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ca:Freeport de:Freeport fr:Freeport id:Freeport (disambiguasi) it:Freeport nl:Freeport ja:フリーポート pl:Freeport ro:Freeport sv:Freeport vo:Freeport

Coordinates	40°37′29″N73°57′8″N
name	Laura Nyro
background	solo_singer
birth name	Laura Nigro
born	October 18, 1947The Bronx, New York,
death date	April 08, 1997Danbury, Connecticut,
instrument	Vocals, piano
genre	R&B;, pop, jazz, doo-wop, rock
occupation	Composer, lyricist, pianist, vocalist
years active	1966–1997
label	Columbia Records
website	http://www.lauranyro.com }}

Laura Nyro (October 18, 1947 – April 8, 1997) was an American songwriter, singer, and pianist. She achieved considerable critical acclaim with own recordings, particularly the albums ''Eli and the Thirteenth Confession'' and ''New York Tendaberry'', and had commercial success with artists such as Barbra Streisand and The 5th Dimension recording her songs. Her style was a hybrid of Brill Building-style New York pop, jazz, gospel, rhythm and blues, show tunes, rock and soul.

Between 1968 and 1970 a number of artists had significant hits with her songs: The 5th Dimension with "Blowing Away", "Wedding Bell Blues", "Stoned Soul Picnic", "Sweet Blindness", "Save The Country" and "Black Patch"; Blood, Sweat & Tears and Peter, Paul & Mary with "And When I Die"; Three Dog Night and Maynard Ferguson with "Eli's Coming"; and Streisand with "Stoney End", "Time and Love", and "Hands off the Man (Flim Flam Man)". Nyro's best-selling single was her recording of Carole King and Gerry Goffin's "Up on the Roof."

Early life

Nyro was born Laura Nigro in the Bronx, New York, the daughter of Gilda Mirsky Nigro, a bookkeeper and Louis Nigro, a piano tuner and jazz trumpeter. Laura has a brother, Jan Nigro. Laura was of Russian Jewish and Italian ancestry. As a child, she taught herself piano, read poetry, and listened to her mother's records by Leontyne Price, Billie Holiday and classical composers such as Ravel and Debussy. She composed her first songs at the age of eight. With her family, she spent summers in the Catskill Mountains where her father played the trumpet at resorts. She credited the Sunday school at the New York Society for Ethical Culture with providing the basis of her education; she also attended Manhattan's High School of Music and Art.

Nyro was very close with her aunt and uncle, the artists Theresa Bernstein and William Meyerowitz, who helped to support her education and early career.

While in high school, she sang with a group of friends in subway stations and on street corners. She said : ''"I would go out singing, as a teenager, to a party or out on the street, because there were harmony groups there, and that was one of the joys of my youth"''. Among her favorite musicians were John Coltrane, Nina Simone, Pete Seeger, Curtis Mayfield, Van Morrison, and girl groups such as The Supremes, Martha and the Vandellas and the Shirelles. She also commented : ''"I was always interested in the social consciousness of certain songs. My mother and grandfather were progressive thinkers, so I felt at home in the peace movement and the women's movement, and that has influenced my music"''.

Early career

Her father’s work brought him into contact with record company executive Artie Mogull (1927–2004), who auditioned Laura in 1966 and became her first manager. However, Louis Nigro claims that he "not even once" mentioned Laura to any of his clients, adding "they would have laughed at me if I did." As a teenager she experimented with using different names, and Nyro (NEER-oh) was the one she was using at the time. She sold her song "And When I Die" to Peter, Paul and Mary for $5,000, and made her first extended professional appearance, at age 18, singing at the "hungry i" coffeehouse in San Francisco. Mogull negotiated her a recording contract, and she recorded her debut album, ''More Than a New Discovery'', for the Verve Folkways label. The album provided material for other artists, notably the 5th Dimension.

In 1967, Nyro made only her second major live appearance, at the Monterey Pop Festival. Although some accounts described her performance as a fiasco that culminated in her being booed off the stage, recordings later made public contradict this view.

Soon afterwards, David Geffen approached Mogull about taking over as her agent. Nyro successfully sued to void her management and recording contracts on the grounds that she had entered into them while still a minor. Geffen became her manager, and the two established a publishing company, Tuna Fish Music, under which the proceeds from her future compositions would be divided equally between them. Geffen also arranged Nyro’s new recording contract with Clive Davis at Columbia Records, and purchased the publishing rights to her early compositions. In his memoir ''Clive: Inside the Record Business'', Davis recalled Nyro's audition for him: she'd invited him to her New York apartment, turned off every light except that of a television set next to her piano, and played him the material that would become ''Eli and the Thirteenth Confession''. Around this time Nyro considered becoming lead singer for Blood, Sweat & Tears, after the departure of founder Al Kooper, but was dissuaded by Geffen. However, BS&T; would go on to have a hit with a cover of "And When I Die."

