March 20 is the 79th day of the year (80th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 286 days remaining until the end of the year. Typically the March equinox falls on this date, marking the vernal point in the Northern Hemisphere and the autumnal point in the Southern Hemisphere, when both day and night are of equal length.

Events[link]

• 235 – Maximinus Thrax is proclaimed emperor. He is the first foreigner to hold the Roman throne.
• 1208 – Michael IV Autoreianos is appointed Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople.
• 1600 – The Linköping Bloodbath takes place on Maundy Thursday in Linköping, Sweden.
• 1602 – The Dutch East India Company is established.
• 1616 – Sir Walter Raleigh is freed from the Tower of London after 13 years of imprisonment.
• 1760 – The "Great Fire" of Boston, Massachusetts, destroys 349 buildings.
• 1815 – After escaping from Elba, Napoleon enters Paris with a regular army of 140,000 and a volunteer force of around 200,000, beginning his "Hundred Days" rule.
• 1848 – Revolutions of 1848 in the German states: King Ludwig I of Bavaria abdicates.
• 1852 – Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin is published.
• 1861 – An earthquake completely destroys Mendoza, Argentina.
• 1883 – The Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property is signed.
• 1888 – The premiere of the very first Romani language operetta is staged in Moscow, Russia.
• 1913 – Sung Chiao-jen, a founder of the Chinese Nationalist Party, is wounded in an assassination attempt and dies 2 days later.
• 1914 – In New Haven, Connecticut, the first international figure skating championship takes place.
• 1916 – Albert Einstein publishes his general theory of relativity.
• 1922 – The USS Langley (CV-1) is commissioned as the first United States Navy aircraft carrier.
• 1923 – The Arts Club of Chicago hosts the opening of Pablo Picasso's first United States showing, entitled Original Drawings by Pablo Picasso, becoming an early proponent of modern art in the United States.
• 1933 – Giuseppe Zangara is executed in Florida's electric chair for fatally shooting Anton Cermak in an assassination attempt against President-Elect Franklin D. Roosevelt.
• 1942 – World War II: General Douglas MacArthur, at Terowie, South Australia, makes his famous speech regarding the fall of the Philippines, in which he says: "I came out of Bataan and I shall return".
• 1948 – With a Musicians Union ban lifted, the first telecasts of classical music in the United States, under Eugene Ormandy and Arturo Toscanini, are given on CBS and NBC.
• 1951 – Fujiyoshida, a city located in Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan, in the center of the Japanese main island of Honshū is founded.
• 1952 – The United States Senate ratifies a peace treaty with Japan.
• 1956 – Tunisia gains independence from France.
• 1964 – The precursor of the European Space Agency, ESRO (European Space Research Organization) is established per an agreement signed on June 14, 1962.
• 1972 – The Troubles: A Provisional IRA car bomb kills seven and injures 148 in Belfast, Northern Ireland. It was the first of many car bomb attacks by the group.
• 1974 – Ian Ball attempts, but fails, to kidnap Her Royal Highness Princess Anne and her husband Captain Mark Phillips in The Mall, outside Buckingham Palace, London.
• 1980 – The Radio Caroline ship, Mi Amigo founders in a gale off the English coast.
• 1985 – Libby Riddles becomes the first woman to win the 1,135-mile Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race.
• 1985 – Canadian paraplegic athlete and humanitarian Rick Hansen begins his circumnavigation of the globe in a wheelchair in the name of spinal cord injury medical research.
• 1987 – The Food and Drug Administration approves the anti-AIDS drug, AZT.
• 1988 – Eritrean War of Independence: Having defeated the Nadew Command, the Eritrean People's Liberation Front enters the town of Afabet, victoriously concluding the Battle of Afabet.
• 1990 – Ferdinand Marcos's widow, Imelda Marcos, goes on trial for bribery, embezzlement, and racketeering.
• 1993 – The Troubles: A Provisional IRA bomb kills two children in Warrington, England. It leads to mass protests in both Britain and Ireland.
• 1995 – A sarin gas attack on the Tokyo subway kills 12 and wounds 1,300 persons.
• 1999 – Legoland California, the only Legoland outside of Europe, opens in Carlsbad, California.
• 2000 – Jamil Abdullah Al-Amin, a former Black Panther once known as H. Rap Brown, is captured after murdering Georgia sheriff's deputy Ricky Kinchen and critically wounding Deputy Aldranon English.
• 2003 – 2003 invasion of Iraq: In the early hours of the morning, the United States and three other countries begin military operations in Iraq.
• 2006 – Over 150 Chadian soldiers are killed in eastern Chad by members of the rebel UFDC. The rebel movement sought to overthrow Chadian president Idriss Deby.

