RCA Corporation, founded as the Radio Corporation of America, was an American electronics company in existence from 1919 to 1986. The RCA trademark is currently owned by the French conglomerate Technicolor SA through RCA Trademark Management S.A., a company owned by Technicolor. The trademark is used by Sony Music Entertainment and Technicolor, which licenses the name to other companies like Audiovox and TCL Corporation for products descended from that common ancestor.^[2]

Origins[link]

Organization by General Electric[link]

In August 1914, the German Empire declared war on France and Belgium, the United Kingdom declared war on Germany, and the United Kingdom and France declared war on Austria-Hungary. This following the German and Austrian invasions of their neighbors, including Serbia and the Russian Empire, thus starting World War I. Radio traffic across the Atlantic Ocean increased dramatically after the western Allies cut the German transatlantic submarine communication cables (telegraph-only at that time, well before the first transatlantic telephone cable connected the United States with France in 1956.) Germany, Austria-Hungary, and their allies in Europe (the Central Powers) maintained contact with neutral countries in the Americas, such as the United States, Mexico, Brazil, Argentina, Chile, and Peru via long-distance radio communications, as well as via telegraph cables owned by neutral countries such as the Netherlands and Denmark.

In 1917 the U.S. Government took charge of the patents owned by the major companies involved in radio manufacture in the United States in order to devote radio technology to the war effort. All production of radio equipment was allocated to the U.S. Army, U.S. Navy, U.S. Marine Corps, and the U.S. Coast Guard. The War Department and the Navy Department sought to maintain a Federal monopoly of all uses of radio technology. However, the wartime takeover of all radio systems ended late in 1918, when the U.S. Congress failed to pass a bill which would have extended this monopoly; the War ended in November of that year.

The ending of the Federal Government's monopoly in radio communications did not prevent the War and Navy Departments from creating a national radio system for the United States.^[3] On 8 April 1919, naval Admiral W. H. G. Bullard and Captain Stanford C. Hooper met with executives of the General Electric Corporation (GE) and asked them to discontinue selling the company's Alexanderson alternators (used in the high-power AM radio transmitters of that era) to the British-owned Marconi Company, and to its subsidiary, the Marconi Wireless Telegraph Company of America.

The proposal presented by the government was that if GE created an American-owned radio company, then the Army and Navy would effect a monopoly of long-distance radio communications via this company. This marked the beginning of a series of negotiations through which GE would buy the American Marconi company and then incorporate what would be called the Radio Corporation of America.^[4]

Establishment[link]

The incorporation of the assets of Marconi Wireless Telegraph Company of America (including David Sarnoff,^[5]) the Pan-American Telegraph Company, and those already controlled by the United States Navy led to a new publicly held company formed by General Electric (which owned a controlling interest) on 17 October 1919.^[6] The following cooperation among RCA, General Electric, the United Fruit Company, the Westinghouse Electric Corporation, and American Telephone & Telegraph (AT&T) brought about innovations in high-power radio technology, and also the founding of the National Broadcasting Company (NBC) in the United States. The Army and the Navy granted to RCA the former American Marconi radio terminals that had been confiscated during the War. Admiral Bullard received a seat on the Board of Directors of RCA for his efforts in establishing RCA. The result was Federally created monopolies in radio for GE and the Westinghouse Corporation and in telephone systems for the American Telephone & Telegraph Company.

The argument by the Department of War and the Department of the Navy that the usable radio frequencies were limited, and hence needed to be appropriated for use before other countries, such as the United Kingdom, France, Germany, and Canada monopolized them, collapsed in the mid-1920s following the discovery of the practicality of the use of the shortwave radio band (3.0 MHz though 30.0 MHz) for very long-range radio communications.^[7]

The first chief executive officer of RCA was Owen D. Young;^[8] David Sarnoff became its general manager. RCA's incorporation papers required that a majority of its stock be held by American citizens. RCA agreed to market the radio equipment manufactured by GE and Westinghouse, and in follow-on agreements, RCA also acquired the radio patents that had been held by Westinghouse and the United Fruit Company. As the years went on, RCA either took over, or produced for itself, a large number of patents, including that of the superheterodyne receiver.

Over the years, RCA continued to operate international telecommunications services, under its subsidiary RCA Communications, Inc., and later the RCA Global Communications Company.

Broadcast expansion[link]

By 1926 the market for commercial radio had expanded, and RCA purchased the WEAF and WCAP radio stations and networks from AT&T, merged them with its WJZ (the predecessor of WABC) New York to WRC (presently WTEM) Washington chain, and formed the National Broadcasting Company (NBC).

Radio[link]

GE used RCA as its retail arm for radio sales from 1919, when G.E. began production, until 1930.^[9] Westinghouse also marketed home radios through RCA until 1930.^[10]

Phonograph[link]

RCA trademark exhibit at Heritage Museum in Big Spring, Texas (2004 photograph)

In 1929 RCA purchased the Victor Talking Machine Company, then the world's largest manufacturer of phonographs (including the famous "Victrola") and phonograph records. This included a majority ownership of the Victor Company of Japan (JVC). The new subsidiary then became RCA-Victor. With Victor, RCA acquired New World rights to the Nipper trademark. This Trademark is also the trademark for the British music & entertainment company HMV who now display Nipper in silhouette. RCA Victor produced many radio-phonographs and also created RCA Photophone, a sound-on-film system for sound films that competed with William Fox's sound-on-film Movietone and Warner Bros.' sound-on-disc Vitaphone.

