Seine
The Seine flowing under Pont Royal in central Paris.
Origin	Burgundy
Mouth	The English Channel (Bay of the Seine at Le Havre) 49°26′5″N 0°7′3″E / 49.43472°N 0.1175°E / 49.43472; 0.1175 (English Channel-Seine)Coordinates: 49°26′5″N 0°7′3″E / 49.43472°N 0.1175°E / 49.43472; 0.1175 (English Channel-Seine)
Basin countries	France, Belgium
Length	776 km (482 mi)
Source elevation	471 m (1,545 ft)
Avg. discharge	500 m3/s (18,000 cu ft/s)
Basin area	78,650 km2 (30,370 sq mi)

The Seine rises near Dijon in eastern central France, and flows through Paris and into the English Channel.

The Seine (French: La Seine, pronounced: [la sɛn]) is a 776 km (482 mi)-long river and an important commercial waterway within the Paris Basin in the north of France. It rises at Source-Seine, 30 kilometres (19 mi) northwest of Dijon in northeastern France in the Langres plateau, flowing through Paris and into the English Channel at Le Havre (and Honfleur on the left bank).^[1] It is navigable by ocean-going vessels as far as Rouen, 120 km (75 mi) from the sea. Over 60% of its length, as far as Burgundy, is negotiable by commercial riverboats and nearly its whole length is available for recreational boating; excursion boats offer sightseeing tours of the Rive Droite and Rive Gauche within the city of Paris.

There are 37 bridges within Paris and dozens more spanning the river outside the city. Examples in Paris include the Pont Louis-Philippe and Pont Neuf, the latter of which dates back to 1607. Outside the city, examples include the Pont de Normandie, one of the longest cable-stayed bridges in the world, which links Le Havre to Honfleur.

Origin of the name[link]

The name "Seine" comes from the Latin Sequana.^[2] Some^[who?] have argued that Sicauna is cognate to the name of Saône River, though an argued relationship to the River Shannon in Ireland is unlikely, given the very different forms of the two; Gaelic an tSiona, dative Sionainn is rather from Prehistoric Irish *Sinona. Another proposal has it that Sequana is the Latin version of Gaulish Issicauna Lower-Icauna, which would be the diminutive of Icauna, which was the Gaulish name of the Yonne River. Some believe the ancient Gauls considered the Seine to be a tributary of the Yonne, which indeed presents a greater average discharge than the Seine (the river flowing through Paris would be called Yonne if the standard rules of geography were applied).

Some identify the river Sikanos, origin (according to Thucydides) of the Sicanoi of Sikelia (Sicily), with the river Sequana (Seine).^{[3][dubious – discuss]}

According to Pierre-Yves Lambert, a specialist of the Gaulish language, Sequana retains QV [kʷ], that is unusual in Gaulish, which is normally a P-Celtic language, but he compares with the month name EQVOS, read on the Coligny Calendar. The name of the Gaulish tribe Sequani derives from it.^[4]

The digram QV of Sequana could recover a whole syllable, that is to say [se-ku-wa-na]^[5], like ucuetis [u-ku-we-tis], but its meaning remains unknown.

Navigation[link]

The Pont de Normandie over the Seine, between Le Havre and Honfleur, on the Normandy coast

The Seine is dredged and oceangoing vessels can dock at Rouen, 120 km (75 mi) from the sea. Commercial riverboats can use the river from Bar-sur-Seine, 560 km (350 mi) to its mouth. At Paris, there are 37 bridges. The river is only 24 metres (80 ft) above sea level 446 km (277 mi) from its mouth, making it slow flowing and thus easily navigable.

