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Alabama
Alabama () is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States of America. It is bordered by Tennessee to the north, Georgia to the east, Florida and the Gulf of Mexico to the south, and Mississippi to the west. Alabama ranks 30th in total land area and ranks second in the size of its inland waterways. The state ranks 23rd in population with almost 4.6 million residents in 2006.
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Australia
{{Infobox country
http://wn.com/Australia -
Austria
Austria or (), officially the Republic of Austria (German: ), is a landlocked country of roughly 8.3 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by Germany and the Czech Republic to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west. The territory of Austria covers and has a temperate and alpine climate. Austria's terrain is highly mountainous due to the presence of the Alps; only 32% of the country is below , and its highest point is . The majority of the population speaks German, which is also the country's official language. Other local official languages are Croatian, Hungarian and Slovene.
http://wn.com/Austria -
Baltimore
Baltimore () is the largest independent city in the United States and the largest city and cultural center of the U.S. state of Maryland. The city is located in central Maryland along the tidal portion of the Patapsco River, an arm of the Chesapeake Bay. Baltimore is sometimes referred to as Baltimore City in order to distinguish it from surrounding Baltimore County. Founded in 1729, Baltimore is a major U.S. seaport and is situated closer to major Midwestern markets than any other major seaport on the East Coast. Baltimore's Inner Harbor was once the second leading port of entry for immigrants to the United States and a major manufacturing center. The harbor is now home to Harborplace, a shopping, entertainment, and tourist center, and the National Aquarium in Baltimore. After a decline in manufacturing, Baltimore shifted to a service-oriented economy. Johns Hopkins University and Johns Hopkins Hospital are now the city's largest employers.
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Basildon
Basildon () is a town located in the Basildon District of the county of Essex, England.
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Bishop's Stortford
'''Bishop's Stortford''' is a market town and civil parish in the district of East Hertfordshire and county of Hertfordshire in England. It is situated just west of the M11 motorway, on the county boundary with Essex, and is the closest large town to London Stansted Airport, and part of the London commuter belt. Bishop's Stortford is north east of Charing Cross in the centre of London and Liverpool Street station where the train-line from Cambridge to London, which runs through the town, terminates. In the 2006 edition of the Channel 4 "Best and Worst Places to Live in the UK", East Hertfordshire was the seventh best district to live in. The town has a population of 34,826.
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Boston
Boston (pronounced ) is the capital and largest city in Massachusetts, and is one of the oldest cities in the United States. The largest city in New England, Boston is regarded as the unofficial "Capital of New England" for its economic and cultural impact on the entire New England region. Boston city proper had a 2009 estimated population of 645,169, making it the twentieth largest in the country. Boston is also the anchor of a substantially larger metropolitan area called Greater Boston, home to 4.5 million people and the tenth-largest metropolitan area in the country. Greater Boston as a commuting region includes six Massachusetts counties, Essex, Middlesex, Norfolk, Suffolk, Plymouth, and Worcester, all of Rhode Island and parts of New Hampshire; it is home to 7.5 million people, making it the fifth-largest Combined Statistical Area in the United States.
http://wn.com/Boston -
Bulgaria
Bulgaria ( , Balgariya, ), officially the Republic of Bulgaria (, Republika Balgariya, ), is a country in Southern Europe. Bulgaria borders five other countries: Romania to the north (mostly along the Danube), Serbia and the Republic of Macedonia to the west, and Greece and Turkey to the south. The Black Sea defines the extent of the country to the east.
http://wn.com/Bulgaria -
California
California (pronounced ) is the most populous state in the United States and the third-largest by land area, after Alaska and Texas. California is also the most populous sub-national entity in North America. It's on the U.S. West Coast, bordered by the Pacific Ocean to the west and by the states of Oregon to the north, Nevada to the east, Arizona to the southeast, Baja California, Mexico, to the south. Its 5 largest cities are Los Angeles, San Diego, San Jose, San Francisco, and Long Beach, with Los Angeles, San Diego, and San Jose each having at least 1 million residents. Like many populous states, California's capital, Sacramento is smaller than the state's largest city, Los Angeles. The state is home to the nation's 2nd- and 6th-largest census statistical areas and 8 of the nation's 50 most populous cities. California has a varied climate and geography and a multi-cultural population.
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Camden Town
{{infobox UK place|
http://wn.com/Camden_Town -
Canada
Canada () is a country in North America, extending from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west and northward into the Arctic Ocean. It is the world's second largest country by total area. Canada's common border with the United States to the south and northwest is the longest in the world.
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Cary, North Carolina
Cary () is a town in Wake and Chatham counties in the U.S. state of North Carolina. Located almost entirely in Wake County, it is the second largest municipality in that county and the third largest municipality in The Triangle after Raleigh and Durham. The town's population was 94,536 at the 2000 census, but the Census Bureau estimates that its population had grown to 136,637 by 2009, making it the largest town and seventh largest municipality statewide. According to the US Census Bureau, Cary was the 5th fastest growing municipality in the United States between September 1, 2006, and September 1, 2007.
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Chile
http://wn.com/Chile -
City of London
http://wn.com/City_of_London -
City of Westminster
The City of Westminster () is a London borough occupying much of the central area of London, England, including most of the West End. It is located to the west of and adjoining the ancient City of London, directly to the east of the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea , and its southern boundary is the River Thames. It is an Inner London borough and was created in 1965 when Greater London was established. At its creation Westminster was awarded city status, which had been previously held by the smaller Metropolitan Borough of Westminster. Aside from a number of large parks and open spaces, the density of the district is high. Many sites thought of as being in London are actually in Westminster, including Buckingham Palace, the Houses of Parliament, and 10 Downing Street. The city is divided into a number of localities including the ancient political district of Westminster around the Palace of Westminster; the shopping areas around Oxford Street, Regent Street, Piccadilly and Bond Street; and the night time entertainment district of Soho. Much of the city is residential, and in 2008 it was estimated to have a population of 236,000. The local authority is Westminster City Council.
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Connecticut
Connecticut () (state code CT) is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It is bordered by Rhode Island to the east, Massachusetts to the north, and New York to the west and south (because various islands of New York span Connecticut's entire coast).
http://wn.com/Connecticut -
Denmark
http://wn.com/Denmark -
Dumfries, Virginia
Dumfries is a town in Prince William County, Virginia, United States. The population was 4,937 at the 2000 census.
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Edinburgh
http://wn.com/Edinburgh -
Ely, Cambridgeshire
Ely ( ) is a cathedral city in Cambridgeshire, England. It is 14 miles (23 km) north-northeast of Cambridge.
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England
England () is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Scotland to the north and Wales to the west; the Irish Sea is to the north west, the Celtic Sea to the south west and the North Sea to the east, with the English Channel to the south separating it from continental Europe. Most of England comprises the central and southern part of the island of Great Britain in the North Atlantic. The country also includes over 100 smaller islands such as the Isles of Scilly and the Isle of Wight.
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France
{{Infobox Country
http://wn.com/France -
Germany
Germany (), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (, ), is a country in Western Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands. The territory of Germany covers 357.021 km2 and is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. With 81.8 million inhabitants, it is the most populous member state of the European Union, and home to the third-largest number of international migrants worldwide.
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Gothenburg
Gothenburg (; pronounced ) is the second-largest city in Sweden (after Stockholm) and the fifth-largest in the Nordic countries. Situated on the southwest coast of Sweden, the city proper has a population of 509,847, with 510,491 in the urban area and total of 922,938 inhabitants in the metropolitan area.
http://wn.com/Gothenburg -
Greater London
Greater London is the top-level administrative subdivision covering London, England, United Kingdom. The administrative area was officially created in 1965 and covers the City of London, including Middle Temple and Inner Temple, and the 32 London boroughs (including the City of Westminster). Its area also forms the London region of England and the London European Parliament constituency. The region has by far the highest GDP per capita in the United Kingdom. It covers 1572 km2 (607 square miles) and had a 2006 mid-year estimated population of 7,512,400. The term Greater London was in use before 1965 to refer to a variously defined area, larger than the County of London and often similar to the Metropolitan Police District.
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Győr
http://wn.com/Győr -
Hampton Court
http://wn.com/Hampton_Court -
Hawaii
: For geographic details see Geography and environment or Hawaiian Islands.
http://wn.com/Hawaii -
Haymarket, Virginia
Haymarket is a town in Prince William County, Virginia, United States. The population was 879 at the 2000 census. Haymarket is home to the Haymarket Senators of the Valley Baseball League. Notable residents include Andray Blatche.
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Hong Kong
Hong Kong () is one of two special administrative regions (SARs) of the People's Republic of China (PRC), the other being Macau. Situated on China's south coast and enclosed by the Pearl River Delta and South China Sea, it is renowned for its expansive skyline and deep natural harbour. With a land mass of and a population of seven million people, Hong Kong is one of the most densely populated areas in the world. Hong Kong's population is 95 percent ethnic Chinese and 5 percent from other groups. Hong Kong's Han Chinese majority originate mainly from the cities of Guangzhou and Taishan in the neighbouring Guangdong province.
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Honolulu
Honolulu () is the capital of and the most populous census-designated place (CDP) in the U.S. state of Hawaii. Although Honolulu refers to the urban area on the southeastern shore of the island of Oahu, the city and the county are consolidated, known as the City and County of Honolulu, and the city and county is designated as the entire island. The City and County of Honolulu is the only incorporated city in Hawaii, as all other local government entities are administered at the county level. The population of the CDP was 371,657 at the 2000 census, while the population of the City and County was 909,863, making it the 57th-largest metropolitan area in the United States. Honolulu is also the most populous state capital relative to state population. In the Hawaiian language, Honolulu means "sheltered bay" or "place of shelter".
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Hungary
http://wn.com/Hungary -
Illinois
Illinois ( {{respell|-i-), is the fifth-most populous state of the United States of America, and is often noted for being a microcosm of the entire country. It is the most populous state in the Midwest region, however with 65% of its residents concentrated in the Chicago metropolitan area, most of the state has either a rural or a small town character. With Chicago in the northeast, small industrial cities and great agricultural productivity in central and western Illinois, and natural resources like coal, timber, and petroleum in the south, Illinois has a broad economic base. Illinois is an important transportation hub; the Port of Chicago connects the Great Lakes to the Mississippi River via the Illinois River. As the "most average state", Illinois has long had a reputation as a bellwether both in social and cultural terms and politics, though the latter has not really been true since the early 1970s.
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India
India (), officially the Republic of India ( ; see also official names of India), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.18 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world. Mainland India is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the west, and the Bay of Bengal on the east; and it is bordered by Pakistan to the west; Bhutan, the People's Republic of China and Nepal to the north; and Bangladesh and Burma to the east. In the Indian Ocean, mainland India and the Lakshadweep Islands are in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives, while India's Andaman and Nicobar Islands share maritime border with Thailand and the Indonesian island of Sumatra in the Andaman Sea. India has a coastline of .
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Insular area
An insular area is a United States territory, that is neither a part of one of the fifty U.S. states nor the District of Columbia, the federal district of the United States. They are called "insular" from the Latin word insula ("island") and because they were once administered by the War Department's Bureau of Insular Affairs, now the Office of Insular Affairs at the Interior Department. The term insular possession is also sometimes used, but has fallen out of favor.
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Iran
Iran ( ), officially the Islamic Republic of Iran is a country in Central Eurasia and Western Asia. The name Iran has been in use natively since the Sassanian era and came into use internationally in 1935, before which the country was also known to the western world as Persia. Both Persia and Iran are used interchangeably in cultural contexts; however, Iran is the name used officially in political contexts.
http://wn.com/Iran -
Isfahan
http://wn.com/Isfahan -
Las Vegas Strip
The Las Vegas Strip is an approximately stretch of Las Vegas Boulevard South in Clark County, Nevada. The Strip lies in the unincorporated areas of Paradise and Winchester. Most of "the Strip" has been designated an All-American Road.
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Latvia
Latvia (; ), officially the Republic of Latvia () is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by Estonia (343 km), to the south by Lithuania (588 km), to the east by the Russian Federation (276 km), and to the southeast by Belarus (141 km). Across the Baltic Sea to the west lies Sweden. The territory of Latvia covers and it has a temperate seasonal climate.
http://wn.com/Latvia -
Lithuania
Lithuania (, U.S. usually ; ), officially the Republic of Lithuania () is a country in Northern Europe, the southernmost of the three Baltic states. Situated along the southeastern shore of the Baltic Sea, it shares borders with Latvia to the north, Belarus to the southeast, Poland, and the Russian exclave of Kaliningrad to the southwest.
http://wn.com/Lithuania -
Lower Saxony
Lower Saxony ( ) lies in north-western Germany and is second in area and fourth in population among the sixteen states of Germany. In rural areas Northern Low Saxon, a dialect of Low German, is still spoken, but the number of speakers is declining.
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Malmö
http://wn.com/Malmö -
Mashhad
http://wn.com/Mashhad -
Massachusetts
The Commonwealth of Massachusetts () is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States. It is bordered by Rhode Island and Connecticut to the south, New York to the west, and Vermont and New Hampshire to the north; at its east lies the Atlantic Ocean. Most of its population of 6.6 million lives in the Boston metropolitan area. The eastern half of the state consists of urban, suburban, and rural areas, while Western Massachusetts is mostly rural. Massachusetts is the most populous of the six New England states and ranks third among U.S. states in GDP per capita.
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Meuse
Meuse () is a department in northeast France, named after the River Meuse.
http://wn.com/Meuse -
Milton Keynes
Milton Keynes (, ), often abbreviated MK, is a large town in Buckinghamshire, in the south east of England, about north-west of London. It is also the administrative centre of the Borough of Milton Keynes. It was formally designated as a new town on 23 January 1967, with the design brief to become a 'city' in scale.
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Moscow
Moscow ( or ; ; see also ) is the capital, the most populous city, and the most populous federal subject of Russia. The city is a major political, economic, cultural, religious, financial, educational, and transportation centre of Russia and the world, a global city. Moscow is the most populous city on the continent of Europe and the seventh largest city proper in the world, a megacity. The population of Moscow (as of 1 January 2010) is 10,563,038.
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Netherlands
{{Infobox country
http://wn.com/Netherlands -
Nevada
Nevada is a state located in the western and southwestern region of the United States. Nevada is also part of the Mountain States. The capital is Carson City and the largest city is Las Vegas. The state's nickname is Silver State, due to the large number of silver deposits that were discovered and mined there. "Sagebrush State" and "Battle Born State" are its alternative nicknames. In 1864, Nevada became the 36th state to enter the union, and the phrase "Battle Born" on the state flag reflects the state's entry on the Union side during the American Civil War. Its first nonnative settlement was called Mormon Station.
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New Hampshire
New Hampshire () is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America. The state was named after the southern English county of Hampshire. It borders Massachusetts to the south, Vermont to the west, Maine and the Atlantic Ocean to the east, and the Canadian province of Quebec to the north. New Hampshire ranks 44th in land area, 46th in total area of the 50 states, and 41st in population.
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New Town, Edinburgh
The New Town is a central area of Edinburgh, the capital of Scotland. It is often considered to be a masterpiece of city planning, and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Although still referred to as the New Town, it was built in stages between 1765 and around 1850, and retains much of the original neo-classical period architecture.
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New Zealand
{{Infobox Country
http://wn.com/New_Zealand -
North Carolina
North Carolina () is a state located on the Atlantic Seaboard in the Southern United States. The state borders South Carolina and Georgia to the south, Tennessee to the west and Virginia to the north. North Carolina contains 100 counties. Its capital is Raleigh, and its largest city is Charlotte. North Carolina is now ranked as one of the top 3 leading States for Green Technology, Bio-Chemical Engineering, Medical Sciences, and Computer Engineering through the long-range research and development programs of Research Triangle Park (RTP), UNC Chapel Hill, and North Carolina State .
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Northampton
Northampton () is a large market town and local government district in the East Midlands region of England. It is about north-west of London and around south-east of Birmingham, and lies on the River Nene. It is the county town of Northamptonshire.
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Northern Territory
The Northern Territory is a federal territory of Australia, occupying much of the centre of the mainland continent, as well as the central northern regions. It shares borders with Western Australia to the west (129th meridian east), South Australia to the south (26th parallel south), and Queensland to the east (138th meridian east).
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Occoquan, Virginia
Occoquan is a town in Prince William County in the U.S. state of Virginia. The population was 759 at the 2000 census. The town is a suburb of Washington, D.C. and is adjacent to Woodbridge. The current mayor is Earnest "Earnie" Porta, who was first elected in 2006, and won re-election in 2008.
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Oxfordshire
Oxfordshire ( or ; archaically the County of Oxford; abbreviated Oxon from the Latinised form of "Oxford", Oxonia) is a county in the Midlands region of England, bordering on Warwickshire, Northamptonshire (to the north/northeast), Buckinghamshire (to the east), Berkshire (to the south), Wiltshire and Swindon (to the southwest), Gloucestershire (to the west) and Warwickshire (to the north).
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Paradise, Nevada
Paradise is a census-designated place (CDP) in Clark County, Nevada, United States. It is one of a number of CDPs in the unincorporated urbanized area directly south of Las Vegas. The population was 186,070 at the 2000 census, and estimated at 196,821 in 2008. As an unincorporated part of Clark County, it is governed by the Clark County Commission.
