Name	Quartz
Category	Silicate mineral
Boxwidth	24
Caption	Quartz crystal cluster from Tibet
Formula	Silica (silicon dioxide, SiO2)
Strunz	04.DA.05
Dana	75.01.03.01
Symmetry	Trigonal H–M Symbol 32
Unit cell	a = 4.9133 Å, c = 5.4053 Å; Z=3
Color	Colorless through various colors to black
Habit	6-sided prism ending in 6-sided pyramid (typical), drusy, fine-grained to microcrystalline, massive
System	α-quartz: trigonal trapezohedral class 3 2; β-quartz: hexagonal 622
Lattice	hexagonal
Twinning	Common Dauphine law, Brazil law and Japan law
Cleavage	{0110} Indistinct
Fracture	Conchoidal
Tenacity	Brittle
Mohs	7 – lower in impure varieties (defining mineral)
Luster	Vitreous – waxy to dull when massive
Refractive	nω = 1.543–1.545 nε = 1.552–1.554
Opticalprop	Uniaxial (+)
Birefringence	+0.009 (B-G interval)
Pleochroism	None
Streak	White
Gravity	2.65; variable 2.59–2.63 in impure varieties
Melt	1670 °C (β tridymite) 1713 °C (β cristobalite)

Quartz is the second most abundant mineral in the Earth's continental crust, after feldspar. It is made up of a continuous framework of SiO₄ silicon–oxygen tetrahedra, with each oxygen being shared between two tetrahedra, giving an overall formula SiO₂.

There are many different varieties of quartz, several of which are semi-precious gemstones. Especially in Europe and the Middle East, varieties of quartz have been since antiquity the most commonly used minerals in the making of jewelry and hardstone carvings.

The word "quartz" is derived from the German word "quarz" and its Middle High German ancestor "twarc", which probably originated in Slavic (cf. Czech tvrdý ("hard"), Polish twardy ("hard")).

Crystal habit and structure

Quartz belongs to the trigonal crystal system. The ideal crystal shape is a six-sided prism terminating with six-sided pyramids at each end. In nature quartz crystals are often twinned, distorted, or so intergrown with adjacent crystals of quartz or other minerals as to only show part of this shape, or to lack obvious crystal faces altogether and appear massive. Well-formed crystals typically form in a 'bed' that has unconstrained growth into a void, but because the crystals must be attached at the other end to a matrix, only one termination pyramid is present. A quartz geode is such a situation where the void is approximately spherical in shape, lined with a bed of crystals pointing inward.

α-quartz crystallizes in the trigonal crystal system, space group P3₁21 and P3₂21 respectively. β-quartz belongs to the hexagonal system, space group P6₂21 and P6₄21, respectively. These spacegroups are truly chiral (they each belong to the 11 enantiomorphous pairs). Both α-quartz and β-quartz are examples of chiral crystal structures composed of achiral building blocks (SiO₄ tetrahedra in the present case). The transformation between α- and β-quartz only involves a comparatively minor rotation of the tetrahedra with respect to one another, without change in the way they are linked.

Varieties (according to color)

Pure quartz, traditionally called rock crystal (sometimes called clear quartz), is colorless and transparent (clear) or translucent, and has often been used for hardstone carvings, such as the Lothair Crystal. Common colored varieties include citrine, rose quartz, amethyst, smoky quartz, milky quartz, and others. Quartz goes by an array of different names. The most important distinction between types of quartz is that of macrocrystalline (individual crystals visible to the unaided eye) and the microcrystalline or cryptocrystalline varieties (aggregates of crystals visible only under high magnification). The cryptocrystalline varieties are either translucent or mostly opaque, while the transparent varieties tend to be macrocrystalline. Chalcedony is a cryptocrystalline form of silica consisting of fine intergrowths of both quartz, and its monoclinic polymorph moganite. Other opaque gemstone varieties of quartz, or mixed rocks including quartz, often including contrasting bands or patterns of color, are agate, sard, onyx, carnelian, heliotrope, and jasper.

Citrine

Citrine is a variety of quartz whose color ranges from a pale yellow to brown. Natural citrines are rare; most commercial citrines are heat-treated amethysts or smoky quartzes. It is nearly impossible to tell cut citrine from yellow topaz visibly, but they differ in hardness. Citrine has ferric impurities, and is rarely found naturally. Brazil is the leading producer of citrine, with much of its production coming from the state of Rio Grande do Sul. The name is derived from Latin citrina which means "yellow" and is also the origin of the word "citron." Sometimes citrine and amethyst can be found together in the same crystal, which is then referred to as ametrine.

