Coordinates | 33°0′0″N70°10′0″N |
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name | Robert Fripp |
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landscape | yes |
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background | non_vocal_instrumentalist |
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born | May 16, 1946Wimborne Minster, Dorset, England |
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instrument | Guitar, keyboards |
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genre | Progressive rock, jazz fusion, psychedelic rock, ambient, experimental rock, art rock, , new wave |
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occupation | Musician, songwriter, producer |
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years active | 1968–present |
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label | E.G., Polydor, Discipline Global Mobile |
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associated acts | King Crimson, Fripp & Eno, Brian Eno, David Bowie, Peter Gabriel, David Sylvian, League of Gentlemen, Van der Graaf Generator, G3, Porcupine Tree, Toyah Willcox, Andy Summers, Trey Gunn, Theo Travis, Slow Music Project |
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website | Robert Fripp's Diary |
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notable instruments | Gibson Les PaulRoland Synth Guitar
}} |
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Robert Fripp (born 16 May 1946) is an English guitarist, composer and record producer. He was ranked 42nd on ''Rolling Stone'' magazine's 2003 list of the "100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time" and #47 on Gibson.com’s "Top 50 Guitarists of All Time". His complete discography lists more than seven hundred releases over four decades .
As a guitarist for the progressive rock band King Crimson (KC), Fripp has been the only member to have played in all of KC's lineups. Fripp has played as a studio musician who has contributed memorable guitar tracks to hits by David Bowie and Talking Heads.
Career
Early career
Fripp was born in
Wimborne Minster,
Dorset, England. His earliest professional work began in 1967, when he responded to an ad looking for a singing organist for a band being formed by bassist
Peter Giles and drummer
Michael Giles, despite being neither a singer nor an organist. Though unsuccessful as a live act,
Giles, Giles and Fripp did manage to release two singles, as well as an album, ''The Cheerful Insanity of Giles, Giles and Fripp''.
Early King Crimson
Following the band's break-up, Fripp, along with drummer Michael Giles, made plans for the formation of King Crimson in 1968, with Greg Lake, Peter Sinfield and Ian McDonald. Their first album, ''In the Court of the Crimson King'', was released in late 1969 to great success, and is now known as one of the most influential albums in the history of progressive rock. Because of musical differences with Giles and McDonald, King Crimson broke up shortly after the release of the first album, to be re-formed again several times over the years. Initially Fripp offered to leave the group; however, Giles and McDonald announced that they were going to leave regardless, and so Fripp remained instead in order to keep Crimson going. He has remained the only consistent member of the band since. Crimson went through a number of line-ups before Fripp disbanded the group for the first time in 1974.
Side projects and collaborations
During King Crimson's less active periods, Fripp has pursued a number of side-projects. He worked with
Keith Tippett (and others who appeared on King Crimson records) on projects far from rock music, producing
Centipede's ''
Septober Energy'' in 1971 and ''Ovary Lodge'' in 1973. During this period he also worked with
Van der Graaf Generator, playing on the 1970 album ''
H to He, Who Am the Only One'', and in 1971, on ''
Pawn Hearts''. He produced
Matching Mole's 2nd LP ''
Matching Mole's Little Red Record'' in 1972. Collaborating with
Brian Eno, he recorded ''
(No Pussyfooting)'' in 1972, and ''
Evening Star'' in 1974. These two albums featured experimentation with several novel musical techniques, including a
tape delay system utilising dual reel to reel Revox tape machines that would come to play a central role in Fripp's later work. This system came to be known as "
Frippertronics". Also in 1974, Fripp performed the blistering guitar solo on "Baby's on Fire," perhaps the best-known track on Eno's debut solo album ''
Here Come the Warm Jets.'' In 1975, Fripp and Eno played several live shows in Europe, and Fripp also contributed melodic and soaring guitar solos throughout Eno's groundbreaking ''
Another Green World'' album.
