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The Metropolitan Opera House (left) and Avery Fisher Hall (right) at twilight

Avery Fisher Hall, home of the New York Philharmonic in Lincoln Center.

The David H. Koch Theater at Lincoln Center, home of the New York City Ballet.

Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts is a 16.3-acre (6.6-hectare) complex of buildings in the Lincoln Square neighborhood of Manhattan in New York City. Reynold Levy has been its president since 2002.^{[citation needed]}

History and facilities[link]

A consortium of civic leaders and others led by, and under the initiative of John D. Rockefeller III, built Lincoln Center as part of the "Lincoln Square Renewal Project" during Robert Moses's program of urban renewal in the 1950s and 1960s.^[1] Respected architects were contacted to design the major buildings on the site, and over the next thirty years the previously blighted area around Lincoln Center became a new cultural hub.^[2]

Rockefeller was Lincoln Center's inaugural president from 1956 and became its chairman in 1961. He is credited with raising more than half of the $184.5 million in private funds needed to build the complex, including drawing on his own funds; the Rockefeller Brothers Fund also contributed to the project.^[1] The center's three buildings, Avery Fisher Hall (formerly Philharmonic Hall), the Metropolitan Opera House and the David H. Koch Theater (formerly the New York State Theater), were opened in 1962, 1964 and 1966, repsectively.

While the center may have been named because it was located in the Lincoln Square neighborhood, it is unclear whether the area was named as a tribute to U.S. President Abraham Lincoln. The name was bestowed on the area in 1906 by the New York City Board of Aldermen, but records give no reason for choosing that name.^[3] There has long been speculation that the name came from a local landowner, because the square was previously named Lincoln Square. However, city records from the time show only the names Johannes van Bruch, Thomas Hall, Stephan de Lancey, James de Lancey, James de Lancey Jr. and John Somerindyck as area property owners. One speculation is that references to President Lincoln were omitted from the records because the mayor in 1906 was George B. McClellan, Jr., son of General George B. McClellan who was general-in-chief of the Union Army during the American Civil War and a bitter rival of Lincoln.^[4]

The first structure to be completed and occupied as part of this renewal was the Fordham Law School of Fordham University in 1962. Located between Columbus and Amsterdam Avenues, from West 60th to West 66th Streets on Manhattan's Upper West Side, the complex was the first gathering of major cultural institutions into a centralized location in an American city.^{[citation needed]}

The center's cultural institutions also make use of facilities located away from the main campus. In 2004, the center was expanded through the addition of Jazz at Lincoln Center's newly built facilities, the Frederick P. Rose Hall, at the new Time Warner Center, located a few blocks to the south. In March 2006, the center launched construction on a major redevelopment plan that modernized, renovated, and opened up its campus in time for its 50th-anniversary celebration in 2009.

The development of the condominium at 3 Lincoln Center,^[5] completed in 1991, designed by Lee Jablin, Harman Jablin Architects, made possible the expansion of The Juilliard School and The School of American Ballet.^[6][5][7]

In March 2006, the center launched the 65th Street Project – part of a major redevelopment plan continuing through the fall of 2012 – to create a new pedestrian promenade designed to improve accessibility and the aesthetics of that area of the campus. Additionally, Alice Tully Hall was modernized and reopened to critical and popular acclaim in 2009 and the Film Society of Lincoln Center expanded with the new Elinor Bunin Munroe Film Center. The film center is part of a new pavilion that also houses a destination restaurant, Lincoln, offices, and is topped with a sloping lawn roof. Subsequent projects were added which addressed improvements to the main plazas and Columbus Avenue Grand Stairs. Under the direction of the Lincoln Center Development Project, Diller Scofidio + Renfro in association with FXFOWLE Architects and Beyer Blinder Belle Architects provided the design services. Additionally, Turner Construction Company and RCDolner, LLC wer the construction managers for the projects.^[8][9] Another component to redevelopment was the addition of the David Rubenstein Atrium designed by Tod Williams Billie Tsien Architects, a visitors' center and a gateway to the center that offers free performances, day-of-discount tickets, food, and free Wi-Fi.

