HTML5
(HyperText Markup Language)

HTML5 official logo, introduced on January 18, 2011.
Filename extension	.html, .htm
Internet media type	text/html
Type code	TEXT
Uniform Type Identifier	public.html
Developed by	World Wide Web Consortium and WHATWG
Type of format	Markup language
Extended from	SGML
Extended to	XHTML5[citation needed]
Open format?	Yes
Website	whatwg.org/html www.w3.org/TR/html5

HTML5 is a markup language for structuring and presenting content for the World Wide Web, and is a core technology of the Internet originally proposed by Opera Software.^[1] It is the fifth revision of the HTML standard (created in 1990 and standardized as HTML4 as of 1997)^[2] and, as of May 2012^[update], is still under development. Its core aims have been to improve the language with support for the latest multimedia while keeping it easily readable by humans and consistently understood by computers and devices (web browsers, parsers, etc.). HTML5 is intended to subsume not only HTML 4, but XHTML 1 and DOM Level 2 HTML as well.^[2]

Following its immediate predecessors HTML 4.01 and XHTML 1.1, HTML5 is a response to the observation that the HTML and XHTML in common use on the World Wide Web are a mixture of features introduced by various specifications, along with those introduced by software products such as web browsers, those established by common practice, and the many syntax errors in existing web documents.^[3] It is also an attempt to define a single markup language that can be written in either HTML or XHTML syntax. It includes detailed processing models to encourage more interoperable implementations; it extends, improves and rationalises the markup available for documents, and introduces markup and application programming interfaces (APIs) for complex web applications.^[4] For the same reasons, HTML5 is also a potential candidate for cross-platform mobile applications. Many features of HTML5 have been built with the consideration of being able to run on low-powered devices such as smartphones and tablets. In December 2011 research firm Strategy Analytics forecast sales of HTML5 compatible phones will top 1 billion in 2013.^[5]

In particular, HTML5 adds many new syntactical features. These include the new <video>, <audio> and <canvas> elements, as well as the integration of scalable vector graphics (SVG) content that replaces the uses of generic <object> tags and MathML for mathematical formulae. These features are designed to make it easy to include and handle multimedia and graphical content on the web without having to resort to proprietary plugins and APIs. Other new elements, such as <section>, <article>, <header> and <nav>, are designed to enrich the semantic content of documents. New attributes have been introduced for the same purpose, while some elements and attributes have been removed. Some elements, such as <a>, <cite> and <menu> have been changed, redefined or standardized. The APIs and document object model (DOM) are no longer afterthoughts, but are fundamental parts of the HTML5 specification.^[4] HTML5 also defines in some detail the required processing for invalid documents so that syntax errors will be treated uniformly by all conforming browsers and other user agents.^[6]

History[link]

This section may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. No cleanup reason has been specified. Please help improve this section if you can; the talk page may contain suggestions. (January 2012)

The Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group (WHATWG) began work on the new standard in 2004, when the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) was focusing future developments on XHTML 2.0, and HTML 4.01 had not been updated since 2000.^[7] In 2009, the W3C allowed the XHTML 2.0 Working Group's charter to expire and decided not to renew it. W3C and WHATWG are currently working together on the development of HTML5.^[8]

Although HTML5 has been well known among web developers for years, it became the topic of mainstream media around April 2010^{[9][10][11][12]} after Apple Inc's then-CEO Steve Jobs issued a public letter titled "Thoughts on Flash" where he concludes that "[Adobe] Flash is no longer necessary to watch video or consume any kind of web content" and that "new open standards created in the mobile era, such as HTML5, will win".^[13] This sparked a debate in web development circles where some suggested that while HTML5 provides enhanced functionality, developers must consider the varying browser support of the different parts of the standard as well as other functionality differences between HTML5 and Flash.^[14] In early November 2011 Adobe announced that it will discontinue development of Flash for mobile devices and reorient its efforts in developing tools utilizing HTML 5.^[15]

Standardization process[link]

The Mozilla Foundation and Opera Software presented a position paper at a World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) workshop in June 2004,^[16] focusing on developing technologies that are backwards compatible with existing browsers,^[17] including an initial draft specification of Web Forms 2.0. The workshop concluded with a vote, 8 for, 14 against, for continuing work on HTML.^[18] Later that month, work based upon that position paper moved to the newly formed Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group (WHATWG), and a second draft, Web Applications 1.0, was also announced.^[19] The two specifications were later merged to form HTML5.^[20]

The HTML5 specification was adopted as the starting point of the work of the new HTML working group of the W3C in 2007. This working group published the First Public Working Draft of the specification on 22 January 2008.^[21] Parts of HTML5 have been implemented in browsers despite the whole specification not yet having reached final Recommendation status.

