Jhansi
—  city  —
Jhansi-View from Fort
Jhansi
Coordinates: 25°26′55″N 78°34′11″E / 25.44862°N 78.56962°E / 25.44862; 78.56962Coordinates: 25°26′55″N 78°34′11″E / 25.44862°N 78.56962°E / 25.44862; 78.56962
Country	India
State	Uttar Pradesh
Region	Bundelkhand
District	Jhansi
Government
• Mayor	Dr. B. Lal
• Deputy Mayor	Mrs. Sushila Dubey
Elevation	285 m (935 ft)
Time zone	IST (UTC+5:30)
PIN	284 00x
Telephone code	91-510
Vehicle registration	UP-93
Website	jhansi.nic.in

Jhansi  pronunciation (help·info) is a historical city of India lying on the banks of Pahuj river. Jhansi is the administrative headquarters of Jhansi District and Jhansi Division. The original walled city grew up around its stone fort, which crowns a neighboring rock. This district is on the bank of river Betwa.
Jhansi city is situated between the rivers Pahunj and Betwa between North longitudes 24°11´ and 25°57´and East latitudes 78°10´and 79°25´.It has an average elevation of 284 metres (935 feet).The city has an irregular boundary, northern being contiguous with that of district of Jalaun. In addition, the city is well connected to all other major towns in Uttar Pradesh by road and railway networks. It is about 415 km from New Delhi and 292 km from Lucknow, and is called gateway to Bundelkhand .

The National Highway Development Project has sparked Jhansi's development. The North-South Corridor connecting Kashmir to Kanyakumari passes through Jhansi. The East-West corridor also goes through this city, so there has been a sudden rush to infrastructure and real estate development in the city. A greenfield airport is also on the Anvil.^[1]

Etymology[link]

According to a legend, Raja of Orchha was sitting on the roof of his palace with his friend, the Raja of Jaitpur asked the latter whether he could discern this new fort that he built on Bangara hill, he replied that he could see it 'Jhainsi' (meaning rather indistinct). This 'Jhainsi' in course of time became corrupted to Jhansi. It was one of the most strategically situated forts of central India being built on an elevated rock rising out of the plain and commanding the city and the surrounding country.

History[link]

A drawing of the necropolis of the Maharajahs of Jhansi, 1872

The Muslim governors of the Mughal empire were constantly making incursions into the Bundela country. In 1732 Chhatrasal, the Bundela king, called in the aid of the Hindu Marathas. They came to his assistance, and were rewarded by the bequest of one-third of the Maharaja's dominions upon his death two years later. The Maratha general developed the city of Jhansi, and peopled it with inhabitants from Orchha state. In 1806 British protection was promised to the Maratha chief. In 1817, however, the Peshwa in Pune ceded all his rights over Bundelkhand to the British East India Company. In 1853 the Raja of Jhansi died childless, and his territory was annexed by the Governor-General of India. The Jhansi state and the Jalaun and Chanderi districts were then formed into a superintendency. Rani Lakshmibai, widow of the Raja, protested the annexation because she was not allowed to adopt an heir (as was customary), and because the slaughter of cattle was permitted in the Jhansi territory.

The Indian Rebellion of 1857 accordingly found Jhansi ripe for rebellion. In June a few men of the 12th Native Infantry seized the fort containing the treasure and magazine, and massacred the European officers of the garrison along with their wives and children. Rani Lakshmi Bai put herself at the head of the rebels and died in battle in Gwalior. It was not until November, 1858 that Jhansi was brought under British control. It had been given to the Maharaja of Gwalior, but came under British rule in 1886 as the result of a territorial swap.

Jhansi was added to the United Provinces, which became the state of Uttar Pradesh after India's independence in 1947.

The fort standing in the hilly area shows that how the North Indian style of fort construction differentiated from that of the South. In South majority of the forts were built on the sea beds like Bekal Fort in Kerala.

Demographics[link]

According to the 2011 census, Jhansi has a population of 507,293.
74.82% of the population are Hindu, 14.5% are Muslims, 2.0% are Christians and the rest 1.5 % are Sikhs,Jains,Buddhists.
Jhansi city has 85th rank among the most populated cities of India, according to 2011 Census.
Literacy rate of Jhansi is 83.81% much above the national average.