Citrine is one of three traditional birthstones for the month of November.

Rose quartz

Rose quartz is a type of quartz which exhibits a pale pink to rose red hue. The color is usually considered as due to trace amounts of titanium, iron, or manganese, in the massive material. Some rose quartz contains microscopic rutile needles which produces an asterism in transmitted light. Recent X-ray diffraction studies suggest that the color is due to thin microscopic fibers of possibly dumortierite within the massive quartz.

In crystal form (rarely found) it is called pink quartz and its color is thought to be caused by trace amounts of phosphate or aluminium. The color in crystals is apparently photosensitive and subject to fading. The first crystals were found in a pegmatite found near Rumford, Maine, USA, but most crystals on the market come from Minas Gerais, Brazil.

Rose quartz is not popular as a gem – it is generally too clouded by impurities to be suitable for that purpose. Rose quartz is more often carved into figures such as people or hearts. Hearts are commonly found because rose quartz is pink and an affordable mineral.

Amethyst

Amethyst is a form of quartz that ranges from a bright to dark or dull purple color.

Smoky quartz

Smoky quartz is a gray, translucent version of quartz. It ranges in clarity from almost complete transparency to a brownish-gray crystal that is almost opaque. Some can also be black.

Milky quartz

onyx engraved gem of Augustus]] Milky quartz may be the most common variety of crystalline quartz and can be found almost anywhere. The white color may be caused by minute fluid inclusions of gas, liquid, or both, trapped during the crystal formation. The cloudiness caused by the inclusions effectively bars its use in most optical and quality gemstone applications.

Varieties (according to microstructure)

Although many of the varietal names historically arose from the color of the mineral, current scientific naming schemes refer primarily to the microstructure of the mineral. Color is a secondary identifier for the cryptocrystalline minerals, although it is a primary identifier for the macrocrystalline varieties. This does not always hold true.

Synthetic and artificial treatments

, about 19 cm long and weighing about 127 grams]] Not all varieties of quartz are naturally occurring. Prasiolite, an olive colored material, is produced by heat treatment; natural prasiolite has also been observed in Lower Silesia in Poland. Although citrine occurs naturally, the majority is the result of heat-treated amethyst. Carnelian is widely heat-treated to deepen its color.

Due to natural quartz being so often twinned, much of the quartz used in industry is synthesized. Large, flawless and untwinned crystals are produced in an autoclave via the hydrothermal process; emeralds are also synthesized in this fashion. While these are still commonly referred to as quartz, the correct term for this material is silicon dioxide.

Occurrence

Quartz is an essential constituent of granite and other felsic igneous rocks. It is very common in sedimentary rocks such as sandstone and shale and is also present in variable amounts as an accessory mineral in most carbonate rocks. It is also a common constituent of schist, gneiss, quartzite and other metamorphic rocks. Because of its resistance to weathering it is very common in stream sediments and in residual soils. Quartz, therefore, occupies the lowest potential to weather in the Goldich dissolution series.

Quartz occurs in hydrothermal veins as gangue along with ore minerals. Large crystals of quartz are found in pegmatites. Well-formed crystals may reach several meters in length and weigh hundreds of kilograms.

Naturally occurring quartz crystals of extremely high purity, necessary for the crucibles and other equipment used for growing silicon wafers in the semiconductor industry, are expensive and rare. A major mining location for high purity quartz is the Spruce Pine Gem Mine in Spruce Pine, North Carolina, United States.

Related silica minerals

Tridymite and cristobalite are high-temperature polymorphs of SiO₂ that occur in high-silica volcanic rocks. Coesite is a denser polymorph of quartz found in some meteorite impact sites and in metamorphic rocks formed at pressures greater than those typical of the Earth's crust. Stishovite and Seifertite are yet denser and higher-pressure polymorphs of quartz found in some meteorite impact sites. Lechatelierite is an amorphous silica glass SiO₂ which is formed by lightning strikes in quartz sand.

History

carved rock crystal (clear quartz) vase, circa AD 1000]] The word "quartz" comes from the German , which is of Slavic origin (Czech miners called it křemen). Other sources attribute the word's origin to the Saxon word Querkluftertz, meaning cross-vein ore.