According to the original W3C timetable, it was estimated that HTML5 would reach W3C Recommendation by late 2010, after a Last Call in 2008.^{[citation needed]} However, the First Public Working Draft estimate was missed by eight months, and Last Call was only reached in 2011.^[22]

On 14 February 2011, the W3C extended the charter of its HTML Working Group with clear milestones for HTML5. In May 2011, the working group advanced HTML5 to "Last Call", an invitation to communities inside and outside W3C to confirm the technical soundness of the specification. The W3C is developing a comprehensive test suite to achieve broad interoperability for the full specification by 2014, which is now the target date for Recommendation.^[23]

Even as innovation continues, advancing HTML5 to Recommendation provides the entire Web ecosystem with a stable, tested, interoperable standard. The decision to schedule the HTML5 Last Call for May 2011 was an important step in setting industry expectations. Today we take the next step, announcing 2014 as the target for Recommendation.

— Jeff Jaffe, Chief Executive Officer, World Wide Web Consortium^[23]

The criterion for the specification becoming a W3C Recommendation is "two 100% complete and fully interoperable implementations".^[24] In an interview with TechRepublic, Ian Hickson guessed that this would occur in the year 2022 or later.^[25] However, many parts of the specification are stable and may be implemented in products^{[non-primary source needed]}:

Some sections are already relatively stable and there are implementations that are already quite close to completion, and those features can be used today (e.g. <canvas>).

— WHAT Working Group, When will HTML5 be finished?^[24], FAQ

The WHATWG made a Last Call for its HTML5 specification in October 2009.^[26][27] Then, in December 2009, WHATWG switched to an unversioned development model for the HTML specification, effectively abandoning its HTML5 project, but kept the name "HTML5".^[28] In January 2011, following this, the WHATWG renamed its "HTML5" living standard to "HTML". The W3C nevertheless continues its project to release HTML5.^[29]

As of May 2012^[update], the specification is in Working Draft state at the W3C. Ian Hickson of Google is the editor of HTML5.^[30]

Markup[link]

HTML5 introduces a number of new elements and attributes that reflect typical usage on modern websites. Some of them are semantic replacements for common uses of generic block (<div>) and inline (<span>) elements, for example <nav> (website navigation block), <footer> (usually referring to bottom of web page or to last lines of HTML code), or <audio> and <video> instead of <object>.^[31][32][33] Some deprecated elements from HTML 4.01 have been dropped, including purely presentational elements such as <font> and <center>, whose effects are achieved using Cascading Style Sheets. There is also a renewed emphasis on the importance of DOM scripting (e.g., JavaScript) in Web behavior.

The HTML5 syntax is no longer based on SGML^[34][35] despite the similarity of its markup. It has, however, been designed to be backward compatible with common parsing of older versions of HTML. It comes with a new introductory line that looks like an SGML document type declaration, <!DOCTYPE html>, which triggers the standards-compliant rendering mode.^[36] As of 5 January 2009, HTML5 also includes Web Forms 2.0, a previously separate WHATWG specification.

New APIs[link]

In addition to specifying markup, HTML5 specifies scripting application programming interfaces (APIs) that can be used with JavaScript.^[37] Existing document object model (DOM) interfaces are extended and de facto features documented. There are also new APIs, such as:

HTML5 related APIs. HTML5 & CSS3 Quick Reference by Sergey Mavrody .^[38]

• The canvas element for immediate mode 2D drawing. See Canvas 2D API Specification 1.0 specification^[39]
• Timed media playback
• Offline Web Applications^[40]
• Document editing
• Drag-and-drop
• Cross-document messaging^[41]
• Browser history management
• MIME type and protocol handler registration
• Microdata
• Web Storage, a key-value pair storage framework that provides behaviour similar to Cookies but with larger storage capacity and improved API.^[42]

Not all of the above technologies are included in the W3C HTML5 specification, though they are in the WHATWG HTML specification.^[43] Some related technologies, which are not part of either the W3C HTML5 or the WHATWG HTML specification, are as follows. The W3C publishes specifications for these separately:

• Geolocation
• Web SQL Database, a local SQL Database (no longer maintained).^[44]
• The Indexed Database API, an indexed hierarchical key-value store (formerly WebSimpleDB).^[45]
• File API, Handle file uploads and file manipulation.^[46]
• Directories and System. This API is intended to satisfy client-side-storage use cases not well served by databases.^[47]
• File Writer. An API for writing to files from web applications.^[48]

HTML5 alone cannot provide animation within web pages. Either JavaScript or CSS3 is necessary for animating HTML elements. Animation is also possible using JavaScript and HTML 4^{[49][not in citation given]}, and within SVG elements through SMIL, although browser support of the latter remains uneven as of 2011.

