Dennis or Denis is either the first or last name of a male derived from the Greco-Roman name Dionysius meaning the Thracian god of wine, which is ultimately derived from the Greek Dios (Διός, "of Zeus") combined with Nysos or Nysa (Νυσα), where the young god was raised.^{[citation needed]}. Dionysus (or Dionysos; also known as Bacchus in Roman mythology and associated with the Italic Liber), the Thracian god of wine, represents not only the intoxicating power of wine, but also its social and beneficent influences. He is viewed as the promoter of civilization, a lawgiver, and lover of peace — as well as the patron deity of both agriculture and the theater.

Dionysus is a god of mystery religious rites, such as those practiced in honor of Demeter and Persephone at Eleusis near Athens. In the Thracian mysteries, he wears the "bassaris" or fox-skin, symbolizing new life. (See also Maenads)

The mediaeval Latinised form of the Anglo-Norman surname Le Denys was Dacus, ^[1] the adjectival form of Dacia, meaning "Danish" or "The Dane". The name became modernised as Denys, then later as Dennis.

Alternative forms and spellings of the name include Denis, Denys, Denish, Deon, Deonne, Deonte, and Dion, Dionice. Diminutive forms include Den, Dennoh, Deno and Denny. The name Sydenie (alternate spellings: Sydney or Sidney) may derive from a village in Normandy called Saint-Denis, although evidence is slim, and results in the diminutive forms Syd and Sid.^{[citation needed]} A medieval diminutive was Dye, from which the names Dyson and Tyson are derived.^{[citation needed]}

Dennis is a very popular English and Irish name, common throughout the English-speaking world.

Denis is a very popular French name, common throughout the Francophone world, but is also a common English, Irish, German, Italian, Dutch, Croatian, Ukrainian, Russian, Bulgarian and Bosnian name.

Dionizy is the Polish version of the name. The Irish name Donnchadh may be anglicised as Denis, but has a different origin. Dionigi or Dionisio are Italian versions of the name, although Denis is quite common in Italy.

Feminine versions of the name include: Denise, Denisa, Deni, Denice, Deniece, Dione, and Dionne.

Variants[link]

• Den English
• Dénes Hungarian
• Denis Czech, English, French, German, Romanian, Russian, Slovak, Slovene
• Deniss Latvian
• Dennis Dutch, English, German
• Denny English
• Denys Ukrainian
• Dinis Portuguese
• Diniz Portuguese
• Dionisie Romanian
• Dionísio Portuguese
• Dionisio Italian, Spanish
• Dionysios Greek
• Dionýz Slovak
• Tõnis Estonian

People with the given name Dennis[link]

This page or section lists people that share the same given name. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change that link to point directly to the intended article.

• Dennis Alexio, American kickboxer
• Dennis Aogo, German football player
• Dennis Brain, English virtuoso horn player
• Dennis Bergkamp, Dutch football player, former Arsenal FC Player, now retired
• Dennis Blake, Jamaican track and field athlete
• Dennis Brinkmann, German football player
• Dennis Brunod, Italian ski mountaineer and skyrunner
• Dennis Cagara, Danish football player
• Dennis Chambers, American drummer
• Dennis Cole, American actor
• Dennis Coles, American rapper
• Dennis Danell, Social Distortion guitarist
• Dennis Diekmeier, German football player
• Dennis Eckersley, American baseball player
• Dennis Eilhoff, German football goalkeeper
• Dennis Endras, German ice hockey goaltender
• Dennis Erickson, American football head coach
• Dennis Farina, American character actor
• Dennis Fentie, Canadian politician
• Dennis Ferrera, Honduran football player
• Dennis Franz, American actor
• Dennis Gabor, Hungarian electrical engineer and inventor
• Dennis Gansel, German film director
• Dennis Garcia, American writer
• Dennis Gentenaar, Dutch football goalkeeper
• Dennis González, American jazz musician, poet and visual artist
• Dennis Green, American football head coach
• Dennis Grote, German football player
• Dennis Hastert, American politician
• Dennis Hayden, American actor
• Dennis Haysbert, American actor
• Dennis Hopper, American actor, filmmaker and artist
• Dennis Horstmann, German DJ and dance music artist
• Dennis Howell, The Best Jail Registrar Ever
• Dennis_James_(disambiguation), several people
• Dennis Johnson, American basketball player
• Dennis Kruppke, German football player
• Dennis Kucinich, American politician
• Dennis Law (disambiguation), multiple people
• Dennis Lillee, Australian cricketer
• Dennis Lisk, German rapper
• Dennis Lynds, American author
• Dennis Lyxzén, Swedish musician
• Dennis Miller, American comedian and talk show host
• Dennis Nielsen, American colonel and politician
• Dennis Nilsen, Scottish serial killer
• Dennis Oli, English football player
• Dennis Prager, American radio host
• Dennis Price, English actor
• Dennis Quaid, American actor
• Dennis Rader, American serial killer
• Dennis Ritchie, American computer scientist
• Dennis Rodman, American basketball player
• Dennis Rommedahl, Danish football player
• Dennis Schulp, Dutch football player
• Dennis Seidenberg, German ice hockey player
• Dennis Smith (disambiguation), several people
• Dennis Souza, Brazilian football player
• Dennis Stewart (judoka), British judoka
• Dennis Taylor, Northern Irish snooker player
• Dennis Tito, American engineer, multimillionaire and space tourist
• Dennis van der Geest, Dutch judoka
• Dennis Wheatley, English author
• Dennis Wilson, American musician
• Dennis Wise, English football player and manager

Fictional[link]

• Dennis Creevey, minor character from Harry Potter
• Dennis Finch, main character from Just Shoot Me
• Dennis Nedry, character from Jurassic Park
• Dennis Reynolds, main character from It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia
• Dennis the Hitman, minor character from The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie
• Dennis the Locomotive, minor character from Thomas and Friends
• Dennis the Peasant, minor character from Monty Python and the Holy Grail
• Dennis the Menace in The Beano comic, aka Dennis Mitchell
• Dennis from Kid vs. Kat
• Dennis duffy a minor character from "30 Rock

People with the surname Dennis[link]

This page or section lists people with the surname Dennis. If an internal link intending to refer to a specific person led you to this page, you may wish to change that link by adding the person's given name(s) to the link.