Fripp spent some time away from the music industry in the later 1970s, during which he cultivated an interest in the teachings of Gurdjieff via J. G. Bennett (studies which would later be influential in his work with Guitar Craft). He returned to musical work as a studio guitarist on Peter Gabriel's first self-titled album in 1976, released the following year. Fripp toured with Gabriel to support the album, but remained out of sight (either in the wings or behind a curtain) and used the pseudonym "Dusty Rhodes." He produced and played on Gabriel's second album in 1978 (often called 'Scratch').
In 1977, Fripp received a phone call from Eno, who was working on David Bowie's album ''"Heroes"''. Fripp agreed to play guitar for the album, a move that initiated a series of collaborations with other musicians. Fripp soon contributed his musical and production talents to Peter Gabriel's second album, and collaborated with Daryl Hall on ''Sacred Songs''. During this period, Fripp began working on solo material, with contributions from poet/lyricist Joanna Walton and several other musicians, including Eno, Gabriel, and Hall, as well as Peter Hammill, Jerry Marotta, Phil Collins, Tony Levin and Terre Roche. This material eventually became his first solo album, ''Exposure'', released in 1979, followed by the ''Frippertronics'' tour in the same year. While living in New York, Fripp contributed to albums and live performances by Blondie (''Parallel Lines'') and Talking Heads (''Fear of Music''), and produced The Roches' first album, which featured several of Fripp's characteristic guitar solos. A second set of creative sessions with David Bowie produced distinctive guitar parts on ''Scary Monsters (and Super Creeps)'' (1980).
Fripp's collaboration with bassist
Busta Jones, drummer
Paul Duskin, and vocals by
David Byrne (Byrne credited as Absalm el Habib) produced ''
God Save the Queen/Under Heavy Manners'' in the following year. He simultaneously assembled what he called a "second-division touring new wave instrumental dance band" under the name
League of Gentlemen, with bassist
Sara Lee, keyboardist
Barry Andrews and drummer
Johnny Toobad (later replaced by Kevin Wilkinson). The LOG toured for the duration of 1980.
In the early and mid 1990s Fripp contributed guitar/soundscapes to ''Lifeforms'' (1994) by The Future Sound of London and ''Cydonia'' (released 2001) by The Orb, as well as ''FFWD'', a collaborative effort with the latter's members. In addition, Fripp worked with Brian Eno co-writing and supplying guitar to two tracks for a CD-ROM project released in 1994 entitled ''Headcandy'' created by Chris Juul and Doug Jipson. Eno thought the visual aspects of the disc (video feedback effects) were very disappointing upon completion, and regretted participation. During this period, Fripp also contributed to albums by No-Man (a band featuring Porcupine Tree's Steven Wilson) and The Beloved (1994's ''Flowermouth'' and 1996's ''X'', respectively). He also contributed soundscapes and guitar to two albums by the UK band Iona: 1993's ''Beyond These Shores'' and 1996's ''Journey into the Morn''. He also provided guitar and soundscapes for Porcupine Tree's album ''Fear of a Blank Planet''
King Crimson again
1981 saw the formation of King Crimson's fourth incarnation, along with
Adrian Belew,
Bill Bruford, and
Tony Levin. The group was conceptualised under the name Discipline, but it came to Fripp's attention that the members thought the name King Crimson was more appropriate. For Fripp, King Crimson had always been a way of doing things, rather than a particular group of musicians, and the group felt that their music captured that methodology. After releasing three albums (''
Discipline'', ''
Beat'', ''
Three of a Perfect Pair''), this new King Crimson broke up in 1984.
During this period Fripp made two records with his old friend Andy Summers of The Police. On ''I Advance Masked'', Fripp and Summers played all the instruments. ''Bewitched'' was dominated more by Summers, who produced the record and collaborated with other musicians in addition to Fripp.
In 1982 Fripp produced and played guitar on ''Keep On Doing'' by The Roches. As in his previous guesting on David Bowie's ''Scary Monsters'' (which also boasted Pete Townshend and Chuck Hammer on infinite sustain guitar), the "skysaw" guitar style that characterised this period of Fripp's pedagogy is featured alongside the sisters' songs and harmony.
