Group	Egyptians '''' ''''
Population	ca. 88 million (2008)
Region1
Pop1	81.3 million (2008 census estimate)
Ref1
Region3
Pop3	6,000,000 (2011)
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Region4
Pop4	800,000 - 2,000,000 (2010)
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Region5
Pop5	120,000 (2009)
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Region6
Pop6	227,000 (1999)
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Region7
Pop7	191,000 (1999)
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Region8
Pop8	147,02 (2000)
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Region9
Pop9	140,000 (2002)
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Region10
Pop10	110,000 (2000)
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Region11
Pop11	80,000 (2010)
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Region12
Pop12	65,000
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Region13
Pop13	60,000
Region14
Pop14	45,000 (2011)
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Region15
Pop15	40,000
Langs	Egyptian Arabic Sa'idi ArabicCoptic (near-extinct)others
Rels	|rels Mainly: Islam Christianity}}

Egyptians (  ; ) are the inhabitants and citizens of Egypt sharing a common culture and a dialect of Arabic.

Egyptian identity is closely tied to geography. The population of Egypt is concentrated in the lower Nile Valley, the small strip of cultivable land stretching from the First Cataract to the Mediterranean and enclosed by desert both to the east and to the west. This unique geography has been the basis of the development of Egyptian society since antiquity. If regarded as a single ethnic group, the Egyptian people constitute one of the world's largest.

The daily language of the Egyptians is the local variety of Arabic, known as Egyptian Arabic or ''Masri'', Also a sizable minority of Egyptian speak Sa'idi Arabic in Upper Egypt. Egyptians are predominantly adherents of Sunni Islam with a Shia minority and a significant proportion who follow native Sufi orders. A sizable minority of Egyptians belong to the Coptic Orthodox Church, whose liturgical language, Coptic, is the last stage of the indigenous Egyptian language.

Names[link]

Egyptians, from Greek , '''', from , '''' "Egypt". The Greek name is derived from Late Egyptian ''Hikuptah'' "Memphis", a corruption of the earlier Egyptian name ''Hat-ka-Ptah'' (), meaning "home of the ka (soul) of Ptah", the name of a temple to the god Ptah at Memphis. Strabo provided a folk etymology according to which had evolved as a compound from '''', meaning "below the Aegean". In English, the noun "Egyptians" appears in the 14th century, in Wycliff's Bible, as ''Egipcions''.

Copts ( قبط) – Under Muslim rule, the Egyptians came to be known as Copts, a derivative of the Greek word , ''Aiguptios'' (Egyptian), from , ''Aiguptos'' (Egypt). The Greek name in turn may be derived from the Egyptian '''', literally "Estate (or 'House') of Ptah", the name of the temple complex of the god Ptah at Memphis. After the majority of Egyptians converted from Christianity to Islam, the term became exclusively associated with Egyptian Christianity and Egyptians who remained Christian, though references to native Muslims as Copts are attested until the Mamluk period.

– The modern Egyptian name comes from the ancient Semitic name for Egypt and originally connoted "civilization" or "metropolis". Classical Arabic '''' (Egyptian Arabic '''') is directly cognate with the Biblical Hebrew ''Mitzráyīm'', meaning "the two straits", a reference to the predynastic separation of Upper and Lower Egypt. Edward William Lane writing in the 1820s, said that Egyptians commonly called themselves '''' 'the Egyptians', '''' 'the Children of Egypt' and '''' 'the People of Egypt'. He added that the Turks "stigmatized" the Egyptians with the name '''' or the 'People of the Pharaoh'.

– This was the native Egyptian name of the people of the Nile Valley, literally 'People of Kemet' (i.e., Egypt). In antiquity, it was often shortened to simply '''' or "the people". The name is vocalized as in the Coptic stage of the language, meaning "Egyptian" ('''' , with the plural indefinite article, "Egyptians"; '''' , with the plural definite article, "the Egyptians").

Demographics[link]

An estimated 76.4 million Egyptians live around the world, but the vast majority are in Egypt where about 94% (74 million) of the total population call themselves "ethnic Egyptians"; though the term "ethnic Egyptian" is controversial, some believe the Nubians to be the original ethnic Egyptians. Ethnic minorities in Egypt are formed by Nubians, Berbers, Bedouins, Beja and Dom.

Approximately 90% of the population of Egypt are Muslim and 10% are Christian (9% Coptic, 1% other Christian), though estimates vary. The majority live near the banks of the Nile River where the only arable land is found. Close to half of the Egyptian people today are urban; most of the rest are fellahin living in rural towns and villages. A large influx of fellahin into urban cities, and rapid urbanization of many rural areas since the early 20th century, have shifted the balance between the number of urban and rural citizens. Egyptians also form smaller minorities in neighboring countries, North America, Europe and Australia.

Historically, it was rare for Egyptians to leave their country permanently for an extended period of time—it was not until the 1970s that Egyptians began to emigrate in large numbers. Until recently, a study on the pattern of Egyptian emigration was quoted as saying "Egyptians have a reputation of preferring their own soil. Few leave except to study or travel; and they always return... Egyptians do not emigrate." Egyptians also tend to be provincial, meaning their attachment extends not only to Egypt but to the specific provinces, towns and villages from which they hail. Therefore, return migrants, such as temporary workers abroad, come back to their region of origin in Egypt. According to the International Organization for Migration, an estimated 2.7 million Egyptians live abroad and contribte actively to the development of their country through remittances (US$ 7.8 in 2009), circulation of human and social capital, as well as investment. Approximately 70% of Egyptian migrants live in Arab countries (923,600 in Saudi Arabia, 332,600 in Libya, 226,850 in Jordan, 190,550 in Kuwait with the rest elsewhere in the region) and the remaining 30 % are living mostly in Europe and North America (318,000 in the United States, 110,000 in Canada and 90,000 in Italy).

A sizable Egyptian diaspora did not begin to form until well into the 1980s, when political and economic conditions began driving Egyptians out of the country in significant numbers. Today, the diaspora numbers nearly 4 million (2006 est). Generally, those who emigrate to the United States and western European countries tend to do so permanently, with 93% and 55.5% of Egyptians (respectively) settling in the new country. On the other hand, Egyptians migrating to Arab countries almost always only go there with the intention of returning to Egypt; virtually none settle in the new country on a permanent basis. Prior to 1974, only few Egyptian professionals had left the country in search for employment. Political, demographic and economic pressures led to the first wave of emigration after 1952. Later more Egyptians left their homeland first after the 1973 boom in oil prices and again in 1979, but it was only in the second half of the 1980s that Egyptian migration became prominent.

Egyptian emigration today is motivated by even higher rates of unemployment, population growth and increasing prices. Political repression and human rights violations by Egypt's ruling régime are other contributing factors (see Egypt - Human rights). Egyptians have also been impacted by the wars between Egypt and , particularly after the Six-Day War in 1967, when migration rates began to rise. In August 2006, Egyptians made headlines when 11 students from Mansoura University failed to show up at their American host institutions for a cultural exchange program in the hope of finding employment. Many Coptic Christians also leave the country due to discrimination and harassment by the Egyptian government and Islamist groups.

Egyptians in neighboring countries face additional challenges. Over the years, abuse, exploitation and/or ill-treatment of Egyptian workers and professionals in the Arab states of the Persian Gulf, Iraq and Libya have been reported by the Egyptian Human Rights Organization and different media outlets. Arab nationals have in the past expressed fear over an "'Egyptianization' of the local dialects and culture that were believed to have resulted from the predominance of Egyptians in the field of education" (see also Egyptian Arabic - Geographics). The Egyptians for their part object to what they call the "Saudization" of their culture due to Saudi Arabian petrodollar-flush investment in the Egyptian entertainment industry. Twice Libya was on the brink of war with Egypt due to mistreatment of Egyptian workers and after the signing of the peace treaty with Israel. When the Gulf War ended, Egyptian workers in Iraq were subjected to harsh measures and expulsion by the Iraqi government and to violent attacks by Iraqis returning from the war to fill the workforce.

Identity[link]

The degree to which Egyptians identify with each layer of Egypt's history in articulating a sense of collective identity can vary. Questions of identity came to fore in the 20th century as Egyptians sought to free themselves from British occupation, leading to the rise of ethno-territorial secular Egyptian nationalism (also known as "Pharaonism"). After Egyptians gained their independence from Great Britain, other forms of nationalism developed, including secular Arab nationalism (including pan-Arabism) and Islamism.

"Pharaonism" rose to prominence in the 1920s and 1930s. It looked to Egypt's future and argued that Egypt was part of a microscopic Mediterranean civilization. This ideology stressed the role of the Nile River and the Mediterranean. Pharaonism's most notable advocate was Taha Hussein. It became the dominant mode of expression of Egyptian anti-colonial activists of the pre- and inter-war periods:

In 1931, following a visit to Egypt, Syrian Arab nationalist Sati' al-Husri remarked that "[Egyptians] did not possess an Arab nationalist sentiment; did not accept that Egypt was a part of the Arab lands, and would not acknowledge that the Egyptian people were part of the Arab nation." The later 1930s would become a formative period for Arab nationalism in Egypt, in large part due to efforts by Syrian/Palestinian/Lebanese intellectuals. Nevertheless, a year after the establishment of the League of Arab States in 1945, to be headquartered in Cairo, Oxford University historian H. S. Deighton was still writing:

One of the most prominent Egyptian nationalists and anti-Arabists was Egypt's most notable writer of the 20th century, Taha Hussein. He expressed his disagreement with Arab unity and his beliefs in Egyptian nationalism on multiple occasions. In one of his most well known articles, written in 1933 in the magazine "Kawkab el Sharq", he wrote saying:

It was not until the Nasser era more than a decade later that Arab nationalism, and by extension Arab socialism, became a state policy and a means with which to define Egypt's position in the Middle East and the world, usually articulated vis-à-vis Zionism in the neighboring Jewish state. For a while Egypt and Syria formed the United Arab Republic. When the union was dissolved, Egypt continued to be known as the UAR until 1971, when Egypt adopted the current official name, the Arab Republic of Egypt. The Egyptians' attachment to Arabism, however, was particularly questioned after the 1967 Six-Day War. Thousands of Egyptians had lost their lives and the country became disillusioned with Arab politics. Nasser's successor Sadat, both through public policy and his peace initiative with Israel, revived an uncontested Egyptian orientation, unequivocally asserting that only Egypt and Egyptians were his responsibility. The terms "Arab", "Arabism" and "Arab unity", save for the new official name, became conspicuously absent. (See also Liberal age and Republic sections.)

Many Egyptians today feel that Egyptian and Arab identities are inextricably linked, and emphasize the central role that Egypt plays in the Arab world. Others continue to believe that Egypt and Egyptians are simply not Arab, emphasizing indigenous Egyptian heritage, culture and independent polity; pointing to the failures of Arab and pan-Arab nationalist policies; and publicly voicing objection to the present official name of the country.

In late 2007, ''el-Masri el-Yom'' daily newspaper conducted an interview at a bus stop in the working-class district of Imbaba to ask citizens what Arab nationalism (''el-qawmeyya el-'arabeyya'') represented for them. One Egyptian Muslim youth responded, "Arab nationalism means that the Egyptian Foreign Minister in Jerusalem gets humiliated by the Palestinians, that Arab leaders dance upon hearing of Sadat's death, that Egyptians get humiliated in the Arab states of the Persian Gulf, and of course that Arab countries get to fight Israel until the last Egyptian soldier." Another felt that,"Arab countries hate Egyptians", and that unity with Israel may even be more of a possibility than Arab nationalism, because he believes that Israelis would at least respect Egyptians.

Some contemporary prominent Egyptians who oppose Arab nationalism or the idea that Egyptians are Arabs include Secretary General of the Supreme Council of Antiquities Zahi Hawass, popular writer Osama Anwar Okasha, Egyptian-born Harvard University Professor Leila Ahmed, Member of Parliament Suzie Greiss, in addition to different local groups and intellectuals. This understanding is also expressed in other contexts, such as Neil DeRosa's novel ''Joseph's Seed'' in his depiction of an Egyptian character "who declares that Egyptians are not Arabs and never will be."

Egyptian critics of Arab nationalism contend that it has worked to erode and/or relegate native Egyptian identity by superimposing only one aspect of Egypt's culture. These views and sources for collective identification in the Egyptian state are captured in the words of a linguistic anthropologist who conducted fieldwork in Cairo:

Languages[link]

The official language of Egypt today is Arabic. The spoken vernacular is known as Egyptian Arabic, while Modern Standard Arabic is reserved for more formal contexts.

The recorded history of Egyptian Arabic as a separate dialect begins in Ottoman Egypt with a document by a 17th century author writing about the peculiarities of the speech of the Egyptian people. This suggests that the language by then was spoken by the majority of Egyptians. It is represented in a body of vernacular literature comprising novels, plays and poetry published over the course of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Classical Arabic is also a significant cultural element in Egyptian culture, as Egyptian novelists and poets were among the first to experiment with modern styles of Arabic literature, and the forms they developed have been widely imitated.

In Byzantine Egypt, both the native Coptic language (the direct descendant of the ancient Egyptian language) and Koine Greek were in use for administrative purposes. Following the Muslim conquest of Egypt in the 7th century, Egypt came under Arab rule.

Use of both Greek and Coptic as administrative languages was discontinued in favour of the Arabic language in 705, and Coptic suffered a continuous decline over the following centuries. Especially under Mamluk rule, speakers of Coptic were actively persecuted. The Coptic language was virtually extinct by the 18th century, although it remained in continuous use as the liturgical language of Coptic Christianity. Since the 19th century, there have been attempts at revival (see Liberal Egyptian Party), and it is now reported as the native language of a few hundred members of the Egyptian diaspora.

History[link]

Ancient Egypt[link]

Ancient Egypt sees a succession of thirty dynasties spanning three millennia, during which Egyptian culture underwent significant development in terms of religion, arts, language and customs. Egypt fell under "foreign rulers", the Hyksos, in the Middle Bronze Age, which the native nobility managed to expel by the Late Bronze Age, initiating the New Kingdom of Egypt which rose to the status of an "Empire" under Thutmose III. It remained a super-regional power throughout the successful 19th and 20th dynasties (the Amarna Period and the Ramesside Period), lasting into the Early Iron Age. The Bronze Age collapse that had afflicted the Mesopotamian empires reached Egypt with some delay, and it was only in the 11th century BC that the Empire declined, falling into the comparative obscurity of the Third Intermediate Period of Egypt. The 25th dynasty of Nubian rulers was again briefly replaced by native nobility in the 7th century BC, but in 525 BC, Egypt fell under Persian rule. Alexander the Great was greeted as a liberator when he conquered Egypt in 332 BC. The Late Period of ancient Egypt is taken to end with his death in 323 BC. The Ptolemaic dynasty ruled Egypt from 305 BC to 30 BC and introduced Hellenic culture to Egyptians.

Throughout the Pharaonic epoch (viz., from 2920 BC to 525 BC in conventional Egyptian chronology), divine kingship was the glue which held Egyptian society together. It was especially pronounced in the Old and Middle Kingdoms and continued until the Roman conquest. The societal structure created by this system of government remained virtually unchanged up to modern times. The role of the king, however, was considerably weakened after the 20th dynasty. The king in his role as Son of Ra was entrusted to maintain Ma'at, the principle of truth, justice and order, and to enhance the country's agricultural economy by ensuring regular Nile floods. Ascendancy to the Egyptian throne reflected the myth of Horus who assumed kingship after he buried his murdered father Osiris. The king of Egypt, as a living personification of Horus, could claim the throne after burying his predecessor, who was typically his father. When the role of the king waned, the country became more susceptible to foreign influence and invasion.

The attention paid to the dead, and the veneration with which they were held, were one of the hallmarks of ancient Egyptian society. Egyptians built tombs for their dead that were meant to last for eternity. This was most prominently expressed by the Great Pyramids. The ancient Egyptian word for tomb '''' means 'House of Eternity.' The Egyptians also celebrated life, as is shown by tomb reliefs and inscriptions, papyri and other sources depicting Egyptians farming, conducting trade expeditions, hunting, holding festivals, attending parties and receptions with their pet dogs, cats and monkeys, dancing and singing, enjoying food and drink, and playing games. The ancient Egyptians were also known for their engaging sense of humor, much like their modern descendants.

Another important continuity during this period is the Egyptian attitude toward foreigners—those they considered not fortunate enough to be part of the community of ''rmṯ'' or "the people" (i.e., Egyptians.) This attitude was facilitated by the Egyptians' more frequent contact with other peoples during the New Kingdom, when Egypt expanded to an empire that also encompassed Nubia through Jebel Barkal and parts of the Levant. The Egyptian sense of superiority was given religious validation, as foreigners in the land of ''Ta-Meri'' (Egypt) were anathema to the maintenance of Maat—a view most clearly expressed by the admonitions of Ipuwer in reaction to the chaotic events of the Second Intermediate Period. Foreigners in Egyptian texts were described in derogatory terms, e.g., 'wretched Asiatics' (Semites), 'vile Kushites' (Nubians), and 'Ionian dogs' (Greeks). Egyptian beliefs remained unchallenged when Egypt fell to the Hyksos, Assyrians, Libyans, Persians and Greeks—their rulers assumed the role of the Egyptian Pharaoh and were often depicted praying to Egyptian gods.

The ancient Egyptians used a solar calendar that divided the year into 12 months of 30 days each, with five extra days added. The calendar revolved around the annual Nile Inundation (''akh.t''), the first of three seasons into which the year was divided. The other two were Winter and Summer, each lasting for four months. The modern Egyptian ''fellahin'' calculate the agricultrual seasons, with the months still bearing their ancient names, in much the same manner. The importance of the Nile in Egyptian life, ancient and modern, cannot be overemphasized. The rich alluvium carried by the Nile inundation were the basis of Egypt's formation as a society and a state. Regular inundations were a cause for celebration; low waters often meant famine and starvation. The ancient Egyptians personified the river flood as the god Hapy and dedicated a ''Hymn to the Nile'' to celebrate it. ''km.t'', the Black Land, was as Herodotus observed, "the gift of the river."

Graeco-Roman period[link]

When Alexander died, a story began to circulate that Nectanebo II was Alexander's father. This made Alexander in the eyes of the Egyptians a legitimate heir to the native pharaohs. The new Ptolemaic rulers, however, exploited Egypt for their own benefit and a great social divide was created between Egyptians and Greeks. The local priesthood, however, continued to wield power as they had during the Dynastic age. Egyptians continued to practice their religion undisturbed and largely maintained their own separate communities from their foreign conquerors. The language of administration became Greek, but the mass of the Egyptian population was Egyptian-speaking and concentrated in the countryside, while most Greeks lived in Alexandria and only few had any knowledge of Egyptian.

The Ptolemaic rulers all retained their Greek names and titles, but projected a public image of being Egyptian pharaohs. Much of this period's vernacular literature was composed in the demotic phase and script of the Egyptian language. It was focused on earlier stages of Egyptian history when Egyptians were independent and ruled by great native pharaohs such as Ramesses II. Prophetic writings circulated among Egyptians promising expulsion of the Greeks, and frequent revolts by the Egyptians took place throughout the Ptolemaic period. A revival in animal cults, the hallmark of the Predyanstic and Early Dyanstic periods, is said to have come about to fill a spiritual void as Egyptians became increasingly disillusioned and weary due to successive waves of foreign invasions.

When the Romans annexed Egypt in 30 BC, the social structure created by the Greeks was largely retained, though the power of the Egyptian priesthood diminished. The Roman emperors lived abroad and did not perform the ceremonial functions of Egyptian kingship as the Ptolemies had. The art of mummy portraiture flourished, but Egypt became further stratified with Romans at the apex of the social pyramid, Greeks and Jews occupied the middle stratum, while Egyptians, who constituted the vast majority, were at the bottom. Egyptians paid a poll tax at full rate, Greeks paid at half-rate and Roman citizens were exempt. The Roman emperor Caracalla advocated the expulsion of all ethnic Egyptians from the city of Alexandria, saying "genuine Egyptians can easily be recognized among the linen-weavers by their speech." This attitude lasted until AD 212 when Roman citizenship was finally granted to all the inhabitants of Egypt, though ethnic divisions remained largely entrenched. The Romans, like the Ptolemies, treated Egypt like their own private property, a land exploited for the benefit of a small foreign elite. The Egyptian peasants, pressed for maximum production to meet Roman quotas, suffered and fled to the desert.

The cult of Isis, like those of Osiris and Serapis, had been popular in Egypt and throughout the Roman Empire at the coming of Christianity, and continued to be the main competitor with Christianity in its early years. The main temple of Isis remained a major center of worship in Egypt until the reign of the Byzantine emperor Justinian I in the 6th century, when it was finally closed down. Egyptians, disaffected and weary after a series of foreign occupations, identified the story of the mother-goddess Isis protecting her child Horus with that of the Virgin Mary and her son Jesus escaping the emperor Herod. Consequently, many sites believed to have been the resting places of the holy family during their sojourn in Egypt became sacred to the Egyptians. The visit of the holy family later circulated among Egyptian Christians as fulfillment of the Biblical prophecy "When Israel was a child, then I loved him, and called my son out of Egypt" (Hosea 11:1). The feast of the coming of the Lord of Egypt on June 1 became an important part of Christian Egyptian tradition. According to tradition, Christianity was brought to Egypt by Saint Mark the Evangelist in the early 40s of the 1st century, under the reign of the Roman emperor Nero. The earliest converts were Jews residing in Alexandria, a city which had by then become a center of culture and learning in the entire Mediterranean ''oikoumene''.

St. Mark is said to have founded the Holy Apostolic See of Alexandria and to have become its first Patriarch. Within 50 years of St. Mark's arrival in Alexandria, a fragment of New Testament writings appeared in Oxyrhynchus (Bahnasa), which suggests that Christianity already began to spread south of Alexandria at an early date. By the mid-third century, a sizable number of Egyptians were persecuted by the Romans on account of having adopted the new Christian faith, beginning with the Edict of Decius. Christianity was tolerated in the Roman Empire until AD 284, when the Emperor Diocletian persecuted and put to death a great number of Christian Egyptians. This event became a watershed in the history of Egyptian Christianity, marking the beginning of a distinct Egyptian or Coptic Church. It became known as the 'Era of the Martyrs' and is commemorated in the Coptic calendar in which dating of the years began with the start of Diocletian's reign. When Egyptians were persecuted by Diocletian, many retreated to the desert to seek relief. The practice precipitated the rise of monasticism, for which the Egyptians, namely St. Antony, St. Bakhum, St. Shenouda and St. Amun, are credited as pioneers. By the end of the 4th century, it is estimated that the mass of the Egyptians had either embraced Christianity or were nominally Christian.

The Catachetical School of Alexandria was founded in the 3rd century by Pantaenus, becoming a major school of Christian learning as well as science, mathematics and the humanities. The Psalms and part of the New Testament were translated at the school from Greek to Egyptian, which had already begun to be written in Greek letters with the addition of a number of demotic characters. This stage of the Egyptian language would later come to be known as Coptic along with its alphabet. The third theologian to head the Catachetical School was a native Egyptian by the name of Origen. Origen was an outstanding theologian and one of the most influential Church Fathers. He traveled extensively to lecture in various churches around the world and has many important texts to his credit including the ''Hexapla'', an exegesis of various translations of the Hebrew Bible.

thumb|220px|Coptic-Arabic manuscript, [[Ayyubid dynasty|Ayyubid period, AD 1249-50. Images depict Jesus in the Garden of Gethsemane, the kiss of Judas, the arrest of Christ, his appearance before Caiaphas, Peter's denial at cockcrow, Christ before Pilate, and the baptism of Jesus in the Jordan River.]]At the threshold of the Byzantine period, the New Testament had been entirely translated into Coptic. But while Christianity continued to thrive in Egypt, the old pagan beliefs which had survived the test of time were facing mounting pressure. The Byzantine period was particularly brutal in its zeal to erase any traces of ancient Egyptian religion. Under emperor Theodosius I, Christianity had already been proclaimed the religion of the Empire and all pagan cults were forbidden. When Egypt fell under the jurisdiction of Constantinople after the split of the Roman Empire, many ancient Egyptians temples were either destroyed or converted into monasteries.

One of the defining moments in the history of the Church in Egypt is a controversy that ensued over the nature of Jesus Christ which culminated in the final split of the Coptic Church from both the Byzantine and Roman Catholic Churches. The Council of Chalcedon convened in AD 451, signaling the Byzantine Empire's determination to assert its hegemony over Egypt. When it declared that Jesus Christ was of two natures embodied in Christ's person, the Egyptian reaction was swift, rejecting the decrees of the Council as incompatible with the Miaphysite doctrine of Coptic Orthodoxy. The Copts' upholding of the Miaphysite doctrine against the pro-Chalcedonian Greek Melkites had both theological and national implications. As Coptologist Jill Kamil notes, the position taken by the Egyptians "paved [the way] for the Coptic church to establish itself as a separate entity...No longer even spiritually linked with Constantinople, theologians began to write more in Coptic and less in Greek. Coptic art developed its own national character, and the Copts stood united against the imperial power."

Islamic period[link]

Before the Muslim conquest of Egypt, the Byzantine Emperor Heraclius was able to reclaim the country after a brief Persian invasion in AD 616, and subsequently appointed Cyrus of Alexandria, a Chalcedonian, as Patriarch. Cyrus was determined to convert the Egyptian Miaphysites by any means. He expelled Coptic monks and bishops from their monasteries and sees. Many died in the chaos, and the resentment of the Egyptians against their Byzantine conquerors reached a peak. Meanwhile, the new religion of Islam was making headway in Arabia, culminating in the Muslim conquests that took place following Muhammad's death. In AD 639, the Arab general 'Amr ibn al-'As marched into Egypt, facing off with the Byzantines in the Battle of Heliopolis that ended with the Byzantines' defeat. The relationship between the Greek Melkites and the Egyptian Copts had grown so bitter that most Egyptians did not put up heavy resistance against the Arabs.

The new Muslim rulers moved the capital to Fustat and, through the 7th century, retained the existing Byzantine administrative structure with Greek as its language. Native Egyptians filled administrative ranks and continued to worship freely so long as they paid the jizya poll tax, in addition to a land tax that all Egyptians irrespective of religion also had to pay. The authority of the Miaphysite doctrine of the Coptic Church was for the first time nationally recognized. Soon increased taxation by the Muslim rulers became heavier, leading many Christians to adopt Islam in order to escape the jizya. According to al-Ya'qubi, repeated revolts by Egyptian Christians against the Muslim Arabs took place in the 8th and 9th centuries under the reign of the Umayyads and Abbasids. The greatest was one in which disaffected Muslim Egyptians joined their Christian compatriots around AD 830 in an unsuccessful attempt to repel the Arabs.

The form of Islam that eventually took hold in Egypt was Sunni, though very early in this period Egyptians began to blend their new faith with indigenous beliefs and practices that had survived through Coptic Christianity. Just as Egyptians had been pioneers in early monasticism so they were in the development of the mystical form of Islam, Sufism. Various Sufi orders were founded in the 8th century and flourished until the present day. One of the earliest Egyptian Sufis was Dhul-Nun al-Misri (i.e., Dhul-Nun the Egyptian). He was born in Akhmim in AD 796 and achieved political and social leadership over the Egyptian people. Dhul-Nun was regarded as the Patron Saint of the Physicians and is credited with having introduced the concept of Gnosis into Islam, as well as of being able to decipher a number of hieroglyphic characters due to his knowledge of Coptic. He was keenly interested in ancient Egyptian sciences, and claimed to have received his knowledge of alchemy from Egyptian sources. By the end of the 9th century, Islam appears to have become predominant among Egyptians.

In the years to follow the Arab occupation of Egypt, a social hierarchy was created whereby Egyptians who converted to Islam acquired the status of mawali or "clients" to the ruling Arab elite, while those who remained Christian, the Copts, became dhimmis. In time, however, the power of the Arabs waned throughout the Islamic Empire so that in the 10th century, the Turkish Ikhshids were able to take control of Egypt and made it an independent political unit from the rest of the empire. Egyptians continued to live socially and politically separate from their foreign conquerors, but their rulers like the Ptolemies before them were able to stabilize the country and bring renewed economic prosperity. It was under the Shiite Fatimids from the 10th to the 12th centuries that Muslim Egyptian institutions began to take form along with the Egyptian dialect of Arabic, which was to eventually supplant native Egyptian or Coptic as the spoken language. Al-Azhar was founded in AD 970 in the new capital Cairo, not very far from its ancient predecessor in Memphis. It became the preeminent Muslim center of learning in Egypt and by the Ayyubid period it had acquired a Sunni orientation. The Fatimids with some exceptions were known for their religious tolerance and their observance of local Muslim, Coptic and indigenous Egyptian festivals and customs. Under the Ayyubids, the country for the most part continued to prosper until it fell to the Mamluks.

The Mamluk period (AD 1258-1517) is generally regarded as one under which Egyptians, Muslims and Copts, greatly suffered. Copts were forcibly converted to Islam in greater numbers following the Crusader assaults on Egypt. By the 15th century most Egyptians had already been converted to Islam, while Coptic Christians were reduced to a minority. The Mamluks were mainly ethnic Circassians and Turks who had been captured as slaves then recruited into the army fighting on behalf of the Islamic empire. Native Egyptians were not allowed to serve in the army until the reign of Mohamed Ali. Historian James Jankwoski writes:

Ottoman period[link]

Egyptians under the Ottoman Turks from the 16th to the 18th centuries lived within a social hierarchy similar to that of the Mamluks, Arabs, Romans, Greeks and Persians before them. Native Egyptians applied the term ''atrak'' (Turks) indiscriminately to the Ottomans and Mamluks, who were at the top of the social pyramid, while Egyptians, most of whom were farmers, were at the bottom. Frequent revolts by the Egyptian peasantry against the Ottoman-Mamluk Beys took place throughout the 18th century, particularly in Upper Egypt where the peasants at one point wrested control of the region and declared a separatist government. The only segment of Egyptian society which appears to have retained a degree of power during this period were the Muslim '''ulama'' or religious scholars, who directed the religious and social affairs of the native Egyptian population and interceded on their behalf when dealing with the Turko-Circassian elite. Egyptians, as Muslims, were part of a wider Islamic community, yet they also held on to their separate national identity:

'') was an identifiable and emotionally meaningful entity within the larger Muslim polity of which it was now a province.}}

Modern history[link]

Modern Egyptian history is generally believed to begin with the French expedition in Egypt led by Napoleon Bonaparte in 1798. The French defeated a Mamluk-Ottoman army at the Battle of the Pyramids, and soon they were able to seize control of the country. The French occupation was short-lived, ending when British troops driving out the French in 1801. Its impact on the social and cultural fabric of Egyptian society, however, was tremendous. To be sure, the Egyptians were deeply hostile to the French, whom they viewed as yet another foreign occupation to be resisted. At the same time, the French expedition introduced Egyptians to the ideals of the French Revolution which were to have a significant influence on their own self-perception and realization of modern independence. When Napoleon invited the Egyptian ''ulama'' to head a French-supervised government in Egypt, for some, it awakened a sense of nationalism and a patriotic desire for national independence from the Turks. In addition, the French introduced the printing press in Egypt and published its first newspaper. The monumental catalogue of Egypt's ecology, society and economy, ''Description de l'Égypte'', was written by scholars and scientists who accompanied the French army on their expedition.