XHTML5[link]

XHTML5 is the XML serialization of HTML5. XML documents must be served with an XML Internet media type such as application/xhtml+xml or application/xml.^[50] XHTML5 requires XML's strict, well-formed syntax. The choice between HTML5 and XHTML5 boils down to the choice of a MIME/content type: the media type one chooses determines what type of document should be used.^[51] In XHTML5 the HTML5 doctype html is optional and may simply be omitted.^[52] HTML that has been written to conform to both the HTML and XHTML specifications—and which will therefore produce the same DOM tree whether parsed as HTML or XML—is termed "polyglot markup".^[53]

Error handling[link]

An HTML5 (text/html) browser will be flexible in handling incorrect syntax. HTML5 is designed so that old browsers can safely ignore new HTML5 constructs.^{[citation needed]} In contrast to HTML 4.01, the HTML5 specification gives detailed rules for lexing and parsing, with the intent that different compliant browsers will produce the same result in the case of incorrect syntax.^[54] Although HTML5 now defines a consistent behavior for "tag soup" documents, those documents are not regarded as conforming to the HTML5 standard.^[54]

Security[link]

Popularity[link]

According to a report released on 30 September 2011, 34 of the world's top 100 Web sites were using HTML5 – the adoption led by search engines and social networks.^[55]

Differences from HTML 4.01 and XHTML 1.x[link]

The following is a cursory list of differences and some specific examples.

New parsing rules: oriented towards flexible parsing and compatibility; not based on SGML Ability to use inline SVG and MathML in text/html New elements: article, aside, audio, bdi, canvas, command, data, datalist, details, embed, figcaption, figure, footer, header, hgroup, keygen, mark, meter, nav, output, progress, rp, rt, ruby, section, source, summary, time, track, video, wbr

New types of form controls: dates and times, email, url, search, number, range, tel, color[56] New attributes: charset (on meta), async (on script) Global attributes (that can be applied for every element): id, tabindex, hidden, data-* (custom data attributes) Deprecated elements will be dropped altogether: acronym, applet, basefont, big, center, dir, font, frame, frameset, isindex, noframes, strike, tt

dev.w3.org provides the latest Editors Draft (last dated 15 March 2012) of "HTML5 differences from HTML4",^[57] which provides a complete outline of additions, removals and changes between HTML5 and HTML4.

The HTML5 logo[link]

The W3C HTML5 logo

On 18 January 2011, the W3C introduced a logo to represent the use of or interest in HTML5. Unlike other badges previously issued by the W3C, it does not imply validity or conformance to a certain standard. As of 1 April 2011, this logo is official.^[58]

When initially presenting it to the public, the W3C announced the HTML5 logo as a "general-purpose visual identity for a broad set of open web technologies, including HTML5, CSS, SVG, WOFF, and others".^[59] Some web standard advocates, including The Web Standards Project, criticised that definition of "HTML5" as an umbrella term, pointing out the blurring of terminology and the potential for miscommunication.^[59] Three days later, the W3C responded to community feedback and changed the logo's definition, dropping the enumeration of related technologies.^[60] The W3C then said the logo "represents HTML5, the cornerstone for modern Web applications".^[58]

See also[link]

Adobe Edge HTML5 Timeline Editor Cache manifest in HTML5 Comparison of layout engines (HTML5) CSS3 HTML5 in mobile devices HTML5 video

Microdata (HTML5) WebGL Comparison of HTML5 and Flash ‎ Computer science portal Internet portal

References[link]