Guitar Craft
Fripp was offered a teaching position at the
American Society for Continuous Education (ASCE) in Claymont Court,
West Virginia in 1984. He had been involved with the ASCE since 1978, eventually serving on its board of directors, and had long been considering the idea of teaching guitar. His course,
Guitar Craft, was begun in 1985, an offshoot of which was a performance group, "
The League of Crafty Guitarists", which has released several albums. In 1986, he released the first of two collaborations with his wife,
Toyah Willcox. The members of the
California Guitar Trio are former members of The League of Crafty Guitarists, and
Gitbox Rebellion includes several former Guitar Craft students. The California Guitar Trio has also toured with King Crimson.
In February 2009, Fripp recommended that Guitar Craft cease to exist on its 25th anniversary in 2010.
Soundscapes
Fripp returned to recording solo in 1994, using an updated version of the Frippertronics technique that creates loops employing digital technology instead of analogue tapes. Fripp has released a number of records that he called "
Soundscapes", including ''1999'', ''Radiophonics'', ''A Blessing of Tears'', ''That Which Passes'', ''November Suite'', ''The Gates of Paradise'', ''Love Cannot Bear'' and ''At the End of Time'', as well as numerous download-only live recordings. (The sampler ''Pie Jesu'' consists of material compiled from ''A Blessing of Tears'' and ''The Gates of Paradise''.) On the Soundscapes recordings, the inner workings of the music are not as clearly laid bare as they are on ''Let the Power Fall'', perhaps because of the greater possibilities offered by the new technology.
Sylvian/Fripp
Fripp's collaborations with
David Sylvian feature some of his most exuberant guitar playing. Fripp contributed to Sylvian's twenty minute track "Steel Cathedrals" from his ''
Alchemy: An Index of Possibilities'' album of 1985. Then Fripp performed on several tracks from Sylvian's 1986 release, ''
Gone to Earth''.
At some point in late 1991, Fripp had asked Sylvian to become the vocalist for the reforming King Crimson. Sylvian declined the invitation, but proposed a possible collaboration between the two that would eventually become a tour of Japan and Italy in the spring of 1992.
In July 1993, Sylvian and Fripp released the collaborative effort ''The First Day''. Other contributors were soon-to-be King Crimson member Trey Gunn on stick and nearly-was King Crimson member Jerry Marotta on drums. When the group toured to promote the CD, future King Crimson member Pat Mastelotto took over the drumming spot. The live document ''Damage'' was released in 1994, as was the joint venture, ''Redemption - Approaching Silence'', which featured Sylvian's ambient sound sculptures (Approaching Silence) accompanying Fripp reading his own text (Redemption).
King Crimson redux
In late 1994, Fripp re-formed the 1981 line-up of King Crimson for its fifth incarnation, adding
Trey Gunn and drummer
Pat Mastelotto in a configuration known as the "double trio" (the line-up included two guitars, two bass/Stick players and two drummers). This line-up released the
VROOOM EP in 1994, and the
Thrak full album in 1995; also in 1994 he supplied guitar textures on the track ''Flak'' on
The Future Sound of London's album
Lifeforms.
From 1997 to 1999, and again in 2006, the band King Crimson "fraKctalised" into five sub-groups known as ProjeKcts.
2000 saw the release of a studio album, ''The ConstruKction of Light'', from a sixth line-up of King Crimson (Fripp, Adrian Belew, Trey Gunn, Pat Mastelotto) with ''The Power to Believe'' following in 2003. At the end of the year Gunn decided to leave the band. In March 2004, a seventh line-up had been formulated and practised with Tony Levin returning to replace Trey Gunn, although nothing happened beyond a few studio rehearsals and the band remained inactive again until 2007.
In 2007 Gavin Harrison joined the group to perform as a second drummer, and this new line-up played a short tour in the eastern US in August 2008. As yet there has been no definite word on anything further.
Recent work
During 2004, Fripp toured with
Joe Satriani and
Steve Vai as the guitar trio
G3.
