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DreamWorks
DreamWorks Pictures, also known as DreamWorks, LLC, DreamWorks SKG, DreamWorks Studios or DW Studios, LLC, is an American film studio which develops, produces, and distributes films, video games and television programming. It has produced or distributed more than ten films with box-office grosses totalling more than $100 million each.
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Germany
Germany (), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (, ), is a country in Western Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands. The territory of Germany covers 357.021 km2 and is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. With 81.8 million inhabitants, it is the most populous member state of the European Union, and home to the third-largest number of international migrants worldwide.
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Japan
Japan (日本 Nihon or Nippon), officially the State of Japan ( or Nihon-koku), is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south. The characters that make up Japan's name mean "sun-origin" (because it lies to the east of nearby countries), which is why Japan is sometimes referred to as the "Land of the Rising Sun".
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London () is the capital of England and the United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its founding by the Romans, who called it Londinium. London's core, the ancient City of London, largely retains its square-mile mediaeval boundaries. Since at least the 19th century, the name London has also referred to the metropolis developed around this core. The bulk of this conurbation forms the London region and the Greater London administrative area, governed by the elected Mayor of London and the London Assembly.
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Zweites Deutsches Fernsehen (English: "Second German Television"), ZDF, is a public-service German television channel based in Mainz. It is run as an independent non-profit agency established by joint contract between the German federal states (Bundesländer). ZDF is funded by a television licence and advertising revenue.
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Kitarō
, better known as , (February 4, 1953) is a Grammy and Golden Globe award-winning Japanese musician, composer and multi-instrumentalist.
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Ultravox are a British New Wave rock band. They were one of the primary exponents of the British electronic pop music movement of the early 1980s. The band was particularly associated with the New Romantic and New Wave movements.
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Vangelis
Evangelos Odysseas Papathanassiou (born 29 March 1943; ), is a Greek composer of electronic jazz, progressive, ambient and orchestral music, under the artist name Vangelis.
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Zimmer, Hans Filmography
- The Dark Knight Rises (2012)
- Superman: Man of Steel (2012)
- Jealous of the Birds (2011)
- Rango (2011)
- The Dilemma (2011)
- Untitled Sherlock Holmes Sequel (2011)
- Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides (2011)
- Kung Fu Panda 2 (2011)
- RA. One (2010)
- Inception (2010)
- Hans Zimmer on 'The Thin Red Line' (2010)
- How Do You Know (2010)
- Henri 4 (2010)
- Megamind (2010)
- Mr. J (2010)
- Sherlock Holmes (2009)
- Hariuddo kantoku-gaku nyûmon (2009)
- Angels & Demons (2009)
- It's Complicated (2009)
- Kung Fu Panda (2008)
- Casi divas (2008)
- Madagascar: Escape 2 Africa (2008)
- Frost/Nixon (2008)
- The Dark Knight (2008)
- The Burning Plain (2008)
- Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End (2007)
- The Simpsons Movie (2007)
- The Da Vinci Code (2006)
- Backdraft: Igniting the Story (2006)
- Black Rain: Post-Production (2006)
- Trade Winds: The Collaboration (2006)
- Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest (2006)
- The Holiday (2006)
- Sanctuary: Lisa Gerrard (2006)
- Madagascar (2005)
- The Weather Man (2005)
- The 62nd Annual Golden Globe Awards (2005)
- Batman Begins (2005)
- Blood on the Land: The Making of a King (2005)
- Der kleine Eisbär 2 - Die geheimnisvolle Insel (2005)
- AFI's 100 Years... 100 Songs: America's Greatest Music in the Movies (2004)
- Spanglish (2004)
- Tricks of the Trade: Making 'Matchstick Men' (2004)
- The Journey of Rain Man (2004)
- Lauras Stern (2004)
- King Arthur (2004)
- Thunderbirds (2004)
- Shark Tale (2004)
- The Last Samurai (2003)
- Journey to Safety: Making 'Tears of the Sun' (2003)
- Matchstick Men (2003)
- Miss Daisy's Journey: From Stage to Screen (2003)
- Something's Gotta Give (2003)
- Thelma & Louise: The Last Journey (2003)
- Tears of the Sun (2003)
- Thelma & Louise: The Last Journey (2003)
- The Essence of Combat: Making 'Black Hawk Down' (2002)
- The Essence of Combat: Making 'Black Hawk Down' (2002)
- The Ring (2002)
- Spirit: Stallion of the Cimarron (2002)
- Riding in Cars with Boys (2001)
- Breaking the Silence: The Making of 'Hannibal' (2001)
- Black Hawk Down (2001)
- Breaking the Silence: The Making of 'Hannibal' (2001)
- Hannibal (2001)
- Invincible (2001)
- Pearl Harbor (2001)
- The Pledge (2001)
- An Everlasting Piece (2000)
- Gladiator Games: The Roman Bloodsport (2000)
- The Road to El Dorado (2000)
- German Hollywood Dreams (2000)
- Hans Zimmer: Scoring Gladiator (2000)
- Mission: Impossible II (2000)
- Gladiator (2000)
- Hans Zimmer: Scoring Gladiator (2000)
- Chill Factor (1999)
- El candidato (1999)
- King of the Jungle (1999)
- The Last Days (1998)
- The Prince of Egypt (1998)
- The Thin Red Line (1998)
- Das Dritte Reich - In Farbe (1998)
- Musik im Spiegel der Gefühle (1998)
- As Good as It Gets (1997)
- Smilla's Sense of Snow (1997)
- The Peacemaker (1997)
- Broken Arrow (1996)
- Muppet Treasure Island (1996)
- The Rock (1996)
- The Preacher's Wife (1996)
- The Whole Wide World (1996)
- The Fan (1996)
- The 67th Annual Academy Awards (1995)
- The Making of 'Crimson Tide' (1995)
- Something to Talk About (1995)
- Nine Months (1995)
- Two Deaths (1995)
- Der Klang der Bilder (1995)
- Beyond Rangoon (1995)
- Crimson Tide (1995)
- I'll Do Anything (1994)
- Drop Zone (1994)
- Renaissance Man (1994)
- The Making of 'The Lion King' (1994)
- The Lion King: A Musical Journey with Elton John (1994)
- The Lion King (1994)
- Calendar Girl (1993)
- True Romance (1993)
- Cool Runnings (1993)
- Point of No Return (1993)
- Younger and Younger (1993)
- Space Rangers (1993)
- The House of the Spirits (1993)
- Radio Flyer (1992)
- A League of Their Own (1992)
- Spies Inc. (1992)
- The Power of One (1992)
- Toys (1992)
- Backdraft (1991)
- K2 (1991)
- Thelma & Louise (1991)
- Where Sleeping Dogs Lie (1991)
- To the Moon, Alice (1991)
- Regarding Henry (1991)
- Pacific Heights (1990)
- Chicago Joe and the Showgirl (1990)
- Green Card (1990)
- Arcadia (1990)
- Bird on a Wire (1990)
- Days of Thunder (1990)
- Fools of Fortune (1990)
- Black Rain (1989)
- Driving Miss Daisy (1989)
- Twister (1989)
- Diamond Skulls (1989)
- Paperhouse (1988)
- Rain Man (1988)
- The Nature of the Beast (1988)
- Taffin (1988)
- Burning Secret (1988)
- The Fruit Machine (1988)
- Nightmare at Noon (1988)
- First Born (1988)
- A World Apart (1988)
- The Wind (1987)
- Terminal Exposure (1987)
- Comeback (1987)
- Prick Up Your Ears (1987)
- Man kann ja nie wissen (1987)
- The Zero Boys (1986)
- Separate Vacations (1986)
- Wild Horses (1985)
- Insignificance (1985)
- Success Is the Best Revenge (1984)
- Histoire d'O: Chapitre 2 (1984)
German-born composer Hans Zimmer is recognized as one of Hollywood's most innovative musical talents, having first enjoyed success in the world of pop music as a member of The Buggles. The group's single Video Killed the Radio Star became a worldwide hit and helped usher in a new era of global entertainment as the first music video to be aired on MTV. Zimmer entered the world of film music in London during a long collaboration with famed composer and mentor 'Stanley Myers (I)' (qv), which included the film _My Beautiful Laundrette (1985)_ (qv). He soon began work on several successful solo projects, including the critically acclaimed A World Apart, and during these years Zimmer pioneered the use of combining old and new musical technologies. Today, this work has earned him the reputation of being the father of integrating the electronic musical world with traditional orchestral arrangements. A turning point in Zimmer's career came in 1988 when he was asked to score Rain Man for director 'Barry Levinson (I)' (qv). The film went on to win the Oscar for Best Picture of the Year and earned Zimmer his first Academy Award Nomination for Best Original Score. The next year, Zimmer composed the score for another Best Picture Oscar recipient, _Driving Miss Daisy (1989)_ (qv), starring 'Jessica Tandy' (qv), and 'Morgan Freeman (I)' (qv). Having already scored two Best Picture winners, in the early 1990s, Zimmer cemented his position as a pre-eminent talent with the award-winning score for _The Lion King (1994)_ (qv). The soundtrack has sold over 15 million copies to date and earned him an Academy Award for Best Original Score, a Golden Globe, an American Music Award, a Tony, and two Grammy Awards. In total, Zimmer's work has been nominated for 7 Golden Globes, 7 Grammys and seven Oscars for _Rain Man (1988)_ (qv), _Gladiator (2000)_ (qv), _The Lion King (1994)_ (qv), _As Good as It Gets (1997)_ (qv), The _The Preacher's Wife (1996)_ (qv), _The Thin Red Line (1998)_ (qv), _The Prince of Egypt (1998)_ (qv), and _The Last Samurai (2003)_ (qv). With his career in full swing, Zimmer was anxious to replicate the mentoring experience he had benefited from under 'Stanley Myers (I)' (qv)' guidance. With state-of-the-art technology and a supportive creative environment, Zimmer was able to offer film-scoring opportunities to young composers at his Santa Monica-based musical "think tank." This approach helped launch the careers of such notable composers as 'Mark Mancina' (qv), 'John Powell (I)' (qv), 'Harry Gregson-Williams' (qv), 'Nick Glennie-Smith' (qv), and 'Klaus Badelt' (qv). In 2000, Zimmer scored the music for _Gladiator (2000)_ (qv), for which he received an Oscar nomination, in addition to Golden Globe and Broadcast Film Critics Awards for his epic score. It sold more than three million copies worldwide and spawned a second album Gladiator: More Music From The Motion Picture, released on the Universal Classics/Decca label. Zimmer's other scores that year included _Mission: Impossible II (2000)_ (qv), _The Road to El Dorado (2000)_ (qv), and _An Everlasting Piece (2000)_ (qv), directed by 'Barry Levinson (I)' (qv). Some of his other impressive scores include _Pearl Harbor (2001)_ (qv), _The Ring (2002/I)_ (qv), four films directed by 'Ridley Scott' (qv); _Matchstick Men (2003)_ (qv), _Hannibal (2001)_ (qv), _Black Hawk Down (2001)_ (qv), and _Thelma & Louise (1991)_ (qv), 'Penny Marshall (I)' (qv)'s _Riding in Cars with Boys (2001)_ (qv), and _A League of Their Own (1992)_ (qv), 'Quentin Tarantino' (qv)'s _True Romance (1993)_ (qv), _Tears of the Sun (2003)_ (qv), 'Ron Howard (I)' (qv)'s _Backdraft (1991)_ (qv), _Days of Thunder (1990)_ (qv), _Smilla's Sense of Snow (1997)_ (qv), and the animated _Spirit: Stallion of the Cimarron (2002)_ (qv) for which he also co-wrote four of the songs with 'Bryan Adams (I)' (qv), including the Golden Globe nominated Here I Am. At the 27th annual Flanders International Film Festival, Zimmer performed live for the first time in concert with a 100-piece orchestra and a 100-piece choir. Choosing selections from his impressive body of work, Zimmer performed newly orchestrated concert versions of Gladiator, _Mission: Impossible II (2000)_ (qv), _Rain Man (1988)_ (qv), _The Lion King (1994)_ (qv), and _The Thin Red Line (1998)_ (qv). The concert was recorded by Decca and released as a concert album entitled "The Wings Of A Film: The Music Of Hans Zimmer." Last year, Zimmer completed his 100th film score for the film The Last Samurai, starring 'Tom Cruise' (qv), for which he received both a Golden Globe and a Broadcast Film Critics nomination. Recently, Zimmer scored 'Nancy Meyers' (qv)' comedy _Something's Gotta Give (2003)_ (qv), the animated Dreamworks film, _Shark Tale (2004)_ (qv) (featuring voices of 'Will Smith (I)' (qv), 'Renée Zellweger' (qv), 'Robert De Niro' (qv), 'Jack Black (I)' (qv), and 'Martin Scorsese' (qv)), and most recently, Jim Brooks' _Spanglish (2004)_ (qv) starring 'Adam Sandler (I)' (qv) and 'Téa Leoni' (qv) (for which he also received a Golden Globe nomination). His upcoming projects include Paramount's _The Weather Man (2005)_ (qv) starring 'Nicolas Cage' (qv), Dreamworks' _Madagascar (2005)_ (qv), and highly anticipated Warner Bros. summer release, _Batman Begins (2005)_ (qv). Zimmer's additional honors and awards include the prestigious Lifetime Achievement Award in Film Composition from the National Board of Review, and the Frederick Loewe Award in 2003 at the Palm Springs International Film Festival. He has also received ASCAP's Henry Mancini Award for Lifetime Achievement. Hans and his wife live in Los Angeles and he is the father of four children.
RELEASE
ALBUMS
- Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides: Mermaids
- Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides: Mutiny
- Inception: Dream Collapsing
- Inception: Time
- The Pacific: Honor
- Sherlock Holmes: Discombobulate
- Angels & Demons: 160 BPM
- The Dark Knight: Aggressive Expansion
- The Dark Knight: Why So Serious?
- Pirates Of The Caribbean: At World's End: Up Is Down
- Pirates Of The Caribbean: At World's End: Drink Up, Me Hearties
- Ancient China / Story of Shen
- Dumpling Warrior
- Inner Peace
- Musicians Village
- Save Kung Fu
- Daddy Issues
- Stealth Mode
- Gongmen Jail
- Rickshaw Chase
- Po and Shen / Face to Face
- More Cannons!
- Fireworks Factory
- Po Finds the Truth
- Invasion Begins
- Zen Ball Master
- My Fist Hungers for Justice
- Dumpling Warrior (remix)
- Guilty of Being Innocent of Being Jack Sparrow
- Angelica
- Mutiny
- The Pirate That Should Not Be
- Mermaids
- South of Heaven's Chanting Mermaids
- Palm Tree Escape
- Blackbeard
- Angry and Dead Again
- On Stranger Tides
- End Credits
- Guilty of Being Innocent of Being Jack Sparrow (remixed by DJ Earworm)
- Angelica (Grant Us Peace remix) (remixed by Ki: Theory)
- The Pirate That Should Not Be (remixed by Photek)
- Blackbeard (remixed by Super Mash Bros & Thieves)
- South of Heaven's Chanting Mermaids (remixed by Paper Diamond)
- Palm Tree Escape (remixed by Adam Freeland)
- Angry and Dead Again (remixed by Static Revenger)
- Rope-A-Dope
- The Bomber
- Going to War / Fire in a Brooklyn Theater
- The Pentagon (unused)
- The Search / Broken Arrow
- Desert Dawn
- Day Search
- Right Down There
- Something's Coming
- 10,000 Years
- Humvee Chase
- Mine Shaft 1
- Mine Shaft 2
- Welcome Amigo
- Rango Suite
- Certain Demise
- Medley: It's a Metaphore / Forkboy
- Welcome to Dirt V2
- Names Rango
- Lizard for Lunch
- Stuck in Guacamole
- Underground
- We Ride, Really!
- Rango and Beans
- Medley: Bats / Rango Theme / Ride of the Valkyries / An der schönen blauen Donau, Op. 314
- The Bank's Been Robbed
- Rango Returns
- La Muerte a Llegado
- It's a Miracle
- El Canelo
- The Sunset Shot
- Walk Don't Rango (feat. Arturo Sandoval)
- Rango Theme Song
- Giant Blue Head
- Tightenville (Hal's Theme)
- Bad to the Bone
- Stars and Tights
- Crab Nuggets
- A Little Less Conversation (Junkie XL remix)
- Mel-On-Cholly
- Ollo
- Roxanne (Love Theme)
- Alone Again Naturally
- Drama Queen
- Rejection in the Rain
- Lovin' You
- Black Mamba
- Game Over
- I'm the Bad Guy
- Evil Lair
- Half Remembered Dream
- We Built Our Own World
- Dream Is Collapsing
- Radical Notion
- Old Souls
- 528491
- Mombasa
- One Simple Idea
- Dream Within a Dream
- Waiting for a Train
- Paradox
- Time
- Opening Titles
- Extraction Point
- Breach
- Guerrilla Tactics
- Seige
- Infiltration
- Espirit de corps
- Retreat and Reveille
- Ordinance
- Contingency
- Onwards
- Code of Conduct
- Chain of Command
- Safeguard
- Deadline
- Protocol
- Coup de grâce
- Honor (Main Title Theme From "The Pacific")
- With the Old Breed (End Title Theme From "The Pacific")
- You Have No Idea
- Terrible Solomons
- Torn Souls
- Nightfall on Okinawa
- Private First Class Robert Leckie
- Fallen Friend
- We've Gone Respectable
- Iwo Jima
- Praying for You
- Even the Trees Hate Us
- Get the Wounded Aboard
- Memories of Home
- Landing Peleliu
- Adagio for Peleliu
- The Peleliu Hills
- Dear Vera
- Where Do We Go From Here?
- Men at War
- Sledge's Humanity
- War Is Hell
- Homecoming
- New Kind of Bomb
- Honor (For Oboe and Strings)
- Discombobulate
- Is It Poison, Nanny?