Births[link]

• 43 BC – Ovid, Roman poet (d. 17 AD)
• 1469 – Princess Cecily of York (d. 1507)
• 1477 – Jerome Emser, German theologian (d. 1527)
• 1502 – Pierino Belli, Italian soldier and jurist (d. 1575)
• 1639 – Ivan Mazepa, Hetman of Ukraine (d. 1709)
• 1725 – Abdul Hamid I, Ottoman Sultan (d. 1789)
• 1735 – Torbern Bergman, Swedish chemist (d. 1784)
• 1736 – Buddha Yodfa Chulaloke, King of Thailand (d. 1809)
• 1741 – Jean-Antoine Houdon, French sculptor (d. 1828)
• 1770 – Friedrich Hölderlin, German writer (d. 1843)
• 1799 – Karl August Nicander, Swedish poet (d. 1839)
• 1800 – Braulio Carrillo Colina, Costa Rican Head of State (d. 1845)
• 1811 – George Caleb Bingham, American artist (d. 1879)
• 1811 – Napoleon II, Emperor of the French and King of Rome (d. 1832)
• 1821 – Ned Buntline (E.Z.C. Judson), American publisher (d. 1886)
• 1828 – Henrik Ibsen, Norwegian writer (d. 1906)
• 1831 – Solomon L. Spink, American politician U.S. Congressman (d. 1881)
• 1834 – Charles William Eliot, President of Harvard University (d. 1926)
• 1836 – Ferris Jacobs, Jr., American politician (d. 1886)
• 1836 – Sir Edward Poynter, British painter (d. 1919)
• 1840 – Illarion Pryanishnikov, Russian painter (d. 1894)
• 1856 – Sir John Lavery, Irish artist (d. 1941)
• 1856 – Frederick Winslow Taylor, American engineer and efficiency expert (d. 1915)
• 1870 – Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck, German general (d. 1964)
• 1874 – Börries von Münchhausen, German poet (d. 1945)
• 1876 – Payne Whitney, American businessman (d. 1927)
• 1879 – Maud Menten, Canadian biochemist (d. 1960)
• 1882 – René Coty, French President (d. 1962)
• 1886 – Grace Brown, American murder victim (d. 1906)
• 1890 – Beniamino Gigli, Italian tenor (d. 1957)
• 1890 – Lauritz Melchior, Danish tenor (d. 1973)
• 1895 – Fredric Wertham, German-born psychologist (d. 1981)
• 1903 – Edgar Buchanan, American actor (d. 1979)
• 1904 – B. F. Skinner, American psychologist (d. 1990)
• 1905 – Jean Galia, French rugby footballer (d. 1949)
• 1906 – Abraham Beame, American politician (d. 2001)
• 1906 – Nickolaus "Mickey" Hirschl, Austrian wrestler (d. 1991)
• 1906 – Ozzie Nelson, American bandleader and actor (d. 1975)
• 1907 – Hugh MacLennan, Canadian author and professor (d. 1990)
• 1907 – Ruby Muhammad, American matriarch of Black Islam (d. 2011)
• 1908 – Sir Michael Redgrave, English actor (d. 1985)
• 1911 – Alfonso García Robles, Mexican diplomat and Nobel laureate (d. 1991)
• 1914 – Wendell Corey, American actor (d. 1968)
• 1915 – Rudolf Kirchschläger, Austrian politician, 8th President of Austria (d. 2000)
• 1915 – Sviatoslav Richter, Soviet pianist (d. 1997)
• 1915 – Sister Rosetta Tharpe, American singer (d. 1973)
• 1916 – Pierre Messmer, French politician, Prime Minister (d. 2007)
• 1917 – Dame Vera Lynn, English actress and singer
• 1918 – Jack Barry, American TV host (d. 1984)
• 1918 – Donald Featherstone, British writer and wargamer
• 1918 – Marian McPartland, British jazz pianist
• 1920 – Pamela Harriman, British-American diplomat (d. 1997)
• 1921 – Dušan Pirjevec, Slovenian resistance fighter, philosopher and literary historian (d. 1977)
• 1922 – Larry Elgart, American saxophonist and bandleader
• 1922 – Ray Goulding, American comedian (d. 1990)
• 1922 – Carl Reiner, American film director
