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Our Lady of Guadalupe
Location	Tepeyac Hill, Mexico City
Date	12 December 1531
Witness	Saint Juan Diego
Type	Marian apparition
Holy See approval	25 May 1754, during the Pontificate of Pope Benedict XIV
Shrine	Basilica of Our Lady of Guadalupe, Tepeyac Hill, Mexico City, Mexico.

Our Lady of Guadalupe (Spanish: Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe), also the Virgin of Guadalupe (Virgen de Guadalupe) is a Roman Catholic icon of the Virgin Mary. The tradition relates that on 9 December 1531, Juan Diego, a recently converted Aztec peasant, had a vision of a young woman, a lady, while on a hill in the Tepeyac desert, near Mexico City. The lady in the vision asked him to build a church where they stood on the hill. Juan Diego told the local Bishop, Juan de Zumárraga, of the apparition; doubtful, he asked for proof. Juan Diego later returned to the Tepeyac desert hill; again, the lady appeared to Juan Diego, who told her of the bishop’s request for proof of her apparition. The lady then instructed Juan Diego to go to the hill top, where he found Castillian roses – native to Durango, the bishop’s Spanish home town – and which did not bloom in winter. Juan Diego cut the roses, placed them in the apron of his tilma cloak, and delivered them to the bishop; an imprint of the Blessed Virgin Mary appeared on the tilma.

The tilma icon is displayed in the Basilica of Our Lady of Guadalupe, which is among the most-visited Marian shrines in the Roman Catholic religious world.^[1] The icon of the Virgin of Guadalupe is Mexico’s most popular religious and cultural image, it appears bearing the titles: the Queen of Mexico,^[2] the Empress of the Americas,^[3] and the Patroness of the Americas.^[4] Throughout the Mexican national history of the 19th and 20th centuries, the Guadalupan name and image have been unifying national symbols; the first President of Mexico (1824–29) changed his name from José Miguel Ramón Adaucto Fernández y Félix to Guadalupe Victoria in honor of the Virgin of Guadalupe. Father Miguel Hidalgo, in the Mexican War of Independence (1810), and Emiliano Zapata, in the Mexican Revolution (1910) led their respective armed forces with Guadalupan flags emblazoned with an image of Our Lady of Guadalupe. In 1999, the Church officially proclaimed her the Patroness of the Americas, the Empress of Latin America, and the Protectress of Unborn Children.^[5]

The image[link]

Detail of the face

Two accounts, published in the 1640s, one in Spanish, one in Nahuatl, tell how, while walking from his village to Mexico City, in the early morning of 9 December 1531 (the Feast of the Immaculate Conception in the Spanish Empire),^[6] on the slopes of the Hill of Tepeyac, the peasant Juan Diego saw a vision of a girl of fifteen or sixteen years of age, surrounded by light. Speaking to him in Nahuatl, the local language the Lady asked that a church be built at that site, in her honor; from her words, Juan Diego recognized the Lady as the Virgin Mary. Diego told his story to the Spanish Archbishop, Fray Juan de Zumárraga, who instructed him to return to Tepeyac Hill, and ask the Lady for a miraculous sign that proved her claim. The Virgin told Juan Diego to gather flowers from the top of Tepeyac Hill. Although the season was winter, and December was very late in the growing season for flowers to bloom, at the usually barren hilltop, Juan Diego found Castillian roses, which the Virgin arranged them in his peasant cloak tilma. When Juan Diego opened the cloak before Bishop Zumárraga on 12 December, the flowers fell to the floor, and in their place was the Virgin of Guadalupe, miraculously imprinted on the fabric.^[7]

Name[link]

There is much debate over the original name given to the apparition. According to the earliest account of the apparition, the Nican Mopohua, which was written in the Nahuatl language around 1556,^[8] the Virgin Mary told Juan Bernadino, the uncle of Juan Diego, that the image left on the tilma was to be known by the name "the Perfect Virgin, Holy Mary of Guadalupe."^[9] In 1675, more than a hundred years later, Luis Becerra Tanco suggested in his work Felicidad de Mexico that the Spanish must have misunderstood Juan Bernardino and Juan Diego, and proposed two alternatives in Nahuatl that sound similar to "Guadalupe", Tequatlanopeuh, "she whose origins were in the rocky summit", and Tequantlaxopeuh, "she who banishes those who devoured us."^[10] Becerra Tanco based his argument on the fact that the "g" and "d" sounds do not exist in Nahuatl.^[10] Three reasons to in favor of the original name "Guadalupe" include the fact that Juan Diego and Juan Bernardino would have had to be familiar with the "g" and "d" sounds to pronounce their baptismal names, there is no evidence to show that the Virgin was called anything else before Becerra Tanco's proposal, and the number of documents written by contemporary Spaniards and Franciscan Friars arguing for the name of the Virgin to be changed to "Tepeaca" or "Tepeaquilla," which indicate that indeed the original name was "Guadalupe" and not a native name otherwise there would have been no controversy.^[11] There is no consensus among specialists in Nahuatl and historical anthropologists as to the possible native origin of the name of the Virgin.^[12] It has also been suggested that the name is a Hispanized Nahuatl term that the Virgin used for herself, Coatlaxopeuh (pronounced quatlashupe), meaning “the one who crushes the serpent” and that it may be referring to the feathered serpent Quetzacoatl.^[13]

History[link]

Following the Spanish Conquest in 1519–21 a temple of the mother-goddess Tonantzin at Tepeyac outside Mexico City was destroyed and a chapel dedicated to the Virgin built on the site. Newly converted Indians continued to come from afar to worship there. The object of their worship, however, was equivocal, as they continued to address the Virgin Mary as Tonantzin.^[14]

The first record of the painting's existence is in 1556, when Archbishop Alonso de Montufar, a Dominican, preached a sermon commending popular devotion to Our Lady of Guadalupe, a painting in the chapel at Tepeyac, where certain miracles had lately been performed. Days later he was answered by Francisco de Bustamante, head of the Colony's Franciscans and guardians of the chapel at Tepeyac, who delivered a sermon before the Viceroy expressing his concern that the Archbishop was promoting a superstitious regard for a painting by a native artist, Marcos Cipac de Aquino:

The devotion that has been growing in a chapel dedicated to Our Lady, called of Guadalupe, in this city is greatly harmful for the natives, because it makes them believe that the image painted by Marcos the Indian is in any way miraculous.^[15]

The next day Archbishop Montufar opened an inquiry. The Franciscans repeated their claim that the image encouraged idolatry and supersition, and testified that it was painted by "Marcos the Indian."^[15] Appearing for the Dominicans, who favored allowing the Aztecs to venerate the Guadalupe, was the Archbishop himself. The matter ended with the Franciscans deprived of custody of the shrine^[16] and the tilma mounted and displayed within a much enlarged church.^[17]

The first extended account of the image and the apparition comes in Imagen de la Virgen Maria, Madre de Dios de Guadalupe, a guide to the cult for Spanish-speakers published in 1648 by Miguel Sanchez, a diocesan priest of Mexico City.^[18] An anonymous Nahuatl language narrative, Huei tlamahuiçoltica ("The Great Event"), appeared at around the same time, probably written in 1649 by Luis Lasso de la Vega and based on Sánchez's narrative, which it closely mirrors. This contains Nican mopohua ("Here it is recounted"), a tract about the Virgin which contains the story of the apparition and the supernatural origin of the image, plus two other sections, Nican motecpana ("Here is an ordered account"), describing fourteen miracles connected with Our Lady of Guadalupe, and Nican tlantica ("Here ends"), an account of the Virgin in New Spain.^[19]

Juan Diego[link]

Eighteenth-century painting of God the Father fashioning the image.