1. ^ 1 Introduction — HTML5
2. ^ ^{a b} "HTML5 Differences from HTML4". Working Draft. World Wide Web Consortium. 5 April 2011. Introduction. http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/WD-html5-diff-20110405/. Retrieved 30 April 2011. "HTML 4 became a W3C Recommendation in 1997. While it continues to serve as a rough guide to many of the core features of HTML, it does not provide enough information to build implementations that interoperate with each other and, more importantly, with a critical mass of deployed content. The same goes for XHTML1, which defines an XML serialization for HTML4, and DOM Level 2 HTML, which defines JavaScript APIs for both HTML and XHTML. HTML5 will replace these documents." 
3. ^ W3C Markup Validation Service, using this service anybody can check that almost all the web sites created by popular user friendly tools produce web pages not conforming the W3C standards. The situation can perhaps become a bit better in the later times, but this was the situation between 1998 and 2012. This fact belongs to the folklore of the real experts, not the average experts floading the world of informatics.
4. ^ ^{a b} "HTML5 Differences from HTML4". World Wide Web Consortium. 19 October 2010. http://www.w3.org/TR/html5-diff/. Retrieved 4 December 2010. 
5. ^ HTML5-enabled phones to hit 1 billion in sales in 2013 | Internet & Media - CNET News
6. ^ "1.9.2 Syntax Errors". HTML5. 16 November 2010. http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/Overview.html#syntax-errors. Retrieved 4 December 2010. 
7. ^ "HTML 4 Errata". World Wide Web Consortium. http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/html4-updates/errata. Retrieved 4 December 2010. 
8. ^ "Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) About the Future of XHTML". World Wide Web Consortium. http://www.w3.org/2009/06/xhtml-faq.html. Retrieved 4 December 2010. 
9. ^ "FOX News: No Flash on the iPhone? Apple's Steve Jobs Finally Explains Why". http://www.foxnews.com/scitech/2010/04/29/flash-iphone-apples-steve-jobs-finally-explains/. 
10. ^ "TIME: Steve Jobs: ‘Flash is No Longer Necessary’ and Other Musings". http://techland.time.com/2010/04/29/steve-jobs-flash-is-no-longer-necessary-and-other-musings/. 
11. ^ "Steve Jobs: Why Apple Banned Flash". CBS News. http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-501465_162-20003744-501465.html. 
12. ^ "FastCompany: Steve Jobs: Adobe's Flash Is Old PC History, Open Web Is the Future". http://www.fastcompany.com/1633336/steve-jobs-flash-adobe-apple-iphone-os-mac-software-open-standards-proprietary-open-letter. 
13. ^ 'Thoughts on Flash', by Steve Jobs, CEO of Apple, Inc.
14. ^ Is HTML5 Replacing Flash?
15. ^ ""Flash to Focus on PC Browsing and Mobile Apps; Adobe to More Aggressively Contribute to HTML5"". adobe.com. http://blogs.adobe.com/flashplatform/2011/11/flash-to-focus-on-pc-browsing-and-mobile-apps-adobe-to-more-aggressively-contribute-to-html5.html. Retrieved 26 February 2012. 
16. ^ ""Position Paper for the W3C Workshop on Web Applications and Compound Documents"". World Wide Web Consortium. http://www.w3.org/2004/04/webapps-cdf-ws/papers/opera.html. Retrieved 30 December 2011. 
17. ^ ""W3C Workshop on Web Applications and Compound Documents (Day 1) Jun 1, 2004"". World Wide Web Consortium. http://www.w3.org/2004/04/webapps-cdf-ws/minutes-20040601.html#topic18.1. Retrieved 30 December 2011. 
18. ^ ""W3C Workshop on Web Applications and Compound Documents (Day 2) Jun 2, 2004"". World Wide Web Consortium. http://www.w3.org/2004/04/webapps-cdf-ws/minutes-20040602.html#topic28.1. Retrieved 30 December 2011. 
19. ^ "[whatwg] WHAT open mailing list announcement". lists.whatwg.org Mailing Lists. http://lists.whatwg.org/htdig.cgi/whatwg-whatwg.org/2004-June/000005.html. Retrieved 4 March 2010. 
20. ^ ""This Week in HTML 5 – Episode 5"". WHATWG Blog. http://blog.whatwg.org/this-week-in-html-5-episode-5. Retrieved 30 December 2011. 
21. ^ "HTML5: A vocabulary and associated APIs for HTML and XHTML.". World Wide Web Consortium. http://www.w3.org/TR/html5/. Retrieved 28 January 2009. 
22. ^ "W3C Invites Broad Review of HTML5". World Wide Web Consortium. 2011-05-25. http://www.w3.org/2011/05/html5lc-pr.html. Retrieved 2012-01-27. 
23. ^ ^{a b} "W3C Confirms May 2011 for HTML5 Last Call, Targets 2014 for HTML5 Standard". World Wide Web Consortium. 14 February 2011. http://www.w3.org/2011/02/htmlwg-pr.html. Retrieved 18 February 2011. 
24. ^ ^{a b} "When Will HTML5 Be Finished?". FAQ. WHAT Working Group. http://wiki.whatwg.org/wiki/FAQ#What.27s_this_I_hear_about_2022.3F. Retrieved 29 November 2009. 
25. ^ "HTML 5 Editor Ian Hickson Discusses Features, Pain Points, Adoption Rate, and More". http://blogs.techrepublic.com.com/programming-and-development/?p=718. Retrieved 21 June 2010. 
26. ^ "[whatwg] HTML5 at Last Call (at the WHATWG)". Lists.whatwg.org. http://lists.whatwg.org/pipermail/whatwg-whatwg.org/2009-October/023849.html. Retrieved 4 March 2010. 
27. ^ "Dive Into HTML5". http://diveintohtml5.ep.io/. 
28. ^ Hickson, Ian. "WHATWG: Switching to an Unversioned Development Model". http://lists.whatwg.org/pipermail/whatwg-whatwg.org/2009-December/024477.html. Retrieved 21 January 2011. 
29. ^ Hickson, Ian. "HTML Is the New HTML5". http://blog.whatwg.org/html-is-the-new-html5. Retrieved 21 January 2011. 
30. ^ "HTML5: A vocabulary and associated APIs for HTML and XHTML (Editor's Draft).". World Wide Web Consortium. http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/. Retrieved 12 April 2010. 
31. ^ Introduction to HTML5 video
32. ^ IBM Developer Works New elements in HTML5: Structure and semantics
33. ^ ICAMD.org Finalcut Silverlight Films that Videographers share Quicktime in a Flash : Video on the Web using HTML5 and other Codecs
34. ^ HTML5 DTD: "HTML5 is not SGML-based, and there will be no official DTD for it."
35. ^ HTML 5 Reference: "Although it is inspired by its SGML origins, in practice, it really only shares minor syntactic similarities." "As HTML5 is no longer formally based upon SGML, the DOCTYPE no longer serves this purpose, and thus no longer needs to refer to a DTD."
36. ^ InstantShift [1] HTML5: Worth the Hype?
37. ^ "HTML5 Differences from HTML4 – APIs". World Wide Web Consortium.
38. ^ Sergey Mavrody "Sergey's HTML5 & CSS3 Quick Reference. 2nd Edition". Belisso Corp., 2012. ISBN 978-0-9833867-2-8
39. ^ "HTML Canvas 2D Context". World Wide Web Consortium.
40. ^ "Offline Web Applications". World Wide Web Consortium.
41. ^ "HTML5 Web Messaging". World Wide Web Consortium.
42. ^ "Web Storage Specification". World Wide Web Consortium.
43. ^ 1 Introduction — HTML Standard
44. ^ "Web SQL Database". World Wide Web Consortium.
45. ^ "Indexed Database". World Wide Web Consortium.
46. ^ "File API". World Wide Web Consortium.
47. ^ "Filesystem API". World Wide Web Consortium.
48. ^ "File API: Writer". World Wide Web Consortium.
49. ^ "What HTML5 is (and what it isn't)", HTML5 First Look, (lynda.com, 2010), <http://www.lynda.com/home/DisplayCourse.aspx?lpk2=67161>
50. ^ van Kesteren, Anne. "HTML5 differences from HTML4 – W3C Working Draft 19 October 2010". World Wide Web Consortium. http://dev.w3.org/html5/html4-differences/#syntax. Retrieved 2 November 2010. 
51. ^ Sergey Mavrody "Sergey's HTML5 & CSS3 Quick Reference". Belisso Corp., 2010. ISBN 978-0-615-43321-9
52. ^ "The XHTML syntax ― HTML5". Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group. http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/the-xhtml-syntax.html#writing-xhtml-documents. Retrieved 1 September 2009. 
53. ^ Polyglot Markup: HTML-Compatible XHTML Documents, W3C Working Draft 5 April 2011
54. ^ ^{a b} "FAQ – WHATWG Wiki". WHATWG. http://wiki.whatwg.org/wiki/FAQ#Why_does_this_new_HTML_spec_legitimise_tag_soup.3F. Retrieved 26 August 2011. 
55. ^ "Percentage of Web sites Using HTML5". binvisions. http://www.binvisions.com/articles/how-many-percentage-web-sites-using-html5. Retrieved 21 October 2011. 
56. ^ "HTML5: The Markup Language Reference: Input Control". World Wide Web Consortium. http://dev.w3.org/html5/markup/input.html. Retrieved 17 February 2011. 
57. ^ "HTML5 Differences from HTML4". FAQ. World Wide Web Consortium. 15 March 2012. http://dev.w3.org/html5/html4-differences/. Retrieved 15 March 2012. 
58. ^ ^{a b} "W3C HTML5 Logo FAQ". World Wide Web Consortium. http://www.w3.org/html/logo/faq.html. Retrieved 21 January 2011. "Is this W3C's "official" logo for HTML5? Yes, as of 1 April 2011." 
59. ^ ^{a b} "HTML5 Logo: Be Proud, But Don't Muddy the Waters!". The Web Standards Project. http://www.webstandards.org/2011/01/18/regarding-the-html5-logo. Retrieved 22 January 2011. 
60. ^ "The HTML5 Logo Conversation". World Wide Web Consortium. http://www.w3.org/QA/2011/01/the_html5_logo_conversation.html. Retrieved 21 January 2011. 