RCA began selling the first electronic turntable in 1930. In 1931 RCA Victor began selling 33⅓ rpm records. These had the standard groove size (the same width as the contemporary 78 rpm records), rather than the "microgroove" used in post-World War II 33⅓ "Long Play" records. The format was a commercial failure at the height of the Great Depression, partly because the records and playback equipment were expensive, and partly because the audio performance was poor, and it would require the smaller-radius stylus of the microgroove system to make slower-speed records track acceptably. The system was withdrawn from the market after about a year. (This was not the first attempt at a commercial long play record format, as Edison Records had marketed a microgroove vertically recorded disc with 20 minutes playing time per side the previous decade; the Edison long-playing records were also a commercial failure.)

In 1930 RCA agreed to occupy the yet-to-be-constructed landmark building of the Rockefeller Center complex, 30 Rockefeller Plaza, which in 1933 became known as the RCA building, now the GE Building. This critical lease in the massive project enabled it to proceed as a commercially viable venture.^[11]

Separation from General Electric[link]

In 1930 the U.S. Department of Justice brought antitrust charges against RCA, General Electric and Westinghouse. As a result, GE and Westinghouse gave up their ownership interests in RCA. RCA was allowed to keep its radio factories, and G.E. and Westinghouse were allowed to compete in that business after 30 months.

Electronic television[link]

Old television test pattern, created by RCA in 1939 and widely used until color television gained in popularity

RCA demonstrated an all-electronic television system at the 1939 New York World's Fair, and developed the USA's first television test pattern. With the introduction of the NTSC standard, the Federal Communications Commission authorized the start of commercial television transmission on 1 July 1941. World War II slowed the deployment of television in the US, but RCA began selling television sets almost immediately after the war was over. (See also: History of television) RCA was closely involved in radar and radio development in support of the war effort. These development efforts greatly assisted RCA in its television research efforts.

RCA was a major producer of vacuum tubes (branded Radiotron) in the USA, creating a series of innovative products ranging from octal base metal tubes co-developed with General Electric before World War II to the transistor-sized Nuvistor used in the tuners of the New Vista series of television sets. The Nuvistor tubes were a last hurrah for vacuum tubes and were meant to be a competitive technology against the newly introduced transistors. RCA also partnered with Tung-Sol to produce the legendary KT88/6550 hi-fi vacuum tube. Their combined power in the marketplace was so strong that they effectively set the selling prices for vacuum tubes in the USA. Except for the main cathode ray tube (CRT), the company had completely switched from tubes to solid-state television sets by 1975.

Antitrust concerns led FCC to force the breakup of the NBC radio networks, a breakup affirmed by the United States Supreme Court. On 12 October 1943, the "NBC Blue" radio network was sold to Life Savers candy magnate Edward J. Noble for $8,000,000, and renamed "The Blue Network, Inc". It would become the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) in 1946. The "NBC Red" network retained the NBC name, and RCA retained ownership.

Diversification[link]

David Sarnoff with the first RCA videotape recorder, 1954.

In 1941, before the attack on Pearl Harbor, the cornerstone was laid for a research and development facility, RCA Laboratories, on Route 1 just north of New Jersey Rte 571 in Princeton, New Jersey. This lab developed many innovations, such as color television, the electron microscope, CMOS-based technology, heterojunction physics, optoelectronic emitting devices, liquid crystal displays (LCDs), videocassette recorders, direct broadcast television, direct broadcast satellite systems and high-definition television. From 1988 to January 2011, the Lab was called Sarnoff Corporation, a subsidiary of SRI International, after which it was fully integrated into SRI.^[12]

During World War II and beyond, RCA set up several new divisions, for defense, space exploration and other activities. The RCA Service Coporation provided large numbers of staff for the Distant Early Warning (DEW) Line. RCA units won five Army–Navy ‘E’ Awards for Excellence in production.^[13] Also during the war, ties between RCA and JVC were severed.

In 1947 RCA-Victor developed and released the first 45 rpm record to the public, answering CBS/Columbia's 33⅓ rpm "LP".^[14]

In 1953 RCA's all electronic color-TV technology was adopted as the standard for American color TV; it is now known as NTSC (after the "National Television System Committee" that approved it). RCA cameras and studio gear, particularly of the TK-40/41 series, became standard equipment at many American television network affiliates, as RCA CT-100^[15] ("RCA Merrill" to dealers) television sets introduced color television to the public.

RCA Television Quad head 2" color recorder/ reproducer used at broadcast studios in the late 1960s, 70s and early 80s. It used a vertical scanning drum with head motion at 90° to tape direction. This unit was developed before the now-common helical scanning used in commercial and home tape machines.

In 1955 RCA sold its Estate large appliance operations to Whirlpool Corporation. As part of the deal, Whirlpool was given the right to market "RCA Whirlpool" appliances through the mid-1960s.

Despite the company's indisputable leadership in television technology, David Sarnoff in 1955 commented, "Television will never be a medium of entertainment".

RCA was one of several major computer companies (see also: Computing) that also included IBM, Digital Equipment Corporation, Burroughs, Control Data Corporation, General Electric, Honeywell, NCR and Sperry Rand through most of the 1960s. RCA marketed the Spectra 70 Series (models 15, 25, 35, 45, 46, 55, 60 and 61) that were hardware, but not software, compatible with IBM’s 360 series, and the RCA Series (RCA 2, 3, 6, 7) competing against the IBM 370.^[16] These systems all ran RCA’s real-memory operating systems, DOS and TDOS. RCA’s Virtual Memory Systems, the Spectra 70/46 and 70/61 and the RCA 3 and 7 could also run their Virtual Memory Operating System, VMOS. VMOS was originally named TSOS (Time Sharing Operating System), but was renamed in order to expand the system beyond the time-sharing market. RCA was credited with coining the term "Virtual Memory". TSOS was the first mainframe, demand paging, virtual memory operating system on the market. The English Electric System 4 range, the 4-10, 4-30, 4-50,4-70 and the time-sharing 4-75 computers were essentially RCA Spectra 70 clones of the IBM System /360 and 370 range. RCA abandoned computers in 1971. Sperry Rand officially took over the RCA base in January 1972.