The Seine Maritime, 105.7 km (65.7 mi) from the English Channel at Le Havre to Rouen, is the only portion of the Seine used by ocean going craft.^[6] The tidal section of the Seine Maritime is followed by a canalized section with four large multiple locks until the mouth of the Oise River at Conflans-Sainte-Honorine. Multiple locks at Bougival / Chatou and at Suresnes lift the vessels to the level of the river in Paris, where the mouth of the Marne River is located. Upstream from Paris seven locks ensure navigation to Saint Mammès, where the Loing mouth is situated. Through an eighth lock the river Yonne is reached at Montereau-Fault-Yonne. From the mouth of the Yonne, larger ships can continue upstream to Nogent-sur-Seine. From there on, the river is navigable only by small craft. All navigation ends abruptly at Marcilly-sur-Seine, where the ancient Canal de la Haute-Seine used to allow vessels to continue all the way to Troyes. This canal has been abandoned for many years.^[7]

The average depth of the Seine today at Paris is about nine and a half meters. Until locks were installed to raise the level in the 1800s, the river was much shallower within the city most of the time, and consisted of a small channel of continuous flow bordered by sandy banks (depicted in many illustrations of the period). Today the depth is tightly controlled and the entire width of the river between the built-up banks on either side is normally filled with water. The average flow of the river is very low, only a few cubic metres per second, but much higher flows are possible during periods of heavy runoff. Special reservoirs upstream help to maintain a constant level for the river through the city, but during periods of extreme runoff significant increases in river level may occur.

A very severe period of high water in January 1910 produced extensive flooding throughout the city. The Seine again rose to threatening levels in 1924, 1955, 1982 and 1999–2000.^[8] After a first-level flood alert in 2003, about 100,000 works of art were moved out of Paris, the largest relocation of art since World War II. Much of the art in Paris is kept in underground storage rooms that would be flooded.^[9] A 2002 report by the French government stated the worst-case Seine flood scenario would cost 10 billion euros and cut telephone service for a million Parisians, leaving 200,000 without electricity and 100,000 without gas.^[10]

Watershed[link]

The basin area is 78,910 square kilometres,^[11] 2% of which is forest and 78% cultivated land. In addition to Paris, three other cities with a population over 100,000 are in the Seine watershed—Le Havre, Rouen, and Rheims—with an annual urban growth rate of 0.2%.^[11] The population density is 201 per square kilometre.

Water quality[link]

Periodically the sewerage systems of Paris experience a failure known as sanitary sewer overflow, often in periods of high rainfall. Under these conditions untreated sewage has been discharged into the Seine.^[12] The resulting oxygen deficit is principally caused by allochthonous bacteria larger than one micrometre in size. The specific activity of these sewage bacteria is typically three to four times greater than that of the autochthonous (background) bacterial population. The pH level of the Seine at Pont Neuf has been measured to be 8.46. Despite this, the water quality has still improved, with several historians having called it at various times in the past as an "open sewer".^[13]

In 2009, it was announced that Atlantic salmon had returned to the Seine.^[14]

History[link]

The Seine and Eiffel Tower

The Seine near the Invalides bridge

The Seine near the Pont Neuf.

Statue of Seine (Louis Petitot) on Pont du Carrousel

The Seine near La Défense.

After the burning at the stake of Joan of Arc in 1431, her ashes were thrown into the Seine from the medieval stone Mathilde Bridge, though unserious counter-claims persist.^[15]

According to his will, Napoleon, who died in 1821, wished to be buried on the banks of the Seine. His request was not granted.

At the 1900 Summer Olympics, it hosted the rowing, swimming, and water polo events.^[16] Twenty-four years later, the river hosted the rowing events again at Bassin d'Argenteuil, along the Seine north of Paris.^[17]

In January 1910, the Seine flooded 20 feet (6.1 m) above normal, drowning streets throughout the city of Paris and sending thousands of Parisians fleeing to emergency shelters. The 1910 Great Flood of Paris was the worst the city had seen since 1658 when the water reached only a few centimetres higher.^[18]

Until the 1930s, a towing system using a chain on the bed of the river existed to facilitate movement of barges upriver.^{[citation needed]}

The Seine River was one of the original objectives of Operation Overlord in 1944. The Allies' intention was to reach the Seine by 90 days after D-Day. That objective was met. An anticipated assault crossing of the river never materialized as German resistance in France crumbled by early September 1944. However, the First Canadian Army did encounter resistance immediately west of the Seine and fighting occurred in the Forêt de la Londe as Allied troops attempted to cut off the escape across the river of parts of the German 7th Army in the closing phases of the Battle of Normandy.