The growing fame of the image led to a parallel interest in Juan Diego. In 1666 the Church, with the aim of establishing a feast day in his name, began gathering information from people who reported having known him, and in 1723 a formal investigation into his life was ordered, and much information was gathered. In 1987, under Pope John Paul II, who took a special interest in saints and in non-European Catholics, the Congregation for the Causes of Saints declared him "venerable", and on May 6, 1990, he was beatified by the Pope himself during Mass at the Basilica of Our Lady of Guadalupe in Mexico City, being declared “protector and advocate of the indigenous peoples," with December 9 as his feast day.

At this point historians and theologians began to question the quality of the evidence regarding Juan Diego. There is no mention of him or his miraculous vision in the writings of bishop Zumárraga, into whose hands he delivered the miraculous image, nor in the record of the ecclesiastical inquiry of 1556, which omits him entirely, nor anywhere else before the mid-17th century. Doubts as to his reality were not new: in 1883 Joaquín García Icazbalceta, historian and biographer of Zumárraga, in a confidential report on the Lady of Guadalupe for Bishop Labastida, was very hesitant to support the story of the apparition and stated his conclusion that there was never such a person.^[20] Neither were they welcome: as recently as 1996 the 83 year old abbot of the Basilica of Guadalupe, Guillermo Schulenburg, was forced to resign following an interview with the Catholic magazine Ixthus, when he said that Juan Diego was "a symbol, not a reality."^[21]

In 1995, with progress towards sanctification at a stand-still, Father Xavier Escalada, a Jesuit writing an encyclopedia of the Guadalupan legend, produced a deer skin codex, (Codex Escalada), illustrating the apparition and the life and death of Juan Diego. Although the very existence of this important document had been previously unknown, it bore the date 1548, placing it within the lifetime of those who had known Juan Diego, and bore the signatures of two trustworthy 16th century scholar-priests, Antonio Valeriano and Bernardino de Sahagún, thus verifying its contents.^[22] Some scholars remained unconvinced, describing the discovery of the Codex as "rather like finding a picture of St. Paul's vision of Christ on the road to Damascus, drawn by St. Luke and signed by St. Peter",^[23] but Diego was declared a saint, with the name of Saint Juan Diego Cuauhtlatoatzin, in 2002.

Technical analyses[link]

The original Tilma of Saint Juan Diego which hangs above the altar of the Guadalupe Basilica, Mexico City. It is encased in bulletproof glass under low-oxygen temperature

Neither the fabric ("the support") nor the image (together, "the tilma") has ever been analyzed using the full range of scientific resources available to museum conservationists. Nevertheless, four technical studies were conducted between 1751–2 and 1982. Of these, the findings of three have been published. All were commissioned by the authorized custodians of the tilma in the Basilica, and in every case the investigators had direct and unobstructed access to it.

Studies conducted between 1751–2 and 1982

MC  – in 1756 a prominent artist, Miguel Cabrera, published a report entitled "Maravilla Americana" containing the findings made by himself and six other painters in 1751 and 1752 from ocular and manual inspection.^[24]

G – José Antonio Flores Gómez, an art restorer, discussed in a 2002 interview with the Mexican journal Proceso (magazine) certain technical issues relative to the tilma, on which he had worked in 1947 and 1973.^[25]

PC – in 1979 Philip Callahan, biophysicist and USDA entomologist, specializing in Infrared imaging, took numerous infrared photographs of the front of the tilma. His findings, with photographs, were published in 1981.^[26]

R – "Proceso" also published in 2002 an interview with José Sol Rosales, formerly director of the Center for the Conservation and Listing of Heritage Artifacts (Patrimonio Artístico Mueble) of the National Institute of Fine Arts (INBA) in México City. This interview was interspersed with extracts from a report R had written in 1982 of the findings he had made during his inspection of the tilma that year using raking and UV light, and – at low magnification – a stereo microscope of the type used for surgery.^[27]

Summary conclusions ("contra" indicates a contrary finding)

(1) Support: The material of the support is soft to the touch (almost silken: MC; something like cotton: G) but to the eye it suggested a coarse weave of palm threads called "pita" or the rough fiber called "cotense" (MC), or a hemp and linen mixture (R); the traditional understanding is that it is ixtle, an agave fiber.

(2) Ground, or Primer: R asserted (MC and PC contra) by ocular examination that the tilma was primed, though with primer "applied irregularly." R does not clarify whether his observed "irregular" application entails that majorly the entire tilma was primed, or just certain areas – such as those areas of the tilma extrinsic to the image – where PC agrees had later additions. MC, alternatively, observed that the image had soaked through to the reverse of the tilma.^[28]

(3) Under-drawing: PC asserted there was no under-drawing.

(4) Brush-work: R suggested (PC contra) there was some visible brushwork on the original image, but at best in only one minute area of the image ("her eyes, including the irises, have outlines, apparently applied by a brush").

(5) Condition of the surface layer: The three most recent inspections agree (i) that significant additions have been made to the image, some of which were subsequently removed, and (ii) that the original image has been abraded and re-touched in places. Some flaking is visible (mostly along the line of the vertical seam, or at passages considered to be later additions).

(6) Varnish: The tilma has never been varnished.

(7) Binding Medium: R provisionally identified the pigments and binding medium (distemper) as consistent with 16th c. methods of painting sargas (MC, PC contra for different reasons), but the color values and luminosity are exceptional.

The technique of painting on fabric with water-soluble pigments (with or without primer or ground) is well-attested, although such a survival from the 16th c. is unprecedented. The binding medium is generally animal glue or gum arabic (see: Distemper). Such an artifact is variously discussed in the literature as a tüchlein or sarga.^[29] The tilma, considered as a type of sarga, is by no means unique, but its state of preservation is remarkable.

Religious significance[link]

The iconography of the Virgin is impeccably Catholic:^[30] Miguel Sanchez, the author of the 1648 tract Imagen de la Virgen María, described her as the Woman of the Apocalypse from the New Testament's Revelation 12:1, "clothed with the sun, and the moon under her feet, and upon her head a crown of twelve stars,"^[23] and she is also described as a representation of the Immaculate Conception.^[23] Yet despite this orthodoxy the image also had a hidden layer of coded messages for the indigenous people of Mexico which goes a considerable way towards explaining her popularity.^[31] Her blue-green mantle was the color reserved for the divine couple Ometecuhtli and Omecihuatl;^[32] her belt is interpreted as a sign of pregnancy; and a cross-shaped image symbolizing the cosmos and called nahui-ollin is inscribed beneath the image's sash.^[33] She was called "mother of maguey,"^[34] the source of the sacred beverage pulque,^[35] "the milk of the Virgin",^[36] and the rays of light surrounding her doubled as maguey spines.^[34]

Cultural significance[link]

Symbol of Mexico[link]

Flag carried by Miguel Hidalgo and his insurgent army

Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe is recognized as a symbol of all Catholic Mexicans. Miguel Sánchez, the author of the first Spanish language apparition account, identified Guadalupe as Revelation's Woman of the Apocalypse, and said:

this New World has been won and conquered by the hand of the Virgin Mary ... [who had] prepared, disposed, and contrived her exquisite likeness in this her Mexican land, which was conquered for such a glorious purpose, won that there should appear so Mexican an image.^[23]