The withdrawal of French forces from Egypt left a power vacuum that was filled after a period of political turmoil by Mohammed Ali, an Ottoman officer of Albanian ethnicity. He rallied support among the Egyptians until he was elected by the native Muslim ''ulama'' as governor of Egypt. Mohammed Ali is credited for having undertaken a massive campaign of public works, including irrigation projects, agricultural reforms and the cultivation of cash crops (notably cotton, rice and sugar-cane), increased industrialization, and a new educational system—the results of which are felt to this day. In order to consolidate his power in Egypt, Mohammed Ali worked to eliminate the Turko-Circassian domination of administrative and army posts. For the first time since the Roman period, native Egyptians filled the junior ranks of the country's army. The army would later conduct military expeditions in the Levant, Sudan and against the Wahabis in Arabia. Many Egyptians student missions were sent to Europe in the early 19th century to study at European universities and acquire technical skills such as printing, shipbuilding and modern military techniques. One of these students, whose name was Rifa'a et-Tahtawy, was the first in a long line of intellectuals that started the modern Egyptian Renaissance.

Nationalism[link]

The period between 1860 − 1940 was characterized by an Egyptian ''nahda'', renaissance or rebirth. It is best known for the renewed interest in Egyptian antiquity and the cultural achievements that were inspired by it. Along with this interest came an indigenous, Egypt-centered orientation, particularly among the Egyptian intelligentsia that would affect Egypt's autonomous development as a sovereign and independent nation-state. The first Egyptian renaissance intellectual was Rifa'a el-Tahtawi. In 1831, Tahtawi undertook a career in journalism, education and translation. Three of his published volumes were works of political and moral philosophy. In them he introduces his students to Enlightenment ideas such as secular authority and political rights and liberty; his ideas regarding how a modern civilized society ought to be and what constituted by extension a civilized or "good Egyptian"; and his ideas on public interest and public good.

Tahtawi was instrumental in sparking indigenous interest in Egypt's ancient heritage. He composed a number of poems in praise of Egypt and wrote two other general histories of the country. He also co-founded with his contemporary Ali Mubarak, the architect of the modern Egyptian school system, a native Egyptology school that looked for inspiration to medieval Egyptian scholars like Suyuti and Maqrizi, who studied ancient Egyptian history, language and antiquities. Tahtawi encouraged his compatriots to invite Europeans to come and teach the modern sciences in Egypt, drawing on the example of Pharaoh Psamtek I who had enlisted the Greeks' help in organizing the Egyptian army.

thumb|200px|left|Egyptian silk weavers during the reign of [[Isma'il Pasha|Khedive Ismail, 1880.]]Among Mohammed Ali's successors, the most influential was Isma'il Pasha who became khedive in 1863. Ismail's reign witnessed the growth of the army, major education reforms, the founding of the Egyptian Museum and the Royal Opera House, the rise of an independent political press, a flourishing of the arts, and the inauguration of the Suez Canal. In 1866, the Assembly of Delegates was founded to serve as an advisory body for the government. Its members were elected from across Egypt, including villages, which meant that native Egyptians came to exert increasing political and economic influence over their country. Several generations of Egyptians exposed to the ideas of constitutionalism made up the emerging intellectual and political milieu that slowly filled the ranks of the government, the army and institutions which had long been dominated by an aristocracy of Turks, Greeks, Circassians and Armenians.

Ismail's massive modernization campaign, however, left Egypt indebted to European powers, leading to increased European meddling in local affairs. This led to the formation of secret groups made up of Egyptian notables, ministers, journalists and army officers organized across the country to oppose the increasing European influence. When the British deposed of Ismail and installed his son Tawfik, the now Egyptian-dominated army reacted violently, staging a revolt led by Minister of War Ahmed Urabi, self-styled el-Masri ('the Egyptian'), against the Khedive, the Turko-Circassian elite, and the European stronghold. The revolt was a military failure and British forces occupied Egypt in 1882. Technically, Egypt was still part of the Ottoman Empire with the Mohammed Ali family ruling the country, though now with British supervision and according to British directives. The Egyptian army was disbanded and a smaller army commanded by British officers was installed in its place.

Liberal age[link]

Egyptian self-government, education, and the continued plight of Egypt's peasant majority deteriorated most significantly under British occupation. Slowly, an organized national movement for independence began to form. In its beginnings, it took the form of an Azhar-led religious reform movement that was more concerned with the social conditions of Egyptian society. It gathered momentum between 1882 and 1906, ultimately leading to a resentment against European occupation. Sheikh Muhammad Abduh, the son of a Delta farmer who was briefly exiled for his participation in the Urabi revolt and a future Azhar Mufti, was its most notable advocate. Abduh called for a reform of Egyptian Muslim society and formulated the modernist interpretations of Islam that took hold among younger generations of Egyptians. Among these were Mustafa Kamil and Ahmed Lutfi el-Sayed, the architects of modern Egyptian nationalism. Mustafa Kamil had been a student activist in the 1890s involved in the creation of a secret nationalist society that called for British evacuation from Egypt. He was famous for coining the popular expression, "If I had not been an Egyptian, I would have wished to become one."

Egyptian nationalist sentiment reached a high point after the 1906 Dinshaway Incident, when following an altercation between a group of British soldiers and Egyptian farmers, four of the farmers were hanged while others were condemned to public flogging. Dinshaway, a watershed in the history of Egyptian anti-colonial resistance, galvanized Egyptian opposition against the British, culminating in the founding of the first two political parties in Egypt: the secular, liberal ''Umma'' (the Nation, 1907) headed by Ahmed Lutfi el-Sayed, and the more radical, pro-Islamic ''Watani'' Party (National Party, 1908) headed by Mustafa Kamil. Lutfi was born to a family of farmers in the Delta province of Daqahliya in 1872. He was educated at al-Azhar where he attended lectures by Mohammed Abduh. Abduh came to have a profound influence on Lutfi's reformist thinking in later years. In 1907, he founded the Umma Party newspaper, el-Garida, whose statement of purpose read: "El-Garida is a purely Egyptian party which aims to defend Egyptian interests of all kinds."

Both the People and National parties came to dominate Egyptian politics until World War I, but the new leaders of the national movement for independence following four arduous years of war (in which Great Britain declared Egypt a British protectorate) were closer to the secular, liberal principles of Ahmed Lutfi el-Sayed and the People's Party. Prominent among these was Saad Zaghlul who led the new movement through the Wafd Party. Saad Zaghlul held several ministerial positions before he was elected to the Legislative Assembly and organized a mass movement demanding an end to the British Protectorate. He garnered such massive popularity among the Egyptian people that he came to be known as 'Father of the Egyptians'. When on March 8, 1919 the British arrested Zaghlul and his associates and exiled them to Malta, the Egyptian people staged their first modern revolution. Demonstrations and strikes across Egypt became such a daily occurrence that normal life was brought to a halt.

The Wafd Party drafted a new Constitution in 1923 based on a parliamentary representative system. Saad Zaghlul became the first popularly elected Prime Minister of Egypt in 1924. Egyptian independence at this stage was provisional, as British forces continued to be physically present on Egyptian soil. In 1936, the Anglo-Egyptian Treaty was concluded. New forces that came to prominence were the Muslim Brotherhood and the radical Young Egypt Party. In 1920, Banque Misr (Bank of Egypt) was founded by Talaat Pasha Harb as "an Egyptian bank for Egyptians only", which restricted shareholding to native Egyptians and helped finance various new Egyptian-owned businesses.

Under the parliamentary monarchy, Egypt reached the peak of its modern intellectual Renaissance that was started by Rifa'a el-Tahtawy nearly a century earlier. Among those who set the intellectual tone of a newly independent Egypt, in addition to Muhammad Abduh and Ahmed Lutfi el-Sayed, were Qasim Amin, Muhammad Husayn Haykal, Taha Hussein, Abbas el-'Akkad, Tawfiq el-Hakeem, and Salama Moussa. They delineated a liberal outlook for their country expressed as a commitment to individual freedom, secularism, an evolutionary view of the world and faith in science to bring progress to human society. This period was looked upon with fondness by future generations of Egyptians as a Golden Age of Egyptian liberalism, openness, and an Egypt-centered attitude that put the country's interests center stage.

When Egyptian novelist and Nobel Prize laureate Naguib Mahfouz died in 2006, many Egyptians felt that perhaps the last of the Greats of Egypt's golden age had passed away. In his dialogues with close associate and journalist Mohamed Salmawy, published as ''Mon Égypte'', Mahfouz had this to say:

Republic[link]

Increased involvement by King Farouk in parliamentary affairs, government corruption, and the widening gap between the country's rich and poor led to the eventual toppling of the monarchy and the dissolution of the parliament through a ''coup d'état'' by a group of army officers in 1952. The Egyptian Republic was declared on June 18, 1953 with General Muhammad Naguib as the first President of the Republic. After Naguib was forced to resign in 1954 and later put under house arrest by Gamal Abdel Nasser, the real architect of the 1952 movement, mass protests by Egyptians erupted against the forced resignation of what became a popular symbol of the new régime. Nasser assumed power as President and began a nationalization process that initially had profound effects on the socioeconomic strata of Egyptian society. According to one historian, "Egypt had, for the first time since 343 BC, been ruled not by a Macedonian Greek, nor a Roman, nor an Arab, nor a Turk, but by an Egyptian."

Nasser nationalized the Suez Canal leading to the 1956 Suez Crisis. Egypt became increasingly involved in regional affairs until three years after the 1967 Six Day War, in which Egypt lost the Sinai to Israel, Nasser died and was succeeded by Anwar Sadat. Sadat revived an ''Egypt Above All'' orientation, switched Egypt's Cold War allegiance from the Soviet Union to the United States, expelling Soviet advisors in 1972, and launched the Infitah economic reform policy. Like his predecessor, he also clamped down on religious and leftist opposition alike. Egyptians fought one last time in the 1973 October War in an attempt to liberate Egyptian territories captured by Israel six years earlier. The October War presented Sadat with a political victory that later allowed him to regain the Sinai. In 1977, Sadat made a historic visit to Israel leading to the signing of the 1978 peace treaty, which was supported by the vast majority of Egyptians, in exchange for the complete Israeli withdrawal from Sinai. Sadat was finally assassinated in Cairo by a fundamentalist soldier in 1981, and was succeeded by Hosni Mubarak.

President Mohamed Hosni Mubarak was President of the Republic from October 14, 1981 to February 11, 2011 when he resigned under pressure of popular protest. Although power was ostensibly organized under a multi-party semi-presidential system, in practice it rested almost solely with the President. In late February 2005, for the first time since the 1952 coup d'état, the Egyptian people had an apparent chance to elect a leader from a list of various candidates, most prominently Ayman Nour. Most Egyptians today were skeptical about the process of democratization and feared that power might ultimately be transferred to the President's first son, Gamal Mubarak.

In 2003, the Egyptian Movement for Change or simply ''Kefaya'' (Arabic for "Enough!") was founded as a grassroots mobilization of Egyptians seeking a return to democracy, a transparent government and greater equality and freedom.

After the resignation of Hosni Mubarak presidential powers were transferred to the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces. As of February 12 little is known about how the Council will exercise power or transfer it to other institutions.

Culture[link]

Egyptian culture boasts five millennia of recorded history. Ancient Egypt was among the earliest and greatest civilizations during which the Egyptians maintained a strikingly complex and stable culture that influenced later cultures of Europe, the Near East and Africa. After the Pharaonic era, the Egyptians themselves came under the influence of Hellenism, Christianity and Islamic culture. Today, many aspects of ancient Egyptian culture exist in interaction with newer elements, including the influence of modern Western culture, itself influenced by Ancient Egypt.

Surnames[link]

Today, Egyptians carry names that have Egyptian, Greek, Arabic, Turkish, English and French origins, among others. The concept of a surname is lacking in Egypt. Rather, Egyptians tend to carry their father's name as their first middle name, and stop at the 2nd or 3rd first name, which thus becomes one's surname. In this manner, surnames continuously change with generations, as first names of 4th or 5th generations get dropped.

It is not entirely unusual for families of Egyptian origin (especially Coptic ones) to have names or family names beginning with the Egyptian masculine possessive pronoun ''pa'' (generally ''ba'' in Arabic, which lost the phoneme in the course of developing from Proto-Semitic). For example, Bayoumi (variations: Baioumi, Bayoumi, Baioumy) - meaning "of the sea", i.e. Lower Egyptian - Bashandi, Bakhoum ("the eagle"), Bekhit, Bahur ("of Horus") and Banoub ("of Anubis"). The name Shenouda, which is very common among Copts, means "slave of God". Hence, names and many toponyms may end with ''-nouda'' or ''-nuti'', which means ''Of God'' in Egyptian and Coptic. In addition, Egyptian families often derive their name from places in Egypt, such as Minyawi from Minya and Suyuti from Asyut; or from one of the local Sufi orders such as el-Shazli and el-Sawy.

With the adoption of Christianity and eventually Islam, Egyptians began to take on names associated with these religions. Many Egyptian surnames also became Hellenized and Arabized, meaning they were altered to sound Greek or Arabic. This was done by the addition of the Greek suffix ''-ios'' to Egyptian names; for example, Pakhom to Pakhomios; or by adding the Arabic definite article ''el'' to names such as Baymoui to el-Bayoumi. Names starting with the Egyptian affix ''pu'' ("of the place of") were sometimes Arabized to ''abu'' ("father of"); for example, Busiri ("of the place of Osiris") occasionally became Abusir and al-Busiri. Some people might also have surnames like el-Shamy ("the Levantine") indicating a possible Levantine origin, or Dewidar indicating an Ottoman-Mamluk remnant. Conversely, some Levantines might carry the surname el-Masri ("the Egyptian") suggesting a possible Egyptian extraction. The Egyptian peasantry, the fellahin, are more likely to retain indigenous names given their relative isolation throughout the Egyptian people's history.

With French influence, names like Mounier, Pierre, and many others became common.

Genetic history[link]

Beginning in the predynastic period, some differences between the populations of Upper and Lower Egypt were ascertained through their skeletal remains, suggesting a gradual clinal pattern north to south.

When Lower and Upper Egypt were unified ''c''. 3150 BC, the distinction began to blur, resulting in a more homogeneous population in Egypt, though the distinction remains true to some degree to this day. Some biological anthropologists such as Shomarka Keita believe the range of variability to be primarily indigenous and not necessarily the result of significant intermingling of widely divergent peoples. Keita describes the northern and southern patterns of the early predynastic period as "northern-Egyptian-Maghreb" and "tropical African variant" (overlapping with Nubia/Kush) respectively. He shows that a progressive change in Upper Egypt toward the northern Egyptian pattern takes place through the predynastic period. The southern pattern continues to predominate in Abydos, Upper Egypt by the First Dynasty, but "lower Egyptian, Maghrebian, and European patterns are observed also, thus making for great diversity."

A 2006 bioarchaeological study on the dental morphology of ancient Egyptians by Prof. Joel Irish shows dental traits characteristic of indigenous North Africans and to a lesser extent Southwest Asian and southern European populations. Among the samples included in the study is skeletal material from the Hawara tombs of Fayum, which clustered very closely with the Badarian series of the predynastic period. All the samples, particularly those of the Dynastic period, were significantly divergent from a neolithic West Saharan sample from Lower Nubia. Biological continuity was also found intact from the dynastic to the post-pharaonic periods. According to Irish:

[The Egyptian] samples [996 mummies] exhibit morphologically simple, mass-reduced dentitions that are similar to those in populations from greater North Africa (Irish, 1993, 1998a–c, 2000) and, to a lesser extent, western Asia and Europe (Turner, 1985a; Turner and Markowitz, 1990; Roler, 1992; Lipschultz, 1996; Irish, 1998a). Similar craniofacial measurements among samples from these regions were reported as well (Brace et al., 1993)... an inspection of MMD values reveals no evidence of increasing phenetic distance between samples from the first and second halves of this almost 3,000-year-long period. For example, phenetic distances between First-Second Dynasty Abydos and samples from Fourth Dynasty Saqqara (MMD ¼ 0.050), 11-12th Dynasty Thebes (0.000), 12th Dynasty Lisht (0.072), 19th Dynasty Qurneh (0.053), and 26th–30th Dynasty Giza (0.027) do not exhibit a directional increase through time... Thus, despite increasing foreign influence after the Second Intermediate Period, not only did Egyptian culture remain intact (Lloyd, 2000a), but the people themselves, as represented by the dental samples, appear biologically constant as well... Gebel Ramlah [Neolithic Nubian/Western Desert sample] is, in fact, significantly different from Badari based on the 22-trait MMD (Table 4). For that matter, the Neolithic Western Desert sample is significantly different from all others [but] is closest to predynastic and early dynastic samples.

A group of noted physical anthropologists conducted craniofacial studies of Egyptian skeletal remains and concluded similarly that "the Egyptians have been in place since back in the Pleistocene and have been largely unaffected by either invasions or migrations. As others have noted, Egyptians are Egyptians, and they were so in the past as well."

Genetic analysis of modern Egyptians reveals that they have paternal lineages common to indigenous North-East Africans, populations primarily, and to Near Eastern peoples to a lesser extent—these lineages would have spread during the Neolithic and maintained by the predynastic period. Studies based on maternal lineages also link Egyptians with people from modern Eritrea/Ethiopia such as the Tigre, who are characterized by haplogroup M1 believed to have originated in West Asia, North Africa, or East Africa

University of Chicago Egyptologist Frank Yurco confirmed this finding of historical and regional continuity, saying:

Certainly there was some foreign admixture [in Egypt], but basically a homogeneous African population had lived in the Nile Valley from ancient to modern times... [the] Badarian people, who developed the earliest Predynastic Egyptian culture, already exhibited the mix of North African and Sub-Saharan physical traits that have typified Egyptians ever since (Hassan 1985; Yurco 1989; Trigger 1978; Keita 1990; Brace et al., this volume)... The peoples of Egypt, the Sudan, and much of East Africa, Ethiopia and Somalia are now generally regarded as a Nilotic (i.e. Nile River) continuity, with widely ranging physical features (complexions light to dark, various hair and craniofacial types) but with powerful common cultural traits, including cattle pastoralist traditions (Trigger 1978; Bard, Snowden, this volume). Language research suggests that this Saharan-Nilotic population became speakers of the Afro-Asiatic languages... Semitic was evidently spoken by Saharans who crossed the Red Sea into Arabia and became ancestors of the Semitic speakers there, possibly around 7000 BC... In summary we may say that Egypt was distinct North African culture rooted in the Nile Valley and on the Sahara.

References[link]

Further reading[link]

See also[link]

Egypt

Ancient Egypt

Ancient Egyptian race controversy

Culture of Egypt

Demographics of Egypt

Nubian people

*Mohamed Hussein Tantawi

Copts

List of Egyptians

Egyptian athletes

Egyptian Americans

Egyptian Australians

Egyptian British

Religion in Egypt

Category:Ancient peoples Category:Egyptian people Category:Egyptian society Category:Ethnic groups in Egypt Category:Ethnic groups in the Middle East

ar:مصريون ko:이집트인 hr:Egipćani id:Bangsa Mesir ka:ეგვიპტელები arz:مصريين ja:エジプト民族 pl:Starożytni Egipcjanie ru:Египтяне sr:Египћани sh:Egipćani tr:Mısırlılar uk:Єгипетські араби zh:埃及人

__NOTOC__ This is a list of ancient Egyptian people who have articles on Wikipedia. The list covers key ancient Egyptian individuals from the start of the first dynasty until the end of the ancient Egyptian nation when the Ptolemaic Dynasty ended and Egypt became a province of Rome in 30 BC.

Note that the dates given are approximate. The list presented below is based on the conventional chronology of Ancient Egypt, mostly based on the Digital Egypt for Universities database developed by the Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology.

A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q - R - S - T - U - V - W - X - Y - Z

A[link]

!style="width: 150px;" 14th dynasty Queen Queen Military commander Diplomat Mistress Minister Queen Queen Queen Scribe Pharaoh Princess Queen King's son High Priest of Re Military Commander Prince Princess Princess / Queen Princess / Queen Princess Princess / Queen Princess Princess / Queen Military Commander Prince Princess Viceroy of Kush Princess / Queen Princess Viceroy of Kush Pharaoh King of Kush King of Kush Prince King of Kush King of Kush Pharaoh Pharaoh Pharaoh Pharaoh Pharaoh Pharaoh Pharaoh High Priest of Amun Prince Prince Prince Vizier Pharaoh Pharaoh Prince Princess Viceroy of Kush Scribe Pharaoh Pharaoh Pharaoh Pharaoh Architect High Priest of Amun High Priest of Amun Prince High steward of Memphis Vizier Noble Woman God's Wife of Amun Divine Adoratrice of Amun Pharaoh Noble man Prince Vizier Vizier Pharaoh Prince Prince Pharaoh King of Kush Pharaoh Second Prophet of Amun Viceroy of Kush Priest of Monthu High Priest of Ptah Prince Queen Princess Queen Queen Queen Queen Prince, Vizier Official Local King Prince, Vizier God's Wife of Amun Prince Nomarch of Hierakonpolis Vizier King of Kush Pharaoh Vizier Pharaoh King of Kush Regent, Minister Queen Queen Queen Queen Queen High Priest of Ptah High Priest of Ptah King of Kush Queen King of Kush Pharaoh Queen