• 2011 Census Total: 507,293
  • Nagar Nigam Total: 470,212
  • Male: 249,592
  • Female: 222,620
  • Cantonment Board Total: 18,582
  • Male: 10,239
  • Female: 8,343
  • Jhansi Railway Settlement Total: 15,499
  • Male: 8,395
  • Female: 7,104

Geography and climate[link]

Jhansi (a view from hill)

Jhansi is located at 25.4333 N 78.5833 E. It has an average elevation of 284 metres (935 feet).^[2] Jhansi is located in the plateau of central India,an area dominated by rocky reliefs and minerals underneath the soil. The city has a natural slope in the north as it lies on the south western border of the vast Tarai plains of Uttar Pradesh. The elevation rises on the south. The land is suitable for citrus species fruits. Crops include wheat, pulses, peas, oilseeds. The region relies heavily on Monsoon rains for irrigation purposes. Under an ambitious canal project (Rajghat canal), the government is constructing a network of canals for irrigation in Jhansi and Lalitpur and some area of Madhya Pradesh.

Being on a rocky plateau, Jhansi experiences extreme temperatures. Winter begins in October with the retreat of the Southwest Monsoon (Jhansi does not experience any rainfall from the Northeast Monsoon) and peaks in mid-December. The mercury generally reads about 4 degrees minimum and 21 degrees maximum. Spring arrives by the end of February and is a short-lived phase of transition. Summer begins by April and summer temperatures can peak at 47 degrees in May. The rainy season starts by the third week of June (although this is variable year to year). Monsoon rains gradually weaken in September and the season ends by the last week of September. In the rainy season, average daily high temperature hovers around 36 degrees Celsius with high humidity. The average rainfall for this city is about 900 mm per year, observed almost entirely within the three-and-a-half months of the Southwest Monsoon.

Transport[link]

The city is well connected by rail & road transport services.

Railways[link]

Jhansi Junction has its own Division of the North Central Railways. It is well connected by train services to all parts of the country, including 4 metros. There are direct trains to Mumbai, Delhi, Kolkata (Howrah), Chennai, Bangalore (Bengaluru), Trivandrum, Indore, Ahmedabad, Pune, Jammu, Lucknow, Bhopal, Mahoba, Khajuraho, Gaya, Jalgaon, Bhusaval, Jabalpur, Kanpur and other major towns.
List of all trains passing through Jhansi Junction can be found at http://indiarailinfo.com/departures/477 .
In the near future, Jhansi is going to be one of the major stations in India. It is known for its excellent connectivity and forteous railway station.
Jhansi is well known for its railway locomotive works. BHEL (Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited) is located In the historic city Of Jhansi. Jhansi contains many new railway workshops. It has now become an important railway hub.

Road Transport[link]

The proposed North-south & East-west Corridors of the Golden-Quadrilateral Highway project pass and cross each other in Jhansi only and it is also well connected to Kanpur, Lucknow and Madhya Pradesh by road.The four lane national highway is at the last stage of its completion, giving a boom in infrastructure and other sectors in Jhansi and nearby areas. Moreover, the greenery near the broad and swift highway is very eye catching.

Jhansi is located at the junction of many National Highways. List of National Highways passing through Jhansi :

• NH-12A

• NH-25

• NH-26

• NH-75

• NH-76

Thus, Jhansi commands a strategic position in the roadways network as highways in 5 different directions diverge from Jhansi.

Air Transport[link]

There is a military aviation base in Jhansi from British era. It is mostly used by the Indian army. Though there are provisions for private aircraft landing, there are no civil aviation operations. The UP government has recently announced the construction of an all new civil aviation base to support tourism in Bundelkhand.^[3] Military aviation base is used by the army and army has an objection to extend the existing military aviation base. So, the government has examined three different places other than army aviation base for the airport in Jhansi. It is believed that in the coming 3–4 years, there will be an airport but it will surely take more than 5years but still seeing the requirements there is a need of airport.

Army[link]

Jhansi is the head-quarter of the 31st Indian Armoured Division.
The army is stationed at Jhansi-Babina.
There has been a joint exercise with the Singaporean Army, here at Jhansi when the President of India, Pratibha Patil witnessed the feat.
It is an armoured division which consists of many equipments like Stuart tank, M3 Lee and M4 Sherman tank.