Quartz is the most common material identified as the mystical substance maban in Australian Aboriginal mythology. It is found regularly in passage tomb cemeteries in Europe in a burial context, such as Newgrange or Carrowmore in the Republic of Ireland. The Irish word for quartz is grian cloch, which means 'stone of the sun'. Quartz was also used in Prehistoric Ireland, as well as many other countries, for stone tools; both vein quartz and rock crystal were knapped as part of the lithic technology of the prehistoric peoples.

While jade has been since earliest times the most prized semi-precious stone for carving in East Asia and Pre-Columbian America, in Europe and the Middle East the different varieties of quartz were the most commonly used for the various types of jewelry and hardstone carving, including engraved gems and cameo gems, rock crystal vases, and extravagant vessels. The tradition continued to produce objects that were very highly valued until the mid-19th century, when it largely fell from fashion except in jewelry. Cameo technique exploits the bands of color in onyx and other varieties.

Roman naturalist Pliny the Elder believed quartz to be water ice, permanently frozen after great lengths of time. (The word "crystal" comes from the Greek word κρύσταλλος, "ice".) He supported this idea by saying that quartz is found near glaciers in the Alps, but not on volcanic mountains, and that large quartz crystals were fashioned into spheres to cool the hands. He also knew of the ability of quartz to split light into a spectrum. This idea persisted until at least the 17th century.

In the 17th century, Nicolas Steno's study of quartz paved the way for modern crystallography. He discovered that no matter how distorted a quartz crystal, the long prism faces always made a perfect 60° angle.

Charles B. Sawyer invented the commercial quartz crystal manufacturing process in Cleveland, Ohio, United States. This initiated the transition from mined and cut quartz for electrical appliances to manufactured quartz.

Quartz's piezoelectric properties were discovered by Jacques and Pierre Curie in 1880. The quartz oscillator or resonator was first developed by Walter Guyton Cady in 1921. George Washington Pierce designed and patented quartz crystal oscillators in 1923. Warren Marrison created the first quartz oscillator clock based on the work of Cady and Pierce in 1927.

Piezoelectricity

Quartz crystals have piezoelectric properties; they develop an electric potential upon the application of mechanical stress. An early use of this property of quartz crystals was in phonograph pickups. One of the most common piezoelectric uses of quartz today is as a crystal oscillator. The quartz clock is a familiar device using the mineral. The resonant frequency of a quartz crystal oscillator is changed by mechanically loading it, and this principle is used for very accurate measurements of very small mass changes in the quartz crystal microbalance and in thin-film thickness monitors.

Gallery of quartz mineral specimens from around the world

See also

Fused quartz

List of minerals

Shocked quartz

Quartz reef mining

Notes

External links

Quartz varieties, properties, crystal morphology. Photos and illustrations

Arkansas quartz, Rockhounding Arkansas

Gilbert Hart Nomenclature of Silica, American Mineralogist, Volume 12, pages 383–395, 1927

Queensland University of Technology Origin of the word quartz.

PDF of Charles Sawyer's cultured quartz process description

Terminology used to describe the characteristics of Quartz Crystals when used as oscillators

Category:Quartz varieties Category:Piezoelectric materials Category:Dielectrics Category:German loanwords Category:Symbols of Georgia (U.S. state) Category:Trigonal minerals

Name	Hans Zimmer
Landscape	yes
Background	non_performing_personnel
Birth name	Hans Florian Zimmer
Born	September 12, 1957
Origin	Frankfurt, Germany
Instrument	Piano, keyboard, guitar
Genre	Film score
Occupation	Film composer
Years active	1977–present
Label	Remote Control Productions
Url	http://www.hans-zimmer.com

Hans Florian Zimmer (born September 12, 1957) is a German film score composer and music producer. For nearly three decades he has composed music for over 100 films including some critically acclaimed film scores, such as The Lion King, Gladiator, and The Dark Knight. Some of his recent works are Frost/Nixon (2008), Angels & Demons (2009), Sherlock Holmes (2009), Inception (2010), and Megamind (2010).

Zimmer spent the early part of his career in the United Kingdom before moving to the United States. He is the head of the film music division at DreamWorks studios, and works with other composers through the company which he founded, Remote Control Productions.

