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November 30
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BAE Systems
http://wn.com/BAE_Systems -
Barbados
Barbados ()or (Bar-bay-dos) is an island nation of the Lesser Antilles, in length and as much as in width, amounting to . It is situated in the western area of the North Atlantic Ocean and 100 kilometres (62 mi) east of the Windward Islands and the Caribbean Sea; therein, it is about east of the islands of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, and north-east of Venezuela. Barbados is outside of the principal Atlantic hurricane belt.
http://wn.com/Barbados -
Benin
Benin (), officially the Republic of Benin, is a country in West Africa. It borders Togo to the west, Nigeria to the east and Burkina Faso and Niger to the north. Its small southern coastline on the Bight of Benin is where a majority of the population is located. The capital of Benin is Porto-Novo, but the seat of government is located in the country's largest city of Cotonou. Benin covers an area of approximately 110,000 square kilometers (42,000 sq mi), with a population of approximately 8.8 million. Benin is a tropical, sub-Saharan nation, highly dependent on agriculture, with substantial employment and income arising from subsistence farming.
http://wn.com/Benin -
Buganda
Buganda is a subnational kingdom within Uganda. The kingdom of the Ganda people, Buganda is the largest of the traditional kingdoms in present-day Uganda, comprising all of Uganda's Central Region, including the Ugandan capital Kampala, with the exception of the disputed eastern Kayunga District. The 5.5 million Baganda (singular Muganda; often referred to simply by the root word and adjective, Ganda) make up the largest Ugandan ethnic group, representing approximately 16.9% of Uganda's population.
http://wn.com/Buganda -
Central Java
Central Java () is a province of Indonesia. The administrative capital is Semarang. It is one of six provinces on the island of Java. The province of Central Java is 32,548.20 km2 in area; approximately a quarter of the total land area of Java. Its population is (), making it the third most-populous province in Indonesia after West Java and East Java, and constituting a bit less than one quarter of the crowded island's population.
http://wn.com/Central_Java -
Costa Rica
:For the plant genus Costarica, see its synonym Sicyos.
http://wn.com/Costa_Rica -
Finland
Finland (pronounced ), officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of Northern Europe. It is bordered by Sweden on the west, Norway on the north and Russia on the east, while Estonia lies to its south across the Gulf of Finland.
http://wn.com/Finland -
Folies Bergere
http://wn.com/Folies_Bergere -
France
{{Infobox Country
http://wn.com/France -
Franklin, Tennessee
Franklin is a city within and the county seat of Williamson County, Tennessee, United States. The population was 41,842 as of the 2000 census and on July 1, 2008 the estimate is 58,481. Franklin is located approximately south of downtown Nashville
http://wn.com/Franklin_Tennessee -
Fredriksten
Fredriksten is a fortress in the city of Halden in Norway.
http://wn.com/Fredriksten -
Glasgow
Glasgow ( (); (pronounced )) is the largest city in Scotland and third most populous in the United Kingdom. The city is situated on the River Clyde in the country's west central lowlands. A person from Glasgow is known as a Glaswegian, which is also the name of the local dialect.
http://wn.com/Glasgow -
Guadalcanal Campaign
The Guadalcanal Campaign, also known as the Battle of Guadalcanal and codenamed Operation Watchtower by Allied forces, was fought between August 7, 1942 and February 9, 1943 on and around the island of Guadalcanal in the Pacific theatre of World War II. It was part of the Allied strategic plan to protect the convoy routes between the US, Australia and New Zealand. Launched a few months after the Kokoda Track campaign, it was the second major offensive by Allied forces against the Empire of Japan.
http://wn.com/Guadalcanal_Campaign -
Hamilton Crescent
Hamilton Crescent is a cricket ground located in the Partick area of Glasgow, Scotland. It is the home of the West of Scotland Cricket Club.
http://wn.com/Hamilton_Crescent -
Helsinki
Helsinki (; , ) is the capital and largest city in Finland. It is in the southern part of Finland, in the region of Uusimaa/Nyland, on the shore of the Gulf of Finland, by the Baltic Sea. The population of the city of Helsinki is (), making it the most populous municipality in Finland by a wide margin. Helsinki is located some east of Stockholm, Sweden, west of St. Petersburg, Russia and north of Tallinn, Estonia. Helsinki has close connections with these three cities.
http://wn.com/Helsinki -
Indonesia
Indonesia ( or ), officially the Republic of Indonesia (), is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia comprises 17,508 islands. With a population of around 238 million people, it is the world's fourth most populous country, and has the world's largest population of Muslims. Indonesia is a republic, with an elected legislature and president. The nation's capital city is Jakarta. The country shares land borders with Papua New Guinea, East Timor, and Malaysia. Other neighboring countries include Singapore, Philippines, Australia, and the Indian territory of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Indonesia is a founding member of ASEAN and a member of the G-20 major economies.
http://wn.com/Indonesia -
Iran
Iran ( ), officially the Islamic Republic of Iran is a country in Central Eurasia and Western Asia. The name Iran has been in use natively since the Sassanian era and came into use internationally in 1935, before which the country was also known to the western world as Persia. Both Persia and Iran are used interchangeably in cultural contexts; however, Iran is the name used officially in political contexts.
http://wn.com/Iran -
Israel
http://wn.com/Israel -
Japan
http://wn.com/Japan -
London
London () is the capital of England and the United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its founding by the Romans, who called it Londinium. London's core, the ancient City of London, largely retains its square-mile mediaeval boundaries. Since at least the 19th century, the name London has also referred to the metropolis developed around this core. The bulk of this conurbation forms the London region and the Greater London administrative area, governed by the elected Mayor of London and the London Assembly.
http://wn.com/London -
Narva
Narva () is the third largest city in Estonia. It is located at the eastern extreme point of Estonia, by the Russian border, on the Narva River which drains Lake Peipus.
http://wn.com/Narva -
New Jersey
New Jersey (, ) is a state in the Northeastern and Middle Atlantic regions of the United States. It is bordered on the northeast by New York, on the southeast and south by the Atlantic Ocean, on the west by Pennsylvania and on the southwest by Delaware. New Jersey lies largely within the sprawling metropolitan areas of New York City and Philadelphia. It is the most densely populated state in the United States.
http://wn.com/New_Jersey -
Norway
http://wn.com/Norway -
November 2005
http://wn.com/November_2005 -
PDRY
http://wn.com/PDRY -
Renton, Washington
Renton is a city in King County, Washington, United States. Situated 13 miles (21 km) southeast of Seattle, Washington, Renton straddles the southeast shore of Lake Washington. Founded in the 1860s, Renton became a supply town for the Newcastle coal fields. The city is now a center of manufacturing and technology companies, such as Boeing, Paccar, and several dot-commers. The State of Washington Office of Financial Management estimates the City of Renton's population to be 86,230 as of April 2010. According to the data from the Office of Financial Management, Renton currently contains the 11th largest population in the state, and 5th largest in King County.
http://wn.com/Renton_Washington -
Salt Lake City, Utah
http://wn.com/Salt_Lake_City_Utah -
Scotland
Scotland (Scottish Gaelic: Alba) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Occupying the northern third of the island of Great Britain, it shares a border with England to the south and is bounded by the North Sea to the east, the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the southwest. In addition to the mainland, Scotland includes over 790 islands including the Northern Isles and the Hebrides.
http://wn.com/Scotland -
Seattle, Washington
http://wn.com/Seattle_Washington -
Sinop (Turkey)
http://wn.com/Sinop_(Turkey) -
South Africa
The Republic of South Africa is a country located at the southern tip of Africa, with a coastline on the Atlantic and Indian Oceans. To the north lie Namibia, Botswana and Zimbabwe; to the east are Mozambique and Swaziland; while Lesotho is an independent country wholly surrounded by South African territory.
http://wn.com/South_Africa -
Soviet
http://wn.com/Soviet -
Soviet Union
http://wn.com/Soviet_Union -
Spain
Spain ( ; , ), officially the Kingdom of Spain (), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Its mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar; to the north by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay; and to the northwest and west by the Atlantic Ocean and Portugal.
http://wn.com/Spain -
Stockholm
http://wn.com/Stockholm -
Surakarta
Surakarta (colloquially Solo) is an Indonesian city of more than 600,000 people located in Central Java.
http://wn.com/Surakarta -
Sylacauga, Alabama
Sylacauga is a city in Talladega County, Alabama, United States. At the 2000 census the population was 12,616.
http://wn.com/Sylacauga_Alabama -
The Crystal Palace
The Crystal Palace was a cast-iron and glass building originally erected in Hyde Park, London, England, to house the Great Exhibition of 1851. More than 14,000 exhibitors from around the world gathered in the Palace's of exhibition space to display examples of the latest technology developed in the Industrial Revolution. Designed by Joseph Paxton, the Great Exhibition building was long, with an interior height of .
http://wn.com/The_Crystal_Palace -
The Philippines
http://wn.com/The_Philippines -
Turkey
Turkey (), known officially as the Republic of Turkey (), is a Eurasian country that stretches across the Anatolian peninsula in western Asia and Thrace in the Balkan region of southeastern Europe. Turkey is one of the six independent Turkic states. Turkey is bordered by eight countries: Bulgaria to the northwest; Greece to the west; Georgia to the northeast; Armenia, Azerbaijan (the exclave of Nakhchivan) and Iran to the east; and Iraq and Syria to the southeast. The Mediterranean Sea and Cyprus are to the south; the Aegean Sea to the west; and the Black Sea is to the north. The Sea of Marmara, the Bosphorus and the Dardanelles (which together form the Turkish Straits) demarcate the boundary between Eastern Thrace and Anatolia; they also separate Europe and Asia.
http://wn.com/Turkey -
Uganda
The Republic of Uganda ( or ) is a landlocked country in East Africa. It is bordered on the east by Kenya, on the north by Sudan, on the west by the Democratic Republic of the Congo, on the southwest by Rwanda, and on the south by Tanzania. The southern part of the country includes a substantial portion of Lake Victoria, which is also bordered by Kenya and Tanzania.
http://wn.com/Uganda -
United Arab Emirates
http://wn.com/United_Arab_Emirates -
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK, or Britain) is a country and sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe. It is an island nation, spanning an archipelago including Great Britain, the northeastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK with a land border with another sovereign state, sharing it with the Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border, the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel and the Irish Sea. Great Britain is linked to continental Europe by the Channel Tunnel.
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United States
The United States of America (also referred to as the United States, the U.S., the USA, or America) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Caribbean and Pacific.
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Vietnam
Vietnam ( ; , ), officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (, ), is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia. It is bordered by People's Republic of China (PRC) to the north, Laos to the northwest, Cambodia to the southwest, and the South China Sea, referred to as East Sea (), to the east. With a population of over 86 million, Vietnam is the 13th most populous country in the world.
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Welland Canal
The Welland Canal is a ship canal in Canada that runs 42 km (27.0 miles) from Port Colborne, Ontario on Lake Erie to Port Weller, Ontario on Lake Ontario. As part of the St. Lawrence Seaway, the canal allows ships to traverse the Niagara Escarpment and avoid Niagara Falls.
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White House
The White House is the official residence and principal workplace of the President of the United States. Located at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue NW in Washington, D.C., the house was designed by Irish-born James Hoban, and built between 1792 and 1800 of white-painted Aquia sandstone in the Neoclassical style. It has been the residence of every U.S. President since John Adams. When Thomas Jefferson moved into the house in 1801, he (with architect Benjamin Henry Latrobe) expanded the building outward, creating two colonnades that were meant to conceal stables and storage.
http://wn.com/White_House
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Abbie Hoffman
Abbot Howard "Abbie" Hoffman (November 30, 1936 – April 12, 1989) was an American social and political activist who co-founded the Youth International Party ("Yippies").
http://wn.com/Abbie_Hoffman -
Adrian Cristea
http://wn.com/Adrian_Cristea -
Alan Hutton
Alan Hutton (born 30 November 1984 in Glasgow, Scotland) is a Scottish professional footballer who currently plays as a right back for Tottenham Hotspur and also the Scottish national team.
http://wn.com/Alan_Hutton -
Aldair
http://wn.com/Aldair -
Alexander Berry
http://wn.com/Alexander_Berry -
Alfred Herrhausen
Alfred Herrhausen (30 January 1930, Essen - 30 November 1989) was a German banker and Chairman of Deutsche Bank. From 1971 onwards he was a member of the bank's board of directors.
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Allan Sherman
http://wn.com/Allan_Sherman -
Amy Ryan
Amy Ryan (born November 30, 1969) is an American actress. She has been nominated for an Academy Award as Best Supporting Actress for her performance in Gone Baby Gone (2007) and is also known for her role in HBO's The Wire, playing Port Authority Officer Beadie Russell.
http://wn.com/Amy_Ryan -
Andrea Doria
http://wn.com/Andrea_Doria -
Andrea Palladio
http://wn.com/Andrea_Palladio -
Andreas Werckmeister
Andreas Werckmeister (November 30, 1645 – October 26, 1706) was an organist, music theorist, and composer of the Baroque era.
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Andrej Gosar
Andrej Gosar (30 November 1887 - 21 April 1970) was a Slovenian and Yugoslav politician, sociologist, economist and political theorist.
http://wn.com/Andrej_Gosar -
Andrew Calhoun
Andrew Calhoun (born 1957, New Haven, Connecticut) is an American folk singer/songwriter. He was inspired to become a musician when his mother brought home a couple of her hippie students who played guitar. Early influences include Kris Kristofferson, Johnny Cash, John Prine, Leonard Cohen, Edna St. Vincent Millay, Joseph Conrad, C.S. Lewis and Mississippi John Hurt. In 1992, he founded the artists cooperative record label Waterbug Records. His performances include works by various songwriters and poets, Scots ballads in original translations from dialect, African American sacred songs, and his own varied songbook.
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Andrés de Urdaneta
http://wn.com/Andrés_de_Urdaneta -
Andrés Nocioni
http://wn.com/Andrés_Nocioni -
Andy Akinwolere
Andy Akinwolere (born 30 November 1983, Nigeria) is a British television presenter.
http://wn.com/Andy_Akinwolere -
Antoine N'Gossan
'''Jean-Etienne Antoine N'Gossan''' (born 30 November 1990 in Abidjan) is an Ivorian football midfielder playing for ASEC Mimosas on loan from Charlton Athletic F.C..
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Archbishop of York
The Archbishop of York is a high-ranking cleric in the Church of England, second only to the Archbishop of Canterbury. He is the diocesan bishop of the Diocese of York and metropolitan of the Province of York, which covers the northern portion of England (north of the Trent) as well as the Isle of Man. The archbishop is a member ex officio of the House of Lords, and is styled Primate of England. (The Archbishop of Canterbury is "Primate of All England".)
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Batman
http://wn.com/Batman -
Ben Stiller
Benjamin Edward "Ben" Stiller (born November 30, 1965) is an American comedian, actor, writer, film director, and producer. He is the son of veteran comedians and actors Jerry Stiller and Anne Meara.
http://wn.com/Ben_Stiller -
Ben Thatcher
Benjamin David "Ben" Thatcher (born November 30, 1975 in Swindon, Wiltshire) is a professional association football player, who is currently a free agent. He has played for a number of English clubs, and has featured in more than 300 English league games from his position as a left-sided defender.
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Beniamino Gigli
Beniamino Gigli, (March 20, 1890 - November 30, 1957) was an Italian opera singer. The most famous tenor of his generation, he was renowned internationally for the great beauty of his voice and the soundness of his vocal technique. Music critics sometimes took him to task, however, for what was perceived to be the over-emotionalism of his interpretations. Nevertheless, such was Gigli's talent, he is considered to be one of the very finest tenors in the recorded history of music.
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Benjamin Lense
Benjamin Lense (born 30 November 1978 in Lich, Germany) is a German footballer who plays for Arminia Bielefeld.
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Bill Clinton
William Jefferson "Bill" Clinton (born William Jefferson Blythe III, August 19, 1946) is the former 42nd President of the United States and served from 1993 to 2001. At 46 he was the third-youngest president. He became president at the end of the Cold War, and was the first baby boomer president. His wife, Hillary Rodham Clinton, is currently the United States Secretary of State. Each received a Juris Doctor (J.D.) from Yale Law School.
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Bill Halter
William A. "Bill" Halter (born November 30, 1960) is the 14th and current Lieutenant Governor of Arkansas. A member of the Democratic Party, he was elected to succeed the late Republican Winthrop Paul Rockefeller in 2006, defeating Republican challenger Jim Holt by a margin of 57%-43%.
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Billy Idol
William Michael Albert Broad (born November 30, 1955), better known by his stage name Billy Idol, is an English rock musician. He first achieved fame in the punk rock era as a member of the band Generation X. He then embarked on a successful solo career, aided by a series of stylish music videos, making him one of the first MTV stars. Idol continues to tour with guitarist Steve Stevens and has a worldwide fan base.
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Bob Tewksbury
Robert Alan Tewksbury (born November 30, 1960 in Concord, New Hampshire) is a former Major League Baseball pitcher.
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Bobby Abel
Robert Abel (30 November 1857 – 10 December 1936), nicknamed "The Guv'nor", was a Surrey and England opening batsman who was one of the most prolific run-getters in the early years of the County Championship. He was the first England player to "carry his bat" – opening the batting and remaining not out at the end of an innings – through a Test innings, and the first player to score 2000 runs in consecutive seasons – which he did each season between 1895 and 1902.
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Brownie McGhee
Walter Brown ("Brownie") McGhee (November 30, 1915 - February 16, 1996) was a blues singer and guitarist best known for his collaborations with the harmonica player Sonny Terry.
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Carleton H. Wright
Carleton Herbert Wright (June 2, 1892 – June 27, 1970) was an admiral in the United States Navy (USN).
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Charles XII
http://wn.com/Charles_XII -
Charlie Byrd
http://wn.com/Charlie_Byrd -
Cherie Currie
Cherie Currie (born November 30, 1959) is an American singer, actress and chainsaw artist. Currie was the lead vocalist of The Runaways, a hard rock band from Los Angeles in the mid-to-late 1970s.
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Cho Namchul
Cho Namchul (November 30, 1923 - July 2, 2006) was a professional Go player (Baduk in Korean). He died of natural causes in Seoul at the age of 83.
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Chris Atkinson
http://wn.com/Chris_Atkinson -
Chris Claremont
http://wn.com/Chris_Claremont -
Christel Khalil
Christel Khalil (born November 30, 1987 in Los Angeles, California) is an American actress.
http://wn.com/Christel_Khalil -
Christian Bernard
Christian Bernard (born 30 November 1951), F.R.C., is the current () Imperator of AMORC, a mystical Rosicrucian order. He became Imperator on 12 April 1990.
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Clay Aiken
http://wn.com/Clay_Aiken -
Clémence Poésy
http://wn.com/Clémence_Poésy -
Colin Mochrie
Colin Andrew Mochrie (; born November 30, 1957) is a Scottish Canadian actor and improvisational comedian, most famous for his appearances on the British and US versions of television improvisation show Whose Line Is It Anyway?.
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Cypher Zero
Cypher Zero (born November 30, 1976 in Evanston, Illinois) is a circus proprietor and producer, entrepreneur, and educator. Zero began his career as a performer in 1995.
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Daniel Keys Moran
:Not to be confused with Daniel Keyes.
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David Berkoff
David Charles Berkoff (born November 30, 1966 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) is a former backstroke swimmer from the United States, who won a total number of four Olympic medals during his career. He is best known for his powerful underwater start, the eponymous "Berkoff Blastoff." His brother, Kevin Berkoff, lives in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and works as Head Coach of William Penn Charter School's Swim team.
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David Laws
David Anthony Laws (born 30 November 1965) is a British politician. He is Liberal Democrat Member of Parliament for Yeovil and former Chief Secretary to the Treasury.
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David Mamet
David Alan Mamet (; born November 30, 1947) is an American author, essayist, playwright, screenwriter, and film director.
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Des'ree
http://wn.com/Des'ree -
Desi Arnaz
http://wn.com/Desi_Arnaz -
Dian Parkinson
Dian Parkinson (born Dianna Lynn Batts on November 30, 1944 in Jacksonville, North Carolina) is a former American model and hostess on The Price Is Right.
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Dick Clark
Richard Wagstaff "Dick" Clark (born November 30, 1929) is an American businessman; game-show host; and radio and television personality. He served as chairman and chief executive officer of Dick Clark Productions, which he has sold part of in recent years. Clark is best known for hosting long-running television shows such as American Bandstand, five versions of the game show Pyramid, and ''Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve''.
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Dimitrios Valvis
http://wn.com/Dimitrios_Valvis -
Dougie Poynter
Dougie Lee Poynter (born 30 November 1987 in Essex, England) is an English musician who is the bass guitarist and vocalist for the British pop rock band McFly who along with fellow band members Danny Jones, Tom Fletcher and Harry Judd rose to fame after the release of their first single, "Five Colours in Her Hair", which reached #1 in the charts as did their following debut album Room on the Third Floor. McFly were signed to Island Records before creating their own Indie label, Super Records in December 2007. Poynter is the band's youngest member having joined the band at the age of 15.
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Edmund Ironside
http://wn.com/Edmund_Ironside -
Edward John Eyre
Edward John Eyre (5 August 1815 30 November 1901) was an English land explorer of the Australian continent, colonial administrator, and a controversial Governor of Jamaica.
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Elhadi Adam
Elhadi Adam Elhadi (), or Al-Hadi Adam Al-Hadi (1927-30 November 2006), was a Sudanese writer and song writer born in El-Helalelih village, Al Jazirah State in central Sudan on the bank of the Blue Nile. He is buried in El-Helalelih.
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Elliott Blackstone
Elliott R. Blackstone (November 30, 1924 - October 25, 2006), a sergeant in the San Francisco Police Department, was a longtime advocate for the lesbian, gay and transgender community in that city.
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Emil Steiner
Emil Gregory Steiner (born November 30, 1978) is an American novelist, and journalist who currently writes and edits The League [http://views.washingtonpost.com/theleague/] -- washingtonpost.com's NFL discussion platform. He has also served as the offbeat news blogger for The Washington Post and as a contributor to MSNBC, Washington Post Radio, NPR, CNN, WPHT and the BBC.
http://wn.com/Emil_Steiner -
Engin Arık
http://wn.com/Engin_Arık -
Ernst Chladni
http://wn.com/Ernst_Chladni -
Etty Hillesum
http://wn.com/Etty_Hillesum -
Evel Knievel
http://wn.com/Evel_Knievel -
Ferdinand Ries
Ferdinand Ries (Bonn, baptised November 28, 1784 – Frankfurt am Main, January 13, 1838) was a German composer.
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Fernando Pessoa
http://wn.com/Fernando_Pessoa -
Francis Picabia
http://wn.com/Francis_Picabia -
Francisco Sandaza
http://wn.com/Francisco_Sandaza -
Frank Ifield
Francis Edward Ifield (born 30 November 1937) is an early Australian-English easy listening and country music singer. He achieved considerable success in the early 1960s, especially in the UK Singles Chart, where he had four Number 1 hits between 1962 and 1963.
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Franz Xaver Gerl
Franz Xaver Gerl (1764 1827) was a bass singer and composer of the classical era. He sang the role of Sarastro in the premiere of Mozart's opera The Magic Flute.
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Gael García Bernal
http://wn.com/Gael_García_Bernal -
Garry Gross
Garry Gross is an American photographer who specializes in dog portraiture.
http://wn.com/Garry_Gross -
Gary Lineker
Gary Winston Lineker, OBE (born 30 November 1960) is a former English footballer, who played as a striker. He is a sports broadcaster for the BBC, Al Jazeera Sports and Eredivisie Live. He remains England's top scorer in the FIFA World Cup finals, with 10 goals.
http://wn.com/Gary_Lineker -
Gary Ridgway
Gary Leon Ridgway (born February 18, 1949), known as the Green River Killer, is an American serial killer. Ridgway murdered numerous women in Washington during the 1980s and 1990s. He strangled them, mostly with his arm, but he would also use ligatures. After strangling the women, he would dump their bodies throughout King County.
http://wn.com/Gary_Ridgway -
George Glas
http://wn.com/George_Glas -
Gertrude Ederle
MedalCountry|the
http://wn.com/Gertrude_Ederle -
Gordon Liu
http://wn.com/Gordon_Liu -
Graham Crowden
Graham Crowden (born 30 November 1922) is a Scottish actor.
http://wn.com/Graham_Crowden -
Gregory of Tours
Saint Gregory of Tours (November 30, c. 538 – November 17, 594) was a Gallo-Roman historian and Bishop of Tours, which made him a leading prelate of Gaul. He was born Georgius Florentius, later adding the name Gregorius in honour of his maternal great-grandfather. He wrote in an ungrammatical and barbarized style of late Latin; however, it has been argued that this was a deliberate ploy to ensure his works would reach a wide audience. He is the main contemporary source for Merovingian history. His most notable work was his Decem Libri Historiarum or Ten Books of Histories, better known as the Historia Francorum ("History of the Franks"), a title given to it by later chroniclers, but he is also known for his credulous accounts of the miracles of saints, especially four books of the miracles of Martin of Tours. St Martin's tomb was a major draw in the 6th century, and Gregory's writings had the practical aspect of promoting this highly organized devotion.
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Gustaf Dalén
http://wn.com/Gustaf_Dalén -
Guy Debord
Guy Ernest Debord (December 28, 1931 - November 30, 1994) was a French Marxist theorist, writer, filmmaker, hypergraphist and founding member of the groups Lettrist International and Situationist International (SI). He was also briefly a member of Socialisme ou Barbarie.
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Harvey Logan
Harvey Alexander Logan (1867 - June 17, 1904), also known as Kid Curry, was a notorious outlaw and gunman who ran with Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid's infamous Wild Bunch gang. Despite being less well known than his counterparts, he has since been referred to as "the wildest of the Wild Bunch". He killed at least nine law enforcement officers in five different shootings, and another two men in other instances, and was involved in several shootouts with posses and civilians during his outlaw days.
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Henry Birks
Henry Birks (30 November 1840 – 16 April 1928) was a Canadian businessman and founder of Henry Birks and Sons, a chain of high-end Canadian jewellery stores.
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Henry Taube
Professor Henry Taube, Ph.D , M.Sc , B.Sc , FRSC (November 30, 1915 – November 16, 2005) was a Canadian-born American chemist noted for having been awarded the 1983 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for "his work in the mechanisms of electron-transfer reactions, especially in metal complexes." He was the first Canadian-born chemist to win the Nobel Prize. Taube completed his undergraduate and Masters degrees at the University of Saskatchewan, and his Ph.D from the University of California, Berkeley.
http://wn.com/Henry_Taube -
Hubert Wilkins
http://wn.com/Hubert_Wilkins -
Hélène Boucher
http://wn.com/Hélène_Boucher -
Iván Guerrero
http://wn.com/Iván_Guerrero -
Iz the Wiz
http://wn.com/Iz_the_Wiz -
Jack Ging
Jack Lee Ging (born November 30, 1931, in Alva in Woods County in northwestern Oklahoma) is an American actor best known for his role as General Harlan 'Bull' Fullbright in the NBC television series The A-Team.
http://wn.com/Jack_Ging -
Jacques Barzun
Jacques Martin Barzun (born November 30, 1907) is a French-born American historian of ideas and culture.
http://wn.com/Jacques_Barzun -
Jagdish Chandra Bose
http://wn.com/Jagdish_Chandra_Bose -
Jamie Ashdown
Jamie Lawrence Ashdown (born 30 November 1980 in Reading, England) is an English footballer who is currently at Portsmouth where he plays as a goalkeeper.
http://wn.com/Jamie_Ashdown -
Jason Pominville
Jason John Pominville (born November 30, 1982) is a Canadian-born American professional ice hockey right winger, an alternate captain of the Buffalo Sabres of the National Hockey League (NHL).
http://wn.com/Jason_Pominville -
Jason Reso
http://wn.com/Jason_Reso -
Jean Eustache
:Jean Eustache was also the name of a 17th century French organ maker.
http://wn.com/Jean_Eustache -
Jean Parker
http://wn.com/Jean_Parker -
Jimmy London
Jimmy London (b. Trevor Shaw, 30 November 1949, Saint Catherine Parish, Jamaica) is a reggae singer who first recorded in the late 1960s, and achieved chart success both in Jamaica and the United Kingdom in the early and mid-1970s.