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Pennsylvania
The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania () is a U.S. state and Commonwealth located in the Northeastern and Middle Atlantic regions of the United States. The state borders Delaware and Maryland to the south, West Virginia to the southwest, Ohio to the west, New York and Ontario, Canada, to the north, and New Jersey to the east. The state's four most populous cities are Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Allentown and Erie. The state capital is Harrisburg.
http://wn.com/Pennsylvania -
Poland
Poland (), officially the Republic of Poland (Rzeczpospolita Polska), is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north. The total area of Poland is , making it the 69th largest country in the world and the 9th largest in Europe. Poland has a population of over 38 million people, which makes it the 34th most populous country in the world and the sixth most populous member of the European Union, being its most populous Slavic member.
http://wn.com/Poland -
Quantico, Virginia
Quantico, Virginia, is a military installation in Prince William County (main gate, hospital) as well as Stafford County (firing and other drill ranges) located in Washington Metropolitan Area. It is totally surrounded by Marine Corps Base Quantico on three sides and the Potomac River on the fourth. Quantico is located south of the mouth of Quantico Creek on the Potomac. As of the 2000 census, Quantico had a population of 561.
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Quebec
Quebec or ( ) is a province in east-central Canada. It is the only Canadian province with a predominantly French-speaking population and the only one whose sole official language is French at the provincial level.
http://wn.com/Quebec -
Queensland
Queensland is a state of Australia that occupies the north-eastern section of the mainland continent. It is bordered by the Northern Territory to the west, South Australia to the south-west and New South Wales to the south. To the east, Queensland is bordered by the Coral Sea and Pacific Ocean. The state is Australia's second largest by area, following Western Australia, and the country's third most populous after New South Wales and Victoria.
http://wn.com/Queensland -
Reading, Berkshire
Reading ( ) is the largest town in England, located at the confluence of the River Thames and River Kennet, and on both the Great Western Main Line railway and the M4 motorway, some west of London. For ceremonial purposes it is in the Royal County of Berkshire and has served as the county town since 1867.
http://wn.com/Reading_Berkshire -
Redditch
Redditch is a town and local government district in north-east Worcestershire, England, approximately south of Birmingham. The district had a population of 79,216 in 2005. In the 19th century it became the international centre for the needle and fishing tackle industry. At one point 90% of the world's needles were manufactured in the town and its neighbourhoods. In the 1960s it became a model for modern new-town planning.
http://wn.com/Redditch -
Reutov
http://wn.com/Reutov -
Rhode Island
The State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, more commonly referred to as Rhode Island ( or ), is a state in the New England region of the United States. It is the smallest U.S. state by area. Rhode Island borders Connecticut to the west and Massachusetts to the north and east, and it shares a water boundary with New York's Long Island to the southwest.
http://wn.com/Rhode_Island -
Rochester, Kent
Rochester is a town and former city in Kent, England. It is located within the unitary authority area of Medway and is at the lowest bridging point of the River Medway about from London. The town is known for its cathedral and castle, and for an epic siege in 1215. Rochester, together with neighbouring Chatham, Gillingham, Strood and a number of outlying villages makes up the Medway unitary authority area.
http://wn.com/Rochester_Kent -
Scotland
Scotland (Scottish Gaelic: Alba) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. Occupying the northern third of the island of Great Britain, it shares a border with England to the south and is bounded by the North Sea to the east, the Atlantic Ocean to the north and west, and the North Channel and Irish Sea to the southwest. In addition to the mainland, Scotland includes over 790 islands including the Northern Isles and the Hebrides.
http://wn.com/Scotland -
Seattle
http://wn.com/Seattle -
Sha Tin
Sha Tin, also spelled Shatin, is an area around the Shing Mun River in the New Territories of Hong Kong.
http://wn.com/Sha_Tin -
Sha Tin New Town
http://wn.com/Sha_Tin_New_Town -
Sha Tin Town Hall
Sha Tin Town Hall is a town hall at the town centre of the Sha Tin District in Hong Kong. It is located near the Sha Tin Park and the New Town Plaza. It is part of the podium complex which includes the Sha Tin Town Hall, Sha Tin Public Library and the Sha Tin Marriage Registry.
http://wn.com/Sha_Tin_Town_Hall -
Shahrak-e Gharb
Shahrak-e Gharb (also called Shahrak-e Qods , ) is a planned town built as a massive project of modern apartment buildings and villas in the north-western part of Tehran, Iran. Originally built based on the model of upscale American suburbs, today it is considered one of Tehran's neighborhoods. Its name means "the West Town".
http://wn.com/Shahrak-e_Gharb -
Shipston-on-Stour
Shipston-on-Stour is a town and civil parish on the River Stour about south of Stratford-upon-Avon in Warwickshire. It is in the northern part of the Cotswolds, close to the boundaries with Oxfordshire and Gloucestershire.
http://wn.com/Shipston-on-Stour -
Somers Town, London
Somers Town, named after the Somers family who owned the land, is an area of London south of Camden Town. Historically, the locality known as Somers Town was the whole of the triangular space between the Hampstead, Pancras, and Euston Roads. Modern Somers Town is generally regarded as being the area bounded by Euston Road, Eversholt Street, Crowndale Road, Pancras Road and the railway approaches to St Pancras Station; that is to say, the general vicinity of Chalton Street. Vehicular through traffic is not heavy, and is confined by traffic calming and other measures to a few North/South arterial throughways.
http://wn.com/Somers_Town_London -
St David's
'''St David's and the Cathedral Close, more commonly known as St David's''', (), is a city and community in Pembrokeshire, Wales. It is Britain's smallest city. Lying on the River Alyn on St David's peninsula, the town is the de facto ecclesiastical capital of Wales and the final resting place of Saint David, the country's patron saint.
http://wn.com/St_David's -
Statistics Sweden
Statistics Sweden (, ) is the Swedish government agency responsible for producing official statistics regarding Sweden. National statistics in Sweden date back to 1686 when the parishes of the Church of Sweden were ordered to start keeping records on the population. SCB's predecessor, the Office of Tables (), was set up in 1749, and the current name was adopted in 1858.
http://wn.com/Statistics_Sweden -
Stockholm
http://wn.com/Stockholm -
Sweden
http://wn.com/Sweden -
Swiss Alps
The Swiss Alps (, , , ) are the portion of the Alps mountain range that lies within Switzerland. Because of their central position within the entire Alpine range, they are also known as the Central Alps.
http://wn.com/Swiss_Alps -
Tabriz
http://wn.com/Tabriz -
Taupo
Taupo (, ) is a town on the shore of Lake Taupo in the centre of the North Island of New Zealand. It is the seat of the Taupo District Council and lies in the southern Waikato Region.
http://wn.com/Taupo -
Tehran
http://wn.com/Tehran -
Telford
Telford () is a large new town in the borough of Telford and Wrekin and ceremonial county of Shropshire, England, approximately east of Shrewsbury, and west of Birmingham. With an estimated population of 162,300 in 2009, Telford is by far the largest town in Shropshire, and one of the fastest growing towns in the United Kingdom.
http://wn.com/Telford -
The Hague
http://wn.com/The_Hague -
Tseung Kwan O
Tseung Kwan O (also called Cheung Kwan O or Junk Bay) is a bay in Sai Kung District, New Territories, Hong Kong. In the northern tip of the bay lies the Tseung Kwan O Village.
http://wn.com/Tseung_Kwan_O -
Turkey
Turkey (), known officially as the Republic of Turkey (), is a Eurasian country that stretches across the Anatolian peninsula in western Asia and Thrace in the Balkan region of southeastern Europe. Turkey is one of the six independent Turkic states. Turkey is bordered by eight countries: Bulgaria to the northwest; Greece to the west; Georgia to the northeast; Armenia, Azerbaijan (the exclave of Nakhchivan) and Iran to the east; and Iraq and Syria to the southeast. The Mediterranean Sea and Cyprus are to the south; the Aegean Sea to the west; and the Black Sea is to the north. The Sea of Marmara, the Bosphorus and the Dardanelles (which together form the Turkish Straits) demarcate the boundary between Eastern Thrace and Anatolia; they also separate Europe and Asia.
http://wn.com/Turkey -
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK, or Britain) is a country and sovereign state located off the northwestern coast of continental Europe. It is an island nation, spanning an archipelago including Great Britain, the northeastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK with a land border with another sovereign state, sharing it with the Republic of Ireland. Apart from this land border, the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel and the Irish Sea. Great Britain is linked to continental Europe by the Channel Tunnel.
http://wn.com/United_Kingdom -
United States
The United States of America (also referred to as the United States, the U.S., the USA, or America) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Caribbean and Pacific.
http://wn.com/United_States -
Utah
Utah ( or ) is a western state of the United States. It was the 45th state admitted to the Union, on January 4, 1896. Approximately 80% of Utah's 2,784,572 people live along the Wasatch Front, centering on Salt Lake City. This leaves vast expanses of the state nearly uninhabited, making the population the sixth most urbanized in the U.S. The name "Utah" is derived from the name of the Ute tribe and means "people of the mountains" in the Ute language. Utah is bordered by Arizona on the south, Colorado on the east, Wyoming on the northeast, Idaho on the north and Nevada on the west. It also touches a corner of New Mexico.
http://wn.com/Utah -
Vermont
http://wn.com/Vermont -
Victoria (Australia)
Victoria is the second most populous state in Australia. Geographically the smallest mainland state, Victoria is bordered by New South Wales to the north, South Australia to the west, and Tasmania to the south, across Bass Strait. Victoria is the most densely populated state, and has a highly centralised population, with almost 75% of Victorians living in Melbourne, the state capital and largest city. Approximately 30,000 Indigenous Australians are estimated to have lived in the area, before European settlement in Victoria began in the 1830s. The discovery of gold in 1851 at Ballarat and Warrandyte transformed it into a leading industrial and commercial centre.
http://wn.com/Victoria_(Australia) -
Virginia
The Commonwealth of Virginia () is a U.S. state on the Atlantic Coast of the Southern United States. Virginia is nicknamed the "Old Dominion" and sometimes the "Mother of Presidents" because it is the birthplace of eight U.S. presidents. The geography and climate of the state are shaped by the Blue Ridge Mountains and the Chesapeake Bay, which provide habitat for much of its flora and fauna. The capital of the Commonwealth is Richmond; Virginia Beach is the most populous city and Fairfax County the most populous political subdivision. The state population is nearly eight million.
http://wn.com/Virginia -
Wales
Wales ( ; pronounced ) is a country that is part of the United Kingdom, bordered by England to its east and the Atlantic Ocean and Irish Sea to its west. It has an estimated population of three million and is officially bilingual with the Welsh and English languages having equal status. The Welsh language is an important element of Welsh culture. Its decline has reversed over recent years, with Welsh speakers estimated to be around 20% of the population of Wales.
http://wn.com/Wales -
Warwickshire
{| border=1 cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="right" width=250 style=margin-left:10px
http://wn.com/Warwickshire -
Western Australia
Western Australia is a state of Australia, occupying the entire western third of the Australian continent. Australia's largest state and the second largest subnational entity in the world, it has 2.2 million inhabitants (10% of the national total), 85% of whom live in the south-west corner of the state.
http://wn.com/Western_Australia -
Wyatt, Indiana
Wyatt is an unincorporated community located in Madison Township, St. Joseph County, Indiana, United States. It is situated on State Road 331 about 10 miles (16km) south of Mishawaka and 7 miles (11km) north of Bremen. Its ZIP code is 46595. The community is part of the South Bend–Mishawaka, IN-MI, Metropolitan Statistical Area.
http://wn.com/Wyatt_Indiana -
Wyoming
Wyoming is a state in the Western United States. The western two thirds of the state is mostly covered by the mountain ranges and rangelands in the foothills of the Eastern Rocky Mountains, while the eastern third of the state is high elevation prairie known as the High Plains. While the tenth largest U.S. state by area, Wyoming is the least populous, with a U.S. Census estimated population of 544,270 in 2009. This is a 5.9% increase since 2000. The capital and the most populous city of Wyoming is Cheyenne.
http://wn.com/Wyoming -
Çeşme
http://wn.com/Çeşme
-
Austria
Austria or (), officially the Republic of Austria (German: ), is a landlocked country of roughly 8.3 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by Germany and the Czech Republic to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the west. The territory of Austria covers and has a temperate and alpine climate. Austria's terrain is highly mountainous due to the presence of the Alps; only 32% of the country is below , and its highest point is . The majority of the population speaks German, which is also the country's official language. Other local official languages are Croatian, Hungarian and Slovene.
http://wn.com/Austria -
Greeks
Ethnic group
http://wn.com/Greeks -
Hong Kong
Hong Kong () is one of two special administrative regions (SARs) of the People's Republic of China (PRC), the other being Macau. Situated on China's south coast and enclosed by the Pearl River Delta and South China Sea, it is renowned for its expansive skyline and deep natural harbour. With a land mass of and a population of seven million people, Hong Kong is one of the most densely populated areas in the world. Hong Kong's population is 95 percent ethnic Chinese and 5 percent from other groups. Hong Kong's Han Chinese majority originate mainly from the cities of Guangzhou and Taishan in the neighbouring Guangdong province.
http://wn.com/Hong_Kong -
Palisade
A palisade is a steel or wooden fence or wall of variable height, usually used as a defensive structure.
http://wn.com/Palisade -
Ranchería
http://wn.com/Ranchería -
William and Mary
The phrase William and Mary usually refers to the coregency over the Kingdoms of England, Scotland and Ireland, of King William III and Queen Mary II. Their joint reign began in February 1689, when they were called to the throne by Parliament, replacing James II & VII, Mary's father and William's uncle/father-in-law, who was "deemed to have fled" the country in the Glorious Revolution of 1688. After Mary died in 1694, William ruled alone until his death in 1702. William and Mary were childless and were ultimately succeeded by Mary's younger sister, Anne. She was daughter of James II.
http://wn.com/William_and_Mary
Town & Country (2001)
"Town & Country (2001)" Actors
- Warren Beatty
- Diane Keaton
- Andie Macdowell
- Garry Shandling
- Goldie Hawn
- Jenna Elfman
- Nastassja Kinski
- Beverly Polcyn
"Town & Country (2001)" Director
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'The Town' Trailer HD
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:32
- Published: 19 Jul 2010
- Updated: 27 Jun 2012
visit www.hollywood.com Starring Jeremy Renner, Ben Affleck, Blake Lively, Jon Hamm
http://wn.com/'The_Town'_Trailer_HD
The Town (2010) - Official Movie Trailer
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:33
- Published: 13 Sep 2010
- Updated: 28 Jun 2012
Doug MacRay is an unrepentant criminal, the de facto leader of a group of ruthless bank robbers who pride themselves in stealing what they want and getting out clean. With no real attachments, Doug never has to fear losing anyone close to him. But that all changed on the gang's latest job, when they briefly took a hostage--bank manager, Claire Keesey. Though they let her go unharmed, Claire is nervously aware that the robbers know her name and where she lives. But she lets her guard down when she meets an unassuming and rather charming man named Doug not realizing that he is the same man who only days earlier had terrorized her. The instant attraction between them gradually turns into a passionate romance that threatens to take them both down a dangerous, and potentially deadly, path. The Town - In Cinemas 24 September 2010 Directed by Ben Affleck Starring: Ben Affleck, Jon Hamm, Jeremy Renner, Blake Lively, Pete Postlethwaite and Chris Cooper
http://wn.com/The_Town_2010_Official_Movie_Trailer
New York, New York - On the Town
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:07
- Published: 29 Oct 2009
- Updated: 27 Jun 2012
The Legendary Frank Sinatra, Gene Kelly and Jules Munshin perform New York, New York from the 1944 musical and the 1949 MGM musical film On the Town. The music was written by Leonard Bernstein and the lyrics by Betty Comden and Adolph Green. The best known line of this song is, "New York, New York, a helluva town. The Bronx is up but the Battery's down." For the film version, the word "helluva" was changed to "wonderful" to appease the Production Code offices.
http://wn.com/New_York,_New_York_On_the_Town
The Town Trailer
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:29
- Published: 16 Jul 2010
- Updated: 27 Jun 2012
The Trailer for Ben Affleck's sophomore directorial debut, The Town.
http://wn.com/The_Town_Trailer
Macklemore "THE TOWN" Official Music Video
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:33
- Published: 24 Dec 2009
- Updated: 28 Jun 2012
Music Video for Macklemore's "The Town" from The Unplanned Mixtape. Director/DP/Editor: Zia Mohajerjasbi Produced By: Kirby Grey, Zia Mohajerjasbi & Sam Toloui Everything Else: Steve Failows, Futsum Tsegai & Saman Maydani www.LOVEANDSHOESTRINGS.com
http://wn.com/Macklemore_THE_TOWN_Official_Music_Video
the town-bank robbery scene
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:10
- Published: 17 Jul 2011
- Updated: 23 Jun 2012
As he plans his next job, a longtime thief tries to balance his feelings for a bank manager connected to one of his earlier heists, as well as the FBI agent looking to bring him and his crew down.
http://wn.com/the_town-bank_robbery_scene
Pete Postlethwaite in The Town
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:46
- Published: 03 Jan 2011
- Updated: 26 Jun 2012
A clip of Pete Postlethwaite in Ben Affleck's "The Town", as Fergus 'Fergie' Colm. A great actor. RIP.
http://wn.com/Pete_Postlethwaite_in_The_Town
Scotty McCreery - Water Tower Town
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:47
- Published: 22 Jun 2012
- Updated: 25 Jun 2012
Music video by Scotty McCreery performing Water Tower Town. (C) 2012 19 Recordings, Inc.