RCA Graphic Systems Division (GSD) was an early supplier of electronics designed for the printing and publishing industries. It contracted with German company Rudolf Hell to market adaptations of the Digiset photocomposition system as the Videocomp, and a Laser Color Scanner. The Videocomp was supported by a Spectra computer that ran the Page-1 and, later the Page-II and FileComp composition systems. RCA later sold the Videocomp rights to Information International Inc. (III).

RCA was a major proponent of the eight-track tape cartridge, which it launched in 1965. The eight-track cartridge initially had a huge and profitable impact on the consumer marketplace. However, sales of the 8-track tape format peaked early on as consumers increasingly favored the compact cassette tape format developed by competitor Philips.

Later years[link]

David Sarnoff, whose ambition and business acumen had helped RCA become one of the world's largest companies, turned the company over to his son Robert in 1970. David died the next year, aged 80.

On 17 September 1971, NBC's Huntley-Brinkley Report read a news bulletin issued by the RCA Board of Directors just minutes before the broadcast, announcing the Board's decision to cease operation of its general-purpose computer systems division (RCA-CSD). This marked a milestone in RCA's move away from technology and into a diversified conglomerate. (The introduction by IBM of the 370 series required RCA to make a substantial new investment in its computer division, and the Board decided against making that investment.)

During the late 1960s and 1970s, RCA Corporation, as it was now formally known, ventured into other markets. Under Robert Sarnoff's leadership, RCA diversified far beyond electronics and communications, in a broader American corporate trend toward "conglomerates." The company acquired Hertz (rental cars), Banquet (frozen foods), Coronet (carpeting), Random House (publishing) and Gibson (greeting cards), yet slipped into financial disarray, with wags calling it "Rugs Chickens & Automobiles" to poke fun at their attempt at becoming a conglomerate.^[17]

Robert Sarnoff was ousted in a 1975 boardroom coup by Anthony Conrad, who resigned a year later after he admitted failing to file income tax returns for six years. RCA maintained its high standards of engineering excellence in broadcast engineering and satellite communications equipment, but ventures such as the NBC radio and television networks declined.

In about 1980 RCA corporate strategy reported on moving manufacture of its television sets to Mexico. RCA was still profitable in 1983, when it switched manufacturing of its VHS VCRs from Panasonic to Hitachi.

Forays into new consumer electronics products lost money. The SelectaVision videodisc system, not to be confused with the same trademark that RCA applied to its VCRs, never developed the manufacturing volumes to substantially bring down its price, could not compete against cheaper, recordable videotape technology, and was abandoned in 1985 for a write-off of several hundred million dollars.

In 1984 RCA Broadcast Systems Division moved from Camden, New Jersey, to the site of the RCA antenna engineering facility in Gibbsboro, New Jersey. In the years that followed, the broadcast product lines developed in Camden were terminated or sold off, and most of the buildings demolished, save for the original RCA Victor buildings that had been declared national historical buildings.^[18] For several years, RCA spinoff L-3 Communications Systems East was headquartered in the building, but has since moved to an adjacent building built by the city for them. The building now houses shops and luxury loft apartments.^[19]

Takeover and break-up by GE[link]

Business and financial conditions led to RCA's takeover by GE in 1986 and its subsequent break-up. GE sold its 50% interest in then-RCA/Ariola International Records to its partner Bertelsmann and the company was renamed BMG Music, for Bertelsmann Music Group.

GE then sold the rights to make RCA- and GE-branded televisions and other consumer electronics products in 1988 to the French Thomson Consumer Electronics, in exchange for some of Thomson's medical businesses.

RCA Laboratories was transferred to SRI International as the David Sarnoff Research Center, subsequently renamed Sarnoff Corporation. Sarnoff Labs was put on a five-year plan whereby GE would fund all the labs' activities for the first year, then reduce its support to near zero after the fifth year. This required Sarnoff Labs to change its business model to become an industrial contract research facility.

The only RCA unit which GE kept was the National Broadcasting Company. GE sold the NBC Radio Network to Westwood One and all of its radio stations to various owners.

For information on the RCA brand after 1986, see RCA (trademark).

Legacy[link]

RCA antique radios and RCA Merrill/CT-100s and other early color television receivers are among the more sought-after collectible radios and televisions, thanks to their popularity during the golden age of radio, their manufacturing quality, their engineering innovations, their styling and their name, RCA.

The historic RCA Building 17 is one of the few remaining buildings in Camden, New Jersey, that once housed the vast RCA Victor complex.

The Nipper stained glass atop the "Nipper Tower" in the former Building 17. This photo, taken from inside the "Nipper Tower", shows the 2003 replacement of the 1978 replacement of the 1915 original glass.

The historic RCA Victor Building 17, the "Nipper Building", in Camden, New Jersey, was converted to luxury apartments in 2003.^[20][21]

Environmental record[link]

A former RCA facility in Taiwan's northern county of Taoyuan polluted groundwater with toxic chemicals and led to a high incidence of cancer among former employees.^[22] The area was declared a toxic site by the Taiwanese Environmental Protection Agency.^[23] Both GE and Thomson spent millions of dollars for cleanup, removing 10,000 cubic yards (7,600 m³) of soil and installing municipal water treatment facilities for neighboring communities.^[24] A spokesman for RCA's current owners denied responsibility, saying a study conducted by the Taiwan government showed no correlation between the illnesses and the company's facilities, which shut down in 1991.^[25]

A plant in Lancaster, Pennsylvania which RCA operated from the late 1940s to June 1986, released more than 250,000 pounds of pollutants per year from its exhaust stacks.^[26] Tested by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in the late 1980s and early 1990s, the groundwater at the facility is contaminated by trichloroethylene (TCE) and 1,2-dichloroethylene (1,2-DCE).^[27] In 1991 and 1992, contaminants were detected in monitoring wells on the east side of the Conestoga River in Lancaster.