Some of the victims of the Paris massacre of 1961 drowned in the Seine after being thrown off from the Pont Saint-Michel and other locations in Paris.

Dredging in the 1960s mostly eliminated tidal bores on the river, known as “le mascaret.”

In 1991 UNESCO added the banks of the Seine in Paris—the Rive Gauche and Rive Droite—to its list of World Heritage Sites in Europe.^[19]

Since 2002 Paris-Plages has been held every summer on the Paris banks of the Seine: a transformation of the paved banks into a beach with sand and facilities for sunbathing and entertainment.

The river was a popular site for suicides and the disposal of bodies of murder victims.^[20] In 2007, 55 bodies were retrieved from its waters; in February 2008, the body of supermodel-turned-activist Katoucha Niane was found there.^[20] In the late 1700s and early 1800s over the space of six years 306 bodies were retrieved, the highest number in one day being 16. They were kept in the morgue for many years, and some were never identified.

In art [link]

Carl Fredrik Hill, Seine-Landschaft bei Bois-Le-Roi (Seine Landscape in Bois-Le-Roi) (1877)

George Seurat's Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte (1884–1886) is set on an island in the Seine.

During the 19th and the 20th centuries in particular the Seine inspired many artists, including:

• Frédéric Bazille
• Maurice Boitel
• Richard Parkes Bonington
• Eugène Boudin
• Camille Corot
• Charles-François Daubigny
• Raoul Dufy
• Othon Friesz
• Carl Fredrik Hill
• Eugène Isabey
• Johan Barthold Jongkind
• Raimond Lecourt
• Albert Marquet
• Henri Matisse
• Claude Monet
• Luis F. Pinzón
• Camille Pissarro
• Emilio Grau Sala
• Gaston Sébire
• Georges-Pierre Seurat
• Constant Troyon
• J. M. W. Turner
• Félix Vallotton
• Édouard Vuillard

See also[link]

• River Seine guide Places, ports and moorings on the river from le Havre and Honfleur to Paris.
• Seine (département), abolished in 1968
• Website on the Great Flood of 1910
• Seine River Steamers

References[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Seine

v t e Olympic venues in rowing 1900: Seine 1904: Creve Coeur Lake 1908: Henley Royal Regatta 1912: Djurgårdsbrunnsviken 1920: Brussels–Scheldt Maritime Canal 1924: Bassin d'Argentuil 1928: Sloten 1932: Long Beach Marine Stadium 1936: Grünau Regatta Course 1948: Henley Royal Regatta 1952: Meilahti 1956: Lake Wendouree 1960: Lake Albano 1964: Toda Rowing Course 1968: Virgilio Uribe Rowing and Canoeing Course 1972: Oberschleißheim Regatta Course 1976: Île Notre-Dame 1980: Krylatskoye Sports Complex Canoeing and Rowing Basin 1984: Lake Casitas 1988: Han River Regatta Course/Canoeing Site 1992: Lake of Banyoles 1996: Lake Lanier 2000: Sydney International Regatta Centre 2004: Schinias Olympic Rowing and Canoeing Centre 2008: Shunyi Olympic Rowing-Canoeing Park 2012: Dorney Lake 2016: Lagoa Rodrigo de Freitas

v t e Olympic venues in swimming 1896: Bay of Zea 1900: Seine 1904: Forest Park 1908: White City Stadium 1912: Djurgårdsbrunnsviken 1920: Stade Nautique d'Antwerp 1924: Piscine des Tourelles 1928: Olympic Sports Park Swim Stadium 1932: Swimming Stadium 1936: Olympic Swimming Stadium 1948: Empire Pool 1952: Swimming Stadium 1956: Swimming/Diving Stadium 1960: Stadio Olimpico del Nuoto 1964: National Gymnasium 1968: Francisco Márquez Olympic Pool 1972: Schwimmhalle 1976: Olympic Pool 1980: Swimming Pool - Olimpisky 1984: Olympic Swim Stadium 1988: Jamsil Indoor Swimming Pool 1992: Piscines Bernat Picornell 1996: Georgia Tech Aquatic Center 2000: Sydney International Aquatic Centre 2004: Athens Olympic Aquatic Centre 2008: Beijing National Aquatic Center, Shunyi Olympic Rowing-Canoeing Park 2012: Aquatics Centre, Hyde Park 2016: Fort Copacabana, Olympic Aquatics Stadium