• 1923 – Shaukat Siddiqui, Pakistani author, journalist and political activist (d. 2006)
• 1924 – Jozef Kroner, Slovak actor (d. 1998)
• 1925 – John Ehrlichman, American political figure (d. 1999)
• 1927 – John Joubert, South African-born British composer
• 1928 – Fred Rogers, American TV host (d. 2003)
• 1929 – Germán Robles, Spanish actor
• 1931 – Hal Linden, American actor
• 1933 – George Altman, American baseball player
• 1933 – Alexander Gorodnitsky, Russian geologist and poet
• 1933 – Renato Salvatori, Italian actor (d. 1988)
• 1934 – Willie Brown, American politician
• 1934 – David Malouf, Australian author
• 1935 – Ted Bessell, American actor (d. 1996)
• 1936 – Lee "Scratch" Perry, Jamaican reggae artist
• 1936 – Vaughn Meader, American comedian (d. 2004)
• 1937 – Lois Lowry, American author
• 1937 – Jerry Reed, American singer and actor (d. 2008)
• 1938 – Sergei Novikov, Russian Mathematician
• 1939 – Don Edwards, American singer and guitarist
• 1939 – Brian Mulroney, Canadian politician 18th Prime Minister of Canada
• 1940 – Stathis Chaitas, Greek fooballer
• 1941 – Pat Corrales, American baseball player
• 1941 – Kenji Kimihara, Japanese long-distance runner
• 1942 – Robin Luke, American singer
• 1943 – Gerard Malanga, American poet and photographer
• 1943 – Naima Neidre, Estonian graphic artist
• 1943 – Paul Junger Witt, American TV producer
• 1945 – Henry Bartholomay, American fighter pilot
• 1945 – Jay Ingram, Canadian television host and author
• 1945 – Pat Riley, American basketball player and coach
• 1946 – Douglas B. Green (Ranger Doug), American musician and songwriter
• 1947 – John Boswell, American historian (d. 1994)
• 1948 – John de Lancie, American actor
• 1948 – Marva Wright, American blues singer (d. 2010)
• 1948 – Bobby Orr, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1949 – Marcia Ball, American singer and pianist
• 1950 – William Hurt, American actor
• 1950 – Carl Palmer, English drummer (Emerson, Lake & Palmer, Asia, and Atomic Rooster)
• 1951 – Curt Smith, American author and media host
• 1951 – Jimmie Vaughan, American guitarist (The Fabulous Thunderbirds)
• 1952 – Geoff Brabham, Australian racing driver
• 1954 – Mike Francesa, American talk show host
• 1954 – Liana Kanelli, Greek journalist and politician
• 1954 – Paul Mirabella, American baseball player
• 1954 – Louis Sachar, American author
• 1956 – Catherine Ashton, British politician
• 1956 – Anne Donahue, American politician
• 1957 – Vanessa Bell Calloway, American actress
• 1957 – David Foster, Australian world champion woodchopper
• 1957 – Spike Lee, American film director
• 1957 – Theresa Russell, American actress
• 1957 – Chris Wedge, American animator
• 1958 – Holly Hunter, American actress
• 1958 – Rickey Jackson, American football player
• 1959 – Dave Beasant, English football goalkeeper
• 1959 – Steve McFadden, British actor
• 1959 – Sting (Steve Borden), American wrestler
• 1960 – Norm Magnusson, American artist
• 1960 – Norbert Pohlmann, German computer scientist
• 1961 – Ingrid Arndt-Brauer, German politician
• 1961 – Jesper Olsen, Danish footballer
• 1962 – Stephen Sommers, American director and screenwriter
• 1963 – Paul Annacone, American tennis player
• 1963 – Anouk Grinberg, French actress
• 1963 – Yelena Romanova, Russian athlete (d. 2007)