The shallow and deep groundwater aquifers beneath the Intersil Facility in Mountaintop, Pennsylvania, which RCA operated in the 1960s and later sold to Harris Corporation, contain elevated levels of volatile organic compounds.^[28]

A site in Burlington, Massachusetts which RCA used from 1958 to 1994 to make and test military electronics equipment, generated hazardous waste (VOCs, TCE, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes).^[29][30]

In Barceloneta, Puerto Rico, an RCA-operated plant generated wastes containing chromium, selenium and iron. Four lagoons holding chemical waste drained into the limestone aquifer.^[31][32] Used water from the manufacturing process (process water), containing ferric chloride, was treated onsite to remove contaminants and then was discharged into a sinkhole at the site. The treatment of process water created a sludge that was stored onsite in drying beds and in surface impoundments.^[33]

See also[link]

• Ampliphase
• Berliner Gramophone Company, whose Canadian operation became RCA Victor of Canada
• Empire State Building broadcast stations
• HMV His Masters Voice
• RCA Mark II Sound Synthesizer
• RCA connector
• CMOS 4000 series
• RCA/Columbia Pictures Home Video, joint venture between RCA and Columbia Pictures
• RKO Pictures, founded in part by RCA
• RCA Photophone, Motion Picture sound recording
• Electrofax
• Harold H. Beverage vice president of research and development at RCA Communications Inc
• Ernst F. W. Alexanderson RCA's first Chief Engineer, 1920–1924
• George H. Brown, research engineer who headed RCA's development of color television
• Colortrak and Colortrak 2000, notable trademarks for RCA's early color television sets
• Dimensia, a high-end advanced trademark TV for RCA
• RCA Records
• Claude Robinson, American pioneer in advertising and opinion survey research
• Film Chain—RCA TK-26, TK-27 and TK-28
• Professional video cameras—TK 47 and more
• Victor Company of Japan (JVC)
• Missile Test Project

References[link]

• Robert N. Sobel: RCA New York: Stein and Day Publishers, 1986. ISBN 0-8128-3084-9

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: RCA

• RCA History from Technicolor
• Intech Contractors/Construction Managers. The Victor Project. Converting the "Nipper" building into apartments
• RCAGlobal.com - a web site dedicated to what was RCA Global Communications
• The Victor Lofts
• RCA Radio Central, Rock Point, Long Island, NY
• RCA Taiwan factory pollution
• RCA TV equipment archive

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Kevin "K-Mac" McCall
Kevin McCall 2010 Photo Shoot
Background information
Birth name	Kevin McCall
Also known as	K-Mac
Born	(1985-07-25) July 25, 1985 (age 26)
Origin	Watts, California
Genres	Hip hop, R&B, Pop
Occupations	Singer, Songwriter, Producer
Years active	2007-present
Labels	CBE, Universal Music Group
Associated acts	Chris Brown, Big Sean, Tyga
Website	http://www.kevinmccalljr.

Kevin Lamar McCall, Jr., (born July 25, 1985), better known as Kevin McCall or K-Mac, is an American singer, songwriter, producer, and rapper signed to Universal Music Group and CBE (Chris Brown Entertainment). He wrote on "Last Train to Paris", and was nominated with Chris Brown for Deuces on the 2011 Grammys. He is as of African American and Chinese descent.^[1]

He is also a member of Omega Psi Phi fraternity.

Kevin Lamar McCall Jr. was born on July 25, 1985 in, LA Watts, California. He is the 2nd oldest out of 3 sisters and 1 brother. Kevin affectionately known to friends and family as “K-MAC” was introduced to music at a very young age by his family who noticed Kevin’s desire, talent and interest for music early on. Like many artist Kevin’s love of music stemmed from his time singing in the church choir.

In 2007 Kevin graduated from Washington State University with a degree in Social Science and a Minor in Music and Ethnic Studies. Although Kevin taught himself piano, studying music in school allowed him to completely develop his skills as a songwriter and producer and artist.

Once back in Los Angeles, Kevin began networking and creating a buzz with his music as he saturated the web via Youtube, Myspace and Facebook. In his short time as a new songwriter and producer in the industry Kevin, has been fortunate to collaborate with both established and up and coming artist such as: Chris Brown, Keri Hilson, Tank, Trey Songz, Pleasure P, Keisha Cole, Kelly Rowland and Rich Girl just to name a few. As a member of Omega Psi Phi Fraternity Inc, Kevin has created a name for himself on the college circuit from performances of his original songs and also songs he has written for his fraternity.

In 2009 Kevin jumped head first into the music industry by producing 10 tracks off Chris Browns First Mixtape “In my Zone”. The mixtape included hits such as Big Booty Judy (Remix) by Kevin McCall feat Chris Brown and Ludacris, Twitter, Too Freaky and Work wit it just to name a few.

In May 2010 Kevin was asked to produce tracks for another mixtape entitled Fan of Fan collaboration between Chris Brown and Tyga (Young Money). While many fans believe this mixtape could have easily been an album Kevin is ecstatic with the success of the mixtape which includes a break out hit Deuces by Chris Brown feat Tyga and Kevin McCall. Deuces has steadily been climbing the billboard hot 100 and R and B Hip Hop charts.