The new contract allowed Nyro more artistic freedom and control. In 1968 Columbia released her second album, ''Eli and the Thirteenth Confession''. This received high critical praise for the depth and sophistication of the performance and arrangements, merging pop structure with inspired imagery, rich vocals and avant-garde jazz, and is widely considered to be one of her best works. It was followed in 1969 by ''New York Tendaberry'', another highly acclaimed work which cemented Nyro’s artistic credibility. The record's "Time and Love" and "Save the Country" emerged as two of her most well-regarded and popular songs—in the hands of other artists. Her own recordings sold mostly to a cult audience. This prompted Clive Davis, in his memoir, to note that her recordings, as solid as they were, came to resemble demonstrations for other performers.

Her fourth album, ''Christmas and the Beads of Sweat'', was issued at the end of 1970. The set contained such well-known songs as "Upstairs By a Chinese Lamp" and "When I Was a Freeport and You Were the Main Drag". It featured Muscle Shoals musicians including Duane Allman. The following year’s ''Gonna Take a Miracle'' was an album of her favourite "teenage heartbeat songs", recorded with vocal group Labelle (Patti Labelle, Nona Hendryx and Sarah Dash) and the production team of Kenny Gamble and Leon Huff. With the exception of her attribution of the song "Désiree" (originally "Deserie" by The Charts), this was Nyro's sole album of wholly non-original material, featuring such songs as "Jimmy Mack", "Nowhere to Run", and "Spanish Harlem".

By this time (1971) Nyro was married. She was also reportedly uncomfortable with attempts to market her as a celebrity and she announced her retirement from the music business at the age of 24.

In 1973, her Verve debut album was acquired and reissued by Columbia as ''The First Songs''.

Later career

By 1976, her marriage had ended, and she returned with an album of new material, ''Smile''. She then embarked on a four-month tour with a full band, which resulted in the 1977 live album ''Season of Lights''.

After the 1978 album ''Nested'', recorded when she was pregnant with her only child, she again took a break from recording, this time until 1984's ''Mother's Spiritual''. She began touring with a band in 1988, her first concert appearances in 10 years. The tour was dedicated to the animal rights movement. The shows led to her 1989 release, ''Laura: Live at the Bottom Line'', which included six new compositions.

Her final album of predominantly original material was ''Walk the Dog and Light the Light'' (1993), her last album for Columbia, which was co-produced by Gary Katz, best known for his work with Steely Dan. This sparked reappraisal of her place in popular music, and new commercial offers began to appear. She turned down lucrative film-composing offers, although she contributed a rare protest song to the Academy Award-winning documentary "Broken Rainbow", about the unjust relocation of the Navajo people.

Nyro appeared at the 1989 Michigan Womyn's Music Festival and performed in the 1980s and 1990s with female musicians. Among them was Nydia "Liberty" Mata, a popular drummer well known in the lesbian-feminist women's music subculture. On October 27, 1997, a large-scale tribute concert was produced by women at the Beacon Theatre in New York. Performers included Sandra Bernhard, Toshi Reagon, and Phoebe Snow.

Both ''The Tonight Show'' and ''The Late Show with David Letterman'' staffs heavily pursued Nyro for a TV appearance during this period, yet she turned them down as well, citing her discomfort with appearing on television (she made only a handful of early TV appearances and one fleeting moment on VH-1 performing the title song from “Broken Rainbow” on Earth Day in 1990). She never released an official video, although there was talk of filming some ''Bottom Line'' appearances in the 1990s. On the Fourth of July, 1991, she opened for Bob Dylan at the Tanglewood Music Center in Lenox, Massachusetts.

Personal life

In the early 1980s, Laura began living with painter Maria Desiderio (1954–1999), a relationship which lasted 17 years, the rest of Laura's life.

Nyro was briefly married to carpenter David Bianchini in 1971. Previously she had a relationship with singer/songwriter Jackson Browne in late 1970 to early 1971.

Death

In 1996 she was diagnosed with ovarian cancer. After the diagnosis, Columbia Records prepared a double-disc CD retrospective of material from her years at the label. The company involved Nyro herself, who selected the tracks and approved the final project. She lived to see the release of ''Stoned Soul Picnic: The Best of Laura Nyro'' (1997), and was reportedly pleased with the outcome.