In 1810 Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla initiated the bid for Mexican independence with his Grito de Dolores, with the cry "Death to the Spaniards and long live the Virgin of Guadalupe!" When Hidalgo's mestizo-indigenous army attacked Guanajuato and Valladolid, they placed "the image of the Virgin of Guadalupe, which was the insignia of their enterprise, on sticks or on reeds painted different colors" and "they all wore a print of the Virgin on their hats."^[37] After Hidalgo's death leadership of the revolution fell to a zambo/mestizo priest named José María Morelos, who led insurgent troops in the Mexican south. Morelos adopted the Virgin as the seal of his Congress of Chilpancingo, inscribing her feast day into the Chilpancingo constitution and declaring that Guadalupe was the power behind his victories:

New Spain puts less faith in its own efforts than in the power of God and the intercession of its Blessed Mother, who appeared within the precincts of Tepeyac as the miraculous image of Guadalupe that had come to comfort us, defend us, visibly be our protection.^[37]

Simón Bolívar noticed the Guadalupan theme in these uprisings, and shortly before Morelos' execution in 1815 wrote: "the leaders of the independence struggle have put fanaticism to use by proclaiming the famous Virgin of Guadalupe as the queen of the patriots, praying to her in times of hardship and displaying her on their flags ... the veneration for this image in Mexico far exceeds the greatest reverence that the shrewdest prophet might inspire."^[23] One of Morelos' officers, Félix Fernández, would later become the first president of Mexico, even changing his name to Guadalupe Victoria.^[37]

In 1914, Emiliano Zapata's peasant army rose out of the south against the government of Porfirio Díaz. Though Zapata's rebel forces were primarily interested in land reform – "tierra y libertad" (land and liberty) was the slogan of the uprising – when his peasant troops penetrated Mexico City they carried Guadalupan banners.^[38] More recently, the contemporary Zapatista National Liberation Army (EZLN) named their "mobile city" in honor of the Virgin: it is called Guadalupe Tepeyac. EZLN spokesperson Subcomandante Marcos wrote a humorous letter in 1995 describing the EZLN bickering over what to do with a Guadalupe statue they had received as a gift.^[39]

Mestizo culture[link]

The original relic piece taken from the Tilma of Guadalupe. Cathedral of Our Lady of the Angels

"The Aztecs ... had an elaborate, coherent symbolic system for making sense of their lives. When this was destroyed by the Spaniards, something new was needed to fill the void and make sense of New Spain ... the image of Guadalupe served that purpose."^[40]

Hernán Cortés, the Conquistador who overthrew the Aztec empire in 1521, was a native of Extremadura, home to Our Lady of Guadalupe. By the 16th century the Extremadura Guadalupe, a statue of the Virgin said to be carved by Saint Luke the Evangelist, was already a national icon. It was found at the beginning of the 14th century when the Virgin appeared to a humble shepherd and ordered him to dig at the site of the apparition. The recovered Virgin then miraculously helped to expel the Moors from Spain, and her small shrine evolved into the great Guadalupe monastery. One of the more remarkable attributes of the Guadalupe of Extremadura is that she is dark, like the Americans, and thus she became the perfect icon for the missionaries who followed Cortés to convert the natives to Christianity.^[17]

According to the traditional account, the name of Guadalupe was chosen by the Virgin herself when she appeared on the hill outside Mexico City in 1531, ten years after the Conquest.^[41] According to secular history, in 1555 Bishop Alonso de Montúfar commissioned a Virgin of Guadalupe from a native artist, who gave her the dark skin which his own people shared with the famous Extremadura Virgin.^[17] Whatever the connection between the Mexican and her older Spanish namesake, the fused iconography of the Virgin and the indigenous Nahua goddess Tonantzin provided a way for 16th-century Spaniards to gain converts among the indigenous population, while simultaneously allowing 16th century Mexicans to continue the practice of their native religion.^[42]

Guadalupe continues to be a mixture of the cultures which blended to form Mexico, both racially and religiously,^[43] "the first mestiza",^[44] or "the first Mexican".^[45] "bringing together people of distinct cultural heritages, while at the same time affirming their distinctness."^[46] As Jacques Lafaye wrote in Quetzalcoatl and Guadalupe, "as the Christians built their first churches with the rubble and the columns of the ancient pagan temples, so they often borrowed pagan customs for their own cult purposes."^[47] The author Judy King asserts that Guadalupe is a "common denominator" uniting Mexicans. Writing that Mexico is composed of a vast patchwork of differences – linguistic, ethnic, and class-based – King says "The Virgin of Guadalupe is the rubber band that binds this disparate nation into a whole."^[45] The Mexican novelist Carlos Fuentes once said that "you cannot truly be considered a Mexican unless you believe in the Virgin of Guadalupe."^[48] Nobel Literature laureate Octavio Paz wrote in 1974 that "the Mexican people, after more than two centuries of experiments, have faith only in the Virgin of Guadalupe and the National Lottery".^[49]

Roman Catholic Church[link]

Beliefs and Miracles[link]

Roman Catholic sources claim many miraculous and supernatural properties for the image such as that the tilma has maintained its structural integrity over nearly 500 years, while replicas normally last only about 15 years before suffering degradation;^[50] that it repaired itself with no external help after a 1791 ammonia spill that did considerable damage, and that on 14 November 1921 a bomb damaged the altar, but left the icon unharmed.^[51]

That in 1929 and 1951 photographers found a figure reflected in the Virgin's eyes; upon inspection they said that the reflection was tripled in what is called the Purkinje effect, commonly found in human eyes.^[52] An ophthalmologist, Dr. Jose Aste Tonsmann, later enlarged an image of the Virgin's eyes by 2500x and claimed to have found not only the aforementioned single figure, but images of all the witnesses present when the tilma was first revealed before Zumárraga in 1531, plus a small family group of mother, father, and a group of children, in the center of the Virgin's eyes, fourteen persons in all.^[53]

Numerous Catholic websites repeat an unsourced claim^[54] that in 1936 biochemist Richard Kuhn analyzed a sample of the fabric and announced that the pigments used were from no known source, whether animal, mineral or vegetable.^[53] Dr. Philip Serna Callahan, who photographed the icon under infrared light, declared from his photographs that portions of the face, hands, robe, and mantle had been painted in one step, with no sketches or corrections and no visible brush strokes.^[55]

Pontifical Pronouncements[link]

Inside the Basilica of Our Lady of Guadalupe, in Mexico City

With the Papal Brief Non Est Equidem of 25 May 1754, Pope Benedict XIV declared Our Lady of Guadalupe patron of what was then called New Spain, corresponding to Spanish Central and Northern America, and approved liturgical texts for the Holy Mass and the Breviary in her honor. Pope Leo XIII granted new texts in 1891 and authorized coronation of the image in 1895. Pope Pius X proclaimed her patron of Latin America in 1910. Pope Pius XII declared the Virgin of Guadalupe "Queen of Mexico and Empress of the Americas" in 1945, and "Patroness of the Americas" in 1946. Pope John XXIII invoked her as "Mother of the Americas" in 1961, referring to her as Mother and Teacher of the Faith of All American populations, and in 1966 Pope Paul VI sent a Golden Rose to the shrine.^[56]

In July 16, 1935, Pope Pius XI declared Our Lady of Guadalupe to be the Heavenly Patroness of the Philippines and was signed and attested by Vatican Secretary of State, Cardinal Eugenio Pacelli (later Pope Pius XII).^[5][57][58] This was revised in September 12, 1942, when Guadalupe became the secondary "Patroness of the Philippines" when Pope Pius XII installed the Immaculate Conception as the Principal Patroness of the Filipino people through the Papal Bull Impositi Nobis, though her feast day is still widely celebrated in the archipelago. Today, the Blessed Virgin Mary under this title of Our Lady of Guadalupe is especially invoked by the Catholic bishops and laypeople who oppose the legalization of abortion and the passage of the Reproductive Health Bill.

