It
- Send Me Some Lovin'
- Ooh! My Soul
- Hound Dog
- Blueberry Hill
- Only You (And You Alone)
- Goodnight Irene
- Short Fat Fannie
- Chain Chain Chain
- True Fine Mama
- Directly From My Heart to You
- Mississippi
- In the Name
- Don't You Know I
- Money Honey
- Groovy Little Suzy
- Talking About Soul.
- Slippin' and Slidin'
- Dancing All Around the World
- Keep a Knockin'
- By the Light of the Silvery Moon
- Send Me Some Lovin'
- Boo Hoo Hoo Hoo
- Heeby-Jeebies
- All Around the World
- Good Golly Miss Molly
- Baby Face
- Hey Hey Hey Hey
- Ooh! My Soul
- The Girl Can't Help It
- Lucille
- Shake a Hand
- Chicken Little Baby
- All Night Long
- The Most I Can Offer
- Lonesome and Blue
- Wonderin'
- She Knows How to Rock
- Kansas City
- Directly From My Heart
- Maybe I'm Right
- Early One Morning
- I'm Just a Lonely Guy
- Whole Lotta Shakin'
- Get Rich Quick
- Why Did You Leave Me?
- Taxi Blues
- Every Hour
- I Brought It All on Myself
- Thinkin' 'Bout My Mother
- Ain't Nothin' Happenin'
- Please Have Mercy on Me
- Get Rich Quick (alternative)
- Thinkin' 'Bout My Mother (take A)
- I Brought It All on Myself (take C)
- Please Have Mercy On Me (take A)
- Little Richard Boogie
- Directly From My Heart
- I Love My Baby
- Maybe I'm Right
- Ain't That Good News
- Fool at the Wheel
- Rice, Red Beans and Turnip Greens
- Always
- Directly From My Heart (alternative)
- I Love My Baby (take 2)
- Tutti Fruti
- Long Tall Sally
- Rip It Up
- Jenny Jenny
- Good Golly, Miss Molly
- Ready Teddy
- Slippin' and Slidin'
- The Girl Can't Help It
- I Got It
- Heeby-Jeebies
- Lucille
- Keep-a-Knockin'
- Miss Ann
- Ooh! My Soul
- True Fine Mama
- Directly From My Heart
- Hey Hey Hey Hey
- Send Me Some Lovin'
- Baby Face
- By the Light of the Silvery Moon
- Whole Lotta Shakin' Goin' On
- Money Honey
- Lucille
- I Don't Know What You Got
- She's Got It
- Hound Dog
- Jenny Jenny
- Good Golly Miss Molly
- The Girl Can't Help It
- Tutti Frutti
- Goodnight Irene
- Keep a Knockin'
- Cherry Red
- Slippin' and Slidin'
- Groovy Little Suzy
- Long Tall Sally
- Tutti Frutti
- Slippin' and Slidin'
- Rip It Up
- Ready Teddy
- Heeby-Jeebies
- She's Got It
- The Girl Can't Help It
- All Around the World
- Lucille
- Send Me Some Lovin'
- Jenny, Jenny
- Miss Ann
- Keep A-Knockin'
- Good Golly Miss Molly
- Ooh! My Soul
- Kansas City / Hey Hey Hey
- Bama Lama, Bama Loo
- Long Tall Sally
- Freedom Blues
- Greenwood, Mississippi
- Two-Time Loser
- Dew Drop Inn
- Somebody Saw You
- Spreadin' Natta, What's the Matter?
- The Rill Thing
- Lovesick Blues
- I Saw Her Standing There
- Get Down With It
- Land of a Thousand Dances
- The Commandments of Love
- I Don't Want to Discuss It
- Money (That's What I Want)
- Poor Dog (Who Can't Wag His Own Tail)
- I Need Love
- Never Gonna Let You Go
- Don't Deceive Me (Please Don't Go)
- Function at the Junction
- Well (A.K.A. Well All Right)
- Keep a Knockin'
- By the Light of the Silvery Moon
- Send Me Some Lovin'
- I'll Never Let You Go
- Heeby Jeebies
- All Around the World
- Good Golly, Miss Molly
- Baby Face
- Hey-Hey-Hey-Hey
- Ooh! My Soul
- The Girl Can't Help It
- Lucille
- Keep a Knockin'
- Rip It Up
- Tutti Frutti
- Long Tall Sally
- Good Golly Miss Molly
- She's Got It
- Send Me Some Lovin'
- Ooh! My Soul
- Whole Lotta Shakin' Goin' On
- Money Honey
- Hound Dog
- Groovy Little Suzy
- Baby Face
- Ready Teddy
- The Girl Can't Help It
- Jenny Jenny
- Lucille
- Whole Lotta Shakin' Goin' On
- Money Honey
- Hound Dog
- I Don't Know What You Got
- Tuttie Frutti
- The Girl Can't Help It
- Jenny, Jenny
- Groovy Little Suzy
- Blueberry Hill
- She's Got It
- Talkin' 'Bout Soul
- Cherry Red
- Lucille
- Long Tall Sally
- Baby Face
- Only You
- Goodnight Irene
- Good Golly Miss Molly
- Without Love
- Dancin' 'Round The World
- Tutti Frutti
- Long Tall Sally
- Ready Teddy
- Rip It Up
- Slippin' and Slidin'
- She's Got It
- Liittle Ricard Boogie
- Get Rich Quick
- Please Have Mercy On Me
- Thinkin' bout My Mother
- Why Did You Leave Me ?
- I'm just a Lonely Guy
- Hebby-Jebbies
- Every Hour
- Directly From My Heart
- I Brought It All On Myself
- Ain't That Good News
- Ain't Nothing Happening
- I Love My Baby
- Taxi Blues
- Long Tall Sally
- Keep a Knockin'
- Good Golly Miss Molly
- The Girl Can't Help It
- Tutti Fruitti
- Lucille
- Ooh! My Soul
- Slippin' and Slidin'
- Baby Face
- Rip It Up
- Send Me Some Lovin'
- Hound Dog
- Cherry Red
- Short Fat Fanny
- Money Honey
- Whole Lotta Shakin' Goin' On
- Good Golly Miss Molly
- Tutti Frutti
- Long Tall Sally
- Rip It Up
- Lucille
- Miss An
- The Girl Can't Help It
- True Fine Mama
- Ooh! My Soul
- Send Me Some Lovin'
- Jenny Jenny
- Baby Face
- Can't Believe You Wanna Leave
- Reddy Teddy
- She's Got It
- Slippin' and Slidin'
- All Around the World
- By the Light of the Silvery Moon
- Bama Lama Bama Loo
- Keep a Knockin'
- Tutti Frutti
- Jenny Jenny
- Keep A Knockin'
- The Girl Can't Help It
- Long Tall Sally
- Good Golly Miss Molly
- Lucille
- Ohh My Soul
- Ready Teddy
- Can't Believe You Wanna Leave
- Baby Face
- She's Got It
- Rip It Up
- Slippin' & Slidin'
- By The Light Of The Silvery Moon
- True Fine Mama
- All Around The World
- Bama Lama Bama Loo
- Miss Ann
- Send Me Some Lovin'
- Tutti Frutti
- Good Golly Miss Molly
- Lucille
- Long Tall Sally
- Jenny Jenny
- The Girl Can't Help It
- Keep a Knockin'
- Hound Dog
- Cherry Red
- Only You
- She's Got It
- Whole Lotta Shakin' Goin' On
- Blueberry Hill
- Goodnight Irene
- Tutti Frutti
- True, Fine Mama
- Can't Believe You Wanna Leave
- Ready Teddy
- Baby
- Slippin' And Sliddin'
- Long Tall Sally
- Miss Ann
- Oh Why?
- Rip It Up
- Jenny Jenny
- She's Got It
- Baby (Take 1)
- Long Tall Sally (Take 5)
- Miss Ann (Take 7)
- Tutti Frutti
- Good Golly Miss Molly
- Short Fat Fannie
- Money Honey
- Lucille
- Goinn' Home (Tomorrow)
- Chains of Love
- Blueberry Hill
- Hound Dog
- She's Got It
- Dock of the Bay
- Cherry Red
- Only You
- Without Love
- Goodnight Irene
- Baby Face
- Groovy Little Suzy
- Long Tall Sally
Whole Lotta Shakin' Goin' On! The Very Best of Little Richard & Jerry Lee Lewis
add all to playlist
select all
- Whole Lotta Shakin' Goin' On
- It'll Be Me
- Great Balls Of Fire
- Down The Line
- Breathless
- High School Confidential
- Lovin' Up A Storm
- Big Blon' Baby
- Lewis Boogie
- Put Me Down
- Ubangi Stomp
- Break Up
- Long Tall Sally
- Roll Over Beethoven
- Maybellene
- Flip, Flop, Fly
- I Believe In You
- Johnny B. Goode
- Hound Dog
- Hi-Heel Sneakers
- Long Tall Sally
- Lucille
- Keep a Knockin
- Jenny, Jenny
- Tutti Frutti
- Rip It Up
- The Girl Can't Help It
- Good Golly Miss Molly
- Baby Face
- Cherry Red
- Groovy Little Suzy
- Money Honey
- Without Love
- Talking Bout Soul
- Send Me Some Lovin
- Hound Dog
- Baby Face
- Tutti Frutti
- Long Tall Sally
- Keep a Knockin'
- Groovy Little Suzy
- Cherry Red
- Good Golly Miss Molly
- The Girl Can't Help It
- Without Love
- Dock of the Bay
- Right It Up
- Money Honey
- Short Fat Fanny
- Slippin' and Slidin'
- Talkin' 'Bout Soul
- She's Got It
- Good Golly, Miss Molly
- Lucille
- Long Tall Sally
- Hound Dog
- Tutti Frutti
- The Girl Can't Help It
- Rip It Up
- Keep A Knockin'
- Short Fat Fanny
- Whole Lotta Shakin' Goin' On
- Goin' Home Tomorrow
- Slippin' An' A-Slidin'
- Send Me Some Lovin'
- Ooh My Soul
- Jenny Jenny
- Groovy Little Suzy
- Baby Face
- Tutti Fruitti
- Rip It Up
- Lucille
- Jenny, Jenny
- She's Got It
- The Girl Can't Help It
- Long Tall Sally
- Send Me Lovin'
- Baby Face
- Keep a Knockin'
- Slippin' and Slidin'
- Good Golly Miss Molly
- Ready Teddy
- Rip It Up
- The Girl Can't Help It
- Boo Hoo Hoo Hoo (I'll Never Let You Go)
- Miss Ann
- Good Golly Miss Molly
- Lucille
- Keep a Knockin'
- Can't Believe You Wanna Leave
- Tutti Frutti
- Heeby Jeebies
- Send Me Some Lovin'
- Chicken Little Baby
- Hey-Hey-Hey-Hey! (Goin' Back to Birmingham)
- She's Got It
- Slippin' and Slidin'
- Ooh My Soul!
- Jenny, Jenny
- True Fine Mama
- Wonderin'
- All Around the World
- Directly From My Heart
- Baby
- Long Tall Sally
- Whole Lotta Shakin'
- Goodnight Irene
- Keep a Knockin'
- Goin' Home Tomorrow
- Belle Stars
- Tutti Frutti
- Lawdy Miss Clawdy
- Why Don't You Love Me
- Lucille
- Hound Dog
- Money Honey
- Funky Dish Rag
- Long Tall Sally
- Lucille
- Keep a Knockin'
- Jenny, Jenny
- Tutti Frutti
- Rip It Up
- The Girl Can't Help It
- Good Golly Miss Molly
- Baby Face
- Cherry Red
- Groovy Little Suzy
- Money Honey
- Without Love
- Talkin 'Bout Soul
- Send Me Some Lovin'
- Hound Dog
- Lucille
- Long Tall Sally
- Whole Lotta Shakin' Goin On
- Good Golly Miss Molly
- Tutti Frutti
- Rip It Up
- Keep a Knockin'
- Short Fat Fanny
- Ooh My Soul
- Jenny, Jenny
- The Girl Can't Help It
- Slippin' and Slidin'
- She's Got It
- I Don't Know What You Got
- Money Honey
- Without Love
- Groovy Little Suzy
- Talkin' 'bout Soul
- Baby Face
- Only You
- Goodnight Irene
- Dancin' Around the World
- Cherry Red
- Blueberry Hill
- Hound Dog
- Goin' Home Tomorrow
- Send Me Some Lovin'
- Tutti Frutti
- Rip It Up
- Slipin' & Slidin' (Peepin' and Hidin')
- Ready Teddy
- Keep a Knockin'
- Jenny, Jenny
- Lucille
- The Girl Can't Help It
- Send Me Some Lovin'
- Miss Ann
- Good Golly Miss Molly
- Ooh! My Soul
- Baby Face
- True Fine Mama
- Bama Lama Bama Loo
- All Aound the World
- By the Light of the Silvery Moon
- Can't Believe You Wanna Leave
- She's Got It
- Tutti Frutti (extended version)
- Long Tall Sally
- The Girl Can't Help It
- Tutti Frutti
- Long Tall Sally
- She's Got It
- Keep a Knockin'
- Heeby-Jeebies
- Good Golly, Miss Molly
- Ooh! My Soul
- Lucille
- Slippin' and Slidin'
- Rip It Up
- Ready Teddy
- All Around the World
- Send Me Some Lovin'
- Jenny, Jenny
- Miss Ann
- Tutti Frutti
- Slippin' and Slidin'
- Rip It Up
- All Around the World
- Send Me Some Lovin'
- She's Got It
- Miss Ann
- Good Golly Miss Molly
- Ooh My Soul
- Baby Face
- Kansas City
- Ready Teddy
- The Girl Can't Help It
- Lucille
- Heebie-Jeebies
- Jenny, Jenny
- Keep a Knockin'
- Hey, Hey, Hey
- True Fine Mama
- I'll Never Let You Go (Bo Hoo Hoo Hoo)
- Bama Lama, Bama Loo
- Long Tall Sally
- Tutti Fruti
- Lucille
- Good Golly Miss Molly
- The Girl Can't Help It
- Jenny Jenny
- She's Got It
- Baby Face
- Ready Teddy
- Whole Lotta Shakin' Goin' On
- Blueberry Hill
- Hound Dog
- Long Tall Sally
- Lucille
- Keep A Knockin'
- Good Golly Miss Molly
- Rip It Up
- Slippin' And Slidin'
- Ready Teddy
- Funky Dish Rag
- Belle Stars
- Ohh My Soul
- Talking 'Bout Soul
- Groovy Little Suzy
- Baby Face
- Money Honey
- Jenny Jenny
- Without Love
- Cherry Red
- Dancin' All Around The World
- Long Tall Sally
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Little Richard 2000 Movie Favorite parts
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:30
- Published: 30 Apr 2008
- Updated: 04 Jun 2012
Favorite parts of The Little Richard Movie 2000 Played by Leon. If any one is looking to see this movie you and Find it on netflix . com this is were i seen it
http://wn.com/Little_Richard_2000_Movie_Favorite_parts
Little Richard HQ Favorite parts. prt2
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:13
- Published: 28 Mar 2009
- Updated: 02 Jun 2012
Little Richard HQ Favorite parts. prt1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:40
- Published: 28 Mar 2009
- Updated: 01 Jun 2012
Higher Quality from the last video .Also added more parts.