• 1963 – David Thewlis, British actor
• 1963 – Kathy Ireland, American model and actress
• 1964 – Natacha Atlas, Belgian singer (Transglobal Underground)
• 1965 – William Dalrymple, Scottish writer and historian
• 1965 – Adrian Oxaal, American-born English musician (James)
• 1966 – Alka Yagnik, Indian singer
• 1967 – Xavier Beauvois, French actor, director and screenwriter
• 1967 – Daron Oshay "Mookie" Blaylock, American basketball player
• 1968 – A. J. Jacobs, American journalist and author
• 1968 – Paul Merson, English footballer
• 1968 – Liza Snyder, American actress
• 1969 – Caroline Brunet, Canadian sprint kayaker
• 1969 – Mannie Fresh (Byron O. Thomas), American rapper and producer (Big Tymers)
• 1969 – Jean Labonté, Canadian sledge hockey player
• 1970 – Michele Jaffe, American novelist
• 1970 – Michael Rapaport, American actor
• 1971 – Manny Alexander, Dominican baseball player
• 1971 – Alexander Chaplin, American actor
• 1971 – Ingrid Kavelaars, Canadian actress
• 1971 – Touré Neblett, American writer and television personality
• 1972 – Alexander Kapranos, Greek-British musician (Franz Ferdinand, The Yummy Fur, and The Karelia)
• 1972 – Marco Sejna, German footballer
• 1973 – Jane March, English actress
• 1973 – Jung Woo-sung, South Korean actor
• 1973 – Cedric Yarbrough, American actor
• 1974 – Paula Garcés, Colombian actress
• 1974 – Andrzej Pilipiuk, Polish writer
• 1976 – Chester Bennington, American musician (Linkin Park and Dead by Sunrise)
• 1979 – Silvia Abascal, Spanish actress
• 1979 – Freema Agyeman, British actress
• 1979 – Molly Jenson, American singer and songwriter
• 1979 – Bianca Lawson, American actress
• 1979 – Keven Mealamu, New Zealand rugby player
• 1979 – Bernard O'Connor, Gaelic Footballer
• 1979 – Fiona Wade, British actress
• 1980 – Jamal Crawford, American basketball player
• 1980 – Ock Ju-Hyun, South Korean singer (Fin.K.L)
• 1981 – Ian Murray, Scottish football player
• 1982 – Terrence Duffin, Zimbabwean cricketer
• 1982 – Tomasz Kuszczak, Polish footballer
• 1982 – José Moreira, Portuguese footballer
• 1984 – Valtteri Filppula, Finnish ice hockey player
• 1984 – Markus Niemelä, Finnish racing driver
• 1984 – Christy Carlson Romano, American actress
• 1984 – Fernando Torres, Spanish footballer
• 1984 – Marcus Vick, American football player
• 1984 – Winta (Winta Efrem Negassi), Norwegian singer and songwriter
• 1985 – Morgan Amalfitano, French footballer
• 1985 – Ronnie Brewer, American basketball player
• 1985 – Nicolas Lombaerts, Belgian footballer
• 1985 – Yoan Merlo, French e-sport gamer
• 1986 – Dean Geyer, South African singer and actor
• 1986 – Ruby Rose Langenheim, Australian model and television personality
• 1986 – Julián Magallanes, Argentine footballer
• 1987 – Daniel Maa Boumsong, Cameroonian football player
• 1987 – Patrick Boyle, Scottish footballer
• 1987 – Pedro Ken (Pedro Ken Morimoto Moreira), Brazilian footballer
• 1987 – Jô (João Alves de Assis Silva), Brazilian footballer
• 1987 – Sergei Kostitsyn, Belarusian hockey player
• 1987 – Kangna Ranaut, Indian actress
• 1988 – Louie Vito, American snowboarder
• 1989 – Xavier Dolan, Canadian actor and filmmaker
• 1989 – Tamim Iqbal, Bangladeshi cricketer
• 1990 – Oliver Hein, German footballer
• 1991 – Mattia Destro, Italian footballer

