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Unit name | Hellenic Army |
---|---|
Caption | Hellenic Army Seal |
Dates | 1821 (de facto)1828 (official) |
Country | |
Allegiance | The Hellenic Republic |
Type | Land Forces |
Role | National Defense |
Size | standard numbers in peacetime:over 100,000 personnel mobilization capability in wartime:over 1,500,000 troops |
Command structure | Hellenic Armed Forces |
Garrison | Formations of the Hellenic Army |
Garrison label | Formations |
Patron | Saint George |
Motto | Freedom Stems from Valor |
Equipment | Equipment of the Hellenic Army |
Battles | Greek War of IndependenceGreco-Turkish War of 1897 First Balkan War Second Balkan War World War I Allied Expedition to the Ukraine Greco-Turkish War of 1919–1922 World War II Greek Civil War Korean War Gulf War War in Afghanistan War on Terrorism |
Commander1 | Lt. General Frangoulis Frangos |
Commander1 label | Chief of Staff |
Commander2 | Lt. General Stylianos Nasis |
Commander2 label | Inspector General |
Notable commanders | King Constantine I, Gen. Panagiotis Danglis, Fld. Marshal Alexander Papagos, Gen. Nikolaos Plastiras |
Identification symbol | ΕΣ |
Identification symbol label | Identification marking |
Identification symbol 2 | |
Identification symbol 2 label | Regimental War Flag |
The Hellenic Army (, Ellinikós Stratós), formed in 1828, is the land force of Greece.
The motto of the Hellenic Army is (Eleútheron tò Eúpsychon), "Freedom Stems from Valor", from Thucydides's History of the Peloponnesian War (2.43.4). The Hellenic Army Emblem is the two-headed eagle with a Greek Cross escutcheon in the centre, representing the links between modern Greece, the Greek Orthodox Church, and the Byzantine Empire.
During peacetime, the Army has the following main objectives:
The Hellenic Army has taken part in the following engagements:
Note: During World War II, the Army's equipment included the French Rifle Lebel M1886, the French Machinegun St. Etienne M1907, the French machinegun Hotchkiss M1914, the Belgian Rifle Mauser M1930 the Austrian Machinegun Schwarzlose M1907/12, the French machinegun Hotchkiss M1928, the Austrian Infantry Rifle Mannlicher-Schönauer M1903, and the French Machinegun Chauchat M1915.
After a major reorganization which occurred in the last decade, which included the transformation of most Infantry formations into Mechanized Brigades and a parallel reduction of personnel, Hellenic Army's higher command is the Hellenic Army General Staff.
There are four major military commands which supervise all army units, The 1st Army, based at Larissa, that includes the I and IV Army Corps, responsible for the defense of the northern and eastern borders. The II Army Corps, based at Veroia, which groups all the rapid reaction forces of the army The Supreme Military Command of the Interior and Islands, based at Athens with the mission to provide cover for the islands in the Aegean Sea. The Supreme Military Support Command undertaking various logistics and organizational tasks.
Although divisions still exist, having the role of forward commands, the Army is mainly organized in brigades, that follow the typical NATO standards consisting of five battalions, three maneuver, one artillery, one support and some other company sized formations. According to the latest developments, up to 2015, all active divisions will dissolve, but all brigades will acquire one more maneuver battalion, largely eliminating the distinction between mechanized and armored formations, thus creating a new type brigade, which will be named Strike Brigade.
Most professional officers graduate from the Evelpidon Military Academy in Athens (Στρατιωτική Σχολή Ευελπίδων) and the Corps Officers Military Academy in Thessaloniki (Στρατιωτική Σχολή Αξιωματικών Σωμάτων), while the rest graduate from various Military Schools according to their specialization.
In the chain of command, graduates of the two Military Academies in Athens and Thessaloniki are considered higher in seniority compared to professional officers of the same rank who graduate from specialized Military Schools. The latter officers are followed in seniority by volunteer and finally conscript staff.
During war, the Hellenic army battalions are commanded by either a ranking officer major general or if in a combat mission by another state which in agreement with the Greek state will be commanded by a ranking General of their own.
The heavy equipment and weaponry of the Hellenic Army is mostly of foreign manufacture, from German, French, American, British and Russian suppliers. A notable exception is the native-built Leonidas armored fighting vehicle by the Hellenic Vehicles Manufacturer Industry (ELBO).
Equipment runs the gamut from state-of-the art to obsolescent Cold War inventories; the latter are gradually being retired.
Category:Hellenic Army Category:1828 establishments in Greece
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