- I Never Woke Up in Handcuffs Before
- My Mind Rebels at Stagnation
- Data, Data, Data
- He's Killed the Dog Again
- Marital Sabotage
- Not in Blood, but in Bond
- Ah, Putrefaction
- Panic, Shear Bloody Panic
- Psychological Recovery... 6 Months
- Catatonic
- Vivienda campesina
- Vagoneta costosa
- Alteracion
- Pelearse de palabra
- Soberana en ciudad
- El vestirse
- Atemorizado
- Apunte
- El demonio
- Escandalo
- Desercion
- La seleccion
- Nuevo novio
- Una batalla vigorosa
- El afecto
- Lloriqueo
- Peinado
- El amorio
- Mujer maligno
- Si senor
- Un beso
- Volviendo a casa
- Noche senorita
- Eliminado
- Por favor, no vaya
- Dos monedas
- Las estrellas para ella
- Salir
- Amigos para siempre
- Imagen
- Yo voy a ser (I Am Going to Be)
- Casi divas
- I Am Going to Be
- Road to Fame
- Watergate
- The Numbers
- Hello, Good Evening and Welcome
- Pardon the Phlebitis
- Status
- Beverly Hilton
- Money
- Frost Despondent
- Insanely Risky
- Cambodia
- Research Montage
- The Final Interview
- Nixon Defeated
- First Ideas
- Hero
- Let the Tournament Begin
- Dragon Warrior Is Among Us
- Tai Lung Escapes
- Peach Tree of Wisdom
- Accu-Flashback
- Impersonating Shifu
- Sacred Pool of Tears
- Training Po
- The Bridge
- Shifu Faces Tai Lung
- The Dragon Scroll
- Po Vs Tai Lung
- Dragon Warrior Rises
- Panda Po
- Oogway Ascends
- Kung Fu Fighting
- Why So Serious?
- I'm Not a Hero
- Harvey Two-Face
- Aggressive Expansion
- Always a Catch
- Blood on My Hands
- A Little Push
- Like a Dog Chasing Cars
- I Am the Batman
- And I Thought My Jokes Were Bad
- Agent of Chaos
- Introduce a Little Anarchy
- Watch the World Burn
- A Dark Knight
- Gladiator: Symphonic Suite
- Gladiator: Now We Are Free (vocal version)
- The Thin Red Line: The Village
- Thelma & Louise: Main Title
- The Da Vinci Code: Chevaliers De Sangreal
- The Da Vinci Code: Kyrie for the Magdalene
- Rain Man: Las Vegas
- Rain Man: Main Theme
- Days of Thunder: Main Title
- Pearl Harbor: Heart of the Volunteer
- The Last Samurai: Suite
- Moonlight Serenade
- To the Pirates' Cave / Skull and Crossbones
- Underwater March
- The Black Pearl / Will and Elizabeth
- Barbossa Is Hungry
- Davy Jones
- The Kraken
- Dinner Is Served
- Jack Sparrow
- I See Dead People in Boats
- Up Is Down
- What Shall We Die For
- I Don't Think Now Is the Best Time
- Drink Up Me Hearties
Pirates of the Caribbean: Soundtrack Treasures Collection
(Released 2007)
add all to playlist
select all
- Hoist the Colours
- Singapore
- At Wit's End
- Multiple Jacks
- Up Is Down
- I See Dead People in Boats
- The Brethren Court
- Parlay
- Calypso
- What Shall We Die For
- I Don't Think Now Is the Best Time
- One Day
- Drink Up Me Hearties
- The Simpsons Theme (orchestral version)
- Trapped Like Carrots
- Doomsday Is Family Time
- Release the Hounds
- Clap for Alaska
- What's an Epiphany?
- Thank You Boob Lady
- You Doomed Us All... Again
- ...Lead, Not to Read
- Why Does Everything I Whip Leave Me?
- Bart's Doodle
- World's Fattest Fertilizer Salesman
- His Big Fat Butt Could Shield Us All
- Spider Pig
- Recklessly Impulsive
- Gladiator: Symphonic Suite
- Gladiator: Now We Are Free (vocal version)
- The Thin Red Line: The Village
- Thelma & Louise: Main Title
- The Da Vinci Code: Chevaliers De Sangreal
- The Da Vinci Code: Kyrie for the Magdalene
- Rain Man: Las Vegas
- Rain Man: Main Theme
- Days of Thunder: Main Title
- Pearl Harbor: Heart of the Volunteer
- The Last Samurai: Suite
- Hoist the Colours
- Singapore
- At Wit's End
- Multiple Jacks
- Up Is Down
- I See Dead People in Boats
- The Brethren Court
- Parlay
- Calypso
- What Shall We Die For
- I Don't Think Now Is the Best Time
- One Day
- Drink Up Me Hearties
- Maestro
- Iris and Jasper
- Kayak for One
- Zero
- Dream Kitchen
- Separate Vacations
- Anything Can Happen
- Light My Fire
- Definitely Unexpected
- If I Wanted to Call You
- Roadside Rhapsody
- Busy Guy
- For Nancy
- It's Complicated
- Kiss Goodbye
- Verso E Prosa
- Meu Passado
- The 'Cowch'
- Three Musketeers
- Christmas Surprise
- Gumption
- Cry
- A Grave Injustice
- Hummel Gets the Rockets
- Defusing the Bomb
- Tour's Over
- Hummel's Speech
- Mason Breaks the Glass
- The Chase
- Jade
- The Mission
- The Mission (alternate)
- Welcome to the Rock
- Welcome to the Rock (short alternate)
- Shower Room Massacre
- Bomb's Away
- The Morgue, Part I
- The Morgue, Part II
- Burning Secret: Suite
- My Beautiful Laundrette: My Beautiful Laundrette
- The Fruit Machine: Suite
- A World Apart: End Title
- Fools of Fortune: The Island
- Jack Sparrow
- The Kraken
- Davy Jones
- I've Got My Eye on You
- Dinner Is Served
- Tia Dalma
- Two Hornpipes (Tortuga)
- A Family Affair
- Wheel of Fortune
- You Look Good Jack
- Hello Beastie
- He's a Pirate (Tiësto remix)
- Dies Mercurii i Martius
- L'esprit des Gabriel
- The Paschal Spiral
- Fructus gravis
- Ad arcana
- Malleus maleficarum
- Salvete virgines
- Daniel's 9th Cipher
- Poisoned Chalice
- The Citrine Cross
- Rose of Arimathea
- Beneath Alrischa
- Chevaliers de Sangreal
- Kyrie for the Magdalene
- Progeny
- The Wheat
- The Battle
- Earth
- Sorrow
- To Zucchabar
- Patricide
- The Emperor Is Dead
- The Might of Rome
- Strength and Honor
- Reunion
- Slaves to Rome
- Barbarian Horde
- Am I Not Merciful?
- Elysium
- Honor Him
- Now We Are Free
- Circle of Life
- Scar
- This Land
- Morning Report
- Simba and Scar (unused) / Simba and Nala
- I Just Can't Wait to Be King
- Elephant Graveyard
- Father and Son
- Hyenas (unused)
- Be Prepared
- Setting the Trap
- Stampede
- What Have You Done?
- Kill Him
- A New Era / Bowling for Buzzards
- Simba Awakens (unused)
- Hakuna Matata
- Zazu Sings
- Hyenas Complain to Scar
- Under the Stars
- Simba Is Alive!
- Hunting / Reunion
- Can You Feel the Love Tonight
- Argument / You're Mufasa's Boy
- He Lives in You
- Simba Returns / This Is My Home
- A Diversion
- The Battle of Pride Rock / The Ascension / End Credits, Part I
- Can You Feel the Love Tonight / End Credits, Part II
- Vespertilio
- Eptesicus
- Myotis
- Barbastella
- Artibeus
- Tadarida
- Macrotus
- Antrozous
- Nycteris
- Molossus
- Corynorhinus
- Lasiurus
- The Well
- Before You Die You See the Ring
- This Is Going to Hurt
- Burning Tree
- Not Your Mommy
- Shelter Mountain
- The Ferry
- I'll Follow Your Voice
- She Never Sleeps
- Let the Dead Get In
- Seven Days
- Television
- Spanglish
- The Beach
- Welcome to the Claskys
- Drunk and Disorderly
- John Comes Home
- Learning English
- No Left
- Malibu
- Cooking
- Bus Stop
- They Can't Take That Away From Me
- Set Me In Motion
- Fighting 17th
- Brothers
- The Arsonist's Waltz
- 335
- Burn It All
- You Go, We Go
- Fahrenheit 451
- Show Me Your Firetruck
- The Show Goes On
- Hans Zimmer Interview (Bonus Track)
- Thunderbirds Are Go! (Original TV Series Theme)
- International Rescue
- Lady Penelope: At Your Service
- The Hood
- You Need to Grow Up
- Can't Wait to Be a Thunderbird
- Galion Electrolyte Compound
- TB 3 Takeoff
- Tracy Island
- Junior Mission
- Fafafa... No Way!
- Thunderize!
- Lady Penelope to the Rescue
- Buggy Chase
- Major Disaster
- Bank of England
- F.A.B.
- Thunderbirds Are Go!
- Seven Days to Die
- Aidan
- Drawing / Investigation
- A Little Lighthouse Music
- Floating Minds
- Overboard
- Under the Rug
- End Credits
- A Way of Life
- Spectres in the Fog
- Taken
- A Hard Teacher
- To Know My Enemy
- Idyll's End
- Safe Passage
- Ronin
- Red Warrior
- The Way of the Sword
- A Small Measure of Peace
- L'histoire de la vie
- Je voudrais déjà être roi
- Soyez prêtes
- Hakuna Matata
- L'amour brille sous les étoiles
- Le rapport du matin
- Terres interdites
- La tentation de Simba
- Les Hyènes
- Sous les étoiles
- Sur le rocher des lions
- Can You Feel the Love Tonight? (End Title)
- Can You Feel the Love Tonight? (remix)
- Circle of Life
- The Good Life
- Ichi-Ni-San
- Matchstick Men
- Weird Is Good
- Ticks & Twitches
- I Have a Daughter Cuts
- Keep the Change
- Mines
- Nosy Parker
- Pool Light / Pygmies!
- Roy's Rules
- Carpeteria
- Shame On You
- Tuna Fish and Cigarettes
- No More Pills
- The Banker's Waltz
- The Time of Your Life
- Turn Back the Hands of Time
- Baby, Baby
- It's a Boy
- Voodoo Woman
- Baby's Room
- From Russia...
- We Can Work It Out
- Open Your Eyes
- Let's Get It On
- Yekeleni Part I / Mia's Lullabye
- Heart of Darkness
- Small Piece for Doumbek and Strings / Kopano Part I
- Under the Forest Calm
- Yekeleni Part II / Carnage
- Kopano Part II
- Night
- Cry in Silence
- The Jablonsky Variations on a Theme by Hz / Cameroon Border Post
- The Journey / Kopano Part III
- The Journey
- Siegfried, the Iron King
- Master of the Occult
- The Prophecy
- Souls
- Martha Lifts the Elephant
- Visions
- The Unknown Just
- Benjamin Believes
- Piano Concerto No. 3 in C minor, Op. 37: II. Largo
- Ombra Mai Fu (feat. Roni Kirwan)
- Sweet and Lovely (feat. Max Raabe & Palast Orchester)
- You're the Cream in My Coffee (feat. Max Raabe & Palast Orchester)
- The Angler
- Boogie Man
- Jerry & Lori
- Church Nightmare
- Revisit Crime Scene
- My Coat
- The Wizard
- Ex Cop
- He'd Rather Not
- Land of Christmas
- Reading Stories
- Turkeys
- The Pledge
- The Swing
- Ginny's Picture
- You're Crazy
- Dear Clarice
- Aria da capo (feat. piano: Glenn Gould)
- The Capponi Library
- Gourmet Valse Tartare
- Avarice
- For a Small Stipend
- Virtue
- Let My Home Be My Gallows
- The Burning Heart
- To Every Captive Soul
- Vide Cor Meum
- Firenze di notte
- Duduk of the North
- Now We Are Free (Juba's mix)
- The Protector of Rome
- Homecoming
- The General Who Became a Slave
- The Slave Who Became a Gladiator
- Secrets
- Rome Is the Light
- All That Remains
- Maximus
- Marrakesh Marketplace
- The Gladiator Waltz
- Figurines
- The Mob
- Busy Little Bee
- Death Smiles at Us All
- Not Yet
- Now We Are Free (Maximus mix)
- Repo Man
- The Demon Barber of Dublin
- One Hundred and Ninety
- Day Job
- You Gotta Lose to Win
- Toupée or Not Toupée
- The Rant
- Glass Slipper
- I'm a Dick
- It Takes a Woman
- The Piecemaker
- Piece on Earth
- The Piece People
- F**kin' Genius
- Piece Offering
- Jiggy's Last Jam
- Main Title
- Test Drive
- A New Driver
- Introduction
- Cole's Round
- Car Building
- Darlington / First Victory
- Kamikaze Drivers
- The Crash
- Casualty Ward / Talk to Me
- Wheelchair Race
- Cole and Claire / Rental Car Chase
- Cole's Call / Dating Claire
- See Me Drive
- Drafting
- Atlanta / Burning Car
- Cole vs. Russ
- Reflections
- Drive My Car / Rowdy's Wish
- Scared
- Harry's Speech / Daytona
- Dawn
- Victory Lane
- End Title
- Radio Flyer: Building the Flyer / On the Road to Geronimo / Lost Secrets and Fascinations
- Radio Flyer: Expeditionning / Mix the Potion / Four Discoveries
- Radio Flyer: Sampson and Shane / Fisher's Legend / The Big Idea
- The Restaurant / Sato
- Through the Mirror
- Osaka
- The Handing Over
- Black Rain
- The Club
- Joyce's Theme
- Motorcycle Gang
- The Photo / The Tip
- Nick Steals the Money
- Charlie Loses His Head
- Sorrow
- Outburst of Rage
- The Overshadow
- Chase to the Steel Plant
- The Steel Plant, Part 1
- The Steel Plant, Part 2
- The Steel Plant, Part 3
- The Steel Plant, Part 4
- Sugai / The Deal
- Sato's Escape / Nick's Arrest
- Nick's Decision
- Nick's Confession / Waiting
- Creep Up
- The Yakuza-Codex
- The Final Confrontation
- Nick and Masa
- Shaman's Song
- Stories for a Thousand Years
- The Journey Begins
- The Stone Drag
- Courting Song / Love in the Himalayas
- Inventing Reality
- Fiddlers / Pilgrimage to Wirikuta
- The Shock of the Other
- Race of the Initiates
- The Art of Living
- Geerewol Celebrations
- Song of the Dead
- Pilgrims' Chant / In the Land of the Ancestors
- An Ecology of Mind
- Well Song / A Desert Home
- Initiation Chant / Rites of Passage
- The Journey Continues
- Millennium Theme
- The Coral Atoll
- The Lagoon
- Journey to the Line
- Light
- Beam
- Air
- Stone in My Heart
- The Village
- Silence
- God Yu Tekem Laef Blong Mi
- Sit Back and Relax
- Greenland: Anno 1859
- Isiah's Theme
- Smilla Learns More
- Threatened With Jail
- Who Is the Mechanic?
- Secrets of the Ship
- Chase at Sea
- Greenland Revisited
- The Truth Revealed
- End Titles
- The Love Theme
- Two Sides of Bob
- Conan Emerges
- Novalyne Reflects
- The Telegram
- A Yarn Unfolds
- Letters at Sunset/The Cabin
- Bob's Despair
- ...Let Go of Your Mother
- Novalyne's Theme
- Sombrero
- End Titles
- Dysfunctionally Yours
- Kings of Carolina
- Dinner for Two
- The Witches
- Grace
- Southern Comfort
- Fall Horses
- Waters of Irrawaddy
- Memories of the Dead
- I Dreamt I Woke Up
- Freedom From Fear
- Brother Morphine
- Our Ways Will Part
- Village Under Siege
- Beyond Rangoon
- Der ewige Kreis
- Ich will jetzt gleich König sein
- Seid bereit
- Hakuna Matata
- Kann es wirklich Liebe sein
- Dieses Land
- Zum Sterben schön
- Hyänen
- Unter dem Sternenhimmel
- Der König ist zurückgekehrt
- Can You Feel The Love Tonight
- Welcome to the Army
- Letter From Home
- Serving Your Country
- To Thine Own Self...
- Stay With Me
- Victory Starts Here
- Benitez Does Henry
- Everyone Is a Hero
- To Be or Not to Be
- Drop Zone
- Hyphopera
- Hijack
- Terry's Dropped Out
- Flashback / Fries
- Miami Jump
- Too Many Notes, Not Enough Rest
- After the Dub
- The Calendar
- 1962 About Girls
- Life Change
- Is Marilyn Time?
- Make History
- Remember / Night Walk
- It Must Be Her
- The Beach
- Problem With Brothers
- The Fight
- False Situation
- She Said No
- A Date in 20 Minutes
- Counting Down the Years
- Finally
- Hate
- Happy Birthday, Maggie
- Wedding Bells
- Hells Kitchen
- Here Comes the Sun
- I Want a Little Suger in My Bowl
- Feeling Good
- Wild Is the Wind
- Black Is the Color of My True Love's Hair
- Part I-Building the Flyer-On the Road to Geronimo-Lost Secrets and Fascinations
- Part II-Expeditioning-Mix the Potion-Four Discoveries
- Part III-Sampson & Shane-Fisher's Legend-The Big Idea
- The Name Game (Performed by Shirley Ellis)
- The Rainmaker
- Mother Africa
- Of Death & Dying
- Limpopo River Song (feat. The Bulawayo Church Choir)
- The Power of One (feat. Teddy Pendergrass)
- Woza Mfana
- Southland Concerto
- Senzenina
- Penny Whistle Song
- The Funeral Song (feat. The Bulawayo Church Choir)
- Wangal' Unozipho (feat. The Bulawayo Church Choir)
- Mother Africa Reprise
- Walkin' Talkin' Man
- A Cold Day in NY
- Blowfish
- Ritz
- Henry vs. Henry
- Ritz Part II
- I Don't Like Eggs
- Gotta Get Me Some of That
- Central Park, 6pm
- Buddy Grooves
- Subway Drums
- Instinct
- Restless Elephants
- Cafe Afrika
- Greenhouse
- Moonlight
- 9am Central Park
- Clarinet Concerto in A major, K. 622
- Silence
- Instinct II
- Asking You
- Por Bronte
- Eyes on the Prize
- Nkosi Sikelelai / Afrika
- A World Apart Suite
- Zithulele Mama
- Amandla
- The Pennywhistle Song
- Let's Twist Again
- Bhayakala
- Molly's Theme
- End Title
- Once Upon a Time in the... / The Ball
- Young and Scientific
- My Killing Hand
- Pyramids of the Reich
- Transmission
- Holding On
- Moonlight in Vermont
- 2529
- On the Borderline
- Stranded
- Movies for Eva
- 1M1
- 2M2
- 2M3
- 2M4
- 3M5
- 5M6
- 6M8X
- 7M9 - 10
- 8M11
- Wild Pan Pipes
- 12M14 - 15
- Source Music
- 9M13
- 9M13 With Vocals and Percusion
- 13M16
- 13M17
- 14M18
- End Titles
- 8M12 (remix)
- 12M14 - 15
- 9M13 - End Titles (reprise)
- The Character Themes
- Dark Intentions / The Arrival
- Aquarius
- Main Theme
- Jamie's Death
- The Aim
- Gas-Station Shootout
- Rick Is Back / Burning Gas Station
- Police Chase
- Bank Robbery / Motorcycle Chase
- On the Journey, Part 1
- Researches
- On the Journey, Part 2
- Way to the Zoo
- Pling Plong
- Monochrome
- You Should Carry More Money Than That
- Visions of Spongebob
- Living Funeral
- Hot Apple Pie
- Melanchromy
- Who Knows...