• Allan Dennis, American founder and director of the Midwest Young Artists youth orchestra program
• Bill Dennis, American NASCAR driver
• C. J. Dennis, Australian poet
• Carl Dennis, American poet and educator
• Carolyn Dennis, American singer and actor
• Cathy Dennis, English singer-songwriter, record producer and actress
• Cecil Dennis, Liberian political figure who served as Minister of Foreign Affairs
• Cheri Dennis, American singer
• Clare Dennis, Australian breaststroke swimmer
• David W. Dennis, American politician
• Diana Dennis, American female bodybuilder
• Ella Dennis, born 1991, Elephant vasectomist and Whale-feces researcher
• Elias Smith Dennis, American lawyer, politician and soldier
• Eugene Dennis, American politician and long-time leader of the Communist Party USA
• Felix Dennis, English magazine publisher and philanthropist
• Franklyn Dennis, Canadian cricketer
• Gabriel Lafayette Dennis, Liberian politician
• Geoffrey W. Dennis, American rabbi and author
• George Dennis (disambiguation), several people
• Hershel Dennis, American football running back
• Hugh Dennis, English actor, comedian, writer, impressionist and voice-over artist
• Jack Dennis, American electrical engineer and computer scientist
• John Dennis (disambiguation), several people
• Kristian Dennis, English football player
• Lawrence Dennis, American diplomat, consultant and author
• Les Dennis, English comedian, celebrity, television presenter and actor
• Matt Dennis, American singer, pianist, bandleader, arranger, and writer of music
• Morgan Dennis, American illustrator and author
• Neleh Dennis, American runner-up in Survivor: Marquesas
• Nick Dennis, American actor
• Nigel Dennis, English writer, critic, playwright and magazine editor
• Patrick Dennis, American author
• Richard Dennis, American commodities trader
• Ron Dennis, English executive chairman of McLaren Automotive
• Roy L. Dennis, American boy afflicted with craniodiaphyseal dysplasia
• R.W.G. Dennis, British mycologist
• Sandy Dennis, American theater and film actress
• Shaun Dennis, Scottish football player and assistant manager
• Simon Dennis, English rower
• Tom Dennis, English snooker and billiards player
• Wesley Dennis, American English Teacher, born in Texas
• Willie Dennis, American jazz trombonist
• Willye Dennis, American librarian, civil rights activist and former Florida state legislator

References[link]

See also[link]

• Dennis (disambiguation)
• Denis (disambiguation)
• Denise (given name)
• Dionysus

Dennis "Denny" Green (born February 17, 1949) is an American football head coach for the Sacramento Mountain Lions of the United Football League. During his National Football League career, Green coached the Minnesota Vikings and Arizona Cardinals.

His best season in Minnesota was in 1998, when the record-setting Vikings finished 15–1 and set the NFL record for most points in a season (since broken by the 2007 New England Patriots). However, the Vikings lost in the NFC Championship Game, 30–27 to the Atlanta Falcons in overtime. Prior to Tony Dungy's victory in Super Bowl XLI, Green's 1998 season was the most successful season record ever by an African-American coach in the NFL. Despite compiling a record of 97–62 in the regular season with the Vikings, Green was unable to reach the Super Bowl.

Early life[link]

Green grew up in a working class household in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. His father was a postal worker and his mother a beautician. His father died when Green was 11 and his mother died when he was 13. Green has said that he was in attendance at the March 2, 1962 NBA game in Hershey, Pennsylvania where Wilt Chamberlain scored 100 points.

He attended John Harris High School (now Harrisburg High School) in Harrisburg, and graduated cum laude from the University of Iowa with a BA in finance.^[1] According to Green, he was planning to be a high school teacher if his football career didn't pan out. In college he started as halfback in each of his three seasons with the Iowa Hawkeyes.^[2] Green played briefly for the BC Lions of the Canadian Football League in 1971, then worked as an assistant coach at the University of Dayton, University of Iowa and Stanford University, initially under Bill Walsh.

College coaching career[link]

In 1981, Green was named the head coach of Northwestern University, a school that had gone 1–34 in its last 35 games. In 1981, he was only the second African American head coach in Division I-A history (the previous coach, Willie Jeffries, coached at Wichita State, which no longer has a football team).^[3] Green was named the Big Ten Conference Coach of the Year, as chosen by writers and broadcasters, in 1982 at Northwestern.^[4] He left Northwestern in 1985, doing a stint as receivers coach for the San Francisco 49ers under his former boss at Stanford, Bill Walsh.

In 1989, Green took the head coaching position at Stanford University, inheriting a team that had graduated 17 of its 21 starters from 1988. Green led the Cardinal from 1989 to 1991. During that time, his teams finished with an overall record of 16–18, a .471 winning percentage, going 3–0 in the Big Game against the California Golden Bears. In 1990, his Stanford team defeated the top-ranked Notre Dame Fighting Irish in South Bend, Indiana. His tenure culminated with an 8–3 record (Stanford's best since 1986). A loss to Washington in the opening game of the season was the deciding factor for the PAC-10 championship. The Cardinal made an appearance in the 1991 Aloha Bowl, where his team lost to Georgia Tech on a last-minute touchdown.

Professional coaching career[link]

Minnesota Vikings[link]

Green was a disciple of Bill Walsh's West Coast offense and was touted by Walsh and other NFL pundits as a likely candidate to be the second African-American head coach in the NFL. Walsh also had his eye on the job at Stanford after a stint in the broadcast booth. On January 10, 1992, Green was named head coach of the Minnesota Vikings, replacing the retiring Jerry Burns. He would be only the second African American head coach after Art Shell in the modern NFL era, and only the third of all time after Fritz Pollard and Shell.

Through his first six years with the team, Green never posted a losing record and the team failed to qualify for the playoffs only once. Initially, Green earned widespread praise for turning around a what had recently been a lackluster franchise. However, as the team's fan-base grew accustomed to regular season success, Green came under criticism for failing to advance the team deeper into the playoffs.

In 1996, two members of the Vikings' ownership board, Wheelock Whitney and Jane Dyer, reportedly contacted Lou Holtz, who was the coach of the Notre Dame Fighting Irish football team and former coach of the Minnesota Golden Gophers football team. They wanted to bring Holtz in to replace Green.^[5] Holtz abruptly announced his retirement in 1996, and rumors surrounded the reasons, one of which was the possible Vikings head coaching position.^[6]

In November 1997, Green published his autobiography No Room For Crybabies, in which he responded to the criticism and perceived personal vendettas by Twin Cities sports writers Bob Sansevere, Dan Barreiro, and Patrick Reusse.^[7] He threatened to sue the team as his response to the Lou Holtz rumors.^[8]

The high point of Green's Vikings career was the 1998 season, when the team went 15–1 and set the NFL record for the most points scored in a season (the 2007 New England Patriots under Bill Belichick currently hold this record). The Vikings advanced to the NFC Championship game, losing to the Atlanta Falcons in overtime after Vikings kicker Gary Anderson missed a field goal, and Atlanta's own Andersen made a field goal in overtime.

In 2001, the Vikings finished with a losing record for the first time in Green's decade with the team. The Vikings bought out Green's contract on January 4, 2002. Assistant coach Mike Tice led the team in their final regular season game against the Baltimore Ravens, and was eventually hired as the head coach.