Industries[link]

Jhansi is a hub of industrial activities in Bundelkhand and Southern Uttar Pradesh.
Jhansi district is an upcoming industrial region.
Many stone and granite crushers can be easily spotted in the vicinity of the city. Also, refrigeration units and several iron and steel mills are located in the nearby regions.
There are 245 small scale industries in Jhansi city. In addition, there is a major industrial area at Bijholi (Circle 5). Major industrial units include stone crushing units, fabrication units and furnace industries.
Some major industries located in Jhansi are-

• BHEL Jhansi
• Heidelberg Cement Factory
• Baidyanath Factory
• Government Cotton mill, Jhansi
• Parichha Thermal Power Plant
• Indian Hume Pipe Co. Ltd.

Hospitals[link]

Jhansi is a hub for medical care in the Bundelkhand region. It has a Medical College which is being revamped now. The District Hospital has many new facilities to serve patients. There are plenty of private hospitals, especially in the Medical College area. A new government paramedical college is a being set up there.

Government

• Maharani Laxmi Bai Medical College (Kanpur road)
• District civil hospital (city)
• Bundelkhand Ayurvedic college (Gwalior road)
• Army hospital (cantonment)
• Railway hospital (near railway station)
• Cantonment general hospital (Sadar bazaar)
• Swikrati Singh hospital (on Leher Ki Devi road)

Private:

• Dr Verma Nursing Home (Manik Chowk)
• Sanjeevani Hospital (Kanpur road)
• Kanha Hospital (kanpur road)
• Homoeopathic Soni Hospital & Research Centre (Shivaji Nagar)
• Aman Kumar heart care hospital
• Agarwal Maternity & Nursing Home (Sadar bazaar)
• Anand Hospital & Urology Research Centre (opp. medical college, Karguvan road)
• Lifeline hospital (Kanpur road)
• Happy Family Hospital (Behind Hotel Sita, civil lines)
• St. Jude hospital (Sipri bazaar)
• Nirmal hospital (near medical college)
• Vinayak hospital (behind Yatrik hotel, Elite circle)
• kailash jain hospital medical collage
• LRM Jain nursing home (Civil lines)
• Christian hospital (Jhokan Bagh)
• Kapoor nursing home. (Elite)
• Kedarnath Hospital (Medical college road)

Dental Clinics:

• Dr Dheeraj Kaushik Om Sai Ram Dental Clinic, Near Arogya Sadan Hospital, Awas Vikas.Jhansi
• Gubrellay Dental Care Centre, In front T.B. Hospital, Jeewan Shah Tiraha, Gwalior Road
• Dr S.K. Agarwal's Dental Clinic, opposite Suri Automobiles. Jeewan Shah Tiraha. Civil Lines

Educational Institutes[link]

Jhansi has gradually become a major education centre of India. Students from different parts of the country come here for their higher studies. Even foreign students come here for the unique courses available.

University[link]

• Bundelkhand University

Government Engineering College[link]

• Bundelkhand Institute of Engineering & Technology BIET Jhansi
• 'Government Polytechnic Jhansi

Private Engineering/Professional Colleges[link]

• Chandra Shekhar Azad Institute of Science and Technology, jail Chauraha, Jhansi
• S R Group of Institutions Ambabai Jhansi consists 5 institutions, namely:
• College of Science & Engineering, Jhansi
• College of Engineering Management & Technology, Jhansi
• College of Pharmacy, Jhansi
• College of Professional Studies, Jhansi
• International Institute of Business Management, Jhansi

Government colleges[link]

• Bundelkhand University, medical college road
• Saraswati Pathshala Industrial (SPI) Inter College, Civil Lines,Jhansi
• Bipin Bihari college, behind Govind Chauraha, Jhansi
• Bundelkhand Degree college, Elite road, BKD Chauraha, Jhansi
• Government inter college (G.I.C.), Gwalior road,Jhansi
• Suraj Prasad Govt. Girls Inter College, Sadar Bazaar,Jhansi
• Sharda devi degree college of management, Jhansi

Army schools[link]

• Army school, cantonment area
• Kendriya Vidyalaya
  • Kendriya Vidyalaya No.1, cantt. area
  • Kendriya Vidyalaya No.2, cantt. area
  • Kendriya Vidyalaya No.3 Gulam Gaus road, railway colony

Private schools[link]