Deaths[link]

• 220 – Cao Cao, Prime Minister of the Han Dynasty and King of Wei dies.
• 687 – St. Cuthbert, patron saint of Northumbria (b. c. 634)
• 1239 – Hermann von Salza, Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights (b. c. 1179)
• 1390 – Alexios III, Emperor of Trebizond (b. 1338)
• 1413 – King Henry IV of England (b. 1367)
• 1549 – Lord High Admiral Thomas Seymour, widower of Queen Catherine Parr (b. 1508)
• 1568 – Duke Albert of Prussia (b. 1490)
• 1586 – Richard Maitland, Scottish statesman and historian (b. 1496)
• 1619 – Mathias, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1557)
• 1673 – Augustyn Kordecki, Polish prior (b. 1603)
• 1730 – Adrienne Lecouvreur, French actress (b. 1692)
• 1732 – Johann Ernst Hanxleden, German philologist (b. 1681)
• 1746 – Nicolas de Largillière, French painter (b. 1656)
• 1780 – Sir Benjamin Truman – English brewer
• 1793 – William Murray, 1st Earl of Mansfield, Scottish judge and politician (b. 1705)
• 1809 – Mary Bateman, English woman executed for witchcraft, known as the "Yorkshire Witch"
• 1835 – Louis Léopold Robert, French painter (b. 1794)
• 1849 – James Justinian Morier, British diplomat and novelist (b. 1780)
• 1855 – Joseph Aspdin, English mason and inventor (b. 1788)
• 1865 – Keisuke Yamanami, Japanese samurai (b. 1833)
• 1874 – Hans Christian Lumbye, Danish composer (b. 1810)
• 1878 – Julius Robert von Mayer, German physician and physicist (b. 1814)
• 1890 – Alexander F. Mozhayskiy, Russian aviation pioneer (b. 1825)
• 1897 – Apollon Maykov, Russian poet (b. 1821)
• 1899 – Franz Ritter von Hauer, Austrian geologist (b. 1822)
• 1916 – Ota Benga, Congolese pygmy (b. 1884)
• 1918 – Lewis A. Grant, American Civil War General (b. 1828)
• 1925 – Lord George Nathaniel Curzon, British statesman, Viceroy of India (b. 1859)
• 1929 – Ferdinand Foch, French commander of allied forces in World War I (b. 1851)
• 1931 – Hermann Müller, Chancellor of Germany (b. 1876)
• 1933 – Giuseppe Zangara, American assassin of Anton Cermak and attempted assassin of Franklin Roosevelt (b. 1900)
• 1934 – Queen Emma of the Netherlands (b. 1858)
• 1940 – Alfred Ploetz, German physician, biologist, and eugenicist (b. 1860)
• 1947 – Sigurd Wallén, Swedish actor and filmdirector (b. 1884)
• 1958 – Adegoke Adelabu, Nigerian politician (b. 1915)
• 1964 – Brendan Behan, Irish playwright and author (b. 1923)
• 1968 – Carl Theodor Dreyer, Danish film director (b. 1889)
• 1969 – Henri Longchambon, French politician (b. 1896)
• 1970 – Manolis Chiotis, Greek singer, bouzouki player, and composer (b. 1920)
• 1972 – Marilyn Maxwell, American actress (b. 1921)
• 1974 – Chet Huntley, American television journalist (b. 1911)
• 1977 – Terukuni Manzō, Japanese sumo wrestler, the 38th Yokozuna (b. 1919)
• 1981 – Gerry Bertier, American wheelchair Olympian (b. 1953)
• 1983 – Ivan Matveyevich Vinogradov, Russian mathematician (b. 1891)
• 1990 – Maurice Cloche, French film director, screenwriter and producer (b. 1907)
• 1990 – Lev Yashin, Soviet footballer (b. 1929)
• 1992 – Georges Delerue, French film composer (b. 1925)
• 1993 – Polykarp Kusch, German-born American physicist, Nobel laureate (b. 1911)
• 1994 – Lewis Grizzard, American humorist (b. 1946)
• 1995 – Big John Studd, American professional wrestler (b. 1948)
• 1997 – V. S. Pritchett, British writer and critic (b. 1900)
• 1997 – Tony Zale, American boxer (b. 1913)
• 1998 – George Howard, American jazz saxophone musician (b. 1956)
• 1998 – Catherine Sauvage, French singer and actress (b. 1929)
• 2000 – Gene Eugene, Canadian singer and actor (Adam Again and Lost Dogs) (b. 1961)
• 2001 – Luis Alvarado, Puerto Rican baseball player (b. 1949)
• 2003 – Sailor Art Thomas, American wrestler (b. 1924)
• 2004 – Queen Juliana of the Netherlands (b. 1909)
• 2004 – Pierre Sévigny, Canadian military officer and politician (b. 1917)
• 2005 – Armand Lohikoski, Finnish film director (b. 1912)
• 2007 – Raynald Fréchette, Canadian judge and political figure (b. 1933)
• 2007 – Gilbert E. Patterson, presiding bishop of COGIC (b. 1939)
• 2007 – Taha Yassin Ramadan, Iraqi politician (b. 1938)
• 2007 – Hawa Yakubu, Ghanaian politician (b. 1948)
• 2008 – Eric Ashton, English rugby league footballer (b. 1935)
• 2008 – Shoban Babu, Indian actor (b. 1937)
• 2008 – Brian Wilde, English actor (b. 1921)
• 2008 – Klaus Dinger, German musician (Neu!, La Düsseldorf, La! Neu?, and Kraftwerk (b. 1946)
• 2009 – Mel Brown, American/Canadian blues guitarist (b. 1939)
• 2010 – Harry Carpenter, English television sports commentator (b. 1925)
• 2010 – Liz Carpenter, American feminist writer (b. 1920)
• 2010 – Girija Prasad Koirala, Nepalese politician (b. 1925)
• 2010 – Stewart Udall, American politician, environmentalist (b. 1920)
• 2011 – Johnny Pearson, British Composer (b. 1925)
• 2012 – Lincoln Hall, Australian mountaineer and author (b. 1955)