Discography[link]

Studio albums[link]

• A.D.H.D. (2012)

Mixtapes[link]

• Un-invited Guest (Hosted by DJ Ill Will feat. DJ Drama) (2011)
• The EargaZm (Hosted by DJ Ill Will) (2011)

Singles[link]

As featured artist[link]

Production and writing credits[link]

Awards and nominations[link]

• Grammy Awards
  • 2011, Best Rap/Sung Collaboration: "Deuces" (nominated)^[9]

References[link]

External links[link]

• Official website

Gavin DeGraw
DeGraw in March 2012
Background information
Birth name	Gavin Shane DeGraw
Born	(1977-02-04) February 4, 1977 (age 35) South Fallsburg, New York, United States
Genres	Blue-eyed soul, pop rock, rock
Occupations	Musician and singer-songwriter
Instruments	Vocals, piano, guitar
Years active	2000–Present
Labels	RCA Records
Website	gavindegraw.com

Gavin Shane DeGraw (born February 4, 1977) is an American musician and singer-songwriter. He is known for his songs "Chariot", "Follow Through", "I Don't Want to Be" (which has been featured as the theme song for the television drama series, One Tree Hill since 2003), "In Love with a Girl", and "Not Over You".

Early life[link]

DeGraw grew up in the Catskills in South Fallsburg, New York.^[1] His mother, Lynne (Krieger), was a detox specialist, and his father, Wayne DeGraw, was a prison guard;^[2] he referenced his father's occupation in the song "I Don't Want to Be".^[3] His father is of Irish descent and his mother's family was of Russian ancestry.^[4] DeGraw began singing and playing piano at the age of eight. He also has two siblings, both older, named Neeka and Joey (born August 1973). It was at his brother's advice that he began writing his own songs.^[5] Joey DeGraw is a musician as well, currently touring to promote his own music.^[6]

Career[link]

DeGraw rose to fame in 2003 when "I Don't Want to Be" was chosen as the theme song for teen drama One Tree Hill.^[7] The song has also been performed on American Idol^[8] and Idol Sweden^[9] by various contestants during different seasons.

DeGraw released his debut album, Chariot on July 22, 2003 under J Records.^[10] Chariot was recorded at Los Angeles' music studios, Sunset Sound and produced by Mark Endert.^[1] Chariot sold over a million copies and earned platinum certification.^[11] The album also featured three of DeGraw's singles: "I Don’t Want To Be", "Follow Through" and "Chariot".^[11] He then went on to release an acoustic version of the album called Chariot Stripped in 2004. Chariot Stripped contains a cover version of Sam Cooke's "A Change Is Gonna Come".^[12]

DeGraw performing in Georgia, 2005

DeGraw's second album, self-titled Gavin DeGraw was released on May 6, 2008.^[10] The first single, "In Love with a Girl" was released on February 12, 2008. The second U.S. single "Cheated On Me" was released in the US on September 30, 2008. This was followed by the Live From Soho album, released on Nov 7 2008, featuring mostly tracks from Gavin DeGraw.^[13] Gavin DeGraw debuted at No. 1 on the digital sales chart and ranked at No. 7 on Billboard’s Top 200 album chart.^[11]

Gavin Degraw's third album, Free was released March 31, 2009.^[14] DeGraw made Free in less than two weeks at the Brooklyn studio of his producer Camus Celli. DeGraw included some songs on the album that he wrote very early in his career and that have evolved over time, songs such as "Dancing Shoes" and "Glass".^[1] The debut single from the album, "Stay", was released on March 11, 2009.^[15] FREE has been described as "recorded versions of his live favourites".^[11]

DeGraw's fourth, and most recent album, Sweeter was set to release on August 9, 2011 but got pushed back to September 20, 2011.^[16] The album features many tracks co-written with other artists. The first single "Not Over You" was released on iTunes in June.^[17] The track was co-written and produced by Ryan Tedder and was said to be inspired by Kyle Craig. "Not Over You" is his first song to reach the top spot on the Adult Pop Songs.^[18] Sweeter contains collaborations from producers including Butch Walker, Eric Rosse, and Ron Aniello; alongside another co-written title track, "Sweeter" with Andrew Frampton. The album was recorded in many locations including Blackbird Studios in Nashville, Walker’s Space in Venice and the Henson Recording Studios.^[11]

Sweeter is DeGraw's first album released under RCA Records, all three of his previous albums were released under J Records. DeGraw went on to release an acoustic album based mostly on songs from Sweeter. The iTunes Session album features seven tracks and a 30 minute interview.^[19]

Appearances[link]

Alongside DeGraw's musical career he has also performed on multiple TV shows and his songs can be heard across TV and film.

TV appearances[link]

DeGraw made his first TV appearance on Real Magic TV. He then went on to appear on: The Sharon Osbourne Show, Late Night with Conan O'Brien, American Dreams, Total Request Live and Rove Live. During Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade in 2004, DeGraw is credited as a performer. After this, he was seen on What I Like About You alongside Dutch TV shows Barend & Van Dorp and Clement Behrendt Kjersgaard. DeGraw performed "I Don't Want to Be" during the 2005 Radio Music Awards. He was also a musical guest on The VIP, Jensen!, New York 360º and Entertainment Tonight. DeGraw has appeared on multiple episodes of The Ellen DeGeneres Show, the Late Show with David Letterman, The Tonight Show with Jay Leno, Live! with Kelly, Jimmy Kimmel Live! and Last Call with Carson Daly, performing tracks from whichever album he was promoting. DeGraw is credited as a presenter for the 2011 American Music Awards and can mostly be seen presenting footage from backstage. Recently he appeared during an episode of Conan; the episode was aired on January 9, 2012.^[6] On April 4, 2012 DeGraw performed on the final episode of One Tree Hill following his heavy connection with the show throughout its nine seasons. ^[20]

DeGraw was a contestant on ABC's season 14 of Dancing With the Stars which premiered on Monday March 19, 2012. DeGraw and his partner Karina Smirnoff were eliminated from the competition during week 5, following a Dance Duel with cast-mate Jaleel White and his partner Kym Johnson. ^[21]

Soundtrack credits[link]

DeGraw's songs have been played on twelve different titles across both TV and film.