Name !	style="width: 100px;"|Main Title !! style="width: 90px;"|Dynasty !!align="center" style="width: 150px;"|Date!! |Comment
Aahotepre	Pharaoh	|	(fl. c. mid-17th century BC)	A minor Hyksos pharaoh from the 14th dynasty. Also known as Ammu Ahotepre.
Aat (queen)	Aat	|	12th dynasty	(fl. c. late-19th century BC)	Queen and wife of Amenemhat III.
Abar (Queen)	Abar	|	25th dynasty	(fl. c. mid-8th century BC)	A Nubian queen, the mother of King Taharqa and probably the wife of King Piye.
Achillas	|	Ptolemaic	(fl. mid-1st century BC)	Commander under the Ptolemaic Egyptian king Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator
[[Addaya	|	18th dynasty	(fl. c. mid-14th century BC)	Egyptian commissioner in southern Canaan mentioned in the Amarna letters. He probably served under Pharaohs Amenhotep III and/or Akhenaten.
Agathoclea	|	Ptolemaic	(fl. c. late-3rd century BC)	Ptolemy IV Philopator and sister of his chief minister, Agathocles of Egypt>Agathocles. Together, they managed to achieve complete influence over Ptolemy IV.
Agathocles of Egypt	Agathocles	|	Ptolemaic	(fl. c. late-3rd century BC)	Chief minister of the Ptolemaic king Ptolemy IV Philopator and brother of the king's mistress Agathoclea. Together, they managed to achieve complete influence over Ptolemy IV.
Ahaneith	|	1st dynasty	(fl. c. 30th century BC)	Wife of King Djet
Ahhotep I	|	17th dynasty	(fl. c. mid-16th century BC)	A daughter of Queen Tetisheri and Senakhtenre Tao I, and was probably the sister, as well as the wife, of pharaoh Seqenenre Tao II. Ahhotep reigned as regent until her son, Ahmose I, was of age. Also known as Ahhotpe or Aahhotep.
Ahhotep II	|	17th dynasty	(fl. c. mid-16th century BC)	Probably the Great Royal Wife of pharaoh Kamose.
Ahmes	|	17th dynasty	(fl. c. mid-17th century BC)	He wrote the Rhind Mathematical Papyrus, a work of Ancient Egyptian mathematics. Also called Ahmose.
Ahmose I	|	18th dynasty	(reigned c. 1549 BC – c. 1524 BC)	Founder of the 18th dynasty. He was a son of pharaoh Seqenenre Tao II and brother of the last pharaoh of the seventeenth dynasty, Kamose. During his reign, he completed the conquest and expulsion of the Hyksos from the delta region and restored Theban rule over the whole of Egypt.
Ahmose (princess)	Ahmose	|	17th dynasty	(fl. c. mid-16th century BC)	A daughter of pharaoh Seqenenre Tao II by his sister-wife Sitdjehuti. Ahmose was a half-sister of Pharaoh Ahmose I.
Queen Ahmose	Ahmose	|	18th dynasty	(fl. c. mid-16th century BC)	Wife of 18th dynasty pharaoh, Thutmose I, and the mother of queen and later, pharaoh, Hatshepsut.
Ahmose (18th dynasty)	Ahmose	|	18th dynasty	(fl. c. late 15th century BC)	Probably a son of pharaoh Amenhotep II. He was in office as High Priest of Re in Heliopolis during the reign of his brother Thutmose IV.
Ahmose, son of Ebana	|	17th/18th dynasty	(fl. c. mid to late-16th century BC)	Served in the Egyptian military under the 17th and 18th dynasty pharaohs Seqenenre Tao II, Ahmose I, Amenhotep I, and Thutmose I.
Ahmose-ankh	|	18th dynasty	(fl. c. mid-16th century BC)	A son of Pharaoh Ahmose I and queen Ahmose Nefertari. He was the crown prince but pre-deceased his father.
Ahmose-Henutemipet	|	17th/18th dynasty	(fl. c. late-16th century BC)	A daughter of Pharaoh Seqenenre Tao II and probably Queen Ahhotep I. She was the sister of Ahmose I.
Ahmose-Henuttamehu	|	17th/18th dynasty	(fl. c. late-16th century BC)	Daughter of 17th dynasty pharaoh Seqenenre Tao II by his sister-wife Ahmose-Inhapi. She was probably married to her half-brother Pharaoh Ahmose I. Ahmose-Henuttamehu was a half-sister to queen Ahmose-Nefertari.
Ahmose-Inhapi	|	17th dynasty	(fl. c. mid-16th century BC)	A daughter of Pharaoh Senakhtenre Tao I and was sister to Pharaoh Seqenenre Tao II, and the queens Ahhotep I and Sitdjehuti. She was married to her (half-)brother Seqenenre Tao II and they had a daughter, Ahmose-Henuttamehu.
Ahmose-Meritamon (17th dynasty)	Ahmose-Meritamon	|	17th dynasty	(fl. c. late-16th century BC)	Seqenenre Tao II. Her mummy was found in the DB320>Deir el-Bahri cache and is now in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo.
Ahmose-Meritamun	|	18th dynasty	(fl. c. late-16th century BC)	Daughter of Ahmose I and Ahmose Nefertari, and was queen of her brother Amenhotep I.
Ahmose-Nebetta	|	17th dynasty	(fl. c. mid-16th century BC)	Probably the daughter of Seqenenre Tao II and a sister of Ahmose I.
Ahmose Nefertari	|	17th/18th dynasty	(fl. c. mid to late-16th century BC)	A daughter of Seqenenre Tao II and Ahhotep I, and royal sister and the wife of pharaoh Ahmose I. Following Ahmose I's death, Ahmose-Nefertari became the regent for her son Amenhotep I and ruled until he was old enough to rule on his own.
Ahmose Pen-Nekhebet	|	18th dynasty	(fl. c. late-16th to early-15th century BC)	An Egyptian official and military commander who started his career under Ahmose I and served all subsequent pharaohs until Thutmose III.
Ahmose Sapair	|	17th dynasty	(fl. c. mid-16th century BC)	Probably a son of Pharaoh Seqenenre Tao II and a brother of Ahmose I.
Ahmose-Sitamun	|	18th dynasty	(fl. c. late-16th century BC)	The daughter of Pharaoh Ahmose I and sister of Amenhotep I. A colossal statue of hers stood before the eighth pylon at Karnak.
Ahmose called Si-Tayit	|	18th dynasty	(fl. c. late-16th century BC)	Viceroy of Kush during the reign of Ahmose I. Possibly the first Viceroy to serve in that capacity. Early in the reign of Amenhotep I, the position passed from Si-Tayit to his son Ahmose called Turo.
Ahmose-Sitkamose	|	17th/18th dynasty	(fl. c. late-16th century BC)	Probably the daughter of Pharaoh Kamose. She probably married Ahmose I. Also called Sitkamose.
Ahmose-Tumerisy	|	17th dynasty	(fl. c. mid-16th century BC)	Probably a daughter of pharaoh Seqenenre Tao II and a sister of Ahmose I.
Ahmose called Turo	|	18th dynasty	(fl. c. late-16th century BC)	Viceroy of Kush under Amenhotep I and Tuthmosis I. Son of Ahmose called Si-Tayit.
Akhenaten	|	18th dynasty	(reigned c. 1353 BC – c. 1336 BC)	Was known before the 5th year of his reign as Amenhotep IV (or Amenophis IV). He abandoned traditional Egyptian polytheism and introducing worship centered on Aten. Also called Echnaton or Akhenaton.
Akhraten	|		(reigned c. 350 BC – c. 335 BC)	Possibly a son of Harsiotef and a brother of Nastasen. Akhraten may have been succeeded by Nastasen.
Alara of Nubia	|		(fl. c. early-8th century BC)	The founder of the Napatan royal dynasty and was the first recorded prince of Nubia. He unified all of Upper Nubia from Meroë to the Third Cataract. His successors would comprise the 25th Dynasty of Egypt.
Alexander Helios	|	Ptolemaic	(40 BC – c. 29 BC)	Eldest son of queen Cleopatra VII and Roman triumvir Mark Antony.
Amanibakhi	|		(fl. c. mid-4th century BC)	Kushite King of Meroe. The successor of Akhraten and the predecessor of Nastasen.
Amanineteyerike	|		(fl. c. late-5th century BC)	Kushite King of Meroe. The son of King Malewiebamani, and brother of Baskakeren. His predecessor Talakhamani was either an older brother or an uncle. His name is also written as Amanneteyerike, Aman-nete-yerike, or Irike-Amannote.
Amasis II	|	26th dynasty	(reigned c. 570 BC – c. 526 BC)	Based at Sais and the successor to Apries. Under Amasis II, Egypt's agricultural based economy reached its zenith. He was able to defeat an invasion of Egypt by the Babylonian king Nebuchadrezzar II. Also called Ahmose II.
Amenemhat I	|	12th dynasty	(reigned c. 1991 BC – c. 1962 BC)	The first ruler of the 12th dynasty. Amenemhat I was a vizier of his predecessor Mentuhotep IV. He moved the capital from Thebes to Itjtawy.
Amenemhat II	|	12th dynasty	(reigned c. 1929 BC – c. 1895 BC)	The third pharaoh of the 12th dynasty of Egypt. He was the son of Senusret I through the latter's chief wife, Queen Neferu III.
Amenemhat III	|	12th dynasty	(reigned c. 1860 BC – c. 1814 BC)	Sixth king of the 12th dynasty. Son of Senusret III.
Amenemhat IV	|	12th dynasty	(reigned c. 1815 BC – c. 1806 BC)	Seventh king of the 12th dynasty. Possibly a son of Amenemhat III.
Sekhemkare	Amenemhat V Sekhemkare	|	13th dynasty	(fl. c. early 18th century BC)	An Egyptian king of the 13th Dynasty. He appears as 'Sekhemkare' in the Turin King List.
Amenemhet VI	|	13th dynasty	(fl. c. mid-18th century BC)	The seventh king of the Thirteenth Dynasty according to the Turin Canon.
Amenemhat (High Priest of Amun)	Amenemhat	|	18th dynasty	(fl. c. late-15th century BC)	High Priest of Amun during the reign of pharaoh Amenhotep II.
Amenemhat (son of Thutmose III)	Amenemhat	|	18th dynasty	(fl. c. mid-15th century BC)	Son of Pharaoh Thutmose III. He was the eldest son and appointed heir but predeceased his father.
Amenemhat (son of Thutmose IV)	Amenemhat	|	18th dynasty	(fl. c. early-14th century BC)	The son of Pharaoh Thutmose IV. He died young and was buried in his father's tomb.
Amenemhatankh	|	12th dynasty	(fl. c. early 19th century BC)	A son of Amenemhat II.
Amenemipet called Pairy	|	18th dynasty	(fl. c. late-15th century BC)	He served during the reigns of Amenhotep II and Thutmose IV.
Amenemnisu	|	21st dynasty	(reigned c. 1051 BC – c. 1047 BC)	Second pharaoh of the 21st dynasty. Only ruled 4 years.
Amenemope (pharaoh)	Amenemope	|	21st dynasty	(reigned c. 1001 BC – c. 992 BC)	Psusennes I and Queen Mutnedjmet (21st dynasty)>Mutnedjemet. He was the successor to his father, and after ca. 9 years of rule he was succeeded by Osorkon the Elder. AMenemope was buried in Tanis.
Amenemopet (prince)	Amenemopet	|	18th dynasty	(fl. c. late-15th century BC)	He was probably a son of Amenhotep II. Known from stela from Giza, and possibly depicted on the stela of the royal nurse Senetruiu.
Amenemopet (princess)	Amenemopet	|	18th dynasty	(fl. c. early-14th century BC)	She was probably a daughter of Thutmose IV. Buried with other royal princesses in the Sheikh Abd el-Qurna cache.
Amenemopet (Viceroy of Kush)	Amenemopet	|	19th dynasty	(fl. c. early-13th century BC)	Served as Viceroy of Kush during the reign of the 19th dynasty pharaoh Seti I.
Amenemope (author)	Amenemope	|	Ramesside	(fl. c. late-12th century BC)	Amenemope, son of Kanakht, is thought to be the author of the ''Instruction of Amenemope'', an Egyptian text written in the Ramesside Period. His discourses are presented in the traditional form of instructions from father to son on how to live a good and moral life.
Amenhotep I	|	18th dynasty	(reigned c. 1526 BC – c. 1506 BC)	The second pharaoh of the 18th dynasty of Egypt. He was the son of Ahmose I and queen Ahmose-Nefertari. He inherited an enlarged kingdom formed by his father's military conquests and maintained dominance over Nubia and the Nile Delta. Also called ''Amenophis I'''.
Amenhotep II	|	18th dynasty	(reigned c. 1427 BC – c. 1400 BC)	The son of Thutmose III and Queen Merytre-Hatshepsut. Also called ''Amenophis II'''.
Amenhotep III	|	18th dynasty	(reigned c. 1391 BC – c. 1353 BC)	The son of Thutmose IV and queen Mutemwia. His lengthy reign was a period of unprecedented prosperity and artistic splendour, when Egypt reached the peak of her artistic and international power. Also called ''Amenophis III'''.
Amenhotep IV (see Akhenaten)	|	18th dynasty		Son of Amenhotep III and Queen Tiye. Changed his name to Akhenaten in the 4th year of his reign.
Amenhotep, son of Hapu	|	18th dynasty	(fl. c. mid-14th century BC)	Amenhotep, son of Hapu, was an architect, a priest, a scribe, and a public official, who held a number of offices under Pharaoh Amenhotep III.
Amenhotep, Priest of Amun (18th Dynasty)	Amenhotep	|	18th dynasty	(fl. c. mid-15th century BC)	A High Priest in the Temple of Amun.
Amenhotep, Priest of Amun	Amenhotep	|	20th dynasty	(fl. c. late-12th century BC)	High priest of Amun under the 20th dynasty pharaohs Ramesses IX to Ramesses XI. He was also the vizier and first prophet of Amun-resonther.
Amenhotep (prince)	Amenhotep	|	18th dynasty	(fl. c. late-15th century BC)	A son and possibly the designated heir of Amenhotep II.
Amenhotep (Huy)	Amenhotep Huy	|	18th dynasty	(fl. c. mid-14th century BC)	Amenhotep-Huy was the high steward of Memphis under Amenhotep III. He was one of the highest officials at the royal court.
Amenhotep-Huy	|	18th dynasty	(fl. c. mid-14th century BC)	He served during the reign of the 18th dynasty pharaoh Amenhotep III. He was also director of Upper and Lower Egypt and overseer of all the works of the King in Upper and Lower Egypt.
Amenia (wife of Horemheb)	Amenia	|	18th dynasty	(fl. c. late-14th century BC)	The first wife of the pharaoh Horemheb, the last ruler of the 18th dynasty. Amenia died before Horemheb became Pharaoh. Buried in Saqqara.
Amenirdis I	Amenirdis I Khaneferumut	|	25th dynasty	(fl. c. 714 BC – c. 700 BC)	She was a Kushite princess, daughter of Pharaoh Kashta and Queen Pebatjma.
Amenirdis II	|	25th dynasty	(fl. c. 650 BC – c. 640 BC)	A daughter of the Kushite pharaoh Taharqa and was adopted by Shepenupet II, daughter of Piye, to become Divine Adoratrice of Amun.
Amenmesse	|	19th dynasty	(reigned c.1202 BC – c.1199 BC)	Possibly the son of Pharaoh Merneptah and Queen Takhat. Amenmesse likely usurped the throne from Seti II, Merneptah's son. The two may have ruled as rivals until Seti II defeated Amenmesse. Also called Amenmesses or Amenmose.
Amenmose (TT42)	Amenmose	|	18th dynasty	(fl. c. mid-15th century BC)	He was an Egyptian noble who lived during the reigns of the Pharaohs Thutmose III and Amenhotep II.
Amenmose (prince)	Amenmose	|	18th dynasty	(fl. c. late-16th century BC)	The eldest son and designated heir of Thutmose I. He predeceased his father.
Amenmose (Vizier)	Amenmose	|	19th dynasty	(fl. c. late-13th century BC)	Vizier of Egypt during the reigns of the Pharaohs Amenmesse and Seti II.
Amethu called Ahmose	|	18th dynasty	(fl. c. mid-15th century BC)	He held this position during the reigns of the Pharaohs Thutmose II and Hatshepsut and during the early years of the reign of Thutmose III.
Ameny Qemau	|	13th dynasty	(fl. c. mid-18th century BC)	Ameny Qemau ruled during the early 13th dynasty. A pyramid in southern Dahshur was constructed for him. Possibly also known as Sehotepibre.
Amun-her-khepeshef	|	19th dynasty	(fl. c. 1280 BC – c. 1250 BC)	The first-born son of the 19th dynasty Pharaoh Ramesses II and Queen Nefertari. He was the crown prince of Egypt but predeceased his father. His name is also written as Amonhirkhopshef'' and earlier in his life as Amun-her-wenemef'''.
Amun-her-khepeshef (20th dynasty)	Amun-her-khepeshef	|	20th dynasty	(fl. c. early-12th century BC)	The eldest son and appointed heir of the 20th dynasty Pharaoh Ramesses III.
Amyrtaeus of Sais	|	28th dynasty	(reigned 404 BC – 399 BC)	The only king of the 28th dynasty of Egypt who ruled after the first Persian occupation of Egypt. Amyrtaeus started a revolt against Darius II of Persia in 411 BC and following the death of Darius declared himself king. Amyrtaeus was defeated in a battle with his successor, Nepherites I of Mendes, and executed. Also known as Amenirdisu of Sais.
Analmaye	|		(fl. c. mid-6th century BC)	He succeeded King Malonaqen and was in turn succeeded by King Amaninatakilebte.
Anedjib	|	1st dynasty	(fl. c. 30th century BC)	Den (Pharaoh)>Den.
Anen	|	18th dynasty	(fl. c. mid-15th century BC)	Anen was the brother of Queen Tiye, the wife of Amenhotep III.
Anhotep	|	19th dynasty	(fl. c. 13th century BC)	Viceroy of Kush during the reign of Ramesses II.
Ankh-ef-en-Khonsu i	|	25th/26th dynasty	(fl. c. mid-8th century BC)	He is best known under the name of Ankh-af-na-khonsu, and as the dedicant of the so-called Stela of Revealing
Ankhefensekhmet	|	21st dynasty	(fl. c. mid-10th century BC)	He probably served during the reigns of king Psusennes II and king Shoshenq I.
Ankherfenedjef	|	4th dynasty	(fl. c. 26th century BC)	He was a son of Nefermaat, the eldest son of pharaoh Sneferu, and of Itet.
Ankhesenamen	|	18th dynasty	(fl. c. late-14th century BC)	Named Ankhesenpaaten at her birth, she was a daughter of the Egyptian Pharaoh Akhenaten and Nefertiti and became queen to her (half-) brother Tutankhamun. Following their marriage, the couple honored the deities of the restored religion by changing their names to Tutankhamun and Ankhesenamen.
Ankhesenpaaten Tasherit	|	18th dynasty	(fl. c. mid-14th century BC)	She was probably the daughter of Ankhesenamun (who was named Ankhesenpaaten as a princess) and Akhenaten.
Ankhesenpepi I	|	6th dynasty	(fl. c. 24th century BC)	Pepi I. Ankhesenpepi was a daughter of Nebet, the female Vizier (Ancient Egypt)>vizier, and her husband Khui. Also called Ankhenesmeryre I.
Ankhesenpepi II	|	6th dynasty	(fl. c. 23rd century BC)	Nebet, the female Vizier (Ancient Egypt)>vizier, and her husband Khui. Ankhesenpepi II was married to Pharaoh Pepi I and later was a queen to Merenre Nemtyemsaf I. Also called Ankhenesmeryre II.
Ankhesenpepi III	|	6th dynasty	(fl. c. 23rd century BC)	She was a daughter of Nemtyemsaf I and she became the wife of Pepi II.
Ankhesenpepi IV	|	6th dynasty	(fl. c. 23rd century BC)	Queen of Pharaoh Pepi II. She was the mother of 7th dynasty king Neferkare II.
Ankhhaf	|	4th dynasty	(fl. c. 26th century BC)	Vizier (Ancient Egypt)>vizier and overseer of works for King Khafra. Ankhhaf was a son of pharaoh Sneferu.
Ankhkherednefer	|	22nd dynasty	(fl. c. mid-9th century BC)	He served under pharaoh Osorkon II. His name is also written as Ankhrenepnefer and Ankhsherynefer.
Ankhmakis	|	Ptolemaic	(fl. early 2nd century BC)	He was the second king (reigned c.199 BC – c.185 BC) of a dynasty which controlled much of Upper Egypt during the reigns of the Egyptian kings Ptolemy IV Philopator
[[Ankhmare	|	4th dynasty	(fl. c. 26th century BC)	Khafre. Served as Vizier (Ancient Egypt)>vizier.
Ankhnesneferibre	|	26th dynasty	(fl. c.mid-6th century BC)	Ankhnesneferibre was the daughter of Psamtik II and his wife Takhuit. She governed Thebes until the Persian conquest of Egypt in 525 BC.
Ankhreshet	|	4th dynasty	(fl. c. 26th century BC)	A son of Nefermaat, the eldest son of pharaoh Sneferu, and of Itet. His name is also written as Ankhersheretef.
Ankhtifi	|	10th/11th dynasty	(fl. c. 22nd century BC)	He was the nomarch of Hierakonpolis and a supporter of the Herakleopolitan based 10th dynasty which was locked in conflict with the Theban based 11th Dynasty kings for control of Egypt.
Ankhu	|	13th dynasty	(fl. c. late 18th century BC)	He was vizier during the reigns of King Khendjer and King Sobekhotep II.
Anlamani	|		(reigned c. 620 BC – c. 600 BC).	During his reign, Kush experienced a revival in its power in the region.
Apepi (pharaoh)	Apepi	|	15th dynasty	(fl. c. mid-16th century BC)	He was a ruler of Lower Egypt during the 15th dynasty towards the end of the Second Intermediate Period that was dominated by a foreign dynasty of rulers called the Hyksos. Also known as Ipepi or Apophis.
Aperel	|	18th dynasty	(fl. c. mid-14th century BC)	Also known as Aperia. He was a vizier of Egypt who served during the reigns of the 18th dynasty pharaohs Amenhotep III and Akhenaten.
Apries	Apries Wahibre Haaibre	|	26th dynasty	(reigned c. 589 BC – c. 567 BC)	During his reign, a civil war broke out between Egyptian army troops and foreign mercenaries in the Egyptian army. Egyptians turned for support towards a victorious general, Amasis II, who declared himself pharaoh and Apries fled Egypt.
Aramatle-qo	|		(fl. c. mid-6th century BC)	Also known as Amtalqa, he was a Nubian king who was the son and successor of King Aspelta and Queen Henuttakhbit.
Aristomenes of Alyzia	|	Ptolemaic	(fl. c. early 2nd century BC)	Aristomenes the Acarnanian. He was regent and chief minister of Egypt in the Ptolemaic period during the reign of the boy king Ptolemy V Epiphanes>Ptolemy V. Around 196 BC, Ptolemy V took personal control of his kingdom, but Aristomenes remained chief minister until he was removed from power in 192 BC.
Arsinoe I of Egypt	Arsinoe I	|	Ptolemaic	(c. 305 BC – c. 247 BC)	First wife of Ptolemy II Philadelphus
[[Arsinoe II of Egypt	Arsinoe II	|	Ptolemaic	(316 BC–270 BC)	Queen of Thrace, Asia Minor and Macedonia and wife of King Lysimachus, her half-brother Ptolemy Keraunos and later co-ruler of Egypt with her brother and husband King Ptolemy II Philadelphus.
Arsinoe III of Egypt	Arsinoe III	|	Ptolemaic	(c. 246 BC – 204 BC)	She was a daughter of Ptolemy III Euergetes
[[Arsinoe IV of Egypt	Arsinoe IV	|	Ptolemaic	(c. 68 BC–41 BC)	Ptolemy XII Auletes. Arsinoe IV was a half-sister of Cleopatra VII and Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator>Ptolemy XIII. When Julius Caesar arrived in Alexandria in 48 BC and sided with Cleopatra VII, Arsinoe escaped from Alexandria but was later captured and taken to Rome. She lived in a temple in Ephesus until Cleopatra VIII arranged for Mark Antony to have her murdered.
Artakama	|	Ptolemaic	fl c. 4th century BC	The second wife of Ptolemy I Soter. Artakama married Ptolemy (then a general) in April 324 BC at the Susa marriage festival as ordered by Alexander the Great.
Ashakhet I	|	21st dynasty	(fl. c. mid-11th century BC)	Served as high priest during the reigns of Amenemnisu and possibly Psusennes I.
Ashakhet II	|	21st dynasty	(fl. c. mid-10th century BC)	He served during the reigns of King Siamun and King Psusennes II.
Aspelta	|		(reigned c. 600 BC – c. 580 BC)	A ruler of the kingdom of Kush. Egyptian forces invaded Kush because Pharaoh Psamtik II saw Aspelta as a threat to his authority over Upper Egypt. The capital, Napata, was sacked so Aspelta moved the Nubian capital to Meroë.
Atakhebasken	|	25st dynasty	(fl. c. late 8th century BC)	Also known as Akhetbasaken. She was the queen consort to pharaoh Taharqa.
Atlanersa	|		(reigned c. 656 BC – c. 640 BC)	A Nubian king who was the successor of Tantamani, the last ruler of the 25th Nubian dynasty in Egypt. In contrast to his predecessor, Atlanersa's kingdom was restricted to the region of Kush south of Aswan.
Ay	Ay Kheperkheprure	|	18th dynasty	(reigned c. 1323 BC – c.1319 BC)	The penultimate pharaoh of Egypt's 18th dynasty. He was pharaoh for a brief period, although he was a close advisor to two or three of the pharaohs who reigned before him and was the power behind the throne during Tutankhamun's reign.
Aya (Queen)	Aya	|	13th dynasty	(fl. c. late-18th century BC)	Possibly the wife of the 13th dynasty king Sobekhotep II.

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!style="width: 150px;" 4th dynasty High Priest of Amun Pharaoh Queen King of Kush Prince Chancellor Vizier Pharaoh Queen Royal Sculptor Princess Princess Queen Princess/Queen Queen Queen Queen Queen Queen Queen Prince Queen

Name !	style="width: 100px;"|Main Title !! style="width: 90px;"|Dynasty !!align="center" style="width: 150px;"|Date!! |Comment
Babaef	Vizier	|	(fl. c. 26th century BC)	Also known as Khnumbaf. He was a vizier during the reign of king Shepseskaf. He was probably the son of the vizier Duaenre.
Bakenkhonsu	|	19th dynasty	(c. 1303 BC – c. 1213 BC)	From the time of pharaoh Ramesses II.
Bakenranef	|	24th dynasty	(reigned 725 BC – 720 BC)	Also known as Bocchoris. Was briefly a king of the 24th dynasty of Egypt. Based at Sais in the western Delta. Captured and executed by Shabaka, a king of the 25th dynasty.
Baketwernel	|	20th dynasty	(fl. c. late-12th century BC)	Great Royal Wife of Ramesses IX.
Baskakeren	|		(fl. c. late-5th century BC)	King of Kush (reigned c. 405 BC –c. 404 BC) and was probably a son of King Malewiebamani and the younger brother of King Amanineteyerike. He succeeded Amanineteyerike to the throne.
Baufra	|	4th dynasty	(fl. c. 26th century BC)	Also known as Baufre or Bauefre. Baufra was a son of Pharaoh Khufu.
Chancellor Bay	Bay Irsu	|	19th dynasty	(fl. c. late-13th century BC)	Served under pharaoh Seti II and later became an influential powerbroker in the closing stages of the 19th dynasty. Executed.
Bebi (vizier)	Bebi	|	11th dynasty	fl. c. 21st century BC	Egyptian vizier under king Mentuhotep II.
Bebiankh	|	16th dynasty	fl. c. early-16th century BC	Also known as Seuserenre Bebiankh. The successor of king Semenre.
Behenu	|	6th dynasty	fl. c. 23rd century BC	She is thought to have been the wife of either Pepi I or of Pepi II.
Bek (sculptor)	Bek (or Bak)	|	18th dynasty	fl. c. mid-14th century BC	Chief royal sculptor during the reign of Pharaoh Akhenaten. Bek followed the king to Akhetaten, the city founded by Akhenaten. He oversaw the construction of the great temple statues of the king.
Beketamun	|	18th dynasty	(fl. c. mid-15th century)	Also known as Beket. A daughter of Pharaoh Thutmose III.
Beketaten	|	18th dynasty	(fl. c. mid-14th century BC)	She was the youngest daughter of Pharaoh Amenhotep III and Tiye and thus the sister of Pharaoh Akhenaten.
Benerib	|	1st dynasty	(fl. 31st century BC)	Benerib was most likely a wife of pharaoh Hor-Aha, but she was not the mother of his heir, Djer.
Berenice (Seleucid queen)	Berenice	|	Ptolemaic	(fl. 261 BC – 246 BC)	Also known as Berenice Syra. Daughter of the Egyptian king Ptolemy II Philadelphus and Arsinoe I. She married the Seleucid monarch Antiochus II Theos who divorced his wife, Laodice I. When Antiochus II died, Berenice claimed the regency for her son, Seleucus. However, both Berenice and her son were then killed by Laodice I.
Berenice I of Egypt	Berenice I	|	Ptolemaic	(c. 340 BC – c. 275 BC)	A Macedonian noblewoman who, through her marriage to Ptolemy I Soter, became the first queen of the Ptolemaic dynasty of Egypt. Berenice travelled to Egypt as a lady-in-waiting to Eurydice, Ptolemy I's wife. Ptolemy I married Berenice in 317 BC.
Berenice II of Egypt	Berenice II	|	Ptolemaic	(c. 267 BC – c. 221 BC)	The daughter of Magas of Cyrene and Queen Apama II. Her husband, Demetrius the Fair, a Macedonian prince, moved to Cyrene where he became the lover of her mother Apama. So Berenice had him killed in Apama's bedroom. Afterwards she married the Egyptian king, Ptolemy III Euergetes.
Berenice III of Egypt	Berenice III	|	Ptolemaic	(120–80 BC)	She ruled jointly with her uncle/husband Ptolemy X Alexander I (101 BC–88 BC). After Ptolemy X died, Ptolemy IX Lathyros reclaimed the throne, but when he died in 81 BC, Berenice took over the throne. The Roman Republic intervened and forced her to marry Ptolemy XI Alexander II, but he had her killed 19 days later.
Berenice IV of Egypt	Berenice IV	|	Ptolemaic	(77 BC – 55 BC)	Reigned 57 BC – 55 BC. She was a daughter of Ptolemy XII and Cleopatra V. After Cleopatra V's death, Berenice assumed the throne but was forced to marry Seleucus VII Kybiosaktes. So she had him murdered to remain sole ruler. After Ptolemy XII retook the throne with the aid of Roman soldiers, he had Berenice executed.
Betrest	|	1st dynasty	(fl. c. 30th century BC)	Betrest was the mother of the pharaoh Semerkhet.
Bintanath	|	19th dynasty	(fl. c. 13th century BC)	Also known as Bentanath. A daughter and later wife of the 19th dynasty Egyptian Pharaoh Ramesses II.
Buneb	|	4th dynasty	(fl. c. 26th century BC)	A son of Nefermaat, the eldest son of pharaoh Sneferu and Itet.
Bunefer	|	4th/5th dynasty	(fl. c. 26th century BC)	Bunefer's titles as a priestess of Shepseskaf mean she may have been a wife or daughter of Shepseskaf or she was the wife of king Thamphthis.

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!style="width: 150px;" Ptolemaic Servant to Cleopatra Pharaoh Pharaoh Nomarch Queen Queen Queen Queen Queen Queen Queen Queen Queen Ptolemaic Princess Seleucid Queen

Name !	style="width: 100px;"|Main Title !! style="width: 90px;"|Dynasty !!align="center" style="width: 150px;"|Date!! |Comment
Caesarion	Prince/Pharaoh	|	47 BC–30 BC	He was the last king of the Ptolemaic dynasty of Egypt (reigned 44 BC – 30 BC). He was the son of Cleopatra VII and Julius Caesar. He was killed on the orders of Octavian.Full name: Ptolemy XV Philopator Philometor Caesar.
Charmian (servant to Cleopatra)	Charmian	|	Ptolemaic	c. 1st century BC	A trusted servant and advisor to the historical Cleopatra VII of Egypt. Died with Cleopatra.
Chephren	|	4th dynasty		see Khafre
Cheops	|	4th dynasty		see Khufu
Cleomenes of Naucratis	|	Ptolemaic	c. 4th century BC	A Greek of Naucratis in Egypt, was appointed by Alexander III of Macedon as nomarch of the Arabian district of Egypt and receiver of the tributes from all the districts of Egypt and the neighboring part of Africa (331 BC).
Cleopatra I Syra	|	Ptolemaic	c. 204 BC–176 BC	Reigned 181 BC – 176 BC. She was the daughter of the Seleucid king Antiochus III and queen Laodice III. As part of a peace treaty, Antiochus III agreed to Cleopatra I marrying Ptolemy V (193 BC). Upon her Ptolemy V's death (181 BC), Cleopatra I ruled on behalf of her young son, Ptolemy VI.
Cleopatra II of Egypt	Cleopatra II	|	Ptolemaic	c. 185 BC–116 BC	Reigned 169 BC – 145 BC, 130 BC – 127 BC, 124 BC – 116 BC. Cleopatra II was the daughter of Ptolemy V and Cleopatra I. She was the sister of, and later married, both Ptolemy VI (175 BC) and Ptolemy VIII (145 BC).
Cleopatra III of Egypt	Cleopatra III	|	Ptolemaic	161 BC–101 BC	Reigned 142 BC–131 BC and 127 BC – 101 BC. She was a daughter of Ptolemy VI and Cleopatra II. She married her uncle Ptolemy VIII. After the death of Ptolemy VIII (116 BC), Cleopatra III ruled with her eldest son Ptolemy IX and then with her second son Ptolemy X until Ptolemy X had her murdered.
Cleopatra IV of Egypt	Cleopatra IV	|	Ptolemaic	c.135 BC – 112 BC	Cleopatra IV was the daughter of Ptolemy VIII and Cleopatra III. Cleopatra IV married her brother Ptolemy IX (c.119 BC), and later the Seleucid prince, Antiochus IX Cyzicenus. Cleopatra IV was executed at the orders of Antiochus VIII.
Cleopatra V of Egypt	Cleopatra V Tryphaena	|	Ptolemaic	c. 95 BC – c. 57 BC	Cleopatra V was an illegitimate daughter of Ptolemy IX or a daughter of Ptolemy X. In 79 BC she married Ptolemy XII.
Cleopatra VI of Egypt	Cleopatra VI Tryphaena	|	Ptolemaic	c. 75 BC – c. 58 BC	She was an older sister of Cleopatra VII and a daughter of Ptolemy XII and Cleopatra V.
Cleopatra VII	Cleopatra VII Philopator	|	Ptolemaic	69 BC–30 BC	Reigned 51 BC – 30 BC and mistress of Julius Caesar and Mark Antony. Cleopatra ruled jointly with her father Ptolemy XII and later with her brothers, Ptolemy XIII and Ptolemy XIV, whom she married. She had relationships with Julius Caesar and Mark Antony.
Cleopatra Selene I	|	Ptolemaic	c.135 BC – 69 BC	The daughter of the Egyptian king Ptolemy VIII and Cleopatra III. She was married to Ptolemy IX and later to the Seleucid kings, Antiochus VIII, Antiochus IX, and Antiochus X.
Cleopatra Selene II	|	Ptolemaic	40 BC – 6 AD	The only daughter of Cleopatra VII and Roman triumvir Mark Antony. She married King Juba II of Numidia. Sometimes called Cleopatra VIII.
Cleopatra Thea	|	Ptolemaic	c. 2nd century BC	Ptolemy VI of Egypt and Cleopatra II of Egypt>Cleopatra II. She ruled Syria from 125 BC after the death of Demetrius II Nicator. She eventually ruled in co-regency with her son Antiochus VIII Grypus, who poisoned her in 121 or 120 BC.

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!style="width: 150px;" 18th dynasty Vizier Magician Pharaoh Pharaoh King of Cyrene Pharaoh High Priest of Ptah Prince Vizier Prince Pharaoh Pharaoh Pharaoh Prince Priest Pharaoh Pharaoh High Priest of Amun Prophet of Amun Queen Princess Pharaoh General Pharaoh Queen Pharaoh Pharaoh Prince Vizier Queen Princess / Queen

Name !	style="width: 100px;"|Main Title !! style="width: 90px;"|Dynasty !!align="center" style="width: 150px;"|Date!! |Comment
Dakhamunzu	Queen	|	(fl. c. 14th century BC)	Dahamunzu. An Egyptian queen known from the Hittite language>Hittite annals ''The Deeds of Suppiluliuma'', which were composed by Suppiluliuma I's son Mursili II. The identity of this queen has not yet been established with any degree of certainty and Dakhamunzu has variously been identified as either Nefertiti, Meritaten or Ankhesenamen.
Dagi	|	11th dynasty	(fl. c. 21st century BC)	An Egyptian vizier of the 11th dynasty during the reign of Mentuhotep II.
Dedi	|	4th dynasty	(fl. c. 26th century BC)	A Fortune-telling
[[Dedumose I	|	13th dynasty	(fl. c. mid-17th century BC)	A Pharaoh of Egypt during the 13th dynasty. Also known as Tutimaios.
Dedumose II	|	16th dynasty	(fl. c. mid-17th century BC)	A native Egyptian king of the 16th Theban dynasty during the Second Intermediate Period. His Horus name was Djedneferre.
Demetrius the Fair	|	Ptolemaic	(c. 285 BC – c.249 BC)	Reigned 250 BC – c. 249 BC. He was a son of King Demetrius I of Macedon and Ptolemais. When the Cyrenaean king Magas died in 250 BC, his widow, Apama II summoned Demetrius from Macedonia to become king of Cyrenaica and marry her daughter Berenice II. Shortly after his marriage to Berenice, Demetrius and Apama became lovers. In a jealous rage, Berenice killed Demetrius. Also known as Demetrius the Handsome.
Den (Pharaoh)	Den	|	1st dynasty	(fl. c. 30th century BC)	He was the son of Queen Merneith. He was the first to use the title King of the Two Lands, and the first depicted as wearing the double crowns.
Didia	|	19th dynasty	(fl. c. mid-13th century BC)	High Priest of Ptah during the reign of the 19th dynasty pharaoh, Ramesses II. Didia succeeded his father Pahemnetjer into the office.
Djaty	|	4th dynasty	(fl. c. 26th century BC)	Djaty was a son of Queen Meresankh II and either pharaoh Djedefre or pharaoh Khafra. Also known as Djati, Zaty, Zati.
Djau	|	6th dynasty	(fl. c. 23rd century BC)	He was a member of an influential family from Abydos; his mother was the vizier Nebet. His two sisters Ankhesenpepi I and Ankhesenpepi II married Pharaoh Pepi I.
Djedefhor	|	4th dynasty	(fl. c. 26th century BC)	He was a son of Pharaoh Khufu and brother of pharaohs Djedefre and Khafre. Also known as Hordjedef.
Djedefptah	|	4th dynasty		see Thamphthis
Djedefre	|	4th dynasty	(fl. c. 26th century BC)	He reigned c. 2566 BC – c. 2558 BC, the son and immediate successor of Khufu. Djedefre was the first king to use the title Son of Ra, which is seen as an indication of the growing popularity of the cult of the solar god Ra. Also known as Radjedef.
Teos of Egypt	Djedhor	|	30th dynasty	(fl. c. 4th century BC)	He reigned 362–360 BC, the son and immediate successor of Nakhtnebef. Also known as Djedher, Takhos and Teos.
Prince Djedi	Djedi	|	4th dynasty	(fl. c. 26th century BC)	He was a son of Rahotep and Nofret and nephew of the pharaoh Khufu.
Djediufankh	|			An ancient Egyptian priest who lived between 2,000 and 4,000 years ago.
Djedkare Isesi	|	5th dynasty	Reigned c. 2414 BC – c. 2375 BC	Built his pyramid at Saqqara instead of Abusir. Also referred to as Tancheres.
Djedkare Shemai	|	7t dynasty	(fl. c. 22nd century BC)	A 7th dynasty king of Egypt during the First Intermediate Period.
Djedkhonsuefankh	|	21st dynasty	(fl. c. mid-11th century BC)	High Priest of Amun in Thebes. He was a son of Pinedjem I and succeeded his brother Masaherta during a time of great turmoil in the city of Thebes.
Djedptahiufankh	|	22nd dynasty	(fl. c. mid-10th century BC)	Served as the 3rd or 4th Prophet of Amun and was the husband of Nestanebtishru (who was the daughter of Pinudjem II and Neskhons) during the reign of pharaoh Shoshenq.
Djefatnebti	|	3rd dynasty	(fl. c. 27th century BC)	Probably a wife of the 3rd dynasty Egyptian king Huni.
Djefatsen	|	4th dynasty	(fl. c. 26th century BC)	A daughter of Nefermaat, the eldest son of pharaoh Sneferu and Itet.
Djehuti	|	16th dynasty	(fl. c. late-17th century BC)	An Egyptian pharaoh belonging to the Theban 16th dynasty based in Upper Egypt during the Second Intermediate period. Also called Djehuty Sekhemresementawy or Thuty.
Djehuty (general)	Djehuty	|	18th dynasty	(fl. c. mid-15th century BC)	A general under the Egyptian king Thutmosis III in the 18th dynasty. He led Egyptian forces in the capture of Joffa (modern Jaffa) in Canaan. Also referred to as Thuti or Thutii.
Djer	|	1st dynasty	(fl. c. 31st century BC)	The second or third pharaoh of the 1st dynasty of Egypt.
Djeseretnebti	|	3rd dynasty	(fl. c. 27th century BC)	Wife of pharaoh Sekhemkhet from the 3rd dynasty. They were possibly the parents of pharaoh Khaba, Sekhemkhet's successor.
Djet	|	1st dynasty	(fl. c. 30th century BC)	An Egyptian pharaoh of the 1st dynasty. Also referred to as Wadj, Zet, and Uadji or Uenephes.
Djoser	|	3rd dynasty	(reigned c. 2668 BC – c. 2649 BC)	The best-known pharaoh of the 3rd dynasty of Egypt. He commissioned his official, Imhotep, to build the Step Pyramid for him at Saqqara. Also referred to as Netjerikhet, Tosarthros, Zoser, Dzoser, Zozer, Dsr, Djeser, Djésèr, Horus-Netjerikhet, and Horus-Netjerichet.
Duaenhor	|	4th dynasty	(fl. c. 26th century BC)	He was probably a son of Prince Kawab (son of Khufu) and Hetepheres II.
Duaenre	|	4th dynasty	(fl. c. 26th century BC)	Duaenre was the son of King Khafre and Queen Meresankh III.
Duatentopet (or Tentopet)	|	20th dynasty	(fl. c. mid-12th century BC)	The wife of Pharaoh Ramesses IV and mother of Ramesses V.
Duathathor-Henuttawy	|	21st dynasty	(fl. c. early-11th century BC)	Probably the daughter of Ramesses XI, last king of the 20th dynasty, and queen Tentamun. She married Pinedjem I, the Theban High Priest of Amun who effectively ruled Upper Egypt during the reign of Ramesses XI.

