Tukaram
Jagatguru Sant Tukaram
Born	1608 Dehu, near Pune, India
Died	c. 1650 indrayani, Maharashtra
Titles/honours	Sant in Marathi, meaning "Saint"
Sect associated	Varkari
Literary works	Abhanga devotional poetry

Sant Tukaram (1608–1650) was a prominent Varkari Sant (Saint) and spiritual poet during a Bhakti movement in India.

Sant Tukaram^[1] was born and lived most of his life in Dehu, a town close to Pune in Mahārāshtra, India. Kumar,^[2] Munshi, ^[3] Kincaid and Parasanisa,^[4] consider him to be of the Vani or grocer caste. In accordance with an ancient Indian tradition, Tukaram's family name is rarely used in identifying him. His real name is Tukaram Vhilhoba Aambe. Rather, in accord with another tradition in India of assigning the epithet "sant" (संत) to persons regarded as thoroughly saintly, Tukaram is commonly known in Maharashtra as Sant Tukaram (संत तुकाराम). He is known as Bhakta Tukaram to southern Indian people.

Scholars assign various birth years to Sant Tukaram: 1577, 1598, 1608 and 1609 CE. The year of Sant Tukaram's death —1650 CE— is much more certain.^[5]

Sant Tukaram's first wife, Rakhumābāi, died in 1602 in her early youth. Sant Tukaram and his second wife, Jijābāi (also known as Āvali), had three sons: Santu or Mahādev, Vithobā, and Nārāyan.

Dilip Purushottam Chitre, a well known Marathi Scholar, identifies Tukaram as the first modern poet of Marathi. Chitre believes that Tukaram was the second saint after Sant Dnyaneshwar who denied caste hierarchy in Hindu religion and attacked rituals present in Hindu Dharma.

Spiritual life and poetry[link]

Tukaram leaves for Vaikuntha, abode of Vishnu.

Sant Tukaram was a devotee of god Vitthala or Vithoba, a form of Krishna.

Sant Tukaram is considered to be the climactic point of the Bhagabata Hindu tradition, which is thought to have begun in Maharashtra with Namdev. Dnyaneshwar, Namdev, Janabai, Eknath, and Tukaram are revered especially in the Varkari (वारकरी) sect in Maharashtra. Most information about the lives of the above saints of Maharashtra comes from the works Bhakti-Wijay and Bhakti-Leelāmrut of Mahipati. Mahipati was born 65 years after the death of Tukaram, (Tukaram having died 50 years, 300 years, and 353 years after the deaths of Ekanath, Namdev, and Dnyaneshwar, respectively.) Thus, Mahipati undoubtedly based his life sketches of all the above "sants" primarily on hearsays.

Namdev as Guru[link]

Saint Tukarm accepted Sant Namdev as his Guru. One of his abhanga is proof for this.[नामदेवे केले स्वप्नामाजी जागे....सवे पांडुरंगे येवूनिया.] Namdev gave knowledge, who came along with Lord Vitthal in Dream of Tukaram. Sant Tukaram has also mentioned in one of his abhanga that his sadguru's name is 'Babaji Chaitanya'. [बाबाजी चैतन्य सांगितले नाम, मंत्र दिला राम कृष्ण हरी]

In films[link]

Sant Tukaram was also the subject of a biopic, title Sant Tukaram, made in 1936 by V. Damle and S. Fattelal of the Prabhat Film Company, starring Vishnupant Pagnis as the lead, and released on December 12, 1936 at the Central Cinema in Mumbai. The film was a big hit, and broke all previous records by running continuously for 57 weeks.^[6] It also had won an award at the 5th Venice International Film Festival in 1937, and still remains a part of film appreciation courses.^[7][8][9] It is preserved at the National Film Archive of India.^[6]

The story of Tukaram was also made in Telugu as Bhakta Tukaram in 1973 by Anjali Pictures. Akkineni Nageswara Rao played the title role with great devotion.^[10]

Dr. Raj Kumar played the role of 'Santa Tukarama' in the Kannada language.

Book[link]

Renowned Indian author, poet, sculptor and painter Dilip Chitre (18 September 1938 - 10 December 2009) has translated writings of Sant Tukaram into English in the book titled Says Tuka for which he was awarded the Sahitya Akademi award in 1994. Says Tuka was later translated into other languages.^[11]

See also[link]

• Hindu reform movements
• Sant Mat

Further reading[link]

• Fraser, James Nelson; Rev. Edward Cullen (1922). The Life and Teaching of Tukārām. The Christian Literature Society for India, Madras. http://www.archive.org/stream/cu31924023185857#page/n5/mode/2up. 