Nyro died of ovarian cancer in Danbury, Connecticut, on April 8, 1997, at the age of 49; the same disease had claimed the life of her mother at the same age.

Posthumous releases and legacy

Posthumous releases include ''Angel In The Dark'' (2001), which include her final studio recordings made in 1994 and 1995, and ''The Loom’s Desire'', a set of live recordings with solo piano and harmony singers from The Bottom Line Christmas shows of 1993 and 1994.

A tribute album, ''Time and Love: The Music of Laura Nyro'', on which Nyro's compositions were performed by fourteen women singers and groups, including Phoebe Snow, Suzanne Vega, Rosanne Cash, Sweet Honey in the Rock, Lisa Germano and Jane Siberry was issued in 1997 after her death. Siberry's contribution to the project was a medley of Nyro songs called "When I Think Of Laura Nyro", which would subsequently appear on her own compilation ''City''.

Nyro's influence on popular musicians has also been acknowledged by such artists as Joni Mitchell, Melissa Manchester, Rickie Lee Jones, Steely Dan, Todd Rundgren, and Elton John. Rundgren stated that, once he heard her, he ''"stopped writing songs like The Who and started writing songs like Laura"''.

Diane Paulus and Bruce Buschel co-created ''Eli's Comin''', a musical revue of the songs of Laura Nyro, where, among others, starred Anika Noni Rose.

The Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater and the Canadian Ballet have also included her music in their performances; notably, "Been On A Train" from ''Christmas and the Beads of Sweat'' comprises the second movement of Ailey's 1971 solo for Judith Jamison, ''Cry''.

On October 2, 2007, three time Tony nominee Judy Kuhn released her new album ''Serious Playground: The Songs of Laura Nyro''. The album, which debuted as a concert to a sold out house at Lincoln Center's American Songbook Series in January 2007, includes several of Nyro's biggest hits ("Stoned Soul Picnic", "Stoney End") as well as some of her lesser known gems.

On her 2006 album ''Build a Bridge,'' the operatic/Broadway soprano Audra McDonald included covers of Nyro's songs "To a Child" and "Tom Cat Goodbye".

Elton John and Elvis Costello discussed Laura's significant influence on both of them during the premiere episode of Costello's interview show Spectacle on the Sundance channel. When asked by host if he could name three great performer/songwriters who have largely been ignored, he cited Nyro as one of his choices. John also addressed Nyro influence on his 1970 song Burn Down the Mission, from Tumbleweed Connection, in particular. The musical theater composer Stephen Schwartz credits Nyro as a major influence on his work.

Alice Cooper has mentioned that Nyro is one of his favorite songwriters on his syndicated radio show.

Jenny Lewis of Rilo Kiley, when promoting her 2006 solo album ''Rabbit Fur Coat'' repeatedly cited Nyro's 1971 album ''Gonna Take a Miracle'' as a big influence on her music.

In 2004 drama film A Home at the End of the World can be heard Nyro's recordings of Désiree and It's Gonna Take a Miracle, both songs from the album Gonna Take a Miracle.

Biographies, analysis and tributes

''To Carry On'' an original tribute show celebrating the music and life of Laura Nyro, starring Mimi Cohen, is in its second return engagement as of January 19, 2011, at Cherry Lane Theatre in Manhattan.

A biography of Nyro, ''Soul Picnic: The Music and Passion of Laura Nyro'', written by Michele Kort, was published in 2002 by Thomas Dunne Books/St. Martin's Press.

Laura Nyro's music was the subject of an in-depth 2003 study by music theorist Ari Lauren at the University of Chicago. By analyzing the rhythmic and chordal progressions of Nyro's early work, Lauren elucidated the similarities between Nyro's songs and the compositions of the Tin Pan Alley era, arguing that Laura Nyro deserves a place within the pantheon of the Great American Songbook.

Nyro's life and music were celebrated in a 2005 BBC Radio 2 documentary, ''Shooting Star – Laura Nyro Remembered'', which was narrated by her friend Bette Midler and included contributions from her one-time manager David Geffen, co-producers Arif Mardin and Gary Katz, and performers Suzanne Vega and Janis Ian. It was rebroadcast on April 4, 2006.