http://wn.com/Little_Richard_HQ_Favorite_parts_prt1
Little Richrd(2000)_Trailer
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:37
- Published: 23 Oct 2008
- Updated: 07 Mar 2012
50's style movie
http://wn.com/Little_Richrd2000_Trailer
Little Richard live Part 1
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:33
- Published: 11 Oct 2007
- Updated: 29 May 2012
Artist:Little Richard Website:www.leobennink.nl ''NEW'',Download Leo Bennink Albums, Tracks and Songs,on the''ITUNES''store The high Quality AAC Music. Leo & Dihl Bennink have a long musical history behind them,both were members of two famous Dutch groups in the sixties Dihl(Tee Set) Leo(The Motions)in 1996 they got the idea to join together and started the legendary guitar group The Black Albinos with Hoss on fenderbass, It makes this band a true time capsule of one of the best guitar talents in this world around. Leo began as a guitar-player in 1959 with the Indo-Rock groups THE REAL RHYTHM TEENS and THE ROCKING SENSATION BOYS. In 1962 (17 years old) he started a professional career as a member of THE TWANGIES and he played for several years in Western Germany. His last contract in Germany was with THE REBELS, in which he met drummer Leo Kappé. Back in Holland he played guitar in such guitar-groups as RENE & ALLIGATORS, THE SPECIALS, THE SPECIAL FIVE and THE BLACK ALBINO'S. With THE SPECIAL FIVE he recorded Silly Silly and it's his most remembered instrumental. At that time Leo also was the first guitarist in Holland, who could play all the Mosrite stuff from Nokie Edwards. In 1966 his career got a lift when he was a member of Dutch beat groups as THE JAY JAYS and THE MOTIONS. For THE JAY JAYS LP he also recorded Cruncher (from Ventures LP Surfing). With THE MOTIONS he toured all over Europe and even did concerts is the USA together with ERIC BURDON, FRANK ZAPPA, ALICE <b>...</b>
http://wn.com/Little_Richard_live_Part_1
Little Richard 2000 movie download
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:39
- Published: 27 Jun 2011
- Updated: 04 May 2012
please comment, if u are looking for any movies let me know and i will look out for ya,
http://wn.com/Little_Richard_2000_movie_download
2000 Tressa Thomas on the TV Drama "Little Richard"
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:41
- Published: 15 Feb 2012
- Updated: 24 May 2012
Tressa is singing as Ruth Brown on this drama produced by Robert Townsend.
http://wn.com/2000_Tressa_Thomas_on_the_TV_Drama_Little_Richard
Little Richard, Tutti Frutti
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:06
- Published: 16 Oct 2008
- Updated: 05 Jun 2012
Performance of "Tutti Frutti" in the 1956 Alan Freed film "Don't Knock the Rock."
http://wn.com/Little_Richard,_Tutti_Frutti
Rich Little Richard III Vs. Crack Whore Marine Corps Trailer
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:39
- Published: 12 Oct 2007
- Updated: 27 Aug 2011
Trailer for Bob Moricz Film Product 0301. 2000. Color. Digital/Hi-8 video. 20 minutes.
http://wn.com/Rich_Little_Richard_III_Vs_Crack_Whore_Marine_Corps_Trailer
Little Richard - Casper The Friendly Ghost (Casper movie)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:10
- Published: 07 Mar 2009
- Updated: 08 May 2012
From the movie Casper: The song of the last part
http://wn.com/Little_Richard__Casper_The_Friendly_Ghost_Casper_movie
Little Richard & Sam Macaroni - Billboard Music Awards
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:38
- Published: 25 Dec 2006
- Updated: 31 May 2012
SAM MACARONI ON Billboard music awards Geiko commercial spoof.
http://wn.com/Little_Richard_Sam_Macaroni__Billboard_Music_Awards
Im New In Town- The Little Richard Story
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:49
- Published: 02 Mar 2009
- Updated: 13 May 2012
this lady can blow
http://wn.com/Im_New_In_Town_The_Little_Richard_Story
I DON'T KNOW WHAT YOU GOT BUT IT'S GOT ME
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:04
- Published: 17 Feb 2008
- Updated: 10 May 2012
LITTLE RICHARD ON VEEJAY RECORDS-1965.
http://wn.com/I_DON'T_KNOW_WHAT_YOU_GOT_BUT_IT'S_GOT_ME
Elizabeth Beckwith on The Late, Late Show 6/26/2000
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:44
- Published: 25 Sep 2009
- Updated: 02 Sep 2011
Stand-up comic Elizabeth Beckwith's first of three appearances on the The Late, Late Show with Craig Kilborn. Originally aired June 26, 2000 on CBS. More information about Elizabeth is available at www.elizabethbeckwith.com.
http://wn.com/Elizabeth_Beckwith_on_The_Late,_Late_Show_6/26/2000
The Magic School Bus In Concert Intro
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:02
- Published: 13 Oct 2011
- Updated: 30 May 2012
This is the introduction for The Magic School Bus Game In Concert (with Little Richard singing the trademark theme song from the TV series of the same name.) It was a part of a small number of Magic School Bus games that were activity based and did not involve an adventure based setting. The game was released by Microsoft in the year 2000. The focus of this game in the series was music.
http://wn.com/The_Magic_School_Bus_In_Concert_Intro
Little Richard Presentation.
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:59
- Published: 01 May 2012
- Updated: 02 May 2012
I created a summary of Little Richard as a musician. I found the importance of his music and his influence on music from 1950-2000. His music's functionality and how he perceives various genres. Little Richard's real name is Richard Wayne Penniman. His mother and 11 siblings are unknown, and his father was shot during a recording in a studio. But Little Richard is 79 years old and tours even today.
http://wn.com/Little_Richard_Presentation
The Little Vampire - Behind the Scenes (2000)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:47
- Published: 30 Nov 2011
- Updated: 15 May 2012
i couldn't find this anywhere so i thought i would upload it. Here is the behind the scenes of The Little Vampire (2000)
http://wn.com/The_Little_Vampire__Behind_the_Scenes_2000
Gladiator (7/8) Movie CLIP - Busy Little Bees (2000) HD
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:25
- Published: 24 Oct 2011
- Updated: 05 Jun 2012
Gladiator Movie Clip - watch all clips j.mp click to subscribe j.mp Commodus (Joaquin Phoenix) warns Lucilla (Connie Nielsen) that he is aware of her spying and threatens to kill her son Lucius (Spencer Treat Clark). TM & © Dreamworks (2012) Cast: Spencer Treat Clark, Joaquin Phoenix, Connie Nielsen Director: Ridley Scott MOVIECLIPS YouTube Channel: j.mp Join our Facebook page: j.mp Follow us on Twitter: j.mp Buy Movie: amzn.to Producer: David Franzoni, Branko Lustig, Walter F. Parkes, Ridley Scott Screenwriter: David Franzoni, John Logan Film Description: A man robbed of his name and his dignity strives to win them back, and gain the freedom of his people, in this epic historical drama from director Ridley Scott. In the year 180, the death of emperor Marcus Aurelius (Richard Harris) throws the Roman Empire into chaos. Maximus (Russell Crowe) is one of the Roman army's most capable and trusted generals and a key advisor to the emperor. As Marcus' devious son Commodus (Joaquin Phoenix) ascends to the throne, Maximus is set to be executed. He escapes, but is captured by slave traders. Renamed Spaniard and forced to become a gladiator, Maximus must battle to the death with other men for the amusement of paying audiences. His battle skills serve him well, and he becomes one of the most famous and admired men to fight in the Colosseum. Determined to avenge himself against the man who took away his freedom and laid waste to his family, Maximus believes that he can use his fame <b>...</b>
http://wn.com/Gladiator_7/8_Movie_CLIP__Busy_Little_Bees_2000_HD
Lucy: Promo for the CBS TV Movie
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:31
- Published: 19 Aug 2007
- Updated: 10 May 2012
This is a promo I did for the CBS TV movie "Lucy." It features the song "Lucille" by Little Richard.
http://wn.com/Lucy_Promo_for_the_CBS_TV_Movie
Warren G - This DJ (instrumental).
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:27
- Published: 03 Jul 2011
- Updated: 27 May 2012
Warren G (born Warren Griffin III, November 10, 1971),[1] is an American West Coast rapper and hip hop producer. His biggest hit is the song "Regulate" with Nate Dogg released in 1994. Warren G is a former member of the Long Beach Rollin' 20's Neighborhood Crips (21st Street). Discography # Regulate...G Funk Era (1994) # Take a Look Over Your Shoulder (1997) # I Want It All (1999) # The Return of the Regulator (2001) # The Hard Way (2004) (with 213) # In the Mid-Nite Hour (2005) # The G Files (2009) # Regulate...G Funk Era Pt 2 (2011 Filmography * All of Us (2005) * Old School (2003) * Little Richard (2000) * Speedway Junky (1999)
http://wn.com/Warren_G__This_DJ_instrumental
2000 Apple Pie & the Peanuts - Tutti Frutti.avi
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:42
- Published: 12 May 2012
- Updated: 18 May 2012
www.dancetothesixties.nl Apple Pie & the Peanuts met Tutti Frutti van Little Richard. Op 1 van de rock 'n roll feesten die de rock 'n roll dansschool Dance to the 60's organiseerde. http Danslessen, Workshops en Dansshows Dutch rock 'n roll band in 2000 at a party from "Dance to the 60's" a dutch rock 'n roll danceschool. Band name "Apple Pie & the Peanuts" with the Little richard Song "Tutti Frutti" www.dancetothesixties.nl Danceacts & Workshops
http://wn.com/2000_Apple_Pie_the_Peanuts__Tutti_Fruttiavi
Little Richard Has Moves Like Jagger
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:26
- Published: 15 Oct 2011
- Updated: 24 May 2012
Little Richard Has Moves Like Jagger
http://wn.com/Little_Richard_Has_Moves_Like_Jagger
Earl Palmer Bio - the most recorded drummer in history, with Mitch Woods
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:31
- Published: 02 Sep 2010
- Updated: 15 May 2012
This video briefly reviews the career of Earl Palmer, the legendary New Orleans drummer who passed away last year. It is an excerpt from a DVD that I edited for Bay Area boogie-woogie pianist Mitch Woods, who hired New Orleans musicians from various Fats Domino bands to record with him in the Crescent City in 2000. He returned from New Orleans with 15 hours of video which we whittled down to a 2:15 DVD. From the CD/DVD "Big Easy Boogie" by Mitch Woods. Earl Palmer played on countless 50's rock' n roll hits for Little Richard, Ray Charles and Fats Domino - as well as many all-time classics like Sam Cook's "Shake" and "Twistin' the Night Away", the Righteous Brothers' "You Lost That Lovin' Feelin'", Richie Valen's "LaBamba", Eddie Cochran's "Summertime Blues" - as well as TV themes from "77 Sunset Strip" to "the Brady Bunch" - and film scores for Quincy Jones. Watch and listen, you won't believe this career. Editng and Audio Post by Jeff Roth
http://wn.com/Earl_Palmer_Bio__the_most_recorded_drummer_in_history,_with_Mitch_Woods
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This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (February 2010) |
| Jenifer Lewis | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Born | Jenifer Jeanette Lewis (1957-01-25) January 25, 1957 (age 55) Kinloch, Missouri, U.S. |
| Occupation | Actress, singer |
| Years active | 1979–present |
Jenifer Jeanette Lewis (born January 25, 1957) is an American film and television actress and singer.