Further reading[link]

• Sneath, Tim (3 October 2010). "HTML5: A Specification or a Platform?". Musings of a Client Platform Guy. Microsoft. http://blogs.msdn.com/b/tims/archive/2010/10/03/html5-a-specification-or-a-platform.aspx. Retrieved 18 October 2010. 
• Khan, Saud (7 May 2010). "HTML5 Unleashed: Tips, Tricks and Techniques". W3Avenue. http://www.w3avenue.com/2010/05/07/html5-unleashed-tips-tricks-and-techniques/. Retrieved 18 October 2010. 

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: HTML5

• HTML Working Group and drafts of HTML5 specifications and notes
• HTML5 Logo
• Mozilla Demo Studio (includes demonstrations of HTML5)
• Interactive test of HTML5 input elements
• Alex Mackey on HTML5 – The Useful Bits
• HTML5 Rocks by Google
• HTML5libs - A Comparison Matrix of HTML5-oriented Software
• The HTML5 Center
• The HTML5 Test - How well does your browser support html5?
• HTML5 Bookmarks - daily articles and bookmarks
• Best HTML5 Gallery - Showcase of Html5 markup sites
• CSE HTML Validator for Windows - HTML checker/validator with HTML5 support

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Stephen "Stevie" Woods (born 23 February 1970 in Glasgow) is a Scottish former goalkeeper who currently works as a Goalkeeping Coach for Celtic. He was appointed to this role at the end of June 2007. In June 2009 he was promoted to the he role of first team Goalkeeping Coach.

During his playing career Woods played for Hibernian, Clydebank, Preston North End, Motherwell, St. Mirren and Livingston. Before he joined Celtic, Woods was the goalkeeping coach for Dunfermline Athletic.