- Remember Me
- Beachbonding
- Me and My Self
- Don Juan
- Beautifull Mom
- With You
- Discover
- Nice Time
- Is My Place
- Togheter
- In Love
- Seducction
- You Love Someone
- Still Remeber
- Time to Back
- In Home
- End Credits
- Here I Am
- Swimming
- Young Hearts
- Investigating
- The Long Road
- Rain
- Iron Horse Camp / Pulling
- Triumph Over the Colonel
- Fallen Rain
- Train Escape
- Canyon Chase
- The Long Road Back
- Reunion (Love Found Us)
- Run Free
- Overture
- Is Anybody There?
- Sanctus
- I'll Be Back
- The Staircase
- Me & My Daughter, We Get on Like a House on Fire
- Dreamworks Opening
- Deliver Us
- Chariot Race
- Reprimand
- Presenting Desert Flower
- Desert Flower
- Following Tzipporah
- All I Ever Wanted - Heroglyph Nightmare
- This Is Your Home - Slavery
- The Camels
- Through Heaven's Eyes
- The Vision
- Ramses Pardons Moses
- Playing With the Big Boys
- Ramses vs. Moses
- Nile of Blood
- The Plagues
- Prologue
- Prologue (short version)
- Prologue (alternate)
- Woads Attack
- Enemy Life
- Back to Hadrian's Wall (alternate I)
- Back to Hadrian's Wall (alternate II)
- Back to Hadrian's Wall
- Into the Castle
- To Freedom!
- Final Orders
- Mercy for My Knights
- Arthur & Lancelot
- Arthur & Lancelot (alternate)
- On the Road
- Saxons
- Saxon's Leader
- The Knights March
- Saxons' Plan
- Woads Trap
- Marius Evilness
- Ready to Go
- Prison of Hell
- Guinevere
- Destruction
- Burn It All
- Fairy Tales
- A Bad Omen
- Looking at Her
- Sarthur & Merlin (Memories)
- Marius Death / Help or Die
- The German Battlefront
- The German Battlefront (alternate version)
- Commodus and Lucilla
- Aftermath
- Earth
- The Campus
- Loving Daughter, Good Father
- The Protector of Rome
- The Protector of Rome (short version)
- Figurines
- Figurines (alternate version)
- Patricide
- The Emperor Is Dead
- Escape / Homecoming
- Desert Journey
- Sorrow
- Desert Journey (alternate edit)
- The Caravan in the Desert
- Caravan in the Desert (extended version)
- Marrakesh Marketplace
- To Zucchabar
- Somalia 1993 / Hunger Is the Weapon
- Leaving / Ambush
- Barra Barra
- October 3rd / Pray
- Preparing to Go to Bakara
- Bakara
- Missing / Synchrotone
- Synchrotone (alternate)
- Militia Is Coming
- Super 61 Down
- Mogadishu Blues
- We Got a Black Hawk Down
- Ashes to Ashes
- He's Dead / Cover Fire
- Night Battle / Cavalry
- Truck Battle Over the Streets of Mogadishu
- Hi Jack
- Mission Impossible Theme
- Seville
- Nyah
- Spanish Car Race
- The Heist
- The Bait
- Nyah's Infiltration
- Ambrose
- Destitute
- I'm Gagging for It
- Nyah's True Mission
- Chimera
- Nyah and Ethan
- Bio-Techno
- Nyah's Infiltration Extended
- Bare Island
- Rage
- Mano a Mano
- End Title
- Nyah (Different mix)
- Tennesee
- Brothers
- ... and Then I Kissed Him
- I'm Alive
- Hostile Imminent
- First Strike
- Under Attack
- Everybody to the Hospital
- Chaos
- Dorie the Hero
- Sinking of the Arizona
- Trapped
- Overhead
- Airborne
- Hospital Chaos
- Heart of a Volunteer
- Lauch Now
- End Credits
- Trailer
- There You'll Be (Performed by Faith Hill)
- Goliath (Domestic Trailer)
- Trailblazing (International Trailer)
- Bosnia
- Train
- Chase Film Version
- Nuclear Foult
- Kodoroff
- Is Alive
- Evidence
- Password
- Outside Line
- The Real World
- Sarajevo
- Piano Teacher
- The Frontier
- Impass
- I Need More Time
- Davoe's Revenge
- I Never...
- Your Need People Need You
- I'm Not a Monster
- Piano Sereno
- I Must Go
- Russia's Dangerous
- Peacemaker
- Encounter
- Family
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Inception Soundtrack HD - #12 Time (Hans Zimmer)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:36
- Published: 23 Jul 2010
- Updated: 18 Jun 2012
This is the twelfth title (Time) of the Inception soundtrack made by Hans Zimmer. Story: Inception is a 2010 American science fiction action film written, produced, and directed by Christopher Nolan and starring Leonardo DiCaprio, Ken Watanabe, Joseph Gordon-Levitt, Marion Cotillard, Ellen Page, and Cillian Murphy. The film, essentially a caper movie, centers on Dom Cobb, a thief who enters the dreams of others to obtain information that is otherwise inaccessible. We are thankful for comments, rating and subscribing. MovieZoneET
http://wn.com/Inception_Soundtrack_HD__#12_Time_Hans_Zimmer
Hans Zimmer - Greatest Hits
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:58
- Published: 01 Feb 2008
- Updated: 17 Jun 2012
Some of the best film music by Hans Zimmer
http://wn.com/Hans_Zimmer__Greatest_Hits
Hans Zimmer - Black Hawk Down (Main Theme)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:49
- Published: 22 Feb 2008
- Updated: 18 Jun 2012
HQ : www.youtube.com FAQ: 1) Used program: Windovs Movie Maker 2) Song: The song is called "Gortoz a ran - J'attends" (means "I await") The lyrics are in breton, a celtic language from Brittany, western France. The composer is breton singer Denez Prigent, who performs it with Lisa Gerrard. It's from his album "Irvi". Ridley Scott asked for it to be on the Black Hawk Down soundtrack. THANK YOU pabienpeur =)
http://wn.com/Hans_Zimmer__Black_Hawk_Down_Main_Theme
True Romance # You're so cool! - Hans Zimmer
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:41
- Published: 05 Nov 2006
- Updated: 17 Jun 2012
Some pictures of True Romance (the first minutes), in chronological order. !No big spoiler! 'True Romance' (1993) written by Quentin Tarantino / Roger Avary, directed by Tony Scott, with Christian Slater and Patricia Arquette. Score/Soundtrack: You're so cool! by Hans Zimmer One of my favorite soundtracks. Some more vids about True Romance will follow. Maybe. ---- this video was republished _without_ my permission (among others) by "Benangel" (MyVideo) and "paradixman" (Dailymotion).
http://wn.com/True_Romance_#_You're_so_cool!__Hans_Zimmer
Hans Zimmer - Injection
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:49
- Published: 14 Feb 2008
- Updated: 18 Jun 2012
Off the album 'Mission Impossible 2 - The Soundtrack'.
http://wn.com/Hans_Zimmer__Injection
Hans Zimmer - Chevaliers de Sangreal
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:08
- Published: 22 Oct 2007
- Updated: 18 Jun 2012
From the movie "The Davinci Code," here's Chevaliers de Sangreal by Hans Zimmer. Disclaimer: I do not own the music by Hans Zimmer.
http://wn.com/Hans_Zimmer__Chevaliers_de_Sangreal
Best of Hans Zimmer - beautiful soundtracks
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:04
- Published: 13 Jul 2008
- Updated: 18 Jun 2012
Last Samurai and Lion King 1. Last Samurai 00:00 - 01:32 "Spectres in the fog" 2. Lion King 01:32 - 04:00 "This Land" 3. Last Samurai 04:00 - 05:04 "Taken" 4. Last Samurai 05:04 - 07:10 "Red Warrior" 5. Last Samurai 07:10 - 10:04 "Safe Passage" feeling of strength, peace, love, honor and freedom.. combined with the movie it's epic
http://wn.com/Best_of_Hans_Zimmer__beautiful_soundtracks
Hans Zimmer - He's a Pirate
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:33
- Published: 20 Dec 2008
- Updated: 18 Jun 2012
Pirates of the Caribbean theme song.
http://wn.com/Hans_Zimmer__He's_a_Pirate
Hans Zimmer - A Small Measure of Peace
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:59
- Published: 23 Feb 2008
- Updated: 17 Jun 2012
Full song by Hans Zimmer from the Last Samurai OST. The most beautiful classical song ever created. For those who prefer high quality videos, I have reuploaded this in HD. Click this link: www.youtube.com
http://wn.com/Hans_Zimmer__A_Small_Measure_of_Peace
Epic Music Mix 16 - Hans Zimmer HD
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 20:09
- Published: 02 Nov 2011
- Updated: 18 Jun 2012
Hans Zimmer - A genius I had to make a mix about his work. I think there will be a Part Two in the future :) Tracklist: 00:00 - 02:02 : Tennessee 02:03 - 03:57 : On The Road 03:58 - 05:30 : Zoosters Breakout 05:31 - 06:38 : He's A Pirate (Klaus Badelt) 06:39 - 08:22 : Like A Dog Chasing Cars (James Newton Howard) 08:23 - 09:50 : Time 09:51 - 12:11 : Now We Are Free (Lisa Gerrard) 12:12 - 13:44 : This Land 13:45 - 16:22 : Red Warrior 16:23 - 20:07 : Gortoz A Ran (Denez Prigent, Lisa Gerrard) I don't own the music and the images. All music and images belong to their rightful owners. No copyright infringement intended.
http://wn.com/Epic_Music_Mix_16__Hans_Zimmer_HD
The Dark Knight Soundtrack - I'm Not A Hero
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:33
- Published: 14 Jul 2008
- Updated: 17 Jun 2012
One of the best songs of The Dark Knight Soundtrack by Hans Zimmer and James Newton Howard. It comes out when Batman jumps off the Sky Scraper via the 'Sky Hook' stunt, in the begining when gordon has the Batsignal on, and when Bruce is recreating the bullet for fingerprints.
http://wn.com/The_Dark_Knight_Soundtrack__I'm_Not_A_Hero
Inception Soundtrack HD - #3 Dream Is Collapsing (Hans Zimmer)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:24
- Published: 22 Jul 2010
- Updated: 17 Jun 2012
This is the third title (Dream Is Collapsing) of the Inception soundtrack made by Hans Zimmer. Story: Inception is a 2010 American science fiction action film written, produced, and directed by Christopher Nolan and starring Leonardo DiCaprio, Ken Watanabe, Joseph Gordon-Levitt, Marion Cotillard, Ellen Page, and Cillian Murphy. The film, essentially a caper movie, centers on Dom Cobb, a thief who enters the dreams of others to obtain information that is otherwise inaccessible. We are thankful for comments, rating and subscribing. MovieZoneET
http://wn.com/Inception_Soundtrack_HD__#3_Dream_Is_Collapsing_Hans_Zimmer
Crimson Tide - Theme
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:35
- Published: 07 May 2008
- Updated: 17 Jun 2012
The Theme of the Movie Crimson Tide by Hans Zimmer ***If I hurt anoyone's copyright please tell me this so I will delet this video immediatly.***
http://wn.com/Crimson_Tide__Theme
Hans Zimmer - A Way of Life
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:04
- Published: 02 Mar 2008
- Updated: 17 Jun 2012
This song is very similar to "A Small Measure of Peace," but I think it's so good in its own right that I decided to upload it as well. It has a much more tranquil feeling in the beginning.
http://wn.com/Hans_Zimmer__A_Way_of_Life
Hans Zimmer Greatest Hits Mixed
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 35:49
- Published: 14 Nov 2011
- Updated: 18 Jun 2012
Homage to Zimmer. All music composed by Hans Zimmer. Mixed by myself on Audacity. Follow me on Twitter @donohof and on Soundcloud for more mixes. NOTE: New longer mix of various composers Great Movie and Film Soundtracks Mixed 2012 uploaded 21/4/12 see my channel and new 87min Zimmer mix now my channel TRACKLISTING BELOW: Dream is Collapsing (Inception), Like a dog chasing cars (The Dark Knight), Spectres in the fog (Last Samurai), Modern Warfare 2 - Ending Long Version, Roll Tide Pt 1 (Crimson Tide), Barbarian Horde (Gladiator), The Rock Main Theme (The Rock), Roll Tide Pt 2 - Eternal Father Strong To Save (Crimson Tide), I'm Maximus Decimus Denirius (Gladiator), Chevaliers De Sangreal (Da Vinci Code), Time (Inception), The Journey Kopano Part III (Tears Of The Sun), You're So Cool (True Romance), Discombobulate (Sherlock Holmes), Honor Him (Gladiator).
http://wn.com/Hans_Zimmer_Greatest_Hits_Mixed
Hans Zimmer - Pirates of the Caribbean - Soundtrack
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:32
- Published: 30 Mar 2008
- Updated: 18 Jun 2012
The soundtrack to Pirates of the Caribbean
http://wn.com/Hans_Zimmer__Pirates_of_the_Caribbean__Soundtrack
Hans Zimmer: "160 BPM"
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:46
- Published: 18 Nov 2009
- Updated: 17 Jun 2012
Hans Zimmer: "160 BPM" From the Album: Angels & Demons Original Motion Picture Soundtrak...
http://wn.com/Hans_Zimmer_160_BPM
Hans Zimmer - Time - Musicvideo HD
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:40
- Published: 03 May 2011
- Updated: 18 Jun 2012
After weeks of work we present our Hans Zimmer - Time - Musicvideo. This is our compliation/interpretation of this masterpiece. Enjoy a journey of emotions, from sorrow over desperation up to happiness and hope. We are thankful for comment, rating and subscribing! :) MovieZoneET (Neu) Facebook: www.facebook.com LIST OF ALL MOVIES AND SERIES: ------------------------------------------------------ Pirates of the Carribean 3 Lost Inception I am Legend The Lord of the Rings Gladiator Spiderman 3 Supernatural Avatar Resident Evil - Afterlife Harry Potter King Kong Crossing Over Band of Brothers X-Men Wolverine 300 Troja Robin Hood War of the Worlds Slumdog Millionaire Alexander The Road The Dark Knight Star Wars Outlander
http://wn.com/Hans_Zimmer__Time__Musicvideo_HD
Hans Zimmer's "Stand Up To Cancer"
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:52
- Published: 26 May 2010
- Updated: 17 Jun 2012
The brilliant film score composer and "Stand Up To Cancer" song co-writer Ann Marie Calhoun conduct an orchestral interpretation of the "Stand Up To Cancer" anthem. Like what you hear? Visit our website at www.standup2cancer.org
http://wn.com/Hans_Zimmer's_Stand_Up_To_Cancer
Woad to Ruin - Hans Zimmer (King Arthur OST) HDHQ
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 9:24
- Published: 30 Nov 2009
- Updated: 18 Jun 2012
Music from the movie King Arthur Music by Hans Zimmer
http://wn.com/Woad_to_Ruin__Hans_Zimmer_King_Arthur_OST_HDHQ
Gladiator Theme By Hans Zimmer & Lisa Gerrard
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:34
- Published: 29 Feb 2008
- Updated: 17 Jun 2012
La musique du film Gladiator par le grand Hans Zimmer et la douce voie de Lisa Gerrard
http://wn.com/Gladiator_Theme_By_Hans_Zimmer_Lisa_Gerrard
Hans Zimmer - Maestro (The Holiday)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:54
- Published: 18 Nov 2009
- Updated: 18 Jun 2012
Sherlock Holmes- Discombobulate Music Video, Composed by Hans Zimmer
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:35
- Published: 25 Feb 2010
- Updated: 18 Jun 2012
"Sherlock Holmes" Directed By Guy Ritchie, Starring Robert Downey Jr, Jude Law, Rachel McAdams, and Mark Strong Featuring "Discombobulate" from the Oscar Nominated Score, Sherlock Holmes- Composed by Hans Zimmer, Score Produced by Hans Zimmer and Lorne Balfe Music Video Directed by Rachel McDonald, Edited by Max Carlson Featured Soloists: Hans Zimmer, Lorne Balfe, Diego Stocco, Ann Marie Calhoun, Atli Örvarsson, Aleksey Igudesman Noah Sorota, Tina Guo, Davey Johnstone, Satnam S. Ramgotra, Ryeland Allison, Bob Badami, Robert Downey Jr, and Guy Ritchie Distributed by Warner Bros. Music Group
http://wn.com/Sherlock_Holmes_Discombobulate_Music_Video,_Composed_by_Hans_Zimmer
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Two weeks ago, we reported that several 30-second excerpts had been released for Hans Zimmer's The Dark Knight Rises soundtrack. Today we have...(size: 0.9Kb)
Hans Zimmer to Score Zack Snyder's Man Of Steel
25 Jun 2012
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Just last week, we brought you a 30 second preview of each of the fifteen tracks from composer Hans Zimmer's epic score for director Christopher...(size: 1.0Kb)
'Man Of Steel' And Hans Zimmer: A Perfect Match
21 Jun 2012
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This one's for my fellow movie music aficionados. How pumped are we about the news that Hans Zimmer will officially be scoring "Man of...(size: 0.9Kb)
IMDb
Rejoice! According to Variety, Hans Zimmer will provide the score for Superman: Man Of Steel. He's worked with Christopher Nolan extensively...(size: 0.9Kb)
IMDb
Christopher Nolan's Batman saga may be coming to a conclusion with The Dark Knight Rises but the caped crusader will no doubt be back on...(size: 0.9Kb)
Hans Zimmer is scoring the Superman movie
19 Jun 2012
IMDb
Hans Zimmer has written the soundtrack for every kind of movie you can imagine - historical adventure,...(size: 0.7Kb)
Hans Zimmer Signs On As 'Man Of Steel' Composer
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Hans Zimmer has thus far done some of the best work of his life when working with...(size: 0.5Kb)
| Hans Zimmer | |
|---|---|
 Hans Zimmer receiving his star at the Hollywood Walk of Fame (2010) |
|
| Background information | |
| Birth name | Hans Florian Zimmer |
| Born | (1957-09-12) 12 September 1957 (age 54) Frankfurt am Main, Germany |
| Genres | Film score, Video game score |
| Occupations | Film composer, Video game composer, Music producer |
| Instruments | Piano, Keyboard, MIDI Master Keyboard, Synthesizer, Guitar |
| Years active | 1977–present |
| Labels | Remote Control Productions |
| Website | hanszimmer.com |
Hans Florian Zimmer, German pronunciation: [hans ˈfloːʁi̯aːn ˈtsɪmɐ]; (born 12 September 1957) is a German film composer and music producer. He has composed music for over 100 films, including award winning film scores for The Lion King (1994), Crimson Tide (1995), Gladiator (2000), The Last Samurai (2003),The Dark Knight (2008), and Inception (2010).