• St. Francis convent (only for girls)
• Christ the King College [C.K.C] (Only for Boys)
• Jai Academy,Shivpuri Road(promoted by Dainik Jagran)
• Jai Kids, Civil Lines,Elite, Jhansi (by Dainik Jagran)
• Cathedral College, Railway Colony
• Rani Laxmibai public school
• Pt.Deendayal Upadhayay Vidyapeeth inter college, Balaji Road
• St. Francis convent (only for girls)
• Mahatma Hansraj Modern School, Shivpuri road
• Sheerwood college, Khati Baba
• The Woods heritage school
• St. Mary's Inter College, Maseeha Ganj, Sipri Bazar
• Sri Guru Nanak Khalsa inter college, Sipri bazaar
• St. Marks college
• Modern public school, civil lines (junior)
• Modern Public School, Kanpur Road (Senior)
• St. Xaviers college, B.H.E.L Khailar (14 k.m. from main City)
• B.H.E.L. Shiksha Niketan (B.H.E.L.)
• Blue Bells school, Rajgarh
• Sun international school, near R.T.O., Kanpur Road
• Bal Bharti Public school, Khati Baba
• Sunny convent inter college
• Shri Raghuraj Singh inter college, outside Datiya gate
• Veerangana Jhalkaribai inter college, Khushipura
• Gyan Sthali public school, Shivaji Nagar
• Bhani Devi Goyal Saraswati Vidya Mandir inter college, Bala Ji road
• Maharaja Agrasen Saraswati Vidhya Mandir, Pahuj riverside
• Sacred heart convent school, Parichha colony
• C.L. memorial high school
• Shemford Futuristic school
• New Era Public School
• Margaret Leask Memorial Inter College
• R.N.S World School
• R.N.S. Education City,Shivpuri road
• Tender Hearts School, Manaswin Tower road
• Kidzee, Manaswin Tower(by Zee TV)

Government aided institutions[link]

• Sri Laxmi Vyayam Mandir inter college
• Saraswati Vidhya Mandir, outside Datiya gate
• Sun shine public school, Maharana Pratap Nagar
• Saraswati inter college, behind St. Jude hospital
• Hafiz Siddique National inter college
• Shri Guru Nanak Khalsa inter college
• St. Judes Inter College

Tourism[link]

Places of interest[link]

• Jhansi Fort^[4]
• Rani Mahal (Queen's Palace)
• U.P. Govt. Museum.
• Maha Lakshmi Temple
• Leher ki Devi Temple
• Panchkuian Temple - An old traditional temple, Rani Lakshmi bai used to worship here
• Gayatri Temple
• Ganesh Mandir
• Siddheshwar Temple (Near GIC Gwalior Road) - Built by Pandit Raghunath Vinayak Dhulekar
• Panchtantra Park (attracting huge crowd)
• Jhansi Cantt
• Sadar Bazar market and Manik Chowk market
• Sarafa Bazaar
• Parichha Dam ^[5]
• Cathedral of St. Anthony, seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Jhansi
• St. Jude's Shrine attracts huge masses of pilgrims and tourist especially in the month of October for St. Jude's feast.

St. Jude's Shrine, Jhansi

• Bodh Vihar/Lord Buddha Temple, Dharamshala, Kapurtekri Khushipura, Jhansi.
• Kaimasan Mandir, Bundelkhand University.
• Sakhi ke Hanuman, a Hanuman temple of Jhansi though temples of other God and Goddesses are also there in its Campus.
• Karaundi wali Mata Mandir
• Mahaveeran Wali Mata Mandir
• Ram Mandi (Sipri Bazar)
• Choti Mata Ka Mandir, Masiha ganj (Sipri Bazar)
• Orchha - Historical town, 15 km from Jhansi. Orchha is a nice place to visit. There are a lot of historical temples and Betwa river. The movie Ravan has been extensively shot in orchha.
• Mau Ranipur - famous for its silk industry.
• Shiv Temple Garaha Near Bangara 50 km from Jhansi on NH -76

Hotels[link]

• Hotel Samrat
• Hotel Sita (three star)
• Hotel Rahi Veerangana(one star)
• Hotel Ambrosia
• Hotel Milan(one star)
• Jhansi Hotel(three star)
• Hotel Yatrik(three star)
• Hotel Tulsi(three star)
• Hotel Srinath Palace(three star)
• Hotel Ajay International(two star)
• Hotel Raj Palace
• Hotel Chanda(three star)
• Hotel Dreamland
• Hotel Rishabh(three star)
• Hotel Prakash Regency