Cancer Fundraising[link]

He is making a trek to Mount Kilimanjaro in June 2009 to raise money for The Anthony Nolan Trust which is a charity focusing on leukaemia and bone marrow transplant. He is a long supporter of the trust and first got involved when he met another cancer sufferer (Johanna MacVicar) while working at Motherwell FC in 2005. He does this as "I can help spread the message and encourage others to support the charity's work" and since the death of Tommy Burns, it has given him an extra incentive to complete this trek.

References[link]

External links[link]

• Stevie Woods career stats at Soccerbase
• Woods' appointment as coach, from Celticfc.net^{[dead link]}
• [1]

This biographical article related to a Scottish football goalkeeper is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v t e

This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (May 2010)

The Basics
The Basics at the Oxford Art Factory, 2010
Background information
Origin	Melbourne, Australia
Genres	Rock
Years active	2002–present
Labels	Independent, Albert Records
Associated acts	Gotye, Down Hills Home, Dog With Wheels, Blood Red Bird
Website	The Basics Official Website
Members
Wally De Backer Kris Schroeder Tim Heath
Past members
Michael Hubbard
Notable instruments
Lead guitar, drums, bass guitar.

The Basics ( /ˈbæzɪtʃ/ BAZZ-ich) are a three-piece band from Melbourne, Australia, formed by Wally De Backer and Kris Schroeder in 2002. Their style has been described as anything from 'indie-pop' to 'rock'n'roll' to 'pop-rock', though their records show they span a wide range of genres, including reggae, ska, country, and electro-pop. They are "recognised as one of Australia's hardest-working bands".^[1]

With close to 1000 shows in their ten-year career, their live performances are well-known for their sense of humour and energy.^[2]

Formation[link]

The Basics were formed after Kris met Wally at a party in Melbourne.^[3] The event was to see off the young aspiring producer, who was about to depart for Los Angeles, and together with a number of musician friends, the two jammed on some blues-rock standards. Later that night, they bonded over a mutual love of The Beatles, 70s and 80s cartoon theme songs and old Sierra adventure games.

Initially, they played around Melbourne as an acoustic guitar/drums combo, starting at The Opposition in Frankston and the House of Fools in Footscray, where in late 2002 they met Michael Hubbard and later invited him to join them on electric guitar.^[4] Though lacking any real experience with the instrument, Kris willingly purchased his first bass guitar, and the trio was born. During this time, the group start performing songs with more complicated three-part harmony.

During late 2002 and early 2003, The Basics recorded and released an album called Get Back through MGM Distribution. They began what was to become regular tours of the East and West coasts of Australia.

2004-2005: Current lineup[link]

Tim Heath joined the group in June 2004, after Michael decided to pursue his solo career, which has included being one half of Down Hills Home.^[4] Tim was reportedly the only person to reply to an advertisement in Melbourne's Beat Magazine looking for a new guitarist. Tim apparently answered the advertisement - which said the applicant "must have a love of 50s and 60s rock'n'roll" - thinking that he would be meeting "a couple of old guys to play with on the weekends over some beers". They soon recorded For Girls Like You.

The Basics in 2005 continued to tour and play small festivals, and after releasing For Girls Like You through MGM Distribution, they departed for a national tour of Australia, which lasted for two months and took them to every Australian state and territory. Stuart Padbury, a young Melbourne sound engineer, joined them on much of this tour. On returning, the band began demonstrating songs for a new album.

2006-2009: Touring and soundtracks[link]

In 2006, The Basics began recording what was to become known as Stand Out/Fit In. Taking several months, it was not completed until the end of the year, despite intentions to have it released in June. Instead, they held a successful 'album preview', where each of the tracks was demonstrated in 'rough form' accompanied by a music video for each (produced by Melbourne photographic artist James Bryans). The band also talked about the origins of the songs. This event brought a lot of attention to the band for the idea's originality. They pre-released a radio single 'Just Hold On' from the album. The band were invited to play the hugely popular Homebake Festival in Sydney, where they received a great response, after being introduced onto the stage by a short stocky Asian guy with big calves ("one of the highlights" wrote The Daily Telegraph).

In 2007, the band departed on a tri-state residency which saw them play Melbourne, Sydney and Brisbane every week for the month of April - a bold move which brought further attention to the band for its original idea.^[5] Riding on the wave of this tour, Schroeder, De Backer and Heath departed on their first overseas tour which saw them performing 26 shows around Japan, Norway and the United Kingdom.^[6] They also toured twice more up the East Coast, one of which was with popular Japanese band The Bawdies. Their song 'Rattle My Chain' was used in a series of commercials for Volvo Australia. The song 'Hey There!' featured in the British film The Bank Job - starring Jason Statham - and was used as the backing for a February 2007 short film directed by Tim Longhurst called The Rip. Their song 'Better' was featured in a surfing documentary about the invention of the shortboard in 1967.