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!style="width: 150px;" Ptolemaic Mathematician Queen

Name !	style="width: 100px;"|Main Title !! style="width: 90px;"|Dynasty !!align="center" style="width: 150px;"|Date!! |Comment
Eratosthenes	Mathematician	|	c. 276 BC – c. 195 BC	Cyrene (city)>Cyrene (in modern-day Libya). He was the third chief librarian of the Great Library of Alexandria, the center of science and learning in the ancient world, and died in the capital of Ptolemaic Egypt.
Euclid of Alexandria	|	Ptolemaic	(fl. c. late 4th century BC)	A Greek mathematician, known as the "Father of Geometry". He was active in Alexandria during the reign of Ptolemy I. In his best known work, ''Elements'', Euclid deduced the principles of what is now called Euclidean geometry. Euclid also wrote on perspective, conic sections, spherical geometry, number theory and rigor.
Eurydice of Egypt	Eurydice	|	Ptolemaic	(fl. c. late 4th century BC)	A daughter of the Macedonian general Antipater and wife of [[Ptolemy I Soter

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!style="width: 150px;" Ptolemaic Princess Queen

Name !	style="width: 100px;"|Main Title !! style="width: 90px;"|Dynasty !!align="center" style="width: 150px;"|Date!! |Comment
Ganymedes (eunuch)	Ganymedes	Tutor of Arsinoe IV, Military Commander	|	(fl. c. 60 BC – 47 BC)	Tutor of Cleopatra VII's half-sister and rival, Arsinoë IV. During the civil war Ganymedes commanded Arsinoës' forces. In 47 BC Caesar won a decisive battle against Ganymedes who perished after fleeing the battle.
Gautseshen	|	21st dynasty	(fl. c. late-11th century BC)	An Egyptian priestess, daughter of Menkheperre, High Priest of Amun. Her mother was Princess Isetemkheb, a daughter of Pharaoh Psusennes I.
Gilukhipa	|	18th dynasty	(fl. c. early-14th century)	A daughter of Shuttarna II, king of Mitanni. To assist with political relations between the two states, Gilukhipa was sent by Shuttarna II to Egypt to marry the 18th dynasty pharaoh Amenhotep III. Her name is sometimes written as Gilukhipa, Kilu-Hepa, or Kirgipa.

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!style="width: 150px;" 29th dynasty Egyptian noble High Priest of Amun Astronomer Governor High Priest of Ptah Pharaoh High Priest of Amun King of Meroe Chief Steward Queen Queen Princess Queen Royal Seal-bearer Princess Prince Priestess Queen Queen Princess Princess Princess God's Wife of Amun Queen Vizier Viceroy of Kush General, High Priest of Amun, Pharaoh Queen Physician, noble man Princess Queen Queen Queen Vizier Pharaoh Pharaoh King's Son Pharaoh High Priest of Ptah Viceroy of Kush Vizier Viceroy of Kush King's Son Pharaoh Pharaoh King Noble man Divine Adoratrice Priest Pharaoh High Priest of Ptah Steward of Queen Tiye

Name !	style="width: 100px;"|Main Title !! style="width: 90px;"|Dynasty !!align="center" style="width: 150px;"|Date!! |Comment
Hakor (or Akoris)	Pharaoh	|	reigned 393 BC – 380 BC	Hakor overthrew his predecessor Psammuthes. Hakor revolted against his overlord, the Persian King Artaxerxes, and with the support of Athenian mercenaries held off the Persians in a three year war between 385 and 383 BC.
Hannu	|	11th dynasty	21st to 20th century BC	Served as ''m-r-pr'' "majordomus" under Mentuhotep II and Mentuhotep III.
Hapuseneb	|	18th dynasty	fl. c. mid-15th century BC	High priest from the time of Hatshepsut.
Harkhebi	|	Ptolemaic	fl. c. 3rd century BC	An astronomer who lived in Ptolemaic Egypt during the rule of the Ptolemaic dynasty.
Harkhuf	|	6th dynasty	fl. c. 23rd century BC	Governor of Upper Egypt and overseer of caravans. His primary business was trade with Nubia, forging political bonds with local leaders and preparing the ground for an Egyptian expansion into Nubia. Also known as Herkhuf or Hirkhuf.
Harsiese (High Priest of Ptah)	Harsiese	|	21st dynasty	fl. c. late-11th century BC	He was a contemporary of Pharaoh Psusennes I.
Harsiese A	Harsiese Hedjkheperre Setepenamun	|	23rd dynasty	fl. c. mid-9th century BC	King of Thebes during the early years of the reign of 22nd dynasty pharaoh Osorkon II.
Harsiese B	Harsiese	|	22nd dynasty	fl. c. late-9th century BC	A High Priest of Amun during the reigns of the pharaohs Osorkon II, Shoshenq III and Pedubast I.
Harsiotef	|		fl. c. early 4th-century BC	A Kushite King of Meroe (reigned c. 404 BC – c. 369 BC). Harsiotef was probably the son of Queen Atasamale and King Amanineteyerike. His wives were Batahaliye and probably Pelkha.
Harwa	|	25th dynasty	ca 8th century BC	Chief Steward of Amenirdis I. His tomb, TT37, is located in El-Assasif, part of the Theban Necropolis, on the West Bank of the Nile, opposite to Luxor.
Hatshepsut	|	18th dynasty	reigned c. 1479 BC – c. 1458 BC	Wife of Tuthmose II. Served as regent for her stepson Tuthmose III and eventually had herself depicted as Pharaoh.
Hatshepsut-Merytre	|	18th dynasty		see Merytre-Hatshepsut)
Hedjetnebu	|	5th dynasty	fl. c. 24th century BC	Her father was Pharaoh Djedkare. Also known as Hedjetnub.
Hekenuhedjet	|	4th dynasty	fl. c. 26th century BC	Wife of Pharaoh Khafra. Her son was the vizier Sekhemkare.
Hemaka	|	1st dynasty	fl. c. 30th century BC	Den (Pharaoh)>Den.
Hemetre	|	4th dynasty	fl. c. 26th century BC	She may have been a daughter or granddaughter of Khafre. She did not hold the title king's wife.. She is mainly known from her tomb, which is located in the central field of Giza.
Hemiunu	|	4th dynasty	fl. c. 26th century BC	A son of Prince Nefermaat and his wife Itet. He is believed to be the architect of the Great Pyramid of Giza, Egypt.
Henutmehyt	|	19th dynasty	fl. c. mid-13th century BC	An Egyptian Theban priestess who lived during the 19th dynasty.
Henutmire	|	19th dynasty	fl. c. mid-13th century BC	A princess and queen, one of the eight wives of 19th dynasty pharaoh Ramesses II. Either a daughter or a younger sister of Ramesses II as well as his wife.
Henutsen	|	4th dynasty	fl. c. 26th century BC	She was a daughter of Pharaoh Sneferu and married her elder half-brother Khufu.
Henuttaneb	|	18th dynasty	fl. c. mid-14th century BC	A daughter of Egyptian 18th dynasty pharaoh Amenhotep III and Queen Tiye. She was a sister of Pharaoh Akhenaten.
Henuttawy (19th dynasty)	Henuttawy	|	19th dynasty	fl. c. mid-13th century BC	She was a daughter of Pharaoh Ramesses II and Queen Nefertari.
Henuttawy (princess)	Henuttawy	|	21st dynasty	fl. c. mid-11th century BC	Her father was Pinedjem I, High Priest of Amun and de facto ruler of Southern Egypt and her mother was Duathathor-Henuttawy, a daughter of Ramesses XI.
Henuttawy (priestess)	Henuttawy	|	20th dynasty	fl. c. early-10th century BC	A God's Wife of Amun during the 21st dynasty. Her father was Pinedjem II, High Priest of Amun and her mother was Isetemkheb, Singer of Amun.
Henutwati	|	20th dynasty	fl. c. mid-12th century BC	The Great Royal Wife of Ramesses V. Also known as Ta-Henutwati.
Hepu (Vizier)	Hepu	|	18th dynasty	fl. c. late-15th century BC	Hepu held office during the reign of Pharaoh Thutmose IV.
Heqanakht	|	19th dynasty	fl. c. 13-12th century BC	Viceroy of Kush during the reign of Ramesses II. His titles include: King's son of Kush, overseer of the Southern Lands, Fan-bearer on the king's right, Messenger to every land, etc.
Herihor	|	20th dynasty	fl. c. early-11th century BC	An Egyptian general and High Priest of Amun at Thebes during the reign of Ramesses XI. Herihor played an integral role in restoring order by ousting Pinehesy, viceroy of Nubia, from Thebes. He then assumed a number of titles, from high priest to vizier, before claiming to be pharaoh, although his power base remained limited to Thebes.
Herneith	|	1st dynasty	fl. c. 31st century BC	Queen consort to Djer.
Hesy-Ra	|	3rd dynasty	fl. c. 27th century BC	Hersy-Ra was an official, physician and scribe who served under the pharaoh Djoser.
Princess Hetepheres	Hetepheres	|	4th dynasty	fl. c. 26th century BC	She was a daughter of pharaoh Sneferu and his half-sister, Queen Hetepheres I. Hetepheres married her younger half-brother Ankhhaf, who was a vizier.
Hetepheres I	|	4th dynasty	fl. c. 26th century BC	A daughter of pharaoh Huni, Hetepheres is considered to have been the wife of Sneferu. Hetepheres was the mother of Princess Hetepheres and King Khufu.
Hetepheres II	|	4th dynasty	fl. c. 26th century BC	A daughter of Khufu, during his reign she married her brother, the Crown Prince Kawab, with whom she had at least one child, a daughter named Meresankh III.
Hetephernebti	|	3rd dynasty	fl. c. 27th century BC	The only known wife of Pharaoh Djoser.
Hewernef	|	20th dynasty	fl. c. early-12th century	He served during the reign of the 20th dynasty pharaoh Ramesses III.
Hor	|	13th dynasty	fl. c. mid-18th century	An Egyptian king of the 13th dynasty. Also known as Au-ib-Rê.
Hor-Aha	|	1st dynasty	fl. 31st century BC	Probably the second pharaoh of the 1st dynasty of Egypt.
Horbaef	|	4th dynasty	fl. c. 26th century BC	Horbaef was a son of Pharaoh Khufu. He married his half-sister Meresankh II and they had daughters named Nefertkau III and Nebty-tepites. Also known as Baefhor or Horbaf.
Horemheb (or Horemhab or Haremhab)	|	18th dynasty	fl. c. late-14th to early-13th century BC	Last pharaoh of the 18th dynasty (reigned c. 1319 BC – c. 1292 BC). Before he became pharaoh, Horemheb was the commander in chief of the army for Tutankhamen and Ay. He appointed his vizier Paramesse as his successor, who would assume the throne as Ramesses I.
Hori I (High Priest of Ptah)	Hori I	|	20th dynasty	fl. c. late-13th century BC	He served at the very end of the reign of the 19th dynasty pharaoh Ramesses II. Hori succeeded Neferronpet in office. Hori was a son of prince Khaemwaset and hence a grandson of Ramesses II.
Hori I (Viceroy of Kush)	Hori I	|	20th dynasty	fl. c. early-12th century BC	Hori, son of Kama, was Viceroy of Kush under the 19th dynasty pharaoh Siptah. He continued to serve under the 20th dynasty pharaohs Setnakhte and Ramesses III.
Hori II (Vizier)	Hori II	|	19th/20th dynasty	fl. c. early to mid-12th century BC	He served during the reigns of the 19th and 20th dynasty pharaohs Sethi II, Siptah, Tawosret, Setnakhte and Ramesses III. Hori II was the son of the High Priest of Ptah Hori I and the grandson of Prince Khaemweset.
Hori II (Viceroy of Kush)	Hori II	|	20th dynasty	fl. c. mid-12th century BC	Ason of the Viceroy of Kush, Hori I, and also served as Viceroy of Kush.
Hornakht	|	22nd dynasty	fl. c. mid-9th century BC	A son of pharaoh Osorkon II. He was appointed by his father to the office of chief priest of Amun at Tanis to strengthen Osorkon's authority in Lower Egypt but Hornakht died at age 10.
Hotepibre	|	13th dynasty	fl. c. 17th century BC	Hotepibre Siharnedjheritef was likely a son of Ameny Qemau.
Hotepsekhemwy	|	2nd dynasty	fl. c. 29th century BC	The first king of the 2nd dynasty of Egypt. (or Boethos)
Hsekiu	|	pre-dynastic		Also known as Seka, was a Predynastic ancient Egyptian king who ruled in the Nile Delta.
Hugronaphor	|	Ptolemaic	fl. c. late-3rd century BC	A Nubian noble who led Upper Egypt's secession from the rule of Ptolemy IV Philopator in 205 BC. His name is some times given as Hurganophor, Haronnophris, Harmachis, Hyrgonaphor, Herwennefer, or Horwennefer.
Hui (priestess)	Hui	|	18th dynasty	fl. c. mid-15th century	She was the mother of Merytre-Hatshepsut, the Great Royal Wife of Pharaoh Thutmose III.
Hunefer	|	19th dynasty	fl. c. 13th century BC	Hunefer was "Scribe of Divine Offerings", "Overseer of Royal Cattle", and steward of Pharaoh Seti I. Known for his copy of the Egyptian funerary Book of the Dead.
Huni	|	3rd dynasty	fl. c. 27th century BC	The last pharaoh of Egypt of the 3rd dynasty. He was the successor to Khaba.
Huy (High Priest of Ptah)	Huy	|	18th dynasty	fl. c. mid-13th century BC	High Priest of Ptah during the reign of the 19th dynasty pharaoh Ramesses II. Huy was succeeded by Pahemnetjer.
Huya, Noble	Huya	|	18th dynasty	fl. c. mid-14th century BC	He was the Superintendent of the Royal Harem, Superintendent of the Treasury and Superintendent of the House, all titles that are associated with Queen Tiye, mother of Akhenaten.

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!style="width: 150px;" 18th dynasty Steward Pharaoh Architect, Vizier Pharaoh Rebel Leader Queen Queen Architect Princess Local King Prince Pharaoh Pharaoh Pharaoh Pharaoh Pharaoh Pharaoh Pharaoh General Vizier Royal Nurse Queen Queen Pharaoh Prince Princess Queen Princess Princess-Queen Princess, God's Wife of Amun Queen Princess Queen Queen Priest Prince Princess Prince Prince Priest Pharaoh Vizier Prince High Priest of Amun Pharaoh Local Ruler Prince

Name !	style="width: 100px;"|Main Title !! style="width: 90px;"|Dynasty !!align="center" style="width: 150px;"|Date!! |Comment
Iaret	Queen	|	fl. c. early-14th century BC	The daughter of Pharaoh Amenhotep II and wife of Thutmose IV.
Ibi (Egyptian Noble)	Ibi	|	26th dynasty	fl. c. mid-7th century BC	Nitocris I (Divine Adoratrice)>Nitocris I, during the reign of Pharaoh Psamtik I. His name is sometimes written as Aba or Abe.
Wahibre Ibiau	Ibiau	|	13th dynasty	fl. c. 17th century BC	Ibiau, Ibiaw or Wahibre Ibiau was an Egyptian king of the 13th Dynasty.
Imhotep	|	3rd dynasty	fl. c. 27th century BC	He served under King Djoser as chancellor to the pharaoh and High Priest of Re at Heliopolis. He was revered by later Egyptian dynasties as an architect, engineer, physician, poet and philosopher.
Imyremeshaw	|	13th dynasty	fl. c. late-18th century BC	Imyremeshaw Smenkhkare was an Egyptian king of the 13th dynasty.
Inaros	|	Persian Occupation	fl. c. mid-5th century BC	An Egyptian rebel ruler who was the son of a Libyan prince named Psamtik. In 460 BC, he revolted against the Persians with the help of his Athenian allies and defeated the Persian army. He was defeated in 454 BC by a Persian army led by Megabyzus. Inaros was captured and executed in 454 BC. Also known as Ienheru, or Inarus.
Inenek-Inti	|	6th dynasty	fl. c. 24th century BC	A wife of Pharaoh Pepi I Meryre of the 6th dynasty.
Ineni (queen)	Ineni (or Ini)	|	13th dynasty	fl. c. mid-17th century BC	Her husband was probably king Merneferre Ay.
Ineni	|	18th dynasty	fl. late-16th and early 15th century BC	An Egyptian architect and government official of the 18th dynasty, responsible for major construction projects under the pharaohs Amenhotep I, Thutmose I, Thutmose II, Hatshepsut and Thutmose III. Ineni expanded the Temple of Karnak and probably oversaw the construction of Amenhotep I's tomb and mortuary temple.
Inetkawes	|	3rd dynasty	fl. c. 27th century BC	She was the only known child of Pharaoh Djoser and Queen Hetephernebti.
Ini (pharaoh)	Ini Menkheperre	|	Third Intermediate Period	fl. c. mid-8th century BC	Probably pharaoh Rudamun's successor at Thebes but was not a member of his predecessor's 23rd dynasty. Unlike the 23rd dynasty rulers, he was a local king who ruled only at Thebes. Also known as Iny Si-Ese Meryamun.
Inkaef	|	4th dynasty	fl. c. 26th century BC	A son of Nefermaat, the eldest son of pharaoh Sneferu and Itet.
Intef I	|	11th dynasty	fl. c. 22nd century BC	Intef I Sehertawy was local Egyptian ruler at Thebes, Egypt. He was the first of his dynasty to assume the title of Pharaoh. His authority was contested by the other nomarchs of Egypt, but he had gained control over Koptos, Dendera and the three nomes of Hierakonpolis by the end of his reign.
Intef II	|	11th dynasty	reigned c. 2118 BC – c. 2069 BC	Intef II Wahankh's capital was located at Thebes, Egypt. After the death of the nomarch Ankhtifi, Intef II was able to unite all the southern nomes down to the First Cataract. By the time Intef II died, he left behind a strong government in Thebes which controlled the whole of Upper Egypt.
Intef III	|	11th dynasty	reigned c. 2069 BC – c. 2060 BC	Intef III Nakhtnebtepnefer was a king during the First Intermediate Period.
Intef V	|	13th dynasty	fl. c. late-18th century BC	Intef V Sehetepkare was an Egyptian king. His name is also written as Antef V or Inyotef V.
Intef VI	|	17th dynasty	fl. c. early-16th century BC	Intef VI Sekhemrewepmaat ruled from Thebes. He lived during the Second Intermediate Period, when Egypt was ruled by multiple kings. His name is also written as Antef VI.
Intef VII	|	17th dynasty	fl. c. mid-16th century BC	Intef VII Nubkheperre ruled from Thebes during the Second Intermediate Period, when Egypt was divided by rival dynasties including the Hyksos in Lower Egypt. He was the brother of Intef VI and perhaps the son of Sekhemre Shedtawy Sobekemsaf I. His name is also written as Antef VII.
Intef VIII	|	17th dynasty	fl. c. mid-16th century BC	Intef VIII Sekhemreheruhirmaat ruled during the Second Intermediate Period, when Egypt was divided between the Theban based 17th dynasty in Upper Egypt and the Hyksos 15th dynasty who controlled Lower and part of Middle Egypt. His name is also written as Antef VIII.
Intef (general)	Intef	|	11th dynasty	fl. c. 21st century BC	Served under king Mentuhotep II.
Intefiqer	|	12th dynasty	fl. c. mid-20th century BC	Vizier (Ancient Egypt)>vizier under the Pharaohs Amenemhet I and Senusret I.
Ipu (nurse)	Ipu	|	18th dynasty	fl. c. late-16th century BC	She was the mother of Queen Satiah, Great Royal Wife of Pharaoh Thutmose IV.
Iput	|	5th/ 6th dynasty	fl. c. 24th century BC	A daughter of Unas, the last king of 5th dynasty of Egypt. She married Teti, the first pharaoh of the 6th dynasty of Egypt. Their son was Pepi I Meryre and she acted for him as a regent after her husband's death.
Iput II	|	6th dynasty	fl. c. 23rd century BC	Wife of king Pepi II Neferkare.
Iry-Hor	|	1st dynasty		(see Hor-Aha)
Isesi-ankh	|	5th dynasty	fl. c. 24th century BC	A son of king Djedkare Isesi.
Isesu	|	4th dynasty	fl. c. 26th century BC	A daughter of Nefermaat, the eldest son of pharaoh Sneferu and Itet.
Iset (queen)	Iset	|	18th dynasty	fl. c. mid-15th century BC	She was a secondary wife or concubine of Thutmose II. Iset was the mother of Thutmose III, the only son of Thutmose II.
Iset (daughter of Thutmose III)	Iset	|	18th dynasty	fl. c. late-15th century BC	A daughter of Pharaoh Thutmose III and his Great Royal Wife Merytre-Hatshepsut.
Iset (daughter of Amenhotep III)	Iset	|	18th dynasty	fl. c. mid-14th century BC	Daughter of Amenhotep III and Tiye. She was a sister of Akhenaten. She later married her father.
Iset (priestess)	Iset	|	20th dynasty	fl. c. mid-12th century BC	Daughter of Pharaoh Ramesses VI and Nubkhesbed, and a sister of Pharaoh Ramesses VII. Also known as Aset, or Isis.
Iset Ta-Hemdjert	|	20th dynasty	fl. c. mid-12th century BC	She was the wife of Ramesses III and the mother of both Ramesses IV and Ramesses VI.
Isetemkheb D	Isetemkheb	|	21st dynasty	fl. c. late 11th century BC	The sister-wife of the Theban High Priest of Amun, Pinudjem II. Isetemkheb was a daughter of the Theban High Priest of Amun and general, Prince Menkheperre, and his wife, Isetemkheb.
Isetnofret I	|	19th dynasty	fl. c. mid-13th century BC	One of the wives of Pharaoh Ramesses II and was the mother of his heir, Merneptah. Alternatively called: Isis-nofret or Isitnofret.
Isetnofret II	|	19th dynasty	fl. c. late-13th century BC	One of the wives of Pharaoh Merneptah. Alternatively called: Isis-nofret or Isitnofret.
Isidorus	|	Roman Period	fl. c. 2nd century AD	A native ancient Egyptian priest. He led the native Egyptian revolt against Roman rule during the reign of emperor Marcus Aurelius.
Prince Isu	Isu	|	4th dynasty	fl. c. 26th century BC	He was a son of Nefermaat, the eldest son of pharaoh Sneferu and Itet.
Itet	|	4th dynasty	fl. c. 26th century BC	A noblewoman, a wife of Prince Nefermaat, and daughter-in-law of pharaoh Sneferu. Her name is also written as Atet.
Itisen	|	4th dynasty	fl. c. 26th century BC	A son of Nefermaat, the eldest son of pharaoh Sneferu, and of Itet.
Prince Itu	Itu	|	4th dynasty	fl. c. 26th century BC	He was a son of Prince Rahotep and Nofret and grandson of pharaoh Sneferu.
Iufaa	|	26th dynasty	fl. c. 5th century BC	An Egyptian priest and administer of palaces. His undisturbed tomb was found in 1994.
Iufni	|	13th dynasty		The only record of this Pharaoh comes from the Turin King List.
Iunmin I	|	4th dynasty	fl. c. 26th century BC	He was possibly a son of king Khafre and served as vizier during the reign of his brother, Menkaure. His name is also written as Yunmin, Iuenmin, and Minuen.
Iunre	|	4th dynasty	fl. c. 26th century BC	He was a son of king Khafre. His name is also written as Yunre.
Iuput	|	22nd dynasty	fl. c. mid-10th century BC	Served during the reigns of his father Pharaoh Shoshenq I and his brother Osorkon I. He was also general, army commander and governor of Upper Egypt.
Iuput I	|	23rd dynasty	fl. c. late-9th century	A pharaoh of Upper Egypt and a co-regent with his father, Pedubast I.
Iuput II	|	Third Intermediate Period	fl. c. mid-8th century BC	The ruler of Leontopolis in the Egyptian Delta region. He was an ally of Tefnakht of Sais who resisted the invasion of Lower Egypt by the 25th dynasty Kushite king Piye. After Piye defeated Tefnakht's coalition and conquered Lower Egypt, Iuput II remained in power as the local governor of Leontopolis. Also known as Yuput II.
Iynefer	|	4th dynasty	fl. c. 26th century BC	A son of pharaoh Sneferu.