Contents |
Early life[link]
Lewis was born in Kinloch, Missouri, to a nurse's aide mother and a factory worker father.[1] She attended Kinloch High School and then college at Webster University in Webster Groves, Missouri. Soon after she arrived in New York City, Lewis debuted on Broadway in a small role in Eubie (1979), the musical based on the work of Eubie Blake. She next landed the role of Effie White in the workshop of the Michael Bennett-directed musical Dreamgirls, but when the show moved to Broadway, Bennett chose Jennifer Holliday for the role.
Lewis accepted a position as a Harlette, a back-up singer for Bette Midler which led to Lewis' first TV appearances on Midler's HBO specials. She also landed her first screen role as a result, appearing as one of the buxom chorines in the 'Otto Titsling' production number in the Midler vehicle Beaches (1988). At the same time, Lewis was developing her nightclub act, The Diva Is Dismissed, an autobiographical comedy and music show in New York City cabarets. She performed the show off-Broadway at the Public Theater.
Career[link]
In 1987, Lewis was hired as the Pre-Show announcer on the Star Tours ride at Disneyland. In 1988, Lewis relocated to Los Angeles. In 1992, she was cast as one of the back-up singers to Whoopi Goldberg in Sister Act. Goldberg sponsored several performances of The Diva Is Dismissed as a possible HBO series. In 1992 to 1993, she played Dean Davenport in the sixth and final season of A Different World. She also had a recurring role as Will Smith's Aunt Helen on The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air, as well as stints on a few episodes of In Living Color, reprising several of her characters from her nightclub act. Also in 1993, she played the mother of Tupac Shakur's character in Poetic Justice.
Although she auditioned for role of Tina Turner in the biopic What's Love Got to Do with It she landed the role of Turner’s mother. In 1994, she followed with other supporting roles, including Mrs. Coleman the Unemployment Office lady in Renaissance Man and as Whoopi Goldberg's sister in Corrina, Corrina. In 1995, she was cast in maternal roles to Kadeem Hardison in Panther and to Larenz Tate in Dead Presidents before she accepted the role of a lesbian judge on the short-lived CBS series Courthouse. Lewis returned to the big screen as Theresa Randle's telephone sex line boss in Spike Lee's Girl 6. She then played Whitney Houston's character's mother in Penny Marshall's The Preacher's Wife.[2]
In 1999, she starred in the made-for-TV film Jackie's Back, a mockumentary about the struggling comeback of a diva in turmoil. She recently appeared in The Cookout, Nora's Hair Salon, Shark Tale and Cars. She was in a few episodes of Friends as Monica Gellar's co-worker. Since 2000, she has played Lana Hawkins on the Lifetime television medical drama Strong Medicine, the show ended February 2006. She also had a recurring role as Veretta Childs (Toni's mother) in the sitcom Girlfriends. In 2006, she had a featured role as the wedding planner in Tyler Perry's Madea's Family Reunion, and also appeared in the film Meet the Browns.
In one episode of That's So Raven she played the titular character's maternal grandmother, who has psychic powers. She recently starred as a judge in Boston Legal and appeared in the 2008 film Meet the Browns. On April 22, 2008, Lewis replaced Darlene Love as Motormouth Maybelle in Broadway's Hairspray, a role that was originally written for her.[citation needed]
In June 2010, Lewis' distinctive voice was in fine form as she told The Jazz Joy and Roy syndicated radio show, "I just did a production of 'Hello Dolly' at the 5th Avenue Theatre in Seattle and it had to be one of the greatest productions that I have ever done, because I got to just do a character, Dolly Levi, and it was just great."[cite this quote]
Singing[link]
Lewis has performed for many years on Broadway and has lent her vocals to many of the television and film projects that she has been a part of including the theme song for her most recognizable role, Strong Medicine.[3]
Lewis' most recent singing role came with her role in the movie musical The Princess and the Frog.
Filmography[link]
| Year | Title | Role |
|---|---|---|
| 1988 | Beaches | Diva |
| 1992 | Sister Act | Michelle |
| Frozen Assets | Jomisha | |
| 1993 | Poetic Justice | Anne |
| Meteor Man | Mrs. Williams | |
| What's Love Got to Do With It | Zelma Bullock | |
| Undercover Blues | Cab Driver | |
| Sister Act 2: Back in the Habit | Michelle | |
| 1994 | Renaissance Man | Mrs Coleman |
| Corrina, Corrina | Jevina | |
| 1995 | Panther | Rita |
| Dead Presidents | Mrs. Curtis | |
| 1996 | The Preacher's Wife | Marguerite Coleman |
| Girl 6 | Boss No 1—Lil | |
| 1998 | The Temptations | Mama Rose Franklin |
| The Mighty | Mrs Addison | |
| 1999 | Mystery Men | Lucille |
| Get Bruce | Herself | |
| Blast From the Past | Dr Aron | |
| Jackie's Back | Jackie Washington | |
| 2000 | Panther | |
| Cast Away | Becca Twig | |
| 2001 | The Brothers | Louise Smith |
| Dancing in September | Judge Warner | |
| 2002 | Little Richard | Muh Penniman |
| Juwanna Mann | Aunt Ruby | |
| 2004 | The Cookout | Lady Em |
| Shark Tale | Motown Turtle (voice) | |
| Nora's Hair Salon | Nora | |
| 2006 | Dirty Laundry | Aunt Lettuce |
| Cars | Flo (voice) | |
| Madea's Family Reunion | Milay Jenay Lori | |
| 2007 | Who's Your Caddy? | Mrs. Hawkins |
| 2008 | Tyler Perry's Meet the Browns | Vera Brown |
| 2009 | The Princess and the Frog | Mama Odie (voice) |
| Not Easily Broken | Mary 'Mama' Clark | |
| 2010 | Hereafter | Candace |
| 2011 | Cars 2 | Flo (voice) |
| 2012 | Think Like A Man | Loretta |
Television work[link]
- Murphy Brown (1990–1991)
- A Different World (1990–1993)
- Stat (1991)
- The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air (1991–1996)
- Dream On (1992)
- Roc (1993)
- Moon Over Miami (1993)
- Hangin' With Mr. Cooper (1993–1994)
- Friends (1994)
- Lois & Clark: The New Adventures of Superman (1994)
- New York Undercover (1995)
- Courthouse (1995)
- Cosby (1996)
- Touched by an Angel (1997)
- Promised Land (1997)
- Happily Ever After: Fairy Tales for Every Child (1997–1999)
- For Your Love (1998–2000)
- Moesha (1999)
- Grown Ups (1999)
- The PJs (1999–2008)
- The Jamie Foxx Show (1999)
- Bette (unknown year)
- Family Affair (2002)
- Strong Medicine (2000–2006)
- Girlfriends (2002–2006)
- The Proud Family (2003)
- That's So Raven (2004)
- Day Break (2007)
- Shark (2007)
- Meet the Browns (2009–2010) – 4 episodes
- The Cleveland Show (2011) – 1 episode
- State of Georgia (2011) - 1 episode
- The Playboy Club (2011) - 7 episodes (series regular)
References[link]
- ^ Weinraub, Bernard (1993-07-01). "JENIFER LEWIS: FROM `DIVA' TO `STAR'". Chicago Tribune (New York Times News Service). http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/chicagotribune/access/24304554.html?dids=24304554:24304554&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&type=current&date=Jul+01%2C+1993&author=Bernard+Weinraub%2C+New+York+Times+News+Service.&pub=Chicago+Tribune+(pre-1997+Fulltext)&desc=JENIFER+LEWIS%3A+FROM+%60DIVA'+TO+%60STAR'&pqatl=google. Retrieved 2011-01-03.
- ^ Lane, Clay (January 7, 2009). "Jenifer Lewis: That's my mama!". BET.com. http://www.bet.com/entertainment/News/jeniferlewisthatsmymama.htm. Retrieved 20 February 2010.
- ^ http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0507338/#musicX20department
External links[link]
- Jenifer Lewis at the Internet Movie Database
- Jenifer Lewis at the Internet Broadway Database
- Jenifer Lewis at the Internet Off-Broadway Database
- Jenifer Lewis at AllRovi
- May 05 A&U interview: Jenifer discusses AIDS Affecting Her and her psychotherapy since being diagnosed as bipolar in 1997
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Lewis, Jenifer |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | Actress, singer |
| Date of birth | 1957-01-25 |
| Place of birth | Kinloch, Missouri, U.S. |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Jenifer_Lewis
| Little Richard | |
|---|---|
 Little Richard performing, in Austin, Texas, in March 2007 |
|
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Richard Wayne Penniman |
| Also known as | Little Richard, The Real King of Rock ‘n’ Roll, The King of Rockin ‘n’ Rollin' Rhythm & Blues Soulin’.[1] |
| Born | (1932-12-05) December 5, 1932 (age 79) |
| Origin | Macon, Georgia, U.S. |
| Genres | Rock and roll, rhythm and blues, soul, funk, gospel |
| Occupations | Musician, songwriter, recording artist, actor |
| Instruments | Vocals, piano, keyboards. saxophone |
| Years active | 1945[2]–present |
| Labels | RCA Camden, Peacock, Specialty, Gone, Atlantic, Bell, Brunswick, Coral, Critique, Elektra, End, Guest Star, Kent, Lost-Nite, Mainstream, Manticore, MCA, Mercury, Modern, Vee Jay, Okeh, Reprise, K-Tel, Black Label, Warner Bros., WTG |
Richard Wayne Penniman (born December 5, 1932), known by the stage name Little Richard, is an American singer, songwriter, musician, recording artist, and actor, considered key in the transition from rhythm and blues to rock and roll in the mid-1950s. He was also the first artist to put the funk in the rock and roll beat[3][4] and contributed significantly to the early development of soul music.[5][6] The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame website entry on Penniman states that:
He claims to be "the architect of rock and roll", and history would seem to bear out Little Richard’s boast. More than any other performer – save, perhaps, Elvis Presley, Little Richard blew the lid off the Fifties, laying the foundation for rock and roll with his explosive music and charismatic persona. On record, he made spine-tingling rock and roll. His frantically charged piano playing and raspy, shouted vocals on such classics as "Tutti Frutti", "Long Tall Sally" and "Good Golly, Miss Molly" defined the dynamic sound of rock and roll.[7]
Penniman began performing on stage and on the road in 1945, when he was in his early teens.[2] He began his recording career on October 16, 1951[8] by imitating the gospel-influenced style of late-1940s jump blues artist Billy Wright,[9] who was a friend and also helped arrange his first sessions. He recorded for RCA Records from 1951-52 and for Peacock Records beginning in 1953. Dissatissfied with his lack of commercial success during this time, Penniman formed a new "hard-driving" R&B road band in 1953. By early 1955, a demo tape of his music caught the attention of Specialty Records president Art Rupe, who bought out his contract from Peacock and arranged for him to record for Specialty in September 1955. Under the guidance of Robert "Bumps" Blackwell, Penniman began recording in a style he had been performing onstage for years,[10] featuring varied rhythm (derived from everything from drum beats he would hear in his voice to the sounds of trains he would hear thundering by him as a child), a heavy backbeat, funky saxophone grooves, over-the-top gospel-style singing, moans, screams, and other emotive inflections, accompanied by a combination of boogie-woogie and rhythm and blues music.[2] This new music,[11][12] which included an original injection of funk into the rock and roll beat,[4][7] inspired many of the greatest recording artists of the twentieth century and beyond, including James Brown,[13] Elvis Presley,[14] Otis Redding,[5] Bob Dylan,[15] Jimi Hendrix,[5][16] The Beatles,[17][18] Rolling Stones,[19][20] Led Zeppelin,[21] Michael Jackson,[22] and generations of other rhythm & blues, rock, soul, as well as funk and rap artists.[23][24][25][26]
On October 12, 1957, while at the height of stardom, Penniman abruptly quit rock and roll music and became a born-again Christian.[27] He had charted seventeen original hits in less than three years.[28] In January 1958, he enrolled in and attended Bible college[29] to become a preacher and evangelist and began recording and performing only gospel music for a number of years. He then moved back and forth from rock and roll to the ministry, until he was able to reconcile the two roles in later life.[30]
Penniman was among the first group of inductees into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1986 and one of only four of those artists (along with Ray Charles, James Brown, and Fats Domino) to also receive the Rhythm and Blues Foundation's Pioneer Lifetime Achievement Award. In 2003, Penniman was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame.[31] In 2007, his 1955 original hit "Tutti Frutti" was voted Number 1 by an eclectic panel of renowned recording artists on Mojo's The Top 100 Records That Changed The World, hailing the recording as "the sound of the birth of rock and roll."[32][33] In 2010, The United States of America's Library of Congress National Recording Registry added the groundbreaking recording to its registry, claiming that the hit, with its original “A-wop-bop-a-loo-mop-a-lop-bam-boom!” a cappella introduction, heralded a new era in music.[34]
Biography[link]
Early life and early career: 1932–1951[link]
Richard Wayne Penniman was born in Macon, Georgia, the third of 12 children born to Charlie "Bud" Penniman, Sr. (10 April 1910 – 12 January 1952[35]), a bootlegger[36] and his wife Leva Mae (née Stewart). He grew up in a religious family in which singing was an integral part of their lives; they performed in local churches as The Penniman Singers, and entered contests with other singing families. His family called him "War Hawk" because of his loud, screaming singing voice. His grandfather, Walter Penniman, was a preacher, and his father's family were members of the Foundation Templar African Methodist Episcopal (AME) Church in Macon. His maternal grandmother was a member of Macon's Holiness Temple Baptist Church. Penniman attended the New Hope Baptist Church in Macon, where his mother was a member. Penniman's favorites were the Pentecostal churches because of the music and the fun he would have doing the holy dance and speaking in tongues with members of the congregation. When he was 10, he became a faith healer, singing gospel songs and touching people, who would testify that they felt better afterwards. Inspired by Brother Joe May, a singing evangelist known as "The Thunderbolt of the West", Penniman wanted to become a preacher.[37]
Almost all of Penniman's dramatic phrasing and swift vocal turns are derived from black gospel artists of the 1930s and '40s. He said gospel star Sister Rosetta Tharpe was his favorite singer when he was a child. She had invited him to sing a song with her onstage at the Macon City Auditorium in 1945, after hearing him sing "Two Fishes and Five Loaves" before the concert.[38] The crowd cheered, and she paid him more money than he had ever seen after the show.[39] It was there that he decided that he wanted to do with his life.[40] He was also influenced by Marion Williams, from whom he got the trademark "whoooo" in his vocal, Mahalia Jackson and Brother Joe May.[41] He was influenced in appearance (hair, clothing, shoes, makeup, etc.) and sound by late 1940s gospel-style, jump blues shouter Billy Wright, a friend of his who was known as the "Prince of the Blues".[42] Wright set Penniman up with DJ Zenas Sears, who scored the newcomer his first recording contract in 1951.[43] One of Penniman's main influences in piano-playing was Esquerita (Eskew Reeder, Jr.), who showed him how to play high notes without compromising bass. Penniman met Esquerita when he traveled through Macon with a preacher named Sister Rosa.