References[link]

External links[link]

This article includes a list of references, but its sources remain unclear because it has insufficient inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (November 2010)

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Jhansi

• Jhansi District Official web site
• Jhansi Municipal Corporation Official web site
• Jhansi Development Authority Official web site
• Jhansi Cantonment Board Official web site
• Jhansi Jan Suvidha Kendra (Public Grievance Redressal System)
• Jhansi Online News & Community
• Jhansi Latest News @ Dainik Jagran
• Jhansi at Wikitravel
• Day by day account of Jhansi's role during the First Indian Rebellion

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Rani Lakshmibai
Rani of Jhansi
The Rani attired in war gear
Birth name	Manikarnika
Born	(1835-11-19)19 November 1835
Birthplace	Kashi, Varanasi, India
Died	17 June 1858
Place of death	Gwalior, India
Predecessor	Rani Rama Bai
Successor	British Raj
Consort to	Jhansi Naresh Maharaj Gangadhar Rao Newalkar
Royal House	Maratha Empire
Children	Damodar Rao, Anand Rao

Lakshmi Bai, the Rani of Jhansi (c.19 November 1835 – 17 June 1858)^[1] (Marathi- झाशीची राणी लक्ष्मीबाई) was the queen of the Maratha-ruled princely state of Jhansi, situated in the north-central part of India. She was one of the leading figures of the Indian Rebellion of 1857 and a symbol of resistance to the rule of the British East India Company in the subcontinent.

Rani Lakshmi Bai's Childhood[link]

lakshmi Bai is born in the holy town Kashi. She was named Manikarnika and was nicknamed Manu.^[2] Her father was Moropant Tambe and her mother Bhagirathibai Tambe. Her parents hailed from Maharashtra. ^[3] couple. Her mother expired when she was four. Her father worked at a court Peshwa of Bithoor district;. Peshwa did bring her up like his own daughter. The Peshwa called her as "Chhabili". The meaning of Chabili is light-heartedness. She was given education at home.

She was more independent in her childhood unlike others of her age. She studied archery, horsemanship, self-defence. Tatya Tope, was her mentor.

Lakshmibai was married to the Maharaja of Jhansi Raja Gangadhar Rao, in 1842. After her marriage she was called as Lakshmi Bai. The Raja was very friendly to her. She^[4] gave birth to a boy named Damodar Rao in 1851. However, the child died when it was four months old. After the death of their son, the Raja and Rani of Jhansi adopted a child Anand Rao. Anand Rao was the son of Gangadhar Rao's cousin, and was renamed as Damodar Rao. However, it is said that the Raja of Jhansi never recovered from his son's death, and died on 21 November 1853.

Because Damodar Rao was adopted, the British East India Company, under Governor-General Lord Dalhousie, applied the Doctrine of Lapse, rejecting Rao's claim to the throne and annexing the state to its territories. In March 1854, Lakshmibai was given a pension of 60,000 Rs. and ordered to leave the palace and the fort.

First War of Independence in India(1857)[link]

Rani Lakshmibai as shown in a 19th century painting

Indian Rebellion for Independence started on May 10, 1857 the Indian Rebellion Meerut. The rebellion was held in Meerut. The rumour that the bullet casings supplied by British to its soldiers were coated with pork and beef began to spread throughout India. During this time, the British were forced to focus their attention somewhere else and Lakshmibai was ruling Jhansi alone and she began leading her troops swiftly and efficiently to quell skirmishes initiated by other princes. The city was relatively calm in the midst of unrest in the region but Jhansi Rani Lakshmi Bai conducted Haldi Kumkum ceremony with pomp in front of all women of Jhansi to provide assurance to her subjects and to convince them that the city was under no threat of attack.^[5]

Till this point, Lakshmibai was hesitant to rebel against British. Lakshmi Bai s forces killed many east India Company officials and their wives and children on 8 June 1857 in Jokhan Bagh. ^[6] She fought with British troops when the later Sir Hugh Rose siege to Jhansi on 23 March 1858. An army of more than 20,000, headed by Tatya Tope, was sent to relieve Jhansi but they failed to do so when they fought with the British on 31st March. Hugh Rose and an Indian general betrayed Rani Lakshmibai^[7]. Three days later the besiegers captured the city. Jhansi Rani Lakshmi Bai escaped in the night with her son, surrounded by guards.^[6]