Pope John Paul II visited the shrine in the course of his first journey outside Italy as Pope from 26 to 31 January 1979, and again when he beatified Juan Diego there on 6 May 1990. In 1992 he dedicated to Our Lady of Guadalupe a chapel within St. Peter's Basilica in the Vatican. At the request of the Special Assembly for the Americas of the Synod of Bishops, he named Our Lady of Guadalupe patron of the Americas on 22 January 1999 (with the result that her liturgical celebration had, throughout the Americas, the rank of solemnity), and visited the shrine again on the following day.

On 31 July 2002, the Pope canonized Juan Diego before a crowd of 12 million, and later that year included in the General Calendar of the Roman Rite, as optional memorials, the liturgical celebrations of Saint Juan Diego Cuauhtlatoatzin (9 December) and Our Lady of Guadalupe (12 December).^[56]

Devotions and Veneration[link]

The shrine of the Virgin of Guadalupe is the most visited Catholic pilgrimage destination in the world. Over the Friday and Saturday of 11 to 12 December 2009, a record number of 6.1 million pilgrims visited the Basilica of Guadalupe in Mexico City to commemorate the anniversary of the apparition.^[59]

The Virgin of Guadalupe is considered the Patroness of Mexico and the Continental Americas; she is also venerated by Native Americans, on the account of the devotion calling for the conversion of the Americas. Replicas of the tilma can be found in thousands of churches throughout the world, and numerous parishes bear her name.

Due to a claim that her black girdle indicates pregnancy on the image, the Blessed Virgin Mary, under this title is popularly invoked as Patroness of the Unborn and a common image for the Pro-Life movement.

Buildings Named in Honor of Guadalupe[link]

• The Basilica of Guadalupe, the shrine founded on the original site on Tepeyac Hill in Mexico City
• Fresco Cycle of The Miracles of the Virgin of Guadalupe by Fernando Leal, at Basilica of Guadalupe, Mexico City
• The Basílica of Guadalupe in Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
• The Cathedral of Our Lady of Guadalupe in Zamora, Michoacán, Mexico.
• The Cathedral Santuario de Guadalupe in Dallas, Texas, United States.
• The Shrine of Our Lady of Guadalupe in La Crosse, Wisconsin, United States.
• The National Shrine of Our Lady Of Guadalupe in Makati City, Philippines.
• Our Lady of Guadalupe Shrine, Des Plaines, Illinois, United States.
• Santuario de Guadalupe, Santa Fe, New Mexico, United States.
• Basílica Menor de Santa María de Guadalupe de El Carrizal, Falcón, Venezuela
• Basílica Menor de Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe, Ponce, Puerto Rico.

See also[link]

	Mexico portal
	Catholicism portal

• Marian apparition
• Mariology

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Our Lady of Guadalupe

	Book: Mary and Mariology
Wikipedia books are collections of articles that can be downloaded or ordered in print.

• Caryana.org, The Story of Our Lady of Guadalupe
• Udayton.edu, Marian library's discussion of Guadalupe as Mexican national symbol
• NEWS.BBC.co.uk, BBC photo essay of 12 December festivities in San Miguel de Allende, Gto.
• Pbase.com, Photo essay on Los Angeles Latino community's Guadalupan murals, altars and statues.
• NewAdvent.org, The Catholic Encyclopedia
• (Spanish) ProyectoGuadalupe.com, Critical essays, iconography and documentary information about the Guadalupe
• (Spanish) Biblioteca.itam.mx, Mínima Bibliografía el Guadalupanismo

Coordinates: 19°29′04″N 99°07′02″W / 19.48444°N 99.11722°W / 19.48444; -99.11722

In the culture and practice of some Christian Churches - mainly, but not solely, the Roman Catholic Church - a Shrine to the Virgin Mary (or Marian shrine) is a shrine marking an apparition or other miracle ascribed to the Blessed Virgin Mary, or a site on which is centered a historically strong Marian devotion. Such locales are often the destination of pilgrimages

Some of the largest shrines are due to reported Marian apparitions to young and simple people on remote hilltops that had hardly been heard of prior to the reported apparition. The case of Saint Juan Diego's reported vision of Our Lady of Guadalupe in 1531 is similar to the case of Saint Bernadette Soubirous's vision in 1858 of Our Lady of Lourdes. Both saints reported a miraculous Lady on a hilltop who asked them to request that the local priests build a chapel at the site of the vision. Both visions included a reference to roses and led to large churches being built at the sites. Like Our Lady of Guadalupe in Mexico, Our Lady of Lourdes is a major Catholic symbol in France. Both visionaries were eventually declared saints.

The number of pilgrims who visit some of these shrines every year can be significant. E.g. Lourdes with a population of around 15,000 people, receives about 5,000,000 pilgrims every year and within France only Paris has more hotel rooms than Lourdes.

Side altar to the Blessed Virgin Mary in St Mary's Pro-Cathedral in Dublin

The Sanctuary of Victoriaus Our Lady in Brdów (Poland)

Major shrines[link]

Our Lady of Lebanon, Harissa, Lebanon

An image of Our Mother of Perpetual Help inside the National Shrine of Our Mother of Perpetual Help.

An extensive list of shrines by country is provided in the following sections. Some major shrines considered most significant for their apparitions and miracles are listed in this section:

• Black Madonna of Częstochowa in Częstochowa, Poland
• Loreto, Italy
• Basilica of the National Shrine of Our Lady of Aparecida, Brazil. The largest Marian shrine in the world and second overall, after the Saint Peter Basilica, in Vatican city.
• Our Lady of Fátima in Fátima, Portugal
• Our Lady of Good Success, Madrid, Spain
• Our Lady of La Salette in La Salette, France
• Our Lady of Lebanon, Harissa, Lebanon
• The Basilica of Guadalupe in Mexico City, Mexico
• The Basilica of Our Lady, Queen of Ireland in Knock, Ireland
• The Basilica of Our Lady of the Pillar, Zaragoza, Aragón, Spain
• The Sanctuary of Our Lady of Lourdes in Lourdes, France
• The Chapel of Our Lady of the Miraculous Medal in Paris, France
• Korattymuthy Shrine in Koratty, Kerala, India
• National Shrine of Our Lady of the Most Holy Rosary, La Naval de Manila, Santo Domingo Church, Quezon City Philippines
• National Shrine of Our Lady of the Most Holy Rosary of Manaoag, Manaoag, Pangasinan Philippines
• Our Lady of the Most Holy Rosary of Orani, Bataan Philippines
• Shrine of Our Lady of Peace and Good Voyage, Antipolo City Philippines
• National Shrine of Our Mother of Perpetual Help, Philippines
• Our Lady of the Poon Bato, Botolan, Zambales, Philippines
• The Minor Basilica of the Immaculate Conception, Manila, Philippines
• The Basilica Minore of the Our Lady of Piat, Piat, Cagayan, Philippines
• The Archdiocesan Shrine of Our Lady of Caysasay, Taal, Batangas, Philippines
• Our Lady of Peñafrancia in Naga City, Camarines Sur, Philippines
• Our Lady of Salambao, Obando, Bulacan, Philippines
• Basilica of Our Lady of Good Health in India.
• Our Lady of Meritxell, Andorra
• Our Lady of San Juan de los Lagos, Jalisco, Mexico
• Our Lady of Montserrat, Catalonia, Spain
• Shrine of the Virgin of Ocotlán, Ocotlán, Tlaxcala, Mexico
• Our Lady of the Gate of Dawn, Vilnius, Lithuania
• Our Lady of the Rosary of Chiquinquirá, Colombia
• Basilica of Our Lady of La Vang, La Vang, Vietnam
• The Basilica of the Most Holy Theotokos of Zarvanytsia, Ukraine
• Our Lady of Walsingham, Norfolk, England.
• Our Lady of Alcobaça, Alcobaça, Portugal.
• Our Lady of Altagracia, Higuey, Dominican Republic.
• San Francisco de Cuapa,Cuapa,Nicaragua