Holidays and observances[link]

• Christian Feast Day:
  • Abdon and Sennen, celebrated in Soissons, France
  • Alexandra
  • Blessed John of Parma
  • Cuthbert of Lindisfarne, Missionary, Bishop, 687, patron saint of Northumbria (Anglican Communion)
  • Herbert
  • Wulfram

• Earliest date for the vernal equinox:
  • Bahá'í Naw-Rúz, started at sunset on March 20. The end of the 19-day sunrise-to-sunset fast. (Bahá'í Faith)
  • Chunfen (China)
  • Earth Day, during its first celebration in 1971. Now celebrated on April 22.
  • New Year (Thelema)
  • Nowruz (Iranian diaspora, Kurdish diaspora, Zoroastrians)
  • Ostara in the northern hemisphere, Mabon in the southern hemisphere. (Neopagan Wheel of the Year)
  • International Astrology Day (astrologers and astrology enthusiasts)
  • Shunbun no Hi, a national holiday in Japan.
  • World Storytelling Day, a global celebration of the art of oral storytelling.
• Earliest day on which Good Friday can fall, while April 23 is the latest; celebrated on Friday before Easter. (Christianity)
• Independence Day, celebrates the independence of Tunisia from France in 1956.
• International Day of the Francophonie (International Organization of the Francophonie)
• World Sparrow Day, to raise public awareness about the decline of sparrows and throw light on the problems they face in their daily fight for survival.

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: March 20

• BBC: On This Day
• The New York Times: On This Day
• On This Day in Canada

This article relies on references to primary sources or sources affiliated with the subject, rather than references from independent authors and third-party publications. Please add citations from reliable sources. (March 2011)

Benjamin Fulford (古歩道ベンジャミン 1961–) is a Canadian journalist living in Japan.

He is the great-grandson of George Taylor Fulford.^[1]

In the early 1980s he went to Japan to study at Sophia University. After receiving a B.A. from the University of British Columbia, he returned to Japan in the mid-1980s to pursue a career in journalism.

On July 14, 2009 the Tokyo District Court awarded American broadcast journalist Steven L. Herman more than Yen 1,700,000 (17K euro) in the civil libel case brought against Fulford and his publisher (Herman vs. Fulford, Fusosha & M. Katagiri).^[2]

After the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami, Fulford claimed on Japanese television that "[t]he American government in cooperation with [the] Federal Reserve, the Rockefellers, and other powerful groups, they are planning the eruption of Mt. Fuji Volcano. The earthquake and the tsunami was March 11th, 2011, 03.11.11. The Mt. Fuji Eruption they are planning is for April 11th, 2011." Fulford attributed the earthquake, tsunami and his predicted eruption of Mt. Fuji to HAARP, a scientific facility used by physicists to research the upper atmosphere. There has been no such eruption of Mt. Fuji since 1708.^[3][4][5]

Publications[link]

• 9.11テロ捏造 -日本と世界を騙し続ける独裁国家アメリカ (9.11 fake terrorism -Dictatorial America cheating Japan and the world) ISBN 4-19-862195-0
• 暴かれた9.11疑惑の真相 (Exposed truth of 9.11 suspicion) ISBN 978-4-594-05228-7
• ヤクザ・リセッション: さらに失われる10年 (Yakuza recession: Another lost decade) ISBN 4-334-93323-8
• 泥棒国家の完成 (Completion of Kleptocracy) ISBN 4-334-93332-7
• 日本マスコミ「臆病」の構造 (Japan's chicken journalism) ISBN 4-7966-4375-3
• 石井紘基議員刺殺事件について (About the assassination of Koki Ishii)
• ドル消滅の仕組み (The mechanism of dollar collapse)

etc.