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Joachim Albertini
Joachim Albertini or Gioacchino Albertini (30 November 1748, Pesaro - 27 March 1812, Warsaw) was an Italian-born composer, who spent most of his life in Poland. His opera Don Juan albo Ukarany libertyn (Don Juan, or the Libertine Penalized) was performed in the 1780s with both Italian and Polish libretti.
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Joan Ganz Cooney
Joan Ganz Cooney (born November 30, 1929) is an American television producer. She is one of the founders of the Children's Television Workshop (now known as Sesame Workshop), and the organization famous for the creation of the children's television show Sesame Street. Cooney received her B.A. degree in education from the University of Arizona in 1951.
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Joe B. Hall
Joe Beasman Hall, better known as Joe B. Hall (born November 30, 1928 in Cynthiana, Kentucky) was the head basketball coach at the University of Kentucky from 1972 to 1985. He previously coached at Central Missouri State University and Regis University before returning to UK in 1965 to serve as an assistant coach under Adolph Rupp.
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John Bell Hood
John Bell Hood (June 1 or June 29, 1831 – August 30, 1879) was a Confederate general during the American Civil War. Hood had a reputation for bravery and aggressiveness that sometimes bordered on recklessness. Arguably one of the best brigade and division commanders in the Confederate States Army, Hood became increasingly ineffective as he was promoted to lead larger, independent commands late in the war, and his career was marred by his decisive defeats leading an army in the Atlanta Campaign and the Franklin-Nashville Campaign.
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John Cosin
John Cosin (30 November 1594 – 15 January 1672) was an English churchman.
http://wn.com/John_Cosin -
John Dollond
John Dollond (10 June O.S. (21 June N.S.) 1706 - 30 November 1761) was an English optician, known for his successful optics business and his patenting and commercialization of achromatic doublets.
http://wn.com/John_Dollond -
John II of France
http://wn.com/John_II_of_France -
John Maclean MA
http://wn.com/John_Maclean_MA -
John McCrae
Lieutenant Colonel John Alexander McCrae (November 30, 1872 – January 28, 1918) was a Canadian poet, physician, author, artist and soldier during World War I and a surgeon during the battle of Ypres. He is best known for writing the famous war memorial poem "In Flanders Fields".
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John Moyer
John Moyer (born November 30, 1973) is the current bassist and back up vocalist for the alternative metal band Disturbed, replacing their former bassist Steve "Fuzz" Kmak. Moyer also published Disturbed's third studio album Ten Thousand Fists, their fourth album Indestructible and Disturbed's fifth album Asylum.
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John Selden
John Selden (16 December 1584 – 30 November 1654) was an English jurist, scholar of England's ancient laws and constitution and scholar of Jewish law. He was known as a polymath showing true intellectual depth and breadth; John Milton hailed Selden in 1644 as "the chief of learned men reputed in this land."
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John, Duke of Berry
http://wn.com/John_Duke_of_Berry -
Jonathan Swift
http://wn.com/Jonathan_Swift -
Jordan Farmar
Jordan Robert Farmar (born November 30, 1986) is an American professional basketball point guard for the New Jersey Nets of the NBA. He was previously the backup point guard for the Los Angeles Lakers.
http://wn.com/Jordan_Farmar -
Joël Champetier
http://wn.com/Joël_Champetier -
Jude Ciccolella
Richard Jude Ciccolella (born November 30, 1947), better known as Jude Ciccolella, is an American character actor.
http://wn.com/Jude_Ciccolella -
Juliette Bergmann
Juliette Maria Suzanna Bergmann (born November 30, 1958) is a champion Dutch female bodybuilder, the 2001 Ms. Olympia.
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June
http://wn.com/June -
June Chadwick
June Chadwick (born November 30, 1951 in Warwickshire, England, UK) is an English actress. Her most well-known TV roles are as Lydia in the science fiction TV series V: The Series, and as Lt. Joanna Parisi on the third season of the series Riptide.
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June Pointer
http://wn.com/June_Pointer -
Jushin Liger
, better known as and later, is a Japanese professional wrestler who primarily works for New Japan Pro Wrestling.
http://wn.com/Jushin_Liger -
Jędrzej Śniadecki
http://wn.com/Jędrzej_Śniadecki -
Kaley Cuoco
Kaley Christine Cuoco ( ; born November 30, 1985) is an American film and television actress. She is best known for her roles as Bridget Hennessy on the sitcom 8 Simple Rules, Billie Jenkins on the supernatural drama Charmed, and Penny on the sitcom The Big Bang Theory.
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Kathy Acker
http://wn.com/Kathy_Acker -
Kazumi Saito
is a Japanese professional baseball player. starting pitcher for the Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks. He is a two-time winner of the Eiji Sawamura Award (, ), but has not pitched in a regular season game since October 2007 due to various shoulder injuries.
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Ken Jennings
Kenneth Wayne "Ken" Jennings III (born May 23, 1974) is an American game show contestant. Jennings is notable for holding the record for the longest winning streak on the U.S. syndicated game show Jeopardy! and was the all-time leading money winner on American game shows. In 2004, Jennings won 74 Jeopardy! games before he was defeated by challenger Nancy Zerg on his 75th appearance. His total earnings on Jeopardy! are US $3,022,700 ($2,520,700 over his 74 wins, a $2,000 second-place prize in his 75th appearance, and a $500,000 second-place prize in the Jeopardy! Ultimate Tournament of Champions).
http://wn.com/Ken_Jennings -
Kevin Conroy
Kevin Conroy (born November 30, 1955) is an American actor of stage, screen and voice, best known for his voice role as Batman in numerous animated television series, feature films, and video games that comprised the DC Animated Universe.
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Laurent Jalabert
Cyclist
http://wn.com/Laurent_Jalabert -
Lawrence Summers
Lawrence Henry Summers (born November 30, 1954) is an American economist and as of 2010 Director of the White House National Economic Council for President Barack Obama.
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Lee Klein
Lee Klein (born November 30, 1965) is a poet, curator, essayist, and writer on the arts.
http://wn.com/Lee_Klein -
Lim Chang-jung
Lim Chang-jung (born 30 November 1973 in Icheon, Gyeonggi) is a South Korean actor and singer.
http://wn.com/Lim_Chang-jung -
Lorraine Kelly
Lorraine Kelly (born 30 November 1959 in Glasgow) is a Scottish television presenter and journalist best known as a presenter for GMTV (GMTV with Lorraine) and ITV Breakfast (Lorraine). She currently resides in Broughty Ferry, and London.
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Loudness (band)
is a Japan-based heavy metal band formed in 1981 by guitarist Akira Takasaki and drummer Munetaka Higuchi. They were the first Japanese heavy metal act signed to a major label in the United States, releasing twenty-three studio albums (five in America)
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Lucille Ball
http://wn.com/Lucille_Ball -
Lucy Maud Montgomery
http://wn.com/Lucy_Maud_Montgomery -
Magnus Carlsen
http://wn.com/Magnus_Carlsen -
Mandy Patinkin
Mandel Bruce "Mandy" Patinkin (; November 30, 1952, Chicago, Illinois) is an American actor of stage and screen and a tenor vocalist. Patinkin is a noted interpreter of the music of Stephen Sondheim and is known for his work in musical theatre, originating iconic roles such as George Seurat in Sunday in the Park with George, Archibald Craven in The Secret Garden and Burrs in The Wild Party. He has also appeared in television series such as Chicago Hope, Dead Like Me and the first two seasons of Criminal Minds. His most noted film role was the part of Inigo Montoya in The Princess Bride, and he has also appeared in Alien Nation, Yentl, Men With Guns, Run Ronnie Run, Dick Tracy, and The Adventures of Elmo in Grouchland.
http://wn.com/Mandy_Patinkin -
Marc Goossens
Marc Goossens nicknamed The Goose (born November 30, 1969 in Geel) is a Belgian racecar driver who drove in Formula 3000 from 1994 to 1996 and part-time from 1999 to 2001. In between he drove in endurance races and is a veteran of the 24 Hours of Le Mans. From 2002 to 2005 he then raced in FIA GT. He also finished 9th in his first NASCAR Busch Series start at Autodromo Hermanos Rodriguez in 2006 for Robert Yates Racing. He made his NEXTEL Cup debut in August at Watkins Glen International but crashed out and finished 43rd. He made another NEXTEL Cup start in 2007 in Infineon Raceway. He was running well until a mechanical failure dropped him to 36th.
http://wn.com/Marc_Goossens -
Marco Castro
Marco Castro (born November 30, 1976), in Lima, Peru is an American film director, actor and photographer.
http://wn.com/Marco_Castro -
Margaret Spellings
Margaret Spellings (born November 30, 1957) was the Secretary of Education under the administration of U.S. President George W. Bush and was previously Assistant to the President for Domestic Policy.
http://wn.com/Margaret_Spellings -
Mark Twain
http://wn.com/Mark_Twain -
Medina (singer)
Medina (born Andrea Fuentealba Valbak; November 30, 1982 in Aarhus, Denmark) is a Danish-Chilean dance, R&B; and hip hop singer and songwriter.
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Michael Beschloss
Michael Richard Beschloss (born November 30, 1955) is an American historian. A specialist in the United States presidency, he is the author of nine books.
http://wn.com/Michael_Beschloss -
Michael Cudlitz
Michael Cudlitz (born December 29, 1964) is an American actor. He can be seen in the TNT drama Southland, starring as John Cooper, and the HBO miniseries Band of Brothers as Sgt. Denver "Bull" Randleman.
http://wn.com/Michael_Cudlitz -
Michael Jackson
http://wn.com/Michael_Jackson -
Mika Salo
Mika Juhani Salo (born November 30, 1966 in Helsinki) is a Finnish racing driver. He competed in Formula One between and . His best ranking was 10th in the world championship in 1999. He also won the GT2 class in the 2008 and 2009 24 Hours of Le Mans.
http://wn.com/Mika_Salo -
Munetaka Higuchi
(December 24, 1958 - November 30, 2008) was the original drummer of the Japanese heavy metal band, Loudness.
http://wn.com/Munetaka_Higuchi -
Muricy Ramalho
Muricy Ramalho (born November 30, 1955) is a Brazilian head coach and former football player. On July 23, 2010 it was reported that he had been offered the post of the coach of the Brazilian national football team, replacing the sacked Dunga. However, Fluminense, his current team, refused to release him for the job.
http://wn.com/Muricy_Ramalho -
Mutesa II of Buganda
Major General Sir Edward Frederick William David Walugembe Mutebi Luwangula Mutesa II KBE (November 19, 1924 – November 21, 1969), was Kabaka of the Kingdom of Buganda from November 22, 1939 until his death. He was the thirty-fifth Kabaka of Buganda and the first President of Uganda. He was known as King (or Kabaka) Freddie.
http://wn.com/Mutesa_II_of_Buganda -
Nigel de Jong
Nigel de Jong (; born 30 November 1984) is a footballer who plays for Premier League club Manchester City and the Netherlands national team. The defensive midfielder joined the famous Ajax youth academy as a youngster and worked his way through the ranks to make the first team at age seventeen. Two years later, he made his international debut, in an international career that resulted in a 2010 World Cup runner-up medal.
http://wn.com/Nigel_de_Jong -
Nishinoumi Kajirō I
http://wn.com/Nishinoumi_Kajirō_I -
Norman Deeley
http://wn.com/Norman_Deeley -
Oliver Winchester
Oliver Fisher Winchester (November 30, 1810 – December 11, 1880) was an American businessman and politician.
http://wn.com/Oliver_Winchester -
Olivier Schoenfelder
Olivier Schoenfelder (born November 30, 1977 in Belfort, France) is a French ice dancer. With partner Isabelle Delobel, he won the 2008 World championships, the 2007 European championships and the 2008 Grand Prix Final.
http://wn.com/Olivier_Schoenfelder -
Oscar Wilde
http://wn.com/Oscar_Wilde -
Patrick Kavanagh
Patrick Kavanagh () (21 October 1904 – 30 November 1967) was an Irish poet and novelist. He is regarded as one of the foremost poets of the 20th Century, and his best known works include the novel Tarry Flynn and the poems Raglan Road and the critically acclaimed The Great Hunger. His work can best be categorised as accounts of Irish life and which achieved a universal appeal through reference to commonplace.
http://wn.com/Patrick_Kavanagh -
Pavel Nakhimov
Pavel Stepanovich Nakhimov (; – was one of the most famous admirals in Russian naval history, best remembered as the commander of naval and land forces during the Siege of Sevastopol during the Crimean War.
http://wn.com/Pavel_Nakhimov -
Perrey Reeves
Perrey Reeves (born November 30, 1970) is an American film and television actress best known for her role on HBO's Entourage.
http://wn.com/Perrey_Reeves -
Peter Hofmann
Peter Hofmann (b. 22 August 1944, Marienbad)
http://wn.com/Peter_Hofmann -
Philip Sidney
Sir Philip Sidney (30 November 1554 – 17 October 1586) became one of the Elizabethan Age's most prominent figures. Famous in his day in England as a poet, courtier and soldier, he remains to be known as the author of Astrophel and Stella (1581, pub. 1591), The Defence of Poetry (also known as The Defence of Poesy or An Apology for Poetry, 1581, pub. 1595), and ''The Countess of Pembroke's Arcadia'' (1580, pub. 1590).
http://wn.com/Philip_Sidney -
Pierre Berton
:For other people with the same name, see Pierre Berton (disambiguation).''
http://wn.com/Pierre_Berton -
Radu Lupu
Radu Lupu (born November 30, 1945) is a Romanian concert pianist. He has won a number of the most prestigious awards in classical piano, including first prizes in the Van Cliburn International Piano Competition and the Leeds International Pianoforte Competition.
http://wn.com/Radu_Lupu -
Rafael Buenaventura
http://wn.com/Rafael_Buenaventura -
Raizō Tanaka
was a rear admiral in the Imperial Japanese Navy (I.J.N.) during most of World War II. A specialist in the heavy torpedoes that were carried by all the destroyers and cruisers of the I.J.N., Tanaka mainly commanded destroyer squadrons, with a cruiser or two attached, and he was the primary leader of the "Tokyo Express" reinforcement and resupply shipments during the long campaign for the island of Guadalcanal in the Solomon Islands of the South Pacific Ocean. In his command capacity, Tanaka faced the surface task forces of the U.S. Navy and its few New Zealander allies many time, often achieving either a victory over, or a stalemate with, often larger enemy squadrons, mostly in night battles. From the Americans, Tanaka acquired the nickname of "Tenaceous Tanaka" for his stalwart opposition.
http://wn.com/Raizō_Tanaka -
Rajiv Dixit
Rajiv Dixit is an Indian scientist, orator, and and one of the leaders of the modern Swadeshi movement in India. He started various movements in order to spread awareness among the people on various topics of Indian national interests through the Swadeshi Movement, Bharat Bachav Andolan, and various other works. Currently he is working as National Secretory of Bharat Swabhiman Andolan, which was started by Yog Rishi Swami Ramdev He is a strong believer and preacher of Bharatiyata (Indianism). He had also worked in spreading awareness about Indian history and issues in the Indian constitution and Indian economic policies. He is knowledgeable about economics and issues of corruption in India, and has criticized Indian politicians for corrupt behavior.
http://wn.com/Rajiv_Dixit -
Ray Durham
Ray Durham (born November 30, 1971 in ), nicknamed The Sugarman, is a Major League Baseball second baseman.
http://wn.com/Ray_Durham -
Reuvein Margolies
http://wn.com/Reuvein_Margolies -
Rich Fields
http://wn.com/Rich_Fields -
Richard Barbieri
Richard Barbieri, (pronounced bahr-bee-air-ee) (born 30 November 1957, in London, England) is an English synthesizer player, keyboardist and composer. He was educated at Catford Boys' School, Catford, South East London. Originally coming to prominence in the late-1970s and early-1980s as a member of new wave pioneers Japan (and their brief 1989-1990 reincarnation as Rain Tree Crow), he is now best known as the keyboard player in the rock band Porcupine Tree, of which he has been a member since 1993.
http://wn.com/Richard_Barbieri -
Richard Burr
Richard Mauze Burr (born November 30, 1955) is the senior United States Senator from North Carolina. A Republican, Burr represented North Carolina's 5th congressional district in the United States House of Representatives for five terms, and was elected to represent North Carolina as a U.S. Senator in the 2004 election. He defeated the Democratic Party nominee, former White House Chief of Staff Erskine Bowles, in the open seat contest. With the 2008 election of Kay Hagan (D), Burr became North Carolina's senior senator.
http://wn.com/Richard_Burr -
Richard Farrant
Richard Farrant (c. 1530 – 30 November 1580) was a composer of English church music, also a choirmaster, playwright and theatrical producer noted for creating the Blackfriars Theatre that hosted children's companies.
http://wn.com/Richard_Farrant -
Ridley Scott
Sir Ridley Scott (born 30 November 1937) is an English film director and producer known for his stylish visuals and an obsession for detail. His films include The Duellists (1977), Alien (1979), Blade Runner (1982), Legend (1985), Thelma & Louise (1991), Gladiator (2000), Black Hawk Down (2001), Hannibal (2001), Kingdom of Heaven (2005), American Gangster (2007), Body of Lies (2008), and Robin Hood (2010).
http://wn.com/Ridley_Scott -
Robert Griffith
Robert (Griff) Otis Griffith (born November 30, 1970 in Lanham, Maryland) is a former American football strong safety in the National Football League. He played thirteen seasons in the league, mostly for the Minnesota Vikings from 1994 to 2001. He also played three seasons with the Cleveland Browns, and two seasons with the Arizona Cardinals, In 2008 he retired as a member of the Minnesota Vikings. Robert also served as an Executive Member of the NFLPA (National Football League Player's Association) for six years. Currently Griff is CEO and Chairman of Matador Enterprises Inc., a partner in Lone Wolf Media, owner of Nico's Steakhouse in Chula Vista, CA, and Director of Pro Personnel for the UFL (United Football League) Sacramento Mountain Lions.
http://wn.com/Robert_Griffith -
Robert Nighthawk
Robert Lee McCollum (November 30, 1909 – November 5, 1967) was an American blues musician who played and recorded under the pseudonyms Robert Lee McCoy and Robert Nighthawk.
http://wn.com/Robert_Nighthawk -
Roger Glover
Roger David Glover (born 30 November 1945 in Brecon) is a Welsh bassist, keyboardist, songwriter, and record producer. Glover is best known as the bassist and songwriter for rock band Deep Purple.
http://wn.com/Roger_Glover -
Ron Ziegler
Ronald Louis "Ron" Ziegler (May 12, 1939 – February 10, 2003) was White House Press Secretary and Assistant to the President during United States President Richard Nixon's administration.
http://wn.com/Ron_Ziegler -
Saint Andrew
http://wn.com/Saint_Andrew -
Samuel Chase
http://wn.com/Samuel_Chase -
Seung Sahn
http://wn.com/Seung_Sahn -
Shane Victorino
Shane Patrick Victorino (born November 30, 1980 in Wailuku, Hawaii) is an outfielder in Major League Baseball who plays for the Philadelphia Phillies. He is a switch-hitter and throws right-handed.
http://wn.com/Shane_Victorino -
Shuggie Otis
Shuggie Otis (born Johnny Alexander Veliotes on November 30, 1953) is an American R&B;, soul, rock, blues, and funk singer-songwriter, record producer, and multi-instrumentalist. His composition "Strawberry Letter 23", covered by The Brothers Johnson, topped the Billboard R&B; chart and reached the top five of the Billboard Hot 100 chart in 1977. His 1975 single "Inspiration Information" reached number fifty-six on the R&B; chart.
http://wn.com/Shuggie_Otis -
Simon Carmiggelt
http://wn.com/Simon_Carmiggelt -
Sir Arthur Currie
http://wn.com/Sir_Arthur_Currie -
Stacey Q
Stacey Q (born Stacey Lynn Swain) is a pop singer, dancer and actress. She is best known for her 1986 hit single "Two of Hearts".
http://wn.com/Stacey_Q -
Steve Aoki
Steve Aoki (born November 30, 1977) is an American electro house musician, record producer and the founder of Dim Mak Records.
http://wn.com/Steve_Aoki -
Stretch (rapper)
Randy Walker (August 21, 1968 — November 30, 1995), better known by his stage name Stretch.
http://wn.com/Stretch_(rapper) -
Stuart Baird
Stuart Baird (born 30 November 1947) is an Academy Award-nominated English film editor, producer, and director who is mainly associated with action films. He has edited over twenty major motion pictures.
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Terrence Malick
Terrence Malick (born November 30, 1943) is an American filmmaker, screenwriter, and producer. In a career spanning decades, Malick has directed four feature films.
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Theodor Mommsen
Christian Matthias Theodor Mommsen (30 November 1817 – 1 November 1903) was a German classical scholar, historian, jurist, journalist, politician, archaeologist, and writer generally regarded as the greatest classicist of the 19th century. His work regarding Roman history is still of fundamental importance for contemporary research. He received the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1902, and was also a prominent German politician, as a member of the Prussian and German parliaments. His works on Roman law and on the law of obligations had a significant impact on the German civil code (BGB).
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Theodore Gardelle
Theodore Gardelle (November 30, 1722 – April 4, 1761) was a Swiss painter and enameller.
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Thomas Weelkes
Thomas Weelkes (baptised 25 October 1576 – 30 November 1623) was an English composer and organist. He became organist of Winchester College in 1598, moving to Chichester Cathedral. His works are chiefly vocal, and include madrigals, anthems and services.
http://wn.com/Thomas_Weelkes -
Tim Woods
http://wn.com/Tim_Woods -
Tony Giarratano
Anthony James Giarratano (born November 30, 1982, in Queens, New York) is a former Major League Baseball shortstop.
http://wn.com/Tony_Giarratano -
Vasilisa Bardina
Vasilisa Alekseyevna Bardina (, born November 30, 1987) is a Russian professional tennis player.
http://wn.com/Vasilisa_Bardina -
Vietnam War
http://wn.com/Vietnam_War -
Virginia Mayo
Virginia Mayo (November 30, 1920 – January 17, 2005) was an American film actress.
http://wn.com/Virginia_Mayo -
Vladislav Polyakov
Vlad Polyakov (born November 30, 1983 in Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Kamchatka Krai, Russia) is an Olympic breaststroke swimmer from Kazakhstan. He swam for his native country at the 2004 and 2008 Olympics.
http://wn.com/Vladislav_Polyakov -
Vlassis Bonatsos
Vlassis Bonatsos (born November 30, 1949, Xylokastro - died October 14, 2004, Athens)
http://wn.com/Vlassis_Bonatsos -
Wil Mara
Wil Mara (born November 30, 1966 an American author of more than eighty books, covering a variety of topics and genres for people of all ages. He has produced works of both fiction and nonfiction, including numerous biographies for young readers, plus several novels for adults. One, Wave, which was released in 2005, chronicles a coastal island community's reaction to an oncoming tsunami.. The book eventually became a critical and commercial success, winning the 2005 New Jersey Notable Book Award and establishing Mara as a valid author of popular international fiction. In October 2006, St. Martin's Press published The Draft, the first in Mara's series of 'NFL novels.' The second book in this group, The Cut, was published on October 16, 2007.
http://wn.com/Wil_Mara -
Wilhelm Furtwängler
http://wn.com/Wilhelm_Furtwängler -
William Livingston
http://wn.com/William_Livingston -
William Melling
http://wn.com/William_Melling -
Winston Churchill
http://wn.com/Winston_Churchill -
Yuri Chinen
, is a Japanese actor,talent and singer as well as member of Hey! Say! JUMP. He is under the management of Johnny & Associates. He was born in Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka Prefecture and lives in the Tokyo Metropolitan Area. Also known as "the little giant". He also express a big admiration towards Arashi leader, Satoshi Ohno.
http://wn.com/Yuri_Chinen -
Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto
http://wn.com/Zulfiqar_Ali_Bhutto
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TimesCast - November 30, 2010
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:11
- Published: 30 Nov 2010
- Updated: 31 Jan 2012
Executive Editor Bill Keller discusses the reaction to the leaked diplomatic cables; a report on living conditions of Mexico's mentally disabled; and encouraging physical fitness for infants. Watch more videos at nytimes.com/video.
http://wn.com/TimesCast_November_30,_2010
Modern Warfare 3 Keygen - MW3 Serial Download [Update Nov 30.
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:52
- Published: 08 Jul 2012
- Updated: 08 Jul 2012
filesmy.com
http://wn.com/Modern_Warfare_3_Keygen_MW3_Serial_Download_Update_Nov_30
Episode 30 - 11th November 2011
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 42:10
- Published: 11 Nov 2011
- Updated: 08 Jul 2012
Based in the beautiful locales of Lucknow and on the backdrop of a hospital setting, KTLK is a different love story between two very different people with a substanital age gap.The show highlights the nuances of a complicated relationship when people with a huge age difference fall in love.Kuch Toh Log Kahenge' is a heartwarming love story between people from two different generations:a young, spirited Dr. Nidhi Verma [age 24] and a brooding and handsome Dr. Ashutosh [age 38]. The duo share a connection from the past which they are blissfully unaware of.Will Nidhi be able to break in through the fort that Ashutosh has built around himself? What happens when both their pasts come to haunt them and pitch them against each other?
http://wn.com/Episode_30_11th_November_2011
Comedy Circus Ka Naya Daur - Episode 30 - 19th November 2011
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 42:56
- Published: 19 Nov 2011
- Updated: 11 Jul 2012
After 4 years and 12 successful seasons, the veterans of Comedy Circus now pair up with fresh talent.This season sees a veteran paired with a celeb mentoring a team with a new talent and a celeb. The eliminations will be on the cumulative score of the veteran team and the new team.Unusual and rib tickling combination of the old and new talent , comedy and antics making for the perfect weekend viewing.
http://wn.com/Comedy_Circus_Ka_Naya_Daur_Episode_30_19th_November_2011
Episode 30 - 11th November 2011
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 20:11
- Published: 11 Nov 2011
- Updated: 31 Jan 2012
Don't worry Chachu is a story of Chintan Poppatlal Desai and his joint family...A family which has unique and strange characters ...the story revolves around the reactions and interactions of all the members of this Desai family...Chintan Poppatlal Desai is an extremely good hearted man who has become over concerned due to his family...He has been sandwhiched between his strict father , the responsibilities of a joint family and raising his brothers' kids...somewhere his concern and love has turned into his hyper nature over the years...his wife Niti Chintan Desai compliments him with her chilled out nature....
http://wn.com/Episode_30_11th_November_2011
IGDaily - Techno, Leavings and Award Shows! - 11/30/11
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:02
- Published: 01 Dec 2011
- Updated: 03 Jul 2012
www.youtube.com Click here to watch yesterday's IGDaily! IGDaily - Techno, Leavings and Award Shows! - 11/30/11 Techno, leavings and award shows. This is what you get when you find a stranger in the alps. The Last Guardian: Will send momentarily Inside Gaming Awards: www.insidegamingdaily.co...
http://wn.com/IGDaily_Techno,_Leavings_and_Award_Shows!_11_30_11
Victoria's Secret - Making of an Angel
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:23
- Published: 24 Nov 2010
- Updated: 11 Jul 2012
Find out what it takes to be an a Victoria's Secret Angel. The Victoria Secret Fashion Show airs November 30, at 10pm only on CBS.
http://wn.com/Victoria's_Secret_Making_of_an_Angel
Tupac Featuring Notorious BIG "Runnin' (Dying To Live)"
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:56
- Published: 05 Jan 2009
- Updated: 13 Jul 2012
See Music Videos www.bvmtv.com that you CAN'T See on You Tube! even some X RATED music videos! +Live Chat and Embed video codes. On the night of November 30, 1994, the day before the verdict in his sexual abuse trial was to be announced, Shakur was shot five times and robbed after entering the lobby of Quad Recording Studios in Manhattan by two armed men in army fatigues. He would later accuse Sean Combs, Andre Harrell, and Biggie Smalls — whom he saw after the shooting — of setting him up. Shakur also suspected his close friend and associate, Randy "Stretch" Walker, of being involved in the attempt. According to the doctors at Bellevue Hospital, where he was admitted immediately following the incident, Shakur had received five bullet wounds; twice in the head, twice in the groin and once through the arm and thigh. He checked out of the hospital, against doctor's orders, three hours after surgery. In the day that followed, Shakur entered the courthouse in a wheelchair and was found guilty of three counts of molestation, but innocent of six others, including sodomy. On November 30, 1995, exactly one year to the day of the shooting, Stretch was killed in an execution-style murder in Queens. On March 27, 2008, the LA Times issued an apology to Combs for blaming him for having a role in the '94 attack on Shakur. The article stated that Shakur was led to the studio by Biggie's associates to gun him down to make favor with Biggie. The newspaper relied on forged documents that <b>...</b>
http://wn.com/Tupac_Featuring_Notorious_BIG_Runnin'_Dying_To_Live
The Sorcerer's Apprentice - "Secrets" by OneRepublic
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:46
- Published: 13 Jul 2010
- Updated: 13 Jul 2012
Order now: bit.ly The Sorcerer's Apprentice available on (Three-Disc Blu-ray/DVD Combo + Digital Copy) November 30, 2010 Become a fan on Facebook: facebook.com Dave (Jay Baruchel) is just an average college student, or so it appears, until the sorcerer Balthazar Blake (Nicolas Cage) recruits him as his reluctant protégé and gives him a crash course in the art and science of magic. As he prepares for a battle against the forces of darkness in modern-day Manhattan, Dave finds it is going to take all of the courage he can muster to survive his training, save the city and get the girl as he becomes THE SORCERER'S APPRENTICE.
http://wn.com/The_Sorcerer's_Apprentice_Secrets_by_OneRepublic
Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah 11/30/11
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 18:03
- Published: 30 Nov 2011
- Updated: 07 Jul 2012
The show is inspired from the famous humorous column 'Duniya Ne Undha Chasma' written by the eminent Gujarati writer Mr. Tarak Mehta. This story evolves around happenings in "Gokuldham Co-operative Society" and covers topical issues which are socially relevant.The show predominantly - Promoolves around 'Jethalaal' (Dilip Joshi) who is an uneducated Gujarati businessman. Your 'Taarak Mehta' (Sailesh Lodha), is his neighbour. 'Jethalaal' finds a friend and philosopher in 'Taarak Mehta' and often goes to him for advice whenever he is in trouble. Jethalaal's family includes his simpleton wife 'Daya Ben' (Disha Wakani) and a mischievous son 'Tapu' (Bhavya Gandhi). Tapu is a menace and a constant source of trouble to all the members of Gokuldham. They have often warned 'Jethalaal' to reform 'Tapu' or else be prepared to leave the premises. Lost hopes of being heard by his son pushes Jethalaal' to call his father 'Champaklal' (Amit Bhatt) from the village. This was his great idea of leashing some control over the mischievous Tapu. The opposite happens and the grandfather joins hands with the grandson to make life a roller coaster troublesome ride for Jethalaal.
http://wn.com/Taarak_Mehta_Ka_Ooltah_Chashmah_11_30_11
Justin Bieber - Somebody To Love Remix ft. Usher
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:39
- Published: 16 Jun 2010
- Updated: 13 Jul 2012
Music video by Justin Bieber performing Somebody To Love Remix. (C) 2010 The Island Def Jam Music Group #VEVOCertified on November 30, 2010. www.youtube.com
http://wn.com/Justin_Bieber_Somebody_To_Love_Remix_ft_Usher
My Wish
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:03
- Published: 30 Nov 2006
- Updated: 13 Jul 2012
Traxxas XO-1 - The World's Fastest Ready-To-Race Supercar. 100+mph top speed!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:30
- Published: 30 Nov 2011
- Updated: 13 Jul 2012
Traxxas XO-1 - The World's Fastest Ready-To-Race Supercar. 0-60mph in 2.3 seconds! 0-100mph in under 5 seconds! Learn more about the XO-1's TQi transmitter and the Traxxas Link application here: www.youtube.com
http://wn.com/Traxxas_XO-1_The_World's_Fastest_Ready-To-Race_Supercar_100+mph_top_speed!