Notes[link]

References[link]

• Ayyappapanicker, K.; Akademi, Sahitya (1997). Medieval Indian Literature: An Anthology. Sahitya Akademi. ISBN 81-260-0365-0. 
• Starr, Chester G. (1991). A history of the ancient world. Oxford [Oxfordshire]: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-506629-4. 
• Ranade, Ramchandra D. (1994). Tukaram. New York: State University of New York Press. ISBN 0-7914-2092-2. 
• Multiple Essays on Sant Tukaram and his work in books of M. V. Dhond
• "Shakti Saushthava शक्ती सौष्ठव" by D. G. Godse
• "Vinoba Saraswat" by Vinoba Bhave (edited by Ram Shewalkar)
• "Tryambak Shankar Shejwalkar Nivadak Lekhsangrah" by T S Shejwalkar (collection- H V Mote, Introduction- G D Khanolkar)

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Tukaram

• Tukaram Online
• Tukaram Gatha in Marathi
• Abhang of Tukaram Maharaj
• Samadhi of Sant Tukaram

Anjali Devi (Telugu: అంజలీదేవి)  pronunciation (help·info) (born 24 August 1927) is a veteran Telugu actress and producer. She is well known for her mythological role as Sita in Lava Kusha and roles in movies like Suvarna Sundari and Anarkali.

Biography[link]

This biographical section of an article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (December 2011)

She hails from Peddapuram, East Godavari district in Andhra Pradesh, India, and later settled in Chennai. She was a theater artist before entering into movies. Her film debut was as Lohitasya in Raja Harishchandra in 1936. Her first movie as heroine was Kashtajeevi by L. V. Prasad 1n 1940 but that movie was abandoned after three reels shooting.Later C.Pullayya found her given opportunity hevenly beauty Mohini in Gollabhama. With her expressions and looks, she became a star overnight in 1947. After that she never looked back. She eventually acted in more than 350 Telugu films^{[citation needed]} and also in a few Tamil and Kannada films as the heroine.

She married P. Adinarayana Rao, a music director, in 1940. They have two sons. Together they produced many Telugu films under the banner of Anjali Pictures. She acted in Lava Kusha, a milestone film and the first color film in the Telugu film industry in 1963. She acted in various roles like damsel, angel, dancer, demon, goddess, traditional woman and later in mother characters. Her granddaughter Saila Rao is also an actress.

Career[link]

As actress[link]

In 1936 she appeared in a minor role in Raja Harishchandra and then played the lead role in L. V. Prasad's Kashtajeevi. She is well known for playing Sita in Lava Kusha and her performances in films like Suvarna Sundari and Anarkali were also appreciated. She has acted in more than 350 films, which includes Telugu, Tamil and Kannada language films. Brundavanam (1992), Anna Vadina (1993) and Police Alludu (1994) were the last few films of her career. In Balaiah's Police Alludu and Anna Vadina she appeared alongside Brahmanandam.

As producer[link]

In 1955 she produced the film Anarkali, in which she herself played the lead role of Anarkali, with Akkineni Nageswara Rao as Salim. Then she produced V. Madhusudan Rao's Bhakta Tukaram and Chandipriya. Bollywood and Tollywood actress Jayapradha played the lead role in her film Chandipriya alongside Shobhan Babu and Chiranjeevi.

Awards[link]

• She received the Raghupathi Venkaiah Award in 2005 for her lifetime service to the Telugu film industry.
• She was conferred the Ramineni Award in 2006 in the fine arts category.
• She received the prestigious ANR National Award in 2008.

Filmography[link]

• Gollabhama
• Kashtajivi
• Chandipriya
• Bhale Krishnudu
• Sati Sakkubai
• Mayalamaari

Tamil movies[link]

• Annai Oru Alayam
• Adutha Veetu Penn
• Manalanae Mangayin Baghyam
• Sarvadhikari (with MGR)
• Kanavane Kankanda Theivam (with Gemini Ganesan)
• Penn (with Vyjayanthimala)
• Mangayarkarasi (with P. U. Chinnappa)
• Marmayogi (with MGR as hero)
• Eezai Uzavan
• Adiththan Kanavu (producer: T. R. Sundaram)
• Sorgavasal (as K.R. Ramasamy's sister "Thilagavathy")

As producer[link]

• Paradesi
• Suvarna Sundari
• Swarnamanjari
• Chandi Priya
• Sati Sakkubai
• Shirdi Sai Sathya Sai Divya Katha (television series)

See also[link]

• Krishnaveni
• Bhanumathi

References[link]

• Anjali Devi at Chakpak.com

External links[link]

• Anjali Devi at the Internet Movie Database
• Golden Nandi for Krishnaveni

This article about an Indian actor or actress is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v t e

Jitendra Joshi was the first mayor of Ahmedabad. Jitendra Joshi was born on March 12, 1866 at Bhavnagar, Gujarat. The Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation was founded by Britishers in 1902. He was elected as the first mayor of Ahmedabad for a term of four years in 1903. He died on July 4, 1940.^[1][2]

References[link]

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