http://wn.com/Scotty_McCreery_Water_Tower_Town
UB40- Kingston Town
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:59
- Published: 28 Jun 2007
- Updated: 27 Jun 2012
UB40's Kingston Town
http://wn.com/UB40_Kingston_Town
Little Big Town - Pontoon
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:29
- Published: 29 May 2012
- Updated: 28 Jun 2012
Music video by Little Big Town performing Pontoon. (P) (C) 2012 Little Big Town LLC under exclusive license to Capitol Records Nashville . All rights reserved. Unauthorized reproduction is a violation of applicable laws. Manufactured by Capitol Records Nashville, 3322 West End Avenue, 11th Floor, Nashville, TN 37203
http://wn.com/Little_Big_Town_Pontoon
DFD - TOWN (ACOUSTIC) - ALBUM DROPS NOV 1ST
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:00
- Published: 27 Sep 2011
- Updated: 26 Jun 2012
acoustic version of "Town" a song off my upcoming album "DFD" dropping 11-1-11 Jose Rios on the guitar follow him @josemrios DFD @dumbfoundead peep out my new tumblr as well: freedumbfoundead.tumblr.com
http://wn.com/DFD_TOWN_ACOUSTIC_ALBUM_DROPS_NOV_1ST
Crazy Town - Butterfly
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:34
- Published: 25 Oct 2009
- Updated: 28 Jun 2012
Music video by Crazy Town performing Butterfly. (C) 1999 Sony BMG Music Entertainment
http://wn.com/Crazy_Town_Butterfly
Ministry of Magic - This Town (Official Music Video)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:36
- Published: 14 Sep 2010
- Updated: 27 Jun 2012
Purchase on iTunes: bit.ly If you liked this, ReTweet the video: clicktotweet.com ____________________________________ Me online: youtube.com twitter.com facebook.com _________________________________________ My music: Luke Conard: itun.es ALL CAPS: itunes.com Ministry of Magic: itunes.com ________________________________________ Check out Ryan Seiler: www.youtube.com _________________________________ Look for the newest Ministry of Magic album out soon!! ************* Video was shot with a Canon 7D with a 50mm f/1.4 prime lens in 1080p 30fps converted with Cineform Neoscene. ************* Ministry of Magic - This Town Lyrics: (Luke) You and I will fly out of this town Here tonight leave all solid ground (Ryan) You and I will fly out of this town Half blind, leave the underground (Ryan) We're breaking into Gringotts if I Have to give the Imperious Curse a try (Luke) Voldemort has locked away his horcux Too bad the sword of Gryf findor is with us (Ryan) There's a chance that we'll reveal our cards tonight Voldemort will know we're killing off his last life lines (Luke) Everyone will know that we're still fighting Not in shallow graves or fearfully hiding (Luke and Ryan) You and I will fly out of this town Here tonight leave all solid ground You and I will fly out of this town Half blind, leave the underground (Luke) We're breaking outta Gringotts if I Have to climb aboard an angry dragon hide (Ryan) It's unchained and you can bet determined To finally escape this <b>...</b>
http://wn.com/Ministry_of_Magic_This_Town_Official_Music_Video
The Town
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:44
- Published: 21 Sep 2010
- Updated: 22 Jun 2012
Richard Roeper reviews Ben Affleck and Jeremy Renner in The Town.
http://wn.com/The_Town
White Town - Your Woman
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:26
- Published: 07 Mar 2009
- Updated: 27 Jun 2012
Music video by White Town performing Your Woman.
http://wn.com/White_Town_Your_Woman
Sparks - This Town Ain't Big Enough For Both Of Us
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:02
- Published: 02 Jan 2010
- Updated: 27 Jun 2012
****** Sparks 2012 Tour News ****** TWO HANDS, ONE MOUTH TOUR - AUTUMN 2012. UK 21st October -- hmv Picture House, Edinburgh 22nd October - HMV Ritz, Manchester 23rd October - HMV Institute, Birmingham 25th October - Concert Hall, Brighton Dome 26th October - The Barbican, London Tickets for all shows are available from seetickets.com 08700 603 777 GERMANY 13th October - Berlin, Postbahnhof 14th October - Hamburg, Grünspan 16th October - Frankfurt, Batschkapp 17th October - Bochum, Zeche www.eventim.de ---------------------------------------------------------- Disco 28/09/74 - Ron Mael - Russell Mael - Ian Hampton - Trevor White - Dinky Diamond
http://wn.com/Sparks_This_Town_Ain't_Big_Enough_For_Both_Of_Us
The OFFICIAL "Run This Town" Video
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:23
- Published: 21 Aug 2009
- Updated: 28 Jun 2012
Check out the official "Run This Town" video! Jay-Z! Rihanna! Kanye West! Roc Nation stand up! www.Jay-Z.com
http://wn.com/The_OFFICIAL_Run_This_Town_Video
Rufus Wainwright - Going To A Town
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:06
- Published: 20 Dec 2009
- Updated: 27 Jun 2012
Music video by Rufus Wainwright performing Going To A Town. (C) 2007 Geffen Records
http://wn.com/Rufus_Wainwright_Going_To_A_Town
Eels - Last Stop: This Town
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:39
- Published: 01 Dec 2009
- Updated: 26 Jun 2012
Music video by Eels performing Last Stop: This Town. (C) 1998 Geffen Records
http://wn.com/Eels_Last_Stop_This_Town
The Specials - Ghost Town
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:39
- Published: 26 Feb 2009
- Updated: 28 Jun 2012
Music video by The Specials performing Ghost Town.
http://wn.com/The_Specials_Ghost_Town
Justin Bieber - Out Of Town Girl (Audio)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:48
- Published: 12 Jun 2012
- Updated: 28 Jun 2012
Amazon: amzn.to Video of Justin Bieber performing "Out Of Town Girl" (Audio). © 2012 The Island Def Jam Music Group | Universal Music Group Follow Me On Twitter: Twitter.com Justin Bieber - Out Of Town Girl Justin Bieber - Out Of Town Girl Justin Bieber - Out Of Town Girl (Full)
http://wn.com/Justin_Bieber_Out_Of_Town_Girl_Audio
The Town - "We're gonna hurt some people"
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:54
- Published: 16 Jun 2011
- Updated: 28 Jun 2012
One of my favorite parts from The Town (2010). While on a date with Claire, Doug finds out she was violently harassed by some 'punks' in town. He finds where they live, and pays them a visit with his best friend Jem. "Look at me... see my face? Go tell the cops. But just remember... I've seen yours too." Video/audio footage taken from The Town. I do not own any copyrights to The Town, or any name or image affiliated with The Town.
http://wn.com/The_Town_We're_gonna_hurt_some_people
Stephen Walking - Lavender Town (Pokemon Dubstep Remix)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:43
- Published: 08 Apr 2011
- Updated: 28 Jun 2012
Download: www.mediafire.com MERCH: new.merchnow.com Stephen Walking - Lavender Town (Pokemon Dubstep Remix) Stephen Walking on: Facebook: www.facebook.com Soundcloud: soundcloud.com
http://wn.com/Stephen_Walking_Lavender_Town_Pokemon_Dubstep_Remix
Creative Commons / Jiuguang Wang
UN / Sylvain Liechti
AP / Marc Hofer
AP / Shaam News Network, SNN
Creative Commons / Jcmurphy
UN / Sylvain Liechti
Creative Commons / Ian Stannard
US Army / Michael J. MacLeod
US Army / Michael J. MacLeod
US Army / Michael J. MacLeod
US Army / Michael J. MacLeod
Creative Commons / Bobak Ha'Eri
Creative Commons
Creative Commons / Mattinbgn
AP / Nasser Shiyoukhi
Public Domain / Dims
Creative Commons / AYArktos![Tumult from the top of Wynyard Street. Tumult /ˈtjuːmət/[2] is a town in the Riverina region of New South Wales, Australia, situated on the banks of the Tumut River.](http://web.archive.org./web/20120712112955im_/http://cdn4.wn.com/pd/a7/63/61b847fe590d25d35ba6e046fb58_small.jpg "Tumult from the top of Wynyard Street. Tumult /ˈtjuːmət/[2] is a town in the Riverina region of New South Wales, Australia, situated on the banks of the Tumut River.")
Creative Commons![Downtown Beatty in 2012. Early businesses in Beatty included the Montgomery Hotel, built by a mine owner in 1905,[6] and freight businesses first centered on horse-drawn wagons and later on railroads serving the mining towns in the Bullfrog district.[](http://web.archive.org./web/20120712112955im_/http://cdn2.wn.com/pd/f2/ab/fa3f453d52b5f7221b16b83ed6ff_small.jpg "Downtown Beatty in 2012. Early businesses in Beatty included the Montgomery Hotel, built by a mine owner in 1905,[6] and freight businesses first centered on horse-drawn wagons and later on railroads serving the mining towns in the Bullfrog district.[")
Creative Commons![Downtown Beatty in 2012. Early businesses in Beatty included the Montgomery Hotel, built by a mine owner in 1905,[6] and freight businesses first centered on horse-drawn wagons and later on railroads serving the mining towns in the Bullfrog district.[](http://web.archive.org./web/20120712112955im_/http://cdn0.wn.com/pd/41/fa/bf47823852e08158209d8136d9ef_small.jpg "Downtown Beatty in 2012. Early businesses in Beatty included the Montgomery Hotel, built by a mine owner in 1905,[6] and freight businesses first centered on horse-drawn wagons and later on railroads serving the mining towns in the Bullfrog district.[")
Creative Commons / CLI
WN / Imran Nissar
WN / Imran Nissar
WN / Imran Nissar
WN / Imran Nissar
WN / Imran Nissar
WN / Imran Nissar
WN / Imran Nissar
WN / Imran Nissar
WN / Imran Nissar
WN / Imran Nissar
![Tumult from the top of Wynyard Street. Tumult /ˈtjuːmət/[2] is a town in the Riverina region of New South Wales, Australia, situated on the banks of the Tumut River.](http://web.archive.org./web/20120712112955/http://cdn8.wn.com/pd/a7/63/61b847fe590d25d35ba6e046fb58_medium.jpg "Tumult from the top of Wynyard Street. Tumult /ˈtjuːmət/[2] is a town in the Riverina region of New South Wales, Australia, situated on the banks of the Tumut River.")
![Downtown Beatty in 2012. Early businesses in Beatty included the Montgomery Hotel, built by a mine owner in 1905,[6] and freight businesses first centered on horse-drawn wagons and later on railroads serving the mining towns in the Bullfrog district.[](http://web.archive.org./web/20120712112955/http://cdn6.wn.com/pd/f2/ab/fa3f453d52b5f7221b16b83ed6ff_medium.jpg "Downtown Beatty in 2012. Early businesses in Beatty included the Montgomery Hotel, built by a mine owner in 1905,[6] and freight businesses first centered on horse-drawn wagons and later on railroads serving the mining towns in the Bullfrog district.[")
![Downtown Beatty in 2012. Early businesses in Beatty included the Montgomery Hotel, built by a mine owner in 1905,[6] and freight businesses first centered on horse-drawn wagons and later on railroads serving the mining towns in the Bullfrog district.[](http://web.archive.org./web/20120712112955/http://cdn4.wn.com/pd/41/fa/bf47823852e08158209d8136d9ef_medium.jpg "Downtown Beatty in 2012. Early businesses in Beatty included the Montgomery Hotel, built by a mine owner in 1905,[6] and freight businesses first centered on horse-drawn wagons and later on railroads serving the mining towns in the Bullfrog district.[")
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photo: Creative Commons / Glenn Francis
09 Jul 2012
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For other uses, see Town (disambiguation).
A town is a human settlement larger than a village but smaller than a city. The size definition for what constitutes a "town" varies considerably in different parts of the world, so that, for example, many "small towns" in the United States would be regarded as villages in the United Kingdom, while many British "small towns" would qualify as cities in the United States.
Origin and use[link]
The word town shares an origin with the German word Zaun, the Dutch word tuin, and the Old Norse tun. The German word Zaun comes closest to the original meaning of the word: a fence of any material.
In English and Dutch, the meaning of the word took on the sense of the space which these fences enclosed. In English, it was a small city that could not afford or was not allowed to build walls or other larger fortifications, and built a palisade or stockade instead (many early English settlements in North America used stockades.) In the Netherlands, this space was a garden, more specifically those of the wealthy, which had a high fence or a wall around them (like the garden of palace 't Loo in Apeldoorn, which was the example for the privy garden of William and Mary at Hampton Court). In Old Norse tun means a (grassy) place between farmhouses, and is still used in a similar meaning in modern Norwegian.
In Old English and Early and Middle Scots, the word ton, toun, etc. could refer to kinds of settlements as diverse as agricultural estates and holdings, partly picking up the Norse sense (as in the Scots word fermtoun) at one end of the scale, to fortified municipality at the other. If there was any distinction between toun (fortified municipality) and burgh (unfortified municipality) as claimed by some[who?], it did not last in practice as burghs and touns developed. For example "Edina Burgh" or "Edinburgh" (called a city today) was built around a fort and eventually came to have a defensive wall.
In some cases, "town" is an alternate name for "city" or "village" (especially a larger village). Sometimes, the word "town" is short for "township". In general, today towns can be differentiated from townships, villages, or hamlets on the basis of their economic character, in that most of a town's population will tend to derive their living from manufacturing industry, commerce, and public service rather than primary industry such as agriculture or related activities.
A place's population size is not a reliable determinant of urban character. In many areas of the world, as in India at least until recent times, a large village might contain several times as many people as a small town. In the United Kingdom, there are historical cities that are far smaller than the larger towns.
The modern phenomenon of extensive suburban growth, satellite urban development, and migration of city-dwellers to villages have further complicated the definition of towns, creating communities urban in their economic and cultural characteristics but lacking other characteristics of urban localities.
Some forms of non-rural settlement, such as temporary mining locations, may be clearly non-rural, but have at best a questionable claim to be called a town.
Towns often exist as distinct governmental units, with legally defined borders and some or all of the appurtenances of local government (e.g., a police force). In the United States these are referred to as "incorporated towns". In other cases the town lacks its own governance and is said to be "unincorporated". Note that the existence of an unincorporated town may be legally set forth through other means, as through zoning districts. In the case of some planned communities, the town exists legally in the form of covenants on the properties within the town. The United States Census identifies many census-designated places (CDPs) by the names of unincorporated towns which lie within them; however, those CDPs typically include rural and suburban areas and even surrounding villages and other towns.
The distinction between a town and a city similarly depends on the approach adopted: a city may strictly be an administrative entity which has been granted that designation by law, but in informal usage, the term is also used to denote an urban locality of a particular size or importance: whereas a medieval city may have possessed as few as 10,000 inhabitants, today some consider an urban place of fewer than 100,000 as a town, even though there are many officially designated cities that are very, very much smaller than that.
Age of towns scheme[link]
Australian geographer Thomas Griffith Taylor proposed a classification of towns based on their age and pattern of land use. He identified five types of town:[1]
- Infantile towns, with no clear zoning
- Juvenile towns, which have developed an area of shops
- Adolescent towns, where factories have started to appear
- Early mature towns, with a separate area of high-class housing
- Mature towns, with defined industrial, commercial and various types of residential area
By country[link]
Australia[link]
In Australia, towns are commonly understood to be centers of population not formally declared to be cities and usually with a population in excess of about 250 people.[citation needed] Centers too small to be called towns are generally understood to be a township.
In addition, local governments are officially styled as towns in Queensland, Western Australia and the Northern Territory. In Victoria (other states?), localities may be described as a town if they contain a town as described above.
Austria[link]
In Austria, designations are similar to those in Germany with a trichotomy in Gemeinde, Markt(gemeinde) and Stadt. Which translate to "Community", "Market Community" and "City".
Bulgaria[link]
Main article: List of cities and towns in Bulgaria
In Bulgaria the Council of Ministers defines what constitutes a settlement, while the President of Bulgaria grants each settlement its title. In 2005 the requirement that villages that wish to classify themselves as town must have a social and technical infrastructure, as well as a population of no less than 3500 persons. For resort settlements the requirements are lower with the population needing to be no less than 1000 persons but infrastructure requirements remain.
Canada[link]
Main articles: List of towns in Canada and Municipal government in Canada
The legal definition of a town in Canada varies by province or territory, as each has jurisdiction over defining and legislating towns, cities and other types of municipal organization within its own boundaries.
The province of Quebec is unique in that it makes no distinction under law between towns and cities. There is no intermediate level in French between village and ville (municipality is an administrative term usually applied to a legal, not geographical entity), so both are combined under the single legal status of ville. While an informal preference may exist among English speakers as to whether any individual ville is commonly referred to as a city or as a town, no distinction and no objective legal criteria exist to make such a distinction under law.
Chile[link]
In Chile, towns (Spanish: pueblos) are defined by the National Statistics Institute (INE) as an urban entity with a population from 2001 to 5000 or an area with a population from 1001 to 2000 and an established economic activity.
Denmark[link]
In Denmark, no distinction is made between "city", "town" and "village"; all three translate as "by".
For small villages and hamlets, the word "landsby" is used (appropriately. "country town" or "rural town"). For formal purposes, such urban areas having at least 200 inhabitants are counted as "by".[2]
Historically some towns held various privileges, the most important of which was the right to hold market. They were administered separately from the rural areas in both fiscal, military and legal matters. Such towns are known as "købstad" (roughly the same meaning as "borough" albeit deriving from a different etymology) and they retain the exclusive right to the title even after the last vestiges of their privileges vanished through the reform of the local administration carried through in 1970.
France[link]
From an administrative standpoint, the smallest level of local authorities are all called "communes". However, some laws do treat these authorities differently based on the population and specific rules apply to the three main cities Paris, Lyon and Marseille. For historical reasons, six communes in the Meuse département still exist as independent entities despite having no inhabitant at all.
For statistical purposes, the national statistical institute (INSEE) operates a distinction between urban areas with fewer than 2,000 inhabitants and bigger communes, the latter being called "villes". Smaller settlements are usually called "villages". In any case, the French language does not commonly make a difference between towns and cities.
Germany[link]
Germans do not, in general, differentiate between 'city' and 'town'. The German word for both is Stadt as it is in many other languages that do not make any difference between the Anglo-Saxon concepts. However, the International Statistics Conference of 1887 defined different sizes of Stadt, based on their population size, as follows: Landstadt ("country town"; under 5,000), Kleinstadt ("small town"; 5,000 to under 20,000), Mittelstadt ("middle town"; between 20,000 and 100,000) and Großstadt ("large town"; over 100,000).[3] The term Großstadt may be translated as "city". In addition, Germans may speak of Millionenstadt, a city with over 1,000,000 inhabitants, or even a Megastadt.