His works are notable for integrating electronic music sounds with traditional orchestral arrangements. He has received four Grammy Awards, two Golden Globes, a Classical BRIT Award, and an Academy Award. Zimmer is also ranked Number 72 on the list of the "Top 100 living geniuses", published by The Daily Telegraph.

Early life and career

Zimmer was born in Frankfurt am Main, Germany, and moved to London as a teenager, where he attended Hurtwood House school. In an interview with the German television station ZDF in 2006, he commented: "My father died when I was just a child, and I escaped somehow into the music and music has been my best friend." Zimmer began his career playing keyboards and synthesizers. He worked with The Buggles, a New Wave band formed in 1977 with Trevor Horn, Geoff Downes, and Bruce Woolley. Zimmer can be seen briefly in The Buggles' music video for the 1979 song "Video Killed the Radio Star". After working with The Buggles, he started to work for the Italian group Krisma, a New Wave band formed in 1976 with Maurizio Arcieri and Christina Moser. He was a featured synthesist for Krisma’s third album, Cathode Mamma. He has also worked with the band Helden (with Warren Cann from Ultravox). In the 1980s, Zimmer partnered with Stanley Myers, a prolific film composer who wrote the scores for over sixty films. Zimmer and Myers co–founded the London–based Lillie Yard recording studio. Together, Myers and Zimmer worked on fusing the traditional orchestral sound with electronic instruments. Some of the films on which Zimmer and Myers worked are Moonlighting (1982), Success is the Best Revenge (1984), Insignificance (1985), and My Beautiful Launderette (1985). Zimmer's first solo score was Terminal Exposure for director Nico Mastorakis in 1987, for which he also wrote the songs. Zimmer acted as score producer for the 1988 film The Last Emperor, which won the Academy Award for Best Original Score.

Hollywood film scoring

A turning point in Zimmer's career occurred with the 1988 film Rain Man. In the score, Zimmer uses synthesizers (mostly a Fairlight CMI) mixed with steel drums. Zimmer explained that "It was a road movie, and road movies usually have jangly guitars or a bunch of strings. I kept thinking don't be bigger than the characters. Try to keep it contained. The Raymond character doesn't actually know where he is. The world is so different to him. He might as well be on Mars. So, why don't we just invent our own world music for a world that doesn't really exist?". Zimmer’s score for Rain Man was nominated for an Academy Award in 1989, and the film won four Academy Awards including Best Picture.

A year after Rain Man, Zimmer was asked to compose the score for Bruce Beresford's Driving Miss Daisy which, like Rain Man, won an Academy Award for Best Picture. Driving Miss Daisy’s instrumentation consisted entirely of synthesizers and samplers, played by Zimmer. According to an interview with Sound On Sound magazine in 2002, the piano sounds heard within the score come from the Roland MKS–20, a rackmount synthesizer. Zimmer joked: "It didn't sound anything like a piano, but it behaved like a piano."

1991's Thelma & Louise soundtrack by Zimmer featured the trademark slide guitar performance by Pete Haycock on the "Thunderbird" theme in the film. As a teenager, Zimmer was a fan of Haycock, and their collaboration on film scores includes K2 and Drop Zone.

For the 1992 film The Power of One, Zimmer traveled to Africa in order to use African choirs and drums in the recording of the score. On the strength of this work, Disney Animation Studios approached Zimmer to compose the score for the 1994 film The Lion King. This was to be his first score for an animated film. Zimmer said that he had wanted to go to South Africa to record parts of the soundtrack, but was unable to visit the country as he had a police record there "for doing 'subversive' movies" after his work on The Power of One. Disney studio bosses expressed fears that Zimmer would be killed if he went to South Africa, so the recording of the choirs was organized during a visit by Lebo M. Zimmer won numerous awards for his work on The Lion King, including an Academy Award for Best Music (Original Score), a Golden Globe, and two Grammys. In 1997, the score was adapted into a Broadway musical version which won the Tony Award for Best Musical in 1998.

Zimmer's score for Crimson Tide (1995) won a Grammy Award for the main theme, which makes heavy use of synthesizers in place of traditional orchestral instruments. For The Thin Red Line (1998), Zimmer said that the director Terrence Malick wanted the music before he started filming, so he recorded six and a half hours of music. Bruckheimer wanted Zimmer to rescore the film, but due to his commitments on The Last Samurai, the task of composing and supervising music for Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl was given to Klaus Badelt, one of Zimmer's colleagues at Media Ventures. Zimmer provided some themes that were used in the film, although he is not credited on screen. Zimmer was hired as the composer for the two subsequent films in the series, Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Man’s Chest (2006) and (2007).