Penniman lived in a black neighborhood; he had some contact with whites but, due to racial segregation, he could not cross the line where the whites lived.[44] While in high school, Penniman played alto saxophone in the marching band. He began losing interest in school and began performing in a variety of travelling shows in his mid-teens.[35]
Early recordings: 1951–1955[link]
In October 1951, Penniman began recording jump blues records for RCA Camden. His father was shot to death while he was recording in a studio on January 12, 1952.[35] In October 1953, he began recording with Peacock Records.[45] Records were released each year during 1951–54, but none were significant hits.
Following two recording sessions with Peacock in 1953,[46] Penniman, dissatisfied with his solo career, began to form a new R&B road band that he called "The Upsetters." The band began with New Orleans drummer Charles "Chuck" Connors and two saxophonists, including Wilbert "Lee Diamond" Smith.[47] By 1955, the band was joined by saxophonists Clifford "Gene" Burks and Grady Gaines, who became its leader,[48] along with Olsie "Baysee" Robinson on bass, and Nathaniel "Buster" Douglas on guitar.[49]
At Lloyd Price's suggestion, Penniman recorded a demo for gospel/R&B label Specialty Records on February 9, 1955.[50] Specialty's owner, Art Rupe, loaned him money to buy out his contract from Peacock Records and placed his career in the hands of Specialty's A&R man Robert "Bumps" Blackwell.[51]
Rupe and Blackwell originally pictured Penniman as a commercial rival to Ray Charles, who was experiencing success with Atlantic Records by taking gospel songs and developing them in a bluesy setting with a beat.[52] Penniman told Rupe he liked Fats Domino's sound, so Rupe and Blackwell booked Cosimo Matassa's J & M Recording Studio in New Orleans,[53] and hired studio musicians who had worked with Domino (including Earl Palmer on drums and Lee Allen on sax) rather than members of Penniman's road band on many[46][54] of the mid-1950s Specialty tracks.[55]
Following some recordings that did not satisfy Blackwell, they took a break. Penniman began pounding out a boogie woogie rhythm on piano and hollering out impromptu recital of "Tutti Frutti", a song he had written freestyle (the way rappers began to do decades later) while performing in the boogie-woogie blues clubs.[56] Blackwell was so impressed with the sound that he had Penniman record the song. However, in order to make it commercially acceptable, Penniman's lyrics were rewritten. Blackwell recognized that the lyrics, with their “minstrel modes and homosexuality humor” needed to be cleaned up.[57] For example “Tutti Frutti, good booty",[58] were replaced with “Tutti Frutti, aw-rooty”. The song featured the a cappella intro "A-wop-bop-a-loo-mop-a-lop-bam-boom!", which Penniman first belted out years before onstage based on a drum beat he heard in his voice, that had also been altered slightly to make it commercially acceptable.[59] The recording was released on Specialty in October 1955.[2][60]
Initial success: 1955–1957[link]
"Tutti Frutti" reached #2 on Billboard's R&B chart. Seventeen more hit singles followed in less than three years, three of which reached number 1.[28] While most of these hits were characterized by a driving piano, boogie-woogie bass line, a variety of rhythmic drumbeats, and wild screams before Lee Allen's sax solos, such as "Rip It Up", "Lucille", "Jenny, Jenny", "Good Golly, Miss Molly" and "Keep A-Knockin'", a few of them were slower in tempo and more soulful, such as "True Fine Mama".[28] During this period, Penniman's "electrifying movie-star looks"[61] were featured as he performed his hit songs in three films, including The Girl Can't Help It (1956), in which he sang the hit title track, Don't Knock the Rock (1956), and Mister Rock and Roll (1957).
"Tutti Frutti" was quickly covered by both Elvis Presley and Pat Boone.[62] While Presley's version of this and three other Penniman singles[63][64] only appeared as album tracks, Boone's covers were released as singles and his "Tutti Frutti" single outsold the source record[65] and "outdid Richard's on the hit parade".[66] Boone also released a version of "Long Tall Sally"[65] with slightly bowdlerized lyrics, but this time, the original version outperformed the cover on the Billboard pop chart.[66] Presley and Bill Haley tackled Penniman's fourth R&B chart topper, "Rip It Up", but his single was the hit.[citation needed]
Penniman, along with his road band, performed his hits in sports stadiums and concert venues across the United States through 1956 and 1957.[67] He brought the races together at his concerts, at a time in the United States when laws still dictated that public facilities (including concert venues) be divided into separate "white" and "colored" domains. His audiences would start out segregated in the building, usually with one race on the floor and the other on the balcony, but most of the time, by the end of the night they were mixed together.[68] Racists in the south, such as the North Alabama White Citizens Council, responded by putting out statements on television, warning the public that "Rock n Roll is part of a test to undermine the morals of the youth of our nation. It is sexualistic, unmoralistic and ... brings people of both races together."[69] The demand for him was so great, however, that even in the south where segregation was most rampant, the taboos against black artists appearing in white venues were being shattered.[70]
Penniman was an innovative and charismatic performer, appearing in sequined capes under flicker lights that he brought from show business into the music world. He would run off and on the stage, jumping, yelling, and whipping the audience into a frenzy.[71] At a concert in Baltimore, Maryland, US concert history was made[72] when excited people had to be restrained from jumping off the balconies, and the police had to stop the show twice to remove dozens of girls that had climbed onstage to try to rip souvenirs from Penniman. Later in the show, girls began to throw their undergarments onto the stage.[72]
While on the road in the mid-50s, Penniman would have notorious parties,[73] replete with orgies, in hotel rooms wherever they appeared. In late 1956, he met a voluptuous high school graduate in Savannah, Georgia, by the name of Lee Angel (née Audrey Robinson). She became his girlfriend and started traveling on the road with him. Penniman would invite attractive men to his parties and would enjoy watching them having sex with his girlfriend.[74]
Conversion to Christianity: 1957–1962[link]
In early October 1957, on the fifth date of a two-week tour of Australia, Penniman was flying from Melbourne to appear in front of 40,000 fans in concert in Sydney. Shocked by the red hot appearance of the engines against the night sky, he envisioned angels holding up the plane. Then, while he performed at the stadium, he was shaken by the sight of a ball of fire that he watched streak across the sky overhead. He took what was actually the launching of Sputnik 1, which he later learned was the first human-made object to orbit the earth, as another sign to quit show business and follow God. The following day he departed Sydney on a ferry and threw his $8,000 ring in the water to show his band members that he was serious about quitting. The plane that he was originally scheduled to fly back home on ended up crashing in the Pacific Ocean, which he took as confirmation that he was doing what God wanted him to do.[75]
The news of his quitting at the height of his career had broken all over the world by the time he returned to the United States.[76] He attended one more recording session for Specialty on October 18, 1957,[77] and, at the request of DJ Alan Freed, performed a farewell concert at the Apollo Theatre in New York. He then had his roadies drive his Cadillacs across the United States to a property he bought for his mother in California and gave her the keys.[78] He formed the Little Richard Evangelistic Team, travelling across the country preaching, and helped people locally through a ministry on skid row in Los Angeles.[79]
In November 1957, he met Ernestine Campbell at an evangelistic meeting in Washington, D.C..[80] They were married on July 11, 1959.[81]
In 1958,[82] he enrolled in the Seventh-day Adventist[7][29] Oakwood College (now Oakwood University), in Huntsville, Alabama, where he planned to take a three-year course which was to culminate in ordination.[80][clarification needed] He eventually went on to earn a BA in Theological Studies from the college in 1970, becoming an ordained minister.[83][84][85]
From October 1957 to 1962, Penniman recorded gospel music for End, Mercury, and Atlantic.[86] Following release of his gospel album for Mercury titled The King of the Gospel Singers, Little Richard met Mahalia Jackson, one of his childhood heroes. She was appearing in Los Angeles and he stopped her on the street to invite her to hear him sing at the Mount Moriah Baptist Church. She attended and indicated that she was delighted with his singing, stating that "he was singing gospel songs the way they should be sung" and "he had that primitive beat and sound that came so naturally."[87] Three of his gospel songs recorded during this period hit the pop charts - "He's Not Just a Soldier" (1961) and "He Got What He Wanted" (1962) (UK) for Mercury and "Crying In The Chapel" (1963) for Atlantic.[88]
Return to secular music and personal decline: 1962–1976[link]
Penniman continued in the ministry but was experiencing marital problems and some difficulty living his ideal of a disciplined Christian life.[89] Although rock and roll sales were in a slump in America in 1962, Penniman's records were still selling well in England. From April to May of that year, The Beatles, then still an obscure English band, co-resided with Penniman at the Star Club in Hamburg, Germany, during which time he advised them on the proper technique for performing his songs.[90] Included in this instruction was teaching Paul McCartney his "woo holler."[91] British promoter Don Arden then booked Penniman for an October 1962 tour of Great Britain, with the Beatles as an opening act.[92] Penniman thought he was going to perform gospel music, but Arden had promoted the concert as a rock and roll show. On the first night of the tour he began performing gospel music, but gave in to the pressure and began performing his secular hits. He walked off to a wildly excited, standing ovation. The frenzied crowd reaction was to be repeated wherever he appeared.[93]
Penniman returned to Specialty Records in March 1964, following a Don Arden headlining deal, to record one secular track. At this time he decided not to disclose his reactivated Rock and Roll activity to the church community because he was convinced that rock and roll was evil and still wanted to keep his options open in the ministry.[94]
He had successfully toured England and Wales in October and November 1963,[67] with Bo Diddley, The Everly Brothers and the then little-known Rolling Stones.[95][96] Mick Jagger would later state, "I heard so much about the audience reaction, I thought there must be some exaggeration. But it was all true. He drove the whole house into a complete frenzy... I couldn't believe the power of Little Richard onstage. He was amazing."[97] Near the end of the tour, Penniman recorded a television show, The Little Richard Spectacular, with Sounds Incorporated as the backing band and The Shirelles performing backing vocals, for Britain's largest independent television company at the time, Granada. After the show was first aired in May 1964, Granada received over 60,000 letters from fans, which prompted the company to two repeat broadcasts of the show. Much of the footage was used for a TV special, highlighting the frenzy and excitement associated with rock and roll, that was seen all over the world.[98]
Penniman recorded four more secular tracks for Specialty in April 1964.[99] One of these recordings, "Bama Lama, Bama Loo" was released as a single and was a minor hit on the Billboard charts[citation needed] but a Top Twenty in the UK.