Arizona Cardinals and press conference outburst[link]

After spending two seasons as an analyst for ESPN, Green was hired as head coach by the Arizona Cardinals on January 7, 2004. Through his first two years with the team, Green totaled 11 wins with the Cardinals, sending players to the Pro Bowl, and finishing 3rd and 2nd in the NFC West, an improvement over predecessor Dave McGinnis. Unlike his previous two seasons, the 2006 season began with great expectations for the Cardinals with the opening of a new stadium, sellout crowds, the drafting of quarterback Matt Leinart, and the signing of Pro Bowl running back Edgerrin James. After a solid start, the Cardinals suffered some tough early losses. The worst of these came in a Monday Night Football game on October 16, 2006. After losing a 20-point lead over the Chicago Bears in less than twenty minutes, the generally soft-spoken Green threw a tirade during a post-game media conference. In that conference, Green lashed out in response to questions about Arizona's tenacious defense that forced six turnovers and for most of the game shut down the Chicago offense:^[9]

The day after the press conference, offensive coordinator Keith Rowen was fired and replaced with quarterbacks coach Mike Kruczek. Though Green later apologized for the outburst, and the Cardinals eventually would rally to finish the season 4–3 in their last seven games, (including a rare win over playoff-bound Seattle) many pundits felt that the circumstances of the Cardinals' collapse against the Super Bowl-bound Bears on national television, combined with Green's tirade, had sealed his fate with the Cardinals. On January 1, 2007, the Arizona Cardinals fired Green, although he had a year left on his contract.^[10]

Green's tirade is still used heavily in NFL media coverage today, often comically, to describe the obvious flaws of an opponent and the failure to capitalize on that knowledge. It was mocked in a Coors TV advertisement,^[11] and during the Cardinals' 2008 NFC championship game, a sign in the crowd proclaimed "We are who we thought we were". In 2008, Green was interviewed for an NFL Network show on comebacks that covered the 2006 MNF Cardinals-Bears games, and he stated that "they are who we thought they were" referred to the Bears being a one-dimensional team that could not win if erratic quarterback Rex Grossman didn't have a strong running game taking pressure off of him. In the loss, Grossman actually committed six turnovers, but Arizona lost because Chicago scored two defensive TDs and got a Devin Hester punt return for the winning score, which held up when Arizona missed a field goal with seconds remaining.

Green's legacy at Arizona is mixed. When he arrived, the team had high expectations, and under Green the Cardinals failed to make a playoff appearance. However, he is credited with drafting and acquiring many of the players that formed the nucleus of the Cardinals' 2008 NFC West championship team.

In August 2007, the Westwood One radio network announced that it had hired Green to serve as a color analyst on their Thursday night NFL broadcasts.^[12]

California Redwoods[link]

On March 11, 2009, it was announced that Green would be the head coach of the San Francisco franchise for the United Football League's inaugural season.^[13]

Green's first game as California Redwoods coach was a 30–17 loss to the Las Vegas Locomotives.^[14]

Sacramento Mountain Lions[link]

For the 2010 season, the Redwoods moved to Sacramento and renamed themselves the Mountain Lions. However, Green has announced he will remain as head coach for 2010.

Head coaching record[link]

College[link]

NFL[link]

*Only coached 15 games

United Football League[link]

Coaching tree[link]

NFL head coaches under whom Dennis Green has served:

• Bill Walsh, San Francisco 49ers (1986–1988)

Assistant coaches under Green who have become NFL head coaches:

• Brian Billick, Baltimore Ravens (1999–2007)
• Tony Dungy, Tampa Bay Buccaneers (1996–2001), Indianapolis Colts (2002–2008)
• Mike Tice, Minnesota Vikings (2001–2005)

Other prominent coaches:

• Monte Kiffin, Minnesota Vikings (1992–1994)

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Dennis Green

• Official site
• Dennis Green at the College Football Data Warehouse

Dennis Kucinich
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Ohio's 10th district
Incumbent
Assumed office January 3, 1997
Preceded by	Martin Hoke
Member of the Ohio Senate from the 23rd district
In office January 3, 1995 – January 2, 1997
Preceded by	Anthony Sinagra
Succeeded by	Patrick Sweeney
53rd Mayor of Cleveland
In office January 26, 1978 – November 6, 1979
Preceded by	Ralph J. Perk
Succeeded by	George Voinovich
Personal details
Born	Dennis John Kucinich (1946-10-08) October 8, 1946 (age 65) Cleveland, Ohio
Nationality	American
Political party	Democratic Party
Spouse(s)	Helen Kucinich (divorced) Sandra Lee McCarthy (1977–1986, divorced) Elizabeth Kucinich (2005–present)
Children	Jackie Kucinich
Residence	Cleveland
Alma mater	Cleveland State University Case Western Reserve University
Religion	Roman Catholic
Website	Official website

Dennis John Kucinich ( /kuːˈsɪnɪtʃ/; born October 8, 1946) is the U.S. Representative for Ohio's 10th congressional district, serving since 1997. He was furthermore a candidate for the Democratic nomination for President of the United States in the 2004 and 2008 presidential elections.^[1]

The district includes most of western Cleveland as well as suburbs such as Parma and Lakewood. He is a member of the House Committee on Education and the Workforce.

From 1977 to 1979, Kucinich served as the 53rd mayor of Cleveland, Ohio, a tumultuous term in which he survived a recall election and was successful in a battle against selling the municipal electric utility before being defeated for reelection by George Voinovich.

Through his various governmental positions and campaigns, Kucinich has attracted attention for consistently delivering "the strongest liberal" perspective.^[2] This perspective has been shown by his actions, such as bringing articles of impeachment against President George W. Bush and Vice President Dick Cheney, and being the only Democratic candidate in the 2008 election to have voted against invading Iraq^[3], although eventual nominee Barack Obama had also opposed the Iraq War at the time it was started, even though he had not been in Congress at the time.

Due to redistricting by the Republican-controlled state legislature following the 2010 state elections, Ohio's 9th congressional district absorbed part of Cuyahoga County, abolishing Kucinich's district and pitting him against 9th district incumbent Marcy Kaptur in the 2012 Democratic primary, which he lost.^{[4][5][6][7][8]}

Personal life[link]

Dennis and Elizabeth Kucinich in 2008

Kucinich was born in Cleveland, Ohio, on October 8, 1946, as the eldest of the seven children of Frank and Virginia Kucinich.^[9] His father, a truck driver, was of Croat ancestry; his Irish American mother was a homemaker.^[10] Growing up, his family moved 21 times and Dennis was often charged with the responsibility of finding apartments they could afford.^[11]

He attended Cleveland State University from 1967 to 1970.^[12] In 1973, he graduated from Case Western Reserve University with both a Bachelor and a Master of Arts degree in speech and communication.^[13] Kucinich was baptized a Roman Catholic.^[12] Kucinich married Sandra Lee McCarthy in 1977; they had a daughter named Jackie in 1981 and divorced in 1986.^[14] He married his third wife, Elizabeth Harper, a British citizen, on August 21, 2005. The two met while Harper was working as an assistant for the Chicago-based American Monetary Institute, which brought her to Kucinich's House of Representatives office for a meeting.^[15]