In 2008, the band appeared on Australia's Channel 9 for Australia Day celebrations, performing two of their songs - 'Just Hold On' and 'Hey There!' - to an estimated audience of 2 million. Securing an Australian Government grant, they embarked on a two-month tour of Australia, specifically targeting "culturally underprivileged groups" in rural and regional schoolchildren and Indigenous communities. The programme had them holding masterclasses and performing alongside Indigenous groups in the remote Northern Territory and Queensland.^[7][8] Their initiative also had them raising money for the charity Lifeline^{[disambiguation needed ]}, their contribution to which was recognised with a plaque at the end of the tour. Season two of Californication starring David Duchovny featured their cover of the classic 'Have Love, Will Travel', most famously covered by 'The Sonics'.

In 2009, The Basics for the first time enjoyed the support of Australian radio network Triple J, which had reportedly snubbed the band's previous material.^[9] The singles 'With This Ship' and 'Like A Brother' were added to the station's playlist, and momentum carried The Basics overseas for a second tour of the United Kingdom and Norway, and also a series of shows in Dublin, Ireland. They were joined by the longtime front-of-house engineer Stuart Padbury, who had been mixing them since 2005. The band was often seen in the Grafton Street Mall in Dublin, busking to promote their concerts there. Their second show in Oslo, Norway, saw the band perform with Hot Tub, one of the members of the Norwegian boy band "Boyzvoice", in his first performance for several years. Season Eight of Scrubs featured the song 'Lookin' Over My Shoulder'.

Despite all this promise, the band's album Keep Your Friends Close - produced and part-recorded by Peter Cobbin at London's Abbey Road Studios - though enjoying many favourable reviews,^{[10][11][12][13]} failed to impress Richard Kingsmill, music director of Triple J. This effectively ended the band's apparent upward spiral and the resulting album launch tour was reportedly "trying".

2010: Hiatus and live album[link]

In 2010, following the band's fourth stint at the Tamworth Country Music Festival, and the recording of a yet-unreleased live album, an indefinite hiatus was announced on the band's websites. This was in part due to the impending release of a new album produced by Wally for his Gotye project, and also to reported tensions within the band following the previous year's disappointments.

However, this hiatus was soon broken with a two-month residency at the Northcote Social Club in Melbourne, which saw an apparent return to form.^[14] The band's EP "Wait For You" enjoys airplay on Triple J.^[15] The Basics also played a one-off show at Sydney's Oxford Art Factory.^[16]

On 20 August 2010, The Basics released their fourth LP /ðəˈbæzɪtʃ/, available free and exclusively from their website for digital download^[17]. The band had reportedly moved to expand their listenership through this free giveaway, though 300 "Deluxe" CD/vinyl versions have been printed. /ðəˈbæzɪtʃ/ was recorded at the Northcote Social Club on 6 February, "in front of a live studio audience", and like the previous record, was mixed by Peter Cobbin at Abbey Road Studios. Technically a self-titled album, the phonetics spell out the accurate pronunciation of the band’s name. Kris Schroeder: "For years we’ve worked at bringing our live energy into the studio and thus far it’s been a bit hit-and-miss. Our trick this time was to pull a switcheroo and bring the studio to us instead; the result is the best and closest to us we’ve sounded yet."

Melbourne thespian and Dog With Wheels bassist David Bramble - friends with Heath from university days - has occasionally joined the band on tour, playing keys, often while sporting a large moustache. Other guests have included Jake Mason (saxophone), also of Cookin' on 3 Burners and The Bamboos^{[disambiguation needed ]}, Gideon Brazil (saxophone, flute), Simon Imrei (guitar and vocals) and Monty MacKenzie (saxophone).

Covers have often made an appearance from various sources: to date, some of the bands covered have been Cream, The Kinks, The Rolling Stones, The Police, Neil Young, Bob Dylan, New Kids on the Block, Richard Berry, Sonny Curtis and The Crickets, JJ Cale, Harry Nilsson, Bill Scott, Ryan Adams and The Coasters (via The Beatles for their cover of Three Cool Cats).

Members[link]

Current

• Wally De Backer - drums, vocals (2002-present)
• Kris Schroeder - bass, vocals (2002-present)
• Tim Heath - guitar, vocals (2004-present)

Former

• Michael Hubbard - guitar, vocals (2002-2004)

Discography[link]

Albums[link]

• Get Back (15 January 2004)
• Stand Out/Fit In (5 May 2007)
• Keep Your Friends Close (25 September 2009)
• /ðəˈbæzɪtʃ/ (20 August 2010)

EP[link]

• For Girls Like You (11 July 2005)
• Lookin' Over My Shoulder (10 February 2007)
• Like A Brother (5 June 2009)
• Wait For You (21 May 2010)

Singles[link]

• Call It Rhythm & Blues (20 August 2004)
• Just Hold On
• With This Ship (22 February 2009)

Upcoming projects[link]

The band is taking a three year hiatus, with an announced return to the stage together in early 2014. Wally De Backer launched Making Mirrors under his Gotye act in August 2011, Tim Heath will be touring and recording with Blood Red Bird, and Kris Schroeder recorded a solo EP titled, Patience in the Face of Control, before leaving Australia to work with the Red Cross in Kenya for a two year sabbatical.