Performance facilities at the Center[link]

Auditorium of the Metropolitan Opera House at Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts

Interior of the David H. Koch Theater

The center has 29 indoor and outdoor performance facilities that include:

• Alice Tully Hall – a 1,095-seat concert hall located within the Juilliard School building; the home stage of The Chamber Music Society of Lincoln Center.
• Avery Fisher Hall (formerly Philharmonic Hall) – a 2,738-seat symphony hall; the home stage of the New York Philharmonic;
• Metropolitan Opera House – a 3,900-seat opera house; the home stage of the Metropolitan Opera
• David H. Koch Theater (formerly New York State Theater) – a 2,713-seat theater; constructed to be the home of the New York City Ballet; many Broadway musicals have also been revived there
• Vivian Beaumont Theatre – a 1,080-seat Broadway-style theater; operated since 1985 as the main stage of Lincoln Center Theater; previously occupied by The Repertory Theater of Lincoln Center (1965–1973) and The New York Shakespeare Festival (1973–1977)
• Mitzi E. Newhouse Theater (originally known as the Forum) – a 299-seat theater; operated by Lincoln Center Theater for its Off-Broadway-style productions (see Mitzi E. Newhouse Theater at the Internet off-Broadway Database for a list of productions in the venue)
• Claire Tow Theater – a 131-seat theater operated by Lincoln Center Theater to house its more experimental productions (first performance scheduled for June 4, 2012)
• The Walter Reade Theater – a 268-seat movie theater; used by the Film Society of Lincoln Center; features a raised dais used for post-screening filmmaker discussions
• Elinor Bunin Munroe Film Center
• Bruno Walter Auditorium at the New York Public Library for the Performing Arts
• The David Rubenstein Atrium – a facility on Broadway between 62nd and 63rd Streets; includes a public visitors' and discount-ticketing facility with amenities that include free performances and a café
• The Clark Studio Theater – a 120-seat dance theater; a part of the facilities of the Lincoln Center Institute for the Arts in Education
• Damrosch Park – an outdoor amphitheater with a bowl-style stage known as the Guggenheim Band Shell; used for free Lincoln Center Out of Doors presentations
• Daniel and Joanna S. Rose Rehearsal Studio
• Josie Robertson Plaza – the center's central plaza, featuring its iconic fountain; the three main buildings (Metropolitan Opera House, Avery Fisher Hall, and David H. Koch Theater) face onto this plaza; used as an outdoor venue during Lincoln Center Out of Doors presentations
• Juilliard School – a facility housing the school of the same name: building also incorporates Morse Recital Hall, Paul Recital Hall, the Juilliard Drama Theater and the Peter J. Sharp Theater
• Stanley H. Kaplan Penthouse – a nightclub-style venue; used for intimate concerts, "Meet the Artist" and Great Performers events, lectures, and other events where a small, intimate space is preferred; was also used for jazz performances prior to the construction of the new Jazz at Lincoln Center facilities
• Jazz at Lincoln Center – while a part of the center, it is located separately in the Frederick P. Rose Hall complex within the Time Warner Center at Columbus Circle. It consists of the following performance and related facilities:
  • The Allen Room – a 508-seat amphitheater with 50-foot (15-metre) glass wall overlooking Central Park; as of August 2011, this space also became the recording studio for Anderson, a daytime-television talk show hosted by Anderson Cooper
  • Dizzy's Club Coca-Cola – a nightclub-style venue that allows jazz to be performed in its traditional venue
  • Rose Theater – a 1,094-seat concert hall designed for jazz performances
  • Irene Diamond Education Center – a rehearsal, recording and classroom facility

Other associated and local theaters and facilities[link]

• Church of St. Ignatius Loyola – a Roman Catholic Church located on Park Avenue between 83rd and 84th Streets on Manhattan's Upper East Side; used by Lincoln Center for its pipe organ which allows expanded organ repertoire
• The Gerald W. Lynch Theater at John Jay College – a theater at John Jay College of Criminal Justice; used for the Lincoln Center Festival and Great Performers series
• Pope Auditorium – a theater located in Leon Lowenstein Hall of Fordham University's Lincoln Center campus (located across West 62nd Street from Lincoln Center)

Resident organizations[link]

The enter serves as home for eleven resident arts organizations:^[10]

Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts, Inc.[link]

Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts, Inc. (LCPA) is one of the eleven resident organizations, and serves three primary roles: presenter of artistic programming, national leader in arts and education and community relations, and manager of the center's campus. As the world's largest presenter of performing arts offering some 5,000 programs, initiatives and events annually, its programs include American Songbook, Great Performers, Lincoln Center Festival, Lincoln Center Out of Doors, Midsummer Night Swing, the Mostly Mozart Festival, and the Emmy Award-winning Live from Lincoln Center.^[10][11]

In July 2006, the LCPA announced it would join with publishing company John Wiley & Sons to publish at least 15 books on performing arts, and would draw on the Lincoln Center Institute's educational background and archives.^[12]

Architects[link]

Main plaza at the Center

Architects who designed buildings at the center include:

• Max Abramovitz – Avery Fisher Hall
• Pietro Belluschi – The Juilliard School (including Alice Tully Hall). Modernized by Diller Scofidio + Renfro in association with FX Fowle
• Gordon Bunshaft – The New York Public Library for the Performing Arts
• Wallace Harrison – the center's master plan and the Metropolitan Opera House
• Lee S Jablin – 3 Lincoln Center, the adjacent condominium built by a private developer
• Philip Johnson – New York State Theater, now known as the David H. Koch Theater
• Eero Saarinen – Vivian Beaumont Theater
• Davis, Brody and Associates – The Samuel B. and David Rose Building.
• Billie Tsien, Tod William – The David Rubenstein Atrium
• H3 Hardy Collaboration Architecture LLC – The Claire Tow Theater

Historical events[link]

This article is in a list format that may be better presented using prose. You can help by converting this article to prose, if appropriate. Editing help is available. (May 2012)

• April 21, 1955: Lincoln Square designated for urban renewal.
• June 22, 1956: Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts, Inc. incorporated.
• May 14, 1959: Ground-breaking ceremony with U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower
• September 23, 1962: Philharmonic Hall (now Avery Fisher Hall) opened. A two-hour live CBS special, Opening Night at Lincoln Center, preserved the event on videotape.
• April 6, 1964: Lincoln Center Fountain opened. Renamed the Revson Fountain
• April 23, 1964: New York State Theater opened.
• October 14, 1965: Vivian Beaumont Theater and the Forum (now Mitzi E. Newhouse Theater) opened.
• November 30, 1965: The Library & Museum of the Performing Arts opened.
• September 16, 1966: The Metropolitan Opera House opened.
• May 22, 1969: Damrosch Park and the Guggenheim Band Shell opened.
• September 11, 1969: Alice Tully Hall opened.
• October 26, 1969: Juilliard School opened.
• October 19, 1976: Avery Fisher Hall re-opened after renovation to improve acoustics.
• December 4, 1981: The Big Apple Circus performed at its winter home in Damrosch Park for the first time. The circus has performed every winter at Lincoln Center ever since.
• September 7, 1982: New York State Theater re-opened after renovation to improve acoustics.
• September 2, 1986: Former Jewish Defense League National Chairman Victor Vancier throws a tear gas grenade during a performance of Soviet ballet in the Metropolitan Opera House as a protest against the Soviet practice of not letting its Jews emigrate to Israel.
• November 19, 1990: The Samuel B. and David Rose Building opened; houses the Walter Reade Theater, the Stanley H. Kaplan Penthouse, the Daniel and Joanna S. Rose Rehearsal Studio, the Clark Studio Theater, the School of American Ballet, and Juilliard School student residences, as well as office space for a number of the member organizations.
• December 3, 1991: The Walter Reade Theater opened within the previously completed Samuel B. and David Rose Building.
• July 12, 1997: The Paul Milstein Plaza dedicated.
• October 18, 2004: Jazz at Lincoln Center opened.
• March 2006: Preliminary construction on the West 65th Street Project begins
• June 8, 2006: Plans for Lincoln Center to transform the nearby Harmony Atrium into a public space for the arts open to the public, neighbors, students, and Lincoln Center patrons are announced.
• June 12, 2006: The Lincoln Center Promenade initiative to revitalize Lincoln Center's Columbus Avenue frontage and the iconic Josie Robertson Plaza is unveiled.
• August 20, 2006: Paul Milstein Plaza dismantled as part of 65th Street Redevelopment project.
• May 21, 2010: Renovation of central and north plazas unveiled.^[13]

See also[link]

	Architecture portal
	New York City portal

• Essentially Ellington High School Jazz Band Competition and Festival
• List of museums and cultural institutions in New York City

References[link]

Notes

Other sources

• Young, Edgar B. (1980). Lincoln Center: The Building of an Institution. New York City: New York University Press ISBN ??