Dennis was raised with four brothers, Larry, Frank, Gary and Perry; and two sisters, Theresa and Beth Ann. On December 19, 2007, Perry Kucinich, the youngest brother, was found dead in his apartment.^[16][17][18] On November 11, 2008, his youngest sister, Beth Ann Kucinich, also died.^[19]

Early career[link]

Kucinich's political career began early. After running unsuccessfully in 1967, Kucinich was elected to the Cleveland City Council in 1969 at the age of twenty-three.^[10] In 1972, Kucinich ran for a seat in the United States House of Representatives, losing narrowly to incumbent Republican William E. Minshall, Jr. After Minshall's retirement in 1974 Kucinich sought the seat again, this time failing to get the Democratic nomination, which instead went to Ronald M. Mottl. Kucinich ran as an Independent candidate in the general election, placing third with about 30% of the vote. In 1975, Kucinich became clerk of the municipal court in Cleveland and served in that position for two years.^[20]

Cleveland mayoralty[link]

Kucinich was elected Mayor of Cleveland in 1977 and served in that position until 1979.^[21] At thirty-one years of age, he was the youngest mayor of a major city in the United States,^[10] earning him the nickname "the boy mayor of Cleveland".^[22] Kucinich's tenure as mayor is often regarded as one of the most tumultuous in Cleveland's history.^[22][23] After Kucinich refused to sell Muni Light, Cleveland's publicly owned electric utility, the Cleveland mafia put out a hit on Kucinich. A hit man from Maryland planned to shoot him in the head during the Columbus Day Parade, but the plot fell apart when Kucinich was hospitalized and missed the event. When the city fell into default shortly thereafter, the mafia leaders called off the contract killer.^[24]

Specifically, it was the Cleveland Trust Company that suddenly required all of the city's debts be paid in full, which forced the city into default, after news of Kucinich's refusal to sell the city utility. For years, these debts were routinely rolled over, pending future payment, until Kucinich's announcement was made public. In 1998 the Cleveland City Council honored him for having had the "courage and foresight" to stand up to the banks, which saved the city an estimated $195 million between 1985 and 1995.^[25]

Post-mayoralty[link]

After losing his re-election bid for Mayor to George Voinovich in 1979, Kucinich initially kept a low profile in Cleveland politics. He criticized a tax referendum proposed by Voinovich in 1980, which voters eventually approved. He also struggled to find employment and moved to Los Angeles, California, where he stayed with a friend, actress Shirley MacLaine.^[26] During the next three years, Kucinich worked as a radio talk-show host, lecturer, and consultant.^[12] It was a difficult period for Kucinich financially. Without a steady paycheck, Kucinich fell behind in his mortgage payments, nearly lost his house in Cleveland, and ended up borrowing money from friends, including MacLaine, to keep it.^[26] On his 1982 income tax return, Kucinich reported an income of $38.^[26] When discussing this period, Kucinich stated, "When I was growing up in Cleveland, my early experience conditioned me to hang in there and not to quit... It's one thing to experience that as a child, but when you have to as an adult, it has a way to remind you how difficult things can be. You understand what people go through."^[26]

In 1982, Kucinich moved back to Cleveland and ran for Secretary of State; however, he lost the Democratic primary to Sherrod Brown.^[26] In 1983, Kucinich won a special election to fill the seat of a Cleveland city councilman who had died.^[27] His brother, Gary Kucinich, was also a councilman at the time.

In 1985, there was some speculation that Kucinich might run for mayor again. Instead, his brother Gary ran against (and lost to) the incumbent Voinovich. Kucinich, meanwhile, gave up his council position to run for Governor of Ohio as an independent against Richard Celeste, but later withdrew from the race.^[27] After this, Kucinich, in his own words "on a quest for meaning," lived quietly in New Mexico until 1994, when he won a seat in the Ohio State Senate.^[27]

House of Representatives[link]

In 1996, Kucinich was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives, representing the 10th district of Ohio. He defeated two-term Republican incumbent Martin Hoke by three percentage points. However, he has never faced another contest nearly that close, and has since been re-elected six times.^[28]

Committee assignments[link]

• Committee on Education and the Workforce
  • Subcommittee on Workforce Protections
  • Subcommittee on Health, Employment, Labor, and Pensions
• Committee on Oversight and Government Reform
  • Subcommittee on Regulatory Affairs, Stimulus Oversight and Government Spending (Ranking Member)

Domestic policy voting record[link]

Kucinich outside the Capitol in June 2007

Kucinich helped introduce and is one of 93 cosponsors (as of Feb. 22, 2010) in the House of Representatives of the United States National Health Care Act or HR 676 proposed by Rep. John Conyers in 2003,^[29] which provides for a universal single-payer public health-insurance plan.

In 2008, Kucinich introduced articles of impeachment in the House of Representatives against President George W. Bush for the invasion and occupation of Iraq.^[30]

Although his voting record is not always in line with that of the Democratic Party, on March 17, 2010, after being courted by President Barack Obama, his wife and others, he reluctantly agreed to vote with his colleagues for the Healthcare Bill without a public option component.^[31]

Kucinich voted against the USA PATRIOT Act, against the Military Commissions Act of 2006,^[32] and was one of six who voted against the Violent Radicalization and Homegrown Terrorism Act.^[33] He also voted for authorizing and directing the Committee on the Judiciary to investigate whether sufficient grounds existed for the impeachment of Bill Clinton.^[34]

Kucinich criticized the flag-burning amendment and voted against the impeachment of President Bill Clinton. His congressional voting record has leaned strongly toward a pro-life stance, although he noted that he has never supported a constitutional amendment prohibiting abortion altogether. In 2003, however, he began describing himself as pro-choice and said he had shifted away from his earlier position on the issue.^[35] Press releases have indicated that he is pro-choice and supports ending the abstinence-only policy of sex education and increasing the use of contraception to make abortion "less necessary" over time. His voting record since 2003 has reflected mixed ratings from abortion rights groups.^[36]

He has criticized Diebold Election Systems (now Premier Election Solutions) for promoting voting machines that fail to leave a traceable paper trail.^[37] He was one of the thirty-one who voted in the House to not count the electoral votes from Ohio in the United States presidential election, 2004.^[38]

Foreign policy record[link]

An earlier Congressional photo of Kucinich

Kucinich has criticized the foreign policy of President Bush, including the 2003 invasion of Iraq and what he perceives as growing American hostility towards Iran. He has always voted against funding it. In 2005, he voted against the Iran Freedom and Support Act, calling it a "stepping stone to war".^[39] He also signed a letter of solidarity with Hugo Chávez in Venezuela in 2004.^[40]

He advocates the abolition of all nuclear weapons, calling on the United States to be the leader in multilateral disarmament.^[41] Kucinich has also strongly opposed space-based weapons and has sponsored legislation, HR 2977, banning the deployment and use of space-based weapons.^[42]

Kucinich advocates US withdrawal from the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) because, in his view, it causes the loss of more American jobs than it creates, and does not provide adequate protections for worker rights and safety and environmental safeguards. He is against the Central American Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA) for the same reason.^[43]