In the Spring of 1964, Penniman and Robert Blackwell brought a fledgling Jimi Hendrix (who up until then was a "fill-in" Upsetter and wanted to be known as 'Maurice James') into his band, full-time.[7][100] Hendrix began dressing and growing a mustache like Penniman's.[101][102] He toured with Penniman and played on at least a dozen tracks for Vee Jay Records between the spring of 1964 and spring of 1965.[103] Of these, "I Don't Know What You Got But It's Got Me" and covers of "Whole Lotta Shakin' Going On" and "Goodnight, Irene" hit the pop and/or R&B charts with moderate success.[104]
Penniman continued to record and perform only secular music in the mid-60s, during which time he began drinking heavily.[105] He has stated that he could have had more commercial success during this period, but southern preachers displeased with his backslide from the ministry pressured R&B radio stations throughout the southern U.S. not to play his music, while on the West Coast, particularly in Los Angeles following the Watts Riots, some black DJs were not playing his music because he was drawing both races to his concerts.[106]
In 1966 and 1967, Penniman recorded two soul albums for Okeh Records, with his old friend from the mid-'50s, Larry Williams, as producer, and Johnny Guitar Watson on guitar.[107] The first album included two modest hits, "Poor Dog" and "Commandments Of Love"[108] In August 1967, the second album, which was an "Okeh Club" concert performance, returned Penniman to Billboard's Top 200 Albums chart for the first time in 10 years,[3] and reached the Billboard Black Albums Top 30. Williams also acted as the musical director for Penniman's live performances used for the album, and Penniman's bookings during this period skyrocketed.[108]
With the emergence of the Black Power movement in the latter part of the decade, Penniman was invited to perform for strictly black crowds. He refused because he did not want to exclude any races from attending his shows.[109] He remained a popular concert attraction, travelling extensively in the United States and Europe, as well as in Mexico and Canada, throughout the remainder of the decade.[67]
In 1969, he was invited to perform at the Toronto Rock and Roll Revival. The event was filmed by director D.A. Pennebaker and also featured Chuck Berry, Bo Diddley, Jerry Lee Lewis and Gene Vincent.[110][111]
Penniman continued to tour, appear in an occasional film, and record secular music into the 1970s. The Rock and Roll Revival period of the late sixties resulted in another comeback opportunity for Penniman in the early seventies. However, instead of recording only the expected high-energy rock & roll, he recorded a series of eclectic, wide-ranging albums that touched on country, acoustic blues, hard-driving funk, soul, gospel, melodic pop, as well as rock & roll. The range and accomplishment of the music, which included stunning covers of recordings by artists that he inspired as well as powerful, memorable new songs written by Penniman himself, was staggering.[112] These albums resulted in two Top 100 hits ("Freedom Blues" making Top 50 Pop and 30 Soul charts) and a Top 200 album for Reprise Records between 1970 and 1972. In '72 he had a short stay on the charts as guest on Canned Heat's "Rockin' With The King". The following year, Richard did fairly well with the soul ballad, "In The Middle Of The Night", profits to go to charity, and a single charted briefly for Manticore in 1975.[113] That same year, he played piano on the Top 40 single "Take It Like a Man" from the Bachman–Turner Overdrive hit album Head On and recorded a gospel song entitled, "Try To Help Your Brother". In 1976, he re-recorded twenty of his biggest Specialty hits in Nashville for a K-Tel Records album.[114]
Penniman also continued his wild partying through the first half of the seventies[115] and, reportedly, by late 1971, developed a dependency on a variety of drugs and alcohol.[116] He and his brothers started their own management company, Bud Hole Incorporated.[117]
Return to Christianity: 1977–1984[link]
In 1977, Penniman reached a crossroad in his life. Two close friends, a brother and a nephew that he loved as a son, died, and he came close to being shot by his long-time friend, Larry Williams, over a drug debt. Even though he and Williams were very close friends, cocaine addiction fueled a rage in Williams when Penniman failed to repay him because he was high. In what he referred to as the most fearful moment of his life, Penniman happened to have the money and Williams spared him.[118]
Penniman repented for his wayward living and returned to evangelism.[3] He also represented Memorial Bibles International and sold their Black Heritage Bible, which highlighted the many black people in the Bible.[3] In 1979, he recorded a gospel album entitled God's Beautiful City,[3] and embarked upon an evangelical campaign across the U.S.[119] During this period, he proclaimed that it was not possible to perform rock and roll music and serve God at the same time.[120] That same year, a small budget label, Koala, issued "Goin' All The Way With Rock and Roll", spotty, technically challenged live session from earlier in the decade, to add to the confusion for newer fans, not familiar with Richard's Gospel proclivities.
Penniman evangelized to crowds of as few as 250 in small churches to packed auditoriums of 21,000 through the remainder of the 1970s and the first half of the 1980s. His preaching focused on bringing the races together and lost souls to repentance through God's love, as well as the rejection of his former lifestyle of alcoholism, drug addiction and bisexuality.[121][122]
Show business comeback and recognition: 1984–2000[link]
In 1984, Charles White's authorized biography of Penniman (The Life and Times of Little Richard) was published, featuring extensive first-person input from its subject, testimonials of Penniman's influence on many legendary recording artists, and attracting attention for its "juicy anecdotes".[123] The publication catapulted Penniman into the limelight again with a number of the world's largest newspapers and magazines featuring major reviews.
Shortly before the publication of the biography, Penniman's mother died. Not long before she died he promised her that he would remain a Christian. He thereafter reconciled his role as an evangelist and as a rock and roll artist, stating that he believed that rock and roll music could be used for good or evil.[30]
In an effort to merge his faith with his music, Penniman enlisted his old friend Billy Preston to help write a song with religious lyrics that sounded like rock and roll. The result, "Great Gosh A'Mighty (It's a Matter of Time)," was produced by Dan Hartman for the soundtrack of a new motion picture entitled Down and Out in Beverly Hills. The hit theme song appeared in a different version on an album of faith-based material entitled Lifetime Friend, recorded (primarily in England) from late 1985 into early 1986. Penniman referred to his new style of music as "message music" and "messages in rhythm"[124][125], which included a track that was an innovative blend of rap and funky rock music. Penniman also acted in the hit motion picture and received critical acclaim for his performance.[30]
Near the end of the recording process for Lifetime Friend, Penniman flew back to the United States to appear in an episode of the television show Miami Vice. Following the filming he broke his leg in an automobile accident[126], which prevented him from attending the first Rock and Roll Hall of Fame induction ceremony on January 23, 1986, at which he was honored as one of the first inductees.[3]
In 1987, Penniman recorded a track for the 1988 tribute album Folkways: A Vision Shared ("The Rock Island Line," backed by Fishbone).[127] He also recorded the theme song for the Twins motion picture soundtrack with Philip Bailey and appeared in a promotional music video of the recording for the movie with Bailey, Arnold Schwarzenegger and Danny DeVito.
The pressure to return to singing his classic secular hits seemed to mount as the spotlight on Penniman continued. On November 11, 1988,[128] Penniman was filmed as he appeared at "The Legends of Rock and Roll Concert" in Rome, Italy, along with Jerry Lee Lewis, Bo Diddley, Fats Domino, B.B. King, Ray Charles, and James Brown.[129][130] Penniman sang three songs; two faith-based ("Great Gosh a'Mighty" and "Joy, Joy, Joy") and the third family-themed ("No Place Like Home"). While others sang the lyrics of one of his secular hits ("Tutti Frutti"), introduced by Jerry Lee Lewis during the all-star jam session finale involving all of the artists, Penniman refused to sing the lyric, instead passing the microphone to Bo Diddley, who seemed to support him by changing the song. However, at an AIDS benefit concert hosted by Cher in March 1989, Penniman performed his classic, "Lucille" for the first time in 13 years. This event marked Penniman's second return to performing his classic brand of rock 'n' roll, though not to the hedonistic lifestyle he had ventured into after his first return to secular music in the sixties.
Penniman would go on to continue to perform some of his faith-based brand of rock 'n' roll music at his concerts, as well. In April 1989, he preached, rapped in funky rhyme style, and sang background vocals on the live, extended version of the 1989 U2/B.B. King hit "When Love Comes to Town".[131] He also recorded on a gospel music track with John P. Kee.
Penniman remained active throughout the 1990s on television, in music videos, commercials, movies, in concert and as a guest recording artist.[132] In 1990, he recorded a rap segment for Living Colour's "Elvis Is Dead" (featuring Maceo Parker on saxophone) and then performed it with the band live on television.[133][134][135] He appeared in "Mother Goose Rock N Rhyme" (as Ol' King Cole) in 1990. He appeared (as a preacher) in music videos for Cinderella's "Shelter Me" and in a new recording of "Good Golly Miss Molly" for the motion picture King Ralph (1991).[132][136] He recorded an album of classic children's songs in his original rocking style for Disney, as well as the opening theme song for the science mystery cartoon The Magic School Bus. He has also voiced an animated version of himself in an episode of Bill and Ted's Excellent Adventures. He recorded duets with Jon Bon Jovi, Hank Williams, Jr., Elton John, Tanya Tucker and Solomon Burke on his Definition of Soul album. He also recorded new tracks for two motion picture soundtracks: Casper (1995) and Why Do Fools Fall in Love (1998).
Penniman appeared (as himself) in Why Do Fools Fall in Love, as well as in the 1999 film Mystery, Alaska, in which he sang "The Star-Spangled Banner" and "O Canada". He also guest starred as himself in television shows including Columbo (in an episode entitled "The Murder of a Rock Star"),[137] Full House (in the episode entitled "Too Little Richard Too Late"), Muppets Tonight (in an episode full of cameo appearances), Martin (in the episode entitled "Three Men and a Mouse")[132] and The Fresh Prince of Bel Air.[132] On June 2, 1995, he appeared on the ABC daytime soap opera One Life to Live.[138] He portrayed a fictionalized version of himself, officiating the wedding of supercouple Bo Buchanan and Nora Gannon,[139] who were huge fans of 1950s rock and roll music.
Current work: 2000–present[link]
In 2000, Robert Townsend directed a television biopic entitled Little Richard about the artist's life from childhood to his early 30s (circa 1962). Leon Robinson received an Emmy Award nomination for his performance in the starring role.[140]
Penniman has continued to record, tour, and appear on television throughout the decade.[67][132] He wrote and recorded a song for the 2001 film The Trumpet of the Swan. In 2002, he recorded a rocking version of Johnny Cash's "Get Rhythm" for Kindred Spirits: A Tribute to Johnny Cash. In 2005, he and Jerry Lee Lewis recorded a duet of the Beatles' hit "I Saw Her Standing There" for Lewis' 2006 album Last Man Standing. In 2006, he was featured in a hit Geico television advertisement.[141] Later that year, he was retained by Simon Cowell to be a judge in the Fox television series Celebrity Duets.[142] On March 24, 2007, Penniman performed and lectured students at the University of Texas event "40 Acres Fest", featuring 1,200 bands.[143][144][145] He also performed that year at the Capitol Fourth, a July 4 celebration in front of the White House. On July 25, 2007, he made an appearance on the ABC show The Next Best Thing.[146] On November 22, 2007, he headlined the half-time show for a Thanksgiving football game at Sun Devil Stadium in Tempe, Arizona.[147] In 2007, to help raise funds to benefit sick and dying children, as well as to debunk the notion that Don Imus was a racist, he recorded a guest track for The Imus Ranch Record (2008).[148] In June 2008, Penniman also made a cameo appearance on The Young and the Restless as an ordained piano-playing minister.[149]
Reverend Richard Penniman, who had performed wedding ceremonies for celebrities including Cyndi Lauper, Bruce Willis and Demi Moore, Tom Petty, Bruce Springsteen, Steve van Zandt and Michael Jackson's former lawyer John Branca (for whom Jackson was best man),[150] spoke a message with a heavy spiritual emphasis at his old friend Wilson Pickett's January 2006 funeral,[151] officiated at a wedding of 20 couples in December 2006,[152] and preached at Ike Turner's December 2007 funeral.[153][unreliable source?] On May 30, 2009, following a performance in honor of Fats Domino to raise funds to help rebuild children's playgrounds devastated by Hurricane Katrina, Penniman led Domino and others present in prayer.[154][155] On June 12, 2009, prior to performing for the grand finale of 29th annual Riverbend Music Festival in Chattanooga, Tennessee[156] he said, "although I sing rock 'n' roll, God still loves me. I'm a rock 'n' roll singer, but I'm still a Christian."[157] In late November 2009, Penniman asked for fans to pray for his quick and full recovery from a recent surgery on a hip, which had been causing him pain in his left leg for some time.[158]
Little Richard continued to recover from the operation on his left hip in the first part of 2010. On June 5–6, 2010, he spent time at The Rock House in Franklin, Tennessee to record a new track — a cover of Dottie Rambo's "He Ain't Never Done Me Nothing But Good", as part of a star-studded tribute to the late gospel songwriting legend which was slated for release in 2011.
In January 2011, Penniman appeared for an interview on the set of Charles Wright's "Express Yourself Show." Interviewed by Mr. Duran, Penniman preached a brief message to his Latino fans, spoke of his ongoing recovery from the operation on his hip, and introduced his rap recording artist nephew, RR112, who performed a partial rhyme at the end of the interview.[159] Penniman performed at "A Capital Fourth" celebration in Washington, D.C. on July 4, 2011. His performance included several of his most well known hits, including Long Tall Sally and Good Golly Miss Molly.[160] Penniman agreed to replace an ill Jerry Lee Lewis at the Beale Street Music Festival in Memphis, Tennessee on Sunday, May 6, 2012.[161][162] Despite still suffering from a problem with his left hip and asking the audience for prayer support, Penniman's invigorating stage performance kept the crowd jubilant and drew the loudest applause of the music festival. [163][164] Penniman was was booked to perform at BB King Blues Club & Grill in New York, NY on June 14, 2012 as part of The Blue Note Jazz Festival[165] and the Howard Theatre in Washingotn, DC. on June 16, 2012.