ZOMBIE APOCALYPSE!!! Live Streams 11/30/11
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 337:54
- Published: 29 Nov 2011
- Updated: 29 Jun 2012
BEST KILLS EVER: www.youtube.com FACEBOOK: www.facebook.com TWITTER: www.twitter.com
http://wn.com/ZOMBIE_APOCALYPSE!!!_Live_Streams_11_30_11
Otto e mezzo 30/11/11
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 29:39
- Published: 08 Dec 2011
- Updated: 30 Mar 2012
'BANCHE SENZA SOLDI'. Il presidente della Bnl Luigi Abete e Oscar Giannino sono oggi gli ospiti di Lilli Gruber. All'interno, la rubrica Il Punto a cura di Paolo Pagliaro, autore del programma assieme a Gruber.
http://wn.com/Otto_e_mezzo_30_11_11
IGN Daily Fix, 11-30: Ubisoft News & PSPgo Price Cuts
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:38
- Published: 01 Dec 2009
- Updated: 06 Jul 2012
A new POP game is announced, Splinter Cell: Conviction will have co-op multiplayer, and UK stores cut the price on the PSPgo. See more IGN videos at video.ign.com
http://wn.com/IGN_Daily_Fix,_11-30_Ubisoft_News_PSPgo_Price_Cuts
One Direction Songs
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 52:51
- Published: 30 Nov 2011
- Updated: 13 Jul 2012
Before you said Moments, Stand Up and I should have kissed you isn't on it, i know i had a bit of uploading trouble :P. What Makes You Beautiful 0:00 Na Na Na 3:25 Another World 6:35 Gotta Be You 10:05 One Thing 14:10 More Than This 17:30 Up All Night 21:20 I Wish 24:35 Tell Me A Lie 28:15 Taken 31:35 I Want 35:35 Everything About You 38:30 Same Mistakes 42:10 Save You Tonight 45:50 Stole My Heart 49:20
http://wn.com/One_Direction_Songs
Aaja Nachle
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 137:20
- Published: 29 Mar 2011
- Updated: 05 Jul 2012
An unexpected phone call shakes Dia (Madhuri Dixit) out of her dance rehearsal in New York. Her teacher, her guru, is dying and she must return to India. The town where she grew up, the town where she learnt to live and to dance. Also the town she left on an impulse, severing ties with her parents and her people. It is a poignant and troubled return; not only has her guru passed away but the institution that he so lovingly nurtured is in decay and under threat of demolition. Ajanta theatre, the once vibrant hub of the community, the place where Dia's fondest memories are embedded must now be brought down because the local political authorities feel it a waste of prime real estate. Dia picks up the gauntlet to turn this ruin into a vibrant and bustling theatre that was once the soul of her little town, while fighting discrimination, resentfulness and her own demons.
http://wn.com/Aaja_Nachle
News Edition in Albanian Language - Vizion Plus - 2011 - November 30 - 15:00
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 30:40
- Published: 30 Nov 2011
- Updated: 13 Mar 2012
Main events of the day in Albanian Language News Edition
http://wn.com/News_Edition_in_Albanian_Language_Vizion_Plus_2011_November_30_1500
The Force Feed - Iran Bans BF3 and EA vs Activision/Blizzard (The Force Feed: Nov 29th)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:05
- Published: 30 Nov 2011
- Updated: 04 Jul 2012
Force Strategy Gaming presents: The Force Feed No BF3 in Iran: www.industrygamers.com Kotick questions SWTOR profitability: www.gamasutra.com Terrifying Future of Online Pass Codes: www.gameinformer.com Force Strategy Gaming: www.youtube.com www.ForceStrategyGaming.com Force Strategy Gaming Your premier location for strategies and tutorials to the games you love! Intro by Zach Booth www.youtube.com
http://wn.com/The_Force_Feed_Iran_Bans_BF3_and_EA_vs_Activision_Blizzard_The_Force_Feed_Nov_29th
![Katy Perry - Teenage Dream + Hot N Cold (Victoria's Secret 2010) Medley [HD]](http://web.archive.org./web/20120722074817im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/C80BoQiadPo/0.jpg "Katy Perry - Teenage Dream + Hot N Cold (Victoria's Secret 2010) Medley [HD]")
Katy Perry - Teenage Dream + Hot N Cold (Victoria's Secret 2010) Medley [HD]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:27
- Published: 02 Dec 2010
- Updated: 12 Jul 2012
Medley ¨* Teenage Dream + Hot N Cold + California Gurls ¨* Victoria's Secret Fashion Show 2010 — New York City (30.11.10) ¨* ©CBS
http://wn.com/Katy_Perry_Teenage_Dream_+_Hot_N_Cold_Victoria's_Secret_2010_Medley_HD_
Aaja Nachle - Title Song
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:46
- Published: 10 Apr 2009
- Updated: 13 Jul 2012
Release Date: 30 November 2007 Genre: Drama Run Time: 147 Mins Starring: Madhuri Dixit, Konkona Sen, Kunal Kapoor Lyrics: Jaideep Sahni & Piyush Mishra Music: Salim - Sulaiman Producer: Aditya Chopra Directed By: Anil Mehta An unexpected phone call shakes Dia (Madhuri Dixit) out of her dance rehearsal in New York. Her teacher, her guru, is dying and she must return to India. The town where she grew up, the town where she learnt to live and to dance. Also the town she left on an impulse, severing ties with her parents and her people. It is a poignant and troubled return; not only has her guru passed away but the institution that he so lovingly nurtured is in decay and under threat of demolition. Ajanta theatre, the once vibrant hub of the community, the place where Dia's fondest memories are embedded must now be brought down because the local political authorities feel it a waste of prime real estate. Dia picks up the gauntlet to turn this ruin into a vibrant and bustling theatre that was once the soul of her little town, while fighting discrimination, resentfulness and her own demons.
http://wn.com/Aaja_Nachle_Title_Song
O Re Piya - Song -Aaja Nachle - Madhuri Dixit
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 11:53
- Published: 30 May 2011
- Updated: 10 Jul 2012
Release Date: 30 November 2007 Genre: Drama Run Time: 147 Mins Starring: Madhuri Dixit, Konkona Sen, Kunal Kapoor Lyrics: Jaideep Sahni & Piyush Mishra Music: Salim - Sulaiman Producer: Aditya Chopra Directed By: Anil Mehta SYNOPSIS: An unexpected phone call shakes Dia (Madhuri Dixit) out of her dance rehearsal in New York. Her teacher, her guru, is dying and she must return to India. The town where she grew up, the town where she learnt to live and to dance. Also the town she left on an impulse, severing ties with her parents and her people. It is a poignant and troubled return; not only has her guru passed away but the institution that he so lovingly nurtured is in decay and under threat of demolition. Ajanta theatre, the once vibrant hub of the community, the place where Dias fondest memories are embedded must now be brought down because the local political authorities feel it a waste of prime real estate. Dia picks up the gauntlet to turn this ruin into a vibrant and bustling theatre that was once the soul of her little town, while fighting discrimination, resentfulness and her own demons.
http://wn.com/O_Re_Piya_Song_-Aaja_Nachle_Madhuri_Dixit
Public Domain
Creative Commons / John D.
USAF / Airman 1st Class Perry
AP / Christian Lutz
PIB of India
WN / Imran Nissar
WN / Imran Nissar
WN / Imran Nissar
WN / Imran Nissar
WN / Imran Nissar
WN / Imran Nissar
AP / Saurabh Das
Creative Commons / Arnold C (User:Buchanan-Hermit)
Creative Commons / Arnold C (User:Buchanan-Hermit)
Creative Commons / Arnold C (User:Buchanan-Hermit)
Creative Commons / Wipsenade
Creative Commons![Born in the Aoyama Palace in Tokyo, Prince Hirohito was the first son of Crown Prince Yoshihito (the future Emperor Taishō) and Crown Princess Sadako (the future Empress Teimei).[2] His childhood title was Prince Michi (迪宮 Michi no miya?). In 1908, he began elementary studies at the Gakushuin (Peers School). Upon the death of his grandfather, Emperor Meiji, on July 30, 1912, Hirohito's father, Yoshihito succeeded him on the throne, he thus became the heir apparent. At the same time, he was forma](http://web.archive.org./web/20120722074817im_/http://cdn5.wn.com/pd/5a/11/27dad3771fc262aca5356feac228_small.jpg "Born in the Aoyama Palace in Tokyo, Prince Hirohito was the first son of Crown Prince Yoshihito (the future Emperor Taishō) and Crown Princess Sadako (the future Empress Teimei).[2] His childhood title was Prince Michi (迪宮 Michi no miya?). In 1908, he began elementary studies at the Gakushuin (Peers School). Upon the death of his grandfather, Emperor Meiji, on July 30, 1912, Hirohito's father, Yoshihito succeeded him on the throne, he thus became the heir apparent. At the same time, he was forma")
Creative Commons
Creative Commons
Creative Commons / Aeleftherios
US Coastguard / PO Mike Lutz.
US Coastguard / PO Mike Lutz.
US Coastguard / PO Mike Lutz USCG handout
PIB of India
WN / Bhaskar Mallick
WN / Bhaskar Mallick
WN / Bhaskar Mallick
PIB of India
WN / Bhaskar Mallick
WN / Bhaskar Mallick
![Born in the Aoyama Palace in Tokyo, Prince Hirohito was the first son of Crown Prince Yoshihito (the future Emperor Taishō) and Crown Princess Sadako (the future Empress Teimei).[2] His childhood title was Prince Michi (迪宮 Michi no miya?). In 1908, he began elementary studies at the Gakushuin (Peers School). Upon the death of his grandfather, Emperor Meiji, on July 30, 1912, Hirohito's father, Yoshihito succeeded him on the throne, he thus became the heir apparent. At the same time, he was forma](http://web.archive.org./web/20120722074817/http://cdn9.wn.com/pd/5a/11/27dad3771fc262aca5356feac228_medium.jpg "Born in the Aoyama Palace in Tokyo, Prince Hirohito was the first son of Crown Prince Yoshihito (the future Emperor Taishō) and Crown Princess Sadako (the future Empress Teimei).[2] His childhood title was Prince Michi (迪宮 Michi no miya?). In 1908, he began elementary studies at the Gakushuin (Peers School). Upon the death of his grandfather, Emperor Meiji, on July 30, 1912, Hirohito's father, Yoshihito succeeded him on the throne, he thus became the heir apparent. At the same time, he was forma")
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| November 30 in recent years |
| 2011 (Wednesday) |
| 2010 (Tuesday) |
| 2009 (Monday) |
| 2008 (Sunday) |
| 2007 (Friday) |
| 2006 (Thursday) |
| 2005 (Wednesday) |
| 2004 (Tuesday) |
| 2003 (Sunday) |
| 2002 (Saturday) |
November 30 is the 334th day of the year (335th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 31 days remaining until the end of the year.
Contents |
Events[link]
- 1700 – Battle of Narva – A Swedish army of 8,500 men under Charles XII defeats a much larger Russian army at Narva.
- 1718 – Swedish king Charles XII dies during a siege of the fortress Fredriksten in Norway.
- 1782 – American Revolutionary War: Treaty of Paris – In Paris, representatives from the United States and the Kingdom of Great Britain sign preliminary peace articles (later formalized as the 1783 Treaty of Paris).
- 1783 – A 5.3 magnitude earthquake strikes New Jersey.
- 1786 – Peter Leopold Joseph of Habsburg-Lorraine, Grand Duke of Tuscany, promulgates a penal reform making his country the first state to abolish the death penalty. Consequently, November 30 is commemorated by 300 cities around the world as Cities for Life Day.
- 1803 – In New Orleans, Louisiana, Spanish representatives officially transfer the Louisiana Territory to a French representative. Just 20 days later, France transfers the same land to the United States as the Louisiana Purchase.
- 1804 – The Democratic-Republican-controlled United States Senate begins an impeachment trial against Federalist-partisan Supreme Court of the United States Justice Samuel Chase.
- 1824 – First ground is broken at Allenburg for the building of the original Welland Canal.
- 1829 – First Welland Canal opens for a trial run, 5 years to the day from the ground breaking.
- 1853 – Crimean War: Battle of Sinop – The Imperial Russian Navy under Pavel Nakhimov destroys the Ottoman fleet under Osman Pasha at Sinop, a sea port in northern Turkey.
- 1864 – American Civil War: Battle of Franklin – The Army of Tennessee led by General John Bell Hood mounts a dramatically unsuccessful frontal assault on Union positions commanded by John McAllister Schofield around Franklin, Tennessee, with Hood losing six generals and almost a third of his troops.
- 1868 – The inauguration of a statue of King Charles XII of Sweden takes place in the King's garden in Stockholm.
- 1872 – The first-ever international football match takes place at Hamilton Crescent, Glasgow, between Scotland and England.
- 1886 – The Folies Bergère stages its first revue.
- 1902 – American Old West: Second-in-command of Butch Cassidy's Wild Bunch gang, Kid Curry Logan, is sentenced to 20 years imprisonment with hard labor.
- 1908 – A mine explosion in the mining town of Marianna, Pennsylvania kills 154.
- 1916 – Costa Rica becomes a signatory to the Buenos Aires copyright treaty.
- 1934 – The steam locomotive Flying Scotsman becomes the first to officially exceed 100mph.
- 1936 – In London, the Crystal Palace is destroyed by fire.
- 1939 – Winter War: Soviet forces cross the Finnish border in several places and bomb Helsinki and several other Finnish cities, starting the war.
- 1940 – Lucille Ball marries Desi Arnaz in Greenwich, Connecticut.
- 1942 – World War II: Guadalcanal Campaign: Battle of Tassafaronga – A smaller squadron of Japanese destroyers led by Raizō Tanaka defeats a US cruiser force under Carleton H. Wright.
- 1947 – 1947–1948 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine begins on this day, leading up to the creation of the state of Israel.
- 1953 – Edward Mutesa II, the kabaka (king) of Buganda is deposed and exiled to London by Sir Andrew Cohen, Governor of Uganda.
- 1954 – In Sylacauga, Alabama, United States, the Hodges Meteorite crashes through a roof and hits a woman taking an afternoon nap in the only documented case of a human being hit by a rock from space.
- 1966 – Barbados becomes independent from the United Kingdom.
- 1967 – The People's Republic of South Yemen becomes independent from the United Kingdom.
- 1967 – The Pakistan Peoples Party is founded by Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto who becomes its first Chairman later as the Head of state and Head of government after the 1971 Civil War.
- 1971 – Iran seizes the Greater and Lesser Tunbs from the United Arab Emirates.
- 1972 – Vietnam War: White House Press Secretary Ron Ziegler tells the press that there will be no more public announcements concerning American troop withdrawals from Vietnam due to the fact that troop levels are now down to 27,000.
- 1981 – Cold War: In Geneva, representatives from the United States and the Soviet Union begin to negotiate intermediate-range nuclear weapon reductions in Europe (the meetings ended inconclusively on December 17).
- 1982 – Michael Jackson's Thriller, the best-selling album of all time, is released.
- 1989 – Deutsche Bank board member Alfred Herrhausen is killed by a Red Army Faction terrorist bomb.
- 1993 – U.S. President Bill Clinton signs the Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act (the Brady Bill) into law.
- 1994 – MS Achille Lauro fire off Somalia coast.
- 1995 – Official end of Operation Desert Storm.
- 1998 – Exxon and Mobil sign a $73.7 billion USD agreement to merge, thus creating Exxon-Mobil, the world's largest company.
- 1999 – In Seattle, Washington, United States, protests against the WTO meeting by anti-globalization protesters catch police unprepared and force the cancellation of opening ceremonies.
- 1999 – British Aerospace and Marconi Electronic Systems merge to form BAE Systems, Europe's largest defense contractor and the fourth largest aerospace firm in the world.
- 2001 – In Renton, Washington, United States, Gary Ridgway aka The Green River Killer is arrested.
- 2004 – Longtime Jeopardy! champion Ken Jennings of Salt Lake City, Utah finally loses, leaving him with US$2,520,700, television's biggest game show winnings.
- 2004 – Lion Air Flight 538 crash lands in Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia, killing 26.
- 2005 – John Sentamu becomes the first black archbishop in the Church of England with his enthronement as the 97th Archbishop of York.