Zimmer is also noted for his work on the scores of Christopher Nolan's Batman Begins (2005) and The Dark Knight (2008), on which he collaborated with James Newton Howard. Zimmer succeeded in reversing the decision not to nominate The Dark Knight in December 2008, arguing that the process of creating a modern film score was collaborative, and that it was important to credit a range of people who had played a part in its production. Zimmer explained his approach to scoring with other musicians in an interview with Soundtrack.net in 2006:

"Originally I had this idea that it should be possible to create some kind of community around this kind of work, and I think by muddying the titles - not having "you are the composer, you are the arranger, you are the orchestrator" - it just sort of helped us to work more collaboratively. It wasn't that important to me that I had "score by Hans Zimmer" and took sole credit on these things. It's like Gladiator: I gave Lisa Gerrard the co-credit because, even though she didn't write the main theme, her presence and contributions were very influential. She was more than just a soloist, and this is why I have such a problem with specific credits."

Zimmer works with other composers through his company Remote Control Productions, formerly known as Media Ventures. His studio in Santa Monica, California has an extensive range of computer equipment and keyboards, allowing demo versions of film scores to be created quickly. His colleagues at the studio have included Steve Jablonsky, James Dooley, Geoff Zanelli, Henning Lohner, Harry Gregson-Williams, Mark Mancina, John Van Tongeren, John Powell and Thomas J.Bergersen.

In October 2000, Zimmer performed live in concert for the first time with an orchestra and choir at the 27th Annual Flanders International Film Festival in Ghent. He has received a range of honors and awards, including the Lifetime Achievement Award in film Composition from the National Board of Review, the Frederick Loewe Award in 2003 at the Palm Springs International Film Festival, ASCAP’s Henry Mancini Award for Lifetime Achievement, and BMI's Richard Kirk Award for lifetime achievement in 1996. Recent work includes the Spanish language film Casi Divas Sherlock Holmes and The Burning Plain (2009). He composed the theme for the television boxing series The Contender, and worked with Lorne Balfe on the music for , which was his first video game project.

In December 2010, Zimmer received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. He dedicated the award to his publicist and long term friend Ronni Chasen, who was shot dead in Beverly Hills the previous month.

Zimmer lives in Los Angeles with his wife Suzanne, and has four children.

Discography

Composer

{| style="width:100%;" |- style="vertical-align:top;" | style="width:50%;"| 1982

Moonlighting (with Stanley Myers)

1984

(with Stanley Myers)

Eureka (with Stanley Myers)

Success Is the Best Revenge (with Stanley Myers)

1985

My Beautiful Laundrette (with Stanley Myers)

Insignificance (with Stanley Myers)

1986

Separate Vacations (with Stanley Myers)

The Lightship (with Stanley Myers)

Castaway (with Stanley Myers)

1987

Terminal Exposure (with Stanley Myers)

Going for Gold (TV) - Opening and closing title themes

1988

Burning Secret

Rain Man (Oscar Nomination)

Paperhouse (with Stanley Myers)

Nightmare at Noon (with Stanley Myers)

Maniac City (with Stanley Myers)

A World Apart

First Born (TV Movie)

Taffin (with Stanley Myers)

The Nature of the Beast (with Stanley Myers)

Spies Inc. (with Fiachra Trench)

The Fruit Machine

1989

Black Rain

Driving Miss Daisy

Twister

Diamond Skulls

New Music in Films

1990

Chicago Joe and the Showgirl (with Shirley Walker)

Green Card

Pacific Heights

Fools of Fortune

Days of Thunder

Bird on a Wire

Dark Obsession (with Stanley Myers)

1991

Thelma & Louise

Regarding Henry

Backdraft

K2

White Fang (with Basil Poledouris)

1992

Toys

Radio Flyer

Where Sleeping Dogs Lie (with Mark Mancina)

A League Of Their Own

The Power of One

(with Mark Mancina) - Main Theme

1993

Younger and Younger

The House of the Spirits

True Romance (theme based on Gassenhauer by Carl Orff)

Point of No Return

Calendar Girl

Cool Runnings (with Nick Glennie-Smith)