Penniman marked his 67th year of public performing in 2012.
Personal life[link]
Born the third of twelve siblings, Penniman was raised in a family with deep evangelical Christian roots. He was put out of the home by his father, who told him that he had spoiled his wish to have seven sons because of his effeminate mannerisms. After Penniman began making records, his father began opening up to him. But his father was fatally shot by Penniman's best friend James LeRoy outside a local bar. At the time, Penniman was 19 years old.[2]
Penniman became actively involved in orgies in the mid-1950s. In June 1956, Penniman met what has been described as his life-long soulmate, a young woman by the name of Audrey Robinson, who also went by the name Lee Angel. Robinson, who was 16 years of age when they first met, had graduated from high school early and was a college student.[2] Penniman committed his life to Christianity in October 1957, and met Ernestine Campbell at an evangelical church rally. They were wed in 1959. Penniman had some difficulty living a disciplined Christian life and was so drawn to show business that he ended up divorcing his wife in 1963. The marriage did not produce any children. However, Penniman did adopt the son of a deceased church associate in the early 1960s.[2]
Penniman's sexuality has long been a topic of debate, with the singer himself admitting that he had homosexual experiences as a young adult. But later in life, after becoming born again, he told a biographer that homosexuality was "contagious." In the same breath, he told the same biographer that he was "omnisexual" and in an interview with Penthouse magazine in 1995, said that he knew he was homosexual.[2] Richard has had affairs with both men and women.
Following more than a decade of wild living, Penniman encountered a series of devastating personal experiences, including a near-fatal, drug-fueled clash with his long-time friend Larry Williams in 1977. He returned to evangelical ministry and walked away again from rock and roll music, stating that it was not possible to serve God and perform that style of music simultaneously. Prior to the death of his mother in 1984, Penniman promised her that he would remain a Christian. He proceeded to use rock and roll to produce gospel recordings that he referred to as "messages in rhythm," changing his stance by stating that rock and roll could be used for good or evil.
Penniman has remained single for many years, is deeply spiritual, and now lives in Moore County, Tennessee . In recent years, he has occasionally been in the company of his former girlfriend from the mid-1950s, Audrey Robinson.[166][167]
Influence[link]
Known widely as "the architect of rock and roll,"[168][169] Penniman was an innovative[170] artist whose influence on the development of a variety of major musical genres and artists in the twentieth century was immense.[171] James Brown, who called Penniman his idol,[13] stated that Penniman was the first to put the funk in the rock and roll beat while working with his mid-1950s road band.[3][4] Otis Redding, who entered the music business because of Penniman, indicated that Penniman contributed significantly to the early development of soul music.[5] Richie Unterberger of allmusic.com stated that "Little Richard merged the fire of gospel with New Orleans R&B, pounding the piano and wailing with gleeful abandon. While numerous other R&B greats of the early '50s had been moving in a similar direction, none of them matched the sheer electricity of Richard's vocals. With his bullet-speed deliveries, ecstatic trills, and the overjoyed force of personality in his singing, he was crucial in upping the voltage from high-powered R&B into the similar, yet different, guise of rock & roll. Although he was only a hitmaker for a couple of years or so, his influence upon both the soul and British Invasion stars of the 1960s was vast, and his early hits remain core classics of the rock repertoire."[172] Little Richard's influence can be felt in virtually every top rock and rap act since 1955—from Elvis and Jerry Lee Lewis to Tina Turner and Prince, and many of today's rappers.[173][174][175]
Penniman has been recognized for his outstanding musical contributions by many other high-profile artists. In November 1988, Ray Charles introduced him at the Legends of Rock n Roll concert in Rome, as "a man that started a kind of music that set the pace for a lot of what's happening today."[11] Bo Diddley stated that "Little Richard was a one-of-a-kind show business genius. He influenced so many people in the business."[176] Elvis Presley, who covered four Little Richard singles in 1956[177], once told Penniman, "your music has inspired me—you are the greatest."[14] Paul McCartney said that he idolized Penniman when he was in school and always wanted to sing like him,[178] and Mick Jagger called Penniman "the originator" and "my first idol."[179] Bob Dylan performed Little Richard songs on piano as a schoolboy in his first band, and declared in his high school yearbook in 1959 that his ambition was "to join Little Richard,"[15][16] and in 1966, Jimi Hendrix, who recorded and performed with Penniman from 1964 to 1965[176] and began to emulate him in appearance, like Prince[180][181] (mustache, clothing, etc.) during that time,[176] was quoted as saying, "I want to do with my guitar what Little Richard does with his voice."[182] Cliff Richard,[183] George Harrison,[184][185] Keith Richards,[186][187] Bob Seger,[188] John Fogerty (Creedance Clearwater Revival),[189][190] David Bowie,[191] Elton John,[106] Freddie Mercury (Queen),[192][193] Rod Stewart,[194] Lemmy Kilmister,[195] and AC/DC band members Bon Scott,[196] Angus Young,[197] and Brian Johnson[198][199] are among the many other top-selling recording artists of the twentieth century who indicated that Penniman was a first and/or primary rock 'n' roll influence. In 1979, as he began to develop his solo career, Michael Jackson was quoted as saying that Penniman was a huge influence on him.[200] Considering his major influence on both Jackson and James Brown, People magazine declared, "There could not have been a Michael Jackson if there had not been a Little Richard."[201]
Music stars of the 21st century, such as rapper Mystikal paying homage to Penniman's sound[202] and Bruno Mars stating that Little Richard had a major impact on his early development as an artist,[203] demonstrates that Penniman continues to influence musicians worldwide.[204] A 2012 cross-generational audience of fans was yet another indication of Penniman's enduring influence. [205]
Awards and honors[link]
- In 1956, Cashbox awarded Penniman the Cashbox Triple Crown Award for his second hit single "Long Tall Sally".
- In 1984, "Little Richard" Penniman was inducted into the Georgia Music Hall of Fame.
- In 1986, Penniman was one of the first group of recording artists inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.[3]
- In 1990, he was honored with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.[206]
- In 1993, he then received an Honorary Lifetime Achievement Grammy Award from the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences.[207]
- In 1994, he was the fourth recording artist (the others being Ray Charles, Aretha Franklin and James Brown) to be recognized with the Lifetime Achievement Pioneer Award by the Rhythm and Blues Foundation.[208]
- In 1995, he received two Keys to the City of Providence, Rhode Island; one was awarded spontaneously, on stage, by Mayor Vincent "Buddy" Cianci
- In 1997, he received the American Music Award of Merit.
- On May 14, 2002, Little Richard was honored as one of the first three BMI Icons at the 50th annual BMI Pop Awards. He was presented the award along with BMI affiliates Bo Diddley and Chuck Berry.[209]
- In 2002, he received the NAACP Image Award - Hall of Fame Award for having "distinguished himself as not only an unparalleled musical genius, but also as a unique and innovative performing artist—fusing pure vocal talent with exhilarating showmanship."[210]
- In 2003, he was inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame.[31]
- In 2004, Rolling Stone ranked him #8 on their list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time.[211]
- In 2006, he was inducted into the Apollo Theater Legends Hall of Fame, at the same time as Ella Fitzgerald (who was one of the first winners of 'Amateur Night at the Apollo' in 1934) and Gladys Knight & the Pips.
- In 2007, his 1955 original hit "Tutti Frutti" topped Mojo's The Top 100 Records That Changed The World.[32]
- In 2008, Penniman was inducted into the Music City Walk of Fame.[212]
- In 2009, he was formally inducted into the Louisiana Music Hall of Fame.[213]
- In 2009, he was inducted into the Hit Parade Hall of Fame.
- In 2010, The Library Of Congress National Recording Registry added Penniman's original 1955 hit “Tutti Frutti” to its registry, claiming that the hit announced a new era in music: “A-wop-bop-a-loo-bop-a-lop-bam-boom!”[34]
- In September 2010, Little Richard was named GQ's Man of the Year (Legend).[2]
- In April 2012 Rolling Stone Magazine declared that Penniman's "Tutti Frutti" still has the most inspired rock lyric on record: "A wop bop alu bop, a wop bam boom!"[214]
Discography[link]
Main article: Little Richard discography
Filmography[link]
- The Girl Can't Help It (1956), lip-syncing the title number, "Ready Teddy" and "She's Got It"
- Don't Knock the Rock (1956), lip-syncing "Long Tall Sally" and "Tutti Frutti"
- Mister Rock and Roll (1957), lip-syncing "Lucille" and "Keep A-Knockin'", on original prints
- Catalina Caper (aka Never Steal Anything Wet, 1967), Richard lip-syncs an original tune, "Scuba Party" still unreleased on record in 2011.
- Little Richard: Live at the Toronto Peace Festival (1969) - released on DVD in 2009 by Shout! Factory
- The London Rock & Roll Show (1972), performing "Lucille", "Rip It Up", "Good Golly Miss Molly", "Tutti Frutti", "I Believe" [a capella, a few lines], and "Jenny Jenny"
- Jimi Hendrix (1973)
- Down and Out in Beverly Hills (1986), production number of hit version of "Great Gosh A-Mighty"
- Hail! Hail! Rock 'n' Roll (1987)
- Goddess of Love (1988)
- Purple People Eater (1988)
- Scenes from the Class Struggle in Beverly Hills (1989) (uncredited)
- Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventures (1990) (voice)
- Mother Goose Rock 'n' Rhyme (1990)
- The Naked Truth (1992)
- Sunset Heat (1992)
- The Pickle (1993)
- Why Do Fools Fall In Love (1998)
- Mystery Alaska (1999)
- The Trumpet of the Swan (2001) (voice)
- James Brown: The Man, The Music, & The Message (2008)
Quotation[link]
 |
This section is a candidate to be copied to Wikiquote using the Transwiki process. |
A lot of songs I sang to crowds first to watch their reaction. That's how I knew they'd hit.[215]
Notes[link]
- ^ "Little Richard – Discover music, videos, concerts, stats, & pictures at". Last.fm. 2009-02-11. http://www.last.fm/music/Little+Richard. Retrieved 2012-03-26.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i "Legend: Little Richard - GQ Men Of The Year". GQ-magazine.co.uk. http://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/men-of-the-year/home/winners-2010/gq-men-of-the-year-2010-little-richard-legend/angel. Retrieved 2010-11-10.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "Little Richard: inducted in 1986 | The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum". Rockhall.com. http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/little-richard. Retrieved 2010-09-18.
- ^ a b c "Obituary: James Brown". Thenewblackmagazine.com. http://www.thenewblackmagazine.com/view.aspx?index=567. Retrieved 2011-06-11.
- ^ a b c d White (2003), p. 231.
- ^ Unterberger, Richie (1935-12-05). "((( Little Richard > Overview )))". allmusic. http://www.allmusic.com/artist/p4765. Retrieved 2010-09-18.
- ^ a b c d "Little Richard". Inductees. Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. http://www.rockhall.com/inductee/little-richard.
- ^ "This Day in Music: October 16th". Gibson.com. http://www.gibson.com/en-us/Lifestyle/News/day-in-music-1016/. Retrieved 2011-01-17.
- ^ White, Charles (2003), pp. 25-27. The Life and Times of Little Richard: The Authorised Biography. Omnibus Press.
- ^ White (2003), p. 55.
- ^ a b "Little Richard - Great Gosh A'mighty". YouTube. 2008-08-29. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZdM4gSzb_ug. Retrieved 2009-08-10.
- ^ http://www.jazzwax.com/2010/08/interview-little-richard.html
- ^ a b White (2003), p. 229.
- ^ a b White, Charles (2003), p. 225. The Life and Times of Little Richard: The Authorised Biography. Omnibus Press.
- ^ a b Shelton, Robert (2003). No Direction Home: The Life and Music of Bob Dylan. Da Capo Press. p. 39. ISBN 0-306-81287-8.
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- ^ "40 acres (160,000 m2) Fest to rock UT campus for its 15th year". Dailytexanonline.com. http://www.dailytexanonline.com/2.4489/40-acres-fest-to-rock-ut-campus-for-its-15th-year-1.959932. Retrieved 2009-08-10. [dead link]
- ^ "What Austin Does. Austin Events / Events in Austin - Austin360.com | Austin American-Statesman". Austin360.com. http://www.austin360.com/calendar/events2/etc/userEventDisplay.jspd?eventStatus=Approved&eventid=119651. Retrieved 2010-09-18.
- ^ "" (2007-09-20). "Little Richard hopped up on goofballs". YouTube. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nwfs3HfFvCg&feature=player_embedded. Retrieved 2010-09-18.
- ^ Lee, Luaine (2007-05-30). "Impersonators vie to become 'The Next Best Thing'". Ventura County Star. http://www.venturacountystar.com/news/2007/may/30/impersonators-vie-to-become-the-next-best-thing/?printer=1/. Retrieved 2008-10-07.
- ^ "Little Richard to Replace Chuck Berry at Thanksgiving Halftime Performance". thesundevils.cstv.com. 2007-09-07. http://thesundevils.cstv.com/sports/m-footbl/spec-rel/090707aab.html. Retrieved 2008-10-07.
- ^ "The Imus Ranch Record (2008)". MusicMeter.nl. 2009-09-06. http://www.musicmeter.nl/album/158774. Retrieved 2010-09-18.