Births[link]
- 539 – Gregory of Tours, French bishop and historian (d. 594)
- 1340 – John, Duke of Berry, son of John II of France (d. 1416)
- 1364 – John FitzAlan, 2nd Baron Arundel, English soldier (d. 1390)
- 1466 – Andrea Doria, Italian naval leader (d. 1560)
- 1498 – Andrés de Urdaneta, Spanish Augustinian friar, sail-captain and explorer (d. 1568)
- 1508 – Andrea Palladio, Italian architect (d. 1580)
- 1554 – Philip Sidney, English courtier, soldier, and writer (d. 1586)
- 1594 – John Cosin, English clergyman (d. 1672)
- 1625 – Jean Domat, French jurist (d. 1696)
- 1637 – Louis-Sébastien Le Nain de Tillemont, French historian (d. 1698)
- 1645 – Andreas Werckmeister, German organist, music theorist, and composer (d. 1706)
- 1667 – Jonathan Swift, Irish writer and satirist (d. 1745)
- 1670 – John Toland, Irish philosopher (d. 1722)
- 1683 – Ludwig Andreas Graf Khevenhüller, Austrian field marshal (d. 1744)
- 1719 – Augusta of Saxe-Gotha, Princess of Wales (d. 1772)
- 1722 – Theodore Gardelle, Swiss painter and enameler (d. 1761)
- 1723 – William Livingston, revolutionary Governor of New Jersey (d. 1790)
- 1748 – Joachim Albertini, Italian-born composer, who spent most of his life in Poland (d. 1838)
- 1754 – Ferdinand Ries, German composer (d. 1812)
- 1756 – Ernst Chladni, German physicist (d. 1827)
- 1764 – Franz Xaver Gerl, Austrian bass singer and composer (d. 1827)
- 1768 – Jędrzej Śniadecki, Polish writer, physician, chemist and biologist (d. 1838)
- 1781 – Alexander Berry, British adventurer (d. 1873)
- 1791 – Count Franz Philipp von Lamberg, Austrian soldier and statesman (d. 1848)
- 1796 – Carl Loewe, German composer (d. 1869)
- 1810 – Oliver Winchester, American gunsmith (d. 1880)
- 1813 – Louise-Victorine Ackermann, French poet (d. 1890)
- 1813 – Charles-Valentin Alkan, French composer (d. 1888)
- 1817 – Theodor Mommsen, German historian, Nobel laureate (d. 1903)
- 1821 – Frederick Temple, 95th Archbishop of Canterbury (d. 1902)
- 1825 – William-Adolphe Bouguereau, French academic painter (d. 1905)
- 1835 – Mark Twain (Samuel Clemens), American writer (d. 1910)
- 1836 – Lord Frederick Cavendish, British politician (d. 1882)
- 1840 – Henry Birks, Canadian businessman (d. 1928)
- 1847 – Afonso Augusto Moreira Pena, 6th President of Brazil (d. 1909)
- 1857 – Bobby Abel, English cricketer (d. 1936)
- 1858 – Jagdish Chandra Bose, Indian physicist (d. 1937)
- 1863 – Andrés Bonifacio, head of the Philippine Revolutionary Movement Katipunan (KKK) (d. 1897)
- 1869 – Nils Gustaf Dalén, Swedish physicist, Nobel laureate (d. 1937)
- 1870 – Princess Henriette, Duchess of Vendôme and Alençon (d. 1948)
- 1872 – Dr. John McCrae, Canadian physician and soldier (d. 1918)
- 1874 – Sir Winston Churchill, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, Nobel laureate (d. 1965)
- 1874 – Lucy Maud Montgomery, Canadian author (d. 1942)
- 1887 – Andrej Gosar, Slovenian politician and thinker (d. 1970)
- 1889 – Edgar Douglas Adrian, British physiologist, Nobel laureate (d. 1977)
- 1889 – Reuvein Margolies, Austrian-Hungarian-born Israeli author and Talmudic scholar (d. 1971)
- 1898 – Firpo Marberry, American baseball player (d. 1976)
- 1904 – Clyfford Still, American painter (d. 1980)
- 1906 – John Dickson Carr, American author of detective fiction (d. 1977)
- 1906 – Andrés Henestrosa, Mexican writer (d. 2008)
- 1907 – Jacques Barzun, French-born historian and author
- 1909 – Robert Nighthawk, American musician (d. 1967)
- 1910 – Leonidas Andrianopoulos, Greek footballer (d. 2011)
- 1911 – Jorge Negrete, Mexican singer and actor (d. 1953)
- 1912 – Gordon Parks, American photographer and film director (d. 2006)
- 1915 – Brownie McGhee, American blues musician (d. 1996)
- 1915 – Henry Taube, Canadian-born chemist, Nobel laureate (d. 2005)
- 1918 – Efrem Zimbalist Jr., American actor
- 1920 – Virginia Mayo, American actress (d. 2005)
- 1922 – Graham Crowden, Scottish actor (d. 2010)
- 1924 – Shirley Chisholm, American politician, United States Representatives from New York (d. 2005)
- 1924 – Allan Sherman, American comedian (d. 1973)
- 1924 – Elliott Blackstone, American gay and lesbian rights activist (d. 2006)
- 1926 – Richard Crenna, American actor (d. 2003)
- 1927 – Robert Guillaume, American actor
- 1928 – Joe B. Hall, American basketball coach
- 1929 – Dick Clark, American television host (d. 2012)
- 1929 – Joan Ganz Cooney, American children's television pioneer
- 1930 – G. Gordon Liddy, American Watergate operative and talk radio host
- 1931 – Jack Ging, American actor
- 1931 – Bill Walsh, American football coach (d. 2007)
- 1932 – Bob Moore, American bassist and orchestra leader
- 1932 – Cho Namchul, South Korean professional Go player (d. 2006)
- 1933 – Norman Deeley, English footballer (d. 2007)
- 1936 – Dmitri Victorovich Anosov, Russian mathematician
- 1936 – Abbie Hoffman, American activist (d. 1989)
- 1937 – Frank Ifield, Australian/British singer
- 1937 – Ridley Scott, British film director
- 1937 – Tom Simpson, British cyclist (d. 1967)
- 1937 – Adeline Yen Mah, Chinese writer
- 1938 – Jean Eustache, French filmmaker
- 1943 – Terrence Malick, American director and screenwriter
- 1944 – Dian Parkinson, American model, 'Price is Right' hostess
- 1944 – George Graham, Scottish former footballer
- 1945 – Roger Glover, British bassist (Deep Purple)
- 1945 – Radu Lupu, Romanian concert pianist
- 1947 – David Mamet, American playwright
- 1947 – Sergio Badilla Castillo, Chilean poet
- 1947 – Stuart Baird, English film editor, producer and director
- 1947 – Jude Ciccolella, American actor
- 1949 – Vlassis Bonatsos, Greek entertainer (d. 2004)
- 1949 – Jimmy London, Jamaican reggae singer
- 1950 – Chris Claremont, British comic book writer
- 1951 – Christian Bernard, mystic
- 1951 – June Chadwick, British actress
- 1952 – Keith Giffen, American comic book writer and artist
- 1952 – Mandy Patinkin, American actor and singer
- 1953 – Shuggie Otis, American musician, composer and producer
- 1953 – June Pointer, American singer (Pointer Sisters) (d. 2006)
- 1954 – Simonetta Stefanelli, Italian actress (The Godfather)
- 1954 – Lawrence Summers, American economist and government official
- 1955 – Michael Beschloss, American historian
- 1955 – Richard Burr, American politician
- 1955 – Kevin Conroy, American actor (Batman in the DC animated universe)
- 1955 – Andy Gray, Scottish footballer
- 1955 – Billy Idol (born William Michael Albert Broad), British musician
- 1955 – Gordon Liu, Chinese actor
- 1955 – Muricy Ramalho, Brazilian manager and former football player
- 1957 – John Ashton, English guitarist (The Psychedelic Furs)
- 1957 – Richard Barbieri, British keyboardist (Porcupine Tree)
- 1957 – Andrew Calhoun, American musician
- 1957 – Margaret Spellings, American politician and 8th United States Secretary of Education
- 1957 – Joël Champetier, French Canadian author
- 1957 – Colin Mochrie, Scottish-born Canadian comedian
- 1958 – Juliette Bergmann, Dutch bodybuilder
- 1958 – Stacey Q, American singer
- 1958 – Iz the Wiz, NYC graffiti artist (d. 2009)
- 1959 – Lorraine Kelly, British presenter and journalist
- 1959 – Cherie Currie, American musician
- 1960 – Rich Fields, American television personality
- 1960 – Bill Halter, American politician
- 1960 – Gary Lineker, English footballer
- 1960 – Bob Tewksbury, American baseball player
- 1962 – Bo Jackson, American football and baseball player
- 1962 – Daniel Keys Moran, American writer
- 1964 – Michael Cudlitz, American actor
- 1964 – Jushin Liger, Japanese professional wrestler
- 1965 – Aldair, Brazilian footballer
- 1965 – Prince Akishino of Japan
- 1965 – Lee Klein, American writer
- 1965 – David Laws, British politician
- 1965 – Ben Stiller, American actor
- 1966 – David Berkoff, American swimmer
- 1966 – John Bishop, British comedian
- 1966 – Wil Mara, American author
- 1966 – David Nicholls, English novelist and screenwriter
- 1966 – Mika Salo, Finnish racing driver
- 1967 – Rajiv Dixit, Indian Scientist & Social Activist (d. 2010)
- 1968 – Des'ree, English singer
- 1968 – Laurent Jalabert, French cyclist
- 1969 – Marc Goossens, Belgian racing driver
- 1969 – Amy Ryan, American actress
- 1969 – Mike Stone, American musician (Queensryche)
- 1970 – Robert Griffith, American football player
- 1970 – Perrey Reeves, American actress
- 1971 – Tonči Boban, Croatian footballer
- 1971 – Ray Durham, American baseball player
- 1971 – Iván Rodríguez, Puerto Rican baseball player
- 1972 – Christopher Fitzgerald, American stage actor
- 1972 – Abel Xavier, Portuguese footballer
- 1973 – Lim Chang-jung, South Korean actor
- 1973 – John Moyer, American bassist (Disturbed)
- 1973 – Jason Reso (aka "Christian Cage"), Canadian professional wrestler
- 1974 – Sébastien Tellier, French singer
- 1975 – Mindy McCready, American musician
- 1975 – Ben Thatcher, Welsh footballer
- 1976 – Marco Castro, American film director
- 1976 – Josh Lewsey, English rugby player
- 1976 – Cypher Zero, American circus innovator (New York Circus Arts)
- 1977 – Steve Aoki, American DJ
- 1977 – Iván Guerrero, Honduran footballer
- 1977 – Kazumi Saito, Japanese baseball player
- 1977 – Olivier Schoenfelder, French ice dancer
- 1978 – Clay Aiken, American singer
- 1978 – Gael García Bernal, Mexican actor
- 1978 – Benjamin Lense, German footballer
- 1978 – Emil Steiner, American writer
- 1979 – Chris Atkinson, Australian rally driver
- 1979 – Andrés Nocioni, Argentine basketball player
- 1980 – Jamie Ashdown, English footballer
- 1980 – Shane Victorino, American baseball player
- 1981 – Rich Harden, Canadian baseball player
- 1981 – Billy Lush, American actor
- 1982 – Elisha Cuthbert, Canadian actress
- 1982 – Tony Giarratano, American baseball player
- 1982 – Clémence Poésy, French actress
- 1982 – Jason Pominville, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1982 – Medina, Danish singer
- 1983 – Andy Akinwolere, English television presenter
- 1983 – Adrian Cristea, Romanian footballer
- 1983 – Vladislav Polyakov, Kazakh swimmer
- 1984 – Alan Hutton, Scottish footballer
- 1984 – Nigel de Jong, Dutch footballer
- 1984 – Francisco Sandaza, Spanish footballer
- 1985 – Kaley Cuoco, American actress and model
- 1986 – Jordan Farmar, American basketball player
- 1987 – Vasilisa Bardina, Russian tennis player
- 1987 – Christel Khalil, American actress
- 1987 – Dougie Poynter, British singer and bassist (McFly)
- 1989 – Vladimír Weiss, Slovakian footballer
- 1990 – Magnus Carlsen, Norwegian chess player
- 1990 – Antoine N'Gossan, Ivorian footballer
- 1993 – Yuri Chinen, Japanese actor and singer
- 1994 – William Melling, English actor
Deaths[link]
- 1016 – Edmund II of England
- 1580 – Richard Farrant, English composer
- 1626 – Thomas Weelkes, English composer
- 1654 – John Selden, English jurist and oriental scholar (b. 1584)
- 1675 – Cecilius Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore, British colonial governor (b. 1605)
- 1703 – Nicolas de Grigny, French organist and composer (b. 1672)
- 1705 – Catherine of Braganza, wife of Charles II of England (b. 1638)
- 1718 – King Charles XII of Sweden (b. 1682)
- 1761 – John Dollond, British optician (b. 1706)
- 1765 – George Glas, British merchant and adventurer (b. 1725)
- 1886 – Dimitrios Valvis, Greek judge and politician (b. 1814)
- 1900 – Oscar Wilde, Irish writer (b. 1854)
- 1901 – Edward John Eyre, British explorer (b. 1815)
- 1908 – Nishinoumi Kajirō I, Japanese sumo wrestler, the 16th Yokozuna (b. 1855)
- 1916 – Dorrit Weixler, German actress (b. 1892)
- 1920 – Vladimir May-Mayevsky, Russian counter-revolutionary (b. 1867)
- 1923 – John Maclean MA, Scottish Socialist (b. 1879)
- 1933 – Sir Arthur Currie, Canadian general (b. 1875)
- 1934 – Hélène Boucher, French aviatrix (b. 1908)
- 1935 – Fernando Pessoa, Portuguese poet (b. 1888)
- 1943 – Etty Hillesum, Dutch diarist (b. 1914)
- 1953 – Francis Picabia, French painter and poet (b. 1879)
- 1954 – Wilhelm Furtwängler, German conductor (b. 1886)
- 1955 – Josip Štolcer-Slavenski, Croatian composer (b. 1896)
- 1956 – Viggo Wiehe, Danish actor (b. 1874)
- 1957 – Beniamino Gigli, Italian tenor (b. 1890)
- 1958 – Hubert Wilkins, Australian polar explorer (b. 1888)
- 1966 – Salah Suheimat, Jordanian parliamentarian (b. 1914)
- 1967 – Patrick Kavanagh, Irish poet (b. 1904)
- 1977 – Terence Rattigan, British writer and playwright (b. 1911)
- 1979 – Zeppo Marx, American actor and comedian (b. 1901)
- 1987 – Simon Carmiggelt, Dutch journalist and writer (b. 1913)
- 1988 – Pannonica de Koenigswarter, jazz patroness and writer
- 1989 – Alfred Herrhausen, German banker (Deutsche Bank) (b. 1930)
- 1993 – David Houston, American country music singer (b. 1938)
- 1994 – Guy Debord, French writer and filmmaker (b. 1931)
- 1994 – Lionel Stander, American actor (b. 1908)
- 1995 – Randy Walker, American musician (b. 1968)
- 1996 – Tiny Tim, American entertainer (b. 1932)
- 1997 – Kathy Acker, American author (b. 1947)
- 1999 – Charlie Byrd, American jazz guitarist (b. 1925)
- 2000 – Scott Smith, Canadian musician (Loverboy) (b. 1955)
- 2002 – Tim Woods, American professional wrestler (b. 1934)
- 2003 – Gertrude Ederle, American swimmer (b. 1906)
- 2004 – Pierre Berton, Canadian author (b. 1920)
- 2004 – Seung Sahn, Korean spiritual figure (b. 1927)
- 2005 – Jean Parker, American actress (b. 1915)
- 2006 – Elhadi Adam, Sudanese poet and lyricist (b. 1927)
- 2006 – Rafael Buenaventura, Filipino banker and politician (b. 1938)
- 2007 – Engin Arık, Turkish nuclear physicist (b. 1948)
- 2007 – Evel Knievel, American motorcycle daredevil (b. 1938)
- 2008 – Munetaka Higuchi, Japanese musician (Loudness) (b. 1958)
- 2010 – Rajiv Dixit, Indian scientist and Swadeshi movement figure (b. 1967)
- 2010 – Garry Gross, American photographer (b. 1937)
- 2010 – Peter Hofmann, Czech-born German operatic tenor (b. 1944)
- 2010 – Faye Wright, American spiritual figure (b. 1914)
- 2011 – Leka, Crown Prince of Albania (b. 1939)
Holidays and observances[link]
- Andrés Bonifacio Day (the Philippines)
- Christian Feast Day:
- Cities for Life Day
- Independence Day, celebrates the independence of Barbados from the United Kingdom in 1966
- Independence Day, celebrates the independence of South Yemen from the United Kingdom in 1967
- National Day (Benin)
- Regina Mundi Day (South Africa)
- St. Andrew's Day (Scotland)
External links[link]
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| The Notorious B.I.G. | |
|---|---|
| File:The Notorious B.I.G.jpg | |
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Christopher George Latore Wallace |
| Also known as | Biggie Smalls, The Notorious B.I.G., Big Poppa, Frank White[1] |
| Born | (1972-05-21)May 21, 1972 New York City, New York, U.S. |
| Died | March 9, 1997(1997-03-09) (aged 24) Los Angeles, California, U.S. |
| Genres | Hip hop |
| Occupations | Rapper |
| Years active | 1992–1997 |
| Labels | Uptown Records Bad Boy |
| Associated acts | Lil' Kim, Sean Combs, Junior M.A.F.I.A., Total, 112, The Commission, Jay-Z, Faith Evans, The LOX |
| Website | www.myspace.com/notoriousbig |
Christopher George Latore Wallace (May 21, 1972 – March 9, 1997), best known as The Notorious B.I.G., was an American rapper. He was also known as Biggie Smalls (after a character in the 1975 film Let's Do It Again).
Wallace was raised in the Brooklyn borough of New York City. When Wallace released his debut album Ready to Die in 1994, he became a central figure in the East Coast hip-hop scene and increased New York's visibility at a time when West Coast artists were more common in the mainstream.[2] The following year, Wallace led his childhood friends to chart success through his protégé group, Junior M.A.F.I.A. While recording his second album, Wallace was heavily involved in the East Coast/West Coast hip-hop feud, dominating the scene at the time.
On March 9, 1997, Wallace was killed by an unknown assailant in a drive-by shooting in Los Angeles. His double-disc set Life After Death, released 15 days later, hit #1 on the U.S. album charts and was certified Diamond in 2000 (one of the few hip hop albums to receive this certification).[3] Wallace was noted for his "loose, easy flow",[4] dark semi-autobiographical lyrics and storytelling abilities. Since his death, a further two albums have been released. MTV ranked him at #3 on their list of The Greatest MCs of All Time.[5] He has certified sales of 17 million units in the United States.[6]
Contents |
Early life[link]
Born in St. Mary's Hospital, despite later claiming to be raised in the Bedford-Stuyvesant section of Brooklyn, Wallace grew up in neighboring Clinton Hill.[7] Wallace was the only child of Voletta Wallace, a Jamaican preschool teacher, and George Latore, a welder and small-time Jamaican politician.[8] His father left the family when Wallace was two years old, leaving his mother to work two jobs while raising him. At the Queen of All Saints Middle School, Wallace excelled in class, winning several awards as an English student. He was nicknamed "Big" because of his size before he turned 10.[9] At the age of 12, he began selling drugs. His mother, often away at work, did not know that her son was selling drugs until Wallace was an adult.[10]
At his request, Wallace transferred out of the private Roman Catholic Bishop Loughlin Memorial High School to attend the state-funded George Westinghouse Career and Technical Education High School. Jay-Z and Busta Rhymes were also students at that school. According to his mother, Wallace was still a good student, but developed a "smart-ass" attitude at the new school.[8] At seventeen, Wallace dropped out of high school and became further involved in crime. In 1989, he was arrested on weapons charges in Brooklyn and sentenced to five years' probation. In 1990, he was arrested on a violation of his probation.[11] A year later, Wallace was arrested in North Carolina for dealing crack cocaine. He spent nine months behind bars until he made bail.[10]
Rapping career[link]
Wallace began rapping when he was a teenager. He would entertain people on the streets as well as perform with local groups, the Old Gold Brothers and the Techniques.[2] After being released from prison, Wallace made a demo tape under the name Biggie Smalls, a reference to his childhood nickname and to his stature; he stood at 6' 3" (1.91 m) and weighed as much as 300 to 380 pounds according to differing accounts.[12] The tape was reportedly made with no serious intent of getting a recording deal, but was promoted by New York-based DJ Mister Cee, who had previously worked with Big Daddy Kane, and was heard by the editor of The Source.[11]
In March 1992, Wallace featured in The Source's Unsigned Hype column, dedicated to aspiring rappers, and was invited to produce a recording with other unsigned artists in a move that was reportedly uncommon at the time.[13] The demo tape was heard by Uptown Records A&R and record producer, Sean Combs, who arranged for a meeting with Wallace. He was signed to Uptown immediately and made an appearance on label mates, Heavy D & the Boyz' "A Buncha Niggas" (from the album Blue Funk).[2][14] Soon after signing his recording contract, Combs was fired from Uptown and started a new label.[15] Wallace followed and in mid-1992, signed to Combs' new imprint label, Bad Boy Records. On August 8, 1993, Wallace's longtime girlfriend gave birth to his first child, T'yanna.[16] Wallace continued selling drugs after the birth to support his daughter financially. Once Combs discovered this, he was made to quit.[2]
Wallace gained exposure later in the year on a remix to Mary J. Blige's single "Real Love", under the pseudonym The Notorious B.I.G., the name he would record under for the remainder of his career, after finding the original moniker "Biggie Smalls" was already in use.[17] "Real Love" peaked at #7 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart and was followed by a remix of Blige's "What's the 411?". He continued this success, to a lesser extent, on remixes with Neneh Cherry ("Buddy X") and reggae artist Super Cat ("Dolly My Baby", also featuring Combs) in 1993. In April 1993, his solo track, "Party and Bullshit", appeared on the Who's the Man? soundtrack.[16] In July 1994, he appeared alongside LL Cool J and Busta Rhymes on a remix to label mate Craig Mack's "Flava in Ya Ear", reaching #9 on the Hot 100.
[edit] Ready to Die and marriage
On August 4, 1994, Wallace married singer Faith Evans after they met at a Bad Boy photoshoot.[16][18] Four days later, Wallace had his first pop chart success as a solo artist with double A-side, "Juicy/Unbelievable", which reached #27 as the lead single to his debut album.
Ready to Die was released on September 13, 1994, and reached #13 on the Billboard 200 chart,[19] eventually being certified four times Platinum.[20] The album, released at a time when West Coast hip hop was prominent in the U.S. charts, according to Rolling Stone, "almost single-handedly... shifted the focus back to East Coast rap".[21] It gained strong reviews on release and has received much praise in retrospect.[21][22] In addition to "Juicy", the record produced two hit singles; the Platinum-selling "Big Poppa", which reached #1 on the U.S. rap chart,[4] and "One More Chance" featuring Faith Evans, a loosely related remix of an album track and its best selling single.
Junior M.A.F.I.A. and coastal feud[link]
In August 1995, Wallace's protegé group, Junior M.A.F.I.A. ("Junior Masters At Finding Intelligent Attitudes"), released their debut album Conspiracy. The group consisting of his friends from childhood and included rappers such as Lil' Kim and Lil' Cease, who went on to have solo careers.[23] The record went Gold and its singles, "Player's Anthem" and "Get Money" both featuring Wallace, went Gold and Platinum. Wallace continued to work with R&B artists, collaborating with Bad Boy groups 112 (on "Only You") and Total (on "Can't You See"), with both reaching the top 20 of the Hot 100. By the end of the year, Wallace was the top-selling male solo artist and rapper on the U.S. pop and R&B charts.[2] In July 1995, he appeared on the cover of The Source with the caption "The King of New York Takes Over". At the Source Awards in August 1995, he was named Best New Artist (Solo), Lyricist of the Year, Live Performer of the Year, and his debut Album of the Year.[24] At the Billboard Awards, he was Rap Artist of the Year.[11]
In his year of success, Wallace became involved in a rivalry between the East and West Coast hip-hop scenes with Tupac Shakur, his former associate. In an interview with Vibe in April 1995, while serving time in Clinton Correctional Facility, Shakur accused Uptown Records' founder Andre Harrell, Sean Combs, and Wallace of having prior knowledge of a robbery that resulted in him being shot repeatedly and losing thousands of dollars worth of jewelry on the night of November 30, 1994. Though Wallace and his entourage were in the same Manhattan-based recording studio at the time of the occurrence, they denied the accusation.[25]
| “ | It just happened to be a coincidence that he was in the studio. He just, he couldn't really say who really had something to do with it at the time. So he just kinda' leaned the blame on me.[26] | ” |
Following release from prison, Shakur signed to Death Row Records on October 15, 1995. Bad Boy Records and Death Row, now business rivals, became involved in an intense quarrel.[27]
Arrests, Shakur's death and second child[link]
Wallace began recording his second record album in September 1995. The album, recorded in New York, Trinidad and Los Angeles, was interrupted during its 18 months of creation by injury, legal wranglings and the highly publicized hip hop dispute in which he was involved.[28] During this time, he also worked with pop singer Michael Jackson for the HIStory album.[29]
On March 23, 1996, Wallace was arrested outside a Manhattan nightclub for chasing and threatening to kill two autograph seekers, smashing the windows of their taxicab and then pulling one of the fans out and punching them.[11] He pleaded guilty to second-degree harassment and was sentenced to 100 hours of community service. In mid-1996, he was arrested at his home in Teaneck, New Jersey, for drug and weapons possession charges.[11]
In June 1996, Shakur released "Hit 'Em Up", a diss song in which he explicitly claimed to have had sex with Wallace's wife (at the time estranged) and that Wallace copied his style and image. Wallace referred to the first claim about his wife's pregnancy on Jay-Z's "Brooklyn's Finest" where he raps: "If Faye (Faith Evans, his wife at the time) have twins, she'd probably have two 'Pacs. Geddit? 2Pac's?". However, Wallace did not directly respond to the record during his lifetime, stating in a 1997 radio interview that it was "not [his] style" to respond.[26]
Shakur was shot multiple times in a drive-by shooting in Las Vegas, Nevada, on September 7, 1996, and died six days later of complications from the gunshot wounds. Rumors of Wallace's involvement with Shakur's murder were reported almost immediately, and later in a two-part article by investigative reporter Chuck Philips in the Los Angeles Times in September 2002.[30] Wallace denied the allegation claiming he was in a New York recording studio at the time.[25] The Los Angeles Times later determined the article written by Philips "relied heavily on information that The Times no longer believes to be credible", including false FBI reports, and the paper published a retraction.[31] Following his death, an anti-violence hip hop summit was held.[2]
On October 29, 1996, Faith Evans gave birth to Wallace's son, Christopher "C.J." Wallace, Jr.[16] The following month Junior M.A.F.I.A. member Lil' Kim released her debut album, Hard Core, under Wallace's direction while the two were involved in an apparent love affair.[2]
[edit] Life After Death and car accident
During the recording sessions for his second record, tentatively named "Life After Death... 'Til Death Do Us Part", later shortened to Life After Death, Wallace was involved in a car accident that shattered his left leg and confined him to a wheelchair.[2] The injury forced him to use a cane.[25]
In January 1997, Wallace was ordered to pay US$41,000 in damages following an incident involving a friend of a concert promoter who claimed Wallace and his entourage beat him up following a dispute in May 1995.[32] He faced criminal assault charges for the incident which remain unresolved, but all robbery charges were dropped.[11] Following the events of the previous year, Wallace spoke of a desire to focus on his "peace of mind". "My mom... my son... my daughter... my family... my friends are what matters to me now".[33]
March 1997 shooting and death[link]
File:Sketch of the suspect.jpg
Composite sketch of the suspect in the shooting.
Wallace traveled to California in February 1997, to promote his upcoming album and record a music video for its lead single, "Hypnotize". On March 5, 1997, he gave a radio interview with The Dog House on KYLD in San Francisco. In the interview he stated that he had hired security since he feared for his safety; this was because he was a celebrity figure in general, not because he was a rapper.[34] Life After Death was scheduled for release on March 25, 1997. On January 8, 1997, Biggie Smalls and Sean "Puffy" Combs made a video "What's Beef" which was directed by Dave Meyers. On March 8, 1997, he presented an award to Toni Braxton at the 11th Annual Soul Train Music Awards in Los Angeles and was booed by some of the audience.[25] After the ceremony, Wallace attended an after party hosted by Vibe magazine and Qwest Records at the Petersen Automotive Museum in Los Angeles.[25] Other guests included Faith Evans, Aaliyah, Sean Combs, and members of the Bloods and Crips gangs.[9]
On March 9, 1997, at around 12:30 a.m., Wallace left with his entourage in two GMC Suburbans to return to his hotel after the Fire Department closed the party early because of overcrowding.[35] Wallace traveled in the front passenger seat alongside his associates, Damion "D-Roc" Butler, Junior M.A.F.I.A. member Lil' Cease and driver, Gregory "G-Money" Young. Combs traveled in the other vehicle with three bodyguards. The two trucks were trailed by a Chevrolet Blazer carrying Bad Boy's director of security.[9]
By 12:45 a.m., the streets were crowded with people leaving the event. Wallace's truck stopped at a red light 50 yards (46 m) from the museum. A black Chevrolet Impala SS pulled up alongside Wallace's truck. The driver of the Impala, an African American male dressed in a blue suit and bow tie, rolled down his window, drew a 9 mm blue-steel pistol and fired at the GMC Suburban; four bullets hit Wallace in the chest.[9] Wallace's entourage rushed him to Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, but he was pronounced dead at 1:15 a.m.
Murder case[link]
Wallace's murder remains unsolved and there are many theories regarding the identities and motives of the murderers. Immediately after the shooting, reports surfaced linking the Shakur and Wallace murders, because of the similarities in the drive-by shootings.[36]
In 2002, Randall Sullivan released LAbyrinth, a book compiling information regarding the murders of Wallace and Shakur based on evidence provided by retired LAPD detective, Russell Poole.[9][37] Sullivan accused Marion "Suge" Knight, co-founder of Death Row Records and an alleged Bloods affiliate, of conspiring with David Mack, an LAPD officer and alleged Death Row security employee, to kill Wallace and make Shakur and his death appear the result of a fictitious bi-coastal rap rivalry.[38][39] Sullivan believed that one of Mack's associates, Amir Muhammad (also known as Harry Billups), was the hitman based on evidence provided by an informant, and due to his close resemblance to the facial composite.[38][39] Filmmaker Nick Broomfield released an investigative documentary, Biggie & Tupac, based mainly on the evidence used in the book.[37]
An article published in Rolling Stone by Sullivan in December 2005 accused the LAPD of not fully investigating links with Death Row Records based on evidence from Poole. Sullivan claimed that Sean Combs "failed to fully cooperate with the investigation" and according to Poole, encouraged Bad Boy staff to do the same.[9] The accuracy of the article was later refuted in a letter by the Assistant Managing Editor of the LA Times accusing Sullivan of using "shoddy tactics." Sullivan, in response, quoted the lead attorney of the Wallace estate calling the newspaper "a co-conspirator in the cover-up."[40]
The criminal investigation was re-opened in July 2006 in the hopes that new evidence might help the City defend the civil lawsuits brought by the Wallace family.[41][42]
In January 2011, the case was reinvigorated as a result of new information reported by Anderson Cooper's AC360 "Cold Case" show and blog[43] that it was being re-investigated by a law enforcement task force composed of the LAPD, the L.A. County District Attorney's Office, and the FBI.[44] In April, the FBI released redacted documents about their investigation into the shooting, revealing that the bullets were rare 9mm Gecko ammunition manufactured in Germany. The documents reported that LAPD officers monitoring the party Wallace was attending were also employed as security personnel for Knight; the documents also speculated that the Genovese crime family was withholding evidence about Wallace's death.[45]
Basketball player Shaquille O'Neal was a close friend of Wallace's and on the night of Wallace's death, he was supposed to meet him at an after party. O'Neal has reportedly struggled with guilt about Wallace's death since that night.[46]
Lawsuits[link]
Wrongful death claim[link]
In March 2005, the relatives of Wallace filed a wrongful death claim against the city of Los Angeles based on the evidence championed by Russell Poole.[39] They claimed the LAPD had sufficient evidence to arrest the assailant, but failed to use it. David Mack and Amir Muhammad (a.k.a. Harry Billups) were originally named as defendants in the civil suit, but were dropped shortly before the trial began after the LAPD and FBI dismissed them as suspects.[39]
The case came for trial before a jury on June 21, 2005. Several days into the trial, the plaintiffs' attorney disclosed to the Court and opposing counsel that he had received a telephone call from someone claiming to be a LAPD officer and provided detailed information about the existence of evidence concerning the Wallace murder. The court directed the city to conduct a thorough investigation, which uncovered previously undisclosed evidence, much of which was in the desk or cabinet of Det. Steven Katz, the lead detective in the Wallace murder investigation. The documents centered around interviews by numerous police officers of an incarcerated informant, who had been Rafael Perez's cellmate for some extended period of time. He reported that Perez had told him about his and Mack's involvement with Death Row Records and their activities at the Peterson Automotive Museum the night of Wallace's murder. As a result of the newly discovered evidence, the judge declared a mistrial and awarded the Wallace family its attorneys' fees.[47]
On April 16, 2007, relatives of Wallace filed a second wrongful death lawsuit against the city of Los Angeles. The suit also named two LAPD officers in the center of the investigation into the Rampart scandal, Rafael Perez and Nino Durden. According to the claim, Perez, an alleged affiliate of Death Row Records, admitted to LAPD officials that he and Mack (who was not named in the lawsuit) "conspired to murder, and participated in the murder of Christopher Wallace". The Wallace family said the LAPD "consciously concealed Rafael Perez's involvement in the murder of ... Wallace".[48]
United States District Judge Florence-Marie Cooper granted summary judgment to the city of Los Angeles on December 17, 2007, finding that the Wallace family had not complied with a California law that required the Wallace family to give notice of its claim to the State within six months of Wallace's death.[49] The Wallace family refiled the suit, dropping the state law claims on May 27, 2008.[50] The city never answered the amended complaint, and with the agreement of both sides, the suit was voluntarily dismissed on April 5, 2010 without prejudice.[51]
Defamation[link]
On January 19, 2007, Tyruss Himes (better known as Big Syke), a friend of Shakur who was implicated in the murder by television channel KTTV and XXL magazine in 2005, had a defamation lawsuit regarding the accusations thrown out of court.[52]
Posthumous career[link]
Fifteen days after his death, Wallace's double-disc second album was released as planned with the shortened title of Life After Death and hit #1 on the Billboard 200 charts, after making a premature appearance at #176 due to street-date violations. The record album featured a much wider range of guests and producers than its predecessor.[53] It gained strong reviews and in 2000 was certified Diamond, the highest RIAA certification awarded to a solo hip hop album.
Its lead single, "Hypnotize", was the last music video recording in which Wallace would participate. His biggest chart success was with its follow-up "Mo Money Mo Problems", featuring Sean Combs (under the rap alias "Puff Daddy") and Mase. Both singles reached #1 in the Hot 100, making Wallace the first artist to achieve this feat posthumously.[2] The third single, "Sky's The Limit", featuring the band 112, was noted for its use of children in the music video, directed by Spike Jonze, who were used to portray Wallace and his contemporaries, including Sean Combs, Lil' Kim, and Busta Rhymes. Wallace was named Artist of the Year and "Hypnotize" Single of the Year by Spin magazine in December 1997.[54]
In mid-1997, Combs released his debut album, No Way Out, which featured Wallace on five songs, notably on the third single "Victory". The most prominent single from the record album was "I'll Be Missing You", featuring Combs, Faith Evans and 112, which was dedicated to Wallace's memory. At the 1998 Grammy Awards, Life After Death and its first two singles received nominations in the rap category. The album award was won by Combs' No Way Out and "I'll Be Missing You" won the award in the category of Best Rap Performance By A Duo Or Group in which "Mo Money Mo Problems" was nominated.[55]
Wallace had founded a hip hop supergroup called The Commission, which consisted of Jay-Z, Lil' Cease, Combs, Charli Baltimore and himself. The Commission was mentioned by Wallace in the lyrics of "What's Beef" on Life After Death and "Victory" from No Way Out but never completed an album. A song on Duets: The Final Chapter titled "Whatchu Want (The Commission)" featuring Jay-Z was based on the group.