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!style="width: 150px;" Pre-dynastic Prince Director of the Palace Vizier Vizier Prince Pharaoh Prince Queen Queen Queen Queen God's Wife of Amun King of Kush Prince Princess Queen Pharaoh Noble Artisan Vizier Prince Prince, High Priest of Ptah Prince, High Priest of Ptah Pharaoh Princess Queen Queen Pharaoh King Guardian in the Place of Truth Vizier King Queen Pharaoh Queen Queen Queen Queen Queen Queen Prince Queen Queen Queen Vizier Royal Manicurist Vizier Pharaoh Vizier Queen Queen Pharaoh Queen

Name !	style="width: 100px;"|Main Title !! style="width: 90px;"|Dynasty !!align="center" style="width: 150px;"|Date!! |Comment
Ka (pharaoh)	King	|	fl. c. 32nd-31st century BC	Ka, also Sekhem Ka or Ka-Sekhen, was a Predynastic pharaoh of Upper Egypt.
Kaemqed	|	4th dynasty	fl. c. 26th century BC	A son of princess Nefertnesu and grandson of Pharaoh Sneferu.
Kaemsekhem	|	4th dynasty	fl. c. 26th century BC	A son of prince Kawab and Hetepheres II and grandson of the pharaoh Khufu. He served as the director of the palace.
Kagemni I	|	3rd dynasty	fl. c. 27th century BC	He was a vizier to both Pharaoh Huni and Pharaoh Sneferu.
Kagemni (II)	|	6th dynasty	fl. c. 24th century BC	Vizier during the reign of king Teti. Kagemni's wife Nebtynubkhet Sesheshet was probably the daughter of Teti.
Kakhent	|	4th dynasty	fl. c. 26th century BC	A son of Nefermaat, the eldest son of pharaoh Sneferu and Itet.
Kamose	|	17th dynasty	fl. c. mid-16th century BC	The last king of the Theban 17th dynasty (reigned c.1555 BC – c.1550 BC). He was probably the son of Seqenenre Tao II and Ahhotep I and brother of Ahmose I, founder of the Eighteenth Dynasty.
Kanefer	|	4th dynasty	fl. c. 26th century BC	The son of pharaoh Sneferu.
Kapes	|	22nd dynasty	fl. c. early 9th century BC	Wife of pharaoh Takelot I and the mother of Pharaoh Osorkon II.
Karomama A	Karomama	|	22nd dynasty	fl. c. mid-10th century BC	Wife of pharaoh Sheshonk I and the mother of Pharaoh Osorkon I. Her name is sometimes given as Karamat
Karomama (queen)	Karomama I	|	22nd dynasty	fl. c. mid-9th century BC	Wife of pharaoh Osorkon II. Karomama was probably a daughter of Pharaoh Takelot I.
Karomama II	|	23rd dynasty	fl. c. mid-9th century BC	Takelot II. Karomama was a daughter of the High Priest of Amun Nimlot C>Nimlot and his wife Tentsepeh. Karomama was the mother of pharaoh Osorkon III.
Karomama Meritmut	|	22nd dynasty	fl. c. mid-9th century BC	A God's Wife of Amun during the 22nd dynasty. Possibly a daughter of Pharaoh Osorkon II.
Kashta	|	Second Intermediate Period	fl. c. mid-8th century BC	A king of the Kushite Dynasty (reigned c. 760 BC – c. 752 BC). Kashta ruled Nubia and he also exercised a strong degree of control over Upper Egypt. During his reign, the native Kushite population adopted Egyptian traditions, religion and culture.
Kawab	|	4th dynasty	fl. c. 26th century BC	He was the eldest son of Pharaoh Khufu and Queen Meritites I and half-brother of pharaohs Djedefre and Khafre.
Kekheretnebti	|	5th dynasty	fl. c. 24th century BC	A daughter of Pharaoh Djedkare Isesi.
Keminub	|	12th dynasty or Second Intermediate Period	fl. c. late-20th century BC	An Egyptian noblewoman with the title king's wife who was buried next to the pyramid of the 12th dynasty pharaoh Amenemhet II at Dahshur. For that reason it has been suggested she was his wife. May date to a later period however.
Khaba	|	3rd dynasty	fl. c. 27th century BC	He was successor to the pharaoh Sekhemkhet and he was probably a son of Sekhemkhet.
Khabash	|	Persian Occupation	fl. mid-4th century BC	A noble based at Sais in Lower Egypt. During the second Persian occupation of Egypt (343–332 BC) he led a revolt against the Persian rule with his eldest son. During the 330s BC, Khabash led an invasion into the kingdom of Kush but was defeated by king Nastasen. Also known as Khababash.
Khabekhnet	|	19th dynasty	fl. c. late-13th century BC	He served during the reigns of the pharaoh Ramesses II.
Khaemtir	|	19th dynasty	fl. c. late-13th century BC	He served during the reigns of the pharaohs Amenmesse and Seti II.
Khaemwaset (18th dynasty)	Khaemweset	|	18th dynasty	fl. c. early-14th century BC	He was probably the son of Pharaoh Amenhotep II.
Khaemweset	|	19th dynasty	fl. c. late-13th century BC	A son of Ramesses II and queen Isetnofret. He was a Sem-Priest and later High Priest of Ptah and governor of Memphis. Khaemwaset restored the monuments of earlier kings, such as Shepseskaf, Sahure and Nyuserre Ini, and restored the pyramid of Unas at Saqqara.
Khaemwaset (20th dynasty)	Khaemweset	|	20th dynasty	fl. c. early-12th century BC	A son of Pharaoh Ramesses III. He was a priest of Ptah in Memphis.
Khafra	|	4th dynasty	fl. c. 26th century BC	He reigned c.2558 BC – c.2532 BC. He was a brother of Djedefre. Khafra had his capital at Memphis and built the second largest pyramid at Giza and is thought to have built the Great Sphinx.
Princess Khamerernebty	Khamerernebty	|	5th dynasty	fl. c. 25th century BC	A daughter of the 5th dynasty King Nyuserre Ini and was married to the King's vizier, Ptahshepses.
Khamerernebty I	|	4th dynasty	fl. c. 26th century BC	She was probably a wife of the pharaoh Khafra and the mother of Menkaura and Khamerernebty II.
Khamerernebty II	|	4th dynasty	fl. c. 26th century BC	She was probably the daughter of Pharaoh Khafre and Queen Khamerernebty I and was married to her brother Menkaura.
Khamudi	|	15th dynasty	fl. c. mid-16th century	The last pharaoh of the Hyksos 15th dynasty of Egypt (reigned c.1555 BC – c.1544 BC), who ruled in the northern portion of Egypt. He was defeated by the founding pharaoh of the 18th dynasty, Ahmose I.
Khasekhemwy	|	2nd dynasty	fl. c. 27th century BC	Thought to be the last king of the 2nd dynasty of Egypt. He led several significant military campaigns and built several monuments, still extant, mentioning war against the Northerners.
Khawy	|	19th dynasty	fl. c. mid-13th century BC	A guardian in the Place of Truth and servitor of Amun of Opet (Luxor) during the reign of Egyptian pharaoh, Ramesses II.
Khay (Vizier)	Khay	|	19th dynasty	fl. c. mid-13th century BC	A vizier in the latter part of pharaoh Ramesses II. Khay was the son of Hai and Nub-em-niut.
Khayu	|	Pre-dynastic		Predynastic ancient Egyptian king who ruled in the Nile Delta.
Khedebneithirbinet I	|	26th dynasty	fl. c. late-7th century BC	She was probably the wife of the 26th dynasty pharaoh Necho II. She was the mother of his successor, Psamtik II.
Khendjer	Khendjer Userkare	|	13th dynasty	fl. c. late 18th century BC	Khendjer was the earliest known Semitic king of an Egyptian dynasty.
Khenemetneferhedjet I	Khenemetneferhedjet I Weret	|	12th dynasty	fl. c. early-19th century BC	A wife of King Senusret II and the mother of Senusret III.
Khenemetneferhedjet II	Khenemetneferhedjet II Weret	|	12th dynasty	fl. c. mid-19th century BC	A wife of King Senusret III.
Khenemetneferhedjet III	|	12th dynasty	fl. c. late-19th century BC	She was the wife of King Amenemhet III.
Khensa	|	25th dynasty	fl. c. mid-8th century BC	Khensa was the sister-wife of the Pharaoh Piye. Her name is sometimes written as Khenensaiuw.
Khentetka	|	4th dynasty	fl. c. 26th century BC	Khentetka was the wife of the pharaoh Djedefra.
Khenthap	|	1st dynasty	fl. c. 31st century BC	Kenthap was the mother of Djer and was probably the wife of King Hor-Aha.
Khentimeresh	|	4th dynasty	fl. c. 26th century BC	A son of Nefermaat, the eldest son of pharaoh Sneferu, and Itet.
Khentkaus I	|	4th dynasty	fl. c. 25th century BC	She was a daughter of Menkaure, possibly a wife of Shepseskaf and mother of Userkaf.
Khentkaus II	|	5th dynasty	fl. c. 25th century BC	She was a wife of Egyptian Pharaoh Neferirkare Kakai. She was the mother of Neferefre and Nyuserre Ini.
Khenut	|	5th dynasty	fl. c. 24th century BC	A wife of King Unas.
Kheti (vizier)	Kheti	|	12th dynasty	fl. c. late-19th century BC	Vizier under king Amenemhet III.
Khnumhotep and Niankhkhnum	Khnumhotep	|	5th dynasty		Overseer of the Manicurists in the Palace of King Niuserre. Shares a tomb with Niankhkhnum.
Khnumhotep III	|	12th dynasty	fl. c. early-19th century BC	He was the son of the local governor Khnumhotep II, and was promoted high steward and then vizier under Senusret II.
Khufu	|	4th dynasty	fl. c. 26th century BC	The second pharaoh of the 4th Dynasty (reigned c.2589 BC – c.2566 BC). He is generally accepted as being the builder of the Great Pyramid of Giza. Greek name: Cheops.
Khufukhaf	|	4th dynasty	fl. c. 26th century BC	Khufukhaf was a son of Pharaoh Khufu and brother of pharaohs Djedefre and Khafre. His mother might have been Queen Henutsen. His wife was Nefertkau II and she was buried with him in Giza.
Khuit I	|	5th dynasty	fl. c. 25th century BC	Khuit I was possibly the wife of Pharaoh Menkauhor Kaiu.
Khuit (II)	|	6th dynasty	fl. c. 24th century BC	Wife of King Teti.
Khyan	|	15th dynasty	fl. c. early-16th century BC	A king of the Hyksos 15th dynasty of Egypt. Also known as Seuserenre Khyan, Khian or ''Khayan'''.
Kiya	|	18th dynasty	fl. c. mid-14th century BC	One of the wives of Pharaoh Akhenaten.

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!style="width: 150px;" 26th dynasty Princess Prince

Name !	style="width: 100px;"|Main Title !! style="width: 90px;"|Dynasty !!align="center" style="width: 150px;"|Date!! |Comment
Ladice (Cyrenaean Princess)	Ladice	Queen	|	fl. c. 6th century BC	The daughter of the Greek Cyrenaean King Battus III of Cyrene
[[Lagus	|	Ptolemaic	fl. c. 4th century BC	Arsinoe of Macedonia>Arsinoe, daughter of Meleager, and reputed father of Ptolemy I Soter.
Lysandra	|	Ptolemaic	fl. c. 3rd century BC	Ptolemy I Soter and Eurydice of Egypt>Eurydice, the daughter of Antipater.
Lysimachus of Egypt	Lysimachus	|	Ptolemaic	fl. c. late 3rd century BC	A son of king Ptolemy II Philadelphus and queen Arsinoe I. He survived both his brother Ptolemy III Euergetes and his nephew, Ptolemy IV Philopator, but was put to death by Sosibius, the minister and guardian of Ptolemy V Epiphanes.

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!style="width: 150px;" 19th dynasty God's Wife of Amun Queen King of Cyrene Noble Wet-Nurse Noble King of Kush Historian, Priest High Priest of Amun High Priest of Amun Treasurer Queen Princess Treasurer Pharaoh Queen Pharaoh Pharaoh Pharaoh High Priest of Amun High Priest of Amun Prince High Priest of Amun Artisan, Scribe Prince Prince Treasurer Queen Pharaoh Pharaoh Pharaoh Pharaoh Pharaoh Pharaoh Queen Vizier Pharaoh Pharaoh Pharaoh Princess Vizier Priestess Queen Queen Queen Queen Princess Queen Pharaoh Pharaoh Princess Queen Princess-Queen Princess Queen Princess Queen Physician Pharaoh Queen Pharaoh Prince Queen Official High Priest of Re High Priest of Re Viceroy of Kush High Priest of Amun High Priest of the Aten Steward Vizier Vizier Queen Prince Vizier Nobleman High Priest of Amun Overseer of the Works Supervisor of Palace Attendants, Overseer of Messengers Prince, Princess Queen Queen Queen Queen

Name !	style="width: 100px;"|Main Title !! style="width: 90px;"|Dynasty !!align="center" style="width: 150px;"|Date!! |Comment
Maathorneferure	Queen	|	fl. c. mid-13th century BC	The daughter of the Hittite king Hattusili III and his wife Queen Pudukhepa. She was a sister of Hittite king Tudhaliya IV. Maathorneferure married the Egyptian 19th dynasty Pharaoh Ramesses II.
Maatkare Mutemhat	|	21st dynasty	fl. c. mid to late-11th century BC	She was the daughter of High Priest of Amun, Pinedjem I, who was the de facto ruler of Southern Egypt from 1070 BC onwards.
Maatkare B	Maatkare	|	21st dynasty	fl. c. late-10th century BC	Wife of pharaoh Osorkon I and the mother of pharaoh Sheshonk II. Maatkare was a daughter of Psusennes II.
Magas of Cyrene	|	Ptolemaic	fl. c. mid-3rd century BC	Following the death of Ptolemy I, Magas tried to gain independence for Cyrene, until he crowned himself king around 276 BC. Magas and Antiochus agreed on a joint attack on Egypt but the armies of Ptolemy II defeated them. Magas managed to maintain Cyrene's independence until his death.
Mahu (noble)	|	18th dynasty	fl. c. 14th century BC	Mahu was Chief of Police at Akhetaten.
Maia (nurse)	Maia (or Matia)	|	18th dynasty	fl. c. mid-14th century BC)	The wet-nurse of the Egyptian 18th dynasty king Tutankhamun.
Maiherpri	|	18th dynasty	fl. c. late 15th century BC	An Egyptian noble of Nubian origin. He probably lived during the rule of the 18th dynasty king Thutmose IV. He probably grew up in the royal nursery as a prince of a vassal territory and as an adult was an advisor or bodyguard to the pharaoh.
Malewiebamani	|		fl. c. mid-5th century BC	A Kushite King of Meroe (reigned c.463 BC – c.435 BC). Malewiebamani's mother was probably Queen Saka'aye. Malewiebamani was the son of either Nasakhma (whom he succeeded) or Siaspiqa.
Manetho	|	Ptolemaic	fl. c. mid-3rd century BC	An Egyptian historian and priest from Sebennytos who lived during the Ptolemaic era. He was probably a priest of the sun god Ra at Heliopolis. Manetho wrote the Aegyptiaca (History of Egypt) which is of great interest to Egyptologists and used as evidence for the chronology of the reigns of pharaohs.
Masaharta	|	21st dynasty	fl. c. mid-11th century BC	He succeeded his father, Pinedjem I, who had been also been the de facto ruler of Upper Egypt from 1070 BC. Masaharta's mother was Duathathor-Henuttawy, the daughter of Ramesses XI.
Maya (High Priest of Amun)	Maya	|	18th dynasty	fl. c. mid-14th century BC	High Priest of Amun during the reign of king Akhenaten.
Maya (Egyptian)	Maya	|	18th dynasty	fl. c. late-14th century BC	Overseer of the Treasury during the reign of the pharaohs Tutankhamun, Ay and Horemheb. Maya collected taxes and performed other services such as supervising the preparation of their tombs.
Mehytenweskhet	|	26th dynasty	fl. c. mid-7th century BC	Daughter of the High Priest of Re Harsiese, and the Great Royal Wife of pharaoh Psamtik I. Mehytenweskhet was the mother of Necho II, the Divine Adoratrice of Amun Nitocris I and a daughter, Meryetneith.
Meketaten	|	18th dynasty	fl. c. mid-14th century BC	A daughter of Pharaoh Akhenaten and his wife Nefertiti.
Meketre	|	11th dynasty	fl. c. 21st century BC	Chancellor (treasurer) and chief steward during the reign of the 11th dynasty Egyptian kings Mentuhotep II and Mentuhotep III.
Menes	|	1st dynasty	fl. 31st century BC	Pharaoh of the early dynastic period, credited by classical tradition with having united Upper and Lower Egypt, and being the founder of the 1st dynasty of Egypt.
Menhet, Menwi and Merti	Menhet	|	18th dynasty	fl. c. mid-15th century BC	A minor foreign-born wife of pharaoh Thutmose III who was buried in a lavishly furnished rock-cut tomb in Wady Gabbanat el-Qurud.
Menkare	|	7th dynasty	fl. c. 22nd century BC	May have been a 7th dynasty king of Egypt during the First Intermediate Period.
Menkauhor Kaiu	|	5th dynasty	fl. c. 25th century BC	Menkauhor may have been a son of king Niuserre. Queen Meresankh IV and Queen Khuit I may have been consorts for Menkauhor. Menkauhor's successor, Djedkare Isesi, may have been his son.
Menkaure	|	4th dynasty	fl. c. 26th century BC	He reigned c. 2532 BC – c. 2503 BC, and ordered the construction of the third and smallest of the Pyramids of Giza. His chief queen was Khamerernebty II. He was the successor of Khafre.
Menkheperraseneb I	|	18th dynasty	fl. c. mid-15th century BC	High Priest of Amun during the reign of pharaoh Thutmose III. He was possibly the uncle of Menkheperreseneb II.
Menkheperreseneb II	|	18th dynasty	fl. c. mid-15th century BC	High Priest of Amun, Superintendent of the Gold and Silver Treasuries and Chief of the Overseers of Craftsmen. He served during the reign of pharaoh Thutmose III.
Menkheperre (prince)	Menkheperre	|	18th dynasty	fl. c. mid-15th century BC	One of two known sons of Pharaoh Thutmose III and his wife Merytre-Hatshepsut.
Menkheperre	|	21st dynasty	fl. c. late-11th century BC	A son of pharaoh Pinedjem I and queen Henuttawy. He was the High Priest of Amun at Thebes and de facto ruler of southern Egypt. Menkheperre married his niece Isetemkheb, daughter of his brother Psusennes I and wife Wiay.
Menna	|	18th dynasty	fl. c. early-14th century BC)	An Egyptian artisan and "Scribe of the Fields of the Lord of the Two Lands" probably during the reign of the 18th dynasty king Thutmose IV.
Mentuherkhepeshef (son of Ramesses III)	Mentuherkhepeshef	|	20th dynasty	fl. c. early-12th century BC	A prince during the 20th Dynasty of Egypt and one of the sons of Ramesses III and Iset Ta-Hemdjert.
Mentuherkhepeshef (son of Ramesses IX)	Mentuherkhepeshef	|	20th dynasty	fl. c. late-12th century BC	An Egyptian prince during the 20th dynasty, a son of Pharaoh Ramesses IX.
Mentuhotep (treasurer)	Mentuhotep	|	12th dynasty	fl. c. late-20th century BC	An Egyptian official and treasurer under the 12th dynasty pharaoh Senusret I.
Mentuhotep (queen)	Mentuhotep	|	16th dynasty	fl. c. late-17th century BC	She was possibly the queen consort of the pharaoh Djehuti Sekhemresementawy.
Mentuhotep I	|	11th dynasty	fl. c. 22nd century BC	A local Egyptian prince at Thebes who became the first acknowledged ruler of the 11th dynasty by assuming the title of first supreme chief of Upper Egypt and, later, declaring himself king over all Egypt.
Mentuhotep II	Mentuhotep II Nebhepetre	|	11th dynasty	fl. c. 21st century BC	The son of Intef III and Iah. His wife was Tem. His only known son was Mentuhotep III. He was able to effectively reunite ancient Egypt for the first time since the 6th dynasty.
Mentuhotep III	Mentuhotep III Sankhkare	|	11th dynasty	fl. c. 21st century BC	He continued the building program of his father Mentuhotep II.
Mentuhotep IV	Mentuhotep IV Nebtawyre	|	11th dynasty	fl. c. 20th century BC	The last king of the Egyptian 11th Dynasty (reigned c. 1997 BC – c. 1991 BC).
Mentuhotep V	Mentuhotep V Sewedjara	|	13th dynasty	fl. c. late-18th century BC	A pharaoh of Egypt in the 13th dynasty.
Mentuhotep VI	Mentuhotep VI Sankhenre	|	16th dynasty	fl. c. late-17th century BC	A pharaoh of Egypt of the 16th Theban dynasty based in Upper Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period. His predecessor was Sekhemre Sankhtawy Neferhotep III. Mentuhotep VI was succeeded by Nebiriau I.
Menhet, Menwi and Merti	Menwi	|	18th dynasty	fl. c. mid-15th century BC	A minor foreign-born wife of the 18th dynasty Egyptian pharaoh Thutmose III who was buried in a lavishly furnished rock-cut tomb in Wady Gabbanat el-Qurud.
Merefnebef	|	6th dynasty	fl. c. 24th century BC	He first served at the court of the pharaoh Teti, possibly became vizier during the reign of Userkare, and was dismissed during the reign of Pepi I. (or Unisankh and Fefi)
Merenhor	|	7th dynasty	fl. c. 22nd century BC	He may have been a 7th dynasty king of Egypt during the First Intermediate Period.
Merenre Nemtyemsaf I	|	6th dynasty	fl. c. 23rd century BC	Merenre was a son of Pepi I and Ankhesenpepi I.
Merenre Nemtyemsaf II	|	6th dynasty	fl. c. 22nd century BC	Briefly king during the 6th dynasty of Egypt (reigned c. 2184 BC – c. 2183 BC), succeeding his long-lived father Pepi II Neferkare.
Mereret (4th dynasty)	Mereret	|	4th dynasty	fl. c. 26th century BC	She was a daughter of Rahotep and Nofret and niece of pharaoh Khufu.
Mereruka	|	6th dynasty	fl. c. 24th century BC	He was the vizier to the pharaoh Teti and married Teti's daughter, Hert-watet-khet.
Meresamun	|		fl. c. 8th century BC	An ancient Egyptian singer-priestess in the inner sanctum at the temple in Karnak.
Meresankh I	|	3rd dynasty	fl. c. 27th century BC	Possibly a lesser wife of pharaoh Huni. Meresankh was the mother of the 4th dynasty pharaoh Sneferu.
Meresankh II	|	4th dynasty	fl. c. 26th century BC	Meresankh II was a daughter of Khufu and Queen Meritites I. She was probably married her half-brother Djedefre, but it is also possible she married the pharaoh Khafra.
Meresankh III	|	4th dynasty	fl. c. 26th century BC	She was the daughter of Hetepheres II and Prince Kawab. She married king Khafra.
Meresankh IV	|	5th dynasty	fl. c. 25th century BC	She could have been queen to king Menkauhor Kaiu or Djedkare Isesi.
Meret-Isesi	|	5th dynasty	fl. c. 24th century BC	Her father was Pharaoh Djedkare.
Meretseger (queen)	Meretseger	|	12th dynasty	fl. c. mid-19th century BC	She was probably the wife of Senusret III. She was the first Egyptian queen consort to bear the title Great Royal Wife, which became the standard title for chief wives of pharaohs.
Merhotepre Ini	|	13th dynasty	fl. c. mid-17th century BC)	The son and successor of Merneferre Ay and a king of the late 13th dynasty of Egypt.
Merikare	|	21st dynasty	fl. c. 21st century BC	A pharaoh during the 10th dynasty of Egypt who controlled territories based around Herakleopolis.
Meritamen (daughter of Thutmose III)	Meritamen	|	18th dynasty	fl. c. mid-15th century BC	A daughter of Pharaoh Thutmose III and Merytre-Hatshepsut.
Meritamen	|	19th dynasty	fl. c. mid-13th century BC	A daughter and later Great Royal Wife of the 19th dynasty pharaoh Ramesses II. Her name is also written as Meritamun, Merytamen, Merytamun, and Meryt-Amen.
Meritaten	|	18th dynasty	fl. c. mid-14th century BC	Wife of pharaoh Smenkhkare. Meritaten was a daughter of pharaoh Akhenaten and queen Nefertiti. Meritaten also may have ruled as pharaoh in her own right under the name, Ankhkheperure Neferneferuaten.
Meritaten Tasherit	|	18th dynasty	fl. c. mid-14th century BC	She was probably the daughter of Meritaten, the eldest daughter of Pharaoh Akhenaten.
Meritites I	|	4th dynasty	fl. c. 26th century BC	Meritites was a daughter of Sneferu. Meritites married her elder half-brother the pharaoh Khufu.
Meritites II	|	4th dynasty	fl. c. 26th century BC	Daughter of pharaoh Khufu and his younger half-sister Meritites I. She married Akhethotep, who was a Director of the Palace.
Meritites IV	|	6th dynasty	fl. c. 24th century BC	She was a wife of king Pepi I.
Merit-Ptah	|	2nd dynasty	fl. c. 28th century BC	A female physician who lived during the 2nd dynasty in Egypt.
Merneferre Ay	|	13th dynasty	fl. c. mid-17th century BC	An Egyptian king during the 13th dynasty.
Merneith	|	1st dynasty	fl. c. 30th century BC	A queen consort and a regent of Egypt during the 1st dynasty. She may have been a ruler of Egypt in her own right. She was king Djet's senior royal wife and the mother of Den.
Merneptah	|	19th dynasty	fl. c. mid to late-13th century BC	He was a son of Ramesses II. Merneptah had to carry out several military campaigns during his reign,including against the Libyans, who he defeated with the assistance of the Sea Peoples.
Merenptah (prince)	Merenptah	|	19th dynasty	fl. c. mid-13th century BC	An Egyptian prince during the 19th dynasty, who was probably the son of the pharaoh Merenptah.
Menhet, Menwi and Merti	Merti	|	18th dynasty	fl. c. mid-15th century BC	A minor foreign-born wife of the 18th dynasty Egyptian pharaoh Thutmose III who was buried in a lavishly furnished rock-cut tomb in Wady Gabbanat el-Qurud.
Meru (overseer of sealers)	Meru	|	11th dynasty	fl. c. 21st century BC	An Egyptian official under king Mentuhotep II during the 11th dynasty. Meru was overseer of sealers at the royal court and therefore one of the highest state officials.
Meryatum	|	19th dynasty	fl. c. mid-13th century BC	An Egyptian prince and High Priest of Re, the son of the 19th dynasty pharaoh Ramesses II and Nefertari.
Meryatum II	|	20th dynasty	fl. c. mid-12th century BC	An Egyptian prince and High Priest of Re. He was a son of the 20th dynasty pharaoh Ramesses III.
Merymose	|	18th dynasty	fl. c. mid-14th century BC	Viceroy of Kush under Amenhotep III. He served for almost the entire four decades of that reign.
Meryptah	|	18th dynasty	fl. c. mid-14th century BC	A High Priest of Amun during the reign of the 18th dynasty pharaoh Amenhotep III.
Meryre	|	18th dynasty	fl. c. mid-14th century BC	He was also Hereditary Noble and High Official and Fan-bearer on the Right Side of the King which emphasised his close relationship to the 18th dynasty king Akhenaten.
Meryre II	|	18th dynasty	fl. c. mid-14th century BC	Superintendent to the 18th dynasty Egyptian queen Nefertiti and was also Royal Scribe, Steward and Overseer of the Two Treasuries and of the Royal Harem of Nefertiti.
Merysekhmet	|	19th dynasty	fl. c. late-13th century BC	He served during the reign of the 19th dynasty pharaoh Merenptah.
Meryteti	|	6th dynasty	fl. c. 24th century BC	Served as vizier to Pepi I. He was the son of the vizier Mereruka. His mother was princess Sesheshet Watetkhetor.
Merytre-Hatshepsut	|	18th dynasty	fl. c. mid-15th century BC	Wife of pharaoh Thutmose III and the mother of Amenhotep II. She was the daughter of a priestess Hui.
Mindjedef	|	4th dynasty	fl. c. 26th century BC	He was probably a son of Prince Kawab and Hetepheres II. He was a grandson of Pharaoh Khufu.
Minkhaf I	|	4th dynasty	fl. c. 26th century BC	He was a son of Pharaoh Khufu. His mother may have been Queen Henutsen. He served as vizier during his father's reign.
Minkhaf II	|	4th dynasty	fl. c. 26th century BC	Great-nephew of Minkhaf I and great-grandson of Khufu.
Minmontu	|	18th dynasty	fl. c. mid-16th century BC	The High Priest of Amun during the reign of Ahmose I, an 18th dynasty king of Egypt.
Minmose	|	18th dynasty	fl. c. late-15th century BC	The overseer of works for the 18th dynasty pharaohs Thutmose III and Amenhotep II and took part in expeditions to Syria and Nubia.
Minnefer	|	5th dynasty
Montuherkhopshef (son of Ramesses III)	Montuherkhopshef	|	20th dynasty	fl. c. 12th century BC	One of the sons of Ramesses III and Iset Ta-Hemdjert
Mutbenret	|	18th dynasty	fl. c. mid-14th century BC	An Egyptian noblewoman and possibly the sister of the 18th dynasty Great Royal Wife Nefertiti. (or Benretmut)
Mutemwiya	|	18th dynasty	fl. c. early-14th century BC	A minor wife of the 18th dynasty Egyptian king Thutmose IV and the mother of Amenhotep III.
Mutnedjmet	|	18th dynasty	fl. c. late-14th century BC	Also known as Mutnedjemet, Mutnodjmet, and Mutnodjemet. She was the Great Royal Wife of Horemheb, the last king of the 18th dynasty.
Mutnedjmet (21st dynasty)	Mutnedjmet	|	21st dynasty	fl. c. late-11th century BC	She was the Great Royal Wife of her brother, Psusennes I, and was the mother of Pharaoh Amenemope. She was the daughter of the High Priest of Amun, Pinedjem I.
Mutnofret	|	18th dynasty	fl. c. late-16th century BC	A queen of Thutmose I, and the mother of Thutmose II. She was probably a daughter of Ahmose I and a sister of Amenhotep I.

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!style="width: 150px;" 18th dynasty Pharaoh General Pharaoh Queen Vizier Queen Queen Pharaoh King of Kush King of Kush Princess Vizier Prince Queen Vizier Princess Princess Princess Queen Princess- Queen Pharaoh Pharaoh Vizier Prince, Righ Priest of Re High Priest of Amun Pharaoh Pharaoh Queen Princess Princess High Priest of Amun Pharaoh King of Sais Pharaoh Pharaoh Pharaoh Queen Prince Princess Pharaoh Queen Princess Scribe Pharaoh Pharaoh Pharaoh Pharaoh Pharaoh Pharaoh Pharaoh Pharaoh Pharaoh Pharaoh Vizier Pharaoh Pharaoh Pharaoh Pharaoh Prince Pharaoh Pharaoh Vizier Vizier Pharaoh Princess Princess Vizier Vizier Queen Queen Queen Princess Queen Princess Princess Princess Princess Queen Princess Princess Princess Pharaoh Viceroy of Kush Queen Queen Pharaoh Pharaoh Pharaoh Pharaoh Pharaoh Pharaoh Prince Noble Woman Queen Queen Princess High Priest of Ptah Prince Pharaoh Pharaoh Vizier Queen High Priest of Amun Pharaoh / Queen God's Wife of Amun Princess Queen Princess Queen Queen Queen Granary Official Pharaoh Pharaoh