"Follow Through" was part of the soundtrack for 2004 film Laws of Attraction and an episode of Scrubs called My Self-Examination, aired on 27 April 2004. The song has also been featured on One Tree Hill and on British and Italian TV advertisements for Carte D'or.^[6]

"Chariot" features as an uncredited part of the soundtrack for the American-Canadian TV series Dead Like Me. The song features in a 2004 episode called Always and is portrayed by DeGraw. DeGraw plays a non-recurring small role as street singer, Pete Anderson. The song also features on the TV series Boston Legal in a 2006 episode named Helping Hands, it is played during Denise and Daniel's dinner. The song can also be heard during a 2007 episode of Cold Case called Knuckle Up.^[6]

His song "We Belong Together" was also featured in the 2006 film Tristan and Isolde.^[22]

DeGraw has performed a cover of Smokey Robinson's love ballad, "The Tracks of My Tears", which is played during Chaos Theory, an episode of The Cleaner aired on August 5 2008.^[6]

During a Christmas special of TV series House called "Joy to the World", a cover of The Christmas Song performed by DeGraw was played.^[6]

TV dance competition and reality show So You Think You Can Dance utilised three of DeGraw's tracks across four shows and also features a cover performed by DeGraw. "Belief", "More Then Anyone" and "We Belong Together" are used as background tracks across the 2006, 2008 and 2009 series respectively. During the first part of the 2007 finale, a cover of "We Are the Champions", performed by DeGraw, is used.^[6]

DeGraw's songs are contained in the soundtracks of eleven episodes of One Tree Hill. Throughout he is uncredited. However, tracks such as "Belief", "More Than Anyone", "Chariot", "We Belong Together" and "Jealous Guy" all feature in the show. During the second season of the show, an unreleased live version of "Chariot" is played during the episode "Something I Can Never Have".^[6]

During a special of the TV show The Bachelor called The Bachelor: Jason & Molly's Wedding, DeGraw's song "Follow Through" is played.^[6]

Acting credits[link]

He has appeared in an on-screen role in three One Tree Hill episodes. His first appearance was in 2004, during You Gotta Go There to Come Back; he was seen singing "I Don't Want to Be" and "Chariot" at Karen's Cafe. His second appearance was at the beginning of 2008 episode, What Comes After the Blues where he was seen singing "I Don't Want to Be" with Jackson Brundage and performs in the series final episode.^[6]

Other[link]

DeGraw has released a number of music videos as well, including "I Don't Want to Be", "Follow Through" and "Chariot". The latter was directed by Zach Braff, who also directed music videos for Joshua Radin.^[6]

DeGraw's song "More Than Anyone" was selected by fans of One Tree Hill through a Cingular Wireless contest as the first wedding dance song for Nathan & Haley in the 3rd season finale "The Show Must Go On."^[23]

At the Des Moines Arts Festival on 27 June 2009

He and his brother opened The National Underground in December 2007, a New York City music venue that is a roots rock Americana music bar located in Manhattan's Lower East Side, at 159 East Houston Street between Allen Street and Eldridge Street.^[24] The venue offers music, food, and drink.^[25][26][27] The idea for the venue came about because the brothers wanted a place where they could hang out on a regular basis, and where other musicians could come in and listen and learn.^[28] "We were picky about the quality of musicians that played there," Gavin DeGraw says. "We wanted a place where the players were so good, other musicians were like, 'Wow! I really respect what they're doing.'"^[29]

Personal life[link]

On August 8, 2011, DeGraw was hospitalized after being assaulted by several people in New York City. Police said a group of men attacked DeGraw early Sunday morning at 6th Street and First Avenue in the East Village, near The National Underground. He suffered a broken nose, a concussion, two black eyes and lacerations to his face. Only minutes after the attack, DeGraw was then struck by a taxi. He was admitted to Manhattan's Bellevue Hospital Center for treatment. He had to cancel his scheduled August 9 performance at the Saratoga Performing Arts Center, located in Saratoga, New York.^[30]

DeGraw has said that his ultimate goal is "to leave this world a better person, and for me to not be the only one who knows it."^[6]

Band members[link]

Current[link]

Billy Norris – guitar, background vocals (since 2009) Ian O'Neill – drums, background vocals (since 2011) Ben Mars- Bass (Started on summer tour of 2012) Jimmy Wallace – keyboards, acoustic guitar, vocals (2007–2008, since 2011)

Previous[link]

Johnny "Tsunami" Andrews – guitar, background vocals Joey DeGraw – guitar, background vocals Brian Dennis – guitar, background vocals Matt Flynn – drums Jose Barrera – Guitar and musical composition Joey "Coach" Hanna – drums, background vocals

Rodney Howard – drums Whynot Jansveld – bass, background vocals Alvin Moody – bass, background vocals Casey Twist – bass, background vocals Tony Tino - Bass

Discography[link]

Studio[link]

Title	Album details	Peak chart positions[31][32]									Certifications (sales thresholds)
		US	CAN	DEN	NED	FIN	ITA	SWI	SWE	NOR
Chariot	Release date: July 22, 2003 Label: J	56	—	1	6	23	43	48	21	2	US: Platinum[33]
Gavin DeGraw	Release date: May 6, 2008 Label: J	7	21	3	8	36	44	23	13	35
Free	Release date: March 31, 2009 Label: J	19	—	29	76	—	—	96	—	—
Sweeter	Release date: September 20, 2011 Label: RCA	8	41	6	6	—	—	19	29	25