1994

Drop Zone

Renaissance Man

I'll Do Anything

The Lion King (Golden Globe & Oscar Winner)

The Critic

1995

Nine Months

Beyond Rangoon

Crimson Tide (Grammy Winner)

Two Deaths

Something to Talk About (with Graham Preskett)

1996

The Preacher's Wife (Oscar Nomination)

The Fan

Muppet Treasure Island

The Whole Wide World (with Harry Gregson-Williams)

The Rock (with Nick Glennie-Smith and Harry Gregson-Williams)

Broken Arrow

| style="width:50%;"| 1997

As Good As It Gets (Oscar Nomination)

The Peacemaker

Smilla's Sense of Snow (with Harry Gregson-Williams)

1998

The Thin Red Line (Oscar Nomination)

The Prince of Egypt (Golden Globe & Oscar Nomination)

The Last Days

1999

Chill Factor (with John Powell)

2000

An Everlasting Piece

Gladiator (with Lisa Gerrard) (Golden Globe Winner, Oscar Nomination)

The Road to El Dorado (with John Powell)

2001

Black Hawk Down

Riding in Cars with Boys

Pearl Harbor (Golden Globe Nomination)

Hannibal

Invincible (with Klaus Badelt)

The Pledge (with Klaus Badelt)

2002

The Ring

(Golden Globe Nomination)

2003

The Last Samurai (Golden Globe Nomination)

Something's Gotta Give (Last-minute replacement score, composed with several other composers)

(uncredited, with Klaus Badelt et al.)

Matchstick Men

Tears of the Sun

''Johnny English (theme song co-written with Robbie Williams)

2004

Spanglish (Golden Globe Nomination)

Laura's Star (with Nick Glennie-Smith)

Shark Tale

King Arthur

Thunderbirds

2005

The Weather Man (with James S. Levine)

Der kleine Eisbär 2 - Die geheimnisvolle Insel (with Nick Glennie-Smith)

Madagascar (with Heitor Pereira, James Dooley)

Batman Begins (with James Newton Howard)

2006

The Da Vinci Code (Golden Globe Nomination)

The Holiday

2007

The Simpsons Movie

2008

Casi Divas

The Dark Knight (with James Newton Howard) (Grammy Winner)

Kung Fu Panda (with John Powell)

The Burning Plain (with Omar Rodríguez-López)

Frost/Nixon (Golden Globe Nomination)

2009

Angels & Demons

Sherlock Holmes (Oscar Nomination)

It's Complicated (with Heitor Pereira)

Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2 (Video Game) (Main Themes - Score Producer)

2010

The Pacific (Main theme only; score composed by Geoff Zanelli and Blake Neely)

Despicable Me

Inception

Megamind (with Lorne Balfe)

How Do You Know

2011

Rango

Kung Fu Panda 2 (with John Powell)

Winnie the Pooh (with Henry Jackman)

Jealous of the Birds (Documentary)

The Dilemma

Ra.One (First Bollywood project)

Sherlock Holmes 2

2012

The Dark Knight Rises (with James Newton Howard)

|}

Executive score producer

{| style="width:100%;" |- style="vertical-align:top;" | style="width:50%;"| 1987

The Last Emperor (Music by Cong Su, Ryuichi Sakamoto and David Byrne)

1996

Twister (Music by Mark Mancina)

White Squall (Music by Jeff Rona)

1997

Face/Off (Music by John Powell)

The Borrowers (Music by Harry Gregson-Williams)

1998

Antz (Music by Harry Gregson-Williams and John Powell)

Endurance (Music by John Powell)

With Friends Like These... (Music by John Powell)

2002

Live from Baghdad (Music by Steve Jablonsky)

2001

I Am Sam (Music by John Powell)

2003

(Music by Klaus Badelt)

2004

Ella Enchanted (Music by Nick Glennie-Smith)

House of D (Music by Geoff Zanelli)

2005

All the Invisible Children (Music by Ramin Djawadi)

Blood+ (Music by Mark Mancina)

The Island (Music by Steve Jablonsky)

Wallace and Gromit: The Curse of the Were-Rabbit (Music by Julian Nott)

| style="width:50%;"| 2006

Ask The Dust (Music by Heitor Pereira and Ramin Djawadi)

Curious George (Music by Heitor Pereira)

Over the Hedge (Music by Rupert Gregson-Williams)