For the Greek Orthodox the major Marian Shrine is the Church of Our Lady of Tinos, at Tinos island in Greece which constitutes the most important Christian pilgrimage in the Aegean.

A major Anglican pilgrimage site is the shrine of Our Lady of Walsingham, at Walsingham, in Norfolk, England. In Australia there is a shrine called Our Lady of Yankalilla.

Australia[link]

• St Mary's Cathedral, Sydney
• Shrine of Our Lady of Yankalilla, South Australia
• Our Lady Queen of Peace, Virginia, Montserrado County, Liberia. Done by Our Lady of Lourdes Parish in Tweh Farm by The IT Team.

Belgium[link]

• Our Lady of Banneux in Banneux, Liège
• Our Lady of Beauraing in Beauraing, Namur
• Holy Virgin in Halle, Flemish Brabant
• Our Lady of Lourdes in Oostakker, East Flanders
• Virgin Mary in Scherpenheuvel, Flemish Brabant

Bosnia and Herzegovina[link]

• Our Lady of Međugorje in Međugorje, Bosnia and Herzegovina

Brazil[link]

• Basilica of the National Shrine of Our Lady of Aparecida, Aparecida. The largest building for a Marian shrine in the world, as well as the second most popular pilgrimage site in Latin America, after Basilica de Guadalupe. It is dedicated to Our Lady of Aparecida, Brazil's patron saint.

Canada[link]

For a complete list, see footnote^[1]

• Our Lady of Combermere in Ontario, Canada
• Queen of The Holy Rosary Shrine in Ajax, Ontario, Canada.
• Our Lady of Czestochova Church in London, Ontario, Canada

China[link]

• Our Lady of China in Donglu, China
• The Virgin of Sheshan, Help of Christians in Sheshan, China
• Our Lady of Bliss near Guiyang, China
• The Church of Our Lady of the Rosary in Longtian, China
• The Church of Our Lady of Lourdes in Qingyang, China

Croatia[link]

• Our Lady of Marija Bistrica in Marija Bistrica, Croatia
• Our Lady of Trsat in Rijeka, Croatia
• Our Lady of Sinj in Sinj, Croatia
• Our Lady of Voćin in Voćin, Croatia
• Our Lady of Aljmaš in Aljmaš, Croatia

Cyprus[link]

• Kykkos Monastery

Dominican Republic[link]

• Our Lady of Altagracia (Nuestra Señora de la Altagracia),^[2] in Higuey, La Altagracia, Dominican Republic.

Ecuador[link]

• National Shrine of Our Lady of El Cisne (Nuestra Señora de el Cisne),^[3] in El Cisne, Loja, Ecuador.

Egypt[link]

• Our Lady of Zeiton, apparitions of Virgin Mary on the Coptic Orthodox Church.

France[link]

• Ablain Saint Nazaire: Notre Dame de Lorette
• Agde: Notre Dame de l'Agenouillade
• Albi: Notre Dame de la Drèche
• Amiens: Notre Dame Cathedral
• Angoulème: Notre Dame D'Obézine
• Annecy: Basilica of the Visitation
• Antras: Notre Dame des neiges
• Arras: Notre Dame des Ardents
• Avioth: Notre Dame d'Avioth
• Azay: Notre Dame de l'Agenouillée
• Bégrolles-en-Mauges: Abbey of Bellefontaine
• Bélestat: Notre Dame du Val d'amour
• Blois: Notre Dame de la Trinité
• Boquen: Monastère Notre Dame de la croix vivifiante
• Boulogne Sur Mer: Notre Dame de Boulogne
• Cambrai: Notre Dame de Cambrai
• Chartres: Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Chartres
• Châtillon St Jean (26): Notre Dame monastery
• Clermont Ferrand: Clermont-Ferrand Cathedral
• Clermont Ferrand: Notre Dame du Port
• Cotignac
• Dému: Sanctuaire Notre-Dame du Bernet en Dému
• Douvres la Délivrande: Notre Dame de la Délivrande
• Err: Notre Dame d'Err
• Ferrières: Notre Dame de Bethléem
• Fontgombault: Abbaye Notre Dame
• Friesenheim: Notre Dame de Neunkirch
• Fronville: Notre Dame de la Bonne nouvelle
• Grignan: Abbaye Notre Dame d'Aiguebelle
• Honfleur: Notre Dame de grâce
• Ile Bouchard: Notre Dame de la prière
• Issoudun: Notre Dame du Sacré Coeur
• La Blachere: Notre Dame du Bon secours
• La Meilleraye-de-Bretagne: Abbaye Notre-Dame de Melleray
• Landevenec: Notre Dame de Folgoat
• Lanrivain: Notre Dame du Guiaudet
• La Salette: Notre Dame de La Salette
• La Trinité: Notre Dame de Laghet
• Le Folgoet: Notre Dame du Folgoet
• Le Faou: Notre Dame de Rumengol
• Laus: Notre Dame du Laus
• Le Puy en Velay
• Lescure: Notre Dame de la Visitation
• Liesse: Notre Dame cause de notre Joie
• Lille: Notre Dame de la Treille
• Lourdes: Notre Dame de Lourdes
• Lyon: Notre Dame de Fourvière
• Modane: Notre Dame de Charmaix
• Monaco: Notre Dame Immaculée
• Lure: Notre Dame de Lure attire un chantier de jeunes
• Maisnière: Notre Dame du Chêne
• Marciac: Notre Dame de la Croix
• Marsan: Notre Dame de la Paix
• Marsanne: Notre Dame du Fresneau
• Mauriac: Notre Dame des Miracles
• Monetiers les bains: Notre Dame du Mont Thabor
• Montaigut: Notre Dame d'Alep
• Montautour: Notre Dame du Roc
• Montfort sur Meu: St Louis-Marie de Montfort
• Montligeon: Notre Dame de Montligeon
• Myans: Notre Dame de Myans
• Neuilly: Notre Dame de Bonne Délivrance
• Noirétable: Notre Dame de l'Hermitage
• Villefranche-de-Rouergue: Notre Dame des Treize-Pierres
• Ollioules: Notre Dame de Bonheur
• Orcival: Notre Dame d'Orcival
• Orléans: Notre Dame des Miracles
• Paris: La médaille miraculeuse, Rue du Bac
• Paris: Notre Dame de Paris
• Paris: Notre Dame des Victoires
• Pellevoisin: « Marie, mère de miséricorde »
• Penne d'Agenay: Notre Dame de Peyragude
• Perros-Guirec: Notre Dame de la Clarté
• Pfaffenheim: Notre Dame du Schauenberg
• Phalsbourg: Notre Dame de Bonnefontaine
• Plancherine: Abbaye Notre Dame de Tamié
• Plancoet: Notre Dame de Nazareth
• Pontmain: Notre Dame de Pontmain
• Pugny: Monastère Notre Dame de l'Unité
• Quezac: Notre Dame de Quezac
• Reims: la cathédrale de Reims
• Le Testament de saint Rémi
• Reiningue: Abbaye Notre-Dame d'Oelenberg
• Ribeauville: Notre Dame de Dusenbach
• Roc-Amadour: la Vierge de Majesté
• Rodez (La Primaude): Notre Dame de Ceignac
• Ronchamp: Notre Dame du haut
• Rostrenen: Notre Dame du roncier
• Saint Auvent: Notre Dame de la Paix
• Saint Florent le Vieil: Notre Dame du Marillais
• Saint Laurent du Pont: Monastère Notre Dame du Buisson Ardent
• Saint-Laurent-les-Bains: Abbaye Notre-Dame des Neiges
• Saint Laurent sur Sèvre: Basilique Saint Louis Marie de Montfort
• Saint Martin de Belleville: Notre Dame de la Vie
• Saint Omer: Notre-Dame des Miracles
• Auray: Saint Anne d'Auray
• Saint Romain d'Ay: Notre Dame d'Ay
• Sari-Solenzara: Monastère de l'Assunta Gloriosa
• Saumur: Notre Dame des Ardilliers
• Saxon-Sion: Notre Dame de Sion
• Soligny: Abbaye de la Trappe
• Strasbourg: Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Strasbourg
• Thiezac: Notre Dame de consolation
• Thorame: Notre Dame de la fleur
• Valenciennes: Notre Dame du Saint Cordon
• Besses en Chandesse: Notre Dame de Vassivière
• Venasque: Notre Dame de Vie
• Verdelais: Notre Dame de Verdelais
• Verdun: Cathédrale de Verdun
• Violot: Notre Dame des Bois (Haute Marne)
• Vion: Notre Dame du chêne
• Vitreux: Abbaye Notre-Dame d'Acey
• Wissembourg: Notre Dame de Weiler