In December 1999, Bad Boy released Born Again. The record consisted of previously unreleased material mixed with guest appearances including many artists Wallace had never collaborated with in his lifetime. It gained some positive reviews but received criticism for its unlikely pairings; The Source describing it as "compiling some of the most awkward collaborations of his career".[56] Nevertheless, the album sold 3 million copies. Over the course of time, Wallace's vocals would appear on hit songs such as "Foolish" by Ashanti and "Realest Niggas" in 2002, and the song "Runnin' (Dying to Live)" with Shakur the following year. He also appeared on Michael Jackson's 2001 album, Invincible. In 2005, Duets: The Final Chapter continued the pattern started on Born Again and was criticized for the lack of significant vocals by Wallace on some of its songs.[57][58] Its lead single "Nasty Girl" became Wallace's first UK #1 single. Combs and Voletta Wallace have stated the album will be the last release primarily featuring new material.[59]
Legacy[link]
Wallace is celebrated as one of the greatest rap artists and is described by Allmusic as "the savior of East Coast hip-hop".[2] The Source and Blender named Wallace the greatest rapper of all time.[60] In 2003, when XXL magazine asked several hip hop artists to list their five favorite MCs, Wallace's name appeared on more rappers' lists than anyone else. In 2006, he was ranked at #3 in MTV's The Greatest MC's of All Time.[5]
Since his death, Wallace's lyrics have been sampled and quoted by a variety of hip hop, R&B and pop artists including Jay-Z, 50 Cent, Alicia Keys, Fat Joe, Nelly, Ja Rule, Eminem, Lil Wayne, Game, Clinton Sparks, Michael Jackson and Usher. On August 28, 2005, at the 2005 MTV Video Music Awards, Sean Combs (then using the rap alias "P. Diddy") and Snoop Dogg paid tribute to Wallace: an orchestra played while the vocals from "Juicy" and "Warning" played on the arena speakers.[61] In September 2005, VH1 had its second annual "Hip Hop Honors", with a tribute to Wallace headlining the show.[62]
Wallace had begun to promote a clothing line called Brooklyn Mint, which was to produce plus-sized clothing but fell dormant after he died. In 2004, his managers, Mark Pitts and Wayne Barrow, launched the clothing line, with help from Jay-Z, selling T-shirts with images of Wallace on them. A portion of the proceeds go to the Christopher Wallace Foundation and to Jay-Z's Shawn Carter Scholarship Foundation.[63] In 2005, Voletta Wallace hired branding and licensing agency Wicked Cow Entertainment to guide the Estate's licensing efforts.[64] Wallace-branded products on the market include action figures, blankets, and cell phone content.[65]
The Christopher Wallace Memorial Foundation holds an annual black-tie dinner ("B.I.G. Night Out") to raise funds for children's school equipment and supplies and to honor the memory of the late rapper. For this particular event, because it is a children's schools' charity, "B.I.G." is also said to stand for "Books Instead of Guns".[66]
Style[link]
 |
Wallace, accompanied by ad libs from Sean "Puff Daddy" Combs, uses onomatopoeic vocables and multi-syllabic rhymes on his 1995 collaboration with R&B group, 112.
Wallace tells vivid stories about his everyday life as a criminal in Brooklyn (from Life After Death).
|
| Problems listening to these files? See media help. | |
Wallace mostly rapped on his songs in a deep tone described by Rolling Stone as a "thick, jaunty grumble",[67] which went deeper on Life After Death.[68] He was often accompanied on songs with ad libs from Sean "Puffy" Combs. On The Source's Unsigned Hype, they described his style as "cool, nasal, and filtered, to bless his own material".
Allmusic describe Wallace as having "a loose, easy flow" with "a talent for piling multiple rhymes on top of one another in quick succession".[4] Time magazine wrote Wallace rapped with an ability to "make multi-syllabic rhymes sound... smooth",[22] while Krims describes Wallace's rhythmic style as "effusive".[69] Before starting a verse, Wallace sometimes used onomatopoeic vocables to "warm up" (for example "uhhh" at the beginning of "Hypnotize" and "Big Poppa" and "whaat" after certain rhymes in songs such as "My Downfall").[70]
Lateef of Latyrx notes that Wallace had, "intense and complex flows",[71] Fredro Starr of Onyx says, "Biggie was a master of the flow",[72] and Bishop Lamont states that Wallace mastered "all the hemispheres of the music".[73] "Notorious B.I.G. also often used the single-line rhyme scheme to add variety and interest to his flow".[71] Big Daddy Kane suggests that Wallace didn't need a large vocabulary to impress listeners – "he just put his words together a slick way and it worked real good for him".[74] Wallace was known to compose lyrics in his head, rather than write them down on paper, in a similar way to Jay-Z.[75][76]
Wallace would occasionally vary from his usual style. On "Playa Hater" from his second album, he sang in a slow-falsetto.[77] On his collaboration with Bone Thugs-n-Harmony, "Notorious Thugs", he modified his style to match the rapid rhyme flow of the group.
Themes and lyrical content[link]
Wallace's lyrical topics and themes included mafioso tales ("Niggas Bleed"), his drug dealing past ("10 Crack Commandments"), materialistic bragging ("Hypnotize"), as well as humor ("Just Playing (Dreams)"),[78] and romance ("Me & My Bitch").[78] Rolling Stone named Wallace in 2004 as "one of the few young male songwriters in any pop style writing credible love songs".[68]
Guerilla Black, in the book How to Rap, describes how Wallace was able to both "glorify the upper echelon"[79] and "[make] you feel his struggle".[80] According to Touré of The New York Times in 1994, Wallace's lyrics "[mixed] autobiographical details about crime and violence with emotional honesty".[10] Marriott of The New York Times (in 1997) believed his lyrics were not strictly autobiographical and wrote he "had a knack for exaggeration that increased sales".[11] Wallace described his debut as "a big pie, with each slice indicating a different point in my life involving bitches and niggaz... from the beginning to the end".[81]
Ready to Die is described by Rolling Stone as a contrast of "bleak" street visions and being "full of high-spirited fun, bringing the pleasure principle back to hip-hop".[68] Allmusic write of "a sense of doom" in some of his songs and the NY Times note some being "laced with paranoia";[4][82] Wallace described himself as feeling "broke and depressed" when he made his debut.[82] The final song on the album, "Suicidal Thoughts", featured Wallace contemplating suicide and concluded with him committing the act.
On Life After Death, Wallace's lyrics went "deeper".[68] Krims explains how upbeat, dance-oriented tracks (which featured less heavily on his debut) alternate with "reality rap" songs on the record and suggests that he was "going pimp" through some of the lyrical topics of the former.[69] XXL magazine wrote that Wallace "revamped his image" through the portrayal of himself between the albums, going from "midlevel hustler" on his debut to "drug lord".[83]
Allmusic wrote that the success of Ready to Die is "mostly due to Wallace's skill as a storyteller";[4] In 1994, Rolling Stone described Wallace's ability in this technique as painting "a sonic picture so vibrant that you're transported right to the scene".[21] On Life After Death Wallace notably demonstrated this skill on "I Got a Story to Tell" telling a story as a rap for the first half of the song and then as a story "for his boys" in conversation form.[77]
After the 1993 World Trade Center bombing, Christopher began to see life more on the positive side rather than the negative when he realized that he could have died when the explosion occurred. Instead of dying, Christopher only suffered minor scratches when he was performing his own remix of the song "Real Love" a few blocks away on the street. Christopher also refers to this event in his song "Juicy" when he mentions blowing up like the world trade.[84]
Biopic[link]
Notorious is a 2009 biographical film about Wallace and his life that starred rapper Jamal "Gravy" Woolard as Wallace. The film was directed by George Tillman, Jr. and distributed by Fox Searchlight Pictures. Producers included Sean "Diddy" Combs, Wallace's former managers Wayne Barrow and Mark Pitts, as well as Voletta Wallace.[76] On January 16, 2009, the movie's debut at the Grand 18 theater in Greensboro, North Carolina was postponed after a man was shot in the parking lot before the show.[85] Ultimately, the film grossed over $43,000,000 worldwide.
In early October 2007, open casting calls for the role of Wallace began.[86] Actors, rappers and unknowns all tried out. Beanie Sigel auditioned[87] for the role, but was not picked. Sean Kingston claimed that he would play the role of Wallace, but producers denied he would be in the film.[88] Eventually it was announced that rapper Jamal "Gravy" Woolard was cast as Wallace[89] while Wallace's son, Christopher Wallace, Jr. was cast to play Wallace as a child.[90] Other cast members include Angela Bassett as Voletta Wallace, Derek Luke as Sean Combs, Antonique Smith as Faith Evans, Naturi Naughton formerly of 3LW as Lil' Kim, and Anthony Mackie as Tupac Shakur.[91] Bad Boy released a soundtrack album to the film on January 13, 2009; the album contains hit singles of B.I.G. such as "Hypnotize", "Juicy", and "Warning" as well as rarities.[92]
Discography[link]
Main article: The Notorious B.I.G. discography
Studio albums[link]
Posthumous albums[link]
|
Collaboration albums[link]
Compilation albums[link] |
Awards and nominations[link]
|
||||||||||||||||||||
| Totals | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Awards won | 4 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Nominations | 11 | |||||||||||||||||||
Wallace received two nominations from the Billboard Music Awards in 1995, including Rap Artist of the Year and Rap Single of the Year. The song "Mo Money Mo Problems" received several nominations in 1998, including Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group at the Grammy Awards; Best Rap Video at the MTV Video Music Awards; and Best R&B/Soul Album and Best R&B/Soul or Rap Music Video at the Soul Train Music Awards. Overall, Wallace has received four awards from eleven nominations; one award and six nominations were received posthumously.
Billboard Music Awards[link]
The Billboard Music Awards is sponsored by Billboard magazine and held annually in December.[93][94]
| Year | Nominated work | Award | Result |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1995 | The Notorious B.I.G. | Rap Artist of the Year | Won |
| "One More Chance" | Rap Single of the Year | Won |
Grammy Awards[link]
The Grammy Awards are awarded annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences of the United States.[93][95][96]
| Year | Nominated work | Award | Result |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1996 | "Big Poppa" | Best Rap Solo Performance | Nominated |
| 1998 | "Hypnotize" | Best Rap Solo Performance | Nominated |
| "Mo Money Mo Problems" (with Mase and Puff Daddy) | Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group | Nominated | |
| Life After Death | Best Rap Album | Nominated |
MTV Video Music Awards[link]
The MTV Video Music Awards is an annual awards ceremony established in 1984 by MTV.[93][97][98]
| Year | Nominated work | Award | Result |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1997 | "Hypnotize" | Best Rap Video | Won |
| 1998 | "Mo Money Mo Problems" (with Mase and Puff Daddy) | Best Rap Video | Nominated |
Soul Train Music Awards[link]
The Soul Train Music Awards is an annual awards show that honors black musicians and entertainers.[93][99]
| Year | Nominated work | Award | Result |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1998 | Life After Death | Best R&B/Soul Album, Male | Won |
| "Mo Money Mo Problems" (with Mase and Puff Daddy) | Best R&B/Soul Album | Nominated | |
| Best R&B/Soul or Rap Music Video | Nominated |
The Source Awards[link]
The Source Awards were awarded by hip hop magazine The Source.
| Year | Nominated work | Award | Result |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1995 | The Notorious B.I.G. | New Artist of the Year, Solo | Won |
| Ready to Die | Album of the Year | Won | |
| The Notorious B.I.G. | Lyricist of the Year | Won | |
| The Notorious B.I.G. | Live Performer of the Year | Won |
References[link]
- ^ Notorious B.I.G.: In His Own Words, And Those of His Friends (March 7, 2007). MTV News. Retrieved 2007-03-11.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Huey, Steve. "Notorious B.I.G. > Biography". Allmusic. http://www.allmusic.com/artist/p44889/biography. Retrieved 2006-10-07.
- ^ "Top 100 Albums". RIAA. May 4, 2006. Archived from the original on December 8, 2006. http://web.archive.org/web/20061208083211/http://www.riaa.com/gp/bestsellers/topalbums.asp. Retrieved 2006-12-07.
- ^ a b c d e Huey, Steve. "Ready to Die > Overview". Allmusic. http://www.allmusic.com/album/r203800. Retrieved 2006-10-07.
- ^ a b The Greatest MCs of All Time. MTV. Retrieved 2006-12-26.
- ^ Top selling artists. RIAA. Retrieved 2010-10-10.
- ^ Franklin, Marcus (January 17, 2009). Much change in Biggie Smalls' neighborhood[dead link]. Associated Press via Insider. Retrieved 2010-10-10.
- ^ a b Coker, Cheo H. (March 8, 2005). "Excerpt: Unbelievable – The Life, Death, and Afterlife of The Notorious B.I.G.". Vibe. Archived from the original on February 16, 2009. http://web.archive.org/web/20090216210530/http://www.vibe.com/news/online_exclusives/2004/03/excerpt_unbelievable_life_death_afterlife_notorious_big/.
- ^ a b c d e f Sullivan, Randall (December 5, 2005). "The Unsolved Mystery of the Notorious B.I.G.". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on April 29, 2009. http://web.archive.org/web/20090429075620/http://www.rollingstone.com/news/story/8898338/the_unsolved_mystery_of_the_notorious_big. Retrieved 2006-10-07.
- ^ a b c Touré "Pop Music; Biggie Smalls, Rap's Man of the Moment" The New York Times, 1994-12-18. Retrieved 2008-03-26.
- ^ a b c d e f g Marriott, Michel (March 17, 1997). "The Short Life of a Rap Star, Shadowed by Many Troubles". The New York Times. Retrieved 2008-03-26.
- ^ "Police May Release Sketch of Biggie Gunman" (March 11, 1997). MTV News. Retrieved 2006-12-23.
- ^ "Notorious BIG Photos > Biography". Atlantic Records. http://www.atlanticrecords.com/notoriousbig/bio. Retrieved 2006-11-30. [dead link]
- ^ Swihart, Stanton. "Blue Funk > Overview". Allmusic. http://www.allmusic.com/album/r58470. Retrieved 2006-10-06.
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- ^ a b c d Biggie Duets – The Final Chapter (Timeline). Retrieved 2006-12-28
- ^ Scott, Cathy (2000). The Murder of Biggie Smalls. New York City: St. Martin's Press. p. 31. ISBN 0-312-26620-0.
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- ^ "RIAA searchable database". RIAA. Archived from the original on October 15, 2006. http://web.archive.org/web/20061015200016/http://www.riaa.com/gp/database/default.asp. Retrieved 2006-10-07.
- ^ a b c Ready to Die (Explicit) Tower Records (Muze data). Retrieved 2006-12-10.
- ^ a b Tyrangiel, Josh (November 13, 2006). "The All-TIME Albums" Time. Retrieved 2006-12-10.
- ^ Lane, Hai, Lydia Junior M.A.F.I.A. Biography Allmusic. Retrieved 2007-02-18.
- ^ "The Source Hip-Hop Music Awards 1995". The 411 online. http://www.the411online.com/source95.html. Retrieved 2006-10-07.
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- ^ Caramanica, Jon et al. (April 2003). "The Making of Life After Death: Many Men". XXL. Retrieved 2007-01-06.
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- ^ "Paper investigates rapper murder" (September 6, 2002). BBC News Online. Retrieved 2007-01-26.
- ^ "The Times retracts Tupac Shakur story". Los Angeles Times. April 7, 2008. http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/la-et-quadretraction7apr07,0,123481,full.story. "The Times has since concluded that the FBI reports were fabricated and that some of the other sources relied on -- including the person Philips previously believed to be the "confidential source" cited in the FBI reports -- do not support major elements of the story." >
- ^ "Notorious B.I.G. Loses Lawsuit". MTV News. 1997-01-27. Retrieved 2006-12-23.
- ^ Brown, Jake (May 24, 2004). Ready to Die: The Story of Biggie Smalls Notorious B.I.G.. Colossus Books. p. 122. ISBN 0-9749779-3-4.
- ^ "Biggie Told Interviewer He Worried About Safety". MTV News. March 12, 1997. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1425831/19970312/notorious_big.jhtml. Retrieved 2008-05-06.
- ^ Purdum, Todd S. (March 10, 1997). "Rapper Is Shot to Death in Echo of Killing 6 Months Ago". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/1997/03/10/us/rapper-is-shot-to-death-in-echo-of-killing-6-months-ago.html. Retrieved 2009-02-23.
- ^ Cathy Scott. "Rap slaying similar to Shakur's". Las Vegas Sun. March 10, 1997.
- ^ a b Fuchs, Cynthia (September 6, 2002). "Biggie and Tupac review" PopMatters. Retrieved 2007-01-02.
- ^ a b Serpick, Evan (April 12, 2002). "Review: Rappers' deaths probed in 'LAbyrinth'" Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved 2007-01-02.
- ^ a b c d Philips, Chuck "Slain rapper's family keeps pushing suit" Los Angeles Times, February 7, 2007. Retrieved 2007-04-14.
- ^ Duvoisin, Marc and Sullivan, Randall (January 12, 2006). "L.A. Times Responds to Biggie Story"[dead link] Rolling Stone. Retrieved 2007-02-05. Archived August 17, 2007 at the Wayback Machine[dead link]
- ^ Philips, Chuck (July 31, 2006). "LAPD Renews Search for Rapper's Killer". Los Angeles Times. http://www.lapd.com/article.aspx?&a=4084. Retrieved 2007-01-20.
- ^ "LAPD launching new Notorious BIG task force". Associated Press. August 3, 2006. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/14118674/. Retrieved 2006-09-29.
- ^ "An AC360° Cold Case: Mystery still surrounds rappers' deaths," January 6, 2011
- ^ Rowlands, Ted (2011-01-06). "Update: Investigation heats up in shooting of rapper Biggie Smalls". CNN. http://ac360.blogs.cnn.com/2011/01/06/update-investigation-heats-up-in-shooting-of-rapper-biggie-smalls/. Retrieved 2011-01-07.
- ^ FBI releases documents on Notorious B.I.G.'s murder; what did they find?, EW.com, 7 April 2011
- ^ Coman, Nick. "Biggie Smalls' Death Recalled 14 Years Later by Celtics Center Shaquille O'Neal". NESN. http://www.nesn.com/2011/03/biggie-smalls-death-recalled-14-years-later-by-celtics-center-shaquille-oneal.html. Retrieved 2011-03-11.
- ^ Estate of Wallace v. City of Los Angeles, 229 F.R.D. 163 (C.D. Cal. 2005);Reid, Shaheem (July 5, 2005). "Notorious B.I.G. Wrongful-Death Case Declared A Mistrial". MTV News. Retrieved 2007-02-14.
- ^ Finn, Natalie (April 18, 2007). "An Extra B.I.G. Suit". E! Online. http://www.eonline.com/uberblog/b54934_extra_big_suit.html. Retrieved 2009-08-02.
- ^ Estate of Christopher G.L. Wallace v. City of Los Angeles, et al., 2:07-cv-02956-FMC-RZx, slip op. at 15 (C.D. Cal. Dec. 17, 2007) (Cooper, J.).
- ^ Complaint, Estate of Christopher G.L. Wallace v. City of Los Angeles, et al., 2:07-cv-02956-FMC-RZx (C.D. Cal. May 27, 2008).
- ^ Estate of Christopher G.L. Wallace v. City of Los Angeles, et al., 2:07-cv-02956-FMC-RZx, slip op. at 4 (C.D. Cal. Apr. 5, 2009) (Nguyen, J.); Biggie Smalls wrongful death lawsuit dismissed (April 20, 2010). music.yahoo.com. Retrieved 2010-10-10.
- ^ "Lawsuit involving rapper death dismissed". Associated Press. Yahoo!. January 20, 2007. http://new.music.yahoo.com/notorious-b-i-g/news/lawsuit-involving-rapper-death-dismissed--39372003. Retrieved 2009-08-02.
- ^ Birchmeier, Jason Life After Death review Allmusic. Retrieved 2007-01-08.
- ^ "B.I.G. Gets Props from Spin"[dead link] Rolling Stone, December 7, 1997. Retrieved 2006-12-26. Archived August 17, 2007 at the Wayback Machine[dead link]
- ^ 1998 Grammy Awards – Rap music winners[dead link] CNN. Retrieved 2007-01-27. Archived December 5, 2007 at the Wayback Machine[dead link]
- ^ Born Again Tower Records (Muze data). Retrieved 2006-12-10.
- ^ Duets: The Final Chapter Music Review[dead link] (January 12, 2006). Rolling Stone. Retrieved 2006-12-10. Archived July 16, 2007 at the Wayback Machine[dead link]
- ^ Duets: The Final Chapter > Overview Allmusic. Retrieved on 2006-12-10.
- ^ Egere-Cooper, Matilda (January 26, 2006). "Notorious B.I.G.: an album too far?" The Independent. Retrieved 2006-12-26.
- ^ Music Profiles – The Notorious B.I.G. BBC News Online. Retrieved 2007-01-27.
- ^ Moss, Corey (August 25, 2005). "Green Day Clean Up, Kelly Clarkson Gets Wet, 50 Rips Into Fat Joe At VMAs". MTV News. Retrieved 2007-02-17.
- ^ "VH1 to give Notorious B.I.G. Hip Hop Honors" ( June 25, 2005). Associated Press. Retrieved 2006-02-17.
- ^ Strong, Nolan (February 8, 2005). "B.I.G.'s Brooklyn Mint Clothing Line Debuts, Jay-Z Gets Down". AllHipHop. http://allhiphop.com/blogs/news/archive/2005/02/08/18129732.aspx. Retrieved 2007-09-07.
- ^ The Licensing Letter (July 17, 2006), Properties Available for Licensing, EPM
- ^ Wolfe, Roman (June 22, 2006). "Limited Action Figures of B.I.G., Public Enemy Coming This Fall". AllHipHop. http://allhiphop.com/blogs/news/archive/2006/06/22/18131214.aspx. Retrieved 2007-09-07.
- ^ Reid, Shaheem; Calloway, Sway (March 21, 2003). "Biggie, Jam Master Jay, Left Eye and Their Mothers Honored at B.I.G. Night Out". MTV News. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1470495/20030312/story.jhtml. Retrieved 2006-08-01.
- ^ Life After Death review[dead link] Rolling Stone, December 7, 1997. Retrieved 2007-01-07 Archived August 17, 2007 at the Wayback Machine[dead link]
- ^ a b c d Notorious B.I.G.:Biography[dead link] Rolling Stone. Retrieved on 2006-12-26 Archived February 16, 2006 at the Wayback Machine[dead link]
- ^ a b Krims, Adam (2000). Rap Music and the Poetics of Identity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 85. ISBN 0-521-63447-4. http://books.google.com/?id=Gg8UiSodjz8C&dq=Rap+Music+and+the+Poetics+of+Identity.
- ^ Smith, William E. (2005). Hip-hop as Performance and Ritual: Biography and Ethnography in Underground Hip Hop. Trafford Publishing. p. 163. ISBN 1-4120-5394-3. http://books.google.com/?id=KhfYjik1tzIC&dq=Hip-hop+as+Performance+and+Ritual.
- ^ a b Edwards, Paul, 2009, How to Rap: The Art & Science of the Hip-Hop MC, Chicago Review Press, p. 100.
- ^ Edwards, Paul, 2009, How to Rap: The Art & Science of the Hip-Hop MC, Chicago Review Press, p. 112.
- ^ Edwards, Paul, 2009, How to Rap: The Art & Science of the Hip-Hop MC, Chicago Review Press, p. x.
- ^ Edwards, Paul, 2009, How to Rap: The Art & Science of the Hip-Hop MC, Chicago Review Press, p. 53.
- ^ Edwards, Paul, 2009, How to Rap: The Art & Science of the Hip-Hop MC, Chicago Review Press, p. 144.
- ^ a b Andrea Duncan (March 9, 2006). The Making of Ready to Die: Family Business XXL. Retrieved 2008-03-18.
- ^ a b Christgau, Robert Life After Death review Consumer Guide Reviews. Retrieved 2007-01-07.
- ^ a b Notorious B.I.G.: Still the Illest. MTV. Retrieved 2006-12-26.
- ^ Edwards, Paul, 2009, How to Rap: The Art & Science of the Hip-Hop MC, Chicago Review Press, p. 14.
- ^ Edwards, Paul, 2009, How to Rap: The Art & Science of the Hip-Hop MC, Chicago Review Press, p. 44.
- ^ Brown, Jake (May 24, 2004). Ready to Die: The Story of Biggie Smalls Notorious B.I.G.. Colossus Books. p. 66. ISBN 0-9749779-3-4.
- ^ a b Pareles, Jon (March 10, 1997). "Rapping, Living and Dying a Gangsta Life". The New York Times. Retrieved 2008-03-26.
- ^ Ex, Kris (November 6, 2006). "The History of Cocaine Rap:All White". XXL magazine. Retrieved 2007-02-10.
- ^ Rolling Stone. Retrieved on 2006-12-26
- ^ Shooting erupts at Notorious movie (January 17, 2009). Greensboro News & Record. Retrieved 2009-10-13.
- ^ Melena Ryzik (October 8, 2007) Dreaming Big About Acting Big The New York Times. Retrieved 2007-11-28.
- ^ Beanie Sigel Auditions for Role of Biggie Smalls in New Biopic (October 3, 2007). XXL. Retrieved 2007-11-28.
- ^ Sean Kingston: Big, But Not B.I.G. (August 30, 2007). Vibe. Retrieved 2007-11-28.
- ^ Brooklyn Rapper Gravy to Play Biggie in Upcoming Biopic (March 6, 2008). XXL. Retrieved 2007-11-28.
- ^ Wallace, Voletta, "Christopher Wallace Jr.". Interview Magazine. Retrieved 2010-11-24.
- ^ Gravy for Biggie (March 6, 2008). Joblo.com. Retrieved 2008-03-06.
- ^ Reid, Shaheem (December 3, 2008). "'Notorious' Soundtrack Details Revealed: Features Jay-Z, Jadakiss, Faith Evans, Biggie's Son". MTV News. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1600597/20081203/notorious_big.jhtml. Retrieved 2008-12-27.
- ^ a b c d "The Notorious B.I.G.". Rock on the Net. http://www.rockonthenet.com/artists-n/notoriousbig_main.htm. Retrieved 2008-10-18.
- ^ Waxman, Sharon (March 10, 1997). "`Gangsta' Rap Singer Slain in L.A.; Notorious B.I.G. Killing Similar to Shakur Death". The Washington Post. http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-705440.html.
- ^ "Grammy Awards". The Washington Post. February 25, 1996.
- ^ Harrington, Richard (January 7, 1998). "Grammy's Nods". The Washington Post.
- ^ "1997 Video Music Awards". MTV. http://www.mtv.com/ontv/vma/1997/. Retrieved 2008-10-18.
- ^ "1998 Video Music Awards". MTV. http://www.mtv.com/ontv/vma/1998/. Retrieved 2008-10-18.
- ^ "Janet, Puffy Performing At Soul Train Awards". Rolling Stone. February 27, 1998. http://www.billboard.com/news/janet-puffy-to-perform-at-soul-train-awards-952119.story#/news/janet-puffy-to-perform-at-soul-train-awards-952119.story. Retrieved 2008-10-18.
Further reading[link]
- Coker, Cheo Hodari (2004). Unbelievable: The Life, Death, and Afterlife of the Notorious B.I.G.. New York: Three Rivers Press. ISBN 0-609-80835-4.
- Wallace, Voletta; McKenzie, Tremell and Evans, Faith (foreword) (2005). Biggie: Voletta Wallace Remembers Her Son, Christopher Wallace, aka Notorious B.I.G.. Atria. ISBN 0-7434-7020-6.
External links[link]
|
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: The Notorious B.I.G. |
- Official website
- B.I.G. Action Figure Notorious B.I.G. official first ever action figure.
- Notorious Movie "Notorious" Movie Official Site
- biggiesmalls-rapphenomenon.com Biggie Smalls - Rap Phenomenon DVD documentary official site
- FBI file on Christopher Wallace
- NotoriousOnline.org – NotoriousOnline.org is a Non-profit website in memory of the late great Notorious BIG a.k.a. Biggie Smalls.