Zimmer spent the early part of his career in the United Kingdom before moving to the United States. He is the head of the film music division at DreamWorks studios, and works with other composers through the company which he founded, Remote Control Productions.[1]
Zimmer's works are notable for integrating electronic music sounds with traditional orchestral arrangements. He has received four Grammy Awards, two Golden Globes, a Classical BRIT Award, and an Academy Award. He was also named on the list of Top 100 Living Geniuses, published by The Daily Telegraph.[2]
Contents |
Early life[link]
Zimmer was born in Frankfurt am Main, Germany. As a young child, he lived in Königstein-Falkenstein, where he played the piano at home, but had piano lessons only briefly as he disliked the discipline of formal lessons.[3] He moved to London as a teenager, where he attended Hurtwood House school.[4] In an interview with the German television station ZDF in 2006, he commented: "My father died when I was just a child, and I escaped somehow into the music and music has been my best friend."[5]
Early career[link]
Zimmer began his career playing keyboards and synthesizers. He worked with The Buggles, a New Wave band formed in 1977 with Trevor Horn, Geoff Downes, and Bruce Woolley. Zimmer can be seen briefly in The Buggles' music video for the 1979 song "Video Killed the Radio Star".[6] After working with The Buggles, he started to work for the Italian group Krisma, a New Wave band formed in 1976 with Maurizio Arcieri and Christina Moser. He was a featured synthesist for Krisma’s third album, Cathode Mamma. He has also worked with the band Helden (with Warren Cann from Ultravox).[7] Both Zimmer (on keyboards) and Cann (on drums), were invited to be part of the Spanish group Mecano for a live performance in Segovia (Spain) in 1984. Two songs from this concert were included in the "Mecano: En Concierto" album released in 1985 only in Spain. In 1980 Zimmer co-produced a single, "The History Of The World Part 1," with, and for, UK Punk band The Damned, which was also included on their 1980 LP release, "The Black Album," and carried the description of his efforts as "Over-Produced by Hans Zimmer."
While living in London, Zimmer wrote advertising jingles for Air-Edel Associates.[7] In the 1980s, Zimmer partnered with Stanley Myers, a prolific film composer who wrote the scores for over sixty films. Zimmer and Myers co–founded the London–based Lillie Yard recording studio. Together, Myers and Zimmer worked on fusing the traditional orchestral sound with electronic instruments.[8] Some of the films on which Zimmer and Myers worked are Moonlighting (1982), Success is the Best Revenge (1984), Insignificance (1985), and My Beautiful Launderette (1985). Zimmer's first solo score was Terminal Exposure for director Nico Mastorakis in 1987, for which he also wrote the songs. Zimmer acted as score producer for the 1987 film The Last Emperor, which won the Academy Award for Best Original Score.[7]
One of Zimmer's most durable works from his time in the United Kingdom is the theme song for the television game show Going for Gold, which he composed with Sandy McClelland in 1987. In an interview with the BBC, Zimmer said: "Going For Gold was a lot of fun. It's the sort of stuff you do when you don't have a career yet. God, I just felt so lucky because this thing paid my rent for the longest time."[9]
Hollywood film scoring[link]
A turning point in Zimmer's career occurred with the 1988 film Rain Man.[8] Hollywood director Barry Levinson was looking for someone to score Rain Man, and his wife heard the soundtrack CD of the anti-Apartheid drama A World Apart, for which Zimmer had composed the music. Levinson was impressed by Zimmer's work, and hired him to score Rain Man.[10] In the score, Zimmer uses synthesizers (mostly a Fairlight CMI) mixed with steel drums. Zimmer explained that "It was a road movie, and road movies usually have jangly guitars or a bunch of strings. I kept thinking don't be bigger than the characters. Try to keep it contained. The Raymond character doesn't actually know where he is. The world is so different to him. He might as well be on Mars. So, why don't we just invent our own world music for a world that doesn't really exist?".[11] Zimmer’s score for Rain Man was nominated for an Academy Award in 1989, and the film won four Academy Awards including Best Picture.[12]
A year after Rain Man, Zimmer was asked to compose the score for Bruce Beresford's Driving Miss Daisy which, like Rain Man, won an Academy Award for Best Picture. Driving Miss Daisy’s instrumentation consisted entirely of synthesizers and samplers, played by Zimmer. According to an interview with Sound On Sound magazine in 2002, the piano sounds heard within the score come from the Roland MKS–20, a rackmount synthesizer. Zimmer joked: "It didn't sound anything like a piano, but it behaved like a piano."[13]
1991's Thelma & Louise soundtrack by Zimmer featured the trademark slide guitar performance by Pete Haycock on the "Thunderbird" theme in the film. As a teenager, Zimmer was a fan of Haycock, and their collaboration on film scores includes K2 and Drop Zone.[14]
For the 1992 film The Power of One, Zimmer traveled to Africa in order to use African choirs and drums in the recording of the score. On the strength of this work, Disney Animation Studios approached Zimmer to compose the score for the 1994 film The Lion King. This was to be his first score for an animated film. Zimmer said that he had wanted to go to South Africa to record parts of the soundtrack, but was unable to visit the country as he had a police record there "for doing 'subversive' movies" after his work on The Power of One. Disney studio bosses expressed fears that Zimmer would be killed if he went to South Africa, so the recording of the choirs was organized during a visit by Lebo M.[15] Zimmer won numerous awards for his work on The Lion King, including an Academy Award for Best Original Score, a Golden Globe, and two Grammys. In 1997, the score was adapted into a Broadway musical version which won the Tony Award for Best Musical in 1998.[16][17] As of April 2012[update], the musical version of The Lion King is the highest grossing Broadway show of all time, having grossed $853.8 million.[18]
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Zimmer's score for Crimson Tide (1995) won a Grammy Award for the main theme, which makes heavy use of synthesizers in place of traditional orchestral instruments. For The Thin Red Line (1998), Zimmer said that the director Terrence Malick wanted the music before he started filming, so he recorded six and a half hours of music.[11] Zimmer's next project was The Prince of Egypt (1998), which was produced by DreamWorks Animation. He introduced Ofra Haza, an Israeli Yemenite singer, to the directors, and they thought she was so beautiful that they designed one of the characters in the film to look like her.[11]
Work: 2000–present[link]
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In the 2000s, Zimmer has composed scores for Hollywood blockbuster films including Gladiator (2000), Black Hawk Down and Hannibal (2001), The Last Samurai (2003), The Da Vinci Code (2006) The Simpsons Movie (2007), Angels and Demons (2009) and Sherlock Holmes (2009). While writing the score for The Last Samurai, Zimmer felt that his knowledge of Japanese music was extremely limited. He began doing extensive research, but the more he studied, the less he felt he knew. Finally, Zimmer took what he had written to Japan for feedback and was shocked when he was asked how he knew so much about Japanese music.[11]
During the scoring of The Last Samurai in early 2003, Zimmer was approached by the producer Jerry Bruckheimer, with whom he had worked previously on Crimson Tide, The Rock and Pearl Harbor. Bruckheimer had finished shooting Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl, but was unhappy with the music composed for the film by Alan Silvestri and wanted a replacement score.[19] Bruckheimer wanted Zimmer to rescore the film, but due to his commitments on The Last Samurai, the task of composing and supervising music for Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl was given to Klaus Badelt, one of Zimmer's colleagues at Media Ventures. Zimmer provided some themes that were used in the film, although he is not credited on screen.[20][21] Zimmer was hired as the composer for the three subsequent films in the series, Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man's Chest (2006), Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End (2007), and Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides (2011), collaborating with Rodrigo y Gabriela.[22]
For the 2009 film Sherlock Holmes, "The Daily Variety" reported that Zimmer purchased an out-of-tune piano for 200 dollars and used it throughout the scoring process because of its "quirkiness".[23]
Zimmer is also noted for his work on the scores of Christopher Nolan's Batman Begins (2005) and The Dark Knight (2008), on which he collaborated with James Newton Howard.[9] The scores for these films were disqualified from receiving Academy Award nominations for Best Original Score due to too many composers being listed on the cue sheet.[24] Zimmer succeeded in reversing the decision not to nominate The Dark Knight in December 2008, arguing that the process of creating a modern film score was collaborative, and that it was important to credit a range of people who had played a part in its production.[25] Zimmer explained his approach to scoring with other musicians in an interview with Soundtrack.net in 2006:
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A clip from the score of the 2000 film Gladiator.
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"Originally I had this idea that it should be possible to create some kind of community around this kind of work, and I think by muddying the titles - not having "you are the composer, you are the arranger, you are the orchestrator" - it just sort of helped us to work more collaboratively. It wasn't that important to me that I had "score by Hans Zimmer" and took sole credit on these things. It's like Gladiator: I gave Lisa Gerrard the co-credit because, even though she didn't write the main theme, her presence and contributions were very influential. She was more than just a soloist, and this is why I have such a problem with specific credits."[26]
Zimmer is also composing the score for The Dark Knight Rises, the final installment of Christopher Nolan's Batman trilogy. The film is scheduled for release in July 2012.[27]
Zimmer works with other composers through his company Remote Control Productions, formerly known as Media Ventures. His studio in Santa Monica, California has an extensive range of computer equipment and keyboards, allowing demo versions of film scores to be created quickly.[28] His colleagues at the studio have included Harry Gregson-Williams, James Dooley, Geoff Zanelli, Henning Lohner, Steve Jablonsky, Mark Mancina, John Van Tongeren, John Powell and Thomas J. Bergersen.
In October 2000, Zimmer performed live in concert for the first time with an orchestra and choir at the 27th Annual Flanders International Film Festival in Ghent.[29] He has received a range of honors and awards, including the Lifetime Achievement Award in film Composition from the National Board of Review, the Frederick Loewe Award in 2003 at the Palm Springs International Film Festival, ASCAP’s Henry Mancini Award for Lifetime Achievement, and BMI's Richard Kirk Award for lifetime achievement in 1996. Recent work includes the Spanish language film Casi Divas,[30] Sherlock Holmes, The Burning Plain (2009), and Inception (2010). He composed the theme for the television boxing series The Contender, and worked with Lorne Balfe on the music for Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2, which was his first video game project.[31] Zimmer also collaborated with composers Borislav Slavov and Tilman Sillescu to create the score for the video game Crysis 2.[32]
In December 2010, Zimmer received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. He dedicated the award to his publicist and long term friend Ronni Chasen, who was shot dead in Beverly Hills the previous month.[33]
Zimmer composed and produced the music for the 84th Academy Awards with Pharrell Williams of The Neptunes.[34]
Zimmer lives in Los Angeles with his wife Suzanne, and has four children.[35][36]
Discography and awards[link]
Main article: Hans Zimmer discography
Academy Awards[link]
Golden Globe Awards[link]
Grammy Awards[link]
Satellite Award[link]
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Saturn Awards[link]
Classical BRIT Awards[link]
WAFCA Awards[link]
BFCA Awards[link]
World Soundtrack Awards[link]
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References[link]
- ^ "Hans Zimmer". Filmtracks.com. http://www.filmtracks.com/composers/zimmer.shtml. Retrieved 2009-09-13.
- ^ "Top 100 living geniuses". Telegraph.co.uk. 2007-10-30. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1567544/Top-100-living-geniuses.html. Retrieved 2011-01-02.
- ^ "MTV biography - Hans Zimmer (in German)". http://www.mtv.de/music/20224928/bio-Hans%20Zimmer.html. Retrieved 2011-09-27.
- ^ "Hurtwood House Performing Arts - Hans Zimmer". http://www.hurtwoodhouseperformingarts.co.uk/#/hans-zimmer/4533716266. Retrieved 2010-09-27.
- ^ "ZDF Infokanal interview, June 2006 (in German with English subtitles)". http://www.hans-zimmer.com/fr/newsite.php?rub=media. Retrieved 2009-09-13.
- ^ "DebiDoss". http://www.debidoss.co.uk/profile.swf. Retrieved 2009-09-11.
- ^ a b c "Hans Zimmer biography". Starpulse.com. http://www.starpulse.com/Music/Zimmer,_Hans/Biography/. Retrieved 2009-06-10.
- ^ a b "Biography". Hans Zimmer. http://www.hans-zimmer.com/fr/bio.php. Retrieved 2009-06-10.
- ^ a b "Talking Shop: Hans Zimmer". BBC. 28 July 2008. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/7526033.stm. Retrieved 2009-09-11.
- ^ Stewart, D.R. (2008-08-04). "Zimmer and Howard discuss remote collaboration". Variety. http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117990043.html?categoryid=3179&cs=1. Retrieved 2009-09-11.
- ^ a b c d Young, John (2008-08-05). "2008 Interview with Entertainment Weekly". Ew.com. http://www.ew.com/ew/gallery/0,,20216261,00.html. Retrieved 2009-06-10.
- ^ "Best Picture Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. http://www.oscars.org/awards/academyawards/oscarlegacy/bestpictures/. Retrieved 2009-09-11.
- ^ "Media Adventures". Sound on Sound. October 2002. http://www.soundonsound.com/sos/Oct02/articles/hanszimmer.asp?session=20dc696d9a5e453fa6c98ea962ac5163. Retrieved 2009-09-11.
- ^ "Hans Zimmer Reflects on 15 of His Memorable Film Scores". Entertainment Weekly. http://www.ew.com/ew/gallery/0,,20216261_2,00.html. Retrieved 2009-09-11.
- ^ "Hans Zimmer Reflects on 15 of His Memorable Film Scores". Entertainment Weekly. http://www.ew.com/ew/gallery/0,,20216261_4,00.html. Retrieved 2009-09-11.
- ^ "The Lion King: The Broadway Musical". http://www.lionking.org/musical/. Retrieved 2009-09-11.
- ^ "Women, 'Lion King' rule at 1998 Tonys". CNN. 06-08-1998. http://www.cnn.com/SHOWBIZ/Music/9806/08/tonys.cnn/index.html. Retrieved 2009-09-11.
- ^ "Lion King rules Broadway as highest grossing show of all time". The Guardian. 2012-04-10. http://www.guardian.co.uk/stage/2012/apr/10/lion-king-broadway-highest-grossing-show?newsfeed=true. Retrieved 2012-04-11.
- ^ "Badelt and Zimmer to replace Silvestri on Pirates". http://www.soundtrack.net/news/article/?id=455. Retrieved 2009-09-12.
- ^ "Breaking the Rules - interview with Hans Zimmer". Soundtrack.net. September 2006. http://www.soundtrack.net/features/article/?id=205. Retrieved 2009-09-12.
- ^ Binkley, Christina (February 25, 2011). "The Maestro in the 'Batcave'". The Wall Street Journal. http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748703775704576162250644951060.html. Retrieved 2011-02-27.
- ^ Cifani, Nicole (2011-05-26). "Zimmer And Rodrigo Y Gabriela Score One For Johnny Depp". Yahoo! Music. http://music.yahoo.com/blogs/heard/zimmer-and-rodrigo-y-gabriela-score-one-for-johnny-depp.html. Retrieved 2012-05-15.
- ^ D'Allesandro, Anthony. "Hans Zimmer, "Sherlock Holmes, "It's Complicated." "Daily Variety" 305.50 (2009): A4
- ^ Child, Ben (2008-11-13). "Dark Knight score disqualified from Oscar race". London: The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/film/2008/nov/13/dark-knight-score-oscars. Retrieved 2009-09-12.
- ^ "Hans Zimmer to academy: I'm no liar!". Los Angeles Times. 2008-12-08. http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/the_big_picture/2008/12/hans-zimmer-to.html. Retrieved 2009-09-12.
- ^ "Breaking the Rules - interview with Hans Zimmer". Soundtrack.net. 11-02-06. http://www.soundtrack.net/features/article/?id=210. Retrieved 2009-09-12.
- ^ "Hans Zimmer Says 'The Dark Knight Rises' Score Will 'Invent And Reinvent'". MTV. 2011-01-18. http://splashpage.mtv.com/2011/01/18/hans-zimmer-dark-knight-rises-score/. Retrieved 2011-05-03.
- ^ "Breaking the Rules - interview with Hans Zimmer". Soundtrack.net. 10-07-06. http://www.soundtrack.net/features/article/?id=206. Retrieved 2009-09-12.
- ^ "Hans Zimmer on...". Soundtrack.net. 2001-06-27. http://www.soundtrack.net/features/article/?id=74. Retrieved 2009-09-12.