Name !	style="width: 100px;"|Main Title !! style="width: 90px;"|Dynasty !!align="center" style="width: 150px;"|Date!! |Comment
Nakht	Astronomer	|	fl. c. 14th century BC	Served during the reign of Tuthmose IV. Buried in TT52
Nakhthoreb	|	30th dynasty		See Nectanebo II
Nakhtmin	|	18th dynasty	fl. c. mid-14th century BC	A general during the reign of Pharaoh Tutankhamun. Nakhtmin may have been the son and heir of Pharaoh Ay but died before the end of the Ay’s reign.
Nakhtnebef	|	30th dynasty		See Nectanebo I
Nakhtneith	|	1st dynasty	fl. c. 31st century BC	Wife to king Djer.
Nakhtpaaten (or Nakht)	|	18th dynasty	fl. c. mid-14th century BC	Vizier of Pharaoh Akhenaten. Nakhtpaaten succeeded the vizier Ramose in office. Known from his tomb in Amarna.
Nakhtubasterau	|	26th dynasty	fl. c. mid-6th century BC	Wife of pharaoh Amasis II. Name also written as Nakhtbastetiru.
Naparaye	|	25th dynasty	fl. c. late-8th century BC	Naparaye was the daughter of King Piye and the sister-wife of King Taharqa.
Narmer	|	1st dynasty	fl. c. 31st century BC	The pharaoh who is thought to be the successor to the proto-dynastic pharaohs Scorpion and/or Ka, and possibly the unifier of Egypt and founder of the 1st dynasty, and therefore the first pharaoh of all Egypt.
Nasakhma	|		fl. c. mid-5th century BC	Kushite King of Meroe. He was the successor to king Siaspiqa. (or Nasakhmaqa)
Nastasen	|		fl. c. late-4th century BC	King of Kush (reigned c. 335 BC – c. 310 BC). He was probably the son of King Harsiotef and Queen Pelkha and his wife may have been Sekhmakh. Nastasen defeated an invasion of Kush from Upper Egypt led by a local ruler, Khabbash.
Nauny	|	21st dynasty	fl. c. mid-11th century BC	Also known as Nany or Entiuny. She was probably a daughter of High Priest, later Pharaoh Pinedjem I.
Nebamun (vizier)	Nebamun	|	18th- 19th dynasty	fl. c. early to mid-13th century BC	Vizier during the late 18th and early 19th dynasties of Egypt. He held that office from the reign of Horemheb to the reign of Ramesses II.
Nebemakhet	|	4th dynasty	fl. c. 26th century BC	He was the son of pharaoh Khafre and queen Meresankh III. He was Chief Justice and Vizier to the pharaoh Menkaure.
Nebet (queen)	Nebet	|	5th dynasty	fl. c. 24th century BC	The wife of king Unas.
Nebet	|	6th dynasty	fl. c. 24th century BC	A female vizier who held the office during the reign of Pepi I. Nebet’s two daughters, Ankhesenpepi I and Ankhesenpepi II married Pepi I. She was married to Khui and their son Djau was a vizier.
Nebetah	|	18th dynasty	fl. c. mid-14th century BC	Daughter of Amenhotep III and wife Tiye. She was a younger sister of Akhenaten.
Nebetia	|	18th dynasty	fl. c. mid-14th century BC	She was the granddaughter of Pharaoh Thutmose IV and the daughter of Prince Siatum.
Nebetiunet	|	18th dynasty	fl. c. mid-15th century BC	A daughter of Pharaoh Thutmose III and his wife Merytre-Hatshepsut.
Nebetnehat	|	18th dynasty	fl. c. 14th century BC	A Queen of an unidentified Pharaoh. Her name is only known from an alabaster canopic fragment found in the valley of the Queens.
Nebettawy	|	19th dynasty	fl. c. mid-13th century BC	The daughter and a Great Royal Wife of pharaoh Ramesses II.
Nebiryraw I	Nebiriau I Sewadjenre	|	16th dynasty	fl. c. early-16th century BC	Also known as Nebiryerawet I. A pharaoh of the 16th Theban dynasty based in Upper Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period.
Nebiriau II	|	16th dynasty	fl. c. 19th century BC	Also known as Nebiryerawet II. A pharaoh of the 16th Theban dynasty based in Upper Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period.
Nebit	|	16th dynasty	fl. c. early-16th century BC	Nebit was an Ancient Egyptian official under king Senusret III.
Nebmaatre (prince)	Nebmaatre	|	20th dynasty	fl. c. late-12th century BC	High Priest of Re in Heliopolis. He was probably a son of Ramesses IX.
Nebneteru Tenry	|	19th dynasty	fl. c. early-13th century BC	High Priest of Amun under pharaoh Seti I. Nebneteru's wife, Merytre, was Chief of the Harem of Amun.
Nebnuni	|	13th dynasty		See Nebnun(i) Semenkare.
Nebre	|	2nd dynasty		See Raneb.
Nebtu	|	18th dynasty	fl. c. mid-15th century BC	Wife of the 18th dynasty king, Thutmose III.
Nebtyemneferes	|	5th dynasty	fl. c. 24th century BC	Daughter of Pharaoh Djedkare.
Nebty-tepites	|	4th dynasty	fl. c. 26th century BC	Nebty-tepites was a daughter of Prince Horbaef and his half-sister Meresankh II. After Horbaef's death, Meresankh married either the pharaoh Djedefra or the pharaoh Khafra.
Nebwenenef	|	19th dynasty	fl. c. early-13th century BC	High Priest of Amun at the beginning of the reign of Ramesses II. Prior to that, Nebwenenef had served as High Priest of Anhur and High Priest of Hathor during the reign of Seti I.
Neby	|	7th dynasty		See Neferkare Neby.
Necho I	|	26th dynasty	fl. c. mid-7th century BC	Also known as Nekau I. Governor of the Egyptian city of Sais. He was the first attested local Saite king of the 26th dynasty of Egypt (reigned c. 672 BC–c. 664 BC). He was killed by an invading Kushite force under Tantamani.
Necho II	|	26th dynasty	fl. c. late-7th century BC	Also known as Nekau II (reigned c. 610 BC–c. 595 BC). Following the collapse of the Assyrian Empire, the Babylonians under Nebuchadrezzar II fought the armies of Pharaoh Necho II. The Egyptians were defeated and eventually expelled from Syria.
Nectanebo I	|	30th dynasty	reigned 380 BC – 362 BC	Also known as Nekhtnebef. Nectanebo deposed and killed Nefaarud II, starting the last dynasty of Egyptian kings. He spent much of his reign defending his kingdom against Persian reconquest but still erected many monuments and temples.
Nectanebo II	|	30th dynasty	reigned 360 BC – 343 BC	Also known as Nakhthoreb, the last king of the 30th dynasty and the last native Egyptian ruler in antiquity. He was placed on the throne by the Spartan king Agesilaus II, who helped him overthrow Teos and fight off a rival pretender. Nectanebo II was defeated by the Persian king Artaxerxes III, and went into exile in Nubia. Egypt once again became a satrapy of the Persian Empire.
Nedjeftet	|	6th dynasty	fl. c. 24th century BC	Wife of pharaoh Pepi I.
Nedjem	|	18th dynasty	fl. c. late-15th century BC	He was a son of Pharaoh Amenhotep II.
Nedjemib	|	4th dynasty	fl. c. 26th century BC	She was a daughter of Rahotep and Nofret and niece of pharaoh Khufu.
Neferefre	|	5th dynasty	fl. c. 25th century BC	Also known as Raneferef. He reigned c. 2460 BC – c. 2453 BC.
Neferetnebty	|	5th dynasty	fl. c. 25th century BC	A wife of pharaoh Sahure. Her name is sometimes written as Neferet-ha-Nebti, or Neferetnebti.
Neferhetepes	|	4th dynasty	fl. c. 26th century BC	A daughter of Pharaoh Djedefre.
Neferhotep (scribe of the great enclosure)	Neferhotep	|	13th dynasty	fl. c. mid-18th century BC	A 13th dynasty Egyptian official and scribe.
Neferhotep I	|	13th dynasty	fl. c. late-18th century BC	He was the son of a Theban military family and brother of King Sobekhotep IV.
Neferhotep III	Neferhotep III Sekhemre Sankhtawy	|	16th dynasty	fl. c. late-17th century BC	A king during the Theban 16th Dynasty.
Neferirkare	|	8th dynasty	fl. c. 22nd century BC	He reigned c. 2161 BC – c. 2160 BC, during the First Intermediate Period.
Neferirkare Kakai	|	5th dynasty	fl. c. 25th century BC	He reigned c. 2477 BC – c. 2467 BC. He married Queen Khentkaus II.
Neferkahor	|	7th dynasty	fl. c. 22nd century BC	May have been a 7th dynasty king of Egypt during the First Intermediate Period.
Neferkamin	|	7th dynasty	fl. c. 22nd century BC	May have been a 7th dynasty king of Egypt during the First Intermediate Period.
Neferkamin Anu	|	8th dynasty	fl. c. 22nd century BC	May have been an 8th dynasty king of Egypt during the First Intermediate Period.
Neferkara I	|	8th dynasty	fl. c. 22nd century BC	May have been a 7th dynasty king of Egypt during the First Intermediate Period.
Neferkare II	|	7th dynasty	fl. c. 22nd century BC	May have been a 7th dynasty king of Egypt during the First Intermediate Period.
Neferkare, ninth dynasty	Neferkare III	|	9th dynasty	fl. c. 22nd century BC	A king during the 9th dynasty of Egypt controlling territories based around Herakleopolis.
Neferkare Iymeru	|	13th dynasty		An Egyptian vizier under king Sobekhotep IV.
Neferkare Khendu	|	7th dynasty	fl. c. 22nd century BC	May have been a 7th dynasty king of Egypt during the First Intermediate Period.
Neferkare Neby	|	7th dynasty	fl. c. 22nd century BC	May have been a 7th dynasty king of Egypt during the First Intermediate Period. His mother was probably Queen Ankhesenpepi II and his father was probably Pepi II Neferkare.
Neferkare Pepiseneb	|	8th dynasty	fl. c. 22nd century BC	May have been an 8th dynasty king of Egypt during the First Intermediate Period.
Neferkare Tereru	|	7th dynasty	fl. c. 22nd century BC	May have been a 7th dynasty king of Egypt during the First Intermediate Period.
Neferkau	|	4th dynasty	fl. c. 26th century BC	He was a son of Rahotep and Nofret and nephew of pharaoh Khufu.
Neferkauhor	|	8th dynasty	fl. c. 22nd century BC	He reigned c. 2163 BC–c. 2161 BC, during the First Intermediate Period.
Neferkaure II	|	8th dynasty	fl. c. 22nd century BC	He reigned c. 2167 BC–c. 2163 BC, during the First Intermediate Period.
Nefermaat I	|	4th dynasty	fl. c. 26th century BC	A son of pharaoh Sneferu. He was a vizier and was a half-brother of Khufu. Nefermaat's wife was Itet.
Nefermaat II	|	4th dynasty	fl. c. 26th century BC	Vizier during the reign of his cousin pharaoh Khafra. Nefermaat was a son of Princess Nefertkau .
Neferneferuaten	Neferneferuaten Ankhkheperure	|	18th dynasty	fl. c. mid-14th century BC	A female Egyptian pharaoh (reigned c.1335 BC – c.1333 BC) toward the end of the Amarna era during the 18th Dynasty. She was probably a daughter of pharaoh Akhenaten.
Neferneferuaten Tasherit	|	18th dynasty	fl. c. mid-14th century BC	A daughter of Pharaoh Akhenaten and his Great Royal Wife Nefertiti.
Neferneferure	|	18th dynasty	fl. c. mid-14th century BC	A daughter of Pharaoh Akhenaten and Great Royal Wife Nefertiti.
Neferronpet	|	19th dynasty	fl. c. mid-13th century BC)	An Egyptian vizier and a High Priest of Ptah during the reign of pharaoh Ramesses II.
Nefersheshemre called Seshi	|	6th dynasty	fl. c. 24th century BC	A vizier during the early to middle part of the reign of the 6th dynasty Egyptian pharaoh Teti.
Nefertari (18th dynasty)	Nefertari	|	18th dynasty	fl. c. late-15th century BC	The first Great Royal Wife of Pharaoh Thutmose IV.
Nefertari	|	19th dynasty	fl. c. mid-13th century BC	Also known as Nefertari Merytmut, one of the Great Royal Wives of pharaoh Ramesses II.
Neferthenut	|	12th dynasty	fl. c. mid-19th century BC	She was probably the wife of pharaoh Senusret III.
Nefertiabet	|	4th dynasty	fl. c. 26th century BC	She was a daughter of Pharaoh Khufu and sister of Hetepheres II and Khafra.
Nefertiti	|	18th dynasty	fl. c. mid-14th century BC	The Great Royal Wife of Pharaoh Akhenaten. Nefertiti is also known for her bust which was attributed to the sculptor Thutmose.
Nefertkau I	|	4th dynasty	fl. c. 26th century BC	A daughter of pharaoh Sneferu and a half-sister to Khufu.
Nefertkau II	|	4th dynasty	fl. c. 26th century BC	The wife and sister of Prince Khufukhaf I, son of the 4th dynasty pharaoh Khufu.
Nefertkau III	|	4th dynasty	fl. c. 26th century BC	She was probably a daughter of Meresankh II and Prince Horbaef. She was married to an official named Iynefer.
Nefertnesu	|	4th dynasty	fl. c. 26th century BC	She was a daughter of pharaoh Sneferu and she was a half-sister to pharaoh Khufu.
Neferu III	|	12th dynasty	fl. c. mid-20th century BC	She was a daughter of Amenemhat I, wife of her brother, Senusret I, and the mother of Amenemhat II.
Neferuptah	|	12th dynasty	fl. c. late-19th century BC	Also known as Ptahneferu, a daughter of the Egyptian king Amenemhat III of the 12th dynasty. Her sister was the Pharaoh Sobekneferu.
Neferure	|	18th dynasty	fl. c. early-15th century BC	The daughter of two pharaohs, Hatshepsut and Thutmose II. She served in high offices in the Egyptian government and the religious administration.
Nefrubity	|	18th dynasty	fl. c. early-15th century BC	She is sometimes called Akhbetneferu. She was the daughter of Pharaoh Thutmose I and Ahmose, the sister of Hatshepsut and the half-sister of Thutmose II.
Nehesy	|	14th dynasty	fl. c. late-18th century BC	A ruler during the 14th dynasty of Egypt of the Second Intermediate Period.
Nehi (Viceroy of Kush)	Nehi	|	18th dynasty		Nehy was in office under Thutmose III.
Neith (wife of Pepi II)	Neith	|	6th dynasty	fl. c. 23rd century BC	One of the queens of the 6th dynasty pharaoh Pepi II. Neith was probably a daughter of the pharaoh Pepi I and queen Ankhesenpepi I, making her half-sister to pharaoh Pepi II. Neith may be the mother of pharaoh Nemtyemsaf II.
Neithhotep	|	1st dynasty	fl. c. 31st century BC	Queen of Egypt, and likely wife of Narmer.
Neitiqerty Siptah	|	6th dynasty	fl. c. 22nd century BC	He reigned c. 2183 BC – c. 2181 BC, and was an obscure successor to Merenre Nemtyemsaf II towards the end of the 6th dynasty of Egypt.
Nekauba	|	26th dynasty	fl. c. mid-7th century BC	He reigned c. 678 BC – c. 672 BC) during the 26th Saite dynasty of Egypt.
Nemtyemsaf I	|	6th dynasty		see Merenre Nemtyemsaf I
Nemtyemsaf II	|	6th dynasty		see Merenre Nemtyemsaf II
Nepherites I	|	29th dynasty	reigned 399 BC – 393 BC	Also known as Nefaarud I. He founded the 29th dynasty of Egypt by defeating and then executing Amyrtaeus. Nepherites was a native of Mendes, which he made his capital. He supported Sparta in its war against the Persians by supplying them with grain and ship building material.
Nepherites II	|	29th dynasty	reigned 380 BC	Also known as Nefaarud II, a pharaoh of Egypt. Following the death of his father Hakor, he was the last pharaoh of the 29th dynasty. He was deposed and killed by Nectanebo I after ruling Egypt for only 4 months.
Neserkauhor	|	5th dynasty	fl. c. 24th century BC	He was a son of Djedkare Isesi.
Nesitanebetashru	|	21st dynasty	fl. c. early-10th century BC	A daughter of the Egyptian nobleman and High Priest of Amun, Pinedjem II, and his wife Neskhons.
Nesitanebetashru	|	22nd dynasty	fl. c. mid-9th century BC	The wife of Sheshonk II and the mother of Pharaoh Harsiese. She was also a Chantress of Amun.
Nesitaudjatakhet	|	22nd dynasty	fl. c. 9th century BC	Nesitaudjatakhet was a wife of Pharaoh Sheshonk II and the mother of Prince Osorkon D.
Neskhons	|	21st dynasty	fl. c. late-11th century BC	She was the daughter of Smendes II and Takhentdjehuti, and wed her paternal uncle, High Priest Pinedjem II.
Neterkheperre Meryptah called Pipi II	Neterkheperre Meryptah called Pipi II	|	21st dynasty	fl. c. early-10th century BC	He was High Priest of Ptah during the reigns of the pharaohs Psusennes I, Amenemope, Osochor and Siamun.
Netjeraperef	|	4th dynasty	fl. c. 26th century BC	A son of the Egyptian pharaoh Sneferu. He was a half-brother of Khufu and nephew to Hetepheres I.
Netjerkare	|	7th dynasty	fl. c. 22nd century BC	May have been a 7th dynasty king of Egypt during the First Intermediate Period.
Nikare	|	7th dynasty	fl. c. 22nd century BC	May have been a 7th dynasty king of Egypt during the First Intermediate Period.
Nikaure	|	4th dynasty	fl. c. 26th century BC	A prince, chief justice and vizier during the 4th dynasty. Nikaure was a son of Pharaoh Khafre and Queen Persenet. His wife was Nikanebti.
Nimaethap	|	2nd dynasty	fl. c. 27th century BC	A queen of Egypt at the end of the 2nd dynasty. Wife of Pharaoh Khasekhemwy.
Nimlot C	Nimlot	|	22nd dynasty	fl. c. mid-9th century BC	A High Priest of Amun at Thebes during the latter part of the reign of his father, pharaoh Osorkon II.
Nitocris	|	6th dynasty	fl. c. 22nd century BC	May have been the last pharaoh of the Egyptian 6th Dynasty. However, her historicity has been questioned.
Nitocris I	|	26th dynasty	fl. c. mid-7th to early-6th century BC	Also known as Nitiqret, she was the Divine Adoratrice of Amun or God's Wife of Amun for over 70 years. She was the daughter of the Saite pharaoh Psamtik I.
Nofret	|	4th dynasty	fl. c. 26th century BC	A noblewoman and princess who lived during the 4th dynasty of Egypt. Nofret married Prince Rahotep, who was a son of Pharaoh Sneferu.
Nofret II	|	12th dynasty	fl. c. early-19th century BC	She was a daughter of Amenemhat II and wife of Senusret II.
Nubhetepti-khered	|	13th dynasty	fl. c. mid-18th century BC	An Egyptian king's daughter during the 13th dynasty. Probably a daughter of King Hor.
Nubkhaes (13th dynasty)	Nubkhaes	|	13th dynasty	fl. c. mid-17th century BC	A 13th dynasty Egyptian queen whose husband is assumed to be one of the successors of pharaoh Sobekhotep IV.
Nubkhesbed	|	20th dynasty	fl. c. mid-12th century BC	She was the Great Royal Wife of Pharaoh Ramesses VI and mother of Pharaoh Ramesses VII.
Nubwenet	|	6th dynasty	fl. c. 24th century BC	Also known as Nebuunet, an Egyptian queen consort and a wife of the 6th dynasty pharaoh Pepi I.
Nykara	|	5th dynasty	fl. c. 25th century BC	Known from a granite statue of Nykara and his family, now at the Brooklyn Museum.
Nynetjer	|	2nd dynasty	fl. c. 28th century BC	A king during the 2nd dynasty of Egypt. It is possible that he was a son of Raneb.
Nyuserre	Nyuserre Ini	|	5th dynasty	fl. c. 25th century BC	Also known as Neuserre Izi, Niuserre Isi, Nyuserra, and Rathoris. A 5th dynasty pharaoh of Egypt (reigned c. 2453 BC – c. 2422 BC).

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!style="width: 150px;" 21st dynasty Pharaoh Pharaoh Pharaoh Pharaoh

Name !	style="width: 100px;"|Main Title !! style="width: 90px;"|Dynasty !!align="center" style="width: 150px;"|Date!! |Comment
Osorkon the Elder	Pharaoh	|	fl. c. early-10th century BC	Osorkon Akheperre Setepenre reigned c. 992 BC – c. 986 BC, and was the first pharaoh of Libyan extraction to rule Egypt. He was the son of Shoshenq, the Great Chief of the Ma.
Osorkon I	|	22nd dynasty	reigned c. 922 BC – c. 887 BC	He was the son of Sheshonk I and his chief consort, Karomat. Osorkon I's reign was long and prosperous and is known for many temple building projects.
Osorkon II	|	22nd dynasty	reigned c. 872 BC – c. 837 BC	Takelot I and Queen Kapes. He ruled Egypt from Tanis. After succeeding his father, he faced a revolt from his cousin, Harsiese A>Harsiese, who controlled Thebes. However, Osorkon II was able to unite Egypt after Harsiese's death. Further names include '''Usermaatre Setepenamun''.
Osorkon III	|	23rd dynasty	reigned c. 798 BC – c. 769 BC	Usermaatre Setepenamun Si-Ese was a pharaoh of Upper Egypt based in Thebes. He was also a High Priest of Amun. He was a son of Takelot II and Queen Karomama II. During his reign, he defeated the rival forces of Sheshonk IV.
Osorkon IV	|	22nd dynasty	fl. c. mid-8th century BC	A ruler of Lower Egypt who was based in Tanis and therefore one of the 22nd dynasty pharaoh Shoshenq V's successors.

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!style="width: 150px;" 25th dynasty Chief Steward Princess High Priest of Ptah Pharaoh Chief servitor of the Aten Prophet of Amenhotep (I) of the Forecourt Vizier Vizier Prince Prince High Priest of Amun Royal Butler Viceroy of Kush Vizier Viceroy of Kush Artisan Queen Mayor of Western Thebes Chief of the Archers Nubian Queen Chief of the Chamber Priest Local Ruler High Priest of Ptah Administrator Pharaoh Pharaoh Queen Queen General Vizier Prince Physician, Chamberlain Vizier Pharaoh Pharaoh Pharaoh Prince Queen (Female) physician Pharaoh High Priest of Amun Commissioner Prince High Priest of Amun High Priest of Amun Viceroy of Kush High Priest of Ptah Pharaoh Regent Vizier Vizier Pharaoh Pharaoh Pharaoh Pharaoh Pharaoh Pharaoh High Priest of Amun Vizier High Priest of Ptah Vizier Vizier Prince Prince Prince Prince Prince Pharaoh Pharaoh Pharaoh Pharaoh Pharaoh Pharaoh Pharaoh Pharaoh Pharaoh Pharaoh Pharaoh Pharaoh Pharaoh Pharaoh Pharaoh Second prophet of Amun Princess

Name !	style="width: 100px;"|Main Title !! style="width: 90px;"|Dynasty !!align="center" style="width: 150px;"|Date!! |Comment
Paanchi	Pharaoh	|		see Piye
Pabasa	|	26th dynasty	fl. c. mid-7th century BC	Chief Steward to the Divine Adoratrice of Amun, Nitocris I.
Pageti	|	4th dynasty	fl. c. 26th century BC	A daughter of Nefermaat, the eldest son of pharaoh Sneferu and Itet.
Pahemnetjer	|	19th dynasty	fl. c. mid-13th century BC	A High Priest of Ptah during the reign of Ramesses II. Pahemnetjer succeeded Huy as High Priest of Ptah.
Pami	Pami Usermaatre Setepenre	|	22nd dynasty	fl. c. mid-8th century BC	He reigned c. 785 BC – c. 778 BC, and was a member of the Meshwesh Libyans then ruling the country.
Panehesy (I)	|	18th dynasty	fl. c. 14th century BC	High Priest of the Aten in the temple of Aten in Akhetaten during the reign of Akhenaten.
Panehsy (TT16)	Panehesy (II)	|	19th dynasty	fl. c. 13th century BC	He served during the reign of Pharaoh Ramesses II.
Panehesy (Vizier)	Panehesy	|	19th dynasty	fl. c. late-13th century BC	He served during the reign of Pharaoh Merenptah.
Paraemheb	|	19th dynasty	fl. c. late-13th century BC	A vizier of Egypt during the reigns of the pharaohs Amenmesse and Seti II. Also known as Pre'em'hab.
Pareherwenemef	|	19th dynasty	fl. c. mid-13th century BC	He was a son of pharaoh Ramesses II and Queen Nefertari.
Pareherwenemef (20th dynasty)	Pareherwenemef	|	20th dynasty	fl. c. early-12th century BC	A son of pharaoh Ramesses III.
Parennefer called Wennefer	|	18th dynasty	fl. c. mid to late-14th century BC	High Priest of Amun during the reigns of the 18th dynasty pharaohs Tutankhamen and Horemheb.
Parennefer	|	18th dynasty	fl. c. mid-14th century BC	Pharaoh Akhenaten's close adviser both before and after Akhenaten came to the throne.
Paser I	|	18th dynasty	fl. c. 14th century BC	Paser I likely served during the reigns of Ay and Horemheb
Paser (Vizier)	Paser	|	19th dynasty	fl. c. early to mid-13th century BC	Vizier during the reigns of pharaohs Seti I and Ramesses II. Later he became a High Priest of Amun.
Paser II	|	19th dynasty	fl. c. 13th century BC	Paser II was the son of the High Priest of Min and Isis named Minmose. He was a King's son of Kush, overseer of the Southern Lands, and king's scribe.
Pashedu	|	19th dynasty	fl. c. 13th century BC	Lived in Deir el-Medina on the west bank of the Nile, opposite Thebes, during the reign of Seti I.
Patareshnes	|	22nd dynasty	fl. c. mid-10th century BC	Wife of pharaoh Sheshonk I. Her name is sometimes written as Patoreshnes or Penreshnes.
Paweraa	|	20th dynasty	fl. c. 11th century BC	Mayor of Western Thebes during a series of tomb robberies that occurred in the Valley of the Kings during the late New Kingdom.
Pawura	|	18th dynasty	fl. c. 14th century BC	An Egyptian official mentioned in the Amarna letters. He is referred to as an Egyptian "archer–commander" and an "irpi–official".
Pebatjma	|		fl. c. 8th century BC	Wife of King Kashta and mother of King Piye (possibly), King Shabaka, God's Wife Amenirdis I, Queens Khensa and Peksater.
Pebekkamen	|	20th dynasty	fl. c. early-12th century BC	One of the key conspirators in the Harem conspiracy, a plot to overthrow Pharaoh Ramesses III. Pebekkamen had served as chief of the chamber to Ramesses. Following his trial, Pebekkamen was executed.
Pediamenopet	|	25th and 26th dynasty	fl. c. late 8th century BC	A librarian, archivist and Chief Lector Priest during the Egyptian 25th and 26th dynasties who amassed enough wealth to build a labyrinthine tomb covered with frescoes and hieroglyphics.
Pediese	|	Third Intermediate Period	fl. c. late 8th century BC	Pediese, married to the great-great-granddaughter of Shoshenq III, was one of a number of princes ruling Lower Egypt. He was of Libyan descent, a chief of the Ma. He ruled from Athribis.
Pediese, chief of the Ma	|	Third Intermediate Period	fl. c. late 8th century BC	Apis (god)>Apis bull which had died in the 28th year of the reign of Shoshenq III.
Petiese	|	Persian Occupation, 26th dynasty	fl. c. 7th century BC	Petiese I, son of Ireturu, administered Upper Egypt. In 651 BCE he had his priestly offices confirmed by Psamtik I.
Pedubast I	|	23rd dynasty	fl. c. late-9th century BC	A king of Libyan ancestry (reigned c. 829 BC – c. 804 BC) . He was the main opponent to the 23rd dynasty Upper Egyptian pharaohs Takelot II and Osorkon III during a protracted civil war between these two competing sides.
Pedubast II	|	22nd dynasty	fl. c. mid-8th century BC	A pharaoh of Lower Egypt (reigned c. 740 BC – c. 730 BC) associated with the 22nd dynasty. He was a possible son and successor to Shoshenq V.
Peksater	|	25th dynasty	fl. c. mid-8th century BC	She was a daughter of King Kashta and Queen Pebatjma and a wife of the pharaoh, Piye.
Penebui	|	1st dynasty	fl. c. 31st century BC	Wife of King Djer.
Pennesuttawy	|	19th dynasty	fl. c. late-14th century BC	A general and superintendent of the Southern Lands (Kush) at the beginning of the 19th dynasty of Egypt. Pennesuttawy was a brother of the High Priest of Amun, Parennefer.
Pensekhmet	|	19th dynasty	fl. c. late-13th century BC	He served during the reign of the 19th dynasty pharaoh Merenptah.
Pentawer(et)	|	19th dynasty	fl. c. early-12th century BC	A son of Pharaoh Ramesses III and Queen Tiye. He was to be the beneficiary of a plot planned by his mother to assassinate the pharaoh. The plot failed and Pentawer was forced to commit suicide.
Penthu	|	18th dynasty	fl. c. mid-14th century BC	The seal-bearer of the king, king's scribe, chief of physicians and chamberlain to the 18th dynasty pharaoh Akhenaten.
Pentu	|	18th dynasty	fl. c. mid-14th century BC	Vizier of Egypt during the reign of pharaoh Tutankhamun. Also written as Pentju.
Pepi I Meryre	|	6th dynasty	reigned c. 2332 BC – c. 2283 BC	Pepi I's long reign was marked by an aggressive expansion into Nubia and the spread of trade to far-flung areas such as Lebanon and the Somalian coast, but also the growing power of the nomarchs.
Pepi II Neferkare	|	6th dynasty	reigned c. 2278 BC – c. 2184 BC	He was the son of Merenre and Ankhesenpepi II. His lengthy reign was marked by a sharp decline of the Old Kingdom as the power of the nomarchs grew.
Pepi III	|	16th dynasty		The seventh pharaoh of the Hyksos Sixteenth dynasty of Egypt.
Perneb	|	2nd dynasty	fl. c. 28th century BC	He was a son of the 2nd dynasty pharaoh Hotepsekhemwy.
Persenet	|	4th dynasty	fl. c. 26th century BC	She may have been a daughter of King Khufu and a wife of King Khafra.
Peseshet	|	4th dynasty	fl. c. 26th century BC	Her title was "lady overseer of the female physicians,"but whether she was a physician herself is uncertain. She had a son, Akhethetep, in whose mastaba at Giza her personal stela was found.
Petubastis III	|	Persian Occupation	fl. late 6th century BC	An Egyptian ruler who revolted against Persian rule under the satrap Aryandes. He was probably a member of the old royal Saitic line, who attempted to seize power around 522 BC. Aryandes probably quelled the rebellion.(or Seheruibre Padibastet)
Piankh	|	21st dynasty	fl. c. mid-11th century BC	High Priest of Amun who led an army against Pinehesy, viceroy of Kush, who had conquered large parts of Upper Egypt and succeeded in driving him back into Nubia.
Pihuri	|	18th dynasty	fl. c. mid-14th century BC	An Egyptian commissioner in the "Land of Retenu" (Canaan) mentioned in the Amarna letters. He probably served under pharaohs Amenhotep III and Akhenaten. His name is sometimes written as Pakhura.
Pimay	|	22nd dynasty	fl. c. late-9th century BC	Son of king Sheshonk III. He served as a 'Great Chief of the Ma' during his father's reign.
Pinedjem I	|	21st dynasty	fl. c. mid-11th century BC	High Priest of Amun at Thebes in Egypt and the de facto ruler of Middle and Upper Egypt from 1054 BC. He asserted his virtual independence from the 21st dynasty based at Tanis. He married Duathathor-Henuttawy, a daughter of Ramesses XI.
Pinedjem II	|	21st dynasty	fl. c. early-10th century BC	High Priest of Amun at Thebes in Egypt and the de facto ruler of the south of the country. He married his sister Isetemkheb and his niece Nesikhons, the daughter of his brother Smendes II.
Pinehesy	|	20th dynasty	fl. c. early-11th century BC	Served during the reign of pharaoh Ramesses XI. Pinehesy extended his influence over much of the south of Egypt defying Ramesses XI. However, the High Priest of Amun, Herihor, was able to drive Pinehesy back into Nubia. Also known as Panehesy or Panehasy.
Pipi A	Pipi	|	21st dynasty	fl. c. mid-11th century BC	High Priest of Ptah, a contemporary of Pharaoh Psusennes I. He was the father of the High Priest of Ptah Harsiese.
Piye (or Piankhi the Nubian)	|	25th dynasty	reigned c. 752 BC – c. 721 BC	A Kushite king and founder of the 25th dynasty of Egypt who ruled from the city of Napata. As ruler of Nubia and Upper Egypt, Piye took advantage of the squabbling of Egypt's rulers to expand Nubia's power beyond Thebes into Lower Egypt receiving the submission of the kings of the Nile Delta.
Pothinus	|	Ptolemaic	fl. mid-1st century BC	An official under Pharaoh Ptolemy XII. When Ptolemy XII died in 51 BC, as his son Ptolemy XIII was under age, Pothinus was appointed as his regent. Pothinus used his influence to turn Ptolemy XIII against Cleopatra VII. In the resultant civil war, Cleopatra VII and Julius Caesar prevailed and Pothinus was executed in 47 BC.
Prehotep I (Vizier)	Prehotep I	|	19th dynasty	fl. c. mid-13th century BC	Vizier during the latter part of the reign of pharaoh Ramesses II. Also known as Rahotep, Parahotep, Parehotp.
Prehotep II (Vizier)	Prehotep II	|	19th dynasty	fl. c. mid-13th century BC	Vizier during the latter part of the reign of pharaoh Ramesses II. Parahotep was the son of the High Priest of Ptah Pahemnetjer. Also known as Rahotep, Parahotep, Parehotp.
Psammuthes	|	29th dynasty	fl. c. early-4th century BC	Upon the death of Nepherites I, two rival factions fought for the throne: one supported Muthis son of Nefaarud, and the other supported an usurper named Psammuthes. Both men were eventually defeated by a general named Hakor.
Psamtik I	Psamtik I Wahibre	|	26th dynasty	reigned c. 664 BC – c. 610 BC	Psamtik managed to unite all of Egypt and free the country from Assyrian and Nubian control within the first ten years of his reign. (or Psammeticus or Psammetichus)
Psamtik II	|	26th dynasty	reigned c. 595 BC – c. 589 BC	In 592 BC, Psamtik II marched deep into Nubia and inflicted a heavy defeat on the kingdom of Kush.(or Psammetichus or Psammeticus)
Psamtik III	|	26th dynasty	reigned c. 526 BC – c. 525 BC	The last pharaoh of the 26th dynasty of Egypt. Psamtik had ruled Egypt for only six months before the Persian invasion led by King Cambyses II. Psamtik was defeated at Pelusium and later executed by the Persians.(or Psammetichus or Psammeticus)
Psusennes I	|	21st dynasty	reigned c. 1047 BC – c. 1001 BC	He was the son of Pinedjem I and Henuttawy, a daughter of Ramesses XI. He married his sister Mutnedjmet.(or Psibkhanno or Hor-Pasebakhaenniut I)
Psusennes II	Psusennes II Titkheperure	|	21st dynasty	reigned c. 967 BC – c. 943 BC	The last king of the 21st dynasty of Egypt. He was a High Priest of Amun at Thebes and the son of Pinedjem II and Istemkheb.(or Tyetkheperre Psusennes II or Hor-Pasebakhaenniut II)
Psusennes III	|	21st dynasty	fl. c. mid-10th century BC	A High Priest of Amun at Thebes towards the end of the 21st Dynasty of Egypt.
Ptahhotep	|	5th dynasty	fl. c. 24th century BC	He was the city administrator and vizier during the reign of Djedkare Isesi. He is credited with authoring "The Instruction of Ptahhotep", which was meant to instruct young men in appropriate behaviour.
Ptahmose, son of Thutmose	Ptahmose	|	18th dynasty	fl. c. late-15th century BC	He served under pharaohs Thutmose IV and Amenhotep III. Ptahmose also held the titles of count and governor, and Sem-priest.
Ptahmose (vizier)	Ptahmose	|	18th dynasty	fl. c. early-14th century BC	High Priest of Amun and vizier of southern Egypt under the 18th dynasty pharaoh Amenhotep III.
Ptahshepses	|	5th dynasty	fl. c. 25th century BC	The vizier and son-in-law of king Niuserre. His mastaba complex in Abusir is considered by many to be the most extensive and architecturally unique non-royal tomb of the Old Kingdom.
Ptolemy Apion	|	Ptolemaic	c. 150 BC – 96 BC	The last Greek Cyrenaean King (reigned 116 BC – 96 BC) and was a member of the Ptolemaic dynasty. He was a son of Pharaoh Ptolemy VIII Physcon of Egypt. When Ptolemy VIII died, Ptolemy Apion inherited Cyrenaica and became its king.
Ptolemy Eupator	|	Ptolemaic	c. 165 BC – c. 152 BC	The son of Ptolemy VI Philometor and Cleopatra II and, for a short time before his death, reigned as co-ruler with his father.
Ptolemy Keraunos	|	Ptolemaic	c. 325 BC – 279 BC	King of Macedon (reigned 281 BC – 279 BC). He was the eldest son of Ptolemy I Soter and Eurydice. Keraunos was killed during a battle against the Gauls of Bolgius.
Ptolemy of Mauretania (or Ptolemaeus)	|	Ptolemaic	1 BC – 40 AD	The last king of Mauretania (reigned 23 AD-40 AD). Ptolemy was the son of King Juba II and Queen Cleopatra Selene II. With the support of Roman forces, Ptolemy was able to end Berber revolts by 24 AD. In 40 AD, Caligula invited Ptolemy to Rome where he was killed on Caligula's orders.
Ptolemy Philadelphus	|	Ptolemaic	36 BC – c. 29 BC	Son of Cleopatra VII and Mark Antony. In 34 BC, at the Donations of Alexandria, Ptolemy was made ruler of Syria, Phoenicia and Cilicia. Octavian took Ptolemy and his siblings to Rome to be paraded in his military triumph.
Ptolemy I of Egypt	Ptolemy I Soter I (Ptolemy the Savior)	|	Ptolemaic	c. 367 BC–c. 283 BC	A Macedonian general under Alexander the Great, who became ruler of Egypt (reigned 323 BC–283 BC). In 305 BC he took the title of pharaoh. When Alexander died in 323 BC Ptolemy was appointed satrap of Egypt and in the wars that followed was able to securely hold Egypt.
Ptolemy II Philadelphus	|	Ptolemaic	309 BC–246 BC	He reigned 283 BC – 246 BC. He was the son of Ptolemy I Soter and Berenice. Ptolemy expanded the library in Alexandria and patronized scientific research. Although an enthusiast for Hellenic culture, he also adopted Egyptian religious concepts. Ptolemy's first marriage was to Arsinoë I, daughter of Lysimachus, and later he married his sister Arsinoë II.
Ptolemy III Euergetes	|	Ptolemaic	reigned 246 BC–222 BC	He married Berenice of Cyrene. Following Ptolemy's eldest sister Berenice Phernophorus’ murder by the Seleucid rulers in Syria, Ptolemy III invaded Syria. His forces occupied Antioch and even reached Babylon. In exchange for peace in 241 BC, Ptolemy was awarded territories on the northern coast of Syria. Under his rule, the Ptolemaic kingdom reached the height of its power.
Ptolemy IV Philopator	|	Ptolemaic	reigned 221 BC–205 BC	He was a son of Ptolemy III and Berenice II. During his reign, the decline of the Ptolemaic kingdom began. Ptolemy IV responded effectively to the attacks of Antiochus III on Coele-Syria and Judea and his victory at Raphia (217 BC) secured the northern borders of the kingdom for the remainder of his reign. The native population of Upper Egypt revolted, creating a separate state for twenty years.
Ptolemy V Epiphanes	|	Ptolemaic	209 BC – 181 BC	A son of Ptolemy IV and Arsinoe III and a king of the Ptolemaic dynasty (reigned 204 BC–181 BC). Ptolemy IV's favourites, Agathocles and Sosibius, became Ptolemy V's regents. In 202 BC, a general, Tlepolemus, revolted and killed the two regents. During his reign lands in Caria, Thrace, Coele-Syria, including Judea, were lost. However, Upper Egypt was brought back under Ptolemaic control.
Ptolemy VI Philometor	|	Ptolemaic	186 BC–145 BC	In 170 BC, Antiochus IV invaded Egypt twice retaining Ptolemy VI as a puppet king. In 164 BC, he was driven off the throne by Ptolemy VIII, but was quickly restored by the Alexandrians after which he ruled uneasily, cruelly suppressing frequent rebellions and facing a growing Roman interference. Ptolemy VI was killed in the Battle of Antioch.
Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator	|	Ptolemaic	fl. c. mid-2nd century BC	He was possibly the son of Ptolemy VI and Cleopatra II and reigned briefly with his father in 145 BC, and for a short time after that, but was murdered by his uncle, Ptolemy VIII, who succeeded him.
Ptolemy VIII Physcon	Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II Physcon	|	Ptolemaic	c. 182 BC–116 BC	He reigned 170 BC – 163 BC, 145 BC – 131 BC, and 127 BC – 116 BC. In 170 BC Antiochus IV invaded Egypt and captured Ptolemy VI and let him rule as a puppet monarch. But the Alexandrians chose Ptolemy VIII as king. While Ptolemy VI went to Rome to gain support, Ptolemy VIII's ruled, but was unpopular. So in 163 BC, Ptolemy VI returned to rule Egypt while Ptolemy VIII ruled Cyrenaica. When Ptolemy VI died, Ptolemy VIII took the throne. In 131 BC, the people of Alexandria rioted and Ptolemy VIII escaped to Cyprus until he regained power in 127 BC.
Ptolemy IX of Egypt	Ptolemy IX Soter II Lathyros	|	Ptolemaic	c.142 BC – 81 BC	He reigned 116 BC – 110 BC, 109 BC – 107 BC and 88 BC – 81 BC, with intervening periods ruled by his brother, Ptolemy X Alexander as their mother Cleopatra III played both brothers off against each other.
Ptolemy X Alexander	|	Ptolemaic	c.140 BC – 88 BC	He reigned 110 BC – 109 BC and 107 BC – 88 BC) with intervening periods ruled by his brother, Ptolemy IX as their mother Cleopatra III played both brothers off against each other.
Ptolemy XI of Egypt	Ptolemy XI Alexander II	|	Ptolemaic	fl. c. early-1st century BC	He ruled Egypt for a few days in 80 BC. Ptolemy XI was a son of Ptolemy X Alexander and either Cleopatra Selene or Berenice III.
Ptolemy XII of Egypt	Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos Theos Philopator Theos Philadelphos	|	Ptolemaic	117 BC–51 BC	During his reign, Egypt lost Cyprus and Cyrenaica. Ptolemy XII attempted to secure his position through a pro-Roman policy, but the Egyptians rebelled against his high taxes. Ptolemy XII then fled to Rome and his daughter Berenice IV became queen of Egypt. Ptolemy XII was able to recover his throne in 55 BC with the support of Roman soldiers and mercenaries.
Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator	|	Ptolemaic	c. 62 BC–47 BC	He was a son of Ptolemy XII and succeeded his father in 51 BC as co-ruler with his wife and older sister Cleopatra VII. In 48 BC, Ptolemy XIII attempted to depose Cleopatra VII leading civil war in Egypt. Julius Caesar intervened, enabling Cleopatra VII to regain Egyptian throne and forcing Ptolemy XIII to flee the city. Ptolemy XIII drowned while attempting to cross the Nile.
Ptolemy XIV of Egypt	Ptolemy XIV	|	Ptolemaic	c. 60 BC–44 BC	He was a son of Ptolemy XII. Following the death of his older brother Ptolemy XIII, Ptolemy XIV ruled with his older sister, Cleopatra VII. Cleopatra also married her new co-ruler but continued as Julius Caesar's lover. When Caesar was murdered in Rome, Cleopatra poisoned Ptolemy XIV and replaced him with Ptolemy XV Caesarion, her son by Caesar.
Ptolemy XV Philopator Philometor Caesar	|	Ptolemaic		see Caesarion
Puimre	|	18th dynasty	fl. c. early-14th century BC	Served during the reigns of Thutmose III and Hatshepsut.
Pyhia	|	18th dynasty	fl. c. early-14th century BC	An Egyptian princess, a daughter of Thutmose IV. Her name is sometimes written as Pyihia or Petepihu.