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts

• lincolncenter.org, the center's official website
• Alice Tully Hall on NYC ARTS

Wynton Marsalis
Marsalis at the Oskar Schindler Performing Arts Center (OSPAC) Seventh Annual Jazz Festival in West Orange, New Jersey
Background information
Birth name	Wynton Learson Marsalis
Born	(1961-10-18) October 18, 1961 (age 50) New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
Genres	Jazz, post-bop, jazz poetry, Classical
Occupations	Composer, trumpeter, Artistic Director of Jazz at Lincoln Center Orchestra and Opera
Instruments	Trumpet
Years active	1980–present
Labels	Columbia, Sony, Blue Note
Associated acts	English Chamber Orchestra
Website	www.wyntonmarsalis.com

Wynton Learson Marsalis (born October 18, 1961) is a trumpeter, composer, teacher, music educator, and Artistic Director of Jazz at Lincoln Center in New York City, United States. Marsalis has promoted the appreciation of classical and jazz music often to young audiences. Marsalis has been awarded nine Grammys in both genres, and a jazz recording of his was the first of its kind to win the Pulitzer Prize for Music.

Marsalis is the son of jazz musician Ellis Marsalis, Jr. (pianist), grandson of Ellis Marsalis, Sr., and brother of Branford (saxophonist), Delfeayo (trombonist), Mboya, and Jason (drummer).

Life and career[link]

Wynton was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, on October 18, 1961, the second of six sons of Dolores (née Ferdinand) and Ellis Louis Marsalis, Jr., a pianist and music professor.^[1] At an early age, he exhibited an aptitude for music. At age eight, Wynton performed traditional New Orleans music in the Fairview Baptist Church band led by banjoist Danny Barker, and at 14, he performed with the New Orleans Philharmonic. During high school, Wynton performed with the New Orleans Symphony Brass Quintet, New Orleans Community Concert Band, New Orleans Youth Orchestra, New Orleans Symphony, various jazz bands and with a local funk band, the Creators.

He graduated from Benjamin Franklin High School with a 3.98 GPA.^[2] At age 17, Wynton was the youngest musician admitted to Tanglewood's Berkshire Music Center, where he won the school's Harvey Shapiro Award for outstanding brass student. Wynton moved to New York City to attend Juilliard in 1979, and picked up gigs around town. During this period, Wynton received a grant from the National Endowment of the Arts to spend time and study with trumpet innovator Woody Shaw, one of Wynton's major influences at the time. In 1980, Wynton joined the Jazz Messengers led by Art Blakey. In the years that followed, Wynton performed with Sarah Vaughan, Dizzy Gillespie, Sweets Edison, Clark Terry, Sonny Rollins, Ron Carter, Herbie Hancock, Tony Williams and countless other jazz legends.

In 1995, PBS premiered Marsalis On Music, an educational television series on jazz and classical music hosted and written by Marsalis. Also, in 1995, National Public Radio aired the first of Marsalis’ 26-week series, entitled Making the Music. Wynton's radio and television series were awarded the George Foster Peabody Award. Marsalis has also written five books: Sweet Swing Blues on the Road, Jazz in the Bittersweet Blues of Life, To a Young Musician: Letters from the Road, Jazz ABZ (an A to Z collection of poems celebrating jazz greats), and his most recent release Moving to Higher Ground: How Jazz Can Change Your Life.^{[citation needed]}

In 1987, Wynton Marsalis co-founded a jazz program at Lincoln Center. In July 1996, Jazz at Lincoln Center was installed as new constituent of Lincoln Center. In October 2004, Marsalis opened Frederick P. Rose Hall, the world's first institution for jazz containing three performance spaces (including the first concert hall designed specifically for jazz) along with recording, broadcast, rehearsal and educational facilities. Wynton presently serves as Artistic Director for Jazz at Lincoln Center and Music Director for the Jazz at Lincoln Center Orchestra.^{[citation needed]} One of his most recent releases was a 2011 collaboration with blues-rock guitarist Eric Clapton, a Jazz at Lincoln Center concert that produced the live album Wynton Marsalis & Eric Clapton Play the Blues.

