Surat Language Download PDF Watch Edit For other uses, see Surat (disambiguation). Surat is a city in the western Indian state of Gujarat. Located at the mouth of the Tapti River, it used to be a large seaport and is now the commercial and economic center in South Gujarat, which is famous for its diamonds and textile industries; and as a shopping centre for apparels and accessories. It is the eighth largest city by population and ninth largest urban agglomeration in India. It is the administrative capital of the Surat district. The city is located 284 kilometres (176 mi) south of the state capital, Gandhinagar; 265 kilometres (165 mi) south of Ahmedabad; and 289 kilometres (180 mi) north of Mumbai. The city centre is located on the Tapti River, close to Arabian Sea.[11] Surat will be the world's fastest growing city from 2019 to 2035, according to a study conducted by Economic Times.[12] The city registered an annualised GDP growth rate of 11.5% over the seven fiscal years between 2001 and 2008.[13] Surat was awarded "best city" by the Annual Survey of India's City-Systems (ASICS) in 2013.[14] Surat is selected as the first smart IT city in India which is being constituted by the Microsoft CityNext Initiative tied up with IT services majors Tata Consultancy Services and Wipro.[15] The city has 2.97 million internet users, about 65% of total population.[16] Surat was selected in 2015 for an IBM Smarter Cities Challenge grant.[17][18] Surat has been selected as one of twenty Indian cities to be developed as a smart city under PM Narendra Modi's flagship Smart Cities Mission.[19] Surat is listed as the second cleanest city of India as of 21 August 2020 according to the Swachh Survekshan 2020 on 20 Aug.[20][21] It suffered a major pipeline fire which caused some damage.[22] Surat, famous for its diamond cutting and polishing, is known as the Diamond City of India.[1] It has various engineering plants like Essar, Larsen and Toubro and RIL. Surat won the Netexplo Smart Cities Award 2019 with UNESCO in the resilience category. Surat’s mayor will receive the award at the UNESCO House in Paris, France in March next year.[23] Surat was founded by a man called Gopi, who named the area Surajpur or Suryapur.[24] Duarte Barbosa described Surat as Suratt. Jacob Peeters referred to Surat as Sourratte which is a Dutch name.[25] There are many other names of Surat in history. Surat is referred to as Surrat, Surate or Soorat in some literature.[26] In the 12th and 15th centuries, Surat was managed by Muslims.[24] In 1514, the Portuguese traveler Duarte Barbosa described Surat as an important seaport, frequented by many ships from Malabar and various parts of the world. By 1520, the name of the city had become Surat. It was burned by the Portuguese (1512 and 1530) and conquered by the Mughals (1573) and was twice raided by the Maratha king Shivaji (17th century). [24] It was the most prosperous port in the Mughal empire.[27] Despite being a rich city, Surat looked like a typical "grubby" trader's town with mud-and-bamboo tenements and crooked streets, although along the riverfront there were a few mansions and warehouses belonging to local merchant princes and the establishments of Turkish, Armenian, English, French and Dutch traders. There were also hospitals for cows, horses, flies and insects run by religious Jains, which puzzled travelers.[27] Some streets were narrow while others were of sufficient width. In the evening, especially near the Bazaar (marketplace), the streets became crowded with people and merchants (including Banyan merchants) selling their goods. Surat was a populous city during the Mughal era but also had a large transient population: during the monsoon season, when ships could come and go from the ports without danger, the city's population would swell.[27] In 1612, England established its first Indian trading factory in Surat.[24] The city was looted twice by the Maratha king Shivaji, with the first sacking occurring in 1664.[11][24] Shivaji's raids scared trade away and caused ruin to the city.[27] Later, Surat became the emporium of India, exporting gold and cloth. Its major industries were shipbuilding and textile manufacture.[24] The coast of the Tapti River, from Athwalines to Dumas, was specially meant for shipbuilders, who were usually Rassis.[11] The city continued to be prosperous until the rise of Bombay (present-day Mumbai). Afterward, Surat's shipbuilding industry declined and Surat itself gradually declined throughout the 18th century.[24][11] Between 1790–1, an epidemic killed 100,000 Gujaratis in Surat. You are free to use Lonely Red Tree music track (even for commercial purposes), but you must include the following in your video description (copy & paste): Lonely Red Tree by Dox | https://soundcloud.com/dox-free-music Music promoted by https://www.free-stock-music.com Attribution-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported (CC BY-ND 3.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/3.0/

• published: 13 Apr 2021
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