Germany[link]

• Shrine of St. Mary, in Aachen Cathedral. This church, frequently referred to as the "Imperial Cathedral" (in German: Kaiserdom), is a Roman Catholic church in Aachen, Germany.

Greece[link]

• Our Lady of Tinos, Tinos Island, Greece's patron saint.
• Autonomous Monastic State of the Holy Mountain, Mount Athos, Greece,the garden of the Mother of God being out of bounds to all other women.

Gibraltar[link]

• Our Lady of Europe at Europa Point, the southernmost point in Western Europe. A shrine to Mary has existed on the site since 1462. [1]

Holy Land[link]

• The Basilica of the Annunciation, in Nazareth.
• The Church of the Dormition of Our Lady on Mount Zion, in Jerusalem.
• The Church of the Tomb of the Virgin Mary in the garden of Gethsemane, in Jerusalem
• The Milk Grotto Church of Virgin Mary in Bethlehem

India[link]

Our Lady of Good Health Vailankanni

• Basilica of Our Lady of Good Health, Vailankanni, Tamil Nadu
• Poondi Matha Bascillica, Poondi, Tamil Nadu
• Our Lady of Lourdes, Villianur shrine, Pondicherry
• Our Lady of Lourdes, Pudur shrine, Madurai, Tamil Nadu
• National Shrine of Our Lady of Ransom, Vallarpadam, Cochin, Kerala
• Korattymuthy Our Lady with Poovan Bananas, Shrine of Hail Mary, Koratty, Kerala
• Our Lady of Snows Basilica, Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu
• Our Lady of Remedies, Vasai, Maharashtra
• Our Lady of Bandel, Chinsurah, West Bengal
• Our Lady of Sand, Sokkankudieruppu, Tamil Nadu
• Our Lady of Snow Kallikulam (Our Lady of Snow Church, Kallikulam), Tamil Nadu
• Forane Church of Our Lady of Snow, Palliport, Kerala, India - Manjumatha in Malayalam
• Our Lady of La Salette, Maravapatty pudur, Salethmatha in Tamil, Tamil Nadu
• Shrine Of Our Lady Of Health, Hyderabad

Ireland[link]

• The Basilica of Our Lady, Queen of Ireland in Knock, Ireland

Italy[link]

• Shrine of the Holy House, Loreto
• Holy Mary of Third Millennium at Three Fountains, Rome^[4]
• Sanctuary of Macereto
• Our Lady of the Rosary of Pompei, Pompei
• Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore, Rome, home of the Salus Populi Romani icon
• Santuario di Barbana

Japan[link]

• Our Lady of Akita Akita, Japan

Lebanon[link]

• Our Lady of Bechouat, a Marian sanctuary in the Beqaa Valley of Lebanon.
• Our Lady of Bekaa, a Marian shrine located in Zahlé, Lebanon with panoramic views of the Beqaa Valley.
• Our Lady of the Waterfall, a Marian shrine in Jezzine, Lebanon
• Our Lady of Lebanon, a Marian shrine in Harissa, Lebanon
• Our Lady of Light, a Marian chapel in Centre Ville, Beirut in Lebanon
• Our Lady of Lourdes Monument, Ain Ebel, Lebanon
• Our Lady of Mantara, a Marian shrine in Maghdouché, Lebanon
• Our Lady of Miziara, Mother of Mercies, Zgharta, Lebanon
• Our Lady of Nourieh, a Marian shrine and monastery atop Theoprosopon in Hamat, Lebanon.
• Our Lady of the Wind, Enfeh, Lebanon

Lithuania[link]

• Our Lady of the Gate of Dawn in Vilnius, Lithuania
• Pivasiunai, Lithuania
• Siluva, Lithuania
• Trakai, Lithuania
• Žemaičių Kalvarija, Lithuania

Malta[link]