In Germany also the historical importance (many settlements became a Stadt by being awarded a Stadtrecht in medieval times), the centrality and the population density of an urban place might be taken as characteristics of a 'city'. The word for a 'village', as a smaller settlement, is Dorf.
In some German states, the words Markt, Marktflecken (both used in southern Germany) or Flecken (northern Germany e.g. in Lower Saxony) designate a town-like residential community between village and city.
The current local government organization is subject to state law of a state and the related denomination of a specific settlement may differ from its common designation (e.g. Samtgemeinde - a Lower Saxony legal term for a group of villages (Dorf, pl. Dörfer) with common local government). Designations in different states are as diverse as for example in Australian States and Territories and differ from state to state.
Greece and Cyprus[link]
Greeks do not have different words to express 'town' and 'city'. The word they use to say both is πόλη (fem) (póli). Though sometimes (rarely in everyday speech) they use the word κωμόπολη (komópoli) (fem) to refer to a town. For Greeks, a town (komópoli) is a human settlement with a population of 2.000 - 9.999. If a settlement has a lower population, it is considered a village (χωριό, chorjó). For the cities, Greeks, use the word 'póli', whereas for bigger cities with a population above 1 million, they usually use another name, μητρόπολη (mitrópoli), in English Metropolis.
Hong Kong[link]
![[icon]](http://web.archive.org./web/20120712112955/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg){kind=small} |
This section requires expansion. |
Main article: List of cities and towns in Hong Kong
Hong Kong started developing new towns in the 1950s, to accommodate booming populations. The very first new towns included Tsuen Wan and Kwun Tong. In the late 1960s and the 1970s, another stage of new town developments was launched. Nine new towns have been developed so far. Land use is carefully planned and development provides plenty of room for public housing projects. Rail transport is usually available at a later stage. The first towns are Sha Tin, Tsuen Wan, Tuen Mun and Tseung Kwan O. Tuen Mun was intended to be self-reliant, but was not successful and turned into a bedroom community like the other new towns. More recent developments are Tin Shui Wai and North Lantau (Tung Chung-Tai Ho).
Hungary[link]
In Hungary, a village can gain the status of "város" (town), if it meets a set of diverse conditions for quality of life and development of certain public services and utilities (e.g. having a local secondary school or installing full-area sewage collection pipe network). Every year the Minister of Internal Affairs selects candidates from a committee-screened list of applicants, whom the President of Republic usually affirms by issuing a bill of town's rank to them. Since being a town carries extra fiscal support from the government, many relatively small villages try to win the status of "városi rang" nowadays.
Before the fall of communism in 1990, Hungarian villages under 10,000 residents were not allowed to become towns. Recently some settlements as small as 2,500 souls have received the rank of town (e.g. Zalakaros or Gönc) and meeting the conditions of development is often disregarded to quickly elevate larger villages into towns. As of early 2007, there are 289 towns in Hungary, encompassing some 65% of the entire population.
Towns of more than 50,000 people are able to gain the status of "megyei jog" (town with the rights of a county), which allows them to maintain own courts and a higher degree of autonomy. As of early 2007, there are only 23 such towns in Hungary.[citation needed]
Iceland[link]
Main article: List of cities and towns in Iceland
Ireland[link]
Main article: List of towns in the Republic of Ireland
The Local Government act 2001 provides that from January 1, 2002 (section 10 subsection (3) Within the county in which they are situated and of which they form part, there continue to be such other local government areas as are set out in Schedule 6 which - (a) in the case of the areas set out in Chapter 1 of Part 1 of that Schedule, shall be known as boroughs, and - (b) in the case of the areas set out in Chapter 2 of Part 1 and Part 2 of that Schedule, shall be known as towns, and in this Act a reference to a town shall include a reference to a borough.
These provisions affect the replacement of the boroughs, Towns and urban districts which existed before then. Similar reforms in the nomenclature of local authorities ( but not their functions) are effected by section 11 part 17 of the act includes provision (section 185(2)) Qualified electors of a town having a population of at least 7,500 as ascertained at the last preceding census or such other figure as the Minister may from time to time prescribe by regulations, and not having a town council, may make a proposal in accordance with paragraph (b) for the establishment of such a council and contains provisions enabling the establishment of new town councils and provisions enabling the dissolution of existing or new town councils in certain circumstances
The reference to town having a population of at least 7,500 as ascertained at the last preceding census hands much of the power relating to defining what is in fact a town over to the Central Statistics Office and their criteria are published as part of each census.
- Planning and Development Act 2000
Another reference to the Census and its role in determining what is or is not a town for some administrative purpose is in the Planning and Development act 2000 (part II chapter I which provides for Local area plans)
A local area plan shall be made in respect of an area which —(i) is designated as a town in the most recent census of population, other than a town designated as a suburb or environs in that census, (ii) has a population in excess of 2,000, and (iii) is situated within the functional area of a planning authority which is a county council.
- Central Statistics Office Criteria
These are set out in full at http://www.cso.ie/census/documents/census_2006_Appendices.pdf
In short they speak of "towns with legally defined boundaries" ( i.e. those established by the Local Government Act 2001) and the remaining 664 as "census towns", defined by themselves since 1971 as a cluster of 50 or more occupied dwellings in which within a distance of 800 meters there is a nucleus of 30 occupied houses on both sides of the road or twenty occupied houses on one side of the road there is also a 200 meter criterion for determining whether a house is part of a census town.
India[link]
In India, under most state laws, no village or settlement can be classified as a town unless its population crosses 20,000 inhabitants. On the basis of population and other issues, the state government notifies a larger community (over 10,000) as a notified area, and its administration is under the locally elected notified area committee. A settlement over 20,000 population would be classified, with a charter from the state government as a town, with a town area committee. Some laws distinguish only towns and villages from each other, but by usage, settlement with larger populations, such as those having a municipal committee or municipal corporation would be called cities. The recent Census of India classified all settlements above 5000 population subject to some other rules as urban areas for the sake of census.In the Census of India 2001, the definition of urban area adopted is as follows: (a) All statutory places with a municipality, corporation, cantonment board or notified town area committee, etc. (b) A place satisfying the following three criteria simultaneously: i) a minimum population of 5,000; ii) at least 75 per cent of male working population engaged in non-agricultural pursuits; and iii) a density of population of at least 400 per km2. (1,000 per sq. mile).[4]
Iran[link]
In contemporary Persian texts, no distinction is made between "city" and "town"; both translate as "Shahr" (شهر). In older Persian texts (until the first half of the 20th century), the Arabic word "Qasabeh" (قصبه) was used for a town. However, in recent 50 years, this word has become obsolete.
There is a word in Persian which is used for special sort of satellite townships and city neighborhoods. It is Shahrak (شهرک), (lit.: small city). Another smaller type of town or neighborhood in a big city is called Kuy (کوی). Shahrak and Kuy each have their different legal definitions. Large cities such as Tehran, Mashhad, Isfahan, Tabriz, etc. which have millions of populations are referred to as Kalan-shahrکلانشهر (metropole).
The pace in which different large villages have gained city status in Iran shows a dramatic increase in the last two decades.
Bigger cities and towns usually are centers of a township (in Persian: Shahrestan (شهرستان). Shahrestan itself is a subdivision of Ostan استان (Province).
Latvia[link]
In Latvia, towns and cities are indiscriminately called pilsēta in singular form. The name is a contraction of two Latvian words: pils (castle) and sēta (fence), making it very obvious what is meant by the word - what is situated between the castle and the castle fence. However, a city can be called lielpilsēta in reference to its size. A village is called ciemats or ciems in Latvian.
Lithuania[link]
In Lithuania, towns are named miestelis or miestas. Cities are named didmiestis. Villages are named kaimas or vienkiemis.
Netherlands[link]
In the Netherlands, no distinction is made between "city" and "town"; both translate as "stad".
Before 1848 there was a legal distinction between stad and non-stad parts of the country, but the word no longer has any legal significance. About 220 places got "stadsrechten" (city rights) and are still so called for historical and traditional reasons, though the word is also used for large urban areas that never got such rights. For example, The Hague, the third largest settlement of the country, never received official city rights, but is undoubtedly regarded as a city. The contrastive word for a village as a smaller settlement is dorp.
New Zealand[link]
In New Zealand, a town is a built-up area that is not large enough to be considered a city. Historically, this definition corresponded to a population of between approximately 1,000 and 20,000. Towns have no independent legal existence, being administered simply as built-up parts of districts, or, in some cases, of cities.
New Zealand's towns vary greatly in size and importance, ranging from small rural service centres to significant regional centres such as Blenheim and Taupo. Typically, once a town reaches a population of somewhere between 20,000 and 30,000 people, it will begin to be informally regarded as a city. One who regards a settlement as too small to be a town will typically call it a "township" or "village."
Poland[link]
Main article: List of cities and towns in Poland
Similarly to Germany, in Poland there is no official distinction between a city and a town. The word for both is miasto (as distinct from a village or wieś). Town status is conferred by administrative decree – some settlements remain villages even though they have a larger population than many smaller towns.
Portugal[link]
Like other Iberian languages, in Portuguese there is a traditional distinction between towns — vilas — and cities — cidades. The difference is defined by law,[5] and a town must have:
- at least 3,000 inhabitants
- at least half of these services:
- health unit
- pharmacy
- cultural center
- public transportation network
- post office
- commercial food and drinking establishments
- primary school
- bank office
In special cases, some villages may be granted the status of town if they possess historical, cultural or architectonic importance.
The Portuguese urban settlements heraldry reflects the difference between towns and cities,[6] with the coat of arms of a town bearing a crown with 4 towers, while the coat of arms of a city bears a crown with 5 towers. This difference between towns and cities is still in use in other Portuguese speaking countries, but in Brazil is no longer in use.
Russia[link]
Main article: Types of inhabited localities in Russia
Unlike English, the Russian language does not distinguish the terms "city" and "town"—both are translated as "город" (gorod). Traditionally, the term "city" is applied to large metropolitan areas and the term "town"—to smaller urban localities. Occasionally the term is applied to urban-type settlements as well, even though the status of those is not the same as that of a city/town proper.
In Russia, the criteria an inhabited locality needs to meet in order to be granted city/town (gorod) status vary in different federal subjects. In general, to qualify for this status, an inhabited locality should have more than 12,000 inhabitants and the occupation of no less than 85% of inhabitants must be other than agriculture. However, inhabited localities which were previously granted the city/town status but no longer meet the criteria can still retain the status for historical reasons.
Sweden[link]
Before 1971, 132 larger municipalities in Sweden enjoyed special royal charters as stad (town) instead of kommun (which is similar to a US county). But since 1971 all municipalities are officially defined as kommun, thus making no legal difference between, for instance, Stockholm and a small countryside municipality. However, every urban area that was a stad before 1971 is still a called stad in daily speech, and since the 1980s, 14 of these municipalities market themselves as stad again, although it has no legal or administrative significance, as they still have refer to themselves as kommun in all legal documentation.
Today, Statistics Sweden defines a stad as an urban area of at least 10,000 inhabitants. In the Swedish language the term for a city is storstad (big town), but there is no clear definition as to when a stad should be called a storstad. Most Swedes would only call Stockholm, Gothenburg and Malmö storstäder, i.e. "cities".
Ukraine[link]
There is no difference in the Ukrainian language between the notions of "town" and "city". Both these words are translated into Ukrainian as "місто" (misto). The smallest population of a city of Ukraine can be about 10,000. Cities/towns should be distinguished from urban-type settlements ("селище міського типу", selyshche mis'koho typu; informally "містечко", mistechko), which, although urban in nature, do not have a city status. As a rule, the population of an urban-type settlement is between 2,000 and 10,000.
United Kingdom[link]
Main article: City status in the United Kingdom
England and Wales[link]
Main articles: List of urban areas in England by population and list of urban areas in Wales by population
In England and Wales, a town traditionally was a settlement which had a charter to hold a market or fair and therefore became a "market town". Market towns were distinguished from villages in that they were the economic hub of a surrounding area, and were usually larger and had more facilities.
In modern usage the term town is used either for old market towns, or for settlements which have a town council, or for settlements which elsewhere would be classed a city, but which do not have the legal right to call themselves such. Any parish council can decide to describe itself as a town council, but this will usually only apply to the smallest "towns" (because larger towns will be larger than a single civil parish).
Not all settlements which are commonly described as towns have a "Town Council" or "Borough Council". In fact, because of many successive changes to the structure of local government, there are now few large towns which are represented by a body closely related to their historic borough council. These days, a smaller town will usually be part of a local authority which covers several towns. And where a larger town is the seat of a local authority, the authority will usually cover a much wider area than the town itself (either a large rural hinterland, or several other, smaller towns).
Additionally, there are "new towns" which were created during the 20th century, such as Basildon, Redditch and Telford. Milton Keynes was designed to be a "new city" but legally it is still a town despite its size.
Some settlements which describe themselves as towns (e.g. Shipston-on-Stour, Warwickshire) are smaller than some large villages (e.g. Kidlington, Oxfordshire).
The status of a city is reserved for places that have Letters Patent entitling them to the name, historically associated with the possession of a cathedral. Some large municipalities (such as Northampton and Bournemouth) are legally boroughs but not cities, whereas some cities are quite small — such as Ely or St David's for instance.
It appears that a city may become a town, though perhaps only through administrative error: Rochester (Kent) has been a city for centuries but, when in 1998 the Medway district was created, a bureaucratic blunder meant that Rochester lost its official city status and is now technically a town.
It is often thought that towns with bishops' seats rank automatically as cities: however, Chelmsford was until recently a town despite being the seat of the diocese of Chelmsford. St Asaph, which is the seat of the diocese of St Asaph, also only recently became a city. In reality, the pre-qualification of having a cathedral of the established Church of England, and the formerly established Church in Wales or Church of Ireland, ceased to apply from 1888.
The word town can also be used as a general term for urban areas, including cities and in a few cases, districts within cities. In this usage, a city is a type of town; a large one, with a certain status. For example, Greater London is sometimes referred to colloquially as "London town". (The "City of London" is the historical nucleus, informally known as the "Square Mile", and is administratively separate from the rest of Greater London, while the City of Westminster is also technically a city and is also a London borough). Camden Town and Somers Town are districts of London, as New Town is a district of Edinburgh - actually the Georgian centre.
Scotland[link]
Main articles: List of burghs in Scotland and List of towns and cities in Scotland by population
A town in Scotland has no specific legal meaning and (especially in areas which were or are still Gaelic-speaking) can refer to a mere collection of buildings (e.g. a farm-town or in Scots ferm-toun), not all of which might be inhabited, or to an inhabited area of any size which is not otherwise described in terms such as city, burgh, etc. Many locations of greatly different size will be encountered with a name ending with -town, -ton, -toun etc. (or beginning with the Gaelic equivalent baile etc.).
A burgh (pronounced burruh) is the Scots' term for a town or a municipality. They were highly autonomous units of local government from at least the 12th century until their abolition in 1975, when a new regional structure of local government was introduced across the country. Usually based upon a town, they had a municipal corporation and certain rights, such as a degree of self-governance and representation in the sovereign Parliament of Scotland adjourned in 1707.
The term no longer describes units of local government although various claims are made from time to time that the legislation used was not competent to change the status of the Royal Burghs described below. The status is now chiefly ceremonial but various functions have been inherited by current Councils (e.g. the application of various endowments providing for public benefit) which might only apply within the area previously served by a burgh; in consequence a burgh can still exist (if only as a defined geographical area) and might still be signed as such by the current local authority. It should be noted that the word 'burgh' is generally not used as a synonym for 'town' or 'city' in everyday speech, but is reserved mostly for government and administrative purposes.
Historically, the most important burghs were royal burghs, followed by burghs of regality and burghs of barony. Some newer settlements were only designated as police burghs from the 19th century onward, a classification which also applies to most of the older burghs.
United States[link]
 |
This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2007) |
In the United States of America, the term "town" refers to an area of population distinct from others in some meaningful dimension, typically population or type of government. The characteristic that distinguishes a town from another type of populated place – a city, borough, village, or township, for example – can differ from state to state. In some states, a town is an incorporated municipality; that is, one with a charter received from the state, similar to a city (see incorporated town), while in others, a town is unincorporated. In some instances, the term "town" refers to a small incorporated municipality of less than 10,000 people, while in others a town can be significantly larger. Some states do not use the term "town" at all, while in others the term has no official meaning and is used informally to refer to a populated place, of any size, whether incorporated or unincorporated.
Since the use of the term varies considerably by state, individual usages are presented in the following sections:
Alabama[link]
In Alabama, the legal use of the terms "town" and "city" are based on population. A municipality with a population of 2,000 or more is a city, while less than 2,000 is a town (Code of Alabama 1975, Section 11-40-6). For legislative purposes, municipalities are divided into eight classes based on population. Class 8 includes all towns, plus cities with populations of less than 6,000 (Code of Alabama 1975, Section 11-40-12).
Arizona[link]
In Arizona, the terms "town" and "city" are largely interchangeable. A community may incorporate under either a town or a city organization with no regard to population or other restrictions according to Arizona law (see Arizona Revised Statutes, Title 9). Cities may function under slightly differing governmental systems, such as the option to organize a district system for city governments, but largely retain the same powers as towns. Arizona law also allows for the consolidation of neighboring towns and the unification of a city and a town, but makes no provision for the joining of two adjacent cities.
