The
Jewish uprising against the
Romans at
Masada - Top
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Masada (
Hebrew מצדה, pronounced About this sound
Metzada is an ancient fortification in the
Southern District of Israel, on top of an isolated rock plateau (akin to a mesa) on the eastern edge of the
Judaean Desert, overlooking the
Dead Sea.
Herod the Great built palaces for himself on the mountain and fortified Masada between 37 and 31
BCE.
The Siege of Masada by troops of the
Roman Empire towards the end of the
First Jewish--Roman War ended in the mass suicide of the 960 Jewish rebels and their families holed up there. Masada is located
20 kilometres (12 mi) east of
Arad.
Masada is
Israel's most popular paid tourist attraction.
The siege of Masada was among the final accords of the
Great Jewish Revolt, occurring from 73 to 74 AD on a large hilltop in current-day Israel. The long siege by the troops of the Roman Empire led to the mass suicide of the Sicarii rebels and resident Jewish families of the Masada fortress. The siege was chronicled by
Flavius Josephus, (who did not witness the event), a Jewish rebel leader captured by the Romans, in whose service he became a historian. Masada has become a controversial event in
Jewish history, on the one hand becoming a place of reverence, a site commemorating fallen ancestors and their heroic struggle against oppression, and on the other a stark warning against radicalism.
Legacy
The siege of Masada is often revered in modern Israel as "a
symbol of Jewish heroism". According to
Klara Palotai, "Masada became a symbol for a heroic 'last stand' for the
State of Israel and played a major role for Israel in forging national identity". To
Israel, it symbolized the courage of the warriors of Masada, the strength they showed when they were able to hold of Masada for almost three years, and their choice of death over slavery in their struggle against an aggressive empire. Masada had become "the performance space of national heritage", the site of military ceremonies
. Palotai states how Masada "developed a special 'love affair' with archeology" because the site had drawn people from all around the world to help locate the remnants of the fortress and the battle that occurred there.
Others, however, see it as a case of Jewish radicals refusing to compromise, resorting instead to suicide and the murder of their families, both prohibited by
Rabbinic Judaism. Researchers are questioning the findings of
Yigael Yadin, the
Israeli archaeologist who first excavated Masada. Masada was once a place of celebration for
Israelis, but now "Israelis [have] become less comfortable with glorifying mass suicide and identifying with religious fanatics", Other archaeologists have reviewed Yadin's findings and have found some discrepancies. During Yadin's excavations, he found three bodies that he claimed were Jewish Zealots. Anthropologist
Joe Zias and forensic expert
Azriel Gorski claim that the bodies were actually three Romans taken hostage by the Jewish Zealots. If this is true, "Israel might have mistakenly bestowed the honour [of recognition as Jewish heroes and a state burial] on three Romans". There is also some discussion of Masada's defenders, and whether they were "the heroic hard core of the great
Jewish revolt against
Rome, or a gang of killers who became victims of a last
Roman mopping-up operation"more info visit:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Masada
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- published: 11 Apr 2015
- views: 14364