Janis Ian, who attended the High School of Music and Art in New York at the same time as Nyro, discussed her friendship with Nyro during the late 1960s in her autobiography, ''Society's Child''. Ian described her as looking like a "Morticia Addams" caricature with her long, dark hair, and called her a "brilliant songwriter" but "oddly inarticulate" in terms of musical terminology. Ian was a fan of Nyro's work with producer Charlie Calello and chose him as the producer of her 1969 album ''Who Really Cares'' on the basis of his work with Nyro.

Comedian, writer, and singer Sandra Bernhard has spoken extensively of Laura Nyro as an ongoing inspiration. She dedicated a song, "The Woman I Could've Been" on ''Excuses for Bad Behavior (Part One)'', to her. She also sang Nyro's "I Never Meant to Hurt You" in her film ''Without You I'm Nothing''.

Rickie Lee Jones' critically acclaimed album ''Pirates'' and songs such as "We Belong Together" and "Living It Up" are reminiscent of early Laura Nyro songs, and Jones acknowledged Nyro's influence.

Todd Rundgren has also acknowledged the strong influence of Nyro's 1960s music on his own songwriting. While a member of the pop group Nazz his great admiration for Nyro led to him arranging a meeting with her (which took place shortly after she had recorded the ''Eli and the Thirteenth Confession'' LP). Nyro in fact invited Rundgren to become the musical director of her backing group, but his commitments to Nazz obliged him to decline. Rundgren's debut solo album ''Runt'' (1970) includes the strongly Nyro-influenced "Baby Let’s Swing," which was written about her and mentions her by name. Rundgren and Nyro remained friends for much of her professional career, and he subsequently assisted her with the recording of her album ''Mother's Spiritual''.

Discography

''Studio''

1967 – ''More Than a New Discovery'' (later reissued as ''Laura Nyro'', 1969, and as ''The First Songs'', 1973)

1968 – ''Eli and the Thirteenth Confession'' (reissued and remastered with bonus tracks, 2002, Columbia) US No. 181

1969 – ''New York Tendaberry'' (reissued and remastered with bonus tracks, 2002, Columbia) US No. 32

1970 – ''Christmas and the Beads of Sweat'' March 2008-BMG Sony (US division)

1971 – ''Gonna Take a Miracle'' (with Labelle) (reissued and remastered with bonus tracks, 2002, Columbia)

1976 – ''Smile''

1978 – ''Nested'' (reissued and remastered, 2008, http://www.iconoclassicrecords.com/)

1984 – ''Mother's Spiritual''

1993 – ''Walk the Dog and Light the Light''

2001 – ''Angel in the Dark'' (posthumous album recorded 1994–1995)

''Live''

1977 – ''Season of Lights'' (reissued and remastered, 2008, http://www.iconoclassicrecords.com/)

1989 – ''Laura: Live at the Bottom Line''

2000 – ''Live at Mountain Stage'' (recorded 1990)

2002 – ''Live: The Loom's Desire'' (recorded 1993–1994)

2003 – ''Live in Japan'' (recorded 1994)

2004 – ''Spread Your Wings and Fly: Live at the Fillmore East'' (May 30, 1971)

''Compilation''

1972 – ''Laura Nyro sings her Greatest Hits'' [Japan only]

1980 – ''Impressions''

1997 – ''Stoned Soul Picnic: The Best of Laura Nyro''

1999 – ''Premium Best Collection-Laura Nyro [Japan only]''

2000 – ''Time and Love: The Essential Masters''

2006 – ''Laura Nyro-Collections [Sony Europe]''

Audio samples

See also

Discussion at LGBT.wikia.com of 'Emmie' as pop's first lesbian love song

References

External links

Laura Nyro authorised fan site

American National Biography

Laura Nyro singing Save the Country at Kraft Music Hall

Laura Nyro singing Poverty Train Monterey Pop Festival 1967

Category:1947 births Category:1997 deaths Category:American female singers Category:American pop pianists Category:American pop singers Category:Bisexual musicians Category:Female rock singers Category:American Jews Category:American musicians of Italian descent Category:American musicians of Russian descent Category:LGBT musicians from the United States Category:LGBT Jews Category:Musicians from New York Category:Deaths from ovarian cancer Category:People from the Bronx Category:People from Danbury, Connecticut Category:Cancer deaths in Connecticut Category:Verve Forecast Records artists Category:Jewish composers and songwriters Category:American rhythm and blues singers Category:American composers Category:American lyricists Category:American rock pianists Category:American rock singer-songwriters Category:American pop singer-songwriters Category:Columbia Records artists Category:Verve Records artists Category:Pseudonymous musicians

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