In December 2011, Marsalis was named cultural correspondent for the new CBS This Morning.^[3]

Awards and recognition[link]

Marsalis has won nine Grammy Awards. In 1983 and 1984, he became the only artist ever to win Grammy Awards for both jazz and classical records, and he is the only artist to win Grammy Awards for five consecutive years (1983–1987).

Honorary degrees Marsalis has received include those conferred by New York University,^[4] Columbia, Harvard, Howard, the State University of New York, Princeton and Yale. Marsalis was honored with the Louis Armstrong Memorial Medal and the Algur H. Meadows Award for Excellence in the Arts. He was inducted into the American Academy of Achievement and was dubbed an Honorary Dreamer by the I Have a Dream Foundation. The New York Urban League awarded Marsalis with the Frederick Douglass Medallion for distinguished leadership and the American Arts Council presented him with the Arts Education Award.

Time magazine list of promising Americans under the age 40 selected Maralis in 1995, and in 1996, Time celebrated Marsalis as one of America's 25 most influential people. In November 2005, Marsalis received the National Medal of Arts. United Nations Secretary-General Kofi Annan proclaimed Marsalis an international ambassador of goodwill for the United States by appointing him a UN Messenger of Peace (2001).

In 1997, Marsalis became the first jazz musician ever to win the Pulitzer Prize for Music for his epic oratorio, Blood On The Fields. In a personal note to Marsalis, Zarin Mehta wrote, "I was not surprised at your winning the Pulitzer Prize for Blood On The Fields. It is a broad, beautifully painted canvas that impresses and inspires. It speaks to us all ... I’m sure that, somewhere in the firmament, Buddy Bolden, Louis Armstrong and legions of others are smiling down on you."^{[citation needed]}

Marsalis won the Netherlands’ Edison Award and the Grand Prix du Disque of France. The Mayor of Vitoria, Spain, awarded Wynton with the city's Gold Medal – its most coveted distinction. In 1996, Britain's senior conservatoire, the Royal Academy of Music, made Marsalis an honorary member, the Academy's highest decoration for a non-British citizen. The city of Marciac, France, erected a bronze statue in his honor. The French Ministry of Culture appointed Wynton the rank of Knight in the Order of Arts and Literature, and in the fall of 2009, Marsalis received France's highest distinction, the insignia Chevalier of the Legion of Honour, an honor that was first awarded by Napoleon Bonaparte.

Statue dedicated to W. Marsalis in Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain

Marsalis, with his father and brothers, are group recipients of the 2011 NEA Jazz Masters Award.^[5]

Marsalis has toured 30 countries on every continent except Antarctica, and nearly five million copies of his recordings have been sold worldwide.

Music awards[link]

Pulitzer Prize for Music

• 1997 Blood on the Fields, oratorio

Grammy Award for Best Jazz Instrumental Album, Individual or Group

• 1986 Black Codes (From the Underground)
• 1987 J Mood
• 1988 Marsalis Standard Time - Volume I

Grammy Award for Best Instrumental Soloist(s) Performance (with orchestra)

• 1983 Raymond Leppard (conductor), Wynton Marsalis & the National Philharmonic Orchestra for Haydn: Trumpet Concerto in E Flat/L. Mozart: Trumpet Concerto In D/Hummel: Trumpet Concerto in E Flat
• 1984 Raymond Leppard (conductor), Wynton Marsalis & the English Chamber Orchestra for Wynton Marsalis, Edita Gruberova: Handel, Purcell, Torelli, Fasch, Molter

Grammy Award for Best Jazz Instrumental Solo

• 1983 Think of One
• 1984 Hot House Flowers
• 1985 Black Codes (From the Underground)

Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album for Children

• 2000 Listen to the Storyteller

Criticisms[link]