References[link]

External links[link]

• Official Website
• Myspace Website

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (October 2010)

The Primitives
The Primitives performing in Liverpool, May 23, 2012
Background information
Origin	Coventry, England
Genres	Indie pop
Years active	1985–1992; 2009–present
Labels	Elefant Records, Fortuna Pop, Lazy Records, RCA
Members
Paul Court Tracy Tracy Tig Williams Raph Moore
Past members
Steve Dullaghan Peter Tweedie Keiron McDermott Clive Layton Andy Hobson Paul Sampson Neil Champion

The Primitives are a British indie pop band from Coventry, best known for their 1988 international hit single "Crash". Formed in 1985, disbanded in 1991 and reformed in 2009, the band's two constants throughout their recording career have been vocalist Tracy Tracy and guitarist Paul Court. Drummer Tig Williams has been a constant since 1988, and the reformed (2009-present) line-up is completed by bassist Raph Moore.

Early Career & Mainstream Success (1986–1992)[link]

The Primitives were formed in 1985 by PJ Court (born Paul Jonathan Court) (vocals, guitar), Steve Dullaghan (bass). Peter Tweedie (drums) and Keiron McDermott (vocals) over a love of melody, the Sixties, fast Ramones-like guitars and the pop influences of Buzzcocks and Orange Juice. Vocalist McDermott was soon replaced by Tracy Tracy (born Tracy Cattell).

The band were part of the indie music scene of the mid-1980s alongside bands like The Jesus and Mary Chain, Primal Scream, My Bloody Valentine, the Soup Dragons and the Wedding Present. Their major rivals within the 'blonde pop' scene were Transvision Vamp and The Darling Buds. They received valuable publicity when The Smiths singer Morrissey was photographed wearing a Primitives T-shirt.

Tig Williams replaced Pete Tweedie on drums in October '87. After a successful first album, which gave them with their UK Top 5 hit single "Crash" in early 1988 (and made the Top 3 in the U.S. Modern Rock Charts), their career began to fade in the early 1990s. They split in 1992 following the commercial failure of their final album, 1991's Galore.

Reformation (2009–Present)[link]

Steve Dullaghan died in Coventry on 4 February 2009,^[1] following which, after nearly 18 years of dormancy, The Primitives re-formed, with new bassist Raph Moore. Their first live shows were in Coventry and at the Buffalo Bar in London in October 2009. In spring of 2010, The Primitives toured the UK and also performed a single US concert at the Bell House in Brooklyn, New York. The Primitives supported The Wedding Present at Koko in Camden, London on December 13, 2010 as part of that band's Bizarro Album 21st anniversary tour.

The Primitives also went back into the studio with original producer Paul Sampson, recording the EP Never Kill A Secret, featuring two original songs - the title track and "Rattle My Cage" - and two cover versions of lesser-known female-fronted songs - "Need All the Help I Can Get" (written by Lee Hazlewood and originally recorded by Suzi Jane Hokum in 1966) and "Breakaway" (originally recorded by Toni Basil in 1966). The EP was released on 7 March 2011. The album Echoes and Rhymes followed in 2012, featuring 14 further recordings of lesser-known female-fronted songs. The Japanese edition of Echoes and Rhymes featured a further 3 bonus tracks, 2 of which are remix versions of "Need All the Help I Can Get" and "Breakaway". The 3rd bonus track "Can't Stop The Want", also features on the digital EP "Turn Off The Moon".

A further single release is promised for later in the year with a possbile supporting tour.

Members[link]

Current

• Paul Court - guitars, vocals (1985-1991, 2009-present)
• Tracy Tracy (AKA Tracy Cattell) - vocals, tambourine (1986-1991, 2009-present)
• Tig Williams - drums (1988-1991, 2009-present)
• Raph Moore - bass guitars (2009-present)

Former

• Keiron McDermott - vocals (1985-1986)
• Peter Tweedie - drums (1985-1988)
• Steve Dullaghan - bass, guitars (1985-1989; deceased)
• Andy Hobson - bass (1989)
• Paul Sampson - bass (1989-1991)
• Neil Champion - bass (1991)
• Clive Layton - keyboards (1988-1991)

Discography[link]

Albums[link]

• Lovely (1988) #6
• Pure (1989) #36
• Galore (1991)
• Echoes and Rhymes (2012)

Compilations[link]

• Lazy 86-88 (1989) UK #73
• Bombshell - The Hits & More (1994)
• Best of The Primitives (1996)
• Bubbling Up - BBC Sessions (1998)
• Thru the Flowers - The Anthology (2004)
• Buzz Buzz Buzz (2005)
• The Best of The Primitives (2005)
• Buzz Buzz Buzz - Complete Lazy Recordings (2006)

Singles[link]

	The Primitives - "Crash" excerpt noicon An excerpt from "Crash" (1988)
Problems listening to this file? See media help.

References[link]

External links[link]

• Official Website -- Primitives Official website, with history, latest news, music, forum, shop, extensive discography.
• Crashsite -- Primitives fan site, with history, news, music and video clips, etc