Kucinich is also in favor of increased dialog with Iran in order to avoid a militaristic confrontation at all costs. He expressed such sentiments at an American Iranian Council conference in New Brunswick, New Jersey which included Chuck Hagel, Javad Zarif, Nicholas Kristof, and Anders Liden to discuss Iranian-American relations, and potential ways to increase dialog in order to avoid conflict.^[44]

He believes the US should move aggressively to reduce emissions that cause climate change due to global warming^[45] and should ratify the Kyoto Protocol, a major international agreement signed by over 160 countries to reduce the amount of greenhouse gases emitted by each signatory.^[46]

Kucinich and Ron Paul are the only two congressional representatives who voted^[47] against the Rothman-Kirk Resolution,^[48] which calls on the United Nations to charge Iranian president Mahmoud Ahmadinejad with violating the genocide convention of the United Nations Charter based on statements that he has made. Kucinich defended his vote by saying that Ahmadinejad's statements could be translated to mean that he wants a regime change in Israel, not death to its people and supporters, and that the resolution is an attempt to beat "the war drum to build support for a US attack on Iran."^[49] In October 2009, Kucinich and Ron Paul were the only two congressional representatives to vote against H.Res.175 condemning the government of Iran for “state-sponsored persecution of its Bahá’í minority and its continued violation of the International Covenants on Human Rights.”

On January 9, 2009, Kucinich was one of the dissenters in a 390-5 vote with 22 abstentions for a resolution recognizing Israel's "right to defend itself [against Hamas rocket attacks]" and reaffirming the U.S.'s support for Israel. The other 4 "no" votes were Gwen Moore of Wisconsin, Maxine Waters of California, Nick Rahall of West Virginia, and Ron Paul of Texas.^[50]

Kucinich is the only congressional representative to vote against^[51] the symbolic "9/11 Commemoration" resolution.^[52] In a press statement^[53] he defended his vote by saying that the bill did not make reference to "the lies that took us into Iraq, the lies that keep us there, the lies that are being used to set the stage for war against Iran and the lies that have undermined our basic civil liberties here at home."

In a visit to the rest of the Middle East in September 2007, Kucinich said he did not visit Iraq because "I feel the United States is engaging in an illegal occupation."^[54] Kucinich was criticized for his visit to Syria and praise of the President Bashar al-Assad on Syria's national TV.^[55] He praised Syria for taking in Iraqi refugees. "What most people are not aware of is that Syria has taken in more than 1.5 million Iraqi refugees," Kucinich said. "The Syrian government has actually shown a lot of compassion in keeping its doors open, and being a host for so many refugees."^[56]

Despite Kucinich's committed opposition to the war in Iraq, in the days after the September 11, 2001 attacks he did vote to authorize President Bush broad war making powers,^[57] the Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Terrorists. The Authorization was used by the Bush Administration in its justification for suspension of habeas corpus in the Guantanamo Bay detention camp and its wiretapping of American citizens under the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act. Kucinich voted along with 419 of his House colleagues in favor of this resolution, while only one Congresswoman opposed, Representative Barbara Lee.

In March 2010, the House rejected a Kucinich resolution regarding the War in Afghanistan by a vote of 356-65.^[58] The resolution would have required the Obama administration to withdraw all American troops from Afghanistan by the end of the year.^[59][60] Kucinich reportedly based the resolution on the War Powers Resolution of 1973.^[59]

In March 2011, Kucinich criticized the Obama administration's decision to participate in the UN intervention in Libya without Congressional authorization. He also called it an "indisputable fact" that President Obama's decision is an impeachable offense since he believes the U.S. Constitution "does not provide for the president to wage war any times he pleases," although he has not yet introduced a resolution to impeach Obama.^[61] In response, Libyan officials invited Kucinich to visit that country on a "peace mission", but he declined, stating that he "could not negotiate on behalf of the administration."^[62]

2004 Presidential campaign[link]

Kucinich speaks out against the occupation of Iraq at the 2004 Democratic National Convention.

Kucinich was criticized during his 2004 campaign for changing his stance on the issue of abortion.^[35] His explanation was "I've always worked to make abortions less necessary, through sex education and birth control. But the direction that Congress has taken, increasingly, is to make it impossible for women to be able to have an abortion if they need to protect their health. So when I saw the direction taken, it finally came to the point where I understood that women will not be truly free unless they have the right to choose."^[63]

Ralph Nader praised Kucinich as "a genuine progressive",^{[citation needed]} and most Greens were friendly to Kucinich's campaign, some going so far as to indicate that they would not have run against him had he won the Democratic nomination. However, Kucinich was unable to carry any states in the 2004 Democratic Primaries, and John Kerry eventually won the Democratic nomination at the Democratic National Convention.

Press coverage[link]

On December 10, 2003, the American Broadcasting Company (ABC) announced the removal of its correspondents from the campaigns of Kucinich, Carol Moseley Braun and Al Sharpton.^[64]

The announcement came one day after a Democratic presidential debate hosted by ABC News' Ted Koppel, in which Koppel asked whether the candidacies of Kucinich, Moseley Braun and Sharpton were merely "vanity campaigns", and Koppel and Kucinich exchanged uncomfortable dialog.^[65]

Kucinich, previously critical of the limited coverage given his campaign, characterized ABC's decision as an example of media companies' power to shape campaigns by choosing which candidates to cover and questioned its timing, coming immediately after the debate.^[64]

ABC News, while stating its commitment to give coverage to a wide range of candidates, argued that focusing more of its "finite resources" on those candidates most likely to win would best serve the public debate.^[65]

Polls and primaries[link]

In the 2004 Democratic presidential nomination race, national polls consistently showed Kucinich's support in single digits, but rising, especially as Howard Dean lost some support among peace activists for refusing to commit to cutting the Pentagon budget. Though he was not viewed as a viable contender by most, there were differing polls on Kucinich's popularity.

He placed second in MoveOn.org's primary, behind Dean. He also placed first in other polls, particularly Internet-based ones. This led many activists to believe that his showing in the primaries might be better than what Gallup polls had been saying. However, in the non-binding Washington, D.C. primary, Kucinich finished fourth (last out of candidates listed on the ballot), with only 8% of the vote. Support for Kucinich was most prevalent in the caucuses around the country.

In the Iowa caucuses, he finished fifth, receiving about 1% of the state delegates from Iowa; far below the 15% threshold for receiving national delegates. He performed similarly in the New Hampshire primary, placing sixth among the seven candidates with 1% of the vote. In the Mini-Tuesday primaries, he finished near the bottom in most states, with his best performance in New Mexico where he received less than 6% of the vote, and still no delegates. Kucinich's best showing in any Democratic contest was in the February 24 Hawaii caucus, in which he won 31% of caucus participants, coming in second place to Senator John Kerry of Massachusetts and winning Maui County, the only county won by Kucinich in either of his presidential campaigns. He also saw a double-digit showing in Maine on February 8, where he got 16% percent in that state's caucus.