• Our Lady of Consecration, Girgenti, Siġġiewi, Malta
• Our Lady of Borg in-Nadur, Borġ in-Nadur, Qajjenza, Birżebbuġa, Malta
• Our Lady of Mount Carmel Sanctuary, Valletta, Malta
• Old Parish Church of Our Lady of Sorrows, Birżebbuġa, Malta
• Parish Church of the Anuciation, Tarxien, Malta
• Parish Church of the Anuciation, Balzan, Malta
• Parish Church of the Immaculate Conception, Ħamrun, Malta
• Parish Church of Maria Regina, Marsa, Malta
• Parish Church of Monte Carmele, Fgura, Malta
• Parish Church of Monte Carmele, Fleur-de-Lys, Birkirkara, Malta
• Parish Church of Monte Carmele, Gżira, Malta
• Parish Church of Monte Carmele, Balluta Bay, San Ġiljan, Malta
• Parish Church of Our Lady of Fátima, Gwardamanġia, Pietà, Malta
• Parish Church of Our Lady of Loreto, Għajnsielem, Malta
• Parish Church of Our Lady of Lourdes, Paola, Malta
• Parish Church of Our Lady of Lourdes, San Ġwann, Malta
• Parish Church of Our Lady of Porto Salvo, Valletta, Malta
• Parish Church of Our Lady of Sorrows, San Pawl il-Baħar, Malta
• Parish Church of the Sacred Heart of Mary, Burmaradd, Malta
• Parish Church of St. Mary, Dingli, Malta
• Parish Church of St. Mary, Għaxaq, Malta
• Parish Church of St. Mary, Gudja, Malta
• Parish Church of St. Mary, Mġarr, Malta
• Parish Church of Our Lady Star of the Sea, Sliema, Malta
• Rotonda of St. Mary, Mosta, Malta
• Parish Church of St. Mary, Mqabba, Malta
• Parish Church of St. Mary, Qrendi, Malta
• Parish Church of St. Mary, Birkirkara, Malta
• Parish Church of St. Mary, Attard, Malta
• Parish Church of the Immaculate Conception, Ħamrun, Malta
• Parish Church of the Immaculate Conception, Ta' L-Ibrag, Malta
• Parish Church of Our Lady of Pompey, Marsaxlokk, Malta
• Church of Our Lady of Angels, Baħar iċ-Ċagħaq, Naxxar, Malta
• Church of Our Lady of Liesse, Valletta, Malta
• Church of Our Lady of Mensija, Mensija, San Ġwann, Malta
• Church of Our Lady of Mercy, Bir id-Deheb, Malta
• Church of Our Lady of Montserrat, Birgu, Malta
• Church of Our Lady of Good Council, Żejtun, Malta
• Church of Our Lady of Victory, Birkirkara, Malta
• Church of the Immaculate Conception, Msida, Malta
• Chapel of the Immacualte Conception, Bengħisa, Birżebbuġa, Malta
• Knisja ta' Santa Marija ta' Bubaqra, Żurrieq, Malta
• Knisja ta' Santa Marija ta' Ħal-Muxi, Żebbuġ, Malta
• Knisja tal-Madonna ta' Filfla, Filfla island near Żurrieq, Malta
• Knisja tal-Madonna tal-Girgenti, Siġġiewi, Malta
• Knisja tal-Madonna tal-Ġebla, Gżira, Malta
• Knisja tal-Madonna tal-Ħerba, Birkirkara, Malta
• Knisja tal-Madonna tal-Ħlas, Qormi, Malta
• Knisja tal-Madonna tal-Karmnu, Mdina, Malta
• Knisja tal-Madonna tal-Mirakli, Lija, Malta
• Knisja tal-Madonna tas-Samra, Ħamrun, Malta
• Knisja tal-Madonna tas-Silġ, Delimara, Malta
• Kappella tal-Madonna tal-Midalja Mirakuluża, Blata l-Bajda, Malta
• Knisja ta' Santa Marija tal-Ħlas, Żejtun, Malta
• Santwarju tal-Madonna tal-Ghar, Rabat, Malta
• Santwarju tal-Madonna ta' Pinu, Għarb, Gozo
• The Sanctuary of Our Lady of Mellieħa in Mellieħa, Malta
• Knisja ta' Marija Bambina, Senglea, Malta
• Knisja ta' Marija Bambina, Naxxar, Malta
• The Sanctuary of our Lady of the Immaculate Conception in Cospicua, Malta
• The Sanctuary of Our Lady of Graces, Żabbar, Malta

Malaysia[link]

• Chapel of Our Lady of Good Health. ( Annai Vailankanni ) Kampung Pandan Kuala Lumpur.

Mexico[link]

• The Basilica of Guadalupe in Mexico City, Mexico
• Basilica of San Juan de los Lagos in San Juan de los Lagos, Jalisco, Mexico

Netherlands[link]

Our Lady of Warfhuizen

• Our Lady Star of the Sea, Maastricht
• Our Lady the Sweet Mother, 's-Hertogenbosch, St. John's Cathedral
• Our Lady of Handel, Handel
• The Lady of All Nations, Amsterdam
• Our Lady Wealth of Joys, Oirschot
• Basilica of Our Lady of the Sacred Heart, Sittard
• Our Lady at Peril, Heiloo
• Our Lady the Garden Enclosed, Warfhuizen
• Our Lady under the Limes, Uden
• Our Lady of Ommel, Ommel
• Our Lady under the Limes, Thorn
• Our Lady of Frieswijk, Schalkhaar
• Our Lady of Oud-Zevenaar, Oud Zevenaar
• Our Lady of Bolsward, Bolsward
• Our Lady of Leeuwarden, Leeuwarden
• Our Lady ter Weeghe, Haastrecht
• Our Lady of the sand, Roermond
• Our Lady of Schilberg, Echt
• Our Lady of Haarlem, Haarlem
• Our Lady of Eiteren, IJsselstein
• Our Lady in the Oak, Meerveldhoven
• Our Lady of Aarle-Rixtel, Aarle-Rixtel
• Our Lady of Lourdes (Chapel & Silent Center), Scheveningen

Nicaragua[link]

• San Francisco de Cuapa
• Catedral de León (Nicaragua)

Pakistan[link]

• National Marian Shrine, Mariamabad

Philippines[link]

• Our Lady, Mary Mediatrix of All Grace, Carmelite Monastery Church, Lipa City, Batangas
• Archdiocesan Shrine of Our Lady of Caysasay, Taal, Batangas
• Minor Basilica of Our Lady of Visitation of Piat, Piat, Cagayan
• Minor Basilica of Our Lady of Peñafrancia, Naga City, Camarines Sur
• Minor Basilica of Our Lady of Immaculate Conception Malolos, Bulacan
• Shrine of Mary Queen of Peace (EDSA Shrine), Mandaluyong City
• Cathedral-Basilica of the Immaculate Conception, Manila
• Archdiocesan Shrine of Our Lady of Loreto, Sampaloc, Manila
• Archdiocesan Shrine of Nuestra Seňora de Guia, Ermita, Manila
• Nuestra Señora de Peñafrancia de Manila, Paco, Manila
• Our Lady of Manaoag, Manaoag, Pangasinan
• National Shrine of Mary Help of Christians, Better Living Subdivision, Parañaque City
• National Shrine of Our Mother of Perpetual Help, Baclaran, Parañaque City
• Minor Basilica of the Immaculate Conception, Pasig City
• National Shrine of Our Lady of Mt. Carmel, New Manila, Quezon City
• Diocesan Shrine of Our Lady of Mercy, Novaliches, Quezon City
• National Shrine of Our Lady of the Most Holy Rosary of La Naval de Manila (Santo Domingo Church), Quezon City
• National Shrine of Our Lady of Lourdes, Quezon City
• National Shrine of Our Lady of Peace and Good Voyage, Antipolo, Rizal
• Our Lady of the Pillar, Fort Pilar, Zamboanga City, Zamboanga del Sur
• National Shrine of Our Lady of Fatima, Marulas, Valenzuela City
• Our Lady of Charity, Bantay, Ilocos Sur
• Assumption of Mary, Santa Maria, Ilocos Sur
• Our Lady of the Good Event, Cathedral-Parish of St. Andrew, Paranaque
• Our Lady of Immaculate Concepcion, Parish Church, Dasmariñas,Cavite

Poland[link]

Interior of the Basilica in The Sanctuary of Our Lady of Lichen in Licheń Stary, Poland home to the holy icon of Our Lady of Sorrows

Simple roadside shrine to the Virgin Mary in Poland

• The Black Madonna of Częstochowa in Jasna Góra Monastery, Częstochowa, Poland
• The Sanctuary of Our Lady of Lichen in Licheń Stary, Poland
• Kodeń, The Sanctuary of Our Lady of Kodeń, Poland
• Różanystok, The Sanctuary of Our Lady of Różanystok, Poland
• Brdów, The Sanctuary of Victoriaus Our Lady of Brdów, Poland
• Stoczek Klasztorny, The Sanctuary Our Lady of Stoczek, Poland

Portugal[link]

The Sanctuary of Our Lady of Fátima (in Portugal) is one of the most famous Marian shrines in the world.