- ^ "Scoring Session with Hans Zimmer (video)". http://makingof.com/filming_now/media/casi-divas/scoring-session-with-hans-zimmer-on-casi-divas/92/307. Retrieved 2009-09-13.
- ^ "Composer Hans Zimmer game for "Call of Duty"". Reuters. 2009-08-27. http://www.reuters.com/article/musicNews/idUSTRE57R0HL20090828. Retrieved 2009-09-13.
- ^ "Legendary composer Hans Zimmer works on Crysis 2". 2011-03-16. http://www.mycrysis.com/news/crysis_2/legendary-composer-hans-zimmer-works-on-crysis-2. Retrieved 2011-03-17.
- ^ "Hans Zimmer gets star, dedicates it to Chasen". 2010-12-08. http://abclocal.go.com/kabc/story?section=news/entertainment&id=7832872. Retrieved 2011-01-01.
- ^ "The Oscars: Hans Zimmer and Pharrell Williams know the score for the telecast -- they wrote it". Los Angeles Times. 2012-02-24. http://articles.latimes.com/2012/feb/24/entertainment/la-ca-oscars-music-20120224. Retrieved 2012-03-06.
- ^ "Hans and Suzanne Zimmer". http://www.contactmusic.com/photos.nsf/main/suzanne_zimmer_2159666. Retrieved 2009-09-13.
- ^ "Hans Zimmer - Academy Award Winner". http://www.hans-zimmer.ch/news_detail.php?id=740. Retrieved 2009-09-13.
External links[link]
 |
Book: Hans Zimmer |
| Wikipedia books are collections of articles that can be downloaded or ordered in print. | |
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Hans Zimmer |
- Official website
- Hans Zimmer at the Internet Movie Database
- Interview with Hans Zimmer in Film Score Monthly
- Interview with Hans Zimmer about Sherlock Holmes from C Music TV
- Focus.De
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| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Zimmer, Hans |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | German film score composer |
| Date of birth | 1957-09-12 |
| Place of birth | Frankfurt am Main, Germany |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Hans_Zimmer
"Arthur Pendragon" redirects here. For other uses, see Arthur Pendragon (disambiguation).
For other uses, see King Arthur (disambiguation).
King Arthur is a legendary British leader of the late 5th and early 6th centuries, who, according to medieval histories and romances, led the defence of Britain against Saxon invaders in the early 6th century. The details of Arthur's story are mainly composed of folklore and literary invention, and his historical existence is debated and disputed by modern historians.[2] The sparse historical background of Arthur is gleaned from various sources, including the Annales Cambriae, the Historia Brittonum, and the writings of Gildas. Arthur's name also occurs in early poetic sources such as Y Gododdin.[3]
The legendary Arthur developed as a figure of international interest largely through the popularity of Geoffrey of Monmouth's fanciful and imaginative 12th-century Historia Regum Britanniae (History of the Kings of Britain).[4] Some Welsh and Breton tales and poems relating the story of Arthur date from earlier than this work; in these works, Arthur appears either as a great warrior defending Britain from human and supernatural enemies or as a magical figure of folklore, sometimes associated with the Welsh Otherworld, Annwn.[5] How much of Geoffrey's Historia (completed in 1138) was adapted from such earlier sources, rather than invented by Geoffrey himself, is unknown.
Although the themes, events and characters of the Arthurian legend varied widely from text to text, and there is no one canonical version, Geoffrey's version of events often served as the starting point for later stories. Geoffrey depicted Arthur as a king of Britain who defeated the Saxons and established an empire over Britain, Ireland, Iceland, Norway and Gaul. Many elements and incidents that are now an integral part of the Arthurian story appear in Geoffrey's Historia, including Arthur's father Uther Pendragon, the wizard Merlin, Arthur's wife Guinevere, the sword Excalibur, Arthur's conception at Tintagel, his final battle against Mordred at Camlann and final rest in Avalon. The 12th-century French writer Chrétien de Troyes, who added Lancelot and the Holy Grail to the story, began the genre of Arthurian romance that became a significant strand of medieval literature. In these French stories, the narrative focus often shifts from King Arthur himself to other characters, such as various Knights of the Round Table. Arthurian literature thrived during the Middle Ages but waned in the centuries that followed until it experienced a major resurgence in the 19th century. In the 21st century, the legend lives on, not only in literature but also in adaptations for theatre, film, television, comics and other media. However, the Arthur in films and television is clearly depicted as living during a much later period – the costumes used in such dramatizations resemble those of people living in the 12th century more than they do those used during the 5th or 6th.
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Debated historicity[link]
Main article: Historical basis for King Arthur
The first datable mention of King Arthur is in a 9th century Latin text. The Historia Brittonum, a 9th-century Latin historical compilation attributed in some late manuscripts to a Welsh cleric called Nennius, lists twelve battles that Arthur fought. These culminate in the Battle of Mons Badonicus, or Mount Badon, where he is said to have single-handedly killed 960 men. Recent studies, however, question the reliability of the Historia Brittonum.[6] The historical basis for the King Arthur legend has long been debated by scholars. One school of thought, citing entries in the Historia Brittonum (History of the Britons) and Annales Cambriae (Welsh Annals), sees Arthur as a genuine historical figure, a Romano-British leader who fought against the invading Anglo-Saxons sometime in the late 5th to early 6th century.
The other text that seems to support the case for Arthur's historical existence is the 10th-century Annales Cambriae, which also link Arthur with the Battle of Mount Badon. The Annales date this battle to 516–518, and also mention the Battle of Camlann, in which Arthur and Medraut (Mordred) were both killed, dated to 537–539. These details have often been used to bolster confidence in the Historia's account and to confirm that Arthur really did fight at Mount Badon. Problems have been identified, however, with using this source to support the Historia Brittonum's account. The latest research shows that the Annales Cambriae was based on a chronicle begun in the late 8th century in Wales. Additionally, the complex textual history of the Annales Cambriae precludes any certainty that the Arthurian annals were added to it even that early. They were more likely added at some point in the 10th century and may never have existed in any earlier set of annals. The Mount Badon entry probably derived from the Historia Brittonum.[7]
This lack of convincing early evidence is the reason many recent historians exclude Arthur from their accounts of sub-Roman Britain. In the view of historian Thomas Charles-Edwards, "at this stage of the enquiry, one can only say that there may well have been an historical Arthur [but ...] the historian can as yet say nothing of value about him".[8] These modern admissions of ignorance are a relatively recent trend; earlier generations of historians were less sceptical. Historian John Morris made the putative reign of Arthur the organising principle of his history of sub-Roman Britain and Ireland, The Age of Arthur (1973). Even so, he found little to say about a historical Arthur.[9]
Partly in reaction to such theories, another school of thought emerged which argued that Arthur had no historical existence at all. Morris's Age of Arthur prompted archaeologist Nowell Myres to observe that "no figure on the borderline of history and mythology has wasted more of the historian's time".[10] Gildas' 6th-century polemic De Excidio et Conquestu Britanniae (On the Ruin and Conquest of Britain), written within living memory of Mount Badon, mentions the battle but does not mention Arthur.[11] Arthur is not mentioned in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle or named in any surviving manuscript written between 400 and 820.[12] He is absent from Bede's early 8th-century Ecclesiastical History of the English People, another major early source for post-Roman history that mentions Mount Badon.[13] Historian David Dumville has written: "I think we can dispose of him [Arthur] quite briefly. He owes his place in our history books to a 'no smoke without fire' school of thought ... The fact of the matter is that there is no historical evidence about Arthur; we must reject him from our histories and, above all, from the titles of our books."[14]
Some scholars argue that Arthur was originally a fictional hero of folklore—or even a half-forgotten Celtic deity—who became credited with real deeds in the distant past. They cite parallels with figures such as the Kentish totemic horse-gods Hengest and Horsa, who later became historicised. Bede ascribed to these legendary figures a historical role in the 5th-century Anglo-Saxon conquest of eastern Britain.[15] It is not even certain that Arthur was considered a king in the early texts. Neither the Historia nor the Annales calls him "rex": the former calls him instead "dux bellorum" (leader of battles) and "miles" (soldier).[16]
Historical documents for the post-Roman period are scarce, so a definitive answer to the question of Arthur's historical existence is unlikely. Sites and places have been identified as "Arthurian" since the 12th century,[17] but archaeology can confidently reveal names only through inscriptions found in secure contexts. The so-called "Arthur stone", discovered in 1998 among the ruins at Tintagel Castle in Cornwall in securely dated 6th-century contexts, created a brief stir but proved irrelevant.[18] Other inscriptional evidence for Arthur, including the Glastonbury cross, is tainted with the suggestion of forgery.[19] Although several historical figures have been proposed as the basis for Arthur,[20] no convincing evidence for these identifications has emerged.
Name[link]
Main article: Arthur
The origin of the name Arthur remains a matter of debate. Some suggest it is derived from the Roman nomen gentile (family name) Artōrius, of obscure and contested etymology[21] (but possibly of Messapic[22][23][24] or Etruscan origin[25][26][27]). Some scholars have suggested it is relevant to this debate that the legendary King Arthur's name only appears as Arthur, or Arturus, in early Latin Arthurian texts, never as Artōrius (though it should be noted that Classical Latin Artōrius became Arturius in some Vulgar Latin dialects). However, this may not say anything about the origin of the name Arthur, as Artōrius would regularly become Art(h)ur when borrowed into Welsh.[28]
Another possibility is that it is derived from a Brittonic patronym *Arto-rīg-ios (the root of which, *arto-rīg- "bear-king" is to be found in the Old Irish personal name Art-ri) via a Latinized form Artōrius.[29] Less likely is the commonly proposed derivation from Welsh arth "bear" + (g)wr "man" (earlier *Arto-uiros in Brittonic); there are phonological difficulties with this theory—notably that a Brittonic compound name *Arto-uiros should produce Old Welsh *Artgur and Middle/Modern Welsh *Arthwr and not Arthur (in Welsh poetry the name is always spelled Arthur and is exclusively rhymed with words ending in -ur - never words ending in -wr - which confirms that the second element cannot be [g]wr "man").[30][31]
An alternative theory, which has gained only limited acceptance among professional scholars,[32] derives the name Arthur from Arcturus, the brightest star in the constellation Boötes, near Ursa Major or the Great Bear. Classical Latin Arcturus would also have become Art(h)ur when borrowed into Welsh, and its brightness and position in the sky led people to regard it as the "guardian of the bear" (which is the meaning of the name in Ancient Greek) and the "leader" of the other stars in Boötes.[33]
A similar first name is Old Irish Artúr, which is believed to be derived directly from an early Old Welsh or Cumbric Artur.[34] The earliest historically attested bearer of the name is a son or grandson of Áedán mac Gabráin (d. AD 609).[35]
Medieval literary traditions[link]
The creator of the familiar literary persona of Arthur was Geoffrey of Monmouth, with his pseudo-historical Historia Regum Britanniae (History of the Kings of Britain), written in the 1130s. The textual sources for Arthur are usually divided into those written before Geoffrey's Historia (known as pre-Galfridian texts, from the Latin form of Geoffrey, Galfridus) and those written afterwards, which could not avoid his influence (Galfridian, or post-Galfridian, texts).
Pre-Galfridian traditions[link]
The earliest literary references to Arthur come from Welsh and Breton sources. There have been few attempts to define the nature and character of Arthur in the pre-Galfridian tradition as a whole, rather than in a single text or text/story-type. One recent academic survey that does attempt this, by Thomas Green, identifies three key strands to the portrayal of Arthur in this earliest material.[36] The first is that he was a peerless warrior who functioned as the monster-hunting protector of Britain from all internal and external threats. Some of these are human threats, such as the Saxons he fights in the Historia Brittonum, but the majority are supernatural, including giant cat-monsters, destructive divine boars, dragons, dogheads, giants and witches.[37] The second is that the pre-Galfridian Arthur was a figure of folklore (particularly topographic or onomastic folklore) and localised magical wonder-tales, the leader of a band of superhuman heroes who live in the wilds of the landscape.[38] The third and final strand is that the early Welsh Arthur had a close connection with the Welsh Otherworld, Annwn. On the one hand, he launches assaults on Otherworldly fortresses in search of treasure and frees their prisoners. On the other, his warband in the earliest sources includes former pagan gods, and his wife and his possessions are clearly Otherworldly in origin.[39]
One of the most famous Welsh poetic references to Arthur comes in the collection of heroic death-songs known as Y Gododdin (The Gododdin), attributed to the 6th-century poet Aneirin. In one stanza, the bravery of a warrior who slew 300 enemies is praised, but it is then noted that despite this "he was no Arthur", that is to say his feats cannot compare to the valour of Arthur.[40] Y Gododdin is known only from a 13th-century manuscript, so it is impossible to determine whether this passage is original or a later interpolation, but John Koch's view that the passage dates from a 7th-century or earlier version is regarded as unproven; 9th- or 10th-century dates are often proposed for it.[41] Several poems attributed to Taliesin, a poet said to have lived in the 6th century, also refer to Arthur, although these all probably date from between the 8th and 12th centuries.[42] They include "Kadeir Teyrnon" ("The Chair of the Prince"),[43] which refers to "Arthur the Blessed", "Preiddeu Annwn" ("The Spoils of Annwn"),[44] which recounts an expedition of Arthur to the Otherworld, and "Marwnat vthyr pen[dragon]" ("The Elegy of Uther Pen[dragon]"),[45] which refers to Arthur's valour and is suggestive of a father-son relationship for Arthur and Uther that pre-dates Geoffrey of Monmouth.