California[link]
In California, the words "town" and "city" are synonymous by law (see Cal. Govt. Code Secs. 34500-34504). There are two types of cities in California - charter and general law. Cities organized as charter cities derive their authority from a charter that they draft and file with the state, and which, among other things, states the municipality's name as "City of (Name)" or "Town of (Name)." Government Code Sections 34500-34504 applies to cities organized as general law cities, which differ from charter cities in that they do not have charters but instead operate with the powers conferred them by the pertinent sections of the Government Code. Like charter cities, general law cities may incorporate as "City of (Name)" or "Town of (Name)." Some cities change their minds as to how they want to be called. The sign in front of the municipal offices in Los Gatos, California, for example, reads "City of Los Gatos", but the words engraved on the building above the front entrance when the city hall was built read "Town of Los Gatos." There are also signs at the municipal corporation limit, some of which welcome visitors to the "City of Los Gatos" while older, adjacent signs welcome people to the "Town of Los Gatos." Meanwhile, the village does not exist in California as a municipal corporation. Instead, the word "town" is commonly used to indicate any unincorporated community that might otherwise be known as an unincorporated village. Additionally, some people may still use the word "town" as shorthand for "township", which is not an incorporated municipality but an administrative division of a county.
Hawaii[link]
The Hawaiian Island of Oahu has various communities that may be referred to as towns. However, the entire island is lumped as a single incorporated city, the City and County of Honolulu. The towns on Oahu are merely unincorporated census-designated places.
Illinois[link]
In Illinois, the word "town" has been used both to denote a subdivision of a county called a township,[7] and to denote a form of municipality similar to a village, in that it is generally governed by a president and trustees rather than a mayor.[8] Under the current Illinois Municipal Code, an incorporated or unincorporated town may choose to incorporate as a city or as a village, but other forms of incorporation are no longer allowed.[9]
Maryland[link]
While generally a "town" is usually considered a smaller entity than a city, legally they are exactly the same as far as Maryland law is concerned. With the exception of the Independent city of Baltimore (which is a special case), in Maryland, there is no difference between a "city" and a "town," it is simply part of the name that was chosen to designate an incorporated municipality. It's essentially the same as a corporate business entity choosing to have a name with "incorporated" or with "corporation", both terms mean the same thing.
Nevada[link]
In Nevada, a town has a form of government, but is not considered to be incorporated. It generally provides a limited range of services, such as land use planning and recreation, while leaving most services to the county. Many communities have found this "semi-incorporated" status attractive; the state has only 20 incorporated cities, and towns as large as Paradise (186,020 in 2000 Census), home of the Las Vegas Strip. Most county seats are also towns, not cities.
New England[link]
Main article: New England town
In the six New England states, a town is a municipality and a more important unit than the county. In Connecticut, Rhode Island and 7 out of 14 counties in Massachusetts, in fact, counties only exist as map divisions and have no legal functions; in the other three states, counties are primarily judicial districts, with other functions primarily in New Hampshire and Vermont. In all six, towns perform functions that in most states would be county functions. The defining feature of a New England town, as opposed to a city, is that a town meeting and a board of selectmen serve as the main form of government for a town, while cities are run by a mayor and a city council. For example, Brookline, Massachusetts is a town, even though it is fairly urban, because of its form of government.
New Jersey[link]
Main article: Town (New Jersey)
A Town in the context of New Jersey local government refers to one of five types and one of eleven forms of municipal government. While Town is often used as a shorthand to refer to a Township, the two are not the same. The Town Act of 1895 allowed any municipality or area with a population exceeding 5,000 to become a Town through a petition and referendum process. Under the 1895 Act, a newly incorporated town was divided into at least three wards, with two councilmen per ward serving staggered two year terms, and one councilman at large, who also served a two year term. The councilman at large served as chairman of the town council. The Town Act of 1988 completely revised the Town form of government and applied to all towns incorporated under the Town Act of 1895 and to those incorporated by a special charter granted by the Legislature prior to 1875. Under the 1988 Act, the mayor is also the councilman at large, serving a term of two years, unless increased to three years by a petition and referendum process. The Council under the Town Act of 1988 consists of eight members serving staggered two-year terms with two elected from each of four wards. One councilman from each ward is up for election each year. Towns with different structures predating the 1988 Act may retain those features unless changed by a petition and referendum process. Two new provisions were added in 1991 to the statutes governing towns, First, a petition and referendum process was created whereby the voters can require that the mayor and town council be elected to four-year terms of office. The second new provision defines the election procedure in towns with wards. The mayor in a town chairs the town council and heads the municipal government. The mayor may both vote on legislation before council and veto ordinances. A veto may be overridden by a vote of two-thirds of all the members of the council. The council may enact an ordinance to delegate all or a portion of the executive responsibilities of the town to a municipal administrator. Fifteen New Jersey municipalities currently have a type of Town, nine of which operate under the town form of government.
New York[link]
Main article: Administrative divisions of New York#Town
In New York, a town is similarly a division of the county, but with less importance than in New England. Of some importance is the fact that, in New York, a town provides a closer level of governance than its enclosing county, providing almost all municipal services to unincorporated areas, called hamlets, and selected services to incorporated areas, called villages. In New York, a town typically contains a number of such hamlets and villages. However, due to their independent nature, incorporated villages may exist in two towns or even two counties. Everyone in New York who does not live in an Indian reservation or a city lives in a town and possibly in one of the town's hamlets or villages. (Some other states have similar entities called townships.) In New York, "town" is essentially short for "township."
North Carolina[link]
In North Carolina, all cities, towns, and villages are incorporated as municipalities. According to the North Carolina League of Municipalities,[10] there is no legal distinction between a city, town, or village—it is a matter of preference of the local government. Some North Carolina cities have populations as small as 1,000 residents, while some towns, such as Cary, have populations of greater than 100,000.
Pennsylvania[link]
In Pennsylvania, there is only one municipality which is incorporated as a "town": Bloomsburg. Most of the rest of the state is incorporated as townships (there are also boroughs and cities), which function in much the same way as the towns of New York or New England, although they may have different forms of government.
Utah[link]
See also: List of cities and towns in Utah
In Utah, the legal use of the terms "town" and "city" is based on population. A municipality with a population of 1,000 or more is a city, while less than 1,000 is a town. In addition, cities are divided into five separate classes based on population.[11] Utah code governing the requirements for cities and town including the requirements for each separate class of city can be found at the Utah Legislature website.
Virginia[link]
In Virginia, a town is an incorporated municipality similar to a city (though with a smaller required minimum population). But while cities are by Virginia law independent of counties, towns are contained within counties.[12]
Wyoming[link]
Wyoming statute indicates towns are incorporated municipalities with populations of less than 4,000. Municipalities of 4,000 or more residents are considered "first-class cities."
According to 2006-2008 United States Census estimates, the Hempstead, New York (the westernmost town in Long Island, New York) is the largest town in the United States, with a population of almost 780,000 people,[13] making it larger than the cities of Boston or Seattle.
See also[link]
Notes[link]
- ^ Goodall, B. (1987) The Penguin Dictionary of Human Geography. London: Penguin.
- ^ "Byopgørelsen pr. 1. januar - Varedeklaration - Danmarks Statistik". Dst.dk. 2005-03-22. http://www.dst.dk/Vejviser/dokumentation/Varedeklarationer/emnegruppe/emne.aspx?sysrid=000766. Retrieved 2010-08-06.
- ^ Universität Dortmund: Kleine und mittlere Städte - Blaupausen der Großstadt?, Dokumentation des Expertenkolloquiums am 29. April 2004 in Dortmund
- ^ "Indian Census". Censusindia.gov.in. http://www.censusindia.gov.in/. Retrieved 2010-08-06.
- ^ "Law n.º 11/82 (Lei das designações e determinação de categoria das povoações), of June, 2nd" (PDF). http://www.povt.qren.pt/tempfiles/20080213151143moptc.pdf. Retrieved 2010-08-06.
- ^ "Flags of the World". Crwflags.com. http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/pt-_m.html#rules. Retrieved 2010-08-06.
- ^ See the Township Code, 60 ILCS 1 et seq.
- ^ See Phillips v. Town of Scales Mound, 195 Ill. 353, 357, 63 N.E. 180 (1902)
- ^ See generally Article 2 of the Illinois Municipal Code, 65 ILCS 5/2‑1‑1 et seq.
- ^ North Carolina League of Municipalities: How Municipalities Work. Web page. Accessed February 14, 2012. http://www.nclm.org/resource-center/Pages/How-Municipalities-Work.aspx
- ^ "Utah Code, Title 10, Chapter 2, Section 301". Utah State Legislature. http://le.utah.gov/~code/TITLE10/htm/10_02_030100.htm. Retrieved May 11, 2010.
- ^ Charles A. Grymes. "County vs. Town vs. City in Virginia". http://virginiaplaces.org/vagupnova/countytowncity.html. Retrieved 2011-05-31. "Cities own and maintain their roads, while Virginia counties (except for Arlington and Henrico) rely upon VDOT for road maintenance. Cities get a fixed allocation of state funding for building and maintaining those roads, while counties must compete with each other and other VDOT priorities for a substantial portion of their road budget. Cities have been granted more authorities, such as the right of city councils to issue bonds to build roads without a voter referendum (counties must get voter approval in a referendum before issuing road bonds)... In Virginia, towns have distinct boundaries, established by the General Assembly or by courts guided by laws passed by the legislature. Towns are *not* independent from counties; residents of towns are still residents of the county in which the town is located. For example, residents of the four towns of Haymarket, Quantico, Dumfries, and Occoquan are also residents of Prince William County. They pay both town and county property taxes, and town residents get to vote for a town council/mayor."
- ^ "Hempstead, Nassau county, New York" U.S. Census Fact Sheet
References[link]
External links[link]
 |
Look up town in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. |
- Open-Site Regional — Contains information about towns in numerous countries.
- Geopolis : research group, university of Paris-Diderot, France — Access to Geopolis Database
http://wn.com/Town
Related pages:
http://es.wn.com/Villa (población)
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Town
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Scotty McCreery | |
|---|---|
 Scotty McCreery performing in June 2011 |
|
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Scott Cooke McCreery |
| Born | (1993-10-09) October 9, 1993 (age 18) Garner, North Carolina, U.S. |
| Genres | Country |
| Occupations | Singer |
| Instruments | Vocals, guitar, piano |
| Years active | 2011–present |
| Labels | 19/Interscope/Mercury Nashville[1] |
| Website | Official Site |
Scott Cooke "Scotty" McCreery (born October 9, 1993) is an American singer from Garner, North Carolina. He won the tenth season of American Idol on May 25, 2011. His debut studio album, Clear as Day, was released in October 2011 and was certified platinum in the United States. The album includes the top 20 country songs, "I Love You This Big" and "The Trouble with Girls".
Contents |
Early life[link]
McCreery was born in 1993 to Judy (née Cooke) and Michael McCreery in Garner, North Carolina.[2][3] His mother works as a real estate agent,[4] and his father works as a manufacturing systems analyst.[5] His father was born in Aguadilla, Puerto Rico to a Puerto Rican mother from San Juan and an American father.[6] His mother is the daughter of a retired school teacher from Gates County, NC. He attended Timber Drive Elementary School in Garner,[5] and later West Lake Middle School where he sang at his graduation. He also attended Garner Magnet High School[7] where he joined a vocal ensemble, Die Meistersingers, that performs across the United States.[8] He started out singing tenor.
McCreery won a singing contest called "Clayton Idol" at the Clayton Harvest Festival in Clayton, North Carolina,[9] and was one of 36 finalists in a "Rip the Hallways" contest featuring teenage vocalists in North Carolina.[10] He has performed at various local events.[11] He also attended Caswell Youth Retreat in the summer of 2009, and participated in the talent show there singing Long Black Train by Josh Turner.[12]
[edit] American Idol
Overview[link]
McCreery auditioned for the tenth season of American Idol in Milwaukee. In the Hollywood group round, he joined the "Guaps" and became embroiled in the drama when fellow group member Clint Jun Gamboa expelled Jacee Badeaux from the group. He later expressed regret for not standing up for Jacee. He was one of the five male vote getters in the semi-final round to advance to the Top 13. In an interview with Ryan Seacrest, McCreery confirmed that he has Puerto Rican ancestry. "Yes, I'm Puerto Rican," said McCreery with a smile. "I have a little bit of J.Lo in me."[13]
Performances/Results[link]
| Episode | Theme | Song choice | Original artist | Order # | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Audition | Auditioner's Choice | "Your Man" | Josh Turner | N/A | Advanced |
| "Put Some Drive in Your Country" | Travis Tritt | ||||
| Hollywood Round, Part 1 | First Solo | "Your Man" | Josh Turner | N/A | Advanced |
| Hollywood Round, Part 2 | Group Performance | "Get Ready" | The Temptations | N/A | Advanced |
| Hollywood Round, Part 3 | Second Solo | "I Hope You Dance" | Lee Ann Womack | N/A | Advanced |
| Las Vegas Round | Songs of The Beatles Group Performance |
"Hello, Goodbye" | The Beatles | N/A | Advanced |
| Hollywood Round Final | Final Solo | "Long Black Train" | Josh Turner | N/A | Advanced |
| Top 24 (12 Men) | Personal Choice | "Letters from Home" | John Michael Montgomery | 8 | Advanced |
| Top 13 | Your Personal Idol | "The River" | Garth Brooks | 12 | Safe |
| Top 12 | Year You Were Born | "Can I Trust You with My Heart" | Travis Tritt | 8 | Safe |
| Top 11 | Motown | "For Once in My Life" | Stevie Wonder | 7 | Safe |
| Top 111 | Elton John | "Country Comfort" | Elton John | 1 | Safe |
| Top 9 | Rock & Roll Hall of Fame | "That's All Right" | Arthur Crudup | 6 | Safe |
| Top 8 | Songs from the Movies | "I Cross My Heart" — Pure Country | George Strait | 4 | Safe |
| Top 7 | Songs from the 21st Century | "Swingin'" | John Anderson | 1 | Safe |
| Top 6 | Carole King | Solo "You've Got a Friend" | Carole King | 4 | Safe |
| Duet "Up on the Roof" with Lauren Alaina | The Drifters | 6 | |||
| Top 5 | Songs from Now and Then | "Gone" | Montgomery Gentry | 4 | Safe |
| "Always on My Mind" | Brenda Lee | 9 | |||
| Top 4 | Songs That Inspire | "Where Were You (When the World Stopped Turning)" | Alan Jackson | 3 | Safe |
| Leiber & Stoller Songbook | "Young Blood" | The Coasters | 6 | ||
| Top 3 | Contestant's Choice | "Amazed" | Lonestar | 1 | Safe |
| Jimmy Iovine's Choice | "Are You Gonna Kiss Me or Not" | Thompson Square | 4 | ||
| Judges' Choice | "She Believes in Me" | Kenny Rogers | 7 | ||
| Finale | Favorite Performance | "Gone" | Montgomery Gentry | 1 | Winner |
| George Strait's Choice | "Check Yes or No" | George Strait | 3 | ||
| Coronation Song | "I Love You This Big" | Scotty McCreery | 5 |
- ^Note 1 Due to the judges using their one save on Casey Abrams, the Top 11 remained intact for another week, when two contestants were eliminated.
[edit] Post-Idol
McCreery released his coronation single "I Love You This Big" immediately after winning the tenth season of American Idol. The song entered the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart at number 32, becoming the highest debut for a debut single since the chart converted to BDS data the week of January 20, 1990.[14] The song sold 171,404 units in its first week,[15] and was certified gold on August 25, 2011. A music video for the song, shot on Angels Point near Dodger Stadium, was released on August 9, 2011.[16][17]
He signed with Mercury Nashville,[18] earning a contract that gave him over $250,000 in advances for recording the first album.[19]
Both McCreery and Lauren Alaina were invited to present at the CMT Music Awards on June 8, 2011,[20] and they also both performed on the Grand Ole Opry on June 10.[21][22] McCreery performed "I Love You This Big" and George Strait's song "Check Yes or No." [23] Their trip to Nashville was also featured later in an ABC Special CMA Music Fest: Country’s Night to Rock where McCreery performed "Your Man" with Josh Turner at the CMA Music Festival.[24]
McCreery toured with the American Idols LIVE! Tour 2011, which began in West Valley City, Utah on July 6, 2011 and ended in Manila,Philippines on September 21, 2011.
GAC premiered a TV special, Introducing: Scotty McCreery, on October 3, 2011, the day before his debut album is expected to be released.[25]
On October 19, 2011, McCreery sang the National Anthem in Game 1 of the World Series between the St. Louis Cardinals and Texas Rangers at Busch Stadium in St. Louis, Missouri.
On November 9, 2011, McCreery performed "Walk in the Country" and announced the CMA Radio Stations of the Year honors at the 45th Annual Country Music Association Awards [26]
On November 10, 2011, McCreery joined other country stars in Nashville to tape the CMA Country Christmas special that aired on ABC on December 1.[27]
On Thanksgiving day of 2011, McCreery performed his second single The Trouble with Girls at the 85th Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade in New York City then headlined the Macy’s Great Tree Lighting at Lenox Square Mall in Atlanta in the evening.[28]
McCreery performed his second single at the 2nd Annual American Country Awards [29] on December 5, 2011 and won in the New Artist category [29][30]
McCreery performed "The First Noel" during the first annual CMA Country Christmas.[31]
McCreery performed on the Disney Parks Christmas Day Parade at Walt Disney World on December 25, 2011.[32]
In 2012, he opened for Brad Paisley along with The Band Perry. The tour kicked off on January 12 with tour dates announced for the first quarter of 2012.[33]
[edit] Clear as Day (2011)
McCreery's first album, titled Clear as Day, was released on October 4, 2011.[34] Tracks from the album include a song from Keith Urban,[35] and the title track "Clear as Day".[36] A single from this album, "The Trouble With Girls" was premiered on radio on August 30, 2011,[37][38] and released onto iTunes on September 1, 2011. An exclusive pre-order package on the album was offered in his website on August 8, 2011.[39] He is the first artist to be featured in Deluxe Edition Of 'ZinePak available exclusively at Walmart.[40]
The album sold 197,000 on its debut week, and Scotty McCreery made history as the first country act to debut at No. 1 on Billboard 200 with their first studio album, as well as the youngest man to open at the top of the chart with his debut release.[41] It reached No. 1 on five separate Billboard charts - Billboard 200, Top Current Albums, Digital Albums, Internet Albums, and Top Country Albums.