References[link]

External links[link]

• benjaminfulford.net
• benjaminfulford.com (Japanese)
• benjaminfulford.com (English)
• Benjamin Fulford's Blog (Japanese/English)

Jennifer Lawrence
Lawrence at the 83rd Academy Awards, February 27, 2011
Born	Jennifer Shrader Lawrence (1990-08-15) August 15, 1990 (age 21) Louisville, Kentucky, U.S.
Occupation	Actress
Years active	2006–present

Jennifer Shrader Lawrence^[1] (born August 15, 1990) is an American film and television actress. She had lead roles in TBS's The Bill Engvall Show and in the independent films The Burning Plain and Winter's Bone, for which she received nominations for the Academy Award, Golden Globe Award, Satellite Award, and the Screen Actors Guild Award. At age 20, she was the second youngest actress ever to be nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress. She is also known for playing Mystique in X-Men: First Class. In 2012, Lawrence achieved wider recognition starring as the heroine Katniss Everdeen in The Hunger Games, an adaptation of Suzanne Collins' best-selling novel of the same name. Her performance in the film garnered her notable critical praise and marked her as the highest grossing action heroine of all time.^[2][3] Lawrence's performances thus far have prompted Rolling Stone to define her as "the most talented young actress in America."^[4]

Early life[link]

Lawrence was born and raised in Louisville, Kentucky, and has two older brothers. Her parents are Karen (née Koch), who runs a children's camp, and Gary Lawrence, who once owned a concrete construction firm, Lawrence & Associates.^[5][6][7] She acted in local theater^[8] and, by the age of 14, had decided to pursue an acting career, persuading her parents to take her to New York City to find a talent agent. Prior to finding success in Hollywood, Lawrence attended Kammerer Middle School. She graduated from high school two years early with a 3.9 average in order to begin a career in acting.^[5][9] While growing up and in between acting, Lawrence served as an assistant nurse at the children's summer day camp that her mother ran.^[10]

Career[link]

Early work[link]

Lawrence had never taken any drama classes/lessons for acting.^[5] She started out her acting career in the TBS comedy The Bill Engvall Show, playing the eldest daughter of Lauren Pearson. Written and created by Bill Engvall and Michael Leeson, the show is set in a Denver suburb and follows the life of 'Bill Pearson' (played by Engvall), a family counselor whose own family could use a little dose of counseling. The series went on the air in September 2007 and was canceled in 2009 after three seasons. Lawrence received the Young Artist Award for Outstanding Young Performer in a TV Series for her role in the show.

Lawrence had guest-roles in the television series The Devil You Know, Cold Case, Medium, and Monk.^[11]

In 2008, she appeared in a small role in the film Garden Party as Tiff. It was directed by Jason Freeland. The same year, Lawrence appeared on the big screen in Guillermo Arriaga's film directorial debut The Burning Plain, opposite Charlize Theron and Kim Basinger. Her performance in the film earned her the Marcello Mastroianni Award for best young emerging actor/actress at the Venice Film Festival in 2008.^[12]

Still in 2008, Lawrence had the lead role in another film director's debut, Lori Petty's family drama The Poker House, opposite Selma Blair and Chloë Moretz, where she starred as Agnes, a young girl victim of abuse.^[13] Lawrence was awarded the Los Angeles Film Festival for Outstanding Performance for her role in the film. She appeared in the music video for the song "The Mess I Made", from the 2009 album Losing Sleep by Parachute.