Statue of Rani Laxmi Bai in Agra

With Anand Rao, Jhansi Rani Lakshmi Bai decamped to Kalpi with her troops, where she joined additional rebel forces, including Tatya Tope. They moved on to Gwalior, where she grouped rebel forces and defeated the army of Maharaja of then Gwalior. They could occupy a strategic fort at Gwalior. However, on 17 June 1858,^[8] while battling against 8th (King's Royal Irish) Hussars in Kotah-ki-Serai 26°12′44.26″N 78°10′24.76″E / 26.2122944°N 78.1735444°E / 26.2122944; 78.1735444 near the Phool Bagh of Gwalior, she was mortally wounded and few locals cremated her body. The British captured Gwalior after three days. In the British report of battle, Hugh Rose General was reported hurt badly^{[citation needed]} and he commented that the Jhansi Rani Lakshmi Bai is "perserable, clever and beautiful" and she is "the most dangerous of all Indian leaders".^[9]in Married her age is 14 yers only.

^[10] .

In fiction[link]

• Flashman in the Great Game by George MacDonald Fraser, a historical fiction novel about the Indian Revolt describing several meetings between Flashman and the Rani.
• La femme sacrée, in French, by Michel de Grèce. A novel based on the Rani of Jhansi's life in which the author imagines an affair between the Rani and an English lawyer.
• Rani, a 2007 novel in English by Jaishree Misra.
• "Nightrunners of Bengal a 1951 novel in English by John Masters.

In films and television series[link]

• The Tiger and the Flame (1953), one of the first technicolor films released in India, was directed and produced by Indian filmmaker Sohrab Modi.
• Jhansi Ki Rani (TV series) a television serial aired by Zee TV in which Kratika Sengar plays the role of the rani.
• The Rebel is a new film by Ketan Mehta, and is a companion piece to his film Mangal Pandey: The Rising. The screenplay is by Farrukh Dhondy from a story by Chandra Prakash Dwivedi.
• "Animated film by Mr.Anuragg (Animator Jaipur Studio) " RANI LAKSHMI BAI-The Warrior lady" to be released soon.

Historical studies[link]

• The Queen of Jhansi, by Mahasweta Devi (translated by Sagaree and Mandira Sengupta). This book is a reconstruction of the life of Rani Lakshmi Bai from extensive research of both historical documents (collected mostly by G.C. Tambe, grandson of the Queen) and folk tales, poetry and oral tradition; the original in Bengali was published in 1956. ISBN

See also[link]

• Central India Campaign (1858)
• Indian Rebellion of 1857
• Company rule in India
• Jhalkari Bai
• Subhadra Kumari Chauhan
• Nana Sahib
• Tatya Tope
• Bithoor
• Mangal Pandey

References[link]

Maza Pravas: 1857 cya Bandaci Hakikat (marathi "My journey: the truth about the 1857 rebellion") by Vishnu Bhatt Godse. Amar Balidani by Janki Sharan Verma Zila Vikas Pustika, 1996–97, Jhansi Meyer, Karl E. and Shareen Blair Brysac. Tournament of Shadows Washington D.C.: Counterpoint, 1999.

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Rani Lakshmibai

• Timeline from the birth of Lakshmibai until her death
• Lakshmibai, Rani of Jhansi
• John Lang's account of his meeting with the Rani
• First Freedom War 1857:: स्वातंत्र्यसमर १८५७ चा
• Rani Lakshmibai in Time's list of top 10 daredevil wives uploaded by sameerjoshi0511atgmaildotcom