- The Notorious B.I.G. at MTV
- Christopher Wallace collected news and commentary at The New York Times
- Christopher G. Wallace (Notorious B.I.G.) collected news and commentary at The New York Times
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| Notable accused officers | Victims | Coverup and investigation | Gang involvement | Other elements |
|
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Notorious B.I.G., The |
| Alternative names | Wallace, Christopher George Letore |
| Short description | Rapper |
| Date of birth | May 21, 1972 |
| Place of birth | Brooklyn, New York City, New York, United States |
| Date of death | March 9, 1997 |
| Place of death | Los Angeles, California, United States |
http://wn.com/The_Notorious_B.I.G.
Related pages:
http://ru.wn.com/The Notorious B.I.G.
http://es.wn.com/The Notorious B.I.G.
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Notorious_B.I.G.
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Taarak Mehta | |
|---|---|
| Born | 1930 (age 81–82) |
| Occupation | columnist, humorist,writer |
Tarak Mehta (born 1930) is an Indian columnist, humorist, writer and playwright. best known for the column Duniya Na Undha Chasma in Gujarati Language. He has translated and adapted several comedies into Gujarati, and has been well-known figure in the Gujarati theatre.[1]
The humorous weekly column first appeared in Chitralekha in March 1971 and ever since has been looking at contemporary issues from a different perspective. He has published 80 books, over the years, three books are based on the columns he wrote in Gujarati newspaper, Divya Bhaskar while rest were compiled from the stories in Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah.[2]
In 2008 SAB TV, a popular entertainment channel in India, started a show Taarak Mehta Ka Ooltah Chashmah that is based on his column.,[3] and soon it became the flagship show of the channel.[4]
Personal life[link]
He stays in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, where he moved in year 2000, with second wife, Indu of over 30 years, His first wife, Ila who later married Manohar Doshi, (died 2006), also stayed in the same apartment building. He has daughter from his first marriage, Ishani, who stays in US, and has two children, Kushan and Shaili.[2][5]
Bibliography[link]
- Duniya ne Oondha Chashmah
- Aa Duniya Panjarapole
- Action Reply ½
- Albelun America Vanthelun America
- Bagicha Ni Hadvi Havama
- Bahero Hase Be Vay...!
- Champaklal Tapuni Jugalbandhi
- Betaj Batali Baj Popatlal Taraj
- Taarak mehta ka oolta chashmah
References[link]
- ^ Contemporary Indian theatre: interviews with playwrights and directors. Sangeet Natak Akademi. 1989. p. 159.
- ^ a b "Tarak Mehta is 'booked'!". DNA (newspaper). Mar 9, 2009. http://www.dnaindia.com/lifestyle/report_tarak-mehta-is-booked-_1237837.
- ^ "Comedy Inc!". Indian Express. Jul 02 2010. http://www.indianexpress.com/news/comedy-inc/640054/0.
- ^ "Laughing away to success". Indian Express. Jul 30 2010. http://www.indianexpress.com/news/laughing-away-to-success/652415/0.
- ^ "Tragedy strikes Tarak Mehta". The Times of India. Jul 14, 2009. http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-07-14/ahmedabad/28171060_1_indu-seventh-floor-mumbai.
- "Tarak Mehta". The Statesman. http://www.thestatesman.net/page.arcview.php?clid=26&id=245516&usrsess=1. Retrieved 2009-04-20.
- http://www.glamsham.com/dramas/features/tarak_mehta.pdf - contains a lot of information about Tarak Mehta
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Mehta, Taarak |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | 1930 |
| Place of birth | |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
 |
This article about an Indian writer or poet is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |
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| Justin Bieber | |
|---|---|
 Justin Bieber at the NRJ Music Awards in Cannes, France in 2012 |
|
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Justin Drew Bieber[1] |
| Born | (1994-03-01) March 1, 1994 (age 18)[2] London, Ontario, Canada |
| Origin | Stratford, Ontario, Canada |
| Genres | Pop, R&B, teen pop[3][4][5] |
| Occupations | Singer-songwriter, musician, actor |
| Instruments | Vocals, guitar, piano, percussion,[6] trumpet[7] |
| Years active | 2008–present |
| Labels | Island, RBMG |
| Associated acts | Usher, Ludacris |
| Website | justinbiebermusic.com |
Justin Drew Bieber (
/ˈbiːbər/ BEE-bər, born March 1, 1994)[2] is a Canadian Pop/R&B singer-songwriter, musician, and actor.[3][5] Bieber was discovered in 2008 by Scooter Braun,[8] who came across Bieber's videos on YouTube and later became his manager. Braun arranged for him to meet with Usher in Atlanta, Georgia, and Bieber was soon signed to Raymond Braun Media Group (RBMG), a joint venture between Braun and Usher,[9] and then to a recording contract with Island Records offered by L.A. Reid.[6][10] Bieber's debut single, "One Time", was released in 2009 and peaked in the top twenty in Canada and charted in the top thirty in several international markets. His debut album, the seven-track EP My World, followed in November 2009, and was soon certified platinum in the United States. He became the first artist to have seven songs from a debut album chart on the Billboard Hot 100.[11]
Bieber's first full-length studio album, My World 2.0, was released in March 2010. It debuted at number one or within the top ten in several countries and was certified platinum in the United States. It was preceded by the worldwide top-ten single, "Baby". The music video of "Baby" is currently ranked as the most viewed and most discussed YouTube video.[12] Bieber followed up the release of his debut album with his first headlining tour, the My World Tour, the remix albums My Worlds Acoustic and Never Say Never – The Remixes, and the 3D biopic-concert film Justin Bieber: Never Say Never, that nearly matched the record for the biggest opening weekend gross for a concert-film. Bieber released his second studio album, Under the Mistletoe, in November 2011, which debuted at number one on the Billboard 200. Bieber has received numerous awards, including Artist of the Year at the 2010 American Music Awards, and has been nominated for such awards as Best New Artist and Best Pop Vocal Album at the 53rd Grammy Awards. In 2012, Bieber was named Forbes 3rd most powerful celebrity in the world, earning $55 million. As of May 2012, Bieber has sold 15 million albums.[13]
Contents |
Early life[link]
Bieber was born on March 1, 1994, in London, Ontario in St Joseph's Hospital,[14][15] and was raised in Stratford, Ontario.[16] Bieber's mother, Patricia Lynn "Pattie" Mallette, was 18 years old when she became pregnant. Mallette, originally from Stratford, raised her son with the help of her parents, Bruce and Diane.[17] Mallette worked a series of low-paying office jobs, raising Bieber as a single mother in low-income housing. Bieber has maintained contact with his father, Jeremy Jack Bieber, who married another woman and had two children.[18][19][20] Bieber's great-grandfather was from Germany.[21] Bieber's mother's ancestry is French Canadian.[22] Bieber attended a French immersion elementary school in Stratford called Jeanne Sauvé Catholic School.[17]
During his childhood, Bieber was interested in hockey, soccer, and chess; he often kept his musical aspirations to himself.[18] As he grew up, Bieber taught himself to play the piano, drums, guitar, and trumpet.[16][23] In early 2007, when he was twelve, Bieber sang Ne-Yo's "So Sick" for a local singing competition in Stratford and was placed second.[6][23] Mallette posted a video of the performance on YouTube for their family and friends to see. She continued to upload videos of Bieber singing covers of various R&B songs, and Bieber's popularity on the site grew.[10] Chris Hicks, Bieber's A&R at Island/Def Jam, explained the young artist's huge online following to HitQuarters by saying:
"He was doing something different. He was an attractive white kid singing very soulful R&B hits. That set him apart immediately from anyone in his range because no one was covering or singing these kind of records. But equally important was that you believed in these songs – it was real. And you wanted to hear more."[24]
Career[link]
[edit] 2008–09: Discovery and My World
While searching for videos of a different singer, Scooter Braun, a former marketing executive of So So Def, clicked on one of Bieber's 2007 videos by accident.[18] Impressed, Braun tracked down the theater Bieber was performing in, located Bieber's school, and finally contacted Mallette. Mallette was reluctant because of Braun's Jewish religion; she remembered praying, "God, I gave him to you. You could send me a Christian man, a Christian label! ... you don’t want this Jewish kid to be Justin’s man, do you?"[18] However, after praying with her church elders and receiving their encouragement, she permitted Braun to fly Bieber, then 13,[10] to Atlanta, Georgia, to record demo tapes.[18] A week after arriving, Bieber sang for R&B singer/songwriter Usher.[25] Bieber was soon signed to Raymond Braun Media Group (RBMG), a joint venture between Braun and Usher.[9] Justin Timberlake was also reportedly in the running to sign Bieber, but lost the bidding war to Usher.[9][26] Usher then sought assistance in finding a label home for the artist from then manager Chris Hicks, who helped engineer an audition with his contact Antonio L.A. Reid of Island Def Jam Music Group.[24] Reid signed Bieber to Island Records in October 2008 (resulting in a joint venture between RBMG and Island Records) and appointed Hicks as executive Vice-President of Def Jam where he would be able manage Bieber's career at the label.[6][9][10][24] At that point, Bieber and his mother moved to Atlanta temporarily, also the home of Usher and Braun, to record and get counseling from Braun.[9] Braun became Bieber's manager.[10]
Bieber's first single, "One Time", was released to radio while Bieber was still recording his debut album.[27] The song reached number 12 on the Canadian Hot 100 during its first week of release in July 2009,[10] and later peaked at number 17 on the Billboard Hot 100. During fall 2009 it had success in international markets.[28] The song was certified Platinum in Canada and the US and Gold in Australia and New Zealand.[29][30][31] Bieber's first release, an extended play entitled My World, was released on November 17, 2009. The album's second single, "One Less Lonely Girl", and two promo singles, "Love Me", and "Favorite Girl", were released exclusively on the iTunes store and charted within the top forty of the Billboard Hot 100.[28] "One Less Lonely Girl" was later also released to radio and peaked within the top fifteen in Canada and the US, being certified Gold in the latter.[28] My World was eventually certified Platinum in the US and Double Platinum in both Canada and the UK.[31][32][33] To promote the album, Bieber performed on several live shows such as mtvU's VMA 09 Tour, European program The Dome, YTV's The Next Star, The Today Show,[34][35] The Wendy Williams Show, Lopez Tonight, The Ellen DeGeneres Show, It's On with Alexa Chung, Good Morning America, Chelsea Lately, and BET's 106 & Park with Rihanna. Bieber also guest starred in an episode of True Jackson, VP in late 2009.[36]
Bieber performed Stevie Wonder's "Someday at Christmas" for U.S. President Barack Obama and first lady Michelle Obama at the White House for Christmas in Washington, which was broadcast on December 20, 2009, on U.S. television broadcaster TNT.[37] Bieber was also one of the performers at Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve with Ryan Seacrest on December 31, 2009.[38] Bieber was a presenter at the 52nd Grammy Awards on January 31, 2010. He was invited to be a vocalist for the remake of We Are The World (a song written by Michael Jackson and Lionel Richie) for its 25th anniversary to benefit Haiti after the earthquake. Bieber sings the opening line, which was sung by Lionel Richie in the original version.[39] On March 12, 2010, a version of K'naan's "Wavin' Flag" recorded by a collective of Canadian musicians known as Young Artists for Haiti was released. Bieber is featured in the song, performing the closing lines.
[edit] 2010–11: My World 2.0 and Never Say Never film
"Baby", the lead single from his debut album, My World 2.0, which features Ludacris, was released in January 2010 and became his biggest hit thus far, charting at number five in the U.S. and reaching the top ten in seven other countries.[28] Two promo singles "Never Let You Go", and "U Smile" were top thirty hits on the U.S. Hot 100, and top twenty hits in Canada.[28] According to review aggregator Metacritic, the album has received "generally favorable reviews".[40] It debuted at number one on the U.S. Billboard 200, making Bieber the youngest solo male act to top the chart since Stevie Wonder in 1963.[41] My World 2.0 also debuted at number one on the Canadian Albums Chart, Irish Albums Chart, Australian Albums Chart, and the New Zealand Albums Chart[28] and reached the top ten of fifteen other countries.[42][43] To promote the album, Bieber appeared on several live programs including The View, the 2010 Kids Choice Awards, Nightline, The Late Show with David Letterman, The Dome and 106 and Park.[44] Bieber collaborated with Sean Kingston on his single "Eenie Meenie" which also appeared on Bieber's debut album. The song reached the top ten in the United Kingdom and Australia, and the top-twenty of most other markets.
On April 10, 2010, Bieber was the musical guest on Saturday Night Live.[45] On July 4, 2010, Bieber performed at the Macy's Fourth of July Fireworks Spectacular in New York City.[46] The second single from My World 2.0, "Somebody to Love", was released in April 2010, and a remix was released featuring Bieber's mentor Usher. The single reached number ten in Canada, number fifteen in the United States, and the top twenty in multiple international countries.
On June 23, 2010, Bieber went on his first official headlining tour, the My World Tour, starting in Hartford, Connecticut, to promote My World and My World 2.0.[47] In July 2010, it was reported that Bieber was the most searched for celebrity on the Internet.[48] That same month his music video, "Baby", surpassed Lady Gaga's "Bad Romance" to become the most viewed, and most disliked YouTube video ever.[49] In September 2010, it was reported that Bieber accounted for three percent of all traffic on Twitter, according to an employee of the social-networking site.[50]
Bieber began recording his second album in July 2010 in New York City.[51] At this point, because of puberty, his voice was deeper than it was when he recorded his first album. In April 2010, the singer discussing his vocals remarked, "It cracks. Like every teenage boy, I'm dealing with it and I have the best vocal coach in the world. [...] Some of the notes I hit on "Baby" I can't hit anymore. We have to lower the key when I sing live."[52]
Bieber guest-starred in the season premiere of the CBS crime drama CSI: Crime Scene Investigation, which aired on September 23, 2010. He played a "troubled teen who is faced with a difficult decision regarding his only brother", who is also a serial bomber. Bieber was also in a subsequent episode which aired on February 17, 2011, in which his character is killed.[53] Bieber performed a medley of "U Smile", "Baby", and "Somebody to Love" and briefly played the drums at the 2010 MTV Video Music Awards on September 12, 2010.[54] Bieber announced in October 2010 that he would release an acoustic album, called My Worlds Acoustic.[55] It was released on Black Friday in the United States and featured acoustic versions of songs from his previous albums, and accompanied the release of a completely new song titled "Pray".[56]
A 3-D part-biopic, part-concert film starring Bieber entitled Justin Bieber: Never Say Never, was released on February 11, 2011, directed by Step Up 3D director Jon Chu. It topped the box office with an estimated gross of $12.4 million on its opening day from 3,105 theaters.[57] It grossed $30.3 million for the weekend and was narrowly beaten by the romantic comedy Just Go With It, which grossed $31 million.[58] Never Say Never is said to have exceeded industry expectations, nearly matching the $31.1 million grossed by Miley Cyrus's 2008 3-D concert film, Hannah Montana & Miley Cyrus: Best of Both Worlds Concert, which holds the record for the top debut for a music-documentary.[59][60] Never Say Never grossed a total of $98,441,954 worldwide.[61] The film is accompanied by his second remix album, Never Say Never – The Remixes, released February 14, 2011, and features remixes of songs from his debut album, with guest appearances from Miley Cyrus, Chris Brown, and Kanye West, among others.[62]
[edit] 2011–present: Under The Mistletoe and Believe
On February 27, 2011, Bieber attended the 2011 Vanity Fair Oscar Party with American actress and singer Selena Gomez,[63] confirming several months of media speculation about a romantic relationship between the pair.[64][65][66][67][68][69]
In June 2011, Bieber was ranked number 2 on the Forbes list of Best-Paid Celebrities under 30. He is the youngest star and 1 of 7 musicians on the list raking in with $53 million earned in a 12 month period.[70] On November 1, 2011, Bieber released Under the Mistletoe, his second studio album.[71] It debuted at number one on the Billboard 200, selling 210,000 copies in its first week of release.[72]
In late 2011, Bieber began recording his third studio album, entitled Believe. Kanye West and Drake are confirmed to be featured on the album.[73] On February 22, 2012, Bieber announced via Twitter that the first single off Believe will be released in March 2012.[74] The following week, Bieber appeared on The Ellen DeGeneres Show to announce that the first single will be called "Boyfriend" and was released on March 26, 2012.[75] The song was co-written by Mike Posner.[76] The second single, Die In Your Arms, was released on May 29th, 2012. [77]
Image[link]
Justin Bieber has a higher score on the Klout online "influence" scale than Barack Obama or The Dalai Lama.[78] According to Jan Hoffman of The New York Times, part of Bieber's appeal stems from his YouTube channel. Long before he released his EP, My World, in mid-November, the YouTube videos attracted millions of views.[18] Braun recognized the appeal. Prior to flying him to Atlanta, Braun wanted to "build him up more on YouTube first" and had Bieber record more home videos for the channel. "I said: 'Justin, sing like there’s no one in the room. But let's not use expensive cameras.' We'll give it to kids, let them do the work, so that they feel like it's theirs", recalled Braun.[18] Bieber continues to upload videos to the same channel and has opened a Twitter account, from which he interacts with fans regularly;[10] his account was reported in November 2010 to have over 6 million followers.[79] Since then he has been consistently gaining followers at an average of 24,000 per day.[80] The accounts also serve marketing purposes; for example, Bieber's music video for "One Time" only began selling quickly after it was uploaded to YouTube.[81]
Usher comments that while he and Bieber were both signed at the same age, "I had the chance to ramp up my success, where this has happened to Bieber abruptly." As a result, Usher, Braun, Bieber's bodyguard Kenny, and other adults surrounding Bieber constantly coach him on handling fame and his public image.[18] After signing Bieber, Usher appointed one of his former assistants, Ryan Good, to be Bieber's road manager and stylist. Good, once nicknamed Bieber's "swagger coach", created a "streetwise look" for the singer which consisted of baseball caps, hoodies, dog chains and flashy sneakers. Amy Kaufman of The Los Angeles Times comments, "Though a product of a middle-class suburban upbringing in Stratford, Ontario, Bieber's manner of dress and speech ("Wassup man, how you doin'?" or "It's like, you know, whateva' ") suggest he's mimicking his favorite rappers."[82]
Bieber is often featured in teen magazines such as Tiger Beat,[18] and has been labeled as a "teen heartthrob".[83] Bieber has released a collection of nail varnishes to raise awareness for charity.[84] Wax statues of Bieber are on display at Madame Tussauds wax museums in New York, Amsterdam and London.[85] His change of hairstyle in 2010, and the consequent alterations to Bieber products, led to it being called 'the most expensive musical haircut of all time;[86] one company spent $100,000 to fix its dolls for the 2011 Christmas season.[87]
Bieber has been criticized for looking and sounding younger than his age, his teen-pop music, image, and frequent media attention.[88] He has been a frequent target of Internet bloggers and message board posters, notably by users of Internet message board 4chan and users of YouTube.[89] Nick Collins of The Daily Telegraph speculated that "Bieber's character also appears to strike a particularly sour note with his Internet critics, with many remarks commenting on his youthful appearance, his teen-pop songs, his image as a heart-throb to young teenage girls and his manner of speech".[90]
Personal views and life[link]
Bieber is a Christian,[91] and said he has a relationship with Jesus, talks to him and that "he's the reason I'm here".[92]
Bieber's comments in a February 2011 profile in Rolling Stone sparked controversy.[93] Asked about abstinence, Bieber responded, "I don't think you should have sex with anyone unless you love them." He said he does not "believe in abortion" and that it is "like killing a baby".[94] He described sexual orientation as "everyone's own decision."[95] Bieber has contributed to the It Gets Better Project,[96] which aims to prevent suicide among LGBT youth.[97]
Bieber has said he is not interested in obtaining United States citizenship and has criticized America's health care system. Praising Canada as being "the best country in the world", he cited its health care system as a model example.[94]
In May 2012, Bieber purchased a 10,000 square-foot mansion on 1.3 acres of land, located in the community of Calabasas, California, a suburb of Los Angeles.[98]
Twitter[link]
Main article: Justin Bieber on Twitter
As of April 2012[update], Bieber's Twitter account (@justinbieber) is the second most popular celebrity account behind that of Lady Gaga.[99] By mid-April 2012, he had over 20 million followers.[100][101] His follower acquisition is one new follower every other second.[102][103] His popularity on Twitter at one point accounted for three percent of all Twitter related traffic, with a Twitter employee commenting that "racks of servers are dedicated" to Bieber.[103][104][105][106][107][108][109][110][111][112] This resulted in over 180 million page views for the service each month.[105] Bieber was frequently a trending topic on Twitter when the feature first launched[105] because his fans frequently discussed him on the network. [113] and was named the top trending star on Twitter in 2010;[114] Klout gave his account a score of 100.[115][116]
The size of Bieber's and Gaga's follower bases are cited as a reason why marketers should pay attention to Twitter:[117] with an ability to reach millions of people with a single tweet.[117] 8.3% of tweets mentioning "bieber" were semi-automated and probably Twitter related spam.[118] Research done about Twitter and the 2011 Egyptian revolution includes Bieber as he made tweets about the topic at a time when he had roughly 8 million followers. His multiple tweets resulted in 32,000 responses each, which made Bieber's Twitter account one of the single largest nodes for discussion about the uprising one of the largest on Twitter.[119][120]
In March 2012, Bieber fans launched an unsuccessful attempt to unseat Lady Gaga as the most popular celebrity on Twitter. Neither Bieber nor Lady Gaga discussed their mutual fanbase's campaigns on Twitter.[121]
Discography[link]
Main article: Justin Bieber discography
- My World 2.0 (2010)
- Under the Mistletoe (2011)
- Believe (2012)
Tours[link]
- 2009: Urban Behavior Tour
- 2010–2011: My World Tour
- 2012-2013: Believe Tour
Filmography[link]
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2009 | True Jackson, VP | Himself | Guest star |
| My Date With... | |||
| 2010 | Silent Library | ||
| School Gyrls | Cameo | ||
| Saturday Night Live | Guest star/performer | Ep 35.18 | |
| CSI: Crime Scene Investigation | Jason McCann | Shock Waves (Season 11, Episode 1) | |
| Hubworld | Guest star | Season 1, Episode 1 | |
| The X Factor (UK) | Performer | Series 7, Week 8 | |
| 2011 | Extreme Makeover: Home Edition | Guest star[122] | |
| CSI: Crime Scene Investigation | Jason McCann | Targets of Obsession (Season 11, Episode 15). | |
| Khloé & Lamar | Himself | Episode:The Father In Law (uncredited) Himself playing the NBA Celebrity All Star Game | |
| Saturday Night Live | Guest star | Ep. 36.14 | |
| Justin Bieber: Never Say Never[123] | Himself | Film produced by MTV Films and distributed by Paramount Pictures released February 2011 in United States; and March to April worldwide[124] The official movie trailer was released on October 26[125] | |
| Dancing With The Stars | Guest star | Week 7 Result Show | |
| So Random! | Himself | He performed in December 2011. | |
| Disney Parks Christmas Day Parade | Guest star | Performed at Walt Disney World Resort | |
| The X Factor (UK) | Performer | Series 8, Week 9 | |
| 2012 | Men in Black 3 | Baby Alien |
Awards and nominations[link]
Main article: List of awards and nominations received by Justin Bieber
References[link]
- ^ Greenblatt, Leah (March 10, 2010). "My World 2.0 (2010)". Time. http://www.ew.com/ew/article/0,,20350064,00.html?xid=rss-music-reviews-My+World+2.0. Retrieved 2010-06-11.
- ^ a b London, Ontario, CanadaAnderson, Kyle (February 22, 2010). "Justin Bieber Joins The Ranks Of Youngest 'SNL' Performers". MTV Newsroom. http://newsroom.mtv.com/2010/02/22/justin-bieber-saturday-night-live/. Retrieved 2010-02-24.
- ^ a b "Justin Bieber Biography & Awards". Billboard. http://www.billboard.com/artist/justin-bieber/bio/1099520. Retrieved 2010-06-15.
- ^ Farber, Jim (March 23, 2010). "Justin Bieber, 'My World 2.0'". New York Daily News. http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/music/2010/03/23/2010-03-23_rbpop_mix_on_my_world_20_cant_beef_up_justin_biebers_young_tone.html. Retrieved 2010-06-14.
- ^ a b Collar, Matt; Leahey, Andrew. "allmusic ((( Justin Bieber > Overview )))". Macrovision Corporation. http://www.allmusic.com/artist/p1152032. Retrieved 2009-10-21.
- ^ a b c d Mitchell, Gail (April 28, 2009). "Usher Introduces Teen Singer Justin Bieber". Billboard. e5 Global Media. http://www.billboard.com/bbcom/news/usher-introduces-teen-singer-justin-bieber-1003966989.story#/bbcom/news/usher-introduces-teen-singer-justin-bieber-1003966989.story. Retrieved 2009-07-23.
- ^ "MTV- Justin Bieber artist profile". MTV. http://www.mtv.com/music/artist/bieber_justin/artist.jhtml. Retrieved 2009-12-22.
- ^ Konjicanin, Anja (December 24, 2010). "Justin Bieber makes them proud. But why?". Vancouver Observer. http://www.vancouverobserver.com/politics/news/2010/12/24/justin-bieber-makes-them-proud-why. Retrieved 2011-01-11.
- ^ a b c d e Herrera, Monica (March 19, 2010). "Justin Bieber – The Billboard Cover Story". Billboard. e5 Global Media. http://www.billboard.com/news/justin-bieber-the-billboard-cover-story-1004074692.story#/news/justin-bieber-the-billboard-cover-story-1004074692.story. Retrieved 2010-05-07.
- ^ a b c d e f g Herrera, Monica (July 13, 2009). ""Time" is right for teen singer Justin Bieber". Reuters. Thomson Reuters. http://www.reuters.com/article/musicNews/idUSTRE56I2BM20090719. Retrieved 2009-07-22.
- ^ "Justin Bieber Fever Hits Miami". CBS News (CBS Interactive). February 5, 2010. http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2010/02/05/earlyshow/leisure/music/main6177327.shtml. Retrieved 2010-03-27.
- ^ "Top 10 YouTube Videos of All Time". Readwriteweb.com. February 9, 2011. http://www.readwriteweb.com/archives/top_10_youtube_videos_of_all_time.php. Retrieved 2011-02-24.
- ^ "Justin Bieber, Venture Capitalist: The Forbes Cover Story". Fobes. http://www.forbes.com/sites/zackomalleygreenburg/2012/05/16/justin-bieber-venture-capitalist-the-forbes-cover-story/. Retrieved May 17, 2012.
- ^ "Justin Bieber's Mom Joins Fight to Keep Canadian Pregnant Teen Shelter Open". The Hollywood Reporter. 2012-02-28. http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/justin-biebers-mom-joins-fight-295774. Retrieved 2012-03-28.
- ^ "Bieber – Birth Certificate" (PDF). TMZ.com. 2010. http://tmz.vo.llnwd.net/o28/newsdesk/tmz_documents/0816_bieber_wm_TMZ.pdf. Retrieved 2010-08-21.
- ^ a b Parvis, Sarah E (2010). Justin Bieber. Kansas, Mo. : Andrews McMeel ; London : Simon & Schuster. pp. 13–17. ISBN 978-1-4494-0181-8. http://books.google.ca/books?id=XQ8YQQv45GkC&lpg=PA40&dq=Justin%20Bieber%20%20Stratford%2C%20Ontario&pg=PA13#v=onepage&q&f=true. Retrieved 2010-08-04.
- ^ a b Infantry, Ashante (May 14, 2010). "Justin Bieber guide added to hometown of Stratford's tourism website". Toronto Star (Toronto). http://www.thestar.com/entertainment/music/article/809366--justin-bieber-guide-added-to-hometown-of-stratford-s-tourism-website. Retrieved 2011-12-16.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Hoffman, Jan (December 31, 2009). "Justin Bieber is Living the Tween Idol Dream". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/03/fashion/03bieber.html.
- ^ Bartolomeo, Joey (June 20, 2010). "Meet Justin Bieber's Rockin' Dad". People (Time Inc.). http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20395400,00.html.
- ^ Holloway, Katya (October 14, 2010). "Bieber fever heats up: Justin Bieber spotted in Vancouver". Vancouver Sun. http://www.vancouversun.com/entertainment/Bieber+fever+heats+Justin+Bieber+spotted+Vancouver/3674168/story.html. Retrieved 2011-02-24. [dead link]
- ^ Robertson, Lindsay (2010-05-05). "Justin Bieber Ridiculed for ‘German’ Mistake | Stop The Presses! – Archives – Yahoo! Music". Music.yahoo.com. http://music.yahoo.com/blogs/stop-the-presses/justin-bieber-ridiculed-for-german-mistake.html. Retrieved 2012-04-24.