Several jazz notables have unfavorable views of Marsalis' musicianship. Jazz critic Scott Yanow viewed Marsalis as talented but criticized his "selective knowledge of jazz history" and his regard for "post-1965 avant-garde playing to be outside of jazz and 1970s fusion to be barren" as the unfortunate result of the "somewhat eccentric beliefs of Stanley Crouch.^[6] Trumpeter Lester Bowie said of Marsalis, "If you retread what's gone before, even if it sounds like jazz, it could be anathema to the spirit of jazz."^[7] In his 1997 book Blue: The Murder of Jazz, Eric Nisenson argues that Marsalis's focus on a narrow portion of jazz's past stifled growth and innovation.^[8] In 1997, pianist Keith Jarrett criticized Marsalis saying "I've never heard anything Wynton played sound like it meant anything at all. Wynton has no voice and no presence. His music sounds like a talented high-school trumpet player to me."^[9] Pierre Sprey, president of jazz record company Mapleshade Records, said in 2001 that "When Marsalis was nineteen, he was a fine jazz trumpeter...But he was getting his tail beat off every night in Art Blakey's band. I don't think he could keep up. And finally he retreated to safe waters. He's a good classical trumpeter and thus he sees jazz as being a classical music. He has no clue what's going on now."^[10] Bassist Stanley Clarke said "All the guys that are criticizing—like Wynton Marsalis and those guys—I would hate to be around to hear those guys playing on top of a groove!"^[11] In his autobiography, Miles Davis – who Marsalis said had left jazz and "went into rock"^[12] – hedged his praise of Marsalis by suggesting that he was unoriginal. He also found him too competitive, saying "Wynton thinks playing music is about blowing people up on stage." In 1986, in Vancouver, Davis stopped his band to eject an uninvited Marsalis from the stage. Davis said "Wynton can't play the kind of shit we were playing", and twice told Marsalis "Get the fuck off."^[13]

Some critical exchanges have included insults. Besides insinuating that Davis had pandered to audiences, Marsalis said Davis dressed like a "buffoon." Trumpeter Lester Bowie called Marsalis "brain dead", "mentally-ill" and "trapped in some opinions that he had at age 21... because he's been paid to."^[7][12] Marsalis in reply said Bowie was "another guy who never really could play."^[12]

Marsalis was criticized for pressing his neo-classicist opinions of jazz as producer and on-screen commentator in the Ken Burns documentary Jazz (2001). The documentary focused primarily on Duke Ellington and Louis Armstrong among others, while ignoring other jazz artists. David Adler said that "Wynton's coronation in the film is not merely biased. It is not just aesthetically grating. It is unethical, given his integral role in the making of the very film that is praising him to the heavens."^[14]

Discography[link]

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Wynton Marsalis

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Wynton Marsalis

• Official website
• Profile at Jazz at the Lincoln Center (click 'more')
• Wynton Marsalis at the Internet Movie Database
• Works by or about Wynton Marsalis in libraries (WorldCat catalog)
• Wynton Marsalis at the Notable Names Database
• Wynton Marsalis collected news and commentary at The New York Times
• Wynton Marsalis on The Tavis Smiley Show, March 15, 2011 (23:31 video)
• Post-Katrina Tulane University Speech
• USA Today Q&A, January 14, 2007
• Wynton Marsalis: Reader's guide

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Deepak Chopra
Speaking to the Microsoft PAC on January 15, 2011
Born	(1946-10-22) October 22, 1946 (age 65) New Delhi, India
Nationality	American
Occupation	Physician, public speaker, writer
Spouse	Rita Chopra
Children	Mallika Chopra and Gotham Chopra
Parents	K. L. Chopra, Pushpa Chopra
Website
www.deepakchopra.com

Deepak Chopra (Hindi: दीपक चोपड़ा; born October 22, 1946) is an Indian-born, American physician, public speaker, and writer. He is generally specialized in subjects such as spirituality, Ayurveda and mind-body medicine.^[1][2] Chopra began his career as an endocrinologist and later shifted his focus to alternative medicine.^[3] He now runs his own medical center with a focus on mind-body connections.^{[clarification needed]} He is also a lecturer at the Update in Internal Medicine event.