File:Culhwch.jpg
Culhwch entering Arthur's Court in the Welsh tale Culhwch and Olwen, 1881
Other early Welsh Arthurian texts include a poem found in the Black Book of Carmarthen, "Pa gur yv y porthaur?" ("What man is the gatekeeper?").[46] This takes the form of a dialogue between Arthur and the gatekeeper of a fortress he wishes to enter, in which Arthur recounts the names and deeds of himself and his men, notably Cei (Kay) and Bedwyr (Bedivere). The Welsh prose tale Culhwch and Olwen (c. 1100), included in the modern Mabinogion collection, has a much longer list of more than 200 of Arthur's men, though Cei and Bedwyr again take a central place. The story as a whole tells of Arthur helping his kinsman Culhwch win the hand of Olwen, daughter of Ysbaddaden Chief-Giant, by completing a series of apparently impossible tasks, including the hunt for the great semi-divine boar Twrch Trwyth. The 9th-century Historia Brittonum also refers to this tale, with the boar there named Troy(n)t.[47] Finally, Arthur is mentioned numerous times in the Welsh Triads, a collection of short summaries of Welsh tradition and legend which are classified into groups of three linked characters or episodes in order to assist recall. The later manuscripts of the Triads are partly derivative from Geoffrey of Monmouth and later continental traditions, but the earliest ones show no such influence and are usually agreed to refer to pre-existing Welsh traditions. Even in these, however, Arthur's court has started to embody legendary Britain as a whole, with "Arthur's Court" sometimes substituted for "The Island of Britain" in the formula "Three XXX of the Island of Britain".[48] While it is not clear from the Historia Brittonum and the Annales Cambriae that Arthur was even considered a king, by the time Culhwch and Olwen and the Triads were written he had become Penteyrnedd yr Ynys hon, "Chief of the Lords of this Island", the overlord of Wales, Cornwall and the North.[49]
In addition to these pre-Galfridian Welsh poems and tales, Arthur appears in some other early Latin texts besides the Historia Brittonum and the Annales Cambriae. In particular, Arthur features in a number of well-known vitae ("Lives") of post-Roman saints, none of which are now generally considered to be reliable historical sources (the earliest probably dates from the 11th century).[50] According to the Life of Saint Gildas, written in the early 12th century by Caradoc of Llancarfan, Arthur is said to have killed Gildas' brother Hueil and to have rescued his wife Gwenhwyfar from Glastonbury.[51] In the Life of Saint Cadoc, written around 1100 or a little before by Lifris of Llancarfan, the saint gives protection to a man who killed three of Arthur's soldiers, and Arthur demands a herd of cattle as wergeld for his men. Cadoc delivers them as demanded, but when Arthur takes possession of the animals, they turn into bundles of ferns.[52] Similar incidents are described in the medieval biographies of Carannog, Padarn and Eufflam, probably written around the 12th century. A less obviously legendary account of Arthur appears in the Legenda Sancti Goeznovii, which is often claimed to date from the early 11th century although the earliest manuscript of this text dates from the 15th century.[53] Also important are the references to Arthur in William of Malmesbury's De Gestis Regum Anglorum and Herman's De Miraculis Sanctae Mariae Laudensis, which together provide the first certain evidence for a belief that Arthur was not actually dead and would at some point return, a theme that is often revisited in post-Galfridian folklore.[54]
Geoffrey of Monmouth[link]
The first narrative account of Arthur's life is found in Geoffrey of Monmouth's Latin work Historia Regum Britanniae (History of the Kings of Britain).[55] This work, completed c. 1138, is an imaginative and fanciful account of British kings from the legendary Trojan exile Brutus to the 7th-century Welsh king Cadwallader. Geoffrey places Arthur in the same post-Roman period as do Historia Brittonum and Annales Cambriae. He incorporates Arthur's father, Uther Pendragon, his magician advisor Merlin, and the story of Arthur's conception, in which Uther, disguised as his enemy Gorlois by Merlin's magic, sleeps with Gorlois's wife Igerna at Tintagel, and she conceives Arthur. On Uther's death, the fifteen-year-old Arthur succeeds him as King of Britain and fights a series of battles, similar to those in the Historia Brittonum, culminating in the Battle of Bath. He then defeats the Picts and Scots before creating an Arthurian empire through his conquests of Ireland, Iceland and the Orkney Islands. After twelve years of peace, Arthur sets out to expand his empire once more, taking control of Norway, Denmark and Gaul. Gaul is still held by the Roman Empire when it is conquered, and Arthur's victory naturally leads to a further confrontation between his empire and Rome's. Arthur and his warriors, including Kaius (Kay), Beduerus (Bedivere) and Gualguanus (Gawain), defeat the Roman emperor Lucius Tiberius in Gaul but, as he prepares to march on Rome, Arthur hears that his nephew Modredus (Mordred)—whom he had left in charge of Britain—has married his wife Guenhuuara (Guinevere) and seized the throne. Arthur returns to Britain and defeats and kills Modredus on the river Camblam in Cornwall, but he is mortally wounded. He hands the crown to his kinsman Constantine and is taken to the isle of Avalon to be healed of his wounds, never to be seen again.[56]
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How much of this narrative was Geoffrey's own invention is open to debate. Certainly, Geoffrey seems to have made use of the list of Arthur's twelve battles against the Saxons found in the 9th-century Historia Brittonum, along with the battle of Camlann from the Annales Cambriae and the idea that Arthur was still alive.[58] Arthur's personal status as the king of all Britain would also seem to be borrowed from pre-Galfridian tradition, being found in Culhwch and Olwen, the Triads and the Saints' Lives.[59] In addition, many of the elements that Monmouth's King Arthur includes are strong parallels to "Culhwch and Olwen." The motifs and themes of loyalty, honor, giants, gift giving, wife-stealing, and magical creatures are prominent in both stories. Furthermore, Monmouth derived many of his character's names from "Culhwch and Olwen"; Sir Kay comes from "Kai"; Sir Bedivere is derived from "Bedwyr"; and lastly Sir Gawain is "Gwalchmei" in Welsh. Also, the heroines of both tales have similar names: the meaning of Guinever is "White Phantom", while Olwen equates with "of the white track."[60] Finally, Geoffrey borrowed many of the names for Arthur's possessions, close family and companions from the pre-Galfridian Welsh tradition, including Kaius (Cei), Beduerus (Bedwyr), Guenhuuara (Gwenhwyfar), Uther (Uthyr) and perhaps also Caliburnus (Caledfwlch), the latter becoming Excalibur in subsequent Arthurian tales.[61] However, while names, key events and titles may have been borrowed, Brynley Roberts has argued that "the Arthurian section is Geoffrey’s literary creation and it owes nothing to prior narrative."[62] So, for instance, the Welsh Medraut is made the villainous Modredus by Geoffrey, but there is no trace of such a negative character for this figure in Welsh sources until the 16th century.[63] There have been relatively few modern attempts to challenge this notion that the Historia Regum Britanniae is primarily Geoffrey's own work, with scholarly opinion often echoing William of Newburgh's late-12th-century comment that Geoffrey "made up" his narrative, perhaps through an "inordinate love of lying".[64] Geoffrey Ashe is one dissenter from this view, believing that Geoffrey's narrative is partially derived from a lost source telling of the deeds of a 5th-century British king named Riotamus, this figure being the original Arthur, although historians and Celticists have been reluctant to follow Ashe in his conclusions.[65]
Whatever his sources may have been, the immense popularity of Geoffrey's Historia Regum Britanniae cannot be denied. Well over 200 manuscript copies of Geoffrey’s Latin work are known to have survived, and this does not include translations into other languages.[66] Thus, for example, around 60 manuscripts are extant containing Welsh-language versions of the Historia, the earliest of which were created in the 13th century; the old notion that some of these Welsh versions actually underlie Geoffrey's Historia, advanced by antiquarians such as the 18th-century Lewis Morris, has long since been discounted in academic circles.[67] As a result of this popularity, Geoffrey's Historia Regum Britanniae was enormously influential on the later medieval development of the Arthurian legend. While it was by no means the only creative force behind Arthurian romance, many of its elements were borrowed and developed (e.g., Merlin and the final fate of Arthur), and it provided the historical framework into which the romancers' tales of magical and wonderful adventures were inserted.[68]
Romance traditions[link]
The popularity of Geoffrey's Historia and its other derivative works (such as Wace's Roman de Brut) is generally agreed to be an important factor in explaining the appearance of significant numbers of new Arthurian works in continental Europe during the 12th and 13th centuries, particularly in France.[69] It was not, however, the only Arthurian influence on the developing "Matter of Britain". There is clear evidence for a knowledge of Arthur and Arthurian tales on the Continent before Geoffrey's work became widely known (see for example, the Modena Archivolt),[70] as well as for the use of "Celtic" names and stories not found in Geoffrey's Historia in the Arthurian romances.[71] From the perspective of Arthur, perhaps the most significant effect of this great outpouring of new Arthurian story was on the role of the king himself: much of this 12th-century and later Arthurian literature centres less on Arthur himself than on characters such as Lancelot and Guenevere, Perceval, Galahad, Gawain, and Tristan and Isolde. Whereas Arthur is very much at the centre of the pre-Galfridian material and Geoffrey's Historia itself, in the romances he is rapidly sidelined.[72] His character also alters significantly. In both the earliest materials and Geoffrey he is a great and ferocious warrior, who laughs as he personally slaughters witches and giants and takes a leading role in all military campaigns,[73] whereas in the continental romances he becomes the roi fainéant, the "do-nothing king", whose "inactivity and acquiescence constituted a central flaw in his otherwise ideal society".[74] Arthur's role in these works is frequently that of a wise, dignified, even-tempered, somewhat bland, and occasionally feeble monarch. So, he simply turns pale and silent when he learns of Lancelot's affair with Guinevere in the Mort Artu, whilst in Chrétien de Troyes's Yvain, the Knight of the Lion he is unable to stay awake after a feast and has to retire for a nap.[75] Nonetheless, as Norris J. Lacy has observed, whatever his faults and frailties may be in these Arthurian romances, "his prestige is never—or almost never—compromised by his personal weaknesses ... his authority and glory remain intact."[76]
File:Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, from Pearl Manuscript.jpg
Arthur (top centre) in an illustration to the Middle English poem Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, late 14th century
Arthur and his retinue appear in some of the Lais of Marie de France,[77] but it was the work of another French poet, Chrétien de Troyes, that had the greatest influence with regard to the above development of the character of Arthur and his legend.[78] Chrétien wrote five Arthurian romances between c. 1170 and c. 1190. Erec and Enide and Cligès are tales of courtly love with Arthur's court as their backdrop, demonstrating the shift away from the heroic world of the Welsh and Galfridian Arthur, while Yvain, the Knight of the Lion features Yvain and Gawain in a supernatural adventure, with Arthur very much on the sidelines and weakened. However, the most significant for the development of the Arthurian legend are Lancelot, the Knight of the Cart, which introduces Lancelot and his adulterous relationship with Arthur's queen (Guinevere), extending and popularizing the recurring theme of Arthur as a cuckold, and Perceval, the Story of the Grail, which introduces the Holy Grail and the Fisher King and which again sees Arthur having a much reduced role.[79] Chrétien was thus "instrumental both in the elaboration of the Arthurian legend and in the establishment of the ideal form for the diffusion of that legend",[80] and much of what came after him in terms of the portrayal of Arthur and his world built upon the foundations he had laid. Perceval, although unfinished, was particularly popular: four separate continuations of the poem appeared over the next half century, with the notion of the Grail and its quest being developed by other writers such as Robert de Boron, a fact that helped accelerate the decline of Arthur in continental romance.[81] Similarly, Lancelot and his cuckolding of Arthur with Guinevere became one of the classic motifs of the Arthurian legend, although the Lancelot of the prose Lancelot (c. 1225) and later texts was a combination of Chrétien's character and that of Ulrich von Zatzikhoven's Lanzelet.[82] Chrétien's work even appears to feed back into Welsh Arthurian literature, with the result that the romance Arthur began to replace the heroic, active Arthur in Welsh literary tradition.[83] Particularly significant in this development were the three Welsh Arthurian romances, which are closely similar to those of Chrétien, albeit with some significant differences: Owain, or the Lady of the Fountain is related to Chrétien's Yvain; Geraint and Enid, to Erec and Enide; and Peredur son of Efrawg, to Perceval.[84]
Up to c. 1210, continental Arthurian romance was expressed primarily through poetry; after this date the tales began to be told in prose. The most significant of these 13th-century prose romances was the Vulgate Cycle (also known as the Lancelot-Grail Cycle), a series of five Middle French prose works written in the first half of that century.[85] These works were the Estoire del Saint Grail, the Estoire de Merlin, the Lancelot propre (or Prose Lancelot, which made up half the entire Vulgate Cycle on its own), the Queste del Saint Graal and the Mort Artu, which combine to form the first coherent version of the entire Arthurian legend. The cycle continued the trend towards reducing the role played by Arthur in his own legend, partly through the introduction of the character of Galahad and an expansion of the role of Merlin. It also made Mordred the result of an incestuous relationship between Arthur and his sister and established the role of Camelot, first mentioned in passing in Chrétien's Lancelot, as Arthur's primary court.[86] This series of texts was quickly followed by the Post-Vulgate Cycle (c. 1230–40), of which the Suite du Merlin is a part, which greatly reduced the importance of Lancelot's affair with Guinevere but continued to sideline Arthur, now in order to focus more on the Grail quest.[85] As such, Arthur became even more of a relatively minor character in these French prose romances; in the Vulgate itself he only figures significantly in the Estoire de Merlin and the Mort Artu.
The development of the medieval Arthurian cycle and the character of the "Arthur of romance" culminated in Le Morte d'Arthur, Thomas Malory's retelling of the entire legend in a single work in English in the late 15th century. Malory based his book—originally titled The Whole Book of King Arthur and of His Noble Knights of the Round Table—on the various previous romance versions, in particular the Vulgate Cycle, and appears to have aimed at creating a comprehensive and authoritative collection of Arthurian stories.[87] Perhaps as a result of this, and the fact that Le Morte D'Arthur was one of the earliest printed books in England, published by William Caxton in 1485, most later Arthurian works are derivative of Malory's.[88]
Decline, revival, and the modern legend[link]
Post-medieval literature[link]
The end of the Middle Ages brought with it a waning of interest in King Arthur. Although Malory's English version of the great French romances was popular, there were increasing attacks upon the truthfulness of the historical framework of the Arthurian romances—established since Geoffrey of Monmouth's time—and thus the legitimacy of the whole Matter of Britain. So, for example, the 16th-century humanist scholar Polydore Vergil famously rejected the claim that Arthur was the ruler of a post-Roman empire, found throughout the post-Galfridian medieval "chronicle tradition", to the horror of Welsh and English antiquarians.[89] Social changes associated with the end of the medieval period and the Renaissance also conspired to rob the character of Arthur and his associated legend of some of their power to enthral audiences, with the result that 1634 saw the last printing of Malory's Le Morte d'Arthur for nearly 200 years.[90] King Arthur and the Arthurian legend were not entirely abandoned, but until the early 19th century the material was taken less seriously and was often used simply as vehicle for allegories of 17th- and 18th-century politics.[91] Thus Richard Blackmore's epics Prince Arthur (1695) and King Arthur (1697) feature Arthur as an allegory for the struggles of William III against James II.[92] Similarly, the most popular Arthurian tale throughout this period seems to have been that of Tom Thumb, which was told first through chapbooks and later through the political plays of Henry Fielding; although the action is clearly set in Arthurian Britain, the treatment is humorous and Arthur appears as a primarily comedic version of his romance character.[93]
John Dryden's masque King Arthur is still performed, largely thanks to Henry Purcell's music, though seldom unabridged.
Tennyson and the revival[link]
In the early 19th century, medievalism, Romanticism, and the Gothic Revival reawakened interest in Arthur and the medieval romances. A new code of ethics for 19th-century gentlemen was shaped around the chivalric ideals that the "Arthur of romance" embodied. This renewed interest first made itself felt in 1816, when Malory's Le Morte d'Arthur was reprinted for the first time since 1634.[94] Initially the medieval Arthurian legends were of particular interest to poets, inspiring, for example, William Wordsworth to write "The Egyptian Maid" (1835), an allegory of the Holy Grail.[95] Pre-eminent among these was Alfred Lord Tennyson, whose first Arthurian poem, "The Lady of Shalott", was published in 1832.[96] Although Arthur himself played a minor role in some of these works, following in the medieval romance tradition, Tennyson's Arthurian work reached its peak of popularity with Idylls of the King, which reworked the entire narrative of Arthur's life for the Victorian era. First published in 1859, it sold 10,000 copies within the first week.[97] In the Idylls, Arthur became a symbol of ideal manhood whose attempt to establish a perfect kingdom on earth fails, finally, through human weakness.[98] Tennyson's works prompted a large number of imitators, generated considerable public interest in the legends of Arthur and the character himself, and brought Malory’s tales to a wider audience.[99] Indeed, the first modernization of Malory's great compilation of Arthur's tales was published shortly after Idylls appeared, in 1862, and there were six further editions and five competitors before the century ended.[100]
This interest in the "Arthur of romance" and his associated stories continued through the 19th century and into the 20th, and influenced poets such as William Morris and Pre-Raphaelite artists including Edward Burne-Jones.[101] Even the humorous tale of Tom Thumb, which had been the primary manifestation of Arthur's legend in the 18th century, was rewritten after the publication of Idylls. While Tom maintained his small stature and remained a figure of comic relief, his story now included more elements from the medieval Arthurian romances, and Arthur is treated more seriously and historically in these new versions.[102] The revived Arthurian romance also proved influential in the United States, with such books as Sidney Lanier's The Boy's King Arthur (1880) reaching wide audiences and providing inspiration for Mark Twain's satiric A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court (1889).[103] Although the "Arthur of romance" was sometimes central to these new Arthurian works (as he was in Burne-Jones's The Last Sleep of Arthur in Avalon, 1881–1898), on other occasions he reverted back to his medieval status and is either marginalised or even missing entirely, with Wagner's Arthurian operas providing a notable instance of the latter.[104] Furthermore, the revival of interest in Arthur and the Arthurian tales did not continue unabated. By the end of the 19th century, it was confined mainly to Pre-Raphaelite imitators,[105] and it could not avoid being affected by the First World War, which damaged the reputation of chivalry and thus interest in its medieval manifestations and Arthur as chivalric role model.[106] The romance tradition did, however, remain sufficiently powerful to persuade Thomas Hardy, Laurence Binyon and John Masefield to compose Arthurian plays,[107] and T. S. Eliot alludes to the Arthur myth (but not Arthur) in his poem The Waste Land, which mentions the Fisher King.[108]
Modern legend[link]
See also: King Arthur in various media
In the latter half of the 20th century, the influence of the romance tradition of Arthur continued, through novels such as T. H. White's The Once and Future King (1958) and Marion Zimmer Bradley's The Mists of Avalon (1982) in addition to comic strips such as Prince Valiant (from 1937 onward).[109] Tennyson had reworked the romance tales of Arthur to suit and comment upon the issues of his day, and the same is often the case with modern treatments too. Bradley's tale, for example, takes a feminist approach to Arthur and his legend, in contrast to the narratives of Arthur found in medieval materials,[110] and American authors often rework the story of Arthur to be more consistent with values such as equality and democracy.[111] The romance Arthur has become popular in film and theatre as well. T. H. White's novel was adapted into the Lerner-Loewe stage musical Camelot (1960) and the Disney animated film The Sword in the Stone (1963); Camelot, with its focus on the love of Lancelot and Guinevere and the cuckolding of Arthur, was itself made into a film of the same name in 1967. The romance tradition of Arthur is particularly evident and, according to critics, successfully handled in Robert Bresson's Lancelot du Lac (1974), Eric Rohmer's Perceval le Gallois (1978) and perhaps John Boorman's fantasy film Excalibur (1981); it is also the main source of the material utilised in the Arthurian spoof Monty Python and the Holy Grail (1975).[112]
Re-tellings and re-imaginings of the romance tradition are not the only important aspect of the modern legend of King Arthur. Attempts to portray Arthur as a genuine historical figure of c. 500 AD, stripping away the "romance", have also emerged. As Taylor and Brewer have noted, this return to the medieval "chronicle tradition"' of Geoffrey of Monmouth and the Historia Brittonum is a recent trend which became dominant in Arthurian literature in the years following the outbreak of the Second World War, when Arthur's legendary resistance to Germanic invaders struck a chord in Britain.[113] Clemence Dane's series of radio plays, The Saviours (1942), used a historical Arthur to embody the spirit of heroic resistance against desperate odds, and Robert Sherriff's play The Long Sunset (1955) saw Arthur rallying Romano-British resistance against the Germanic invaders.[114] This trend towards placing Arthur in a historical setting is also apparent in historical and fantasy novels published during this period.[115] In recent years the portrayal of Arthur as a real hero of the 5th century has also made its way into film versions of the Arthurian legend, most notably the TV series Arthur of the Britons[116] and the feature films King Arthur (2004) and The Last Legion (2007).[117] The 2008 BBC series Merlin is a reimagining of the legend in which the future King Arthur and Merlin are young contemporaries. Camelot (2011) [118] is an exclusive short series of episodes which depict Arthur in ancient Briton and his struggle for the throne. Also, a recent Disney film, Avalon High has been released, the story about a modern day King Arthur and his knights of the round table.
Legacy as a role model[link]
During the Middle Ages, Arthur was made a member of the Nine Worthies, a group of heroes encapsulating all the ideal qualities of chivalry. His life was thus proposed as a valuable subject for study by those aspiring to chivalric status. This aspect of Arthur in the Nine Worthies was popularised firstly through literature and was thereafter adopted as a frequent subject by painters and sculptors. Arthur has also been used as a model for modern-day behaviour. In the 1930s, the Order of the Fellowship of the Knights of the Round Table was formed in Britain to promote Christian ideals and Arthurian notions of medieval chivalry.[119] In the United States, hundreds of thousands of boys and girls joined Arthurian youth groups, such as the Knights of King Arthur, in which Arthur and his legends were promoted as wholesome exemplars.[120]
Legacy in popular culture[link]
Arthur's diffusion within contemporary culture goes beyond obviously Arthurian endeavours, with Arthurian names being regularly attached to objects, buildings and places. As Norris J. Lacy has observed, "The popular notion of Arthur appears to be limited, not surprisingly, to a few motifs and names, but there can be no doubt of the extent to which a legend born many centuries ago is profoundly embedded in modern culture at every level."[121]
See also[link]
- Historical basis for King Arthur
- King Arthur's family
- King Arthur's messianic return
- Excalibur and Clarent, King Arthur's weapons
- List of Arthurian characters
- List of books about King Arthur
- List of films based on Arthurian legend
- Nine Worthies, of which Arthur was one
Notes[link]
- ^ Barber 1986, p. 141
- ^ Higham 2002, pp. 11–37, has a summary of the debate on this point.