- ^ Bieber, Justin (2010). Justin Bieber: First Step 2 Forever (100% Official). HarperCollins. pp. 22, 23. ISBN 0-06-203974-1.
- ^ a b Colurso, Mary (December 17, 2010). "Temperature's rising as Justin brings Bieber fever to Birmingham". http://blog.al.com/mcolurso/2010/12/temperatures_rising_as_justin.html. Retrieved 2011-01-11.
- ^ a b c "Interview with Chris Hicks". HitQuarters. August 23, 2011. http://www.hitquarters.com/index.php3?page=intrview/opar/intrview_CH.html. Retrieved 2011-08-25.
- ^ TJ (August 11, 2009). "Neon Limelight Interviews: Usher Protegé Justin Bieber: Accidental Star". Neon Limelight. http://neonlimelight.com/2009/08/11/neon-limelight-interviews-usher-protege-justin-bieber-accidental-star/. Retrieved 2009-08-11.
- ^ Vena, Jocleyn; Kos, Saimon (September 12, 2009). "Usher And Justin Timberlake Battled It Out For Justin Bieber". MTV. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1621324/usher-justin-timberlake-battled-it-out-justin-bieber.jhtml. Retrieved 2011-01-11.
- ^ Mitchell, Gail (April 28, 2009). "Usher Introduces Teen Singer Justin Bieber". Billboard (e5 Global Media). http://www.billboard.com/#/news/usher-introduces-teen-singer-justin-bieber-1003966989.story.
- ^ a b c d e f "Justin Bieber Chart History". Billboard. e5 Global Media. http://www.billboard.com/#/artist/justin-bieber/chart-history/1099520. Retrieved 2010-03-11.
- ^ "Justin Bieber AIRA Singles Certification". ARIA Charts. Australian Recording Industry Association. http://www.ariacharts.com.au/pages/charts_display_singles.asp?chart=1U50. Retrieved 2010-03-30.
- ^ "The Official New Zealand Music Chart". Recording Industry Association of New Zealand. http://www.rianz.org.nz/rianz/chart.asp. Retrieved 2010-03-31. "Note: Week commence on Monday, March 29, 2010"
- ^ a b "RIAA – Gold and Platinum – June 15, 2010". Recording Industry Association of America. http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?table=SEARCH_RESULTS&artist=Justin%20Bieber&format=SINGLE&go=Search&perPage=50. Retrieved 2010-01-10.
- ^ "Certified Awards Search". BPI. http://www.bpi.co.uk/certifiedawards/Search.aspx. Retrieved 2010-12-20. "Note: Search for Justin Bieber."
- ^ "November 2010 – Gold & Platinum Certifications". Canadian Recording Industry Association. http://www.cria.ca/goldplat.php#album. Retrieved 2010-12-15.
- ^ "The Today Show + Justin Bieber = Awesome". Island Def Jam (Universal Music Group). September 11, 2009. http://www.islanddefjam.com/artist/news_single.aspx?nid=5118&artistID=7342. Retrieved 2009-09-22.
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- ^ Ram, Archana (December 2, 2009). "Justin Bieber joins Mary J Blige and others for 'Christmas In Washington'". Entertainment Weekly. http://news-briefs.ew.com/2009/12/02/justin-bieber-joins-mary-j-blige-and-others-for-christmas-in-washington/.
- ^ "Fergie to host New Year's celebration with Dick Clark and Ryan Seacrest" (Press release). NBC Universal. December 7, 2009. http://www.nbcmiami.com/entertainment/television/Fergie_Joins_Dick_Clark__Ryan_Seacrest_As_West_Coast_Host_Of_Annual__New_Year_s_Rockin__Eve_-78714997.html.
- ^ Kaufman, Gil (February 2, 2010). "'We Are The World' Remake Brings Lil Wayne, Kanye West, Pink, Usher, More Together For Haiti". MTV News. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1631018/20100202/lil_wayne.jhtml. Retrieved 2010-02-02.
- ^ "Justin Bieber – My World 2.0 – Metacritic". Metacritic. CBS Interactive. http://www.metacritic.com/music/artists/bieberjustin/myworld20?part=rss. Retrieved 2010-03-23.
- ^ "Justin Bieber Tops Billboard 200 With 'My World 2.0'". Billboard. e5 Global Media. March 31, 2010. http://www.billboard.com/#/news/justin-bieber-tops-billboard-200-with-my-1004079496.story?tag=hpfeed.
- ^ "Justin Bieber – My World – Music Charts". αCharts. http://acharts.us/album/52011. Retrieved 2010-04-14.
- ^ "Justin Bieber – My World 2.0 – Music Charts". αCharts. http://acharts.us/album/54188. Retrieved 2010-04-14.
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- ^ "Justin Bieber Coming Back To NY For Saturday Night Live". Long Island Press. February 21, 2010. http://www.longislandpress.com/2010/02/21/justin-bieber-coming-back-to-ny-for-saturday-night-live/. Retrieved 2010-04-10.
- ^ Beja, Marc (July 4, 2010). "Fireworks follow sun-scorched July 4 festivals". The Associated Press. Hosted by Google News. http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5ikBY9CwvRqvB7M_GA8M9NJbrK35wD9GOJFEG0. Retrieved 2010-07-04. [dead link]
- ^ "Justin Bieber's 2010 North American summer tour dates: 'My World' to hit New York in August". New York Daily News. March 17, 2010.
- ^ Bieber the king of the Internet Toronto Sun July 7, 2010
- ^ "Justin Bieber is Officially King of YouTube". The Wall Street Journal (staff blog). July 15, 2010. http://blogs.wsj.com/speakeasy/2010/07/15/justin-bieber-is-officially-king-of-youtube/. Retrieved 2010-07-16.
- ^ "Justin Bieber Accounts for 3 Percent of All Twitter Traffic". TVGuide.com. http://www.tvguide.com/News/Justin-Bieber-Twitter-1022684.aspx. Retrieved 2010-09-08.
- ^ Reth, Jerry (May 8, 2010). "Justin Bieber New Album To Be Recorded In New York". Newsopi. http://www.newsopi.com/showbiz/justin-bieber-new-album-to-be-recorded-in-new-york/1598/. [unreliable source?]
- ^ "Justin Bieber's Voice Breaking contactmusic April 27, 2010". Contactmusic.com. http://www.contactmusic.com/news.nsf/story/justin-biebers-voice-breaking_1140484. Retrieved 2010-10-31.
- ^ "Justin Bieber on 'CSI': Bombs away!". blog.zap2it.com. September 23, 2010. http://blog.zap2it.com/frominsidethebox/2010/09/justin-bieber-on-csi-bombs-away.html. Retrieved 2010-11-22.
- ^ MTV VMA Recap: Stage Rewind with Eminem, Rihanna, Taylor, Kanye and Bieber. Singersroom.com (September 13, 2010). Retrieved 2010-10-21.
- ^ Vena, Jocelyn (October 18, 2010). "Justin Bieber To Release Acoustic Album – Music, Celebrity, Artist News". MTV. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1650194/20101018/bieber_justin.jhtml. Retrieved 2010-11-14.
- ^ "How Will Justin Bieber's My Worlds Acoustic Rank Against Great Unplugged Albums? " MTV Newsroom". Newsroom.mtv.com. November 10, 2010. http://newsroom.mtv.com/2010/11/10/justin-bieber-acoustic/. Retrieved 2010-11-14.
- ^ Justin Bieber: Never Say Never. Box Office Mojo. Retireved February 12, 2011.
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- ^ http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=bieber3d.htm
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- ^ Hogan, Kate (February 28, 2011). "Justin Bieber and Selena Gomez Step Out Together on Oscar Night". People. http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20469564,00.html. Retrieved 2012-01-06.
- ^ "Caught in the Act!". People. November 4, 2010. http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20439639,00.html. Retrieved 2012-01-06.
- ^ Greer, Carlos (December 13, 2010). "Selena Gomez: Justin Bieber and I Are Just Friends". People. http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20449246,00.html. Retrieved 2012-01-06.
- ^ Ziegbe, Mawuse (December 23, 2010). "Justin Bieber Calls Selena Gomez 'An Amazing Person'". MTV. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1654905/justin-bieber-calls-selena-gomez-amazing-person.jhtml. Retrieved 2012-01-06.
- ^ "Bikini-clad Selena Gomez kisses Justin Bieber". USA Today. January 3, 2011. http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/40898352/ns/today-entertainment/t/bikini-clad-selena-gomez-kisses-justin-bieber/#.Twdff0o-O3k. Retrieved 2012-01-06.
- ^ Nudd, Tim (January 3, 2011). "Justin Bieber & Selena Gomez Caught Kissing in the Caribbean". People. http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20454367,00.html. Retrieved 2012-01-06.
- ^ Hammel, Sarah (January 31, 2011). "Justin Bieber Calls Selena Gomez 'One of My Best Friends'". People. http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20462453,00.html. Retrieved 2012-01-06.
- ^ Pomerantz, Dorothy. "Full List: The Best-Paid Celebrities Under 30". Forbes. http://www.forbes.com/2011/06/09/top-earning-celebrities-under-30_slide_3.html. Retrieved 2011-06-13.
- ^ [1][dead link]
- ^ Caulfield, Keith (November 9, 2011). "Justin Bieber's 'Mistletoe' Brightens Billboard 200 with No. 1 Debut". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. http://www.billboard.com/#/news/justin-bieber-s-mistletoe-brightens-billboard-1005490762.story. Retrieved 2011-11-09.
- ^ Chandler, D.L. (October 26, 2011). "Justin Bieber Taps Drake, Kanye West For 'Believe' Album". MTV RapFix. http://rapfix.mtv.com/2011/10/26/justin-bieber-taps-drake-kanye-west-believe-album/. Retrieved 2011-10-26.
- ^ https://twitter.com/#!/justinbieber/status/172478593983709184
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- ^ Vena, Jocelyn (2012-03-01). "Justin Bieber Announces New Single, 'Boyfriend' – Music, Celebrity, Artist News". MTV. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1680212/justin-bieber-boyfriend-single.jhtml. Retrieved 2012-03-28.
- ^ Justin Bieber Dies In Your Arms
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- ^ Vena, Jocelyn (November 9, 2010). "Justin Bieber Hits 6 Million Twitter Followers – Music, Celebrity, Artist News". MTV. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1651843/20101109/bieber_justin.jhtml. Retrieved 2010-12-31.
- ^ "Justin Bieber Twitter Statistics". Twitter Counter. March 15, 2011. http://twittercounter.com/justinbieber. Retrieved 2011-03-15.
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- ^ Kaufman, Amy (April 13, 2010). "Adults work hard to manage Justin Bieber's image". Azcentral.com. http://www.azcentral.com/thingstodo/music/articles/2010/04/13/20100413justin-bieber-tour.html. Retrieved 2010-10-31.
- ^ Rizzo, Monica (February 24, 2010). "Hot Ticket: Justin Bieber & Rihanna to Perform at Kids' Choice Awards – TV News, Justin Bieber, Rihanna". People. http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20346575,00.html. Retrieved 2010-06-21.
- ^ "Justin Bieber releases more colours into his nail varnish collection"[dead link] Vogue (UK)
- ^ Vena, Jocelyn (March 15, 2011). "Justin Bieber Wax Figures Unveiled". MTV. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1659922/justin-bieber-wax-figure.jhtml. Retrieved 2011-04-08.
- ^ October 11, 2011 (October 11, 2011). "Most expensive musical haircut of all time". Artsjournal.com. http://www.artsjournal.com/slippeddisc/2011/10/most-expensive-musical-haircut-of-all-time.html. Retrieved 2011-12-16.
- ^ Tyler, Lewis (October 13, 2011). "Bieber haircut costs US toy-maker $100,000". ToyNews Online. http://www.toynews-online.biz/news/34607/Bieber-haircut-costs-US-toy-maker-100000. Retrieved 2011-10-14.
- ^ Collins, Nick (July 6, 2010). "Why is Justin Bieber so loved and hated?". London: Telegraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/internet/7873834/Why-is-Justin-Bieber-so-loved-and-hated.html. Retrieved 2010-07-27.
- ^ "Justin Bieber's Youtube Fight". http://www.buzzfeed.com/mjs538/justin-biebers-youtube-fight.
- ^ Collins, Nick (July 6, 2010). "Why is Justin Bieber so loved and hated?". The Telegraph (London). http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/internet/7873834/Why-is-Justin-Bieber-so-loved-and-hated.html. Retrieved 2010-07-08.
- ^ Ronson, Jon (November 13, 2010). "Justin Bieber: One day with the most Googled name on the planet". The Guardian (UK). http://www.guardian.co.uk/music/2010/nov/13/justin-bieber-interview. Retrieved 2011-01-25.
- ^ Kaufman, Donna (November 2, 2010). "Justin Bieber Talks Jesus & Marriage". Ivillage Entertainment. http://www.ivillage.com/justin-bieber-talks-jesus-and-marriage/1-a-294985. Retrieved 2011-06-06.
- ^ Saxberg, Lynn (February 17, 2011). "Baby Baby -better be born in Canada; Bieber disses American health care -and says no to abortion". The Ottawa Citizen.: p. A.4.
- ^ a b By Rolling Stone (February 16, 2011). "Justin Bieber Talks Sex, Politics, Music and Puberty In New 'Rolling Stone' Cover Story". Rolling Stone. http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/justin-bieber-talks-sex-politics-music-and-puberty-in-new-rolling-stone-cover-story-20110216. Retrieved 2011-02-24.
- ^ Justin Bieber interview Rolling Stone Retrieved 2011-03-15
- ^ "Justin Bieber Posts 'It Gets Better' Video" Retrieved 2011-03-15
- ^ It Gets Better Project website Retrieved 2011-03-15
- ^ McQueeney, Kerry; Watkins, Jane (May 27, 2012). "He's all grown up! Justin Bieber, 18, seals the $6.5m deal on his very first home - a sprawling Calabasas mansion". Dailymail.co.uk. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-2150919/Justin-Bieber-18-seals-6-5m-deal-home--sprawling-Calabasas-mansion.html?ito=feeds-newsxml. Retrieved May 28, 2012.
- ^ Shiv Singh; Stephanie Diamond (April 3, 2012). Social Media Marketing For Dummies. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 143–. ISBN 978-1-118-06514-3. http://books.google.com/books?id=0Dnv9AZ8Tj4C&pg=PA143. Retrieved April 26, 2012.
- ^ "'The Voice:' Justin Bieber updates fans on Twitter , singer to make announcement?". Entertainment Examiner (USA). April 16, 2012. http://docs.newsbank.com/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/iw.newsbank.com:AUNB:EAEN&rft_val_format=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=13DC80FB672ABFA8&svc_dat=InfoWeb:aggregated5&req_dat=1053B823C33F21F9. Retrieved April 24, 2012.
- ^ "Soccer's Kaka tops 10 million followers on Twitter". Associated Press News Service. April 25, 2012. http://docs.newsbank.com/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/iw.newsbank.com:AUNB:APNS&rft_val_format=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=13E6168D001C4648&svc_dat=InfoWeb:aggregated5&req_dat=1053B823C33F21F9. Retrieved April 26, 2012.
- ^ Adam Sherwin. "Justin Bieber reveals new 'mature' direction as Biebermania hits London – News – Music". The Independent. http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/news/justin-bieber-reveals-new-mature-direction-as-biebermania-hits-london-7675857.html. Retrieved 2012-04-26.
- ^ a b Richard Godwin. "One night with Justin Bieber and I'm a Belieber – Celebrity News – Showbiz – Evening Standard". Evening Standard. London. http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/showbiz/celebrity-news/one-night-with-justin-bieber-and-im-a-belieber-7674843.html. Retrieved 2012-04-26.
- ^ Curtis, Dustin (September 7, 2010). "At any moment, Justin Bieber uses 3% of our infrastructure. Racks of servers are dedicated to him. – A guy who works at Twitter". https://twitter.com/#!/dcurtis/status/23192425566. Retrieved April 25, 2012.
- ^ a b c "Justin Bieber Accounts for 3 Percent of All Twitter Traffic". TV Guide. September 8, 2010. http://www.tvguide.com/News/Justin-Bieber-Twitter-1022684.aspx. Retrieved April 24, 2012.
- ^ Kaufman, Gil (September 8, 2010). "Justin Bieber Activity Drives 3 Percent Of Twitter Traffic". MTV. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1647321/justin-bieber-activity-drives-3-percent-twitter-traffic.jhtml. Retrieved April 24, 2012.
- ^ "Twitter Has 'Racks of Servers' Dedicated to Justin Bieber | NewsFeed | TIME.com". Newsfeed.time.com. September 8, 2010. http://newsfeed.time.com/2010/09/08/twitter-has-racks-of-servers-dedicated-to-justin-bieber/. Retrieved April 24, 2012.
- ^ Fabio Kon; Anne-Marie Kermarrec (December 26, 2011). Middleware 2011: Acm/Ifip/usenix 12th International Middleware Conference, Lisbon, Portugal, December 12–16, 2011, Proceedings. Springer. pp. 21–. ISBN 978-3-642-25820-6. http://books.google.com/books?id=ESrm5lcx7L8C&pg=PA21. Retrieved April 26, 2012.
- ^ Aaron Barlow; Robert Leston (December 31, 2011). Beyond the Blogosphere: Information and Its Children. ABC-CLIO. pp. 233–. ISBN 978-0-313-39287-0. http://books.google.com/books?id=YM4JiWFLCQ8C&pg=PA233. Retrieved April 26, 2012.
- ^ Stephen Marche (May 10, 2011). How Shakespeare Changed Everything. HarperCollins. pp. 51–. ISBN 978-0-06-196553-1. http://books.google.com/books?id=jBibgie2VEEC&pg=PT51. Retrieved April 26, 2012.
- ^ "Justin Bieber Has "Racks" of Twitter Servers, Uses 3 Percent of Site's Resources". GearLog (Ziff Davis, Inc). 2010-09-08. http://trove.nla.gov.au/work/123820191. Retrieved April 26, 2012.
- ^ "Justin Bieber a ocupat 3% din serverul Twitter" (in Spanish). Agentia.org. 2010-11-24. http://www.agentia.org/monden/justin-bieber-a-ocupat-3-din-serverul-twitter-6123.html. Retrieved 2012-04-26.
- ^ "Justin Bieber Vintage Video: 'I Love Twitter' | News". VH1. http://www.vh1.com/news/articles/1657695/20110210/index.jhtml. Retrieved 2012-04-26.
- ^ "Bieber Tops Twitter Trend List". World Entertainment News Network (COMTEX News Network, Inc). 2010-12-16. http://trove.nla.gov.au/work/122734894. Retrieved April 26, 2012
- ^ Poeter, Damon (1970-01-01). "Tweet or Die: Employers Hiring Based on Applicants' Klout Scores? | News & Opinion". PCMag.com. http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2403567,00.asp. Retrieved 2012-04-26.
- ^ Marco Massarotto (2010-10-18T00:00:00+02:00) (in Italian). Social Network. Apogeo Editore. pp. 201–202. ISBN 978-88-503-1233-7. http://books.google.com/books?id=IZowqKn7G40C&pg=PT201. Retrieved April 26, 2012.
- ^ a b Brandon Vogt (August 5, 2011). The Church and New Media: Blogging Converts, Internet Activists, and Bishops Who Tweet. Our Sunday Visitor. pp. 19–. ISBN 978-1-59276-033-6. http://books.google.com/books?id=c4zwxSzKstYC&pg=PA19. Retrieved April 26, 2012.
- ^ Neil Spring; George F. Riley (April 25, 2011). Passive and Active Measurement: 12th International Conference, PAM 2011, Atlanta, GA, USA, March 20–22, 2011, Proceedings. Springer. pp. 108–12. ISBN 978-3-642-19259-3. http://books.google.com/books?id=weLp1ECX4XIC&pg=PA110. Retrieved April 26, 2012.
- ^ Maksim Tsvetovat; Alexander Kouznetsov (October 6, 2011). Social Network Analysis for Startups: Finding Connections on the Social Web. O'Reilly Media, Inc.. p. 67. ISBN 978-1-4493-0646-5. http://books.google.com/books?id=Tn-L5WoCeygC. Retrieved April 26, 2012.
- ^ Maksim Tsvetovat; Alexander Kouznetsov (October 6, 2011). Social Network Analysis for Startups: Finding Connections on the Social Web. O'Reilly Media, Inc.. p. 18. ISBN 978-1-4493-0646-5. http://books.google.com/books?id=Tn-L5WoCeygC. Retrieved April 26, 2012.
- ^ Tim Kenneally Reuters 7:18 pm CDT, March 28, 2012 (March 28, 2012). "Justin Bieber Vs. Lady Gaga: Fans wage epic war for Twitter dominance". Chicago Tribune. http://www.chicagotribune.com/entertainment/sns-rt-justin-bieber-lady-gagamt1thewrap36616-20120328,0,7289032.story. Retrieved April 24, 2012.
- ^ Jocleyn, Vena (January 25, 2011). "Justin Bieber Addresses Dangers Of Texting And Driving On 'Extreme Makeover'". MTV. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1656584/justin-bieber-addresses-dangers-texting-driving-on-extreme-makeover.jhtml. Retrieved 2011-02-08.
- ^ "Justin Bieber Never Say Never – Official website". http://www.justinbieberneversaynever.com/. Retrieved 2011-02-17.
- ^ "Global Sites & Release Dates". Justin Bieber Never Say Never – Official website.. http://www.justinbieberneversaynever.com/intl/releasedates/release-dates.html. Retrieved 2011-02-17.
- ^ "Justin Bieber: Never Say Never – Official movie trailer". http://www.trailerdownload.net/movie/justin-bieber-3d/trailers/trailer-4629.html. Retrieved 2011-02-17.
Further reading[link]
- Justin Bieber (October 12, 2010). Justin Bieber: First Step 2 Forever: My Story. HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-06-203974-3. http://books.google.com/books?id=a2iAh-KFdIgC&pg=PP1.
- Ronny Bloom (April 15, 2010). Justin Bieber. Penguin Group USA. ISBN 978-0-8431-9903-1.
- Chas Newkey-Burden (September 1, 2010). Justin Bieber: The Unauthorized Biography. Michael O'Mara. ISBN 978-1-84317-523-0.
- Sarah Oliver (October 1, 2011). Justin Bieber A-Z. John Blake. ISBN 978-1-84358-379-0.
- Sarah Parvis; Gail Herman (February 8, 2011). Superstars! Justin Bieber: In the Spotlight and Behind the Scenes. Time Home Entertainment. ISBN 978-1-60320-902-1.
- Marc Shapiro (August 17, 2010). Justin Bieber: The Fever!. Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-312-67878-4. http://books.google.com/books?id=LyrqE1c66mwC&pg=PP1.
External links[link]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Justin Bieber |
 |
Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Justin Bieber |
- Official website
- Justin Bieber at the Internet Movie Database
- Justin Bieber at the Open Directory Project
- Justin Bieber on Twitter
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Bieber, Justin |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | Canadian singer |
| Date of birth | March 1, 1994 |
| Place of birth | Stratford, Ontario, Canada |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Justin_Bieber
Related pages:
http://ru.wn.com/Бибер, Джастин
http://es.wn.com/Justin Bieber
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin_Bieber
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
"Katy Hudson" redirects here. For the album, see Katy Hudson (album). For the Australian fashion designer, see Katie Perry.
| Katy Perry | |
|---|---|
 Katy Perry at the Logie Awards in 2011 |
|
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Katheryn Elizabeth Hudson |
| Also known as | Katy Hudson |
| Born | (1984-10-25) October 25, 1984 (age 27) Santa Barbara, California, U.S. |
| Genres | Pop, rock, dance, gospel |
| Occupations | Singer-songwriter, actress |
| Instruments | Vocals, guitar, piano |
| Years active | 2001–present |
| Labels | Red Hill, Island, Columbia, Capitol |
| Associated acts | The Matrix |
| Website | Katyperry.com |
Katheryn Elizabeth Hudson[1] (born October 25, 1984), known by her stage name Katy Perry, is an American singer, songwriter and actress. Perry grew up with gospel music, and during her first year of high school she pursued a music career as Katy Hudson, releasing her first studio album called Katy Hudson which failed to chart. She recorded a solo album later, which was never released. After signing with Capitol Music Group in 2007, her fourth record label in seven years, she adopted the stage name Katy Perry.
She first gained recognition with the release of her first mainstream album, One of the Boys in 2008, which spawned three Billboard Hot 100 top-ten songs—"I Kissed A Girl", "Hot n Cold" and "Waking Up In Vegas". Perry supported the album with her Hello Katy Tour. In 2010, her third studio album, Teenage Dream (2010), which topped the Billboard 200 chart, and spawned five number one singles—"California Gurls", "Teenage Dream", "Firework", "E.T." and "Last Friday Night (T.G.I.F.)"—Teenage Dream was the only album (after Michael Jackson's Bad)—to do so, and the first female in history to achieve this milestone. She embarked on the California Dreams Tour, which grossed nearly $60 million worldwide.[2] Perry re-released the album under the name of Teenage Dream: The Complete Confection on March 26, 2012, and the re-release has already spawned the number-one single "Part of Me".
Perry is the only artist to spend over 52 consecutive weeks in the top ten of the Billboard Hot 100, and has since heightened this to 69 weeks.[3] As of 2012, Perry has been nominated for eight Grammy Awards. She was named 2011's "Artist of the Year" by MTV.[4] She has sold 37.6 million digital tracks in the United States and 11 million albums worldwide.[5] Perry was a guest judge on the seventh series of The X Factor UK and the ninth season of American Idol. She has released fragrances "Purr" and "Meow". She ventured into film, voicing Smurfette in the 2011 film The Smurfs. Perry was married to British comedian Russell Brand from 2010 to 2012.
Contents |
Early life[link]
Perry was born Katheryn Elizabeth Hudson in Santa Barbara, California[6] to Keith, a West Coast scenester in the 1960s,[7] and Mary Hudson (née Perry), an evangelist who grew up in Southern California and had a "tempestuous" first marriage in Zimbabwe.[7] Perry has Portuguese, German, Irish, and English ancestry.[8][9][10] She is the second child of two pastors.[11] She has an older sister named Angela Hudson and younger brother named David Hudson.[12] Perry's mother's aunt and uncle were screenwriter Eleanor Perry and director Frank Perry.[7] Perry was incorporated into her parents' ministry[11] and sang in their church between the ages of 9 and 17.[13] She grew up listening to gospel music,[14] was not allowed to listen to what her mother called "secular music",[13][15] and attended Christian schools and camps.[11] As a child, Perry learned how to dance in a recreation building in Santa Barbara. She was taught by seasoned dancers and began with swing, Lindy Hop, and jitterbug.[16] She took her GED after her first year at Dos Pueblos High School and decided to leave school in the pursuit of a career in music.[17] Perry initially started singing "because [she] was at that point in [her] childhood where [she] was copycatting [her] sister and everything she [would do]."[17] Her sister practiced with cassette tapes, while Perry took the tapes herself when her sister was not around. She rehearsed the songs and performed them in front of her parents, who suggested she take vocal coaching. She grabbed the opportunity and began taking lessons at the age of nine and continued until she was sixteen. She later enrolled in at the Music Academy of the West in Santa Barbara, and studied Italian opera for a short period of time.[17]
Career[link]
1999–2006: Career beginnings[link]
When Perry was 15, her singing in church attracted the attention of rock veterans from Nashville, Tennessee, who brought her there to polish her writing skills.[18] In Nashville, Perry started recording demos and was taught by country music veterans how to craft songs and play guitar.[13][15] Perry signed to the Christian music label Red Hill, under which she recorded her first album at the age of 15.[19] Performing as Katy Hudson, she released a self-titled gospel rock album in 2001.[18] She supported this album with The Strangely Normal Tour, accompanied by Phil Joel, LaRue, Luna Halo, Earthsuit and V*Enna.[20] The album was unsuccessful as the label ceased operations at the end of 2001.[19] She later changed her surname to Perry, her mother's maiden name, because "Katy Hudson" was too close to film actress Kate Hudson.[18][21]
At the age of 17, Perry left her home for Los Angeles, where she worked with Glen Ballard on an album for Island Records.[22] Growing up listening to mostly gospel music, Perry had few references when she began recording songs.[13] Asked by the producer with whom she would like to collaborate, Perry had no idea. That night, she went with her mother to a hotel. Inside, she turned on VH1 and saw producer Glen Ballard talking about Alanis Morissette;[13] Ballard produced Morissette's Jagged Little Pill, which had a "huge influence" on Perry.[18] She expressed interest in working with Ballard to her initial collaborator, who arranged a meeting for her with Ballard in Los Angeles. Perry presented one of her songs to Ballard. Ballard then helped Perry develop her songwriting over the next few years.[13] The album was due for release in 2005,[18][19] but Billboard reported it also went nowhere.[19] Perry was dropped by The Island Def Jam Music Group.[7] Some of Perry and Ballard's collaborations included "Box", "Diamonds" and "Long Shot", were posted on her official MySpace page. "Simple", one of the songs she recorded with Ballard, was released on the soundtrack to the 2005 film The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants.[23][24] "Long Shot" and "I Do Not Hook Up" was later recorded by Kelly Clarkson for her 2009 album All I Ever Wanted.[25]
Perry signed to Columbia Records in 2004. However, the label was not amenable with her vision, not putting her in the "driver's seat".[19] Instead, one of Columbia's ideas was to pair Perry with the record production team The Matrix, who was working on an album, to serve as its female vocalist. Although the album was later shelved,[26] she caught the attention of the music press: Her burgeoning music career led to her being named "The Next Big Thing" in October 2004 by Blender magazine.[19] With no album project ongoing, Perry began recording her own. Eighty percent completed, however, Columbia decided not to finish it and dropped her from the label.[19] While waiting to find another label, she worked in an independent A&R company called Taxi Music. In 2006, Perry was featured in the tail-end of the video to P.O.D.'s single "Goodbye for Now".[27] She made a cameo appearance in Carbon Leaf's video, "Learn to Fly".