EPs[link]

Title	Album details	Peak chart positions[34]
		US
iTunes: Live from Soho	Release date: 2008	167

Other albums[link]

• 2001: Gavin Live

Singles[link]

Year	Title	Chart positions[31][32]												Certifications (sales thresholds)	Album
		US	US Adult	US Pop	CAN	UK	IRE	AUS	NZ	NED	ITA	NOR	SWE
2004	"I Don't Want to Be"	10	9	1	—	27	25	19	30	13	—	6	15	US: Platinum[35]	Chariot
2005	"Chariot"	30	5	17	—	—	—	—	—	12	27	19	—	US: Gold[35]
	"Follow Through"	111	22	33	—	—	—	—	—	13	—	12	—	US: Gold[33]
2006	"Just Friends"	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	26	—	—	—
	"We Belong Together"	26	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	US: Gold[33]	Gavin DeGraw
2008	"In Love with a Girl"	24	5	10	32	—	—	—	—	22	—	—	73
	"She Holds a Key"	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	29	—	—	—
	"Cheated on Me"	—	30	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
2009	"I Have You to Thank"	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
	"Stay"	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—		Free
	"Dancing Shoes"	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
2011	"Not Over You"	18	1	9	23	—	—	37	8	13	—	—	—	US: Platinum[33] NZ: Gold[36] AUS: Platinum[37]	Sweeter
	"Soldier"	—	—	—	—	59	—	—	—	14	—	—	—
	"Sweeter"	—	17	—	—	—	—	—	—	25	—	—	—

Awards and nominations[link]

Year	Award
2005	Billboard Music Award nomination for Top Soundtrack Single of the Year ("I Don't Want to Be")
2005	Radio Music Award nomination for Song of the Year/Mainstream Top 40 Radio ("I Don't Want to Be")

See also[link]

	Biography portal
	Music portal

List of Berklee College of Music alumni List of Ithaca College alumni

List of people from New York List of singer-songwriters

References[link]