2010–present[link]

Lawrence's lead role in Debra Granik's Winter's Bone, which won best picture at the Sundance Film Festival in 2010, is generally cited as a breakout performance for her.^[14] She portrays Ree Dolly, a seventeen-year-old in the Ozark Mountains who cares for her mentally ill mother and her younger brother and sister. Ree then discovers that her father put their house and land up as a bond for a court appearance before he disappeared, and the family now faces eviction.^[15] The performance was highly acclaimed by film critics. David Denby, writing in The New Yorker, said "the movie would be unimaginable with anyone less charismatic playing Ree."^[16] Peter Travers from the Rolling Stone also spoke highly of her and noted that "her performance is more than acting, it's a gathering storm. Lawrence's eyes are a roadmap to what's tearing Ree apart".^[17] Receiving accolades for her performance, Lawrence was awarded the National Board of Review Award for Best Breakthrough Performance. She received a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actress on January 25, 2011, becoming the second-youngest actress to date to be nominated for the category,^[18] and also accrued nominations from the Golden Globe Awards, Screen Actors Guild Awards, Independent Spirit Awards, and the Satellite Awards among others.

Lawrence had a role in The Beaver, a dark comedy starring Jodie Foster and Mel Gibson that was filmed in 2009, but which spent an extended period of time stalled due to controversies surrounding Gibson. It was released on May 6, 2011. Lawrence co-starred in the independent film Like Crazy, which premiered at the 2011 Sundance Film Festival and received a wider release by Paramount Pictures.^[19]

On June 18, 2011, it was announced that Lawrence was invited to join the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.

In June 2011, she starred as shape-shifting villain Mystique alongside James McAvoy and Michael Fassbender in X-Men: First Class,^[20] a prequel to the rest of the X-Men film series and will be reprising this role again in the sequel. Lawrence's Mystique is a younger version of the character played by Rebecca Romijn in earlier X-Men films.

She is also set to star alongside Elisabeth Shue in Mark Tonderai's thriller House at the End of the Street,^[21] which completed filming in 2010 and is in post-production.^[22]

Lawrence was cast in David O. Russell's The Silver Linings Playbook, opposite Bradley Cooper and Robert De Niro. She was originally cast to play "O" in the film Savages directed by Oliver Stone, but dropped out due to scheduling conflicts.

In 2012, Lawrence replaced Angelina Jolie in Susanne Bier's period thriller, The Falling, based on the novel Serena by Ron Rash.^[23][24] She will be playing the role of Serena who learns that she can never bear her husband children and is set out to murder the woman who bore her husband an illegitimate son before their marriage.

[edit] The Hunger Games

In March 2011, Lawrence was offered the part of Katniss Everdeen in the film The Hunger Games, based on the best-selling novel of the same name by Suzanne Collins. Despite being a fan of the books, Lawrence took three days to accept the role because she was initially intimidated by the size of the movie and what it may mean for her fame.^[25] She underwent extensive training to get in shape for the role, including stunt training, archery, rock and tree climbing, combat, running, parkour, pilates, and yoga.^[26][27] The film was released on March 23, 2012, and set the record for the third-largest opening weekend of all time, making a record-breaking $152.5 million in three days for a non-sequel film.^[28]

The fact that The Hunger Games emerged as a big box office hit with a female lead represents a dramatic shift for the action film genre because historically, among the "top 200 worldwide box-office hits ever ($350 million and up), not one has been built around a female action star" and for the first time ever, Lawrence contradicts that.^[29] She is currently the highest grossing action heroine.

Though the film generally received positive reviews, Lawrence's strong portrayal of Katniss Everdeen was the most highly praised with Todd McCarthy from The Hollywood Reporter saying Lawrence embodies Katniss, "just as one might imagine her from the novel" and "anchors" the whole film "with impressive gravity and presence", ultimately calling her "the ideal screen actress".^[30] Kenneth Turan from the Los Angeles Times stated that Lawrence is the "best possible performer as Katniss and is the key factor in making 'Hunger Games' an involving popular entertainment with strong narrative drive that holds our attention".^[31] Chicago Sun-Times film critic Roger Ebert also agreed that "Lawrence is strong and convincing in the central role".^[32]

Lawrence will start filming the film adaptation of the second novel in the The Hunger Games trilogy, Catching Fire, this summer, which is scheduled to be released on November 23, 2013.^[33]

Personal life[link]

Lawrence lived in New York City for the first few years of her career, but now resides in Santa Monica, California.^[5] She likes to paint, knit sweaters and scarves, surf, and play the guitar.^[34][35] She has been dating English actor Nicholas Hoult since 2011.^[36]

Filmography[link]

References[link]

External links[link]

• Jennifer Lawrence at the Internet Movie Database