On Super Tuesday, March 2, Kucinich gained another strong showing with the Minnesota caucus, where 17% of the ballots went to him. In his home state of Ohio, he gained 9% in the primary.

Kucinich campaigned heavily in Oregon, spending 30 days there during the two months leading up to the state's May 18 primary. He continued his campaign because "the future direction of the Democratic Party has not yet been determined"^[66] and chose to focus on Oregon "because of its progressive tradition and its pioneering spirit."^[67] He won 16% of the vote.

Even after Kerry won enough delegates to secure the nomination, Kucinich continued to campaign until just before the convention, citing an effort to help shape the agenda of the Democratic Party. He was the last candidate to end his campaign. He endorsed Kerry on July 22, four days before the start of the Democratic National Convention.^[68]

2008 Presidential campaign[link]

Kucinich speaking on the campaign trail, January 2007.

On December 11, 2006 in a speech delivered at Cleveland City Hall, Kucinich announced he would seek the nomination of the Democratic Party for President in 2008. His platform^[69] for 2008 included:

• Creating a single-payer not-for-profit system of universal health care that provides full coverage for all Americans by passage of the United States National Health Care Act.
• The immediate, phased withdrawal of all U.S. forces from Iraq; replacing them with an international security force.
• Guaranteed quality education for all; including free pre-kindergarten and college for all who want it.
• Immediate withdrawal from the World Trade Organization (WTO) and North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).
• Immediate repeal of the USA PATRIOT Act.
• Fostering a world of international cooperation.
• Abolishing the death penalty.
• Environmental renewal and clean energy.
• Creating a moratorium on Genetically Modified Organism (GMO).
• Implementation of H.R. 676, which integrates traditional medicine with complementary and alternative medicine (CAM).
• Ban offshore drilling.
• Halt all Biochemical Aerial Spraying of Pesticides and other toxins.
• Preventing the privatization of social security.
• Providing full social security benefits at age 65.
• Creating a cabinet-level "Department of Peace"
• Ratifying the ABM Treaty and the Kyoto Protocol.
• Introducing reforms to bring about instant-runoff voting.
• Protecting a woman's "right to choose" while decreasing the number of abortions performed in the U.S.
• Lowering the voting age to 16
• Ending the War on Drugs.
• Legalizing same-sex marriage.
• Strongly promoting workers' rights.
• Ending the H-1B and L-1 visa Programs
• Restoring rural communities and family farms.
• Strengthening gun control.
• Legalizing medicinal marijuana and decriminalizing non-medical possession.

Kucinich described his stance on the issues as mainstream.^[70]

Kucinich told his supporters in Iowa that if he did not appear on the second ballot in any caucus that they should back Barack Obama:

"I hope Iowans will caucus for me as their first choice ... because of my singular positions on the war, on health care and trade," Kucinich said. "But in those caucus locations where my support doesn't reach the necessary threshold, I strongly encourage all of my supporters to make Barack Obama their second choice."^[71][72]

At a debate of Democratic presidential candidates in Philadelphia on October 30, 2007, NBC's Tim Russert cited a passage from a book by Shirley MacLaine in which the author writes that Kucinich had seen a UFO from her home in Washington State. Russert asked if MacLaine's assertion was true. Kucinich confirmed and emphasized that he merely meant he had seen an unidentified flying object, just as former US president Jimmy Carter has.^[73] Russert then cited a statistic that 14% of Americans say they have witnessed a UFO.^[73]

On November 16, 2007, Larry Flynt hosted a fundraiser for Kucinich at the Los Angeles-based Hustler-LFP headquarters, attended by Kucinich and his wife, which has drawn criticism from Flynt's detractors. Attendees included such notables as Edward Norton, Woody Harrelson, Sean Penn, Robin Wright Penn, Melissa Etheridge, Tammy Etheridge, Stephen Stills, Kristen Stills, Frances Fisher, and Esai Morales. Campaign representatives declined to comment.^[74][75]

In December 2007, author Gore Vidal endorsed Kucinich for president.^[76]

Kucinich's 2008 presidential campaign was advised by a steering committee including Progressive Democrats of America (PDA) Founder Steve Cobble, long-time Kucinich press secretary Andy Junewicz, former RFK, McCarthy, Humphrey, McGovern and Carter political consultant Michael Carmichael, former Carter Fundraiser Marcus Brandon, Ani DiFranco Tour Manager Susan Alzner, West Point Graduate and former Army Captain Mike Klein, former Communications Director of Democrats Abroad Sharon Manitta and New Jersey-based political consultant Vin Gopal. The campaign was seen as a platform to push progressive issues into the Democratic Party, including a not-for-profit health care system, same-sex marriage, increasing the minimum wage, opposing capital punishment, and impeachment.

On Monday, January 7, 2008 actor Viggo Mortensen endorsed Kucinich's presidential campaign in New Hampshire.^[77] On Thursday, January 10, 2008, Kucinich asked for a New Hampshire recount based on discrepancies between the machine-counted ballots and the hand-counted ballots. He stated that he wanted to make sure "100% of the voters had 100% of their votes counted."^[78]

On Tuesday, January 15, 2008, Kucinich was "disinvited" from a Democratic presidential debate on MSNBC. A ruling that the debate could not go ahead without Kucinich was overturned on appeal.^[79] Kucinich later responded to the questions posed in the MSNBC debate in a show hosted by Democracy Now!^[80]

Kucinich dropped his bid for the Democratic nomination on Thursday, January 24, 2008, and did not endorse any other candidate. He later endorsed Barack Obama after he had won the nomination.^[81][82] On Friday, January 25, 2008, he made a formal announcement of the end of his campaign for president and his focus on reelection to Congress.^[83]

Kucinich gestures to the audience following his speech on the second day of the 2008 Democratic National Convention in Denver, Colorado.

On August 27, 2008, he delivered a widely publicized speech at the Democratic National Convention.^[84]

Congressional campaigns[link]

Kucinich has always been reelected to Congress by sound margins in his strongly Democratic-leaning district. Kucinich has so far won primary challenges against him for the Democratic nomination convincingly.

2006[link]

Kucinich defeated another Democratic primary challenger by a wide margin and defeated Republican Mike Dovilla in the general election with 66% of the vote.

