This is an audio version of the Wikipedia Article: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_Portuguese_and_Spanish 00:02:05 1 Sample texts 00:04:13 2 Vocabulary 00:04:23 2.1 Cognates 00:04:43 2.1.1 Two forms vs. one form 00:05:23 2.1.2 False friends 00:05:46 2.1.3 Semantic change 00:10:25 2.1.4 Frequent function words 00:10:48 2.1.4.1 Spanish itodo/i, Portuguese itudo/i 00:11:39 2.1.4.2 Relative and interrogative pronouns 00:13:24 2.1.4.3 Spanish imuy/i and imucho/i, Portuguese imuito/i 00:14:29 2.1.4.4 Cardinal numbers 00:16:44 2.1.4.5 Conjunctions 00:18:14 2.1.4.6 iSe/i, isi/i, isí/i, and isim/i 00:19:00 2.1.4.7 Indirect object pronouns 00:19:48 2.2 Dissimilar words 00:20:22 2.2.1 French influence 00:20:58 2.2.2 Arabic influence 00:23:47 2.2.3 Influences from other languages 00:24:35 2.2.4 Days of the week 00:25:32 3 Grammar 00:25:56 3.1 Gender 00:28:59 3.2 Use of the definite article 00:33:51 3.3 Possessives 00:34:49 3.4 Pronouns 00:34:58 3.4.1 Object pronouns 00:36:06 3.4.2 Clitic personal pronouns 00:37:16 3.4.3 Mesoclisis 00:38:25 3.4.4 Combining pronouns in Spanish 00:39:52 3.4.5 Use of stressed pronouns for inanimate subjects 00:40:47 3.4.6 Second-person pronouns 00:46:04 3.5 Verbs 00:46:12 3.5.1 "To be" 00:49:25 3.5.2 Reflexive verbs 00:50:05 3.5.3 "To like" 00:51:21 3.5.4 Auxiliary verbs with the perfect 00:52:00 3.5.5 Imperfect subjunctive versus pluperfect indicative 00:53:00 3.5.6 Present perfect 00:55:36 3.5.7 Personal infinitive 00:59:27 3.5.8 Future subjunctive 01:01:02 3.5.9 Irregular verbs 01:03:02 3.6 Prepositions 01:03:10 3.6.1 Contractions 01:05:53 3.6.2 Personal "ia/i" 01:06:34 3.6.3 iIr a/i versus iir para/i 01:09:44 3.6.4 iHacia/i and ipara/i 01:11:14 3.6.5 "Going to" future 01:12:21 3.6.6 Other differences in preposition usage 01:13:03 4 Orthography 01:13:12 4.1 Alphabet 01:16:35 4.2 Question and exclamation marks 01:19:06 4.3 Different spellings for similar sounds 01:21:49 4.4 Correspondences between word endings 01:30:22 4.5 Accentuation and nasalization 01:37:42 5 Phonology 01:41:13 5.1 Early phonetic divergence 01:41:22 5.1.1 Vowels 01:45:18 5.1.1.1 Unstressed vowels 01:51:11 5.1.2 Consonants 01:54:04 5.1.3 Synaeresis 01:55:12 5.2 Different sounds with the same spelling 01:55:32 5.2.1 Sibilants 01:58:00 5.2.2 Other pronunciation differences 01:59:44 6 Contact forms 02:00:58 7 See also Listening is a more natural way of learning, when compared to reading. Written language only began at around 3200 BC, but spoken language has existed long ago. Learning by listening is a great way to: - increases imagination and understanding - improves your listening skills - improves your own spoken accent - learn while on the move - reduce eye strain Now learn the vast amount of general knowledge available on Wikipedia through audio (audio article). You could even learn subconsciously by playing the audio while you are sleeping! If you are planning to listen a lot, you could try using a bone conduction headphone, or a standard speaker instead of an earphone. Listen on Google Assistant through Extra Audio: https://assistant.google.com/services/invoke/uid/0000001a130b3f91 Other Wikipedia audio articles at: https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=wikipedia+tts Upload your own Wikipedia articles through: https://github.com/nodef/wikipedia-tts Speaking Rate: 0.8917289838556096 Voice name: en-US-Wavenet-B "I cannot teach anybody anything, I can only make them think." - Socrates SUMMARY ======= Portuguese and Spanish, although closely related sister languages, differ in many details of their phonology, grammar, and lexicon. Both are part of a broader group known as West Iberian Romance, which also includes several other languages or dialects with fewer speakers, all of which are mutually intelligible to some degree. The most obvious differences are in pronunciation. Mutual intelligibility is generally greater for the written languages than for their spoken forms. Compare, for example, the following sentences: Al buen entendedor pocas palabras bastan (Spanish: [al ˈβ̞weÌžn eÌžnteÌžnde̞ˈð̞oÌžr ˈpoÌžkas paˈlaβ̞ɾaz ˈβ̞astan]) Ao bom entendedor poucas palavras bastam (European Portuguese: [Éœw ˈβõ̞(ɰ̃) ẽ̞tẽ̞dʊ̜̆ˈðoɾ ˈpo(w)kə̻̆ɕ pə̆ˈlavɾə̆ʑ ˈβaÉ•tə̃w], Brazilian Portuguese: [É?w ˈbõ̞(w̃) Ä©tẽ̞de̞ˈdox ˈpo(w)kə̻̆s pÉ?ˈlavɾə̆z ˈbaÉ•tə̃w])—roughly equivalent to the English proverb "A word to the wise is sufficient," or, a more literal translation, "To a good listener, a few words are enough." There are also some significant differences between Brazilian Portuguese and European Portuguese as there are between British and American English or Peninsular and Latin American Spanish. This article notes these differences below only where: both Brazilian and European Portuguese differ not only from each other, but from Spanish as well; both Peninsular (i.e. European) and Latin American Spa ...

• published: 23 Jan 2019
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