Robert Fripp worked at Microsoft's studios to record new sounds and atmospheres for Windows Vista.
|}}
In late 2005 and early 2006, Fripp joined Bill Rieflin's improvisational Slow Music project, along with guitarist Peter Buck, Fred Chalenor (acoustic bass), Matt Chamberlain (drums) and Hector Zazou (electronics). This collective of musicians toured the west coast in May 2006.
In October 2006, ProjeKct Six (Robert Fripp, Adrian Belew) played at select venues on the east coast of the U.S., opening for Porcupine Tree.
Throughout 2006, Fripp performed many solo concerts of soundscapes in intimate settings, especially in churches around the West Midlands in England, where he lives.
Fripp has contributed soundscapes to two songs for Porcupine Tree's ''Fear of a Blank Planet''. He is featured on the tracks "Way Out Of Here" and "Nil Recurring," the second of which was released in September 2007 as part of the "Nil Recurring" EP. Robert has also sporadically performed Soundscapes as an opening act for Porcupine Tree on various tours from 2006 through 2009.
In 2008, he collaborated with Theo Travis on 'Thread', an album of guitar & flute or saxophone duets. They also did some live concerts in England in mid-2009 in support of that album.
Fripp also played a 2009 concert with the band The Humans, which consists of his wife Toyah Willcox, Bill Rieflin and Chris Wong. The performance in Tartu marked the release of The Humans's first album ''We Are the Humans.''
Fripp (along with Pat Mastelotto and others) appears on Judy Dyble's (Giles, Giles & Fripp; Fairport Convention; Trader Horne) album ''Talking With Strangers'' released August 2009. Fripp also played on two tracks on Jakko M. Jakszyk's album ''The Bruised Romantic Glee Club'' and has been collaborating, casually, with Jakszyk and former Crimson member Mel Collins. Jakszyk is married to Michael Giles' younger daughter Amanda.
Fripp also contributed with a guitar solo to an extended version of the song 'Heathen Child' by Grinderman in 2010, released as a B-side on the single under the title 'Super Heathen Child'.
Equipment
During the early years of King Crimson (1969–1974), Fripp used two Gibson Les Paul from years '57 and '59, the 57' guitar featuring three humbucker pickups (with one volume control on the pickguard controlling the middle pickup).
A signature model named for the guitarist (Crimson Guitars Robert Fripp Signature) features Fernandes Sustainer and MIDI elements, with a Les Paul Model Body. Another difference from the Gibson Les Paul is that Fripp's guitar is built in one piece, not with the set-in neck.
Guitar technique
Fripp began playing guitar at the age of eleven. He says he was
tone deaf with no sense of rhythm when he started. His comment on dealing with the obstacle is "Music so wishes to be heard that it sometimes calls on unlikely characters to give it voice."
While being taught guitar basics by his teacher Don Strike (who Fripp described as "a very good player in the thirties style"), he began to develop the technique of crosspicking, which would later become a significant technique taught in Guitar Craft.
In 1985, Fripp began using a tuning he called "New Standard tuning", which would also become the official tuning of Guitar Craft.
Fripp's guitar technique, unlike most rock guitarists of his era, is not blues-based but rather influenced by avant-garde jazz and European classical music, combining rapid alternate picking with motifs employing whole-tone or diminished pitch structures, continuous cross-picked (and polka-influenced) sixteenth-note patterns for long stretches in a form called ''moto perpetuo'' (perpetual motion).
Fripp is left-handed, but plays guitar right-handed.
Personal life
He married
Toyah Willcox in 1986 in
Poole, Dorset. From December 1987 until July 1999 they lived at and renovated
Reddish House, the former home of
Cecil Beaton, in
Broad Chalke Wiltshire. At present his home is in
Pershore,
Worcestershire. He also participates in public speaking events with his sister Patricia, who is herself a highly reputable
keynote speaker and speech coach.
Discography
Over the course of 45 years, Robert Fripp has been extremely active as a recording musician. He has contributed to more than 700 official releases. The
Robert Fripp Discography Summary, compliled by John Relph, also lists 120 compilations and 315 unauthorised releases (such as
bootlegs). This means that more than 1100 releases (including both official and unofficial ones, as well as both studio and live recordings) can be found with Robert Fripp participating. A full list can be found at the location provided above. Major releases are listed here (see also
King Crimson discography).