2008[link]

His opponents included Cleveland City Councilman Joe Cimperman and North Olmsted Mayor Thomas O'Grady. In February 2008 Kucinich raised around $50,000 compared to Cimperman's $228,000,^[85] but through a YouTube money raising campaign he managed to raise $700,000, surpassing Cimperman's $487,000.^[86][87]

Cimperman, who was endorsed by the Mayor of Cleveland and The Plain Dealer, criticized Kucinich for focusing too much on campaigning for president and not on the district. Kucinich accused Cimperman of representing corporate and real estate interests. Cimperman described Kucinich as an absentee congressman who failed to pass any major legislative initiatives in his 12-year House career. In an interview, Cimperman said he was tired of Kucinich and Cleveland being joke fodder for late-night talk-show hosts, saying "It's time for him to go home."^[88][89] An ad paid for by Cimperman's campaign stated that Kucinich has missed over 300 votes, but by checking the ad's source, the actual number was 139.^[90] However, Kucinich is well known for his constituency service.^[91]

A report suggested that representatives of Nancy Pelosi and American Israel Public Affairs Committee would "guarantee" Kucinich's re-election if he dropped his bid to impeach Dick Cheney and George W. Bush, though Kucinich denies the meeting happened.^[92][93] It was also suggested that Kucinich's calls for universal health care and an immediate withdrawal from Iraq made him a thorn in the side of the Democrats' congressional leadership, as well as his refusal to pledge to support the eventual presidential nominee, which he later reconsidered.^[88]

Kucinich took part in a debate with the other primary challengers. Barbara Ferris criticized him for not bringing as much money back to the district as other area legislators and authoring just one bill that passed during his 12 years in Congress. Kucinich responded "It was a Republican Congress and there weren't many Democrats passing meaningful legislation during a Republican Congress."^[94]

Kucinich won the primary, receiving 68,156 votes out of 135,589 cast to beat Cimperman 52% to 33%.^[95]

Kucinich defeated former State Representative Jim Trakas in the November 4, 2008 general election with 153,357 votes, 56.8% of those cast.

2010[link]

Kucinich defeated Republican nominee Peter J. Corrigan and Libertarian nominee Jeff Goggins in the November 2, 2010 general election with 101,343 votes, 53.1% of those cast.^[96]

2012[link]

Redistricting by the Republican-controlled state legislature threw Kucinich into the same district as another Democratic incumbent, Marcy Kaptur. The two competed in the Democratic primary on March 6, 2012, but Kucinich lost after an increasingly-bitter campaign. Kucinich had been endorsed by another House member, Barney Frank of Massachusetts.^[97]

Political positions[link]

Based on his voting record in Congress, the American Conservative Union (ACU) gave Kucinich a conservative rating of 9.73%,^[98] and for 2008, the liberal Americans for Democratic Action (ADA) gave him a liberal rating of 95%.^[99]

Monetary reform[link]

In the aftermath of the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008, Kucinich has called for the Federal Reserve System to be put under control of U.S. Treasury.^[100] Additionally, banks shall no longer be allowed to create money, putting an end to fractional-reserve banking.^[101] He cites Stephen Zarlenga as the initiator of that proposal.

Plan for Iraq[link]

On January 8, 2007 Kucinich unveiled his comprehensive exit plan to bring the troops home and stabilize Iraq. His plan includes the following steps:^[102]

1. Announce that the US will end the occupation, close the military bases, and withdraw.
2. Announce that existing funds will be used to bring the troops and the necessary equipment home.
3. Order a simultaneous return of all US contractors to the US and turn over the contracting work to the Iraqi government.
4. Convene a regional conference for developing a security and stabilization force for Iraq.
5. Prepare an international security peacekeeping force to replace US troops, who then return home.
6. Develop and fund a process of national reconciliation.
7. Restart programs for reconstruction and creating jobs for the Iraqi people.
8. Provide reparations for the damage that has been done to the lives of Iraqis.
9. Assure the political sovereignty of Iraq and ensure that their oil is not stolen.
10. Repair the Iraqi economy.
11. Guarantee economic sovereignty for Iraq.
12. Commence an international truth and reconciliation process, which establishes a policy of truth and reconciliation between the people of the US and Iraq.

Kucinich has criticized the Bush administration for supporting the People's Mujahedin of Iran terrorist group in Iraq and other insurgent groups that have attacked the Iranian state.^[103]

Space Preservation Act of 2001[link]

Kucinich introduced the first Space Preservation Act, on October 2, 2001, with no cosponsors. The bill was designed to "preserve the cooperative, peaceful uses of space for the benefit of all humankind." The bill was referred to the House Science, the House Armed Services, and the House International Relations committees. The bill died in committee (April 9, 2002) because of an unfavorable executive comment received from the Department of Defense.^[104]

Impeachment proceedings against Dick Cheney[link]

Wikinews has related news: Democrat submits resolution to impeach Cheney

Wikisource has original text related to this article: US House Resolution 333

On April 17, 2007, Kucinich sent a letter to his Democratic colleagues saying that he planned to file impeachment proceedings against Dick Cheney, then Vice President of the United States.^[105] Kucinich planned to introduce the impeachment articles on April 24, 2007, but in light of Cheney's visit to his doctor for an inspection of a blood clot, Kucinich decided to postpone the scheduled press conference "until the vice president's condition is clarified."^[106]

Kucinich held a press conference on the evening of April 24, 2007, revealing House Resolution 333 and the three articles of impeachment against Cheney. He charges Cheney with manipulating the evidence of Iraq's weapons program, deceiving the nation about Iraq's connection to al-Qaeda, and threatening aggression against Iran in violation of the United Nations charter. Kucinich opened his press conference by quoting from the Declaration of Independence, and stated: "I believe the Vice President's conduct of office has been destructive to the founding purposes of our nation. Today, I have introduced House Resolution 333, Articles of Impeachment Relating to Vice President Richard B. Cheney. I do so in defense of the rights of the American people to have a government that is honest and peaceful."^[107]

During the first Democratic Presidential debate at South Carolina State University,^[108] none of the other candidates' hands went up when the moderator, Brian Williams, asked if they would support Kucinich's plan to impeach Cheney. In response, Kucinich retrieved a pocket-sized copy of the U.S. Constitution from his coat and expressed the importance of protecting and defending constitutional principles.

This is a pocket copy of the Constitution which I carry with me, because I took an oath to defend the Constitution. We've spent a lot of time talking about Iraq here tonight and America's role in the world. This country was taken into war based on lies. This country was taken into war based on lies about weapons of mass destruction and Al Qaeda's role with respect to Iraq, which there wasn't one at the time we went in. I want to state that Mr. Cheney must be held accountable. He is already ginning up a cause for war against Iran. Now, we have to stand for this Constitution, we have to protect and defend this Constitution. And this vice president has violated this Constitution. So I think that while my friends on the stage may not be ready to take this stand, the American people should know that there's at least one person running for president who wants to reconnect America with its goodness, with its greatness, with its highest principles, which currently are not being reflected by those who are in the White House.

—Dennis Kucinich, New York Times, April 27, 2007^[109]

By January 29, 2008, 24 other Congressional representatives became cosponsors.^[110] Six of these were members of the House Judiciary Committee: Tammy Baldwin, Keith Ellison, Hank Johnson, Maxine Waters, Steve Cohen and Sheila Jackson-Lee. In addition, Congressman Robert Wexler, supported by Representatives Luis Gutierrez and Tammy Baldwin, began openly calling for impeachment hearings to begin.