v t e Olympic venues in water polo 1900: Seine 1904: Forest Park 1908: White City Stadium 1912: Djurgårdsbrunnsviken 1920: Stade Nautique d'Antwerp 1924: Piscine des Tourelles 1928: Olympic Sports Park Swim Stadium 1932: Swimming Stadium 1936: Olympic Swimming Stadium 1948: Empire Pool (final), Finchley Lido 1952: Swimming Stadium 1956: Swimming/Diving Stadium 1960: Piscina delle Rose, Stadio Olimpico del Nuoto (final) 1964: Tokyo Metropolitan Indoor Swimming Pool 1968: Francisco Márquez Olympic Pool (final), University City Swimming Pool 1972: Dantebad, Schwimmhalle (final) 1976: Complexe sportif Claude-Robillard, Olympic Pool (final) 1980: Swimming Pool - Moscow, Swimming Pool - Olimpiysky (final) 1984: Raleigh Runnels Memorial Pool 1988: Jamsil Indoor Swimming Pool 1992: Piscina Municipal de Montjuïc, Piscines Bernat Picornell (final) 1996: Georgia Tech Aquatic Center 2000: Ryde Aquatic Leisure Centre (women's final), Sydney International Aquatic Centre (men's final) 2004: Athens Olympic Aquatic Centre 2008: Ying Tung Natatorium 2012: Water Polo Arena 2016: Maria Lenk Aquatic Center

This article may contain original research. Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding references. Statements consisting only of original research may be removed. More details may be available on the talk page. (October 2008)

Jean-Marie Périer (born February 1, 1940) is a French photographer and film director.

On 22 June 1963, the magazine Salut les copains organised a concert on Place de la Nation in Paris, with singers such as Johnny Hallyday, Richard Anthony, Eddy Mitchell and Frank Alamo. It attracted over 150,000 young people and raised their spirits, with the following day's issue of the journal Paris-Presse having the headline "Salut les voyous !". The photographer and friend of many singers who photographed the concert was Jean-Marie Périer.

Filmography[link]

• 1970 : Tumuc Humac, a film taking place in the Tumuk Humak Mountains with François Périer and André Pousse
• 1973 : Antoine et Sébastien with Jacques Dutronc and Keith Carradine as John
• 1973 : Témoignages (TV series) (episode : Un monstre) with François Périer
• 1980 : Téléphone public (screened out of competition at the 1980 Cannes Film Festival)^[1]

References[link]

External links[link]

• http://www.jean-marie-perier.net/ Official website

Music career[link]

Matt Corby began his music career at age 16 on the reality TV talent show series Australian Idol in 2007, which ultimately saw him place as the season's runner-up to Natalie Gauci. In 2009, he independently released his debut EP Song For... before relocating to London and signing with renowned UK indie label Communion after capturing the attention of the label's owner, Ben Lovett of Mumford & Sons fame. Corby has previously been compared to legendary artists such as Nick Drake and Jeff Buckley. After recording with Ian Grimble (The Libertines, Seasick Steve) and releasing his third EP, Transition to Colour in late 2010, Matt busied himself playing numerous live shows. Matt spent the earlier part of 2011 playing sold out shows in London and showcasing at South by Southwest (SXSW) in Austin, Texas in February before coming back to Australia to play a string of intimate 'Secret Garden' shows in fans' backyards throughout Australia. He soon after joined legendary UK band Elbow as the main support on their sold out national tour of Splendour sideshows in July.