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!style="width: 150px;" 1st dynasty Pharaoh Queen Pharaoh Artisan Merchant

Name !	style="width: 100px;"|Main Title !! style="width: 90px;"|Dynasty !!align="center" style="width: 150px;"|Date!! |Comment
Qa'a	Pharaoh	|	fl. c. 29th century BC	The last king of the 1st dynasty of Egypt.
Qakare Ibi	|	8th dynasty	fl. c. 22nd century BC	He reigned c. 2169 BC – c. 2167 BC, during the First Intermediate Period.
Qalhata	|	25th dynasty	fl. c. late-8th century BC	Qalhata was a daughter of King Piye and a queen consort to her brother Shabaka.
Qar (pharaoh)	Qar	|	16th dynasty		The sixth pharaoh of the Hyksos Sixteenth dynasty of Egypt
Qen	|	19th dynasty	fl. c. 13th century BC	Qen lived in Deir el-Medina during the reign of Ramesses II. His titles included Servant in the Place of Truth, meaning that he work on the excavation and decoration of nearby royal tombs.
Qenna	|			Known from the Papyrus of Qenna, a part of the Book of the Dead.

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!style="width: 150px;" 5th dynasty Chief of Scribes Pharaoh Prince Pharaoh Pharaoh Pharaoh Pharaoh Pharaoh Pharaoh Pharaoh Pharaoh Pharaoh Pharaoh Pharaoh Prince Prince High Priest of Amun Prince Vizier Pharaoh Prince Vizier Prince Treasurer Queen Vizier Pharaoh Queen Princess High Priest of Amun Pharaoh

Name !	style="width: 100px;"|Main Title !! style="width: 90px;"|Dynasty !!align="center" style="width: 150px;"|Date!! |Comment
Raemka	Prince	|	fl. c. 24th century BC	Possibly a son of Pharaoh Menkauhor Kaiu. Raemka was buried in Saqqara.
Raherka and Meresankh	Raherka	|	4th - 5th dynasty	fl. c. 24th century BC	Raherka was an official known mainly from the pair statue with his wife: The statue of Raherka and Meresankh
Rahotep	|	17th dynasty	fl. c. early-16th century BC	Also known as Sekhenrewahkhaw Rahotep. He reigned during the Second Intermediate Period, when Egypt was ruled by a number of kings at the same time.
Prince Rahotep	Rahotep	|	4th dynasty	fl. c. 26th century BC	He was probably a son of pharaoh Sneferu and his first wife, although his father could have been Huni. Statues of Rahotep and his wife Nofret were found in his mastaba in Meidum.
Ramesses I	Ramesses I Menpehtyre	|	19th dynasty	fl. c. late-14th to early 13th century BC	Horemheb, the last pharaoh of the 18th dynasty, appointed him as his Vizier (Ancient Egypt)>Vizier, and later, as his heir.
Ramesses II	Ramesses II the Great	|	19th dynasty	reigned c. 1279 BC – c. 1213 BC	He is regarded as Ancient Egypt's greatest and most powerful pharaoh. Ramesses II led successful expeditions north into Canaan, Lebanon and Syria and south into Nubia. He focused on building cities, temples and monuments and established the city of Pi-Ramesses in the Nile Delta as his new capital.
Ramesses III	Ramesses III Usimare	|	20th dynasty	reigned c. 1186 BC – c. 1155 BC	The last great New Kingdom king to wield any substantial authority over Egypt. He was the son of Setnakhte and Queen Tiy-Merenese. During his long reign, Egypt was beset by foreign invaders (including the “Sea Peoples” and the Libyans).
Ramesses IV	Ramesses IV Heqamaatre	|	20th dynasty	fl. c. mid-12th century BC	he reigned c. 1155 BC – c. 1149 BC. A son of Ramesses III, he initiated a substantial building program including an enlargement of the Temple of Khonsu at Karnak. Also known as Amonhirkhopshef.
Ramesses V	Ramesses V Usermare Sekhepenre	|	20th dynasty	fl. c. mid-12th century BC	The son of Ramesses IV and Queen Duatentopet. During his reign the power of the priesthood of Amun continued to grow, controlling the state’s finances and much of the temple land in the country at the expense of the pharaohs.
Ramesses VI	|	20th dynasty	fl. c. mid-12th century BC	A son of Ramesses III and Iset Ta-Hemdjert. Egypt's political and economic decline continued during his reign. At Thebes, the power of the chief priests of Amun continued to grow at the expense of the pharaohs.
Ramesses VII	Ramesses VII Usermaatre Meryamun Setepenre	|	20th dynasty	fl. c. mid-12th century BC	A son of Ramesses VI.
Ramesses VIII	Ramesses VIII Usermare Akhenamun	|	20th dynasty	fl. c. mid-12th century BC	One of the last surviving sons of Ramesses III. Also known as Ramesses Sethherkhepshef Meryamun.
Ramesses IX	|	20th dynasty	fl. c. late-12th century BC	Montuherkhopshef (son of Ramesses III)>Montuherkhopshef and grandson of Ramesses III. He reigned c. 1129 BC – c. 1111 BC.
Ramesses X	Ramesses X Khepermare	|	20th dynasty	fl. c. late-12th century BC	A pharaoh of the 20th dynasty of Egypt (reigned c. 1111 BC – c. 1107 BC). He was possibly a son of Ramesses IX and husband of Queen Tyti, but this is unproven.
Ramesses XI	|	20th dynasty	reigned c. 1107 BC – c. 1078 BC	The last king of the 20th dynasty of Egypt. He was probably the son of Ramesses X and Queen Tyti. Ramesses XI's reign saw the continuing disintegration of the Egyptian state. By late in his reign, he was forced to share power with the High Priest of Amun, Herihor, who controlled Thebes and Upper Egypt, and Smendes, who as governor, controlled Lower Egypt.
Ramesses (prince)	Ramesses	|	19th dynasty	fl. c. mid-13th century BC	The eldest son of Pharaoh Ramesses II and Queen Isetnofret. He was the heir to the Egyptian throne but pre-deceased his father.
Ramesses-Meryamun-Nebweben	|	19th dynasty	fl. c. mid-13th century BC	A son of pharaoh Ramesses II.
Ramessesnakht	|	20th dynasty	fl. c. mid-12th century BC	Appointed as the High Priest of Amun at Thebes under pharaoh Ramesses IV. He held this office until the reign of Ramesses IX. It was during Ramessesnakht's tenure that the power and importance of the Amun priesthood grew while the pharaoh's power began to noticeably decline.
Ramose (prince)	Ramose	|	18th dynasty	fl. c. late-16th century BC	Probably the son of Pharaoh Ahmose I.
Ramose (TT55)	Ramose	|	18th dynasty	fl. c. mid-14th century BC	A noble man, Governor of Thebes and vizier under pharaohs Amenhotep III and Akhenaten.
Raneb	|	2nd dynasty	fl. c. late-29th to early-28th century BC	A king during the 2nd dynasty of Egypt.
Ranefer	|	4th dynasty	fl. c. 26th century BC	A son of pharaoh Sneferu, the first ruler of the 4th dynasty of Egypt.
Rashepses	|	5th dynasty	fl. c. 24th century BC	Rashepses served under pharaoh Djedkare Isesi.
Rawer	|	4th dynasty	fl. c. 24th century BC	Great-grandson of Khufu, brother of Minkhaf II.
Rehuerdjersen	|	12th dynasty	fl. c. 20th century BC	A treasurer who held this office under pharaoh Amenemhet I.
Rekhetre	|	4th/ 5th dynasty	fl. c. 26th century BC	An Egyptian queen from the late 4th dynasty or early 5th dynasty. She was a daughter of Pharaoh Khafra. Rekhetre was possibly the wife of one of Khafre's successors as pharaoh.
Rekhmire	|	18th dynasty	fl. c. mid-15th century BC	Tuthmosis III and Amenhotep II. He was also High Priest of Annu or Heliopolis (ancient)>Heliopolis.
Renseneb	|	13th dynasty	fl. c. mid-18th century BC	An Egyptian king of the 13th dynasty. Alternate spelling: Ranisonb.
Reptynub	|	5th dynasty	fl. c. 25th century BC	She was the wife of King Nyuserre Ini. Her name is also written as Repytnub and Reputnebu.
Reputnebty	|	5th dynasty	fl. c. 25th century BC	She was a daughter of pharaoh Nyuserre Ini and possibly queen Reptynub.
Roma called Roy	Roma-Roi	|	19th dynasty	fl. c. mid to late-13th century BC	High Priest of Amun towards the end of the reign of Ramesses II and into the reigns of Merenptah and possibly Seti II.
Rudamun	Rudamun Usermaatre Setepenamun Meryamun	|	23rd dynasty	reigned c. 759 BC – c. 739 BC	The last pharaoh of the 23rd dynasty based in Upper Egypt. He was the younger son of Osorkon III, and the brother of Takelot III.

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!style="width: 150px;" 1st dynasty High Priest of Ptah High Priest of Ptah Pharaoh Pharaoh Pharaoh Pharaoh Pharaoh Queen princess Pharaoh Pharaoh Pharaoh Vizier Pharaoh Pharaoh Pharaoh Queen Queen Pharaoh Pharaoh Pharaoh Pharaoh Overseer of Dwarfs Vizier Treasurer Pharaoh Vizier Vizier Architect, Steward Vizier King of Kush Artisan Mayor of Thebes Overseer of the Seal Overseer of the Seal Queen-Mother Vizier Pharaoh Pharaoh Pharaoh Pharaoh Queen Prince Queen Queen-Mother Viceroy of Kush Princess Pharaoh Commander Viceroy of Kush Pharaoh Pharaoh Pharaoh Pharaoh Pharaoh Pharaoh Pharaoh Pharaoh Pharaoh High Priest of Ptah Divine Adoratrice of Amun Divine Adoratrice of Amun Prince Pharaoh Pharaoh Prince Official Pharaoh Pharaoh Pharaoh Pharaoh Pharaoh Pharaoh Pharaoh High Priest of Amun High Priest of Ptah Pharaoh Prince Prince King of Meroe Prince Vizier Second Prophet of Amun Pharaoh Queen Queen Princess Queen Nurse Pharaoh High Priest of Amun Pharaoh Pharaoh Prince Vizier Pharaoh Pharaoh Pharaoh Pharaoh Pharaoh Pharaoh Pharaoh Pharaoh Pharaoh Governor Pharaoh/ Queen Chief Minister Captain of the Guard