Cheney impeachment articles introduced[link]

On November 6, 2007, Kucinich used special parliamentary procedure and moved for a vote on impeaching the Vice President.^[111] House Majority Leader Steny Hoyer and House Speaker Pelosi opposed the measure and stood by previous comments that, "impeachment is not on our agenda," and they initially moved to table the bill. When that attempt failed, Mr. Hoyer quickly moved to refer the bill to the House Judiciary Committee. That motion succeeded.^[111]

Opposition to H1B/L1 visa programs[link]

Kucinich has been a vocal opponent of the H1B and L1 visa programs. In an article on his campaign website, he states:^[112]

The expanded use of H-1B and L-1 visas has had a negative effect on the workplace of Information Technology workers in America. It has caused a reduction in wages. It has forced workers to accept deteriorating working conditions and allowed U.S. companies to concentrate work in technical and geographic areas that American workers consider undesirable. It has also reduced the number of IT jobs held by Americans.

Plan to ban handguns[link]

In the aftermath of the Virginia Tech massacre in Blacksburg, Virginia, Kucinich proposed a plan that he says would address violence in America. Kucinich is currently drafting legislation that includes a ban on the purchase, sale, transfer, or possession of handguns by civilians.^[113]

The congressman has pushed for gun control, even as a city councilman. He kept a pistol in his house for a period in 1978 (under the recommendation of the police) when he was the target of a Mafia plot. He no longer keeps the pistol.^[114]

Support for reinstating the Fairness Doctrine[link]

Kucinich is also involved in efforts to bring back the Fairness Doctrine, requiring radio stations to give liberal and conservative points of view equal time, which he and other critics of talk radio argue is not presently the case. Fellow Democrat Maurice Hichney, Vermont's independent Senator Bernie Sanders, and others have joined him in this effort.^[115] Conservatives have criticized these plans, alleging that what they believe to be a liberal-dominated Hollywood, academia, new media, and mainstream media would not be subject to these regulations.^{[116][117][118]}

Animal welfare and rights[link]

Kucinich addresses the issue of factory farming in his policy encouraging independent, family-owned, and organic farming. This would help lead to "the meat that we consume coming from happy and healthy free-range animals," Kucinich states on his campaign website.^[119]

Kucinich is one of the few vegans in Congress.^[9] He has maintained a diet for many years that excludes animal products in accordance with his conviction that "all life on our Earth [is] sacred."^[119][120]

Free Market Drug Act[link]

Kucinich believes that the prices for patented drugs are unreasonably high, and that patent monopolies have created a restricted, unfree drug market. "Simply put, if drug manufacturers were operating in a free market like most other businesses in the US, drug prices would be significantly lower." On September 29, 2004, he introduced H.R. 5155, the Free Market Drug Act; a system where the National Institutes of Health would fund research, thus disconnecting the manufacturing of drugs from research and increasing competition among private manufacturers.^[121]

Energy policy[link]

As mayor of Cleveland in the 1970s, Kucinich favored the city's existing Municipal Light System and opposed construction of the Davis-Besse Nuclear Power Plant and Perry Nuclear Power Plant on Lake Erie. Kucinich opposed a planned regional radioactive waste dump, and has long advocated renewable energy and efficient energy use.^[122]

In 2010 Kucinich stated that new nuclear reactors are not cost-effective, and that they are a slow way of meeting electricity needs as it takes five or six years for new reactors to come on line. He also said that new nuclear reactors are a risky way to meet electricity needs.^[123]

Attempts to impeach George W. Bush[link]

On June 10, 2008, Kucinich introduced 35 articles of impeachment against President George W. Bush on the floor of the House of Representatives.^{[124][125][126]} On June 11, the resolution was referred to the House Judiciary Committee.

Calling it "a sworn duty" of Congress to act, co-sponsor Robert Wexler stated: "President Bush deliberately created a massive propaganda campaign to sell the war in Iraq to the American people and the charges detailed in this impeachment resolution indicate an unprecedented abuse of executive power."^[127]

On July 10, 2008, Kucinich introduced an additional article of impeachment accusing Bush of misleading Congress into war.^{[128][129][130]}

On July 14, 2008 Kucinich introduced a new resolution of impeachment against George W. Bush, charging him with manufacturing evidence to sway public opinion in favor of the war in Iraq. This resolution was also sent to the judiciary committee.

Democratic leaders Steny Hoyer and Nancy Pelosi opposed the impeachment efforts.^{[citation needed]} None of them ever progressed to a full House vote.

Youth rights[link]

In a Democratic debate during the 2008 Presidential Election, Kucinich and Mike Gravel were the only two candidates who favored lowering the legal drinking age to 18 as it is in the vast majority of the world. Kucinich further said that the voting age should be lowered to 16.^[131]

Military intervention in Libya[link]

Kucinich objected to the 2011 military intervention in Libya missile strikes and questioned whether they weren't impeachable offenses. Kucinich also questioned why Democratic leaders didn’t object when President Barack Obama told them of his plan for US participation in enforcing the Libyan no-fly zone. He said Obama's action in Libya was "a grave decision that cannot be made by the president alone", and stated that failing to first seek approval of Congress was in violation of the Constitution.^[132][133]

On August 31, Al Jazeera reported that a document had been found in the headquarters of the Libyan intelligence agency which according to the author appears to be a summary of a conversation between Kucinich and an intermediary for Saif al-Islam Gaddafi in which the congressman asked for informations about the anti-Gaddafi National Transitional Council (NTC), possible links of it to al-Qaeda and corruption evidences, to lobby US lawmakers to put an end to NATO airstrikes and suspend their support for the NTC.^[134] It also listed information necessary to defend Saif al-Islam against International Criminal Court war crimes charges.^[134] Kucinich defended himself in a message to The Atlantic Wire, saying that the document in question is simply a summary of Kucinich's public positions on the Libyan campaign by a Libyan bureaucrat who never consulted with Kucinich himself. "Al Jazeera found a document written by a Libyan bureaucrat to other Libyan bureaucrats. All it proves is that the Libyans were reading the Washington Post... Any implication I was doing anything other than trying to bring an end to an unauthorised war is fiction."^[134][135]

Electoral history[link]

Recognition[link]

In 2003, Kucinich was the recipient of the Gandhi Peace Award, an annual award bestowed by the Religious Society of Friends-affiliated organization Promoting Enduring Peace.^[9]

After Kucinich lost to Marcy Kaptur in the 2012 Democratic primary, Rep. Keith Ellison (D-Minn.) said of Kucinich, "At the end of the day, we’re really going to miss Dennis. Dennis is a transformative leader. He stood up and spoke eloquently, passionately about Iraq, Afghanistan, Iran. He was a consistent voice for peace... He almost didn’t vote for the health care bill because it wasn’t good enough."^[136]

See also[link]

• 2008 Democratic Party presidential primaries
• 2008 Democratic presidential candidates
• United States presidential election, 2008
• List of United States Representatives from Ohio
• Kucinich Resolution

References[link]