McCreery's appearance on Today on November 23, 2011 coincided with the news that his debut album Clear as Day had been officially certified as gold.[42]
Clear as Day was certified platinum with over 1 million units shipped.[43]
With McCreery's debut album Clear as Day reaching number one on the Billboard 200, he joins Kelly Clarkson, Ruben Studdard, Clay Aiken, Carrie Underwood and Chris Daughtry (Daughtry) as the only Idol contestants to have a number one album.
McCreery recorded Tim McGraw's "Please Remember Me" and it was released on March 8, 2012. Also, it is used as the exit song on the eleventh season of American Idol.[44]
Discography[link]
Albums[link]
Studio albums[link]
| Title | Details | Peak chart positions | Certifications |
Sales | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| US Country | US | CAN | NZ [45] |
||||
| Clear as Day |
|
1 | 1 | 4 | 33 |
|
|
Compilation albums[link]
| Title | Details | Peak chart positions | Sales | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| US Country | US [48] |
US Indie | CAN | |||
| American Idol Season 10: Scotty McCreery |
|
3 | 12 | 3 | 25 |
|
Extended plays[link]
| Title | Details | Peak chart positions | Sales | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| US Country | US [50] |
CAN | |||
| American Idol Season 10 Highlights: Scotty McCreery |
|
2 | 10 | 26 |
|
Singles[link]
| Year | Single | Peak chart positions | Sales | Certifications | Album | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| US Country [52][53] |
US [54][55] |
CAN | |||||
| 2011 | "I Love You This Big" | 15 | 11 | 21 |
|
Clear as Day | |
| "The Trouble with Girls" | 17 | 55 | — |
|
|
||
| 2012 | "Water Tower Town"A | 46 |
|
||||
- ACurrent single.[61]
Other songs[link]
| Year | Single | Sales |
|---|---|---|
| 2012 | "Please Remember Me" |
|
Music videos[link]
| Year | Video | Director |
|---|---|---|
| 2011 | "I Love You This Big"[63] | Shane Drake |
| "The Trouble with Girls"[64] | Roman White |
Personal life[link]
McCreery is a professed Christian.[65][66][67]
McCreery will soon be attending North Carolina State University in Raleigh, North Carolina.[68]
Awards and nominations[link]
| Year | Association | Category | Result |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2011 | Teen Choice Awards 2011 | Choice Music: Breakout Artist | Nominated |
| American Country Awards | Artist of the Year: New Artist | Won | |
| 2012 | Academy of Country Music Awards | Best New Artist | Won |
| Billboard Music Awards | Top New Artist | Nominated | |
| Top Country Album | Nominated | ||
| CMT Music Awards | USA Breakthrough Video of the Year | Pending | |
| MusicRow Awards | Breakthrough Artist | Pending | |
| Teen Choice Awards 2012 | Choice Male Country | Pending | |
| Choice TV: Male Reality Star (American Idol) | Pending |
References[link]
- ^ "Billboard Country Update 5/31/2011". Billboard. May 31, 2011. http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/billboardbiz/photos/pdf/country_update_0531.pdf. Retrieved June 1, 2011.
- ^ "Could He Be The Next American Idol?". The Pilot. February 16, 2011. http://thepilot.www.clients.ellingtoncms.com/news/2011/feb/16/could-he-be-the-next-american-idol/. Retrieved April 16, 2011.
- ^ "Best Scotty Story". WRAL.com. http://www.wral.com/lifestyles/travel/blogpost/9622991/. Retrieved 2011-12-27.
- ^ "Scotty McCreery: Our Very Own American Idol". Fonville Morisey. March 4, 2011. http://blog.fmrealty.com/2011/03/04/scotty-mccreery-our-very-own-american-idol/. Retrieved April 16, 2011.
- ^ a b Everyone in Garner sings Scotty's praise
- ^ "EXCLUSIVE: Idol Front Runner Scotty McCreery Tells Us What He Has in Common and who With J.Lo". Latina magazine, via YouTube. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5XKbTTdwNww. Retrieved April 2, 2011.
- ^ "McCreery moves onto top 40, will find out fate tonight". Garner News. February 25, 2011. http://www.garnernews.net/view/full_story/11597412/article-McCreery-moves-onto-top-40--will-find-out-fate-tonight?instance=home_news_lead. Retrieved March 12, 2011.
- ^ "Scotty McCreery skips baseball for American Idol". Maxpreps. March 14, 2011. http://www.maxpreps.com/news/7emrwEzdEeCkhgAcxJSkrA/scotty-mccreery-skips-baseball-for-american-idol.htm. Retrieved March 14, 2011.
- ^ "Deejays recall Garner 'Idol' contestant's early days". WRAL.com. March O1, 2011. http://www.wral.com/entertainment/story/9197593/. Retrieved March 12, 2011.
- ^ "Garner teen to compete in high school icon competition". GarnerCitizen.com. November 29, 2009. http://www.garnercitizen.com/2009/11/20/garner-teen-to-compete-in-high-school-icon-competition/. Retrieved March 12, 2013.
- ^ "Garner’s Scotty McCreery takes run at ‘American Idol’". GarnerCitizen.com. January 17, 2011. http://www.garnercitizen.com/2011/01/17/garners-scott-mccreery-may-be-american-idol-contestant/. Retrieved March 12, 2011.
- ^ "American Idol Finalists, Lauren Alaina and Scotty McCreery, Credit God « Oracle News". Theoraclemagnews.wordpress.com. 2011-07-06. http://theoraclemagnews.wordpress.com/2011/05/25/american-idol-finalists-lauren-alaina-and-scotty-mccreery-credit-god/. Retrieved 2011-12-27.
- ^ American Idol: Scotty McCreey Called "True Artist" by Jennifer Lopez, Confirms Puerto Rican Heritage
- ^ Scotty McCreery Makes Historic Start, Lauren Alaina Bows On Country Songs
- ^ "Scotty McCreery Makes History With Debut Single, "I Love You This Big"". PR Newswire. June 3, 2011. http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/scotty-mccreery-makes-history-with-debut-single-i-love-you-this-big-123094363.html. Retrieved June 3, 2011.
- ^ 'American Idol' Winner Scotty McCreery Releases Debut Video
- ^ American Idol Winner Scotty McCreery’s Music Video for “I Love You This Big”
- ^ "'American Idol': Scotty McCreery and Lauren Alaina sign with Mercury Nashville". zap2it. June 1, 2011. http://blog.zap2it.com/frominsidethebox/2011/06/american-idol-scotty-mccreery-and-lauren-alaina-sign-with-mercury-nashville.html. Retrieved June 1, 2011.
- ^ "'American Idol' Draft Contracts Reveal Big Paydays for Scotty McCreery, Lauren Alaina". Associated Press. May 26, 2011. http://www.billboard.biz/bbbiz/industry/legal-and-management/american-idol-draft-contracts-reveal-big-1005205202.story. Retrieved June 1, 2011.
- ^ Scotty McCreery, Lauren Alaina pretty much everywhere at CMA Music Fest
- ^ American Idol Winner Scotty McCreery and Runner-Up Lauren Alaina Make Their Grand Ole Opry Debuts
- ^ Scotty McCreery Books Opry, Leno, Good Morning America
- ^ Scotty McCreery & Lauren Alaina: Grand Ole Opry Performances
- ^ Lauren Alaina, Scotty McCreery Steal the Show at CMA Music Fest
- ^ Scotty McCreery Already Getting a GAC TV Special
- ^ "Scotty McCreery Thanks Radio After Singing ‘Walk in the Country’ at 2011 CMA Awards". Tasteofcountry.com. 2011-11-09. http://tasteofcountry.com/scotty-mccreery-walk-in-the-country-2011-cma-awards. Retrieved 2011-12-27.
- ^ "‘CMA Country Christmas’ Preview: Faith Hill, Scotty McCreery + More Perform". Tasteofcountry.com. 2011-11-11. http://tasteofcountry.com/cma-country-christmas-pictures. Retrieved 2011-12-27.
- ^ Posted by countrymusicrocks at 10:24 am (2011-11-24). "Scotty McCreery To Headline Macy's Annual Lenox Square Christmas Tree Lighting". Country Music Rocks. http://www.countrymusicrocks.net/2011/11/scotty-mccreery-to-headline-macys-annual-lenox-square-christmas-tree-lighting.html. Retrieved 2011-12-27.
- ^ a b "Alabama To Be Honored At American Country Awards With 'Greatest Hits Award' |". Allaccess.com. 2011-11-22. http://www.allaccess.com/net-news/archive/story/99381/alabama-to-be-honored-at-american-country-awards-w. Retrieved 2011-12-27.
- ^ "The second annual AMERICAN COUNTRY AWARDS on FOX - News, Press". Theacas.com. 2011-12-05. http://theacas.com/news.aspx. Retrieved 2011-12-27.
- ^ "Thursday Final Ratings: No Adjustment for ‘Community,’ ‘Bones’ or Any Thursday Original - Ratings | TVbytheNumbers". Tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com. http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2011/12/02/thursday-final-ratings-no-adjustment-for-community-bones-or-any-thursday-original/112501/. Retrieved 2011-12-27.
- ^ "Scotty McCreery Tapes Disney Parks Christmas Day Parade Segment". Tasteofcountry.com. http://tasteofcountry.com/scotty-mccreery-tapes-disney-christmas-day-parade-segment/. Retrieved 2011-12-27.
- ^ Oct192011 (1999-02-22). "Brad Paisley Announces 2012 World Tour-Country Music Is Love". Countrymusicislove.com. http://www.countrymusicislove.com/2011/10/brad-paisley-announces-2012-world-tour.html. Retrieved 2011-12-27.
- ^ Scotty McCreery and Lauren Alaina Announce Release Date and Title of New Albums
- ^ Staying country strong
- ^ Scotty McCreery’s ‘Clear As Day’ Demo Reportedly Discovered Online
- ^ Scotty McCreery Releases New Single
- ^ On October 1, 2011, McCrerry filmed music video for "The Trouble with Girl" at his high school in his hometown of Garner, North Carolina. Scotty McCreery debuts new single, 'The Trouble With Girls'
- ^ Scotty McCreery to Premiere Debut Music Video Next Week
- ^ 29 September 2011 (2011-09-29). "Scotty McCreery is the First Artist to Be Featured in Deluxe Edition of 'ZinePak". Rough Dog. http://www.roughdog.com/2011/09/29/scotty-mccreery-is-the-first-artist-to-be-featured-in-deluxe-edition-of-zinepak/. Retrieved 2011-12-27.
- ^ 'American Idol' winner Scotty McCreery Makes History At No. 1 On Billboard 200
- ^ Published Wednesday, Nov 23 2011, 17:50 GMT (2011-11-23). "'American Idol' Scotty McCreery still deciding on college plans - American Idol News - Showbiz". Digital Spy. http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/showbiz/s91/american-idol/news/a352589/american-idol-scotty-mccreery-still-deciding-on-college-plans.html. Retrieved 2011-12-27.
- ^ "Scotty McCreery's album goes platinum". Content.usatoday.com. 2012-01-10. http://content.usatoday.com/communities/idolchatter/post/2012/01/scotty-mccreery-platinum/1. Retrieved 2012-01-19.
- ^ 03/07/2012. "Scotty McCreery - American Idol 11 Exit Song "Please Remember Me" (Snip)". Mjsbigblog.com. http://www.mjsbigblog.com/scotty-mccreery-sings-american-idol-11-exit-song-please-remember-me-snip.htm. Retrieved 2012-03-26.
- ^ "Discography Scotty McCreery". charts.org.nz. Recording Industry Association of New Zealand. http://charts.org.nz/showinterpret.asp?interpret=Scotty+McCreery. Retrieved December 7, 2011.
- ^ "American album certifications – Scotty McCreery – Clear as Day". Recording Industry Association of America. http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?artist=%22Clear+as+Day%22. If necessary, click Advanced, then click Format, then select Album, then click SEARCH
- ^ Mansfield, Brian (2012-05-30). "Haley Reinhart, Kris Allen albums make their chart debuts". Idol Chatter (USA Today). http://content.usatoday.com/communities/idolchatter/post/2012/05/haley-reinhart-kris-allen-albums-make-their-chart-debuts/1. Retrieved May 30, 2012.
- ^ Lady Gaga sells 1.1 million; Scotty McCreery debuts at No. 12
- ^ Mansfield, Brian (2011-10-12). "Scotty McCreery makes a No. 1 Billboard debut". Idol Chatter. USA Today. http://content.usatoday.com/communities/idolchatter/post/2011/10/scotty-mccreery-number-one-billboard/1. Retrieved October 12, 2011.
- ^ Idol Chatter 07-06-2011
- ^ "BILLBOARD BLAST: TOP 200 BEST SELLING US ALBUMS OF 2011". This Goes In. 2012-01-05. http://www.thisgoesin.com/billboard-blast-top-200-best-selling-us-albums-of-2011. Retrieved January 12, 2012.
- ^ "Scotty McCreery Makes Historic Start, Lauren Alaina Bows On Country Songs". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. http://www.billboard.com/#/column/chartbeat/scotty-mccreery-makes-historic-start-lauren-1005207362.story. Retrieved May 30, 2011.
- ^ "Chart Highlights: Kelly Clarkson Debuts on Adult Pop Songs". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. http://www.billboard.com/#/column/chartbeat/chart-highlights-kelly-clarkson-debuts-on-1005338812.story. Retrieved September 5, 2011.
- ^ "'Idols' Scotty McCreery & Lauren Alaina Top Hot 100 Debuts, Adele Still No. 1". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. http://www.billboard.com/#/news/idols-scotty-mccreery-lauren-alaina-top-1005211922.story. Retrieved June 1, 2011.
- ^ Kelly Clarkson's 'Know It All' Debuts on Hot 100, Rihanna's 'Cheers' Rises
- ^ Mansfield, Brian (2012-02-22). "Kelly Clarkson rules 'Idol' track sales". Idol Chatter. USA Today. http://content.usatoday.com/communities/idolchatter/post/2012/02/kelly-clarkson-track-sales-idol/1. Retrieved February 22, 2012.
- ^ "American single certifications – Scotty McCreery – I Love You This Big". Recording Industry Association of America. http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?artist=%22I+Love+You+This+Big%22. If necessary, click Advanced, then click Format, then select Single, then click SEARCH
- ^ Mansfield, Brian (2012-04-25). "'Idol' downloads: Clarkson, Underwood, Lambert". Idol Chatter. USA Today. http://content.usatoday.com/communities/idolchatter/post/2012/04/idol-downloads-clarkson-underwood-lambert/1. Retrieved April 25, 2012.
- ^ "American single certifications – Scotty McCreery – The Trouble with Girls". Recording Industry Association of America. http://www.riaa.com/goldandplatinumdata.php?artist=%22The+Trouble+with+Girls%22. If necessary, click Advanced, then click Format, then select Single, then click SEARCH
- ^ Mansfield, Brian (2012-04-11). "'Idol' track sales: Kelly Clarkson and more". Idol Chatter. USA Today. http://content.usatoday.com/communities/idolchatter/post/2012/04/idol-track-sales-kelly-clarkson-and-more/1. Retrieved April 11, 2012.
- ^ "Single Releases". MusicRow. http://www.musicrow.com/calendars-2/single-releases/. Retrieved March 27, 2012.
- ^ http://content.usatoday.com/communities/idolchatter/post/2012/05/phillip-phillips-home-sales/1#.T8bjhdVYuvk
- ^ "CMT : Videos : Scotty McCreery : I Love You This Big". Country Music Television. http://www.cmt.com/videos/scotty-mccreery/679477/i-love-you-this-big.jhtml. Retrieved August 9, 2011.
- ^ "The Trouble With Girls - Scotty McCreery | Music Video | VEVO". VEVO. http://www.vevo.com/watch/scotty-mccreery/the-trouble-with-girls/GBE431100079. Retrieved October 25, 2011.
- ^ "McCreery, Alaina Talk Music, Faith With Rolling Stone, Christian News". Christianpost.com. 2011-06-08. http://www.christianpost.com/news/mccreery-alaina-talk-music-faith-with-rolling-stone-50993/. Retrieved 2011-12-27.
- ^ "Scotty McCreery Wants Faith To Be A Part Of His Album « Nashville Music Scene". Nashville.com. http://www.nashville.com/music/2011/06/scotty-mccreery-wants-faith-to-be-a-part-of-his-album/. Retrieved 2011-12-27.
- ^ "Account Suspended". Scottymccreeryfanpage.com. http://www.scottymccreeryfanpage.com/?p=650. Retrieved 2011-12-27.
- ^ "Scotty McCreery to Attend North Carolina State University". http://tasteofcountry.com/scotty-mccreery-to-attend-north-carolina-state-university/.