Made of Stone was featured on an episode of Underbelly: Razor in 2011 and Brothers and Sisters. Lighthome was also used in an episode of Home and Away in 2011, as well as Song For... in 2012. He has since recorded a cover version of iconic Australian band INXS's "By My Side" for their Original Sin album (bonus track on the iTunes edition) and featured on a track on Julia Stone's debut album The Memory Machine and on UK singer-songwriter Passengers' title track "Golden Thread". After spending a few months writing, Matt spent most of September 2011 recording his latest EP, Into the Flame, with producer Tim Carr (Ernest Ellis). The EP "Into the Flame" showcases a new direction for Corby, including soul-influenced growling vocals along with a bluesy melody, coupled with Corby's signature folk style. The song has been called "lyrically raw and endearingly honest". The EP also features a duet with keyboardist Bree Tranter, previously of Australian band The Middle East. The EP is his first entry on the ARIA Charts when it reached number 46 on the ARIA Top 50 Singles Chart on 4 December 2011. It has since peaked at #3.^[1] On its release date, Corby posted on his website and Facebook page:

"After 12 months of lots of ups and downs, I'm so excited to share this EP with you. I honestly felt like giving up music back in April but all of you inspired me again. It's been an incredible few months re-connecting with all of you in gardens around Australia. Thank you from the bottom of my heart for all your support. It's been said by others before… but you guys really are the best fans ever. Let's stay close on this journey."

"Into The Flame" has since reached 3x platinum status in Australia, making it Corby's most successful release to date.^[2] Matt is to support the release of his EP and single 'Brother' with a national 'Into the Flame' tour around Australia, many of which have already sold out, along with a mini 'Secret Garden' Summer Tour around NSW. In January 2012, Matt was named the 'Next Big Thing' and won 'Song of the Year' for Brother at FBi Radio's annual SMAC Awards in Darlinghurst, Sydney. He soon after premiered his own take of The Black Keys' song "Lonely Boy" on Triple J's Like a Version show with Tom & Alex, along with an acoustic rendition of his own song Brother. Both have since received significant attention online. Corby secured a support slot with Feist in Adelaide on her 2012 Australian tour. He is to tour throughout the U.S. and U.K. in the early part of 2012. He will also be writing and recording his debut album, which is due to be released later in the year. Corby's song "Brother" was voted into the #3 position for the Triple J Hottest 100, 2011.

Discography[link]

Extended plays[link]

Singles[link]

Music videos[link]

Awards and nominations[link]

External links[link]

• Official Website: http://www.mattcorby.com.au
• Official MySpace: http://www.myspace.com/mattcorbyau
• Official Facebook Page: http://www.facebook.com/mattcorbyau
• Official YouTube Channel: http://www.youtube.com/mattcorbyau
• Official Twitter Page: http://www.twitter.com/matt_corby
• Official Fansite: http://www.mattcorby.org/
• Label Website: http://www.communionmusic.co.uk/

References[link]

David Lanz
Born	(1950-06-28) June 28, 1950 (age 61) Seattle, Washington, U.S.
Genres	New Age
Instruments	Piano
Years active	1964–present
Labels	Narada (1982–)
Website	DavidLanz.com

David Lanz (born June 28, 1950 in Seattle, Washington) is a Grammy-nominated New Age pianist. His most popular album, Cristofori's Dream, topped the New Age charts in 1988, which was No. 1 on Billboard's first adult alternative/New Age chart for 27 weeks and eventually sold platinum. Natural States peaked at No. 125 on the Billboard 200.^[1]

Early years[link]

Lanz attributes his interest in the piano to experiences during his childhood in the Pacific Northwest. He said, "As children, the piano is one of the first 'machines' we come in contact with, and one of the first we are allowed to explore."

One of the other reasons that he enjoyed the piano was his mother.^[2] His mother played songs by Ray Charles, Frank Sinatra, and Nat King Cole on the piano, and became David's first musical mentor.

Lanz started his performing career as a teenager during the 1960s. In 1971, Lanz recorded one album for Mercury Records with Canadian group- Brahman. He played keyboards on the Terry Jacks' hit, "Seasons in the Sun". In the late 1970s, Lanz was musical director of the Seattle band, The Sweep, with Ken McCann as front man singer, Peter Pendras on lead guitar, Glenn Ayers on drums, and Hugh Gerrard on bass. Saxophonist Robbie Jordan was added to the group after a gig in Boise, Idaho. A childhood friend of Lanz', Jeff Simmons, at one time or another played with or filled in for Sweep personnel since Simmons is a multi-instrumentalist.