- ^ "Little Richard Weds Jeff and Gloria!". sonypictures.com. http://www.sonypictures.com/tv/shows/theyoungandtherestless/specials/specials_detail_3788.html. Retrieved 2008-10-07.
- ^ "Michael Jackson turned to old friend and entertainment lawyer John Branca in times of trouble". Daily News (New York). 2009-07-02. http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/michael_jackson/2009/07/02/2009-07-02_michael_jackson_turned_to_old_friend_and_entertainment_lawyer_john_branca_in_tim.html.
- ^ "Mourners Remember Soul Singer Wilson Pickett". Sacobserver.com. http://www.sacobserver.com/soul/020906/wilson_pickett.shtml. Retrieved 2009-08-10.
- ^ "Little Richard - Little Richard Weds 20 Couples". Contactmusic.com. http://www.contactmusic.com/news.nsf/article/little%20richard%20weds%2020%20couples_1017057. Retrieved 2009-08-10.
- ^ "Video Little Richard speak at Ike Turners funeral. van Steve Guillory - MySpace Video". Vids.myspace.com. http://vids.myspace.com/index.cfm?fuseaction=vids.individual&videoid=27868760. Retrieved 2009-08-10.
- ^ "Jazz Legend Fats Domino Makes Rare Appearance For Katrina Victims". News One. 2009-06-02. http://newsone.com/entertainment/jazz-legend-fats-domino-makes-rare-appearance-for-katrina-victims/. Retrieved 2010-09-18.
- ^ Fats Domino makes rare concert appearance. Retrieved 2010-01-22.
- ^ "Riverbend Festival 2009". Riverbend Festival.com. http://www.riverbendfestival.com/LITTLERICHARD.php. Retrieved 2009-08-10.
- ^ "Little Richard to rock Riverbend". Chattanooga Times Free Press. 2009-06-13. http://timesfreepress.com/news/2009/jun/13/06-13-little-richard-to-rock-riverbend/. Retrieved 2009-08-10.
- ^ "Little Richard Undergoes Hip Surgery - Spinner Canada". Spinner.ca. 2009-11-24. http://www.spinner.ca/2009/11/24/little-richard-hip-surgery/. Retrieved 2010-09-18.
- ^ Little Richard Appears on latino-audience targeted "Express Yourself Show."
- ^ "Little Richard Joins Kelli O'Hara in A CAPITOL FOURTH 2011 Concert in D.C". Broadwayworld.com. 2011-05-04. http://broadwayworld.com/article/Kelli-OHara-Set-to-Perform-at-2011-A-CAPITOL-FOURTH-20010101. Retrieved 2011-06-11.
- ^ http://www.memphisinmay.org/Default.aspx?p=70822&naid=10217
- ^ http://www.memphismetronews.com/2012/04/30/little-richard-replaces-jerry-lee-lewis-for-beale-street-music-festival-2012/
- ^ http://www.fuse.tv/2012/05/little-richard-rocks-beale-st-music-fest-despite-broken-hip
- ^ http://www.commercialappeal.com/news/2012/may/07/sun-splashed-beale-music-fest-rocks-to-finale/
- ^ http://broadwayworld.com/article/Little-Richard-Arturo-Sandoval-and-More-Join-Blue-Note-Jazz-Festival-Lineup-20120511
- ^ "Tennessee Property Data". http://tnmap.state.tn.us/assessment/map.aspx?GISLink=064042++++00801. Retrieved 2010-11-20.
- ^ Chalmers, Robert (2010-11-01). "Legend: Little Richard - GQ Men Of The Year - GQ.COM (UK)". Gq-magazine.co.uk. http://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/men-of-the-year/home/winners-2010/gq-men-of-the-year-2010-little-richard-legend/drink-and-drugs. Retrieved 2011-01-17.
- ^ http://rockhall.com/inductees/little-richard/
- ^ http://broadwayworld.com/article/Little-Richard-Arturo-Sandoval-and-More-Join-Blue-Note-Jazz-Festival-Lineup-20120511
- ^ http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748703545604575407661245246210.html?KEYWORDS=marc+myers
- ^ Savage, Jon (2011-06-12). "Little Richard unleashes rock's transgressive possibilities". The Guardian (London). http://www.guardian.co.uk/music/2011/jun/12/little-richard.
- ^ Unterberger, Richie (1935-12-05). "((( Little Richard > Overview )))". allmusic. http://www.allmusic.com/artist/p4765. Retrieved 2010-09-18.
- ^ "Little Richard". Digitaldreamdoor.com. 1932-12-05. http://www.digitaldreamdoor.com/pages/best_artists-bio/lrichard.html. Retrieved 2012-03-26.
- ^ http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748703545604575407661245246210.html?KEYWORDS=marc+myers
- ^ http://www.jazzwax.com/2010/08/interview-little-richard.html
- ^ a b c White, Charles. (2003), p. 226. The Life and Times of Little Richard: The Authorised Biography. Omnibus Press.
- ^ http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748703545604575407661245246210.html?KEYWORDS=marc+myers
- ^ White (2003), pp. 114-15.
- ^ White (2003), pp. 119-20.
- ^ http://rockhall.com/inductees/little-richard/
- ^ "Floridian: Prince and the evolution". Sptimes.com. http://www.sptimes.com/2004/04/29/Floridian/Prince_and_the_evolut.shtml. Retrieved 2012-03-26.
- ^ White (2003), pp. 125-28, 131-32, 163 and 228.
- ^ "Cliff Richard - Happy Birthday Cliff Richard! - Contactmusic News". Contactmusic.com. 2010-10-14. http://www.contactmusic.com/news.nsf/story/happy-birthday-cliff-richard_1172552. Retrieved 2011-01-17.
- ^ "Beatles accept award Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductions 1988". YouTube. 2010-01-28. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NO-HK_csGwk&feature=related. Retrieved 2012-03-26.
- ^ "Tom Petty and Jeff Lynne induct George Harrison Rock and Roll Hall of Fame 2004". YouTube. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B-MJKoZaS1k&feature=relmfu. Retrieved 2012-03-26.
- ^ Richards, Keith (2010-11-04). "Excerpt - Life - By Keith Richards". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/14/books/review/excerpt-life.html.
- ^ Hinckley, David (2011-01-22). "Keith Richards' first album? The Rolling Stones guitarist bought Little Richard, WFUV 90.7FM reveals". Daily News (New York). http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/tv/2011/01/24/2011-01-24_keith_richards_first_album_the_rolling_stones_guitarist_bought_little_richard_wf.html.
- ^ "Influences". Seger File. http://www.segerfile.com/influences.html. Retrieved 2009-08-10.
- ^ "John Fogerty". Psych.mcgill.ca. http://www.psych.mcgill.ca/levitin/fogerty.html. Retrieved 2009-08-10.
- ^ "Creedence Clearwater Revival: Information from". Answers.com. http://www.answers.com/topic/creedence-clearwater-revival?cat=entertainment. Retrieved 2011-01-17.
- ^ White (2003), p. 226.
- ^ Chace, Zoe (2010-08-30). "Where Are All The Pretty Boys? : The Record". NPR. http://www.npr.org/blogs/therecord/2010/08/30/129529404/where-are-all-the-pretty-boys. Retrieved 2010-09-18.
- ^ Hodkinson 2004, pp. 2,61.
- ^ Austin Scaggs (2003-10-07). "As Time Goes By: Rod Stewart". Rolling Stone. http://www.rollingstone.com/artists/rodstewart/articles/story/5936449/as_time_goes_by. Retrieved 2009-08-10.
- ^ "Motorhead'S Lemmy Says Little Richard Should Be Golden God". YouTube. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9rnZriMDlx4. Retrieved 2012-03-26.
- ^ bravewords.com. "> News > AC/DC Guitarist Angus Young Remembers Bon Scott - "When I Think Back In Hindsight, He Was A Guy That I Always Knew Was Full Of Life"". Bravewords.com. http://www.bravewords.com/news/132727. Retrieved 2010-09-18.
- ^ "Angus Young". Acdcwillie.tripod.com. http://acdcwillie.tripod.com/interview5b.htm. Retrieved 2010-09-18.
- ^ bravewords.com. "> News > AC/DC Guitarist Angus Young Remembers Bon Scott - "When I Think Back In Hindsight, He Was A Guy That I Always Knew Was Full Of Life"". Bravewords.com. http://www.bravewords.com/news/132727. Retrieved 2011-01-17.
- ^ "ACDC Biography". ACDC Biography. http://www.acdcbiography.com/acdc-biography.htm. Retrieved 2011-01-17.
- ^ Herron, Martin. "'Michael Jackson saved my life'". Scarborough Evening News. http://www.scarborougheveningnews.co.uk/news/Michael-Jackson-saved-my-life.5407768.jp. Retrieved 2009-08-10.
- ^ http://broadwayworld.com/article/Little-Richard-Arturo-Sandoval-and-More-Join-Blue-Note-Jazz-Festival-Lineup-20120511
- ^ http://www.nytimes.com/2000/12/03/arts/music-rappers-who-definitely-know-how-to-rock.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm
- ^ "Bruno Mars Interview – JustBrunoMars.com Exclusive". http://justbrunomars.com/bruno-mars/interviews/bruno-mars-interview-justbrunomars-com-exclusive/. Retrieved November 11, 2011.
- ^ http://www.jazzwax.com/2010/08/interview-little-richard.html
- ^ http://www.fuse.tv/2012/05/little-richard-rocks-beale-st-music-fest-despite-broken-hip
- ^ "Walk of Fame Directory". Hollywoodchamber.net. Archived from the original on August 4, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080804220837/http://www.hollywoodchamber.net/icons/walk_directory.asp. Retrieved 2009-08-10.
- ^ "Lifetime Awards". GRAMMY.com. 2009-02-08. http://www.grammy.com/Recording_Academy/Awards/Lifetime_Awards/. Retrieved 2009-08-10.
- ^ "Rhythm and Blues Foundation Website". Web.archive.org. 2008-02-13. Archived from the original on 2008-02-13. http://web.archive.org/web/20080213014043/http://www.rhythm-n-blues.org/pubs/101_333_1403.CFM. Retrieved 2009-08-10.
- ^ "BMI ICON Awards Honor Three of Rock & Roll’s Founding Fathers". bmi.com. http://www.bmi.com/news/entry/233284. Retrieved 2010-10-02.
- ^ CNN.com - Today's Buzz stories |date=2002-02-06[dead link]
- ^ The Greatest Artists of All Time: Little Richard
- ^ "Inductee Information to the Music City Walk of Fame". Visitmusiccity.com. http://www.visitmusiccity.com/walkoffame/inductees.htm. Retrieved 2010-09-18.
- ^ "LITTLE RICHARD 2009". Louisiana Music Hall of Fame. http://louisianamusichalloffame.org/content/view/94/113/. Retrieved 2010-09-18.
- ^ "500 Greatest Albums: Here's Little Richard - Little Richard". Rolling Stone. http://www.rollingstone.com/music/lists/500-greatest-albums-of-all-time-19691231/heres-little-richard-little-richard-19691231#ixzz1rsqlCXTq. Retrieved 2012-04-14.
- ^ Du Noyer, Paul (2003). The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Music (1st ed.). Fulham, London: Flame Tree Publishing. p. 14. ISBN 1-904041-96-5.
References[link]
- Kirby, David, Little Richard: The Birth of Rock 'n' Roll, Continuum, 2009.
- White, Charles, The Life And Times Of Little Richard: The Authorized Biography, Omnibus Press, 2003, reprint of 1984.
External links[link]
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Little Richard |
 |
Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Little Richard |
- Little Richard biography at the Encyclopaedia Britannica
- Little Richard in Rolling Stones Top 10 Artists of all Time
- Little Richard biography with pictures
- Little Richard interviewed on the Pop Chronicles (1969).
- "Little Richard" Penniman (entry in the New Georgia Encyclopedia)
- Louisiana Music Hall of Fame Induction Page
- Little Richard Official Myspace Page
- Little Richard News
- "Richard, the First" Marc Myers, The Wall Street Journal, 10 August 2010
- Quotes by Little Richard and Quotes About Little Richard by Famous Artists WIKIQUOTE
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Little Richard |
| Alternative names | Penniman, Richard Wayne |
| Short description | Singer-songwriter, musician |
| Date of birth | December 5, 1932 |
| Place of birth | Macon, Georgia, US |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Little_Richard
| Rich Little | |
|---|---|
 Rich Little performing as George Burns in 2004 |
|
| Born | (1938-11-26) November 26, 1938 (age 73) Ottawa, Ontario, Canada |
| Medium | Stand-up comedy, television |
| Nationality | Canadian, American |
| Years active | 1963—present |
| Genres | Observational comedy |
| Subject(s) | Impersonations, popular culture |
| Spouse | Marie Marotta (2003–2010) Jeannette Markey (1994–1997) Jeanne Worden (1971–1989), 1 daughter |
| Website | richlittle.com |
Richard Caruthers "Rich" Little (born November 26, 1938) is a Canadian-American impressionist and voice actor. He has long been known throughout the world as a top impersonator of famous people, resulting in his nickname, "The Man of a Thousand Voices", not to be confused with the legendary voice actor: Mel Blanc.