Name !	style="width: 100px;"|Main Title !! style="width: 90px;"|Dynasty !!align="center" style="width: 150px;"|Date!! |Comment
Sabef	Official	|	fl. c. 29th century BC	An Ancient Egyptian official under king Qa'a in the 1st dynasty.
Sabu also called Ibebi	Sabu called Ibebi	|	5th and 6th dynasty	fl. c. 24th century BC	A High Priest of Ptah during the reigns king Unas and king Teti.
Sabu also called Thety	Sabu called Thety	|	6th dynasty	fl. c. 24th century BC	A High Priest of Ptah during the reign of king Teti. He was the successor of Sabu Ibebi and probably his son.
Sahure	|	5th dynasty	fl. c. 25th century BC	Son of queen Neferhetepes and his father was probably Userkaf. Sahure established a navy and sent the fleet to Punt. He traded with states and cities in the Eastern Mediterranean.
Sakir-Har	|	15th dynasty	fl. c. late-17th century BC	A king of the Hyksos 15th dynasty of Egypt.
Salitis	|	15th dynasty	fl. c. late-17th century BC	The first pharaoh of the Hyksos 15th dynasty of Egypt. The Hyksos founded the city of Avaris which became their capital.
Sanakht	|	3rd dynasty	fl. c. 27th century BC	He reigned c. 2686 BC – c. 2668 BC, and was probably the first pharaoh of the 3rd dynasty of Egypt. Referred to as Sanakhte or Nebka.
Sankhenre Sewadjtu	|	13th dynasty	fl. c. mid-17th century BC	A king of Egypt's 13th dynasty at a time when the kings’ control over all of Egypt was receding.
Satiah	|	18th dynasty	fl. c. early-15th century BC	An Egyptian queen, the Great Royal Wife of Thutmose III. Also referred to as Sitiah or Sitioh.
Scota	|	in Irish mythology, Scottish mythology, and pseudohistory,	fl. c. 10th century BC	An Egyptian princess,. Also referred to as Scotia .
Sedjefakare	Sedjefakare Amenemhat	|	13th dynasty	fl. c. mid-18th century BC	An Egyptian king of the 13th dynasty.
Sehetepre	|	13th dynasty	fl. c. mid-18th century BC	An Egyptian king of the 13th dynasty.
Sekhemib-Perenmaat	|	2nd dynasty	fl. c. 28th century BC	A king during the Egyptian 2nd dynasty, who may have been the same individual as Peribsen, or, more likely, was a separate king who ruled Lower Egypt at the same time that Peribsen ruled Upper Egypt.
Sekhemkare (Vizier)	Sekhemkare	|	5th dynasty	fl. c. 25th century BC	A vizier during the reigns of kings Userkaf and Sahure. He was a son of king Khafre and queen Hekenuhedjet.
Sekhemkare	|	13th dynasty		Sekhemkare>Amenemhat V Sekhemkare
Sekhemkhet	|	3rd dynasty	fl. c. 27th century BC	A pharaoh in Egypt during the 3rd dynasty.
Sekhemre Khutawy Sobekhotep I	|	13th dynasty	fl. c. early-18th century BC	Sekhemre Khutawy Sobekhotep I was an Egyptian king of the 13th Dynasty
Sekhmakh	|		fl. c. mid-4th century BC	The wife of the Nubian king Nastasen.
Semat	|	1st dynasty	fl. c. 30th century BC	Den (Pharaoh)>Den.
Semenkare	|	13th dynasty	fl. c. mid-18th century BC	An Egyptian king of the 13th Dynasty.
Semenre	|	16th dynasty	fl. c. early 16th century BC	A 16th dynasty Theban king during the Second Intermediate Period of Egypt who succeeded Nebiriau II.
Semerkhet	|	1st dynasty	fl. c. 30th century BC	A king during Egypt's 1st dynasty.
Senakhtenre Tao I	|	17th dynasty	fl. c. 17th century BC	He may have been the son of Nubkheperre Intef. Senakhtenre is a relatively obscure king who is not attested "by [any] contemporary sources (by his prenomen) but exclusively by sources dating from the New Kingdom: the Karnak Canon [of Tuthmose III] and [in] two Theban tombs."
Seneb	|	4th dynasty	fl. c. 26th century BC	Seneb was a dwarf who served as a high-ranking court official in the Old Kingdom.
Senebhenaf	|	13th dynasty	fl. c. late-17th century BC	A vizier during the 13th dynasty of the Second Intermediate Period.
Senebi	|	13th dynasty	fl. c. early-17th century BC	A treasurer under the 13th dynasty Egyptian kings Neferhotep I and Sobekhotep IV.
Senedj	|	2nd dynasty	fl. c. 28th century BC	A king during the 2nd dynasty of Egypt who resided at Memphis.
Senedjemib Inti	|	5th dynasty	fl. c. 24th century BC	A vizier, who served king Djedkare Isesi.
Senedjemib Mehi	|	6th dynasty	fl. c. 24th century BC	A vizier who started out his career under king Djedkare Isesi and eventually became vizier under king Unas.
Senenmut	|	18th dynasty	fl. c. early-15th century BC	An architect and government official. Senenmut entered royal service during the reign of Thutmose I or Thutmose II. After Hatshepsut became pharaoh, Senenmut became high steward.
Senewosret-Ankh (vizier)	Senewosret-Ankh	|	12th – 13th dynasty	fl. c. 18th century BC	He is known from a number of sources making it possible to reconstruct his career.
Senkamanisken	|		fl. c. mid-7th century BC	A Nubian king based at Napata (reigned c. 640 BC – c. 620 BC). He was married to Queen Nasalsa who bore him two sons: Anlamani and Aspelta.
Sennedjem	|	19th dynasty	fl. c. early-13th century BC	An Egyptian artisan who lived in Deir el-Medina near Thebes during the reigns of the 19th dynasty pharaohs Seti I and Ramesses II. He worked on the excavation and decoration of the nearby royal tombs.
Sennefer	|	18th dynasty	fl. c. late-15th century BC	Mayor of Thebes and "Overseer of the Granaries and Fields, Gardens and Cattle of Amun" during the reign of Amenhotep II. He was a son of Ahmose Humay, brother to Amenhotep II's vizier Amenemopet.
Sennefer, Chancellor	Sennefer	|	18th dynasty	fl. c. early to mid-15th century BC	A long serving Egyptian official under pharaohs Thutmose II, Hatshepsut, and Thutmose III. His titles included "Overseer of the Seal" and "Overseer of the Gold-land of Amun".
Senneferi	|	18th dynasty	fl. c. mid-15th century BC	Overseer of the Seal and "Overseer of the Gold-Land of Amun", during the reign of Thutmose III of the Egyptian 18th dynasty.
Senseneb	|	18th dynasty	fl. c. late 16th century BC	The mother of pharaoh Thutmose I.
Senusret (vizier)	Senusret	|	12th dynasty	fl. c. late-20th century BC	An Egyptian official who was a vizier during the last years of king Senusret I's rule and in the first years of king Amenemhet II.
Senusret I	|	12th dynasty	reigned c. 1971 BC – c. 1926 BC	Son of Amenemhat I and Neferitatjenen. He continued his father's aggressive expansionist policies against Nubia. Senusret I established diplomatic relations with rulers in Syria and Canaan. He also tried to centralize the country's political structure by supporting nomarchs who were loyal to him. Also referred to as Sesostris I and Senwosret I.
Senusret II	|	12th dynasty	reigned c. 1897 BC – c. 1878 BC	Son of Amenemhat II. His pyramid was constructed at El-Lahun. Senusret II was interested in the Faiyum oasis region and began work on an extensive irrigation system. Senusret II maintained good relations with the various nomarchs of Egypt. Also referred to as Sesostris II and Senwosret II.
Senusret III	|	12th dynasty	reigned c. 1878 BC – c. 1860 BC	Son of Senusret II and Khnemetneferhedjet I. He built the Sesostris Canal and expanded Egyptian control deep into Nubia. His military campaigns gave rise to an era of peace and economic prosperity and he reduced the power of the nomarchs. Also referred to as Sesostris III and Senwosret III.
Seqenenre Tao II	|	17th dynasty	fl. c. 16th century BC	He probably was the son and successor to Senaktenre Tao I and Queen Tetisheri.
Serethor	|	1st dynasty	fl. c. 30th century BC	Den (Pharaoh)>Den.
Serfka	|	4th dynasty	fl. c. 26th century BC	A son of Nefermaat, the eldest son of pharaoh Sneferu, and Itet.
Seshemetka	|	1st dynasty	fl. c. 30th century BC	Den (Pharaoh)>Den and the mother of Anedjib.
Sesheshet	|	6th dynasty	fl. c. 24th century BC	The mother of pharaoh Teti. She was instrumental in enabling her son to gain the throne and reconciling two warring factions of the royal family. Also known as Shesh.
Setau	|	19th dynasty	fl. c. 13th century BC	Setau was the Viceroy of Kush in the second half of Ramesses II's reign.
Setepenre (princess)	Setepenre	|	18th dynasty	fl. c. mid-14th century BC	A daughter of Pharaoh Akhenaten and queen Nefertiti.
Seth-Peribsen	|	2nd dynasty	fl. c. 28th century BC	A king during the 2nd dynasty of Egypt.
Seti (commander)	Seti	|	18th dynasty	fl. c. late-14th century BC	An Egyptian soldier during the late 18th dynasty, the commander of the army and later vizier. He was the father of Pharaoh Ramesses I. Also known as Suti.
Seti (Viceroy of Kush)	Seti	|	19th dynasty	fl. c. 13th century BC	The Viceroy of Kush Seti is attested in year 1 of Siptah. Seti is also mentioned on some monuments of his son Amenemhab. Amenemhab was the son of Seti and the Lady Amenemtaiauw. Seti held the titles fan-bearer on the king's right, king's scribe of the letters of the Pharaoh.
Seti I	Seti I Menmaatre	|	19th dynasty	reigned c. 1290 BC – c. 1279 BC	The son of Ramesses I and Queen Sitre, and the father of Ramesses II. He reconquered most of the territories in Canaan and Syria disputed with the Hittites. Seti I also fought a series of wars in Libya and Nubia. Also referred to as Sethos I.
Seti II	Seti II Userkheperure Setepenre	|	19th dynasty	reigned c. 1203 BC – c. 1197 BC	He was the son of Merneptah and queen Isetnofret II. Seti II had to deal with the accession of a rival named Amenmesse who seized control over Thebes and Nubia in Upper Egypt. Also referred to as Sethos II.
Seti-Merenptah	|	19th dynasty	fl. c. early-12th century BC	An Egyptian prince of the late 19th dynasty, a son of Pharaoh Seti II and Isetnofret II.
Setnakhte	Setnakhte Userkhaure-Setepenre	|	20th dynasty	fl. c. early-12th century BC	The first pharaoh of the 20th dynasty of Egypt (reigned c. 1190 BC – c. 1186 BC) and the father of Ramesses III. He was either an usurper who seized the throne or a member of a minor line of the royal family who emerged as pharaoh.
Seuserenre Bebiankh	|	16th dynasty		Seuserenre Bebiankh>Bebiankh
Sewadjkare	|	13th dynasty	fl. c. mid-17th century BC	A pharaoh of the 13th dynasty of Egypt.
Sewadjkare Hori	|	13th dynasty	fl. c. mid-17th century BC	A pharaoh of the 13th dynasty of Egypt.
Shabaka	Shabaka Neferkare	|	25th dynasty	reigned c. 721 BC – c. 707 BC	Shabaka is thought to be the son of King Kashta and Pebatjma, although a text from the time of Taharqa could be interpreted to mean that Shabaka was a brother of Taharqa and hence a son of Piye. He consolidated the Nubia’s control over Egypt from Nubia to the Delta region. Shabaka maintained Egypt's independence from the Assyrian empire under Sargon II. Also known as Shabataka
Shebitku	|	25th dynasty	reigned c. 707 BC – c. 690 BC	He was the nephew and successor of Shabaka and a son of Piye, the founder of the dynasty. Shebitku actively resisted Assyrian expansion under Sennacherib into Canaan.(or Shabatka)
Shedsu-nefertum	|	21st – 22nd dynasty	fl. c. late-10th century BC	Shedsunefertem was the son of the High Priest Ankhefensekhmet and the lady Tapeshenese, who was First Chief of the Harem of Ptah and Prophetess of Mut.
Shepenupet I	|	25th dynasty	fl. c. mid-8th century BC	She was the first Divine Adoratrice of Amun to wield political power in Thebes. She was a daughter of Osorkon III and Queen Karoadjet. Also called Shepenwpet I.
Shepenupet II	|	25th dynasty	fl. c. early-7th century BC	She was the daughter of the first Kushite pharaoh Piye and sister of Piye's successors Taharqa and Shabaka. Also called Shepenwpet II.
Shepseska	|	5th dynasty	fl. c. 26th century BC	A son of Nefermaat, the eldest son of pharaoh Sneferu, and Itet.
Shepseskaf	|	4th dynasty	fl. c. 26th century BC	Possibly a son of the Egyptian king Menkaure who succeeded his father on the throne (reigned c. 2503 BC – c. 2498 BC). He was probably the last king of the 4th dynasty.
Shepseskare Isi	|	5th dynasty	fl. c. 25th century BC	He reigned c. 2467 BC – c. 2460 BC. Sometime referred to as Shepseskare, Sisiris.
Shepsesneb	|	4th dynasty	fl. c. 26th century BC	A son of Nefermaat, the eldest son of pharaoh Sneferu and Itet.
Shery (Egypt)	Shery	|	4th dynasty	fl. c. 28th century BC	An Egyptian official who probably lived during the 4th Dynasty. He was Great of the Ten of Upper Egypt and Chief of the wab-priest of Peribsen in the necropolis of Senedj.
Sheshi	Sheshi Maaibre	|	14th dynasty	fl. c. early-17th century BC	A 14th dynasty pharaoh of Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period.
Sheshonk I	Sheshonk I Hedjkheperre Setepenre	|	22nd dynasty	reigned c. 943 BC – c. 922 BC	He was a Meshwesh (Libyan) Berber king of Egypt and the founder of the 22nd Dynasty. He was the son of Nimlot, Great Chief of the Ma, and his wife Tentshepeh. Sheshonk I pursued an aggressive foreign policy against Syria, Philistine, Phoenicia, Judah and Israel. Also known as Shoshenq I, Sheshonk, Sheshonq I.
Sheshonk II	Sheshonk II Heqakheperre	|	22nd dynasty	reigned c. 887 BC – c. 885 BC	A king of the 22nd dynasty of Egypt.
Sheshonk III	Sheshonk III Usermaatre Setepenre	|	22nd dynasty	reigned c. 837 BC – c. 798 BC	His reign was marked by the loss of Egypt's political unity, with the appearance of Pedubast I at Thebes. Henceforth, the 22nd Dynasty kings only controlled Lower Egypt.
Sheshonk IV	Sheshonk IV Hedjkheperre Setepenre	|	22nd dynasty	reigned c. 798 BC – c. 785 BC	A king during Egypt's 22nd dynasty. Also referred to as Shoshenq IV.
Shoshenq V	|	22nd dynasty	reigned c. 778 BC – c. 740 BC	The final king of the 22nd dynasty of Egypt of Meshwesh Libyans which controlled Lower Egypt. With his death, the kingdom in the Egyptian Delta disintegrated into various city states.
Shoshenq VI	|	23rd dynasty	fl. c. late-9th century BC	A 23rd Dynasty king based at Thebes (reigned c. 804 BC – c. 798 BC). He was defeated and ousted from power by Prince Osorkon (later Osorkon III).
Shoshenq C	Shoshenq	|	22nd dynasty	fl. c. late-10th century BC	The eldest son of pharaoh Osorkon I and queen Maatkare, the daughter of Psusennes II, and served as the High Priest of Amun at Thebes during his father's reign.
Shoshenq D	Shoshenq	|	22nd dynasty	fl. c. mid-9th century BC	Shoshenq was the eldest son of Osorkon II and Queen Karomama.
Siamun	Siamun Netjerkheperre-Setepenamun	|	21st dynasty	reigned c. 986 BC – c. 967 BC	Siamun doubled the size of the Temple of Amun at Tanis and initiated works at the Temple of Horus at Mesen. He embarked upon an active foreign policy.
Siamun (son of Ahmose I)	Siamun	|	18th dynasty	fl. c. late-16th century BC	He was the son of Pharaoh Ahmose I and Queen Ahmose Nefertari.
Siamun (son of Thutmose III)	Siamun	|	18th dynasty	fl. c. mid-15th century BC	A son of Pharaoh Thutmose III.
Siaspiqa	|		fl. c. early-5th century BC	A Kushite King of Meroe (reigned c. 487 BC – c. 468 BC).
Siatum	|	18th dynasty	fl. c. early-14th century BC	He was probably one of the sons of Pharaoh Thutmose IV and thus the brother or half-brother of Amenhotep III.
Siese	|	12th dynasty	fl. c. 20th century BC	An Egyptian vizier and treasurer during the 12th dynasty. He was probably vizier under pharaoh Amenemhat II. Also called Zaaset.
Simut called Kyky	|	18th dynasty	fl. c. mid-14th century BC	An Egyptian priest who held the position of Second Prophet of Amun towards the end of the reign of the 18th dynasty Pharaoh Amenhotep III. Simut was also treasurer (“Overseer of the House of Silver”) and “sealer of every contract in Karnak”.
Siptah	Siptah Akhenre Setepenre	|	19th dynasty	fl. c. late-13th to early-12th century BC	His father's identity is unknown with both Seti II and Amenmesse being suggested. Siptah succeeded to the throne as a child after the death of Seti II. Also known as Merneptah Siptah.
Sitamun	|	18th dynasty	fl. c. mid-14th century BC	She was the eldest daughter of Pharaoh Amenhotep III and his wife Tiye and later married her father.
Sitdjehuti	|	17th dynasty	fl. c. mid-16th century BC	She was a daughter of Pharaoh Senakhtenre Tao I and the sister to Pharaoh Seqenenre Tao II and the queens Ahhotep and Ahmose Inhapy. She was married to her (half-)brother Tao II.
Sithathoriunet	|	12th dynasty	fl. c. mid-19th century BC	She was possibly a daughter of Senusret II.
Sitre	|	19th dynasty	fl. ca 13th century BC	Wife of Pharaoh Ramesses I of Egypt and mother of Seti I. Also called Tia-Sitre.
Sitre In	|	18th dynasty	fl. c. late-16th century BC	The nurse of the female pharaoh Hatshepsut.
Smendes	Smendes Hedjkheperre Setepenre	|	21st dynasty	fl. c. early to mid-11th century BC	The first pharaoh of the 21st dynasty of Egypt (reigned c. 1077 BC – c. 1052 BC). He is thought to have been a powerful governor in Lower Egypt during the reign of Ramesses XI.
Smendes II	|	21st dynasty	fl. c. early-10th century BC	He was a son of High Priest Menkheperre and Princess Isetemkheb, the daughter of Psusennes I. Also known as Nesbanebdjed II
Smenkhkare	|	18th dynasty	fl. c. mid-14th century BC	He was probably a younger son of Amenhotep III and queen Tiye, and therefore a younger brother of Akhenaten.
Sneferu	|	4th dynasty	reigned c. 2613 BC – c. 2589 BC	He built at least three pyramids at Dahshur (including the Bent Pyramid and the Red Pyramid) and Meidum (Meidum pyramid). He introduced major innovations in the design and construction of pyramids. Also known as Snefru, Snofru or Soris.
Sneferukhaf	|	4th dynasty	fl. c. 26th century BC	He was a son of Prince Nefermaat II and a grandson of Princess Nefertkau.
Sobekemhat	|	12th dynasty	fl. c. mid-19th century BC	An Egyptian vizier under king Senusret III during the 12th dynasty.
Sobekemsaf I	|	17th dynasty	fl. c. early-16th century BC	Sekhemre Shedtawy Sobekemsaf reigned during the Second Intermediate Period. Sobekemsaf I is thought to have been the father of both Intef VI and Intef VII.
Sobekemsaf II	Sobekemsaf II Sekhemrewadjkhaw	|	17th dynasty	fl. c. mid-16th century BC	He may have reigned after Djehuti and Intef VI. Sobekemsaf's chief wife was Queen Nubemhet.
Sobekhotep I	Sobekhotep I Khaankhre	|	13th dynasty	fl. c. mid-18th century BC	An Egyptian king of the 13th Dynasty. He appears in the Turin King List as Sobekhotep and is otherwise mainly known from reliefs coming from a chapel set up in Abydos, from a pedestal of a statue and from a fragment of a column.
Sobekhotep II	|	13th dynasty	fl. c. late-18th century BC	An Egyptian king of the 13th Dynasty.
Sobekhotep III	Sobekhotep III Sekhemresewdjtawy	|	13th dynasty	fl. c. late-18th century BC	His father was Mentuhotep. His mother was Jewetibaw. The king had two wives, Senebhenas and Neni.
Sobekhotep IV	Sobekhotep IV Khaneferre	|	13th dynasty	fl. c. early-17th century BC	He was the son of Haankhef and Kemi. His brother, Neferhotep I, was his predecessor on the throne.
Sobekhotep V	|	13th dynasty	fl. c. early-17th century BC	Sobekhotep Merhotepre was an Egyptian king.
Sobekhotep VI	|	13th dynasty	fl. c. early-17th century BC	Sobekhotep Khahotepre was an Egyptian king.
Sobekhotep VIII	Sobekhotep VIII Sekhemre Susertawi	|	16th dynasty	fl. c. late-17th century BC	He is believed to be the successor of Djehuti. He reigned over Upper Egypt during the time of the Hyksos conquest of Memphis and Lower Egypt.
Sobeknakht II	|	16th dynasty	fl. c. early-16th century BC	A local governor at El-Kab and a supporter of the Theban 16th dynasty during the Second Intermediate Period.
Sobekneferu	|	12th dynasty	reigned c. 1807 BC – c. 1803 BC	She was a daughter of Pharaoh Amenemhat III. Also known as Neferusobek.
Sosibius	|	Ptolemaic	fl. c. late 3rd century BC	The chief minister of Ptolemy IV Philopator. He was able to exercise great power through his influence over the king throughout Ptolemy IV’s reign. Based on Sosibius' advice, Ptolemy IV put to death his uncle Lysimachus, his brother Magas, and his mother Berenice.
Sosibius of Tarentum	|	Ptolemaic	fl. c. mid-3rd century BC	One of the captains of the body-guards of Ptolemy II Philadelphus, king of Egypt. He may have been the father of the Sosibius, chief minister to Ptolemy IV Philopator.

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!style="width: 150px;" 25th dynasty Queen Queen Pharaoh Queen Pharaoh Pharaoh Pharaoh Queen Queen-Mother Queen King of Kush Pharaoh Pharaoh Pharaoh Queen Queen Pharaoh Local King Princess Queen Queen Queen Pharaoh Prince Pharaoh Temple Official Queen Queen Pharaoh Pharaoh Pharaoh Pharaoh Pharaoh Prince Sculptor Vizier Princess Queen Princess Queen Queen Queen Queen Fourth Prophet of Amun Noble woman Regent, Military Governor Queen Pharaoh Pharaoh Official Queen Pharaoh, Queen Queen

Name !	style="width: 100px;"|Main Title !! style="width: 90px;"|Dynasty !!align="center" style="width: 150px;"|Date!! |Comment
Tabekenamun	Queen	|	fl. c. late-8th century BC	Tabekenamun was a daughter of King Piye and may have been a queen consort to her brother Taharqa or to Shabaka.
Tabiry	|	25th dynasty	fl. c. mid-8th century BC	Tabiry was the daughter of Alara of Nubia and his wife Kasaqa and the wife of King Piye.
Tadukhipa	|	18th dynasty	fl. c. mid-14th century BC	A daughter of Tushratta, king of Mitanni and his queen, Juni. Tushratta married his daughter to his ally pharaoh Amenhotep III to cement their two states' alliances. Amenhotep III died shortly after Tadukhipa arrived in Egypt so she eventually married his son and heir Akhenaten. Her name is sometime written as Tadu-Hepa.
Taharqa	|	25th dynasty	reigned c. 690 BC – c. 664 BC	He was the son of Piye, the Nubian king of Napata who had first conquered Egypt. During his reign, Assyria forces under General Esarhaddon invaded Egypt and managed to conquer Lower Egypt putting Neto I on the throne in Sias.
Takahatenamun	|	25th dynasty	8th century BC	She was the daughter of King Piye and the sister-wife of King Taharqa.
Takelot I	Takelot I Hedjkheperre Setepenre	|	22nd dynasty	reigned c. 885 BC – c. 872 BC	He was a son of Osorkon I and Queen Tashedkhonsu. He married Kapes who bore him a son, Osorkon II. Takelot I's authority was not fully recognised in Upper Egypt where a local Theban king challenged his authority.
Takelot II	Takelot II Si-Ese Hedjkheperre Setepenre	|	23rd dynasty	reigned c. 840 BC – c. 815 BC	A Pharaoh and High Priest of Amun, ruling Middle and Upper Egypt separately from the Tanite 22nd dynasty kings who at that time only controlled Lower Egypt.
Takelot III	Takelot III Si-Ese Usimare Setepenamun	|	23rd dynasty	reigned c. 774 BC – c. 759 BC	He was Osorkon III's eldest son and successor and High Priest of Amun at Thebes.
Takhat	|	19th dynasty	fl. c. late 13th century BC	The mother of the usurper pharaoh Amenmesse. She was a queen consort to either Merenptah or Seti II.
Takhat (20th dynasty)	Takhat	|	20th dynasty	fl. c. late 13th century BC	The mother of pharaoh Ramesses IX and probably the wife of Montuherkhepeshef, a son of Ramesses III.
Takhuit	|	26th dynasty	fl. c. 6th century BC	Takhuit was the wife of Psamtik II and the mother of Pharaoh Apries and the God's Wife of Amun Ankhnesneferibre.
Talakhamani	|		fl. c. mid-5th century BC	A Kushite King of Meroe (reigned c. 435 BC – c. 431 BC). He may have been a son of Nasakhma and a younger brother of Malewiebamani. It is also possible Talakhamani was a son of Malewiebamani.
Tantamani	|	25th dynasty	reigned c. 664 BC – c. 656 BC	After the Assyrians had appointed Necho I as king and left Egypt, Tantamani marched from Nubia, killed Necho I in battle and reoccupied all of Egypt. The Assyrians returned to Egypt defeated Tantamani's army and effectively ended Nubian control over Egypt. Also known as Tandaname, Tanwetamani or Tementhes.
Senakhtenre Tao I	Tao I the Elder	|	17th dynasty	fl. c. mid-16th century BC	A pharaoh of the 17th dynasty of Egypt who was based in Upper Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period.
Tao II the Brave	Tao II Seqenenre the Brave	|	17th dynasty	fl. c. mid-16th century BC	Ruled over the local kingdoms of the Theban region of Egypt in the 17th dynasty (reigned c. 1558 BC – c. 1554 BC) . He probably was the son and successor to Senaktenre Tao I and Queen Tetisheri. Also known as Sekenenra Taa.
Tashedkhonsu	|	22nd dynasty	fl. c. late-10th century BC	Wife of Pharaoh Osorkon I and the mother of Pharaoh Takelot I.
Tawerettenru	|	20th dynasty	fl. c. mid-12th century BC	The Royal Wife of Ramesses V.
Tefnakht	Tefnakht Shepsesre	|	24th dynasty	reigned c. 732 BC – c. 725 BC	A Libyan-descended prince of Sais, Great Chief of the Meshwesh and Great Chief of the Libu, and founder of the 24th dynasty of Egypt. Tefnakht established his capital at Sais and was able to unify many of the cities of the Delta region. Also known as Tnephachthos.
Tefnakht II	|	25th dynasty	fl. c. early-7th century BC	A native king who ruled Sais during the 25th Nubian Dynasty of Egypt.
Tentamun (18th dynasty)	Tentamun	|	18th dynasty	fl. c. late-15th century BC	A daughter of Thutmose IV.
Tentamun (20th dynasty)	Tentamun	|	20th dynasty	fl. c. late-12th century BC	Probably the wife of Ramesses XI, last ruler of the 20th dynasty.
Tentamun (21st dynasty)	Tentamun	|	21st dynasty	fl. c. mid-11th century BC	The wife of the 21st dynasty pharaoh Smendes. She was probably the daughter of Ramesses XI, last ruler of the 20th dynasty.
Tentkheta	|	26th dynasty	fl. c. mid-6th century BC	Wife of Amasis II. She was a daughter of a priest of Ptah named Padineith. She was the mother of Pharaoh Psamtik III. Also known as Tanetkheta
Teos of Egypt	Teos	|	30th dynasty	fl. c. mid-4th century BC	A 30th dynasty pharaoh of Egypt (reigned 362 BC – 360 BC) who was overthrown by Nectanebo II with the aid of Agesilaus II of Sparta and was forced to flee to Persia. The Persian king Artaxerxes II gave him refuge and Teos lived in Persian exile until his death.
Prince Teta	Teta	|	4th dynasty	fl. c. 26th century BC	A son of Nefermaat, the eldest son of pharaoh Sneferu, and Itet.
Teti	|	6th dynasty	reigned c. 2345 BC – c. 2333 BC	The first pharaoh of the 6th dynasty of Egypt. Teti was either murdered by his palace bodyguards in a harem plot or assassinated by the usurper Userkare. Also known by the name Othoes.
Teti, Son of Minhotep	|	17th dynasty	16th century BC?	An Egyptian official in Coptos during the reign of the Seventeenth Dynasty Pharaoh, Nubkheperre Intef. Known from the Coptos Decree, which deprives him of his office and its stipend for some act of sacrilege.
Tetisheri	|	17th dynasty	fl. c. mid-16th century BC	Wife of pharaoh Senakhtenre Tao I and the mother of Seqenenre Tao II, Queen Ahhotep I and possibly Kamose.
Tey	|	18th dynasty	fl. c. mid-14th century BC	The wife of Kheperkheprure Ay who was a pharaoh of Egypt's 18th dynasty.
Thamphthis	|	4th dynasty	fl. c. mid-25th century BC	The Greek name of an Egyptian king of the 4th dynasty. His original Egyptian name is lost, but it may have been Djedefptah or Ptahdjedef.
Thutmose I	|	18th dynasty	reigned c. 1506 BC – c. 1493 BC	During his reign, he campaigned deep into the Levant and Nubia, pushing the borders of Egypt further than ever before. He built many temples throughout Egypt and was the first pharaoh to build a tomb for himself in the Valley of the Kings. His name is sometimes written as Thothmes, Thutmosis or Tuthmosis I.
Thutmose II	|	18th dynasty	reigned c. 1493 BC – c. 1479 BC	Son of Thutmose I and Queen Mutnofret. He built some minor monuments and initiated some minor campaigns. Thutmose II was probably strongly influenced by his wife and royal half-sister Hatshepsut.
Thutmose III	|	18th dynasty	reigned c. 1479 BC – c. 1425 BC	During the early years of his reign, he was co-regent with his stepmother, Hatshepsut, who was named the pharaoh. After her death, he created the largest empire Egypt had ever seen. He conducted at least seventeen campaigns and he conquered lands from northern Syria to the fourth cataract of the Nile.
Thutmose IV	|	18th dynasty	reigned c. 1401 BC – c. 1391 BC	Son of Amenhotep II and Tiaa. Known for the restoration of the Sphinx at Giza.
Crown Prince Thutmose	Thutmose	|	18th dynasty	fl. c. mid-14th century BC	The eldest son of pharaoh Amenhotep III and Queen Tiye. His apparent early death led to Akhenaten becoming the successor to Amenhotep III. Also known as Djhutmose.
Thutmose (sculptor)	Thutmose	|	18th dynasty	fl. c. mid-14th century BC	The official court sculptor of the Egyptian Pharaoh Akhenaten in the latter part of his reign. Also known as Djhutmose or Thutmosis
Thutmose (Vizier)	Thutmose	|	19th dynasty	fl. c. mid-13th century BC	Vizier during the latter part of the reign of Ramesses II.
Princess Tia	Tia	|	19th dynasty	fl. c. mid-13th century BC	Seti I and Queen Tuya (queen)>Tuya and the elder sister of Ramesses II. Married to a noble man also called Tia. Buried with her husband in Saqqara.
Tiaa	|	18th dynasty	fl. c. late-15th century BC	She was the wife of Pharaoh Amenhotep II and the mother of Thutmose IV.
Tiaa (princess)	Tiaa	|	18th dynasty	fl. c. early-14th century BC	She was a daughter of Pharaoh Thutmose IV.
Tiaa, wife of Sety II	Tiaa	|	19th dynasty	fl. c. late-13th century BC	Possibly a wife of Pharaoh Seti II.
Tiye	|	18th dynasty	fl. c. early to mid-14th century BC	The daughter of Yuya and Tjuyu. She was the Great Royal Wife of pharaoh Amenhotep III and matriarch of the Amarna family from which many members of the royal family of Ancient Egypt were to come.
Tiye (20th dynasty)	Tiye	|	20th dynasty	fl. c. early-12th century BC	A wife of Ramesses III. She instigated a failed conspiracy to kill the king and place Tiye's son Pentawer on the throne, instead of the appointed heir, who was the son of queen Iset Ta-Hemdjert.
Tiy-Merenese	|	20th dynasty	fl. c. early-12th century BC	The wife of Setnakhte and mother of Ramesses III. Her name is sometimes written as Teye-Merenaset or Tiye-Mereniset.
Tjanefer	|	21st dynasty	fl. c. late-11th century BC	A 21st dynasty Egyptian priest. His father was Nesipaherenmut, the Fourth Prophet of Amun, his mother was Isetemheb. He married Gautseshen, the daughter of High Priest Menkheperre and Princess Isetemkheb.
Tjuyu	|	18th dynasty	fl. c. early-14th century BC	An Egyptian noblewoman and the mother of queen Tiye, wife of pharaoh Amenhotep III. Also known as Thuya, Thuyu and Tuya.
Tlepolemus (regent of Egypt)	Tlepolemus	|	Ptolemaic	fl. c. late-3rd century BC	Regent of Egypt during the reign of the boy king Ptolemy V. Tlepolemus was military governor of Pelusium when the regent Agathocles and his family were overthrown and killed in a popular uprising. Tlepolemus briefly took Agathocles' place as regent until he was replaced by Aristomenes of Alyzia.
Tryphaena	|	Ptolemaic	c. 141 BC – 111 BC	A Ptolemaic princess and Seleucid queen. She was the oldest daughter of the Egyptian king Ptolemy VIII and Cleopatra III. She married the Seleucid king Antiochus VIII Grypus and was queen of Syria (124 BC – 111 BC).
Tutankhamun	|	18th dynasty	c. 1341 – c. 1323 BC	Tutankhamen reigned c. 1333 BC – c. 1323 B). He married his half sister, Ankhesenpaaten, who later changed her name to Ankhesenamun. He ended the worship of the god, Aten and restored the god Amun to supremacy. The capital of Egypt was moved back to Thebes.
Tutkheperre Shoshenq	|	22nd dynasty	fl. c. early-9th century BC	A 22nd dynasty Libyan king of Egypt.
Tutu (Egyptian official)	Tutu	|	18th dynasty	fl. c. 14th century BC	Tutu, the Egyptian official, was one of pharaoh's officials during the Amarna letters period.
Tuya (queen)	Tuya	|	19th dynasty	fl. c. early-13th century BC	The wife of Pharaoh Seti I and mother of Ramesses II. Also known as Tuy and Mut-Tuya.
Twosret	|	19th dynasty	fl. c. early 12th century BC	The last pharaoh of the 19th Dynasty of Egypt. She was a royal wife of Seti II. She was regent to Seti's heir Siptah. When Siptah died, Twosret officially assumed the throne. Twosret's reign ended in a civil war leading to her successor Setnakhte founding the 20th dynasty. Also known as Tawosret and Tausret.
Tyti	|	20th dynasty	fl. c. late-12th century BC	An Egyptian queen of the 20th dynasty. She may have been married to Ramesses X.

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!style="width: 150px;" 6th dynasty Pharaoh Vizier Overseer of the Fields of Amun Pharaoh Pharaoh Vizier

Name !	style="width: 100px;"|Main Title !! style="width: 90px;"|Dynasty !!align="center" style="width: 150px;"|Date!! |Comment
Udjebten	Queen	|	fl. c. 23rd or 24th century BC	A wife of Pharaoh Pepi II. Her name is also written as Wadjebten.
Unas	|	5th dynasty	reigned c. 2375 BC – c. 2345 BC	The last 5th dynasty pharaoh of Egypt. Unas may have had two queen consorts, Khenut and Nebit. His name is also written as Oenas, Unis, Wenis, or Ounas.
Useramen	|	18th dynasty	fl. c. mid-15th century BC	A vizier of Egypt under Hatshepsut and Tuthmosis III. Also known as User and Amenuser.
Userhet	|	18th dynasty	fl. c. mid-15th century BC	Userhet was buried in the Valley of the Kings, in tomb KV45. He probably lived during the rule of Thutmose IV.
Userkaf	|	5th dynasty	reigned c. 2498 BC – c. 2491 BC	The first 5th dynasty king of Egypt. He started the tradition of building sun temples at Abusir. He constructed the Pyramid of Userkaf complex at Saqqara.
Userkare	|	6th dynasty	fl. c. 24th century BC	He is considered to be either a usurper to the throne after Teti or he could have been a son of Teti and Queen Khuit.
Usermontu	|	18th dynasty	fl. c. mid-14th century BC	He served during the reign of Pharaoh Tutankhamun.

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!style="width: 150px;" 18th dynasty Pharaoh Pharaoh Pharaoh Prince Pharaoh Prince Pharaoh Court Official, General Viceroy of Kush Prince

Name !	style="width: 100px;"|Main Title !! style="width: 90px;"|Dynasty !!align="center" style="width: 150px;"|Date!! |Comment
Wadjmose	Prince	|	fl. c. late-16th century BC	A son of Pharaoh Thutmose I.
Wahibre Ibiau	|	13th dynasty	fl. c. mid-17th century BC	An Egyptian king of the 13th Dynasty.
Wakhare Khety I	|	9th dynasty	fl. c. 22nd century BC	A pharaoh in the 9th dynasty of Egypt controlling territories based around Herakleopolis.
Wankhare Khety II	|	9th dynasty	fl. c. 22nd century BC	A pharaoh in the 9th dynasty of Egypt controlling territories based around Herakleopolis.
Webensenu	|	18th dynasty	fl. c. late-15th century BC	He was a son of Pharaoh Amenhotep II.
Wegaf	Wegaf Khutawyre	|	13th dynasty	fl. c. late-19th century BC	An Egyptian king of the 13th Dynasty, also known as Ugaf.
Wehemka	|	4th dynasty	fl. c. 26th century BC	A son of Nefermaat, the eldest son of pharaoh Sneferu and Itet.
Weneg (pharaoh)	Weneg	|	2nd dynasty	fl. c. 28th century BC	Weneg was the royal Nebti name of a pharaoh during the 2nd dynasty of Egypt. He is assumed to have been a king who ruled Egypt between Nynetjer and Khasekhemwy. He is also referred to as Wneg or Wadjnes or Tlas.
Weni the Elder	|	6th dynasty	fl. c. late 24th to early 23rd centuries BC	A court official of the 6th dynasty of Egypt. He began his career under Teti, and served as a general under Pepi I Meryre and as governor of Upper Egypt during the reign of Merenre Nemtyemsaf I.
Wentawat	|	20th dynasty	fl. c. 12th century BC	Wentawat (also written as Wentawuat), was Viceroy of Kush under Ramesses IX. Wentawat was possibly a son of the Viceroy Hori II
Wetka	|	4th dynasty	fl. c. 26th century BC	Wetka was a son of Prince Khufukhaf I and Nefertkau II, and a grandson of Khufu.

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!style="width: 150px;" 18th dynasty Pharaoh Steward Master of the Horse

Name !	style="width: 100px;"|Main Title !! style="width: 90px;"|Dynasty !!align="center" style="width: 150px;"|Date!! |Comment
Yanhamu	Commissioner	|	fl. c. 14th century BC	An Egyptian commissioner mentioned in the 1350-1335 BC Amarna letters correspondence. His name has also been read as Yenhamu, and Enhamu.
Yaqub-Har	|	15th dynasty	fl. c. late-17th century BC	He was a Hyksos ruler during Egypt's fragmented Second Intermediate Period. His name is sometimes written as Yakubher, or Yak-Baal.
Yuny	|	19th dynasty	fl. c. early to mid-13th century BC	An official during the reign of pharaoh Ramesses II. He served as chief scribe of the court, the overseer of priests and royal steward. Yuni started building projects at Amara West and Aksha. His name is sometimes written as Iuny.
Yuya	|	18th dynasty	fl. c. early-14th century BC	An Egyptian courtier of the 18th dynasty of Egypt. He was the King’s Lieutenant and Master of the Horse. He married Tjuyu who held high offices in governmental and religious hierarchies. Their daughter, Tiye, became queen to Amenhotep III. His name is sometimes written as Iouiya.

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!style="width: 150px;" 12th dynasty Hittite Prince Pharaoh

Name !	style="width: 100px;"|Main Title !! style="width: 90px;"|Dynasty !!align="center" style="width: 150px;"|Date!! |Comment
Zamonth	Vizier	|	c. 1800 BC.	Also known as Samonth. An Ancient Egyptian vizier who was in office at the end of the Twelfth Dynasty
Zannanza	|	18th dynasty	c. 14th century BC	Prince Zannanza (died c.1324 BC) was a son of Suppiluliuma I, king of the Hittites. He is best known for almost becoming the Pharaoh of Egypt and because his death caused a diplomatic incident between the Hittite Empire and Egypt, that resulted in warfare.
Zoser	|	3rd dynasty	c. 27th century BC	See Djoser

See also[link]

Other articles including lists of ancient Egyptians:

List of pharaohs

List of children of Ramesses II

Great Royal Wife (including list of title holders)

God's Wife of Amun (including list of title holders)

Egypt Egyptians, List of ancient

cy:Rhestr Eifftiaid Hynafol hu:Ókori egyiptomiak listája zh:古埃及人列表