- ^ Charles-Edwards 1991, p. 15; Sims-Williams 1991. Y Gododdin cannot be dated precisely: it describes 6th-century events and contains 9th- or 10th- century spelling, but the surviving copy is 13th-century.
- ^ Thorpe 1966, but see also Loomis 1956
- ^ See Padel 1994; Sims-Williams 1991; Green 2007b; and Roberts 1991a
- ^ Dumville 1986; Higham 2002, pp. 116–69; Green 2007b, pp. 15–26, 30–38.
- ^ Green 2007b, pp. 26–30; Koch 1996, pp. 251–53.
- ^ Charles-Edwards 1991, p. 29
- ^ Morris 1973
- ^ Myres 1986, p. 16
- ^ Gildas, De Excidio et Conquestu Britanniae, chapter 26.
- ^ Pryor 2004, pp. 22–27
- ^ Bede, Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum, Book 1.16.
- ^ Dumville 1977, pp. 187–88
- ^ Green 1998; Padel 1994; Green 2007b, chapters five and seven.
- ^ Historia Brittonum 56, 73; Annales Cambriae 516, 537.
- ^ For example, Ashley 2005.
- ^ Heroic Age 1999
- ^ Modern scholarship views the Glastonbury cross as the result of a probably late 12th-century fraud. See Rahtz 1993 and Carey 1999.
- ^ These range from Lucius Artorius Castus, a Roman officer who served in Britain in the 2nd or 3rd century (Littleton & Malcor 1994), to Roman usurper emperors such as Magnus Maximus or sub-Roman British rulers such as Riotamus (Ashe 1985), Ambrosius Aurelianus (Reno 1996), Owain Ddantgwyn (Phillips & Keatman 1992), and Athrwys ap Meurig (Gilbert, Wilson & Blackett 1998)
- ^ Malone 1925
- ^ Marcella Chelotti, Vincenza Morizio, Marina Silvestrini, Le epigrafi romane di Canosa, Volume 1, Edipuglia srl, 1990, pp. 261, 264.
- ^ Ciro Santoro, "Per la nuova iscrizione messapica di Oria", La Zagaglia, A. VII, n. 27, 1965, pp. 271-293.
- ^ Ciro Santoro, "La Nuova Epigrafe Messapica «IM 4. 16, I-III» di Ostuni ed nomi" in Art-, Ricerche e Studi, Volume 12, 1979, pp. 45-60
- ^ Wilhelm Schulze, "Zur Geschichte lateinischer Eigennamen" (Volume 5, Issue 2 of Abhandlungen der Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, Philologisch-Historische Klasse, Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften Göttingen Philologisch-Historische Klasse) , 2nd edition, Weidmann, 1966, p. 72, pp. 333-338
- ^ Olli Salomies: Die römischen Vornamen. Studien zur römischen Namengebung. Helsinki 1987, p. 68
- ^ Herbig, Gust., "Falisca", Glotta, Band II, Göttingen, 1910, p. 98
- ^ Koch 1996, p. 253
- ^ Zimmer, Stefan, "The Name of Arthur – A New Etymology ", Journal of Celtic Linguistics, Vol. 13, No. 1, March 2009, University of Wales Press, pp. 131-136.
- ^ See Higham 2002, p. 74.
- ^ See Higham 2002, p. 80.
- ^
- Zimmer, Stefan, "The Name of Arthur: a new etymology", in: Journal of Celtic Linguistics, Vol. 13, No. 1, March 2009, University of Wales Press, pp. 131-136.
- Bromwich, Rachel, Trioedd ynys Prydein: the Welsh triads, University of Wales Press, 1978, p. 544
- Zimmer, Stefan, "Die keltischen Wurzeln der Artussage: mit einer vollständigen Übersetzung der ältesten Artuserzählung Culhwch und Olwen", Winter, 2006, p. 37
- Johnson, Flint, The British Sources of the Abduction and Grail Romances, University Press of America, 2002, pp. 38-39.
- Walter, Philippe; Faccia, M. (trans.), Artù. L'orso e il re, Edizioni Arkeios, 2005, p. 74. (Original French ed.: Arthur: l'ours et le roi; Paris: Imago, 2002 ISBN 2-911416-64-3
- Chambers, Edmund Kerchever, Arthur of Britain, Speculum Historiale, 1964, p. 170
- ^ Anderson 2004, pp. 28–29; Green 2007b, pp. 191–4.
- ^ * Jaski, Bart, "Early Irish examples of the name Arthur", in: Zeitschrift für celtische Philologie; Bd. 56, 2004.
- ^ Adomnán, I, 8–9 and translator's note 81; Bannerman, pp. 82–83. Bannerman, pp. 90–91, notes that Artúr is the son of Conaing, son of Áedán in the Senchus fer n-Alban.
- ^ Green 2007b, pp. 45–176
- ^ Green 2007b, pp. 93–130
- ^ Padel 1994 has a thorough discussion of this aspect of Arthur's character.
- ^ Green 2007b, pp. 135–76. On his possessions and wife, see also Ford 1983.
- ^ Williams 1937, p. 64, line 1242
- ^ Charles-Edwards 1991, p. 15; Koch 1996, pp. 242–45; Green 2007b, pp. 13–15, 50–52.
- ^ See, for example, Haycock 1983–84 and Koch 1996, pp. 264–65.
- ^ Online translations of this poem are out-dated and inaccurate. See Haycock 2007, pp. 293–311, for a full translation, and Green 2007b, p. 197 for a discussion of its Arthurian aspects.
- ^ See, for example, Green 2007b, pp. 54–67 and Budgey 1992, who includes a translation.
- ^ Koch & Carey 1994, pp. 314–15
- ^ Sims-Williams 1991, pp. 38–46 has a full translation and analysis of this poem.
- ^ For a discussion of the tale, see Bromwich & Evans 1992; see also Padel 1994, pp. 2–4; Roberts 1991a; and Green 2007b, pp. 67–72 and chapter three.
- ^ Barber 1986, pp. 17–18, 49; Bromwich 1978
- ^ Roberts 1991a, pp. 78, 81
- ^ Roberts 1991a
- ^ Translated in Coe & Young 1995, pp. 22–27. On the Glastonbury tale and its Otherworldly antecedents, see Sims-Williams 1991, pp. 58–61.
- ^ Coe & Young 1995, pp. 26–37
- ^ See Ashe 1985 for an attempt to use this vita as a historical source.
- ^ Padel 1994, pp. 8–12; Green 2007b, pp. 72–5, 259, 261–2; Bullock-Davies 1982
- ^ Wright 1985; Thorpe 1966
- ^ Geoffrey of Monmouth, Historia Regum Britanniae Book 8.19–24, Book 9, Book 10, Book 11.1–2
- ^ Thorpe 1966
- ^ Roberts 1991b, p. 106; Padel 1994, pp. 11–12
- ^ Green 2007b, pp. 217–19
- ^ History of the Kings of Britain p172
- ^ Roberts 1991b, pp. 109–10, 112; Bromwich & Evans 1992, pp. 64–5
- ^ Roberts 1991b, p. 108
- ^ Bromwich 1978, pp. 454–55
- ^ See, for example, Brooke 1986, p. 95.
- ^ Ashe 1985, p. 6; Padel 1995, p. 110; Higham 2002, p. 76.
- ^ Crick 1989
- ^ Sweet 2004, p. 140. See further, Roberts 1991b and Roberts 1980.
- ^ As noted by, for example, Ashe 1996.
- ^ For example, Thorpe 1966, p. 29
- ^ Stokstad 1996
- ^ Loomis 1956; Bromwich 1983; Bromwich 1991.
- ^ Lacy 1996a, p. 16; Morris 1982, p. 2.
- ^ For example, Geoffrey of Monmouth, Historia Regum Britanniae Book 10.3.
- ^ Padel 2000, p. 81
- ^ Morris 1982, pp. 99–102; Lacy 1996a, p. 17.
- ^ Lacy 1996a, p. 17
- ^ Burgess & Busby 1999
- ^ Lacy 1996b
- ^ Kibler & Carroll 1991, p. 1
- ^ Lacy 1996b, p. 88
- ^ Roach 1949–83
- ^ Ulrich, von Zatzikhoven 2005
- ^ Padel 2000, pp. 77–82
- ^ See Jones & Jones 1949 for accurate translations of all three texts. It is not entirely certain what, exactly, the relationship is between these Welsh romances and Chrétien's works, however: see Koch 1996, pp. 280–88 for a survey of opinions
- ^ a b Lacy 1992–96
- ^ For a study of this cycle, see Burns 1985.
- ^ On Malory and his work, see Field 1993 and Field 1998.
- ^ Vinaver 1990
- ^ Carley 1984
- ^ Parins 1995, p. 5
- ^ Ashe 1968, pp. 20–21; Merriman 1973
- ^ Ashe 1968, pp. 20–21
- ^ Green 2007a
- ^ Parins 1995, pp. 8–10
- ^ Wordsworth 1835
- ^ See Potwin 1902 for the sources Tennyson used when writing this poem
- ^ Taylor & Brewer 1983, p. 127
- ^ See Rosenberg 1973 and Taylor & Brewer 1983, pp. 89–128 for analyses of The Idylls of the King.
- ^ See, for example, Simpson 1990.
- ^ Staines 1996, p. 449
- ^ Taylor & Brewer 1983, pp. 127–161; Mancoff 1990.
- ^ Green 2007a, p. 127; Gamerschlag 1983
- ^ Twain 1889; Smith & Thompson 1996.
- ^ Watson 2002
- ^ Mancoff 1990
- ^ Workman 1994
- ^ Hardy 1923; Binyon 1923; and Masefield 1927
- ^ Eliot 1949; Barber 2004, pp. 327–28
- ^ White 1958; Bradley 1982; Tondro 2002, p. 170
- ^ Lagorio 1996
- ^ Lupack & Lupack 1991
- ^ Harty 1996; Harty 1997
- ^ Taylor & Brewer 1983, chapter nine; see also Higham 2002, pp. 21–22, 30.
- ^ Thompson 1996, p. 141
- ^ For example: Rosemary Sutcliff's The Lantern Bearers (1959) and Sword at Sunset (1963); Mary Stewart's The Crystal Cave (1970) and its sequels; Parke Godwin's Firelord (1980) and its sequels; Stephen Lawhead's The Pendragon Cycle (1987–99); Nikolai Tolstoy's The Coming of the King (1988); Jack Whyte's The Camulod Chronicles (1992–97); and Bernard Cornwell's The Warlord Chronicles (1995–97). See List of books about King Arthur.
- ^ Arthur of the Britons (TV Series 1972–1973) - IMDb
- ^ King Arthur at the Internet Movie Database; The Last Legion at the Internet Movie Database
- ^ Camelot at the Internet Movie Database
- ^ Thomas 1993, pp. 128–31
- ^ Lupack 2002, p. 2; Forbush & Forbush 1915
- ^ Lacy 1996c, p. 364
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- Roberts, Brynley F. (1991b), "Geoffrey of Monmouth, Historia Regum Britanniae and Brut Y Brenhinedd", in Bromwich, Rachel; Jarman, A. O. H.; Roberts, Brynley F., The Arthur of the Welsh, Cardiff: University of Wales Press, pp. 98–116, ISBN 978-0-7083-1107-3 .
- Rosenberg, John D. (1973), The Fall of Camelot: A Study of Tennyson's 'Idylls of the King', Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, ISBN 978-0-674-29175-1 .
- Simpson, Roger (1990), Camelot Regained: The Arthurian Revival and Tennyson, 1800–1849, Cambridge: Brewer, ISBN 978-0-85991-300-3 .
- Sims-Williams, Patrick (1991), "The Early Welsh Arthurian Poems", in Bromwich, Rachel; Jarman, A. O. H.; Roberts, Brynley F., The Arthur of the Welsh, Cardiff: University of Wales Press, pp. 33–71, ISBN 978-0-7083-1107-3 .
- Smith, C.; Thompson, R. H. (1996), "Twain, Mark", in Lacy, Norris J., The New Arthurian Encyclopedia, New York: Garland, p. 478, ISBN 978-1-56865-432-4 .
- Staines, D. (1996), "Tennyson, Alfred Lord", in Lacy, Norris J., The New Arthurian Encyclopedia, New York: Garland, pp. 446–449, ISBN 978-1-56865-432-4 .
- Stokstad, M. (1996), "Modena Archivolt", in Lacy, Norris J., The New Arthurian Encyclopedia, New York: Garland, pp. 324–326, ISBN 978-1-56865-432-4 .
- Sweet, Rosemary (2004), Antiquaries: The Discovery of the Past in Eighteenth-century Britain, London: Continuum, ISBN 1-85285-309-3 .
- Taylor, Beverly; Brewer, Elisabeth (1983), The Return of King Arthur: British and American Arthurian Literature Since 1800, Cambridge: Brewer, ISBN 978-0-389-20278-3 .
- Thomas, Charles (1993), Book of Tintagel: Arthur and Archaeology, London: Batsford, ISBN 978-0-7134-6689-8 .
- Thompson, R. H. (1996), "English, Arthurian Literature in (Modern)", in Lacy, Norris J., The New Arthurian Encyclopedia, New York: Garland, pp. 136–144, ISBN 978-1-56865-432-4 .
- Thorpe, Lewis, ed. (1966), Geoffrey of Monmouth, The History of the Kings of Britain, Harmondsworth: Penguin, OCLC 3370598 .
- Tondro, Jason (2002), "Camelot in Comics", in Sklar, Elizabeth Sherr; Hoffman, Donald L., King Arthur in Popular Culture, Jefferson, NC: McFarland, pp. 169–181, ISBN 978-0-7864-1257-0 .
- Twain, Mark (1889), A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court, New York: Webster, OCLC 11267671 .
- Ulrich, von Zatzikhoven (2005), Lanzelet, New York: Columbia University Press, ISBN 978-0-231-12869-8 . Trans. Thomas Kerth.
- Vinaver, Sir Eugène, ed. (1990), The Works of Sir Thomas Malory, Oxford: Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-812346-0 . Third, revised, ed.
- Watson, Derek (2002), "Wagner: Tristan und Isolde and Parsifal", in Barber, Richard, King Arthur in Music, Cambridge: D. S. Brewer, pp. 23–34, ISBN [[Special:BookSources/978-0-85991-767-3|978-0-85991-767-3]] .
- White, Terence Hanbury (1958), The Once and Future King, London: Collins, OCLC 547840 .
- Williams, Sir Ifor, ed. (1937) (in Welsh), Canu Aneirin, Caerdydd [Cardiff]: Gwasg Prifysgol Cymru [University of Wales Press], OCLC 13163081 .
- Wordsworth, William (1835), "The Egyptian Maid, or, The Romance of the Water-Lily", The Camelot Project, The University of Rochester, http://www.lib.rochester.edu/camelot/egypt.htm, retrieved 2008-05-22 .
- Workman, L. J. (1994), "Medievalism and Romanticism", Poetica (39–40): 1–44 .
- Wright, Neil, ed. (1985), The Historia Regum Britanniae of Geoffrey of Monmouth, 1: Bern, Burgerbibliothek, MS. 568, Cambridge: Brewer, ISBN 978-0-85991-211-2 .
External links[link]
|
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: King Arthur |
- "Arthurian Gwent", Blaenau Gwent Borough County Council, http://www.blaenau-gwent.gov.uk/8035.asp, retrieved 2008-05-22 . An excellent site detailing Welsh Arthurian folklore.
- Arthurian Resources: King Arthur, History and the Welsh Arthurian Legends, http://www.arthuriana.co.uk, retrieved 2008-05-22 . A detailed and comprehensive academic site, which includes numerous scholarly articles, from Thomas Green of Oxford University.
- Arthuriana, http://www.arthuriana.org/, retrieved 2008-05-22 . The only academic journal solely concerned with the Arthurian Legend; a good selection of resources and links.
- Celtic Literature Collective, http://www.maryjones.us/ctexts/index_welsh.html, retrieved 2008-05-22 . Provides texts and translations (of varying quality) of Welsh medieval sources, many of which mention Arthur.
- "Faces of Arthur", Faces of Arthur, http://www.facesofarthur.org.uk/bibliograrth.htm, retrieved 2009-11-16 . An interesting collection of articles on King Arthur by various Arthurian enthusiasts.
- Ford, David Nash, "King Arthur, General of the Britons", Britannia History, http://www.britannia.com/history/arthur/kageneral.html, retrieved 2008-05-22 .
- The Camelot Project, The University of Rochester, http://www.lib.rochester.edu/camelot/cphome.stm, retrieved 2008-05-22 . Provides valuable bibliographies and freely downloadable versions of Arthurian texts.
- The Heroic Age: A Journal of Early Medieval Northwestern Europe, The Heroic Age, ISSN 1526-1827, http://www.heroicage.org/, retrieved 2008-05-22 . An online peer-reviewed journal that includes regular Arthurian articles; see especially the first issue.
- "The Medieval Development of Arthurian Literature", h2g2, BBC, http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/h2g2/A533350, retrieved 2008-05-22
Texts on Wikisource:
- "Arthur (king)". New International Encyclopedia. 1905.
- "Arthur (king)". Encyclopedia Americana. 1920.
- "Arthur". Collier's New Encyclopedia. 1921.
- Heroes Every Child Should Know: King Arthur
- "Arthur and Gorlagon", translated by Frank A. Milne, notes by Alfred Nutt. Folk-Lore. Volume 15, 1904.
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| Lisa Gerrard | |
|---|---|
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| Background information | |
| Birth name | Lisa Gerrard |
| Born | (1961-04-12) 12 April 1961 (age 51) |
| Origin | Melbourne, Australia |
| Genres | Neoclassical, New Age, Ethereal Wave, Gothic rock |
| Occupations | Composer Singer Musician |
| Instruments | Vocals, accordion, keyboards, yangqin, dulcimer, guitar |
| Years active | 1981–present |
| Labels | Gerrard Records |
| Associated acts | Dead Can Dance |
| Website | Lisa Gerrard |
Lisa Gerrard (born 12 April 1961) is an Australian musician, singer, and composer who rose to prominence as part of the music group Dead Can Dance with former music partner Brendan Perry.