v t e Indian independence movement History Colonisation East India Company British India French India Portuguese India Plassey Buxar Anglo-Mysore Wars Anglo-Maratha Wars First Second Third Polygar War Vellore Mutiny First Anglo-Sikh War Second Anglo-Sikh War Rebellion of 1857 British Raj more Philosophies and ideologies Indian nationalism Swaraj Hindu nationalism Gandhism Satyagraha Muslim nationalism in South Asia Swadeshi Socialism Khilafat Movement Events and movements Partition of Bengal Revolutionaries Delhi-Lahore Conspiracy The Indian Sociologist The Sedetious conspiracy Champaran and Kheda Rowlatt Committee Rowlatt Bills Jallianwala Bagh Massacre Non-Cooperation Kakori conspiracy Qissa Khwani Bazaar massacre Flag Satyagraha Bardoli 1928 Protests Nehru Report Fourteen Points of Jinnah Purna Swaraj Salt Satyagraha Round table conferences Act of 1935 Legion Freies Indien Cripps' mission Quit India Indian National Army Bombay Mutiny Coup d'État de Yanaon Provisional Government of India Organisations Indian National Congress All-India Muslim League Anushilan Samiti Jugantar Arya Samaj Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh India House Berlin Committee Ghadar Home Rule Khaksar Tehrik Khudai Khidmatgar Hindustan Republican Association Swaraj Party Indian Independence League All India Kisan Sabha Azad Hind more Social reformers Bal Gangadhar Tilak Muhammad Ali Jinnah Muhammad Iqbal Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi Acharya Kripalani Rahul Sankrityayan Mahatma Jyotirao Phule Gopal Ganesh Agarkar Shahu Maharaj Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Dhondo Keshav Karve Vitthal Ramji Shinde Mahadev Govind Ranade Swami Dayananda Saraswati Vinayak Damodar Savarkar Swami Vivekananda Swami Sahajanand Saraswati Vinoba Bhave Baba Amte Ram Mohan Roy Gopal Hari Deshmukh Indian independence activists Puli Thevar Yashwantrao Holkar Rahul Sankrityayan Swami Sahajanand Saraswati Tipu Sultan Veerapandiya Kattabomman Sangolli Rayanna Baba Ram Singh Mangal Pandey Rae Ahmed Nawaz Khan Kharal Bakht Khan Veer Kunwar Singh Rani of Jhansi Bahadur Shah Zafar Swami Dayanand Saraswati Bal Gangadhar Tilak Gopal Krishna Gokhale Dadabhai Naoroji Bhikaiji Cama Shyamji Krishna Varma Annie Besant Shyama Prasad Mukherjee Har Dayal Subramanya Bharathi Lala Lajpat Rai Bipin Chandra Pal Rash Behari Bose Chittaranjan Das Bidhan Chandra Roy Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan Maulana Azad Ashfaqullah Khan Ram Prasad Bismil Chandrasekhar Azad Rajaji K. M. Munshi Bhagat Singh Hemu Kalani Sarojini Naidu Achyut Patwardhan Purushottam Das Tandon Alluri Sitaramaraju Muhammad Ali Jinnah Sardar Patel Acharya Kripalani Subhash Chandra Bose Vinayak Damodar Savarkar Jawaharlal Nehru Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi Allama Mashriqi Kotwal Dhan Singh Gurjar V. K. Krishna Menon more British leaders Clive Outram Dalhousie Irwin Linlithgow Wavell Cripps Mountbatten more Independence Simla Conference Cabinet Mission Indian Independence Act Partition of India Political integration Constitution Republic of India

Rasammah Bhupalan (born 1927), also known as Rasammah Naomi Navarednam or Mrs F.R. Bhupalan, is a renowned Malaysian freedom fighter and social activist

She has championed causes such as the anti-drug abuse movement, women's rights, education and social justice causes.

Pre-Independence[link]

Rasammah was one of the earliest women involved in the fight for Malaysian (then Malaya) independence. She joined the Rani of Jhansi Regiment, the women's wing of the Indian National Army, to fight the British. She served in Burma during World War II.

Women's Rights[link]

As founder president of the Women Teacher's Union, she fought for equal pay for women teachers and tried to bring disparate teachers' unions under an umbrella.

The former school principal was the first Asian representative of the World Confederation of Organisations of the Teaching Profession for two successive terms. She was also very active in the National Council of Women's Organisation (NCWO) and Pemadam.

Recognition[link]

She was a teacher in the Methodist Boys School Kuala Lumpur (MBSSKL) from 1959 to 1964 and was the principal of Methodist Girls School Kuala Lumpur (MGSKL) for 13 years from 1970 until she retired in 1982. On 11th November 2007, Mrs.Bhupalan was among the few veteran teachers who were invited to attend MBSSKL's 110th Anniversary Celebration Dinner. The dinner was specially organized to honour all the former and current teachers of the school.