The Prestige (Music by David Julyan)

Urmel Aus Dem Eis (Music by James Dooley)

2007

August Rush (Music by Mark Mancina)

Bee Movie (Music by Rupert Gregson-Williams)

Transformers (Music by Steve Jablonsky)

2008

Vantage Point (Music by Atli Örvarsson)

Babylon A.D. (Music by Atli Örvarsson)

Running the Sahara (Music by Heitor Pereira)

Iron Man (Music by Ramin Djawadi)

2009

Monsters vs. Aliens (Music by Henry Jackman)

The 4th Kind (Music by Atli Örvarsson)

(Music by Steve Jablonsky)

Sherlock Holmes

2010

Season of the Witch (Music by Atli Örvarsson)

(Music by Harry Gregson-Williams)

A Nightmare on Elm Street (Music by Steve Jablonsky)

Clash of the Titans (Music by Ramin Djawadi)

2011

(Music by Steve Jablonsky)

The Eagle (Music by Atli Örvarsson)

Ironclad (Music by Lorne Balfe)

|}

Awards

Nominations are listed below. Nominations won are listed in bold. {| style="width:100%;" |- style="vertical-align:top;" | style="width:50%;"|

Academy Awards

1989: Rain Man

1994: The Lion King

1997: The Preacher's Wife

1998: As Good As It Gets

1999: The Prince of Egypt

1999: The Thin Red Line

2001: Gladiator

2010: Sherlock Holmes

| style="width:50%;"|

Golden Globe Awards

1995: ''The Lion King

1999: The Prince of Egypt

2001: Gladiator

2002: Pearl Harbor

2003: (Best Original Song)

2004: The Last Samurai

2005: Spanglish

2007: The Da Vinci Code

2009: Frost/Nixon

2011: Inception

|} {| style="width:100%;" |- style="vertical-align:top;" | style="width:50%;"|

Grammy Awards

1991: Driving Miss Daisy

1994: The Lion King (Best Instrumental Arrangement With Accompanying Vocals)

1994: The Lion King (Best Musical Album For Children)

1996: Crimson Tide

2001: Gladiator (Shared with Lisa Gerrard)

2007:

2007: The Da Vinci Code

2009: The Dark Knight (Shared with James Newton Howard)

| style="width:50%;"|

BAFTAS

1992: Thelma & Louise

1995: The Lion King

2001: Gladiator (Shared with Lisa Gerrard)

2009: The Dark Knight (Shared with James Newton Howard)

|} {| style="width:100%;" |- style="vertical-align:top;" | style="width:50%;"|

Saturn Awards

1993: Toys - Shared with Trevor Horn

1996: Crimson Tide

1997: The Rock (Shared with Harry Gregson-Williams and Nick Glennie-Smith)

1999: The Prince of Egypt

2001: The Road to El Dorado (Shared with John Powell)

2001: Gladiator (Shared with Lisa Gerrard)

2006: Batman Begins (Shared with James Newton Howard)

2009: The Dark Knight (Shared with James Newton Howard)

2010: Sherlock Holmes

| style="width:50%;"|

Satellite Awards

1999: The Thin Red Line

2001: Gladiator

2002: Hannibal

2004: The Last Samurai

2007: The Da Vinci Code

2011: Inception

|} {| style="width:100%;" |- style="vertical-align:top;" | style="width:50%;"|

Emmys

2010: The Pacific (Outstanding Music Composition For A Miniseries, Movie Or A Special) | style="width:50%;"|

Tonys

1998: The Lion King (musical) (Best Original Score)

|} {| style="width:100%;" |- style="vertical-align:top;" | style="width:50%;"|

Annies

2008: Kung Fu Panda (Music in an Animated Feature Production)

2008: Secrets of the Furious Five (Music in an Animated Television Production or Short Form )

| style="width:50%;"|

Classical BRIT Awards

2001: Gladiator (Album of the Year) (Shared with Lisa Gerrard)

2008: The Dark Knight (Shared with James Newton Howard)

|}

References

External links

Interview with Hans Zimmer in Film Score Monthly

Interview with Hans Zimmer about Sherlock Holmes from C Music TV

Focus.De

Category:Best Original Music Score Academy Award winners Category:Grammy Award winners Category:German film score composers Category:German composers Category:People from Frankfurt Category:1957 births Category:Living people *1