Since her career began in 1981, she has been involved in a wide range of projects. Gerrard received a Golden Globe Award for the music score to the film Gladiator, on which she collaborated with Hans Zimmer. In addition to singing, she is an instrumentalist for much of her work, most prolifically using the yangqin (a Chinese hammered dulcimer).
Contents |
Early life[link]
Lisa Gerrard was born 12 April 1961 in Melbourne and grew up in the suburb of Prahran with her Irish immigrant parents. On her upbringing, she has said she grew up with "Mediterranean music blaring out of the houses" and that this influenced her music, particularly on later Dead Can Dance albums and in her solo and collaborative works.[1]
Gerrard's first foray into forming bands and creative music-making was the highly experimental Little Band scene. It was at one of these little band events that she first met Dead Can Dance cofounder Brendan Perry. Perry recalls, "It never occurred to me that we would one day collaborate musically together because at the time I thought her music was too avant garde. I particularly remember one song that she sang about finding a man in the park and asking her mother if she could bring him home to keep in her wardrobe as she attacked this chinese dulcimer with two bamboo sticks."[2]
Career[link]
Dead Can Dance[link]
Main article: Dead Can Dance
Dead Can Dance originally formed as a quartet in 1981 in Melbourne, but in 1982 moved to London with members Brendan Perry, Lisa Gerrard, and bass player Paul Erikson. Shortly after coming to England, Erikson flew back to Australia, leaving the band as a duo. Dead Can Dance recorded eight albums on the 4AD Records recording label beginning with the 1984 LP, Dead Can Dance. The band split in 1998, but reunited in 2005 for a world tour.
Solo and collaborative career[link]
File:Sanctuary-lisagerrard.jpg
Sanctuary: Lisa Gerrard A Portrait by Clive Collier
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30 second extract from "Now We Are Free" by Hans Zimmer and Lisa Gerrard. Theme from Gladiator (2000 film).
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In 1995 Gerrard recorded and released her first solo album The Mirror Pool. After the release of this album, she continued to work with Dead Can Dance, releasing their final album, Spiritchaser, in 1996. Following this, in 1998 she recorded Duality in collaboration with Pieter Bourke. This album would mark the beginning of an extensive collaboration for a number of film scores, including The Insider and Ali. Gerrard began a new collaboration with Patrick Cassidy in 2004 with the release of Immortal Memory. Again, this collaboration was furthered in film work, including Salem's Lot.
The following year in 2005, Gerrard contributed to the Ashes and Snow Soundtrack. For the songs "Womb" and "Wisdom," Gerrard and Patrick Cassidy wrote and performed together. Gerrard's collaboration with Cassidy extended to include work with conductor Julie Rogers on the songs "Devota" and "Vespers."
In 2006, Sanctuary, a documentary about the life and work of Lisa Gerrard, was recorded and released in September 2006. It is the work of multi-skilled producer/director Clive Collier and features extensive interviews with Lisa Gerrard and various people who have collaborated and worked with her in the past including Michael Mann, Russell Crowe, Hans Zimmer, and Niki Caro. The documentary was released on DVD by Milan Entertainment on 24 April 2007.
In the same year, Lisa Gerrard released her second solo album The Silver Tree. This album was markedly different from her previous work and was also her first album released outside of 4AD Records. The album was first released on iTunes, with a wider physical release planned at a future date. The album was nominated for the Australian Music Prize for 2006. It is currently shortlisted as one out of nine of the best Australian albums. In 2007 a retrospective album The Best of Lisa Gerrard, a compilation of fifteen songs, was released covering her career in Dead Can Dance, solo work, and film work.
A world tour was undertaken in 2007 beginning in April in Melbourne, Australia. This tour marked the first time Lisa Gerrard had toured in Australia, with a performance in three cities. The tour was followed by performances in Europe and North America. More performances took place in Europe and Russia from 30 October to 22 November 2007.[3] In November 2007, Lisa Gerrard collaborated with German electronic musician Klaus Schulze on the double-album Farscape. The album was released 27 July 2008 and was followed by a European tour.
In 2009 Lisa Gerrard completed work on the documentary by Australian adventurer Tim Cope called On the Trail of Genghis Khan and contributed her voice to the soundtrack, which began airing in 2010, of the Japanese NHK taiga drama Ryōmaden, a story based on the life of Sakamoto Ryoma. Also in 2009, Lisa Gerrard created her own record label, Gerrard Records, which, aside from being a conduit for the release of Gerrard's future works will also act to promote and support unrecognised artists of all genres. In September 2009, Gerrard and Klaus Schulze performed another tour in six European cities - Warsaw, Berlin, Amsterdam, Essen, Paris, and Brussels. This tour coincided with the release of Come Quietly, a joint project between Gerrard and Schulze that was released during the tour.
Lisa Gerrard released her third solo album, The Black Opal in October 2009. The album included collaboration with Michael Edwards, Patrick Cassidy, Pieter Bourke, and James Orr and was the first release to come from Gerrard Records.
In 2010 Gerrard released a new album with fellow composer Marcello De Francisci titled "Departum" from Gerrard Records which was followed by the release of three new singles; "Coming Home" - as featured in Legend of the Guardians: The Owls of Ga'Hoole, "Entry" and "Come This Way".
Gerrard also collaborated with Prash Mistry from "Engine Earz Experiment" on a track titled "Spirit Guide" which will appear on his upcoming album in 2011.
On 1 December 2010 Gerrard capped off a busy 2010 with the release of a new soundtrack album with Cye Wood titled "The Trail of Genghis Khan" which contains music from the Gerrard/Wood score to the documentary TV series by Australian adventurer Tim Cope.
Film career[link]
Lisa Gerrard's first experience in composing music for a film came with the 1989 Spanish film El Niño de la Luna, directed by Agustín Villaronga. The film score was composed by Dead Can Dance and the film featured Lisa Gerrard in her first acting role. El Niño de la Luna describes the story of David, a young orphan with special powers, escaping an institution with the help of a fellow institute inmate, Georgina, played by Lisa Gerrard.
Gerrard participated in a number of musical scores but came to fame as a film composer after recording The Insider in 1999, with Pieter Bourke, and Gladiator in 2000, with Hans Zimmer, which received an Academy Award nomination for best music score, although only Zimmer was nominated. It did, however, win a Golden Globe Award for both composers. Gerrard's score for the New Zealand independent film Whale Rider consisted entirely of solo material; a soundtrack album was released by 4AD.
In 2005 Gerrard collaborated with Ennio Morricone for Fateless followed by a collaboration with Jeff Rona on the score for the feature film "A Thousand Roads" and the song On an Ocean for the Henry Poole Is Here score. Gerrard along with Dead Can Dance also provided several contributions to the soundtrack of Baraka, a visual journey showcasing mankind's impact on our planet. Gerrard was also invited by Denez Prigent to collaborate with him on his piece "Gortoz a ran - J'attends" (meaning "I await"), a piece that was later used in the soundtrack of Ridley Scott's film Black Hawk Down.
In 2009 Lisa Gerrard wrote the score for Balibo, for which she won a Best Feature Film Score award at the 2009 APRA Screen Music Awards and an Aria Award for Best Original Soundtrack/Cast/Show Album at the 2009 Aria Awards. Gerrard finished 2009 by contributing her voice to the theme song for the Japanese NHK taiga drama Ryōmaden, which began airing in 2010.
In 2010 Gerrard completed the score for "Tears of Gaza" with Marcello De Francisci which was well received despite its controversial theme.[4] Gerrard also scored the Jim Loach directed Oranges and Sunshine starring Emily Watson and Hugo Weaving released in April 2011 which garnered her with another nomination at the 2011 IF Awards for Best Music Score.
In November 2010 Gerrard provided vocals and additional music for the post-apocalyptic sci-fi thriller Priest scored by Christopher Young which was released in 2011.
In November 2011 Gerrard completed the score for Burning Man which won her Best Music Score at the 2011 Film Critics Circle of Australia awards announced on 10 April 2012, beating scores for Snowtown, The Hunter and Red Dog.
Vocal ability[link]
Gerrard possesses the vocal range of a contralto, spanning from E3-F5.[5] Her voice has been described as rich, deep, dark, mournful and unique.[6][7][8]
She also has the ability to extend upwards into the dramatic mezzo-soprano range, examples of such would be on the songs The Host of Seraphim, Elegy, Space Weaver, Come This Way and One Perfect Sunrise.[9][10][citation needed] Gerrard however performs more predominantly in the dramatic contralto range in her other songs, Sanvean, Sacrifice, Largo and Not Yet.[11][12][13][14]
Gerrard sings many of her songs, such as "Now We Are Free", "Come Tenderness", "Serenity", "The Valley of the Moon", "Tempest", "Pilgrimage of Lost Children", "Coming Home" and "Sanvean" in an idioglossia (an idiosyncratic language) that she has developed since the age of twelve.[citation needed]
Personal life[link]
Gerrard has two children[15]. She is married to a Polish graphic design artist/music producer Jacek Tuszewski with whom she has a daughter (born 1992). Her nephew, Jack Gerrard, plays for Cairns' post-hardcore act Almost a Square as the drummer and back-up vocalist.
Discography[link]
Dead Can Dance[link]
Further information: Dead Can Dance discography
Career after Dead Can Dance[link]
- Solo Albums
- The Mirror Pool (1995)
- The Silver Tree (2006), release on iTunes and by Rubber Records and re-released in 2010 by Gerrard Records
- The Best of Lisa Gerrard (2007)
- The Black Opal (2009) released by Gerrard Records
- Singles
- "Sanvean" (1995)
- "The Human Game" (with Pieter Bourke, 1998)
- "Abwoon" (with Patrick Cassidy, 2003)
- "Hommage A Polska. 17 września" (with Klaus Schulze, 2009)
- Coming Home (2010) released by Gerrard Records
- Entry (2010) released by Gerrard Records
- Come This Way (2010) released by Gerrard Records
- Collaboration Albums
- Duality (1998), with Pieter Bourke
- Immortal Memory (2004), with Patrick Cassidy
- Ashes and Snow (2006) with Patrick Cassidy
- Farscape (2008) with Klaus Schulze
- Rheingold (2008) with Klaus Schulze
- Dziękuję Bardzo (2009) with Klaus Schulze
- "Come Quietly" (2009) with Klaus Schulze
- Departum (2010) with Marcello De Francisci
- The Trail of Genghis Khan (2010) with Cye Wood
- Miscellaneous
- Microfile: Centerfold 7" ("Centerfold" and "Window") (1981)
- Compilation entitled "From Belgrave with Love" ("Mossaic" by Lisa Gerrard and "Summer house" by Microfilm) 1981
- The Future Sound of London sample her vocals from the song "Dawn of the Iconoclast" for their 1992 hit single "Papua New Guinea" (1992)
- French promo CD-single "La bas" and "Lament"
- Compilation entitled "These Wings without Feathers" ("Dreamsong" and "Untitled") (1996)
- Guest performer for the industrial/electronic music group Delerium entitled "Forgotten Worlds" on the album, Karma (1997)
- "The Wings of a Film - The Music of Hans Zimmer" ("Now We Are Free" live)
- With Orbital: "One Perfect Sunrise" on the album The Blue Album (2004)
- Orbital featuring Lisa Gerrard: "One Perfect Sunrise" (radio mix) CD single
- Orbital featuring Lisa Gerrard: "One Perfect Sunrise" (Phil Hartnoll mix) CD single
- With Denez Prigent: "J'attends - Gortoz A Ran" with Denez Prigent on the album Irvi
- "An Hini a Garan" with Denez Prigent on the Album Sarac'h
- Mantras of a Lost Archetype (unreleased solo album)
- The Ashes and Snow art exhibition by Gregory Colbert, (with Patrick Cassidy and Michael Brook, "Devota", "Vespers", "Womb", "Wisdom")
- View from a Window collaborative song recording in track title "There in Your Arms" (2008) with Josiah Brooks
- "Wisdom of Wind" composition with Jeff Rona, recorded by Tarja Turunen for her album My Winter Storm (2007) and present in the "Enough" single (2009)
Movie score composing and contributions[link]
- Dèmoni 2 (1986) (as Dead Can Dance)
- El Niño de la Luna (1989) (as Dead Can Dance, also with Gerrard in her acting debut)
- Baraka (1992) (as Dead Can Dance, with Michael Stearns)
- Heat (1995) featured previously recorded material from The Mirror Pool
- Nadro (1998)
- The 13th Warrior (1999) with Graeme Revell (score later withdrawn)
- The Insider: Soundtrack (1999), with Pieter Bourke
- Gladiator (2000) with Hans Zimmer
- Gladiator: More Music From the Motion Picture (2000, released 2001) with Hans Zimmer
- Mission: Impossible II (2000) with Hans Zimmer
- Black Hawk Down (2001) - Song: "J'attends - Gortoz A Ran" with Denez Prigent
- Ali (2001) with Pieter Bourke
- 9/11 (2002) - Song: "Sorrow" composed with Hans Zimmer
- Whalerider (Original Soundtrack) (2003)
- Tears of the Sun (2003) with Hans Zimmer
- The West Wing (Television) (2003) - Song: "Sanvean" in the episode 7A WF 83429
- King Arthur (2004) - Song: "Amergin's Invocation"
- One Perfect Day (2004)
- The Passion of the Christ (2004) with Patrick Cassidy (score withdrawn)
- Man on Fire (2004) with Harry Gregson-Williams
- 'Salem's Lot (TV mini-series) (2004) with Patrick Cassidy and Christopher Gordon
- Layer Cake (2004)
- A Thousand Roads (2005) with Jeff Rona
- Constantine (2005) (score incomplete and withdrawn)
- Fateless (2005) with Ennio Morricone ("A song", "A Voice from the Inside", "Return to the Life")
- Seoul Train (2005)
- The Greater Meaning of Water (2006) previously recorded material
- The Mist (2007) (The Host of Seraphim)
- Playing for Charlie (2008)
- Ichi (2008) with Michael Edwards
- Henry Poole Is Here (2008)
- Balibo (2009)
- Ryomaden (2010) Theme Song to TV Series
- From Ararat to Zion (2010) with Ara Torosyan
- Legend of the Guardians: The Owls of Ga'Hoole (2010) -"The Host of the Seraphim" (DCD) and "Coming Home" (solo).
- Oranges and Sunshine (2010)
- Tears of Gaza (2010)
- Samsara (sequel to Baraka) composer of original music, with Michael Stearns and Marcello De Francisci
- Priest - vocals and additional music
- Deus Ex: Human Revolution (2011)
- Diablo 3 (2011)
Sources[link]
- ^ Interview with The Independent Newspaper
- ^ Brendan Perry biography, brendan-perry.com. Retrieved 28 December 2010.
- ^ deadcandancelibrary.com
- ^ Anderson, John (20 September 2010). "Variety Reviews - Tears of Gaza - Film Reviews - Toronto - Review by John Anderson". Variety.com. http://www.variety.com/review/VE1117943645?refcatid=31. Retrieved 4 October 2011.
- ^ Lisa Gerrard
- ^ Original Soundtrack. "A Customer's review of Gladiator: Music from the Motion Picture". Amazon.co.uk. http://www.amazon.co.uk/review/R1NDOU50KT9KQW. Retrieved 4 October 2011.
- ^ "Music: The Mirror Pool (Cassette) by Lisa Gerrard (Artist)". Tower.com. 22 August 1995. http://www.tower.com/mirror-pool-lisa-gerrard-cassette/wapi/106411002. Retrieved 4 October 2011.
- ^ "Lisa Gerrard On Tour". Synthtopia. 19 May 2007. http://www.synthtopia.com/content/2007/05/19/lisa-gerrard-concert/. Retrieved 4 October 2011.
- ^ Elegy
- ^ The Host of Seraphim
- ^ Sacrifice
- ^ Sanvean
- ^ Largo
- ^ Not Yet
- ^ http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0314713/bio
External links[link]
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Lisa Gerrard |
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| Persondata | |
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| Name | Gerrard, Lisa |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | 12 April 1961 |
| Place of birth | |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Lisa_Gerrard
35:49
Hans Zimmer Greatest Hits Mixed
donohof
Hans Zimmer Greatest Hits Mixed
Homage to Zimmer. All music composed by Hans Zimmer. Mixed by myself on Audacity. Follow me on Twitter @donohof and on Soundcloud for more mixes. NOTE: New longer mix of various composers Great Movie and Film Soundtracks Mixed 2012 uploaded 21/4/12 see my channel and new 87min Zimmer mix now my channel TRACKLISTING BELOW: Dream is Collapsing (Inception), Like a dog chasing cars (The Dark Knight), Spectres in the fog (Last Samurai), Modern Warfare 2 - Ending Long Version, Roll Tide Pt 1 (Crimson Tide), Barbarian Horde (Gladiator), The Rock Main Theme (The Rock), Roll Tide Pt 2 - Eternal Father Strong To Save (Crimson Tide), I'm Maximus Decimus Denirius (Gladiator), Chevaliers De Sangreal (Da Vinci Code), Time (Inception), The Journey Kopano Part III (Tears Of The Sun), You're So Cool (True Romance), Discombobulate (Sherlock Holmes), Honor Him (Gladiator).
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Hans Zimmer - Time - Musicvideo HD
MovieZoneET
Hans Zimmer - Time - Musicvideo HD
After weeks of work we present our Hans Zimmer - Time - Musicvideo. This is our compliation/interpretation of this masterpiece. Enjoy a journey of emotions, from sorrow over desperation up to happiness and hope. We are thankful for comment, rating and subscribing! :) MovieZoneET (Neu) Facebook: www.facebook.com LIST OF ALL MOVIES AND SERIES: ------------------------------------------------------ Pirates of the Carribean 3 Lost Inception I am Legend The Lord of the Rings Gladiator Spiderman 3 Supernatural Avatar Resident Evil - Afterlife Harry Potter King Kong Crossing Over Band of Brothers X-Men Wolverine 300 Troja Robin Hood War of the Worlds Slumdog Millionaire Alexander The Road The Dark Knight Star Wars Outlander
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Hans Zimmer's "Stand Up To Cancer"
SU2C
Hans Zimmer's "Stand Up To Cancer"
The brilliant film score composer and "Stand Up To Cancer" song co-writer Ann Marie Calhoun conduct an orchestral interpretation of the "Stand Up To Cancer" anthem. Like what you hear? Visit our website at www.standup2cancer.org
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