On November 21, 2006, a book entitled Footprints on The Sands of Time, Rasammah Bhupalan: A Life of Purpose authored by Associate Professor Dr Aruna Gopinath was launched by Culture, Arts and Tourism Minister Datuk Dr Rais Yatim.

The biography, published with the support of the National Archives, the ministry and NCWO, is about the life of Rasammah seen in a historical context.

See also[link]

• Janaky Athi Nahappan
• Lakshmi Sahgal

References[link]

• Ministry in search of remarkable Malaysians, The Star, November 22, 2006
• Mothers of substance, The Star, August 20, 2007.
• They dared to take up public office, The Star, August 20, 2007.

v t e Indian independence movement History Colonisation East India Company British India French India Portuguese India Plassey Buxar Anglo-Mysore Wars Anglo-Maratha Wars First Second Third Polygar War Vellore Mutiny First Anglo-Sikh War Second Anglo-Sikh War Rebellion of 1857 British Raj more Philosophies and ideologies Indian nationalism Swaraj Hindu nationalism Gandhism Satyagraha Muslim nationalism in South Asia Swadeshi Socialism Khilafat Movement Events and movements Partition of Bengal Revolutionaries Delhi-Lahore Conspiracy The Indian Sociologist The Sedetious conspiracy Champaran and Kheda Rowlatt Committee Rowlatt Bills Jallianwala Bagh Massacre Non-Cooperation Kakori conspiracy Qissa Khwani Bazaar massacre Flag Satyagraha Bardoli 1928 Protests Nehru Report Fourteen Points of Jinnah Purna Swaraj Salt Satyagraha Round table conferences Act of 1935 Legion Freies Indien Cripps' mission Quit India Indian National Army Bombay Mutiny Coup d'État de Yanaon Provisional Government of India Organisations Indian National Congress All-India Muslim League Anushilan Samiti Jugantar Arya Samaj Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh India House Berlin Committee Ghadar Home Rule Khaksar Tehrik Khudai Khidmatgar Hindustan Republican Association Swaraj Party Indian Independence League All India Kisan Sabha Azad Hind more Social reformers Bal Gangadhar Tilak Muhammad Ali Jinnah Muhammad Iqbal Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi Acharya Kripalani Rahul Sankrityayan Mahatma Jyotirao Phule Gopal Ganesh Agarkar Shahu Maharaj Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Dhondo Keshav Karve Vitthal Ramji Shinde Mahadev Govind Ranade Swami Dayananda Saraswati Vinayak Damodar Savarkar Swami Vivekananda Swami Sahajanand Saraswati Vinoba Bhave Baba Amte Ram Mohan Roy Gopal Hari Deshmukh Indian independence activists Puli Thevar Yashwantrao Holkar Rahul Sankrityayan Swami Sahajanand Saraswati Tipu Sultan Veerapandiya Kattabomman Sangolli Rayanna Baba Ram Singh Mangal Pandey Rae Ahmed Nawaz Khan Kharal Bakht Khan Veer Kunwar Singh Rani of Jhansi Bahadur Shah Zafar Swami Dayanand Saraswati Bal Gangadhar Tilak Gopal Krishna Gokhale Dadabhai Naoroji Bhikaiji Cama Shyamji Krishna Varma Annie Besant Shyama Prasad Mukherjee Har Dayal Subramanya Bharathi Lala Lajpat Rai Bipin Chandra Pal Rash Behari Bose Chittaranjan Das Bidhan Chandra Roy Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan Maulana Azad Ashfaqullah Khan Ram Prasad Bismil Chandrasekhar Azad Rajaji K. M. Munshi Bhagat Singh Hemu Kalani Sarojini Naidu Achyut Patwardhan Purushottam Das Tandon Alluri Sitaramaraju Muhammad Ali Jinnah Sardar Patel Acharya Kripalani Subhash Chandra Bose Vinayak Damodar Savarkar Jawaharlal Nehru Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi Allama Mashriqi Kotwal Dhan Singh Gurjar V. K. Krishna Menon more British leaders Clive Outram Dalhousie Irwin Linlithgow Wavell Cripps Mountbatten more Independence Simla Conference Cabinet Mission Indian Independence Act Partition of India Political integration Constitution Republic of India

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