Studio Albums
1979 ''Exposure''
1980 ''God Save the Queen/Under Heavy Manners''
1981 ''Let the Power Fall: An Album of Frippertronics''
1985 ''Network''
1998 ''The Gates of Paradise''
2005 ''Love Cannot Bear (Soundscapes - Live In The USA)''
Live Albums
1994 ''1999 Soundscapes: Live in Argentina''
1995 ''A Blessing of Tears: 1995 Soundscapes, Vol. 2''
1995 ''Radiophonics: 1995 Soundscapes, Vol. 1''
1996 ''That Which Passes: 1995 Soundscapes, Vol. 3'''
1997 ''November Suite: 1996 Soundscapes - Live at Green Park Station''
2007 ''At the End of Time (Churchscapes Live in England and Estonia)''
Compilation Albums
1997 ''Pie Jesu''
Collaboration Albums
1973 ''(No Pussyfooting)'' (with Brian Eno)
1975 ''Evening Star'' (with Brian Eno)
1982 ''I Advance Masked'' (with Andy Summers)
1984 ''Bewitched'' (with Andy Summers)
1986 ''The League of Crafty Guitarists Live!'' (with The League of Crafty Guitarists)
1986 ''The Lady or the Tiger (album)|The Lady or the Tiger'' (with Toyah Willcox)
1990 ''Show of Hands'' (with The League of Crafty Guitarists)
1993 ''The First Day'' (with David Sylvian)
1993 ''Darshan (The Road To Graceland)'' (with David Sylvian)
1993 ''The Bridge Between'' (as 'Robert Fripp String Quintet' with Trey Gunn and the California Guitar Trio)
1994 ''Damage: Live'' (with David Sylvian)
1995 ''Intergalactic Boogie Express: Live in Europe...'' (with The League of Crafty Guitarists)
1998 ''Lightness: for the Marble Palace'' (for Brian Eno)
1999 ''The Repercussions of Angelic Behavior'' (with Bill Rieflin and Trey Gunn)
2000 ''A Temple in the Clouds'' (with Jeffrey Fayman)
2004 ''The Equatorial Stars'' (with Brian Eno)
2006 ''The Cotswold Gnomes'' (with Brian Eno)
2007 ''Beyond Even (1992 - 2006)'' (with Brian Eno)
2008 ''Thread'' (with Theo Travis)
2010 ''Live at Coventry Cathedral'' (with Theo Travis)
With Giles, Giles and Fripp
1968 ''The Cheerful Insanity of Giles, Giles and Fripp''
With The League of Gentlemen
1981 ''The League of Gentlemen''
1985 ''God Save The King''
1996 '' Thrang Thrang Gozinbulx'' (with the League of Gentlemen)
With Sunday All Over The World
1991 ''Kneeling at the Shrine''
With FFWD
1994 ''FFWD''
With Jakszyk, Fripp, Collins
2011 ''Jakszyk, Fripp, Collins - A King Crimson ProjeKct - A Scarcity of Miracles'' (with Jakko Jakszyk and Mel Collins)
With King Crimson
King Crimson discography
Notes
References
''Robert Fripp: From King Crimson to Guitar Craft'', Eric Tamm, Faber and Faber, 1990, ISBN 0-571-12912-9 (online version of book)
''In the Court of King Crimson'', Sid Smith, Helter Skelter Publishing, 2001, ISBN 1-900924-26-9
External links
Robert Fripp's Diary
Discipline Global Mobile - An independent record label founded by Fripp.
Robert Fripp Speaking Engagements
Category:1946 births
Category:Living people
Category:English experimental musicians
Category:English rock guitarists
Category:G3
Category:Progressive rock guitarists
Category:King Crimson members
Category:Lead guitarists
Category:People from Wimborne Minster
Category:Recipients of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana, 4th Class
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