Contents |
Early life[link]
Born in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, Little was the middle of three sons. His father was a doctor. In his early teens, he formed a partnership with Geoff Scott, another budding impressionist, concentrating on reproducing the voices of Canadian politicians such as then-Prime Minister John Diefenbaker and Ottawa mayor Charlotte Whitton (Geoff went on to become a politician). They were performing professionally in night clubs by age 17.
Career[link]
Rich was an usher at the Elgin Movie Theatre in Ottawa where he would perfect his voices when standing at the back of the theatre. He started his amateur acting career at Ottawa's Little Theatre winning his first acting award at the Eastern Ontario Drama Festival in Deep River, Ontario. He went on to become a successful disc jockey, frequently incorporating impersonations into his show. In 1963, he was asked to audition by Mel Tormé, who was producing a new variety show for Judy Garland. The audition won him the job and in 1964, Little made his American television debut on CBS's The Judy Garland Show, where he astounded Garland with his imitations of various male celebrities. His impression of James Mason in A Star Is Born thrilled Garland, and his popularity began to grow.
In 1966 and 1967, Little appeared in ABC-TV's Judy Carne sitcom Love on a Rooftop as the Willises' eccentric neighbor, Stan Parker. He appeared on That Girl in 1967 as a writer who impressed Marlo Thomas' character with his impersonations. Little was a frequent guest on variety and talk shows. He cracked up Johnny Carson by capturing the Tonight Show host's voice and many on-stage mannerisms perfectly (he later played Carson in the HBO TV-movie The Late Shift). One of his best known impressions is of U.S. President Richard Nixon. (In 1991 he reprised the role of Nixon as ideal sperm donor in Gina's fantasies on the soap opera Santa Barbara.) During the 1970s, Little made many television appearances portraying Nixon. He was a regular guest on The Dean Martin Celebrity Roasts in the 1970s and was also a semi-regular on the Emmy-winning ABC-TV variety series The Julie Andrews Hour in 1972-1973. This particular series proved to be a wonderful showcase for Little's talents as an impressionist. In fact, because of his uncanny yet brilliant imitation of Jack Benny, the comedian sent Little an 18-carat gold money clip containing this message: "With Bob Hope doing my walk and you doing my voice, I can be a star and do nothing." He was named "Comedy Star of the Year" by the American Guild of Variety Artists in 1974.
His best-known continuing TV series was The Kopycats, hour-long segments of The ABC Comedy Hour, first broadcast in 1972. Taped in England, these comedy-variety shows consisted entirely of celebrity impersonations, with the actors in full costume and makeup for every sketch. The cast included Rich Little, Frank Gorshin, Marilyn Michaels, George Kirby, British comedian Joe Baker, Fred Travalena, Charlie Callas, and Peter Goodwright.
The Rich Little Show (1976) and The New You Asked for It (1981) were attempts to present Little in his own person, away from his gallery of characterizations.
In 1981 Little appeared in a comedy LP called The First Family Rides Again, which was the fourth and final 'First Family' comedy LPs originally created by Bob Booker and Earle Doud. Little starred along with Melanie Chartoff, Micheal Richards, Shelly Black, Jenilee Harrison, Earle Doud, and Vaughn Meader, making light of the Pres. Reagan years in the White House.
Little has starred in various HBO specials including the 1978 one-man show, Rich Little's Christmas Carol. He has also appeared in several movies and released nine albums. When David Niven proved too ill for his voice to be used in his appearances in Trail of the Pink Panther (1982) and Curse of the Pink Panther (1983), Little provided the overdub. (Ironically, Little provided the voice for the Pink Panther cartoon character in two experimental 1965 cartoons called Sink Pink and Pink Ice.) He rendered similar assistance for the 1991 TV special Christmas at the Movies by providing an uncredited dub for the aging actor/dancer Gene Kelly. As a native Canadian, he also lent his voice to the narration of two specials which were the forerunners for the animated series The Raccoons: The Christmas Raccoons and The Raccoons on Ice.[1]
Little was the host for the 2007 White House Correspondents' Association dinner. Although President George W. Bush was reported to have enjoyed Little's performance, it was panned by some reviewers for "his ancient jokes and impressions of dead people (Johnny Carson, Richard Nixon and Ronald Reagan)."[2][3][4]
Little voices as a guest star in Futurama such as Futurama: Bender's Game, playing his own celebrity head: "Rich Little here, as Howard Cosell." Many times he plays a sports commentator.
Other interests[link]
Little has been active in several charities including the Juvenile Diabetes Fund and the Children's Miracle Network. He has been named to Miami Children's Hospital International Pediatrics Hall of Fame and been honored by the naming of the Rich Little Special Care Nursery at Ottawa Civic Hospital.
Personal life[link]
Little was married to Jeanne Worden from 1971 until their divorce in 1989. The couple have a daughter, Bria. He married Jeannette Markey in 1994; they divorced in 1997. He was married to Marie Marotta from 2003 until her death in 2010. (She died of a deliberate overdose of sleeping pills on July 15, 2010 after suffering from chronic pain.[5])
Little resides in Las Vegas, where he often performs. He was sworn in as an American citizen in a Las Vegas courtroom on January 10, 2008.
References[link]
- ^ The Christmas Raccoons and The Raccoons on Ice at YouTube
- ^ Akers, Mary Ann. "Rich Little Bravely Answers Washington's Call", The Washington Post, 23 April 2007.
- ^ Adams, Richard. Every day is a whining Rove, The Guardian, 23 April 2007.
- ^ Harper, Tim. Jokes leave Washington a Little cold, The Toronto Star, 23 April 2007.
- ^ Lofaro, Tony. "Rich Little's wife dies of apparent overdose", The Ottawa Citizen, 16 July 2010.
External links[link]
|
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Rich Little |
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Little, Rich |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | November 26, 1938 |
| Place of birth | Ottawa, Ontario, Canada |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Rich_Little
| Mitch Woods | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Background information | |
| Born | (1951-04-03) April 3, 1951 (age 61) Brooklyn, New York, United States |
| Genres | Boogie-woogie, jump blues,[1] jazz |
| Occupations | Pianist, singer, songwriter |
| Instruments | Piano, vocals |
| Years active | Early 1980s-present |
| Labels | Blind Pig, various |
| Website | Link |
Mitch Woods (born April 3, 1951, Brooklyn, New York, United States[2]) is an American modern day boogie-woogie,[1] jump blues and jazz pianist and singer.[1] Since the early 1980s he has been touring and recording with his band, the Rocket 88s.[3] Woods calls his music, "rock-a-boogie," and with his backing band has retrospectively provided a 1940s and 1950s jump blues style.[2]
Contents |
Biography[link]
Woods got his start playing clubs near the State University of New York Buffalo campus. He moved to San Francisco in 1971.[4]
Originally a student of jazz and classical music, on relocation to the West Coast, Woods started playing jump and rhythm and blues. Upon hearing Louis Jordan's jive, Woods played throughout the 1970s as a soloist at local clubs. In 1984, Blind Pig released the debut album of the Rocket 88s, the band he had formed with HiTide Harris four years earlier. Steady Date with Mitch Woods & His Rocket 88s led to a national concert tour, including the San Francisco Blues Festival in 1985, as well as several European engagements. In 1988, they issued their second LP, Mr. Boogie's Back in Town.[2]
In 1991 their third album, Solid Gold Cadillac, was released, followed by Shakin' the Shack (1993).[2] Woods, capable in four styles of piano playing, Chicago blues, Kansas City boogie-woogie, West Coast jump blues and the poly-rhythmic accents of New Orleans, got the opportunity to play with some of his musical heroes, when he recorded his 1996 Viceroy album, Keeper of the Flame.[5] Their next album, Jump for Joy, appeared in 2001.[2]
The 2006 release, Big Easy Boogie featured veteran New Orleans musicians backing Woods.[6] In 2007 Woods was nominated for the Pinetop Perkins Piano Player of the Year Award at the Blues Awards in Memphis, Tennessee, presented by the Blues Foundation.[7]
Latterly he and his band toured with the Efes Pilsen Blues Festival.[8]
Discography[link]
- Steady Date with Mitch Woods & His Rocket 88s (1984) - Blind Pig
- Mr. Boogie's Back in Town (1988) - Blind Pig
- Solid Gold Cadillac (1991) - Blind Pig
- Shakin' the Shack (1993) - Blind Pig
- Keeper of the Flame (1996) - Viceroy Records
- Jump for Joy! (2001) - Blind Pig
- Big Easy Boogie (2006) - Club 88 Records
- Jukebox Drive (2008) - El Toro
- Gumbo Blues (2010) - +1 Records[9]
See also[link]
References[link]
- ^ a b c Du Noyer, Paul (2003). The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Music (1st ed.). Fulham, London: Flame Tree Publishing. p. 166. ISBN 1-904041-96-5.
- ^ a b c d e "Biography by Bill Dahl & Stephen Thomas Erlewine". Allmusic.com. http://www.allmusic.com/artist/p583/biography. Retrieved December 22, 2009.
- ^ Mark Hedin (May 21, 2006). "MITCH WOODS SWINGS TO THE BIG EASY BEAT". San Francisco Chronicle. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2006/05/21/PKGN3IR3UA1.DTL.
- ^ Derk Richardson (December 13, 2007). "Mitch Woods Whether playing solo or with his bands, Bay Area pianist rockets to New Orleans and back, then around the world". San Francisco Chronicle. http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2007/12/12/NS29TOONB.DTL.
- ^ Mnblues.com - accessed December 2009
- ^ "Allmusic ((( Mitch Woods > Big Easy Boogie > Review )))". http://www.allmusic.com/album/r837316/review.
- ^ Mitchwoods.com - accessed December 2009
- ^ Efes Pilsen Official Blog - accessed October 2010
- ^ "Allmusic ((( Mitch Woods > Discography > Main Albums )))". http://www.allmusic.com/artist/p583/discography.
External links[link]
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Woods, Mitch |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | American boogie-woogie, jump blues and jazz musician |
| Date of birth | April 3, 1951 |
| Place of birth | Brooklyn, New York, United States |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Mitch_Woods
1:02
The Magic School Bus In Concert Intro
MrEniena
The Magic School Bus In Concert Intro
This is the introduction for The Magic School Bus Game In Concert (with Little Richard singing the trademark theme song from the TV series of the same name.) It was a part of a small number of Magic School Bus games that were activity based and did not involve an adventure based setting. The game was released by Microsoft in the year 2000. The focus of this game in the series was music.
5:59
Little Richard Presentation.
KattisTheVoice
Little Richard Presentation.
I created a summary of Little Richard as a musician. I found the importance of his music and his influence on music from 1950-2000. His music's functionality and how he perceives various genres. Little Richard's real name is Richard Wayne Penniman. His mother and 11 siblings are unknown, and his father was shot during a recording in a studio. But Little Richard is 79 years old and tours even today.
2:25
Gladiator (7/8) Movie CLIP - Busy Little Bees (2000) HD
movieclips
Gladiator (7/8) Movie CLIP - Busy Little Bees (2000) HD
Gladiator Movie Clip - watch all clips j.mp click to subscribe j.mp Commodus (Joaquin Phoenix) warns Lucilla (Connie Nielsen) that he is aware of her spying and threatens to kill her son Lucius (Spencer Treat Clark). TM & © Dreamworks (2012) Cast: Spencer Treat Clark, Joaquin Phoenix, Connie Nielsen Director: Ridley Scott MOVIECLIPS YouTube Channel: j.mp Join our Facebook page: j.mp Follow us on Twitter: j.mp Buy Movie: amzn.to Producer: David Franzoni, Branko Lustig, Walter F. Parkes, Ridley Scott Screenwriter: David Franzoni, John Logan Film Description: A man robbed of his name and his dignity strives to win them back, and gain the freedom of his people, in this epic historical drama from director Ridley Scott. In the year 180, the death of emperor Marcus Aurelius (Richard Harris) throws the Roman Empire into chaos. Maximus (Russell Crowe) is one of the Roman army's most capable and trusted generals and a key advisor to the emperor. As Marcus' devious son Commodus (Joaquin Phoenix) ascends to the throne, Maximus is set to be executed. He escapes, but is captured by slave traders. Renamed Spaniard and forced to become a gladiator, Maximus must battle to the death with other men for the amusement of paying audiences. His battle skills serve him well, and he becomes one of the most famous and admired men to fight in the Colosseum. Determined to avenge himself against the man who took away his freedom and laid waste to his family, Maximus believes that he can use his fame <b>...</b>
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Warren G - This DJ (instrumental).
CartoucheDi
Warren G - This DJ (instrumental).
Warren G (born Warren Griffin III, November 10, 1971),[1] is an American West Coast rapper and hip hop producer. His biggest hit is the song "Regulate" with Nate Dogg released in 1994. Warren G is a former member of the Long Beach Rollin' 20's Neighborhood Crips (21st Street). Discography # Regulate...G Funk Era (1994) # Take a Look Over Your Shoulder (1997) # I Want It All (1999) # The Return of the Regulator (2001) # The Hard Way (2004) (with 213) # In the Mid-Nite Hour (2005) # The G Files (2009) # Regulate...G Funk Era Pt 2 (2011 Filmography * All of Us (2005) * Old School (2003) * Little Richard (2000) * Speedway Junky (1999)
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