• Sanctuary of Our Lady of Fátima in Fátima, Portugal
• Sanctuary of Our Lady of Sameiro in Braga, Portugal
• Sanctuary of Our Lady of Lapa, in Sernancelhe, Portugal

Spain[link]

• The Sanctuary of Chandavila, in La Codosera, Extremadura
• The Sanctuary of Black Virgin of Montserrat, in Montserrat, Catalonia
• The Sanctuary of Our Lady of Covadonga, in Picos de Europa, Asturias
• The Sanctuary of Saint Mary of Guadalupe, in Province of Cáceres, Extremadura
• The Basilica of Our Lady of the Pillar, in Zaragoza, Aragón
• The Shrine of Our Lady of Rocío, in Andalucia
• The Basilica and Sanctuary of Our Lady of Candelaria, Tenerife, Canary Islands
• The Shrine of Our Lady of Mount Carmel of Garabandal, in Cantabrian Mountains
• The Shrine of Our Lady of Sorrows of Umbe, in Laukiz, near Bilbao, Biscay
• The Benedictine Sanctuary of Valvanera, in La Rioja

Sri Lanka[link]

• Basilica of Our Lady of Lanka in Tewatte, Ragama
• Shrine of Our Lady of Madhu in Mannar district
• Shrine of Our Lady of Matara in Matara
• Shrine of Our Lady of Remedies, Sillalai

Turkey[link]

• House of the Virgin Mary in Ephesus, Turkey, believed to be the place where Mary was taken to by St. John and lived until the Assumption
• Church of Mary in Ephesus, Turkey, in which the Council of Ephesus (the Third Ecumenical Council) was held in 431
• Life-giving Spring in Istanbul, a famous spring associated with the healing powers of the Theotokos, the feast of which is celebrated on the Friday after Easter.

Ukraine[link]

• Pochayiv Lavra in Ukraine
• The Basilica of the Most Holy Theotokos of Zarvanytsia, Ukraine

Our Lady of Westminster

United Kingdom[link]

• Ladyewell Shrine; St Mary's at Fernyhalgh and Ladyewell - The Shrine of Our Lady and the Martyrs.http://www.ladyewellshrine.co.uk/home/home.htm

Preston,Near Fulwood,Lancashire,England

• Our Lady of Ipswich in Ipswich, England
• Anglican shrine and Roman Catholic "national shrine" of Our Lady of Walsingham in Walsingham, England^[5]
• Shrine of Our Lady of Egmanton in Egmanton, Nottinghamshire, England
• Our Lady of the Taper in Cardigan, Wales
• Shrine of Our Lady of Caversham, near Reading in Berkshire
• Shrine of Our Lady, Bradstowe
• Shrine of Our Lady in Penrhys, Wales
• Our Lady of Doncaster in Doncaster, England
• Our Lady of Westminster in Westminster Cathedral, London
• Anglican Church and Shrine of St Mary's, Willesden, London NW10^[6]
• Roman Catholic Church and Shrine of Our Lady of Willesden, Willesden, London NW10^[7]
• Church and Shrine of Our Lady of the Assumption and St Gregory (also known as "Church of the Assumption" and "Warwick Street Church"), London W1^[8]

United States[link]

For a complete list and further reading, see footnotes.^[9][10] See also: List of shrines#United States.

• Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary, Basilica of the National Shrine of the; in Baltimore, Maryland
• Black Madonna Shrine and Grottos, in Jefferson County, Missouri
• Blessed Virgin Mary, Shrine of the; in Holy Name of Jesus Church, San Francisco, California
• Holy Hill National Shrine of Mary, Help of Christians, Basilica of; in Erin, Wisconsin
• Immaculate Conception, Basilica of the National Shrine of the; in Washington, D.C.
• Immaculate Heart of Mary, National Blue Army Shrine of the; in Washington, New Jersey (see Blue Army of Our Lady of Fátima#Blue Army Shrine)
• Mary, Queen of the Universe Shrine, National Shrine of; in Orlando, Florida
• Necedah Shrine, an interdicted Marian shrine in Necedah, Wisconsin.
• Our Lady of Consolation, Basilica and National Shrine of, in Carey, Ohio
• Our Lady of Czestochowa, National Shrine of; in Doylestown, Pennsylvania
• Our Lady of Fátima shrine in Franklin Furnace, Ohio
• Our Lady of Good Help, Shrine of; Brown County, Wisconsin
• Our Lady of Guadalupe, Shrine of; in LaCrosse, Wisconsin
• Our Lady of the Island, Shrine of; in Eastport, New York
• Our Lady of La Salette, National Shrine of; in Attleboro, Massachusetts
• Our Lady of Lebanon, National Shrine of; North Jackson, Ohio
• Our Lady of Loreto, in Goliad, Texas
• Our Lady of Lourdes, in Emmitsburg, Maryland
• Our Lady of Lourdes, National Shrine of; in Euclid, Ohio
• Our Lady of Lourdes Grotto located on the grounds of St. Francis Seminary, in St. Francis, Wisconsin
• Our Lady of Lourdes Grotto located on the campus of the University of Notre Dame, in Notre Dame, Indiana
• Our Lady of Lourdes Grotto maintained by the Missionary Association of Mary Immaculate in San Antonio, Texas
• Our Lady of Martyrs, Shrine of, Auriesville, New York (also known as the National Shrine of the North American Martyrs)
• Our Lady of the Miraculous Medal, National Shrine of; in Perryville, Missouri
• Our Lady of Mount Carmel, National Shrine of; in Middletown, New York
• Our Lady of Peace Shrine, in Santa Clara, California
• Our Lady of Prompt Succor, in New Orleans, Louisiana
• Our Lady of the Rockies, in Butte, Montana
• Our Lady of the Roses, Mary Help of Mothers at Bayside, New York
• Our Lady of the Snows, National Shrine of, in Belleville, Illinois
• Our Lady of Sorrows, Shrine of; in Rhineland, Missouri
• Our Lady of Walsingham for the Episcopal Church, National Shrine to; Grace Church, Sheboygan, Wisconsin
• Our Sorrowful Mother, National Sanctuary of; in Portland, Oregon
• Queen of the Holy Rosary Memorial Shrine (in memory of military veterans) in LaSalle, Illinois
• Saint Mary, Cathedral of, in Miami, Florida
• Schoenstatt Marian Shrine, in Cottage Grove, Wisconsin

Venezuela[link]

• The Shrine of Our Lady of Betania, in the State of Miranda, Venezuela
• Shrine of Virgen de Coromoto (Patrona de Venezuela), Barinas, Venezuela

Vietnam[link]

• Our Lady of La Vang in Quảng Trị, Vietnam
• Notre-Dame de Tà Pao in Binh Thuan, Vietnam

See also[link]

	Book: Mary and Mariology
Wikipedia books are collections of articles that can be downloaded or ordered in print.

• Roman Catholic Marian churches
• Marian apparition
• Necedah Shrine
• List of shrines

References[link]

Notes

External links[link]

• Queen of the Holy Rosary Shrine Lay Apostolate homepage

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