1. ^ ^{a b c} "Gavin DeGraw Biography". Gavin DeGraw US. http://gavindegraw.us/biography.html. Retrieved 25 January 2012. 
2. ^ "More Than a Memory - The Official Gavin DeGraw fan site: Articles & Interviews". Gavindegraw.us. 2005-04-29. http://gavindegraw.us/articles/timesheraldrecord05april29.html. Retrieved 2012-05-09. 
3. ^ "I Don't Want To Be Lyrics". Lyrics On Demand. http://www.lyricsondemand.com/g/gavindegrawlyrics/idontwanttobelyrics.html. Retrieved 25 January 2012. 
4. ^ Staff (February 3, 2005). "Gavin DeGraw Speaks Out on Life and Music – His 'I Don’t Want To Be' Is the Theme Song for the Teen Soap 'One Tree Hill'. Associated Press (via MSNBC). Retrieved August 8, 2011.
5. ^ "Gavin DeGraw". Bonnaroo Music and Arts Festival. http://www.bonnaroo.com/artists/gavin-degraw.aspx. 
6. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h i j k l} "Gavin DeGraw IMDB page". IMDB. http://www.imdb.com/name/nm1501113/. Retrieved 25 January 2012. 
7. ^ "One Tree Hill IMDB page". IMDB. http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0368530/. Retrieved 25 January 2012. 
8. ^ "'American Idol' Needs To Retire 'I Don't Want To Be,' Whitney Houston And Heart". MTV Website. MTV. http://newsroom.mtv.com/2010/03/03/american-idol-i-dont-want-to-be/. Retrieved 25 January 2012. 
9. ^ "YouTube Video: Guy singing I Don't Want To Be in Idol 2009". YouTube. Google. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e43QQdO_OJY. Retrieved 25 January 2012. 
10. ^ ^{a b} "Amazon: Chariot Gavin DeGraw | Format: Audio CD". Amazon Retail. http://www.amazon.com/Chariot-Gavin-Degraw/dp/B00009V8Z9. Retrieved 25 January 2012. 
11. ^ ^{a b c d e} "Gavin DeGraw Official Bio". Gavin DeGraw Official Website. http://www.gavindegraw.com/bio. Retrieved 28 January 2012. 
12. ^ "Amazon: Chariot Stripped (Bonus CD) Gavin DeGraw | Format: Audio CD". Amazon Retail. http://www.amazon.com/Chariot-Stripped-Bonus-Gavin-Degraw/dp/B0002IQJUK/ref=sr_1_1?s=music&ie=UTF8&qid=1327522439&sr=1-1. Retrieved 25 January 2012. 
13. ^ "Gavin DeGraw Discography". Gavin DeGraw Website. http://www.gavindegraw.us/discography.html. Retrieved 25 January 2012. 
14. ^ "Amazon: FREE Gavin DeGraw | Format: Audio CD". Amazon Retail. http://www.amazon.co.uk/FREE-Gavin-DeGraw/dp/B001T4MT64. Retrieved 25 January 2012. 
15. ^ "iTunes Single - Stay". iTunes. http://itunes.apple.com/us/album/stay-single/id308873888. Retrieved 25 January 2012. 
16. ^ "Gavin DeGraw Blog". Gavin DeGraw Blog. Gavin DeGraw. http://www.gavindegraw.us/. Retrieved 29 January 2012. 
17. ^ "Gavin DeGraw Website - Not Over You Release". Gavin DeGraw Website. http://www.gavindegraw.com/music/not-over-you-single. Retrieved 25 January 2012. 
18. ^ Trust, Gary (26 January 2012). "Weekly Chart Notes: Adele, Kelly Clarkson, Gavin DeGraw". Billboard. http://www.billboard.com/column/chartbeat/weekly-chart-notes-adele-kelly-clarkson-1005994562.story#/column/chartbeat/weekly-chart-notes-adele-kelly-clarkson-1005994562.story?page=2. Retrieved 28 January 2012. 
19. ^ "iTunes Session Gavin DeGraw". iTunes. http://itunes.apple.com/us/album/itunes-session/id480772033?ign-mpt=uo%3D4. Retrieved 25 January 2012. 
20. ^ "ABC.com - Dancing with the Stars - Dancing with the Stars 2012 Cast Announcement - Season 14". Abc.go.com. http://abc.go.com/shows/dancing-with-the-stars/cast-announcement. Retrieved 2012-05-09. 
21. ^ 04/18/2012 (2012-04-18). "'Dancing with the Stars' ('DWTS') 2012: Gavin DeGraw Booted After Showdown | Video - ABC News". Abcnews.go.com. http://abcnews.go.com/GMA/video/dancing-stars-dwts-2012-gavin-degraw-booted-showdown-16161893. Retrieved 2012-05-09. 
22. ^ "Gavin Degraw Discography". Gavin DeGraw. http://gavindegraw.us/discography.html. Retrieved 25 January 2012. 
23. ^ "Tree Hill Memories: 322 THE SHOW MUST GO ON". Tree Hill Memories. http://www.freewebs.com/treehillmemories/s322.html. Retrieved 29 January 2012. 
24. ^ "About Us". The National Underground Official website. Accessed October 5, 2010. http://www.thenationalunderground.com/aboutus.html. 
25. ^ Carlson, Erin (May 8, 2008). "Gavin DeGraw Doesn't Wanna Be Another Singer-Songwriter". The Decatur Daily. http://www.decaturdaily.com/stories/Gavin-DeGraw-doesnt-want-to-be-another-singer-songwriter,11132. 
26. ^ Friedman, Roger (March 6, 2008). "Patrick Swayze Slammed by National Enquirer". Fox News. http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,335432,00.html. 
27. ^ "Soul of the City: New York City". Glide Magazine. August 29, 2008. http://www.glidemagazine.com/hiddentrack/soul-of-the-city-new-york-city/. 
28. ^ Adams, Patty (July 27, 2008). "Six Seconds with: Gavin DeGraw". New York Post. http://www.nypost.com/pagesixmag/issues/20080727/Six+Seconds+Gavin+DeGraw. 
29. ^ Tomcho, Sandy (August 15, 2008). "Gavin DeGraw Performs at Monticello Gaming & Raceway". Times Herald-Record. http://www.recordonline.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20080815/ENTERTAIN/808150350. 
30. ^ "Gavin DeGraw released from hospital after attack, doesn’t remember much". The Washington Post. 10 August 2011. http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/celebritology/post/gavin-degraw-released-from-hospital-after-attack-doesnt-remember-much/2011/08/10/gIQAICCP6I_blog.html. Retrieved 21 September 2011. 
31. ^ ^{a b} Gavin DeGraw. Billboard
32. ^ ^{a b} "Gavin Degraw – Music Charts". Acharts.us. http://acharts.us/performer/gavin_degraw. Retrieved 2011-11-02. 
33. ^ ^{a b c d} "Gavin Degraw RIAA album certifications". RIAA. http://riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?resultpage=1&table=SEARCH_RESULTS&action=&title=&artist=Gavin%20DeGraw%&format=album&debutLP=&category=&sex=&releaseDate=&requestNo=&type=&level=&label=&company=&certificationDate=&awardDescription=&catalogNo=&aSex=&rec_id=&charField=&gold=&platinum=&multiPlat=&level2=&certDate=&album=&id=&after=&before=&startMonth=1&endMonth=1&startYear=1958&endYear=2010&sort=CertificationDate&perPage=50. Retrieved 2011-10-02. 
34. ^ "iTunes Live from Soho – Gavin DeGraw". AllMusic. http://www.allmusic.com/album/itunes-live-from-soho-r1462791/charts-awards. Retrieved 2011-11-02. 
35. ^ ^{a b} "Gavin DeGraw: Timeline". Rock On The Net. http://www.rockonthenet.com/artists-d/gavindegraw.htm. 
36. ^ "RIANZ". Recording Industry Association of New Zealand. http://www.rianz.org.nz/rianz/chart_facts.asp. Retrieved 2010-08-07. 
37. ^ "http://www.aria.com.au/pages/httpwww.aria.com.auSINGLEaccreds2011.htm". Aria.com.au. 2011-12-31. http://www.aria.com.au/pages/httpwww.aria.com.aupageshttpwww.aria.com.auSINGLEaccreds2011.htm. Retrieved 2012-05-09. 

• Billboard Artist Chart History – retrieved March 15, 2009.

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Gavin DeGraw

• gavindegraw.com, DeGraw's official website
• Gavin DeGraw at the Internet Movie Database
• Gavin DeGraw collection at the Internet Archive's live music archive
• Music videos at AOL Video
• Exclusive Gavin DeGraw Interviews at OurStage.com

v t e Gavin DeGraw Albums Chariot Gavin DeGraw Free Sweeter Singles "I Don't Want to Be" "Chariot" "Follow Through" "In Love with a Girl" "Cheated on Me" "Not Over You" "Soldier" "Sweeter" Related articles RCA Records

v t e Dancing with the Stars (U.S. season 14) Donald Driver Katherine Jenkins William Levy Maria Menounos Melissa Gilbert Roshon Fegan Jaleel White Gladys Knight Gavin DeGraw Sherri Shepherd Jack Wagner Martina Navratilova

Persondata
Name	Degraw, Gavin
Alternative names
Short description
Date of birth	February 4, 1977
Place of birth	South Fallsburg, New York, United States
Date of death
Place of death