External links[link]
- Official Site on Scotty McCreery
- Scotty McCreery on American Idol
- Scotty McCreery on IMDb.com
| Preceded by Lee DeWyze |
American Idol winner 2011 |
Succeeded by Phillip Phillips |
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | McCreery, Scotty |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | Singer |
| Date of birth | October 9, 1993 |
| Place of birth | Garner, North Carolina, United States |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Scotty_McCreery
Related pages:
http://es.wn.com/Scotty McCreery
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotty_McCreery
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
|
|
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (January 2011) |
| White Town | |
|---|---|
| Origin | Derby, England |
| Genres | Alternative dance, alternative rock, electronica, indie pop[1] |
| Occupations | Musician |
| Years active | 1989–present |
| Labels | Satya Records Parasol EMI Chrysalis Elefant Bzangy Records |
| Website | http://www.whitetown.co.uk |
| Members | |
| Jyoti Mishra and Puffhandy | |
White Town is a British musical act and is the work of one man, Jyoti Prakash Mishra.[2]
Contents |
Career[link]
Mishra was born in Rourkela, Orissa, India on 30 July 1966 and has lived in England since the age of three. White Town is often regarded as a one-hit wonder for its 1997 song "Your Woman", which reached #1 in the UK Singles Chart in January of that year,[2] and #23 in the U.S. Billboard Hot 100.
"Your Woman" is a reworking of the 1932 Bing Crosby song "My Woman", composed by Crosby (lyrics), Irving Wallman, and Max Wartell (music and lyrics). Al Bowlly, who was a vocalist in the Ray Noble Orchestra, recorded a version of "My Woman" on 29 November 1932 with the Lew Stone and the Monseigneur Band in London. The Bowlly version was featured in the Pennies from Heaven film and soundtrack, and it was this version that White Town sampled for "Your Woman".
White Town was formed by Mishra in 1989 after he saw Pixies play. Initially there were other members on guitar, bass and drums playing support gigs for various bands including Primal Scream. In 1990 he released his first self financed record, White Town EP, on 7" vinyl. This featured Nick Glyn-Davis on drums and Sean Deegan on bass with Mishra on guitar and vocals. Glyn-Davis left and was replaced live by a drum machine and Leon Wilson on guitar. The rest of the band drifted away in Autumn 1990 and from then on Mishra mainly worked on his own, using other musicians to record with, including Gary Thatcher on guitar of the Derby band The Beekeepers.
Mishra, a straight edger and ex-Marxist, often incorporates political concerns in his songs veiled in terms of personal relationships.[citation needed] After a troubled working relationship with EMI, Mishra was dropped from the label in 1997. Since then, he has gone back to working with indie labels such as Parasol Records. His album, 2000's Peek & Poke, received moderately enthusiastic reviews but sold poorly compared to his major label work.[citation needed]
In 2005, White Town contributed the song "The PNAC Cabal" to the charity album, Voyces United for UNHCR.
A New Surprise EP was released in September 2006 by the Swedish indie label Heavenly Pop Hits, and was followed up by the album Don't Mention the War, which launched Mishra's own Bzangy Records label. Mishra currently lives in Derby.
Discography[link]
Albums[link]
| Year | Information | Chart positions | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| U.K. | U.S. | U.S. Heat seekers | ||
| 1994 | Socialism, Sexism & Sexuality
|
— | — | — |
| 1997 | Women in Technology
|
— | 84 | 4 |
| 2000 | Peek & Poke
|
— | — | — |
| 2006 | Don't Mention the War
|
— | — | — |
| 2011 | Monopole
|
— | — | — |
Extended plays[link]
| Year | Information |
|---|---|
| 1990 | White Town
|
| 1991 | Alain Delon
|
| 1992 | Bewitched
|
Fairweather Friend
|
|
| 1996 | >Abort, Retry, Fail?_
|
Singles[link]
| Year | Title | Label | Chart positions | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UK[2] | AUS | CAN | IRL | NZ | U.S. | |||
| 1990 | "Darley Abbey" | Biscuit | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 1991 | "All She Said" | Parasol | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 1997 | "Your Woman" | Chrysalis/EMI | 1 | 2 | 13 | 5 | 5 | 23 |
| "Undressed" | 57 | – | – | – | – | – | ||
| 1998 | "Another Lover" | Parasol | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| 2006 | "A New Surprise" | Heavenly Pop Hits | – | – | – | – | – | – |
References[link]
- ^ White Town at Allmusic
- ^ a b c Roberts, David (2006). British Hit Singles & Albums (19th ed.). London: Guinness World Records Limited. p. 599. ISBN 1-904994-10-5.
External links[link]
http://wn.com/White_Town
Related pages:
http://es.wn.com/White Town
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_Town
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Justin Bieber | |
|---|---|
 Justin Bieber at the NRJ Music Awards in Cannes, France in 2012 |
|
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Justin Drew Bieber[1] |
| Born | (1994-03-01) March 1, 1994 (age 18)[2] London, Ontario, Canada |
| Origin | Stratford, Ontario, Canada |
| Genres | Pop, R&B, teen pop[3][4][5] |
| Occupations | Singer-songwriter, musician, actor |
| Instruments | Vocals, guitar, piano, percussion,[6] trumpet[7] |
| Years active | 2008–present |
| Labels | Island, RBMG |
| Associated acts | Usher, Ludacris |
| Website | justinbiebermusic.com |
Justin Drew Bieber (
/ˈbiːbər/ BEE-bər, born March 1, 1994)[2] is a Canadian Pop/R&B singer-songwriter, musician, and actor.[3][5] Bieber was discovered in 2008 by Scooter Braun,[8] who came across Bieber's videos on YouTube and later became his manager. Braun arranged for him to meet with Usher in Atlanta, Georgia, and Bieber was soon signed to Raymond Braun Media Group (RBMG), a joint venture between Braun and Usher,[9] and then to a recording contract with Island Records offered by L.A. Reid.[6][10] Bieber's debut single, "One Time", was released in 2009 and peaked in the top twenty in Canada and charted in the top thirty in several international markets. His debut album, the seven-track EP My World, followed in November 2009, and was soon certified platinum in the United States. He became the first artist to have seven songs from a debut album chart on the Billboard Hot 100.[11]
Bieber's first full-length studio album, My World 2.0, was released in March 2010. It debuted at number one or within the top ten in several countries and was certified platinum in the United States. It was preceded by the worldwide top-ten single, "Baby". The music video of "Baby" is currently ranked as the most viewed and most discussed YouTube video.[12] Bieber followed up the release of his debut album with his first headlining tour, the My World Tour, the remix albums My Worlds Acoustic and Never Say Never – The Remixes, and the 3D biopic-concert film Justin Bieber: Never Say Never, that nearly matched the record for the biggest opening weekend gross for a concert-film. Bieber released his second studio album, Under the Mistletoe, in November 2011, which debuted at number one on the Billboard 200. Bieber has received numerous awards, including Artist of the Year at the 2010 American Music Awards, and has been nominated for such awards as Best New Artist and Best Pop Vocal Album at the 53rd Grammy Awards. In 2012, Bieber was named Forbes 3rd most powerful celebrity in the world, earning $55 million. As of May 2012, Bieber has sold 15 million albums.[13]
Contents |
Early life[link]
Bieber was born on March 1, 1994, in London, Ontario in St Joseph's Hospital,[14][15] and was raised in Stratford, Ontario.[16] Bieber's mother, Patricia Lynn "Pattie" Mallette, was 18 years old when she became pregnant. Mallette, originally from Stratford, raised her son with the help of her parents, Bruce and Diane.[17] Mallette worked a series of low-paying office jobs, raising Bieber as a single mother in low-income housing. Bieber has maintained contact with his father, Jeremy Jack Bieber, who married another woman and had two children.[18][19][20] Bieber's great-grandfather was from Germany.[21] Bieber's mother's ancestry is French Canadian.[22] Bieber attended a French immersion elementary school in Stratford called Jeanne Sauvé Catholic School.[17]
During his childhood, Bieber was interested in hockey, soccer, and chess; he often kept his musical aspirations to himself.[18] As he grew up, Bieber taught himself to play the piano, drums, guitar, and trumpet.[16][23] In early 2007, when he was twelve, Bieber sang Ne-Yo's "So Sick" for a local singing competition in Stratford and was placed second.[6][23] Mallette posted a video of the performance on YouTube for their family and friends to see. She continued to upload videos of Bieber singing covers of various R&B songs, and Bieber's popularity on the site grew.[10] Chris Hicks, Bieber's A&R at Island/Def Jam, explained the young artist's huge online following to HitQuarters by saying:
"He was doing something different. He was an attractive white kid singing very soulful R&B hits. That set him apart immediately from anyone in his range because no one was covering or singing these kind of records. But equally important was that you believed in these songs – it was real. And you wanted to hear more."[24]
Career[link]
[edit] 2008–09: Discovery and My World
While searching for videos of a different singer, Scooter Braun, a former marketing executive of So So Def, clicked on one of Bieber's 2007 videos by accident.[18] Impressed, Braun tracked down the theater Bieber was performing in, located Bieber's school, and finally contacted Mallette. Mallette was reluctant because of Braun's Jewish religion; she remembered praying, "God, I gave him to you. You could send me a Christian man, a Christian label! ... you don’t want this Jewish kid to be Justin’s man, do you?"[18] However, after praying with her church elders and receiving their encouragement, she permitted Braun to fly Bieber, then 13,[10] to Atlanta, Georgia, to record demo tapes.[18] A week after arriving, Bieber sang for R&B singer/songwriter Usher.[25] Bieber was soon signed to Raymond Braun Media Group (RBMG), a joint venture between Braun and Usher.[9] Justin Timberlake was also reportedly in the running to sign Bieber, but lost the bidding war to Usher.[9][26] Usher then sought assistance in finding a label home for the artist from then manager Chris Hicks, who helped engineer an audition with his contact Antonio L.A. Reid of Island Def Jam Music Group.[24] Reid signed Bieber to Island Records in October 2008 (resulting in a joint venture between RBMG and Island Records) and appointed Hicks as executive Vice-President of Def Jam where he would be able manage Bieber's career at the label.[6][9][10][24] At that point, Bieber and his mother moved to Atlanta temporarily, also the home of Usher and Braun, to record and get counseling from Braun.[9] Braun became Bieber's manager.[10]
Bieber's first single, "One Time", was released to radio while Bieber was still recording his debut album.[27] The song reached number 12 on the Canadian Hot 100 during its first week of release in July 2009,[10] and later peaked at number 17 on the Billboard Hot 100. During fall 2009 it had success in international markets.[28] The song was certified Platinum in Canada and the US and Gold in Australia and New Zealand.[29][30][31] Bieber's first release, an extended play entitled My World, was released on November 17, 2009. The album's second single, "One Less Lonely Girl", and two promo singles, "Love Me", and "Favorite Girl", were released exclusively on the iTunes store and charted within the top forty of the Billboard Hot 100.[28] "One Less Lonely Girl" was later also released to radio and peaked within the top fifteen in Canada and the US, being certified Gold in the latter.[28] My World was eventually certified Platinum in the US and Double Platinum in both Canada and the UK.[31][32][33] To promote the album, Bieber performed on several live shows such as mtvU's VMA 09 Tour, European program The Dome, YTV's The Next Star, The Today Show,[34][35] The Wendy Williams Show, Lopez Tonight, The Ellen DeGeneres Show, It's On with Alexa Chung, Good Morning America, Chelsea Lately, and BET's 106 & Park with Rihanna. Bieber also guest starred in an episode of True Jackson, VP in late 2009.[36]
Bieber performed Stevie Wonder's "Someday at Christmas" for U.S. President Barack Obama and first lady Michelle Obama at the White House for Christmas in Washington, which was broadcast on December 20, 2009, on U.S. television broadcaster TNT.[37] Bieber was also one of the performers at Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve with Ryan Seacrest on December 31, 2009.[38] Bieber was a presenter at the 52nd Grammy Awards on January 31, 2010. He was invited to be a vocalist for the remake of We Are The World (a song written by Michael Jackson and Lionel Richie) for its 25th anniversary to benefit Haiti after the earthquake. Bieber sings the opening line, which was sung by Lionel Richie in the original version.[39] On March 12, 2010, a version of K'naan's "Wavin' Flag" recorded by a collective of Canadian musicians known as Young Artists for Haiti was released. Bieber is featured in the song, performing the closing lines.
[edit] 2010–11: My World 2.0 and Never Say Never film
"Baby", the lead single from his debut album, My World 2.0, which features Ludacris, was released in January 2010 and became his biggest hit thus far, charting at number five in the U.S. and reaching the top ten in seven other countries.[28] Two promo singles "Never Let You Go", and "U Smile" were top thirty hits on the U.S. Hot 100, and top twenty hits in Canada.[28] According to review aggregator Metacritic, the album has received "generally favorable reviews".[40] It debuted at number one on the U.S. Billboard 200, making Bieber the youngest solo male act to top the chart since Stevie Wonder in 1963.[41] My World 2.0 also debuted at number one on the Canadian Albums Chart, Irish Albums Chart, Australian Albums Chart, and the New Zealand Albums Chart[28] and reached the top ten of fifteen other countries.[42][43] To promote the album, Bieber appeared on several live programs including The View, the 2010 Kids Choice Awards, Nightline, The Late Show with David Letterman, The Dome and 106 and Park.[44] Bieber collaborated with Sean Kingston on his single "Eenie Meenie" which also appeared on Bieber's debut album. The song reached the top ten in the United Kingdom and Australia, and the top-twenty of most other markets.
On April 10, 2010, Bieber was the musical guest on Saturday Night Live.[45] On July 4, 2010, Bieber performed at the Macy's Fourth of July Fireworks Spectacular in New York City.[46] The second single from My World 2.0, "Somebody to Love", was released in April 2010, and a remix was released featuring Bieber's mentor Usher. The single reached number ten in Canada, number fifteen in the United States, and the top twenty in multiple international countries.