Later, Lanz shifted to playing solo acts in local clubs. At a nightclub in Seattle, Lanz began to perform his own compositions. "It was the world's first new age piano bar," said Lanz. It was during this time that he began his transition from rock to other more reserved music genres, such as jazz and blues.

Recording career[link]

The 1980s saw the birth of a new type of musical talent in Lanz. During this time, with the help of a friend, he began composing what would now be considered New Age music. From the 1980s onward, he has released a steady stream of albums, including his ground-breaking album Heartsounds, his first solo album, which boosted the popularity of his record label, Narada.^{[citation needed]}

Style[link]

Lanz's goal is to have his music create an atmosphere of enlightenment. In an interview with Barnes & Noble, Lanz stated that he wanted to create an atmosphere similar to that of Steven Halpern's music, but with a "more popular hook in it".^[3]

Lanz has said, "[The piano] is the most divinely inspired instrument on the planet. It presents a great attraction to our left-right brain relationship. My goal is to create entertainment that also provides enlightenment."

In the front of his Musicbook, The David Lanz Collection, he writes: "At the piano, I'm able to communicate in a way that is very intimate and direct. My approach at music is a bit like talking to a friend. You don't have to be very complicated when you speak. If you say what's in your heart, it's usually very simple."

Lanz's style spans the popular songbook as well. His recent release, "Liverpool", made with Xiao flute master Gary Stroutsos pays homage to the music of The Beatles.

Discography[link]

(For track listings, see: http://www.davidlanz.com/cdsonglist.html)

• 1983 — Heartsounds
• 1984 — Nightfall
• 1985 — Natural States with Paul Speer
• 1985 — Solstice with Michael Jones
• 1987 — Woodlands with Eric Tingstand & Nancy Rumbel
• 1987 — Desert Vision with Paul Speer
• 1988 — Cristofori's Dream
• 1990 — Skyline Firedance (The Orchestral Works/The Solo Works 2 CD set)
• 1991 — Return to the Heart
• 1993 — Bridge of Dreams with Paul Speer
• 1994 — Christmas Eve
• 1995 — Beloved (Collection with unreleased piano solo)
• 1996 — Sacred Road
• 1996 — Convergence with David Arkenstone (Collection of Lanz, Arkenstone)
• 1998 — Songs from an English Garden
• 1999 — An Evening with David Lanz (Live Concert recording)
• 1999 — Cristofori's Dream (remastered with additional track)
• 1999 — The Christmas Album (Collection with several unreleased tracks)
• 2000 — East of the Moon (Grammy Nomination - Best New Age Recording)
• 2000 — Angel in My Stocking - Limited Edition
• 2001 — Love Songs (Collection/additional unreleased track)
• 2002 — Finding Paradise
• 2002 — Romantic: The Ultimate David Lanz Collection (2 CD set)
• 2003 — A Cup of Moonlight (Limited Website Edition)
• 2003 — The Symphonic Sessions (Collection with several unreleased tracks)
• 2003 — Heartsounds/Nightfall (Re-released/re-mastered 2 CD set)
• 2004 — The Good Life
• 2005 — Spirit Romance with Gary Stroutsos
• 2005 — The Best of David Lanz
• 2006 — Sacred Road Revisited
• 2007 — A Cup of Moonlight (Revised Official Release/additional tracks)
• 2008 — Living Temples with Gary Stroutsos
• 2008 — Painting the Sun
• 2009 — Liverpool:Re-imagining the Beatles featuring Larry Knechtel and Gary Stroutsos
• 2010 — Liverpool Trio: Live in Seoul (Live Concert recording)
• 2011 — Here Comes the Sun featuring Gary Stroutsos, Walter Gray and Keith Lowe
• 2011 — Here Comes the Sun SOLO Piano Version

Compilation appearances[link]

• 20 Years of Narada Piano
• Grand Piano (Narada Anniversary Collection)
• Narada Smooth Jazz
• Narada Film and Television Music Sampler

Sources[link]

David Lanz, "Solos for New Age Piano" copyright 1991 NARADA Music Inc. pp. 2–3

1. ↑ Biography of David Lanz
2. ↑ David Lanz Biography
3. ↑ Barnes & Noble.com Music - New Age Interview

External links[link]

• Official website