[edit] 2007–09: Commercial success with One of the Boys and MTV Unplugged
Main articles: One of the Boys (Katy Perry album) and MTV Unplugged (Katy Perry album)
While in the process of being dropped by Columbia in 2006, the company's publicity executive Angelica Cob-Baehler enthusiastically recommended Perry to Virgin Records chairman Jason Flom.[28] At the time Flom was leading a complete revival in fortunes at the label and looking to crown recent achievements by breaking a global pop act.[28] Despite mixed reactions from fellow Virgin executives, Flom became convinced that Perry could be that breakthrough star, and at the start of 2007 extended discussions with Columbia resulted in Perry signing to the newly created Capitol Music Group, a merger between Virgin and Capitol. As part of the deal, the label secured the masters to the unfinished album, recorded while at Columbia, that would go on to form a significant part of her official mainstream debut album, One of the Boys.[28]
The Columbia recordings were seen by Flom as being "very strong but lacking an undeniable smash or two that would work both at U.S. pop radio and internationally" and so one of the executive's first actions after completing the signing was to set up a collaboration between Perry and the writer-producer Dr. Luke.[28] The results were the songs "I Kissed a Girl" and "Hot n Cold". Establishing her image was one of the immediate concerns of her management.[19] A campaign was started in November 2007 with the release of the video to "Ur So Gay", aimed at introducing her to the music market. A digital EP led by "Ur So Gay" was later released to create online buzz and press story.[11][19][29] This was a successful move that resulted in bringing Perry to the attention of Madonna,[19] who mentioned her on KISS FM and KRQ's JohnJay & Rich morning show in Arizona. On March 10, 2008, she appeared as herself on the ABC Family television series, Wildfire, on the episode "Life's Too Short".[30]
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In the next step of promoting the album, Perry undertook a two-month tour of radio stations. The album's official lead single, "I Kissed a Girl", was released on May 6, 2008. Perry's A&R, Chris Anokute, told HitQuarters the song and its controversial theme had met with strong resistance at the label: "People said, 'This is never going to get played on the radio. How do we sell this? How’s this going to be played in the bible belt?'"[29] Anokute said that they needed the support of one of the label's radio promoters to convince people to believe in the record; otherwise, Perry would have likely been dropped again. Capitol's SVP of Promotions, Dennis Reese, saw the vision and helped push the single on national radio. The first station to pick it up and take a chance was The River in Nashville. After playing it for three days they were innundated with enthusiastic calls.[29] With the song climbing atop the charts, Perry embarked on the annual Warped Tour music festival, which her management used to "establish her as a credible performer and make sure she wasn't seen as just a one-hit wonder."[19] The single was a commercial success, peaking at number one for seven weeks on the Billboard Hot 100.[19] It has since become a major worldwide hit, topping charts in 30 countries,[26] including Australia, Canada, and the United Kingdom.[31] On June 12, 2008, Perry appeared as herself on the daytime soap opera The Young and the Restless,[30] posing for the cover to the June 2008 issue of the fictional magazine Restless Style.[32] Perry also performed backing vocals on the song, "Another Night in the Hills" from Gavin Rossdale's 2008 solo album Wanderlust.[33]
One of the Boys was released on June 17, 2008, to mixed critical reviews.[34] The album has reached number nine on the Billboard 200,[35] and has been certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America.[36] Perry released her second single, "Hot n Cold", which became her second top three single in dozens of countries around the world, including the United States where it reached number three on the Billboard Hot 100,[19] as well as topping the charts in Germany, Canada, and Denmark. After Perry wrapped up her appearance at the Warped Tour, she went on tours in Europe. She later launched her first headlining tour, the Hello Katy Tour, in January 2009.[19] "I Kissed a Girl" earned Perry a nomination for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance at the 2009 Grammy Awards.[37] Perry was nominated in five categories at the 2008 MTV Video Music Awards, including Best New Artist and Best Female Video, but lost to Britney Spears.[38] She won Best New Act at the 2008 MTV Europe Music Awards, which she co-hosted,[39] and Best International Female Artist at the 2009 BRIT Awards.[40] On February 9, 2009, both "I Kissed a Girl" and "Hot n Cold" were certified three-time platinum by Recording Industry Association of America for individual digital sales of over three million.[41] The Guinness Book of World Records recognized Perry in its 2010 version as the "Best Start on the US Digital Chart by a Female Artist," for having her first two singles sell over two million digital copies.[42]
The Matrix's self-titled debut album, which features Perry, was later released via the team's label, Let's Hear It, during Perry's solo tour. When the release date was scheduled, "I Kissed a Girl" had been charting well. Matrix member Lauren Christy spoke to Perry about the decision, but she wanted to hold the release until the fourth single of One of the Boys had been dispatched. Despite their communication, The Matrix was released on January 27, 2009, via iTunes Store.[43]
In December 2008, Perry apologized to British singer Lily Allen for remarks in which she called herself a "skinnier version" of her, saying she meant it as a joke.[44] Allen retaliated and told a British radio station that she "happen[ed] to know for a fact that she [Perry] was an American version" of her because their record company needed "to find something controversial and 'kooky'" like her.[45] In January 2009, Perry embarked on her first headlining world tour, the Hello Katy Tour, visiting North America, Europe, Asia, and Australia. Beginning on January 23, 2009, and ending on November 28, 2009, the tour consisted of 89 concerts. During that time, Perry also opened select concerts for the band No Doubt, on their Summer Tour 2009.
On May 16, 2009, Perry performed at the opening ceremony of the annual Life Ball in Vienna, Austria.[46] In June 2009, lawyers acting for Perry opposed the then-recent trademark of Australian fashion designer Katie Perry, who uses her own name to market loungewear.[47] Some media outlets reported this as a lawsuit, which Perry denied on her blog.[48] Katie Perry reported on her blog that at a hearing with IP Australia on July 10, 2009, the singer's lawyers withdrew their opposition to the trademark.[49] During the summer of 2009 Perry filmed a cameo appearance for Get Him to the Greek; her scene, in which she kisses her future fiancé Russell Brand was cut, and does not appear in the final film. Discussing the issue with MTV, Perry hypothesized there may have been some fear that seeing the two make out would have taken viewers out of the experience.[50] In 2009, Perry was featured on two singles: in August, a remix of Colorado-based band 3OH!3's song "Starstrukk" (the idea for the collaboration having come after Perry's tour that featured 3OH!3 as the supporting act, the song being released by iTunes on September 8, 2009); and, thereafter, in December, on "If We Ever Meet Again", the fourth single from Timbaland's album Shock Value II.[51] In October 2009, MTV Unplugged revealed that Perry was one of the artists to perform for them, and that she would be releasing a live album of the performance, including two new tracks, "Brick by Brick" and Fountains of Wayne cover "Hackensack".[52] The album, released on November 17, included both a CD and a DVD,[53] and debuted at No. 168 on the US Billboard 200 chart.
[edit] 2010–present: Teenage Dream, film debut and The Complete Confection
Main article: Teenage Dream (Katy Perry album)
Perry appeared as a guest judge alongside Simon Cowell, Cheryl Cole and Louis Walsh during the Dublin audition stage of the seventh series of the British television show The X Factor on June 28, 2010.[54] She was one of the many celebrities chosen to fulfil the role of judge whilst Dannii Minogue was on maternity leave. In May 2010, Perry released the first single from her second studio album, Teenage Dream entitled, "California Gurls". The single peaked at number one on the Billboard Hot 100 for six consecutive weeks.[55][56] "Teenage Dream" was released as the second single from her album, and it also topped the Billboard Hot 100, becoming her third number one and second from the album. Teenage Dream was released August 24, 2010 and debuted atop the Billboard 200 chart with sales of 192,000 copies in its first week.[57] The album as since sold over 2 million copies in the US, being certified Platinum by the RIAA. Following the album's release, the third single "Firework" was released and became the third consecutive single from Teenage Dream to top the Hot 100. With this, Perry became the first female in eleven years to have three consecutive number-ones from one album.[58] In February 2011, Perry released the fourth single, "E.T.", a remixed version featuring Kanye West, that peaked at number one on the Billboard Hot 100 for five non-consecutive weeks.[59] The music video for "E.T." was directed by Floria Sigismondi and features Shaun Ross as the main love interest. With "E.T." at number one on the chart of May 12, 2011, Perry became the first artist to spend 52 consecutive weeks in the top 10 of the Billboard Hot 100.[3] In June 2011, Perry released the fifth single, "Last Friday Night (T.G.I.F.)". A remixed version featuring American rapper Missy Elliot was released in early August.[60] The song topped the Billboard Hot 100 on August 17, 2011, making Perry the first female and second artist (tied with Michael Jackson) ever to have five No. 1 singles from one album. Also, when the song reached number 1 in the Pop Songs airplay chart, "Teenage Dream" became the first album to have 5 number 1's from the same album on that chart. Additionally, when the song reached number one in the Adult Pop Songs airplay chart, the album become the first to have 4 number 1's from the same album on the chart.[61] In October 2011, Perry released the sixth single, "The One That Got Away". It reached No. 3 on Hot 100, becoming the third album in history to produce six top five hit singles,[62] and the seventh song from Teenage Dream to reach the top of the Billboard Hot Dance Club Songs, the most by any album and setting a new record in the chart.[63] Perry released a "The One That Got Away" remix featuring American rapper B.o.B. in December 2011. An acoustic version of the song was released in January 2012.[64]
From February 2011 to January 2012, Perry embarked on an extensive world tour in support of Teenage Dream, the California Dreams Tour, playing 124 shows in Europe, Australasia, Asia, North America and South America and earning over $59 million.[2] Perry made her perfume debut, releasing a fragrance named "Purr" in November. It is packaged in a cat-shaped bottle, and is available through Nordstrom stores.[65][66] She followed it up with the fragrance's first flanker, "Meow".[67][68]
In July 2011, Perry made her film debut in the 3D family film The Smurfs as Smurfette. The Smurfs earned $557,771,535 worldwide during its theatrical run. Perry appeared at the 2011 MTV Video Music Awards on August 28, 2011. She was nominated for ten awards, received the most nominations of the ceremony and was the first singer to have four different music videos shown in various categories, eventually winning three of those, Video of the Year for "Firework", Best Collaboration and Best Special Effects for "E.T.". On September 17, 2011, marked Perry' 69th consecutive week in the Top 10 with single "Last Friday Night (T.G.I.F.)".[69][70] On September 23, 2011, she performed, along with Elton John, Brazilian Claudia Leitte and friend Rihanna, on the opening day of the 2011 Rock in Rio festival, which was extended to October 2.[71] Perry performed for 100 thousand people, a show that received high praise from critics and audience alike.[72]
On December 14, 2011, the annual list Forbes was elected the third singer who earned more than US$44 million, behind Lady Gaga (US$90 million) and Taylor Swift (US$45 million).[73] On December 15, 2011, Perry was elected the Artist of the Year by MTV, for their performance on the charts worldwide and won the record during the year.[4] On December 20, 2011, She released a Barbie doll that represents her style in 2012.[74] On January 8, 2012, Perry was named the sixth best-selling digital artist of all time in the United States, having sold 37,620,00 million singles and albums as of 2011, according to Nielsen SoundScan.[75]
In the week ending January 15, 2012, Perry became the first artist ever to have five songs sell over 5 million digital copies in the USA.[76] Perry was once again recruited by EA Games to promote their new expansion pack The Sims 3: Showtime for their The Sims game franchise. The game content was based on Perry.[77] Perry became the first person to have six songs top the Billboard Adult Pop Songs chart.[78] In March 27, 2012, she re-released Teenage Dream under the title Teenage Dream: The Complete Confection on March 27, 2012. The lead single from the re-release (and seventh single from the Teenage Dream era overall) was "Part of Me", which released in February, debuted atop the Billboard Hot 100 chart.[79] Perry has announced that she will release a part-biopic, part-concert film to be shown in 3D titled Katy Perry: Part of Me to be released on the 4th of July weekend of 2012 by Paramount Pictures.[80][81] In April 2012, Perry performed in India for the first time at the opening ceremony of 5th edition of Indian Premier League, cricket match, in Chennai along with Indian actors Amitabh Bachchan, Salman Khan, Kareena Kapoor, Priyanka Chopra and Prabhu Deva.[82][83][84] She performed her songs "Teenage Dream" and a remix version of "California Gurls".[85][83][86][87] In April 2012, Perry stated that she was working on new music and changing her musical style, "My music is about to get real f—ing dark. You'd never see my face because my hair would be in it."[88]
Artistry[link]
Musical style and themes[link]
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Perry has a contralto vocal range.[89] Perry's first album is of the Gospel music genre.[11][19] She related that her perspective in music was "a bit enclosed and very strict", and everything she did was church-related.[11] Her second album, One of the Boys, is described as "secular" and "rock," and reflects a departure from her religious musical roots.[11] Her next album Teenage Dream featured more pop songs in the vein of Boys.[16][90] In her childhood, Perry was introduced to the music of Alanis Morissette and Freddie Mercury, the late frontman of the British band Queen.[26] In her tribute to Mercury on what would have been his 65th birthday, Perry stated; "Without you I wouldn't be making music or doing what I do because your lyrics inspired me as a 15 year old girl."[91] Queen's song "Killer Queen" has inspired her to pursue a career in pop music after her first album.[11] She also described that Morissette's album Jagged Little Pill as having influenced her music profoundly; even going on to work with Morissette's collaborator on the album, Glen Ballard because of that.[18] Influence also came from a number of female pop rock singers, including Cyndi Lauper, Shirley Manson, Pat Benatar and Joan Jett, as "they came out with a vengeance."[92] Perry also cited Madonna as another big influence, saying "I want to evolve like Madonna."[93][94]
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A 22 second sample of Part of Me, a song with a pop rock influence, which is a common genre for Perry's songs.
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Perry is artistically involved in her projects, especially in the writing process. Since she could play guitar, she would start writing songs at home and present it to her producers. Perry is mostly inspired by specific moments of her life. She said it is easy for her to write songs about heartbreak.[13] Most of the themes in One of the Boys deal with heartbreak, teen adventure, and "puking into toilets".[18] Perry's mother reportedly told British tabloid Daily Mail that she dislikes her daughter's music, calling it "shameful and disgusting".[11][95] Perry said her mother was misquoted and told MTV that it was false information.[95] Her songs "Ur So Gay" and "I Kissed a Girl" have received negative reactions from both religious and gay sectors.[95] The songs have been respectively labeled as being homophobic and promoting homosexuality, as well as "lez ploitational".[11] Musicians Pink, Kathleen Hanna and Beth Ditto criticized "I Kissed A Girl" as offensive to the LGBT community.[96][97][98] MTV mentioned criticism suggesting that Perry is using "bi-curiosity" as a way to sell records.[95] Perry responded to the controversy surrounding "Ur So Gay": "It's not a negative connotation. It's not, 'you're so gay,' like, 'you're so lame,' but the fact of the matter is that this boy should've been gay. I totally understand how it could be misconstrued or whatever ... It wasn't stereotyping anyone in particular, I was talking about ex-boyfriends."[99] Perry has written several songs for other singers, including Ashley Tisdale ("Time's Up"), Selena Gomez & the Scene ("Rock God" and "That's More Like It"), Kelly Clarkson ("Long Shot" and "I Do Not Hook Up"), Jessica James ("Bullet" and "Girl Next Door"), Lesley Roy ("Slow Goodbye"), and Kady Malloy ("Wish You the Worst").
Public image[link]
Perry is known for her unconventional style of dress.[16] It is often humorous, bright in color, and reminiscent of different decades, and she frequently uses fruit-shaped accessories, mainly watermelon, as part of her outfits.[92] Perry's transformation into an artist began with fashion, inspired by American film actress Dominique Swain's portrayal in the 1997 film Lolita.[18] She defines her fashion style as "a bit of a concoction of different things".[16] Her fashion has caught the attention of designers.[11][92] In June 2008, a publicity photo that showed Perry posing with a switchblade was criticized.[100] The picture was defended as only an effort to give Perry a "sexy, harder edge".[100] The criticism leveled at her was mocked by Perry who subsequently posed with a spoon instead.[101] She was ranked 7th in Rolling Stone's global Queen of Pop poll in July 2011.[102] Perry is also a gay activist. According to Dosomething.org, Perry had stated "I am a gay activist and I say that proudly. I voted no on Prop 8 (California’s Nov. 4, 2008, amendment declaring that marriage is defined as a union solely between a man and a woman), of course."[103]
Personal life[link]
Perry has had relationships with Gym Class Heroes frontman Travie McCoy, whom she met in a recording studio in New York,[21] breaking up in December 2008;[104] Relient K frontman Matt Thiessen, with whom she worked on her album Teenage Dream[105] and British comedian Russell Brand.
Perry first met Brand in the summer of 2009 when she filmed a cameo appearance for Brand's film Get Him to the Greek. Although the cameo ultimately did not make it into the final cut of the movie, Perry later noted that the "scene called for me to make out with him...And on the way down the stairs after the scene, I was hopping like a bunny. I hop like a bunny when I'm happy".[106][107] Perry and Brand began dating after meeting again several months later in September 2009 at the 2009 MTV Video Music Awards, where Brand, as host, remarked, "Katy Perry didn't win an award and she's staying at the same hotel as me, so she's gonna need a shoulder to cry on. So in a way, I'm the real winner tonight."[108] The couple became engaged in December 2009 while vacationing in India.[109][110][111] At the time, Perry stated that she had plans to take dual British citizenship. "One of the first things I'll do is apply for dual citizenship. I'm not too sure if I have to take a test as I've not had time to look into it. But England is like my second home".[112] In an August 2010 interview with Rolling Stone, Perry also noted that, "I am sensitive to Russell taking the Lord's name in vain and to Lady Gaga putting a rosary in her mouth. I think when you put sex and spirituality in the same bottle and shake it up, bad things happen."[113][114][115] Perry and Brand married on October 23, 2010, in a traditional Hindu ceremony near the Ranthambhore tiger sanctuary in Rajasthan, India, the same location where Brand proposed.[116][117]
After 14 months of marriage, Brand filed for divorce from Perry on December 30, 2011, in Los Angeles, citing irreconcilable differences.[118][119] The announcement of the divorce followed media speculation that the couple was having marital problems, including an Us Weekly report that they had got into a "massive fight" and spent Christmas 2011 on opposite sides of the globe, with Perry in Hawaii and Brand in London, both without their wedding rings.[120][121] After Perry and Brand reached an agreement on financial issues, a judge granted the divorce request in February 2012; however the divorce will not become effective until July 2012, as California law requires a six-month interval from the initial filing.[122]
Discography[link]
Main article: Katy Perry discography
- Katy Hudson (2001)
- One of the Boys (2008)
- Teenage Dream (2010)
Tours[link]
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Headlining
Co-headlining
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Opening act
Promotional
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Filmography[link]
| Television | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2008 | Young and the Restless, TheThe Young and the Restless | Herself | Episode 8914 |
| Wildfire | Herself | "Life's Too Short" (Season 4, episode 8) | |
| 2010 | American Idol | Guest judge | Season 9, episode 5 |
| The X Factor | Guest judge | Series 7, episode 2 | |
| Sesame Street | Herself | Online special (deleted from televised episode due to viewer controversy) | |
| The Simpsons | Herself | 1 episode, "The Fight Before Christmas" | |
| Extreme Makeover: Home Edition | Herself | "Boys Hope/Girls Hope" (Season 8, Episode 1) | |
| 2010–2011 | Saturday Night Live | Herself / Host / Musical Guest | "Amy Poehler/Katy Perry" (Season 36, episode 681) "Katy Perry/Robyn" (Season 37, episode 710) |
| 2011 | How I Met Your Mother | Honey | 1 episode, "Oh Honey" People's Choice Award for Favorite TV Guest Star |
| America's Got Talent | Guest judge | July 27 (Season 6, Qtr Finals 3 results) | |
| Perez Hilton Superfan | Herself | 1 episode, aired December 14, 2011 | |
| 2012 | Raising Hope | Rikki | 1 episode, "Single White Female Role Model" |
| Film | |||
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
| 2010 | Get Him to the Greek | Herself | Deleted scene Uncredited |
| Out in the Desert | Herself | Post-production | |
| 2011 | The Smurfs | Smurfette | Voice Nominated – People's Choice Award for Favorite Animated Movie Voice |
| The Muppets | Herself | Deleted scene Cameo appearance |
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| 2012 | Katy Perry: Part of Me | Herself | Main Role 3D film |
| 2012 | The Smurfs 2 | Smurfette | Voice |
Awards and nominations[link]
Main article: List of awards and nominations received by Katy Perry
| Awards and achievements | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Bedwetters |
MTV Europe Music Award for Best New Act 2008 |
Succeeded by Lady Gaga |
| Preceded by Snoop Dogg |
MTV Europe Music Awards host 2008–2009 |
Succeeded by Eva Longoria |
| Preceded by Jonas Brothers |
Teen Choice Awards host 2010 |
Succeeded by Kaley Cuoco |
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References[link]
- ^ Russell Brand files for divorce, TMZ.com, December 30, 2011.
- ^ a b "Top 25 Worldwide Tours (01/01/2011 – 12/31/2011)". Pollstar. Pollstar, Inc.. December 28, 2011. http://www.pollstarpro.com/charts/2011YearEndTop25WorldwideTours.pdf. Retrieved December 28, 2011.
- ^ a b Trust, Gary (May 12, 2011). "Katy Perry Celebrates Year In Hot 100's Top 10". Billboard. billboard.com, Prometheus Global Media. http://www.billboard.com/#/column/chartbeat/katy-perry-celebrates-year-in-hot-100-s-1005180662.story. Retrieved May 13, 2011.
- ^ a b "Katy Perry Is MTV's Artist Of The Year!". MTV. December 15, 2011. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1676070/best-artist-of-2011-katy-perry.jhtml.
- ^ Ann Pride (January 8, 2012). "You Da One! Rihanna named best-selling digital download artist of ALL TIME". Daily Mail (London). http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-2083910/Rihanna-named-best-selling-digital-download-artist-ALL-TIME.html. Retrieved January 14, 2012.
- ^ California Birth IndexArchived 18 January 2010 at WebCite
- ^ a b c d Rob, Sheffield (September 24, 2008). "Girl on Girl: Katy Perry". Blender. http://www.blender.com/GirlonGirlKatyPerry/articles/41952.aspx. Retrieved February 13, 2009. [dead link]
- ^ "Katy Perry in Portugal - TVI Reportage". YouTube. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ysQLvaEGEHs. Retrieved 2012-05-25.
- ^ "Katy Perry has Irish ancestory in Galway?" April 26, 2011, RTE.ie
- ^ "Megan Smolenyak: 10 Things You Didn't Know About Katy Perry's Family Tree". Huffington Post. April 22, 2011. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/megan-smolenyak-smolenyak/katy-perry_b_852334.html. Retrieved June 18, 2011.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Graff, Gary (February 21, 2009). "Interview: Katy Perry —Hot N Bold". The Scotsman. UK. http://thescotsman.scotsman.com/features/Interview-Katy-Perry--Hot.4988069.jp. Retrieved February 28, 2009.
- ^ "Katy Perry's Brother David Hudson Music". http://blog.music.aol.com/2011/12/05/katy-perrys-brother-david-hudson-music/.
- ^ a b c d e f g "Katy Perry". TheStarScoop.com. http://www.thestarscoop.com/2008/katy-perry.php. Retrieved February 28, 2009.
- ^ Scaggs, Austin (August 21, 2008). "Q&A: Katy Perry". Rolling Stone. Archived from the original on August 22, 2008. http://web.archive.org/web/20080822110021/http%3A//www.rollingstone.com/news/story/22212329/qa_katy_perry. Retrieved December 10, 2008.
- ^ a b Montgomery, James (June 24, 2008). "Katy Perry Dishes On Her 'Long And Winding Road' From Singing Gospel To Kissing Girls". MTV. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1589848/20080623/katy_perry.jhtml. Retrieved February 15, 2009.
- ^ a b c d "Find Out What Influences Katy Perry's Cute Style!". Seventeen. February 5, 2009. http://www.seventeen.com/fashion/special/style-blog/katy-perry-fashion-qa-interview. Retrieved February 28, 2009.
- ^ a b c Panda, Priya. "Katy Perry Wants to Draw on Your Face". Toonage. http://www.toonage.ca/features/sep2108_katy_perry.shtml. Retrieved February 22, 2009. [dead link]
- ^ a b c d e f g h Harris, Sophie (August 30, 2008). "Katy Perry on the risqué business of I Kissed a Girl". The Times (London). http://entertainment.timesonline.co.uk/tol/arts_and_entertainment/music/article4619220.ece. Retrieved March 2, 2009.
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External links[link]
|
Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Katy Perry |
Media related to Katy Perry at Wikimedia Commons- Official website
- Katy Perry at the Internet Movie Database
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Perry, Katy |
| Alternative names | Katheryn Elizabeth Hudson |
| Short description | American singer-songwriter |
| Date of birth | October 25, 1984 |
| Place of birth | Santa Barbara, California, United States |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Katy_Perry
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YRFMovies
Aaja Nachle
An unexpected phone call shakes Dia (Madhuri Dixit) out of her dance rehearsal in New York. Her teacher, her guru, is dying and she must return to India. The town where she grew up, the town where she learnt to live and to dance. Also the town she left on an impulse, severing ties with her parents and her people. It is a poignant and troubled return; not only has her guru passed away but the institution that he so lovingly nurtured is in decay and under threat of demolition. Ajanta theatre, the once vibrant hub of the community, the place where Dia's fondest memories are embedded must now be brought down because the local political authorities feel it a waste of prime real estate. Dia picks up the gauntlet to turn this ruin into a vibrant and bustling theatre that was once the soul of her little town, while fighting discrimination, resentfulness and her own demons.
5:05
The Force Feed - Iran Bans BF3 and EA vs Activision/Blizzard (The Force Feed: Nov 29th)
ForceSC2strategy
The Force Feed - Iran Bans BF3 and EA vs Activision/Blizzard (The Force Feed: Nov 29th)
Force Strategy Gaming presents: The Force Feed No BF3 in Iran: www.industrygamers.com Kotick questions SWTOR profitability: www.gamasutra.com Terrifying Future of Online Pass Codes: www.gameinformer.com Force Strategy Gaming: www.youtube.com www.ForceStrategyGaming.com Force Strategy Gaming Your premier location for strategies and tutorials to the games you love! Intro by Zach Booth www.youtube.com
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