On June 23, 2010, Bieber went on his first official headlining tour, the My World Tour, starting in Hartford, Connecticut, to promote My World and My World 2.0.[47] In July 2010, it was reported that Bieber was the most searched for celebrity on the Internet.[48] That same month his music video, "Baby", surpassed Lady Gaga's "Bad Romance" to become the most viewed, and most disliked YouTube video ever.[49] In September 2010, it was reported that Bieber accounted for three percent of all traffic on Twitter, according to an employee of the social-networking site.[50]
Bieber began recording his second album in July 2010 in New York City.[51] At this point, because of puberty, his voice was deeper than it was when he recorded his first album. In April 2010, the singer discussing his vocals remarked, "It cracks. Like every teenage boy, I'm dealing with it and I have the best vocal coach in the world. [...] Some of the notes I hit on "Baby" I can't hit anymore. We have to lower the key when I sing live."[52]
Bieber guest-starred in the season premiere of the CBS crime drama CSI: Crime Scene Investigation, which aired on September 23, 2010. He played a "troubled teen who is faced with a difficult decision regarding his only brother", who is also a serial bomber. Bieber was also in a subsequent episode which aired on February 17, 2011, in which his character is killed.[53] Bieber performed a medley of "U Smile", "Baby", and "Somebody to Love" and briefly played the drums at the 2010 MTV Video Music Awards on September 12, 2010.[54] Bieber announced in October 2010 that he would release an acoustic album, called My Worlds Acoustic.[55] It was released on Black Friday in the United States and featured acoustic versions of songs from his previous albums, and accompanied the release of a completely new song titled "Pray".[56]
A 3-D part-biopic, part-concert film starring Bieber entitled Justin Bieber: Never Say Never, was released on February 11, 2011, directed by Step Up 3D director Jon Chu. It topped the box office with an estimated gross of $12.4 million on its opening day from 3,105 theaters.[57] It grossed $30.3 million for the weekend and was narrowly beaten by the romantic comedy Just Go With It, which grossed $31 million.[58] Never Say Never is said to have exceeded industry expectations, nearly matching the $31.1 million grossed by Miley Cyrus's 2008 3-D concert film, Hannah Montana & Miley Cyrus: Best of Both Worlds Concert, which holds the record for the top debut for a music-documentary.[59][60] Never Say Never grossed a total of $98,441,954 worldwide.[61] The film is accompanied by his second remix album, Never Say Never – The Remixes, released February 14, 2011, and features remixes of songs from his debut album, with guest appearances from Miley Cyrus, Chris Brown, and Kanye West, among others.[62]
[edit] 2011–present: Under The Mistletoe and Believe
On February 27, 2011, Bieber attended the 2011 Vanity Fair Oscar Party with American actress and singer Selena Gomez,[63] confirming several months of media speculation about a romantic relationship between the pair.[64][65][66][67][68][69]
In June 2011, Bieber was ranked number 2 on the Forbes list of Best-Paid Celebrities under 30. He is the youngest star and 1 of 7 musicians on the list raking in with $53 million earned in a 12 month period.[70] On November 1, 2011, Bieber released Under the Mistletoe, his second studio album.[71] It debuted at number one on the Billboard 200, selling 210,000 copies in its first week of release.[72]
In late 2011, Bieber began recording his third studio album, entitled Believe. Kanye West and Drake are confirmed to be featured on the album.[73] On February 22, 2012, Bieber announced via Twitter that the first single off Believe will be released in March 2012.[74] The following week, Bieber appeared on The Ellen DeGeneres Show to announce that the first single will be called "Boyfriend" and was released on March 26, 2012.[75] The song was co-written by Mike Posner.[76] The second single, Die In Your Arms, was released on May 29th, 2012. [77]
Image[link]
Justin Bieber has a higher score on the Klout online "influence" scale than Barack Obama or The Dalai Lama.[78] According to Jan Hoffman of The New York Times, part of Bieber's appeal stems from his YouTube channel. Long before he released his EP, My World, in mid-November, the YouTube videos attracted millions of views.[18] Braun recognized the appeal. Prior to flying him to Atlanta, Braun wanted to "build him up more on YouTube first" and had Bieber record more home videos for the channel. "I said: 'Justin, sing like there’s no one in the room. But let's not use expensive cameras.' We'll give it to kids, let them do the work, so that they feel like it's theirs", recalled Braun.[18] Bieber continues to upload videos to the same channel and has opened a Twitter account, from which he interacts with fans regularly;[10] his account was reported in November 2010 to have over 6 million followers.[79] Since then he has been consistently gaining followers at an average of 24,000 per day.[80] The accounts also serve marketing purposes; for example, Bieber's music video for "One Time" only began selling quickly after it was uploaded to YouTube.[81]
Usher comments that while he and Bieber were both signed at the same age, "I had the chance to ramp up my success, where this has happened to Bieber abruptly." As a result, Usher, Braun, Bieber's bodyguard Kenny, and other adults surrounding Bieber constantly coach him on handling fame and his public image.[18] After signing Bieber, Usher appointed one of his former assistants, Ryan Good, to be Bieber's road manager and stylist. Good, once nicknamed Bieber's "swagger coach", created a "streetwise look" for the singer which consisted of baseball caps, hoodies, dog chains and flashy sneakers. Amy Kaufman of The Los Angeles Times comments, "Though a product of a middle-class suburban upbringing in Stratford, Ontario, Bieber's manner of dress and speech ("Wassup man, how you doin'?" or "It's like, you know, whateva' ") suggest he's mimicking his favorite rappers."[82]
Bieber is often featured in teen magazines such as Tiger Beat,[18] and has been labeled as a "teen heartthrob".[83] Bieber has released a collection of nail varnishes to raise awareness for charity.[84] Wax statues of Bieber are on display at Madame Tussauds wax museums in New York, Amsterdam and London.[85] His change of hairstyle in 2010, and the consequent alterations to Bieber products, led to it being called 'the most expensive musical haircut of all time;[86] one company spent $100,000 to fix its dolls for the 2011 Christmas season.[87]
Bieber has been criticized for looking and sounding younger than his age, his teen-pop music, image, and frequent media attention.[88] He has been a frequent target of Internet bloggers and message board posters, notably by users of Internet message board 4chan and users of YouTube.[89] Nick Collins of The Daily Telegraph speculated that "Bieber's character also appears to strike a particularly sour note with his Internet critics, with many remarks commenting on his youthful appearance, his teen-pop songs, his image as a heart-throb to young teenage girls and his manner of speech".[90]
Personal views and life[link]
Bieber is a Christian,[91] and said he has a relationship with Jesus, talks to him and that "he's the reason I'm here".[92]
Bieber's comments in a February 2011 profile in Rolling Stone sparked controversy.[93] Asked about abstinence, Bieber responded, "I don't think you should have sex with anyone unless you love them." He said he does not "believe in abortion" and that it is "like killing a baby".[94] He described sexual orientation as "everyone's own decision."[95] Bieber has contributed to the It Gets Better Project,[96] which aims to prevent suicide among LGBT youth.[97]
Bieber has said he is not interested in obtaining United States citizenship and has criticized America's health care system. Praising Canada as being "the best country in the world", he cited its health care system as a model example.[94]
In May 2012, Bieber purchased a 10,000 square-foot mansion on 1.3 acres of land, located in the community of Calabasas, California, a suburb of Los Angeles.[98]
Twitter[link]
Main article: Justin Bieber on Twitter
As of April 2012[update], Bieber's Twitter account (@justinbieber) is the second most popular celebrity account behind that of Lady Gaga.[99] By mid-April 2012, he had over 20 million followers.[100][101] His follower acquisition is one new follower every other second.[102][103] His popularity on Twitter at one point accounted for three percent of all Twitter related traffic, with a Twitter employee commenting that "racks of servers are dedicated" to Bieber.[103][104][105][106][107][108][109][110][111][112] This resulted in over 180 million page views for the service each month.[105] Bieber was frequently a trending topic on Twitter when the feature first launched[105] because his fans frequently discussed him on the network. [113] and was named the top trending star on Twitter in 2010;[114] Klout gave his account a score of 100.[115][116]
The size of Bieber's and Gaga's follower bases are cited as a reason why marketers should pay attention to Twitter:[117] with an ability to reach millions of people with a single tweet.[117] 8.3% of tweets mentioning "bieber" were semi-automated and probably Twitter related spam.[118] Research done about Twitter and the 2011 Egyptian revolution includes Bieber as he made tweets about the topic at a time when he had roughly 8 million followers. His multiple tweets resulted in 32,000 responses each, which made Bieber's Twitter account one of the single largest nodes for discussion about the uprising one of the largest on Twitter.[119][120]
In March 2012, Bieber fans launched an unsuccessful attempt to unseat Lady Gaga as the most popular celebrity on Twitter. Neither Bieber nor Lady Gaga discussed their mutual fanbase's campaigns on Twitter.[121]
Discography[link]
Main article: Justin Bieber discography
- My World 2.0 (2010)
- Under the Mistletoe (2011)
- Believe (2012)
Tours[link]
- 2009: Urban Behavior Tour
- 2010–2011: My World Tour
- 2012-2013: Believe Tour
Filmography[link]
| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2009 | True Jackson, VP | Himself | Guest star |
| My Date With... | |||
| 2010 | Silent Library | ||
| School Gyrls | Cameo | ||
| Saturday Night Live | Guest star/performer | Ep 35.18 | |
| CSI: Crime Scene Investigation | Jason McCann | Shock Waves (Season 11, Episode 1) | |
| Hubworld | Guest star | Season 1, Episode 1 | |
| The X Factor (UK) | Performer | Series 7, Week 8 | |
| 2011 | Extreme Makeover: Home Edition | Guest star[122] | |
| CSI: Crime Scene Investigation | Jason McCann | Targets of Obsession (Season 11, Episode 15). | |
| Khloé & Lamar | Himself | Episode:The Father In Law (uncredited) Himself playing the NBA Celebrity All Star Game | |
| Saturday Night Live | Guest star | Ep. 36.14 | |
| Justin Bieber: Never Say Never[123] | Himself | Film produced by MTV Films and distributed by Paramount Pictures released February 2011 in United States; and March to April worldwide[124] The official movie trailer was released on October 26[125] | |
| Dancing With The Stars | Guest star | Week 7 Result Show | |
| So Random! | Himself | He performed in December 2011. | |
| Disney Parks Christmas Day Parade | Guest star | Performed at Walt Disney World Resort | |
| The X Factor (UK) | Performer | Series 8, Week 9 | |
| 2012 | Men in Black 3 | Baby Alien |
Awards and nominations[link]
Main article: List of awards and nominations received by Justin Bieber
References[link]
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- ^ [1][dead link]
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- ^ Justin Bieber Dies In Your Arms
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- ^ Collins, Nick (July 6, 2010). "Why is Justin Bieber so loved and hated?". London: Telegraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/internet/7873834/Why-is-Justin-Bieber-so-loved-and-hated.html. Retrieved 2010-07-27.
- ^ "Justin Bieber's Youtube Fight". http://www.buzzfeed.com/mjs538/justin-biebers-youtube-fight.
- ^ Collins, Nick (July 6, 2010). "Why is Justin Bieber so loved and hated?". The Telegraph (London). http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/internet/7873834/Why-is-Justin-Bieber-so-loved-and-hated.html. Retrieved 2010-07-08.
- ^ Ronson, Jon (November 13, 2010). "Justin Bieber: One day with the most Googled name on the planet". The Guardian (UK). http://www.guardian.co.uk/music/2010/nov/13/justin-bieber-interview. Retrieved 2011-01-25.
- ^ Kaufman, Donna (November 2, 2010). "Justin Bieber Talks Jesus & Marriage". Ivillage Entertainment. http://www.ivillage.com/justin-bieber-talks-jesus-and-marriage/1-a-294985. Retrieved 2011-06-06.
- ^ Saxberg, Lynn (February 17, 2011). "Baby Baby -better be born in Canada; Bieber disses American health care -and says no to abortion". The Ottawa Citizen.: p. A.4.
- ^ a b By Rolling Stone (February 16, 2011). "Justin Bieber Talks Sex, Politics, Music and Puberty In New 'Rolling Stone' Cover Story". Rolling Stone. http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/justin-bieber-talks-sex-politics-music-and-puberty-in-new-rolling-stone-cover-story-20110216. Retrieved 2011-02-24.
- ^ Justin Bieber interview Rolling Stone Retrieved 2011-03-15
- ^ "Justin Bieber Posts 'It Gets Better' Video" Retrieved 2011-03-15
- ^ It Gets Better Project website Retrieved 2011-03-15
- ^ McQueeney, Kerry; Watkins, Jane (May 27, 2012). "He's all grown up! Justin Bieber, 18, seals the $6.5m deal on his very first home - a sprawling Calabasas mansion". Dailymail.co.uk. http://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-2150919/Justin-Bieber-18-seals-6-5m-deal-home--sprawling-Calabasas-mansion.html?ito=feeds-newsxml. Retrieved May 28, 2012.
- ^ Shiv Singh; Stephanie Diamond (April 3, 2012). Social Media Marketing For Dummies. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 143–. ISBN 978-1-118-06514-3. http://books.google.com/books?id=0Dnv9AZ8Tj4C&pg=PA143. Retrieved April 26, 2012.
- ^ "'The Voice:' Justin Bieber updates fans on Twitter , singer to make announcement?". Entertainment Examiner (USA). April 16, 2012. http://docs.newsbank.com/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/iw.newsbank.com:AUNB:EAEN&rft_val_format=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=13DC80FB672ABFA8&svc_dat=InfoWeb:aggregated5&req_dat=1053B823C33F21F9. Retrieved April 24, 2012.
- ^ "Soccer's Kaka tops 10 million followers on Twitter". Associated Press News Service. April 25, 2012. http://docs.newsbank.com/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/iw.newsbank.com:AUNB:APNS&rft_val_format=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=13E6168D001C4648&svc_dat=InfoWeb:aggregated5&req_dat=1053B823C33F21F9. Retrieved April 26, 2012.
- ^ Adam Sherwin. "Justin Bieber reveals new 'mature' direction as Biebermania hits London – News – Music". The Independent. http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/news/justin-bieber-reveals-new-mature-direction-as-biebermania-hits-london-7675857.html. Retrieved 2012-04-26.
- ^ a b Richard Godwin. "One night with Justin Bieber and I'm a Belieber – Celebrity News – Showbiz – Evening Standard". Evening Standard. London. http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/showbiz/celebrity-news/one-night-with-justin-bieber-and-im-a-belieber-7674843.html. Retrieved 2012-04-26.
- ^ Curtis, Dustin (September 7, 2010). "At any moment, Justin Bieber uses 3% of our infrastructure. Racks of servers are dedicated to him. – A guy who works at Twitter". https://twitter.com/#!/dcurtis/status/23192425566. Retrieved April 25, 2012.
- ^ a b c "Justin Bieber Accounts for 3 Percent of All Twitter Traffic". TV Guide. September 8, 2010. http://www.tvguide.com/News/Justin-Bieber-Twitter-1022684.aspx. Retrieved April 24, 2012.
- ^ Kaufman, Gil (September 8, 2010). "Justin Bieber Activity Drives 3 Percent Of Twitter Traffic". MTV. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1647321/justin-bieber-activity-drives-3-percent-twitter-traffic.jhtml. Retrieved April 24, 2012.
- ^ "Twitter Has 'Racks of Servers' Dedicated to Justin Bieber | NewsFeed | TIME.com". Newsfeed.time.com. September 8, 2010. http://newsfeed.time.com/2010/09/08/twitter-has-racks-of-servers-dedicated-to-justin-bieber/. Retrieved April 24, 2012.
- ^ Fabio Kon; Anne-Marie Kermarrec (December 26, 2011). Middleware 2011: Acm/Ifip/usenix 12th International Middleware Conference, Lisbon, Portugal, December 12–16, 2011, Proceedings. Springer. pp. 21–. ISBN 978-3-642-25820-6. http://books.google.com/books?id=ESrm5lcx7L8C&pg=PA21. Retrieved April 26, 2012.
- ^ Aaron Barlow; Robert Leston (December 31, 2011). Beyond the Blogosphere: Information and Its Children. ABC-CLIO. pp. 233–. ISBN 978-0-313-39287-0. http://books.google.com/books?id=YM4JiWFLCQ8C&pg=PA233. Retrieved April 26, 2012.
- ^ Stephen Marche (May 10, 2011). How Shakespeare Changed Everything. HarperCollins. pp. 51–. ISBN 978-0-06-196553-1. http://books.google.com/books?id=jBibgie2VEEC&pg=PT51. Retrieved April 26, 2012.
- ^ "Justin Bieber Has "Racks" of Twitter Servers, Uses 3 Percent of Site's Resources". GearLog (Ziff Davis, Inc). 2010-09-08. http://trove.nla.gov.au/work/123820191. Retrieved April 26, 2012.
- ^ "Justin Bieber a ocupat 3% din serverul Twitter" (in Spanish). Agentia.org. 2010-11-24. http://www.agentia.org/monden/justin-bieber-a-ocupat-3-din-serverul-twitter-6123.html. Retrieved 2012-04-26.
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- ^ Marco Massarotto (2010-10-18T00:00:00+02:00) (in Italian). Social Network. Apogeo Editore. pp. 201–202. ISBN 978-88-503-1233-7. http://books.google.com/books?id=IZowqKn7G40C&pg=PT201. Retrieved April 26, 2012.
- ^ a b Brandon Vogt (August 5, 2011). The Church and New Media: Blogging Converts, Internet Activists, and Bishops Who Tweet. Our Sunday Visitor. pp. 19–. ISBN 978-1-59276-033-6. http://books.google.com/books?id=c4zwxSzKstYC&pg=PA19. Retrieved April 26, 2012.
- ^ Neil Spring; George F. Riley (April 25, 2011). Passive and Active Measurement: 12th International Conference, PAM 2011, Atlanta, GA, USA, March 20–22, 2011, Proceedings. Springer. pp. 108–12. ISBN 978-3-642-19259-3. http://books.google.com/books?id=weLp1ECX4XIC&pg=PA110. Retrieved April 26, 2012.
- ^ Maksim Tsvetovat; Alexander Kouznetsov (October 6, 2011). Social Network Analysis for Startups: Finding Connections on the Social Web. O'Reilly Media, Inc.. p. 67. ISBN 978-1-4493-0646-5. http://books.google.com/books?id=Tn-L5WoCeygC. Retrieved April 26, 2012.
- ^ Maksim Tsvetovat; Alexander Kouznetsov (October 6, 2011). Social Network Analysis for Startups: Finding Connections on the Social Web. O'Reilly Media, Inc.. p. 18. ISBN 978-1-4493-0646-5. http://books.google.com/books?id=Tn-L5WoCeygC. Retrieved April 26, 2012.
- ^ Tim Kenneally Reuters 7:18 pm CDT, March 28, 2012 (March 28, 2012). "Justin Bieber Vs. Lady Gaga: Fans wage epic war for Twitter dominance". Chicago Tribune. http://www.chicagotribune.com/entertainment/sns-rt-justin-bieber-lady-gagamt1thewrap36616-20120328,0,7289032.story. Retrieved April 24, 2012.
- ^ Jocleyn, Vena (January 25, 2011). "Justin Bieber Addresses Dangers Of Texting And Driving On 'Extreme Makeover'". MTV. http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1656584/justin-bieber-addresses-dangers-texting-driving-on-extreme-makeover.jhtml. Retrieved 2011-02-08.
- ^ "Justin Bieber Never Say Never – Official website". http://www.justinbieberneversaynever.com/. Retrieved 2011-02-17.
- ^ "Global Sites & Release Dates". Justin Bieber Never Say Never – Official website.. http://www.justinbieberneversaynever.com/intl/releasedates/release-dates.html. Retrieved 2011-02-17.
- ^ "Justin Bieber: Never Say Never – Official movie trailer". http://www.trailerdownload.net/movie/justin-bieber-3d/trailers/trailer-4629.html. Retrieved 2011-02-17.
Further reading[link]
- Justin Bieber (October 12, 2010). Justin Bieber: First Step 2 Forever: My Story. HarperCollins. ISBN 978-0-06-203974-3. http://books.google.com/books?id=a2iAh-KFdIgC&pg=PP1.
- Ronny Bloom (April 15, 2010). Justin Bieber. Penguin Group USA. ISBN 978-0-8431-9903-1.
- Chas Newkey-Burden (September 1, 2010). Justin Bieber: The Unauthorized Biography. Michael O'Mara. ISBN 978-1-84317-523-0.
- Sarah Oliver (October 1, 2011). Justin Bieber A-Z. John Blake. ISBN 978-1-84358-379-0.
- Sarah Parvis; Gail Herman (February 8, 2011). Superstars! Justin Bieber: In the Spotlight and Behind the Scenes. Time Home Entertainment. ISBN 978-1-60320-902-1.
- Marc Shapiro (August 17, 2010). Justin Bieber: The Fever!. Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-312-67878-4. http://books.google.com/books?id=LyrqE1c66mwC&pg=PP1.
External links[link]
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Justin Bieber |
 |
Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Justin Bieber |
- Official website
- Justin Bieber at the Internet Movie Database
- Justin Bieber at the Open Directory Project
- Justin Bieber on Twitter
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Bieber, Justin |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | Canadian singer |
| Date of birth | March 1, 1994 |
| Place of birth | Stratford, Ontario, Canada |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
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****** Sparks 2012 Tour News ****** TWO HANDS, ONE MOUTH TOUR - AUTUMN 2012. UK 21st October -- hmv Picture House, Edinburgh 22nd October - HMV Ritz, Manchester 23rd October - HMV Institute, Birmingham 25th October - Concert Hall, Brighton Dome 26th October - The Barbican, London Tickets for all shows are available from seetickets.com 08700 603 777 GERMANY 13th October - Berlin, Postbahnhof 14th October - Hamburg, Grünspan 16th October - Frankfurt, Batschkapp 17th October - Bochum, Zeche www.eventim.de ---------------------------------------------------------- Disco 28/09/74 - Ron Mael - Russell Mael - Ian Hampton - Trevor White - Dinky Diamond
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