Chopra was an assistant to Maharishi Mahesh Yogi before starting his own career in the late 1980s by publishing self-help books on New Age spirituality and alternative medicine.^[4][5] A friend of Michael Jackson for 20 years, Chopra criticized the "cult of drug-pushing doctors, with their co-dependent relationships with addicted celebrities", saying that he hoped Jackson's death, attributed to an overdose of a prescription drug, would be a call to action.^[6]

Early life and education[link]

Chopra was born in New Delhi, India.^[1][7] His father, Krishan Chopra (1919–2001) was a prominent Indian cardiologist, and head of the department of medicine and cardiology at Mool Chand Khairati Ram Hospital, New Delhi, for over 25 years,^[8] He was also a lieutenant in the British army.^[1][7] His paternal grandfather was a sergeant in the British Army, who looked to Ayurveda for treatment for a heart condition when the condition did not improve with Western medicine.^[9]

Chopra's younger brother, Sanjiv, is a professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School and staff at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center.^[10]

As a young man, Chopra's desire was to become an actor or journalist, but he reports that he was inspired by a character in Arrowsmith by Sinclair Lewis and became a doctor.^[11]

Chopra completed his primary education at St. Columba's School in New Delhi and graduated from the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS).^[12] After immigrating to the US in 1968, Chopra began his clinical internship and residency training at Muhlenberg Hospital in Plainfield, New Jersey. He had residency terms at the Lahey Clinic in Burlington, Massachusetts, and at the University of Virginia Hospital.^[7]

He earned his license to practice medicine in the state of Massachusetts in 1973^[13] and received a California medical license in 2004.^[14] Chopra is board-certified in internal medicine and specialized in endocrinology.^[13] He is also a member of the American Medical Association (AMA),^[15]

Career[link]

Chopra taught at the medical schools of Tufts University, Boston University and Harvard University. He became Chief of Staff at the New England Memorial Hospital in Stoneham, Massachusetts,^[7] later known as Boston Regional Medical Center, before establishing a private practice.^[7]

After reading about the Transcendental Meditation technique (TM), Chopra and his wife learned the practice in 1981, and two months later they went on to learn the advanced TM-Sidhi program.^[16] Sources also describe a 1981 meeting between Chopra and Ayurvedic physician Brihaspati Dev Triguna in Delhi, India, in which Triguna advised Chopra to learn the TM technique.^[12]

In 1985, Chopra met Maharishi Mahesh Yogi, who invited him to study Ayurveda.^[12][17] In that same year, Chopra left his position at the New England Memorial Hospital and became the founding president of the American Association of Ayurvedic Medicine, and was later named medical director of the Maharishi Ayurveda Health Center for Stress Management and Behavioral Medicine.^[12][17][18] He was initially the sole stockholder of Maharishi Ayurveda Products International, but divested after three months.^[19] He has been called the TM movement's "poster boy" and "its leading Ayurvedic physician".^[20] In 1989, the Maharishi awarded him with the title "Dhanvantari (Lord of Immortality), the keeper of perfect health for the world".^[21]

In its May 22/29, 1991 issue, the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) published an article coauthored by Chopra: "Letter from New Delhi: Maharishi Ayur-Veda: Modern Insights Into Ancient Medicine".^[22] JAMA editors claimed that Chopra and his co-authors had financial interests in "Maharishi Vedic Medicine" products and services. In the August 14, 1991 edition of JAMA, the editors published a financial disclosure correction^[23] and followed up on October 2, 1991 with a six-page Medical News and Perspectives exposé.^[24] An article discussing this chain of events was authored by Andrew A. Skolnick in the Newsletter of the National Association of Science Writers.^[25] A 1992 defamation lawsuit brought against the article's author and the editor of JAMA was dismissed in 1993.^[26][27] Media reports published four years later saying that there had been a monetary settlement of the case were later withdrawn as untrue.^[28]

By 1992, Chopra was serving on the National Institutes of Health ad hoc panel on alternative medicine.^[29] In 1993, Chopra became executive director of the Sharp Institute for Human Potential and Mind–Body Medicine with a $30,000 grant from the Office of Alternative Medicine in the National Institutes to study Ayurvedic medicine.^[12] Chopra's institute also maintained affiliation with Sharp Healthcare, in San Diego.^[17][18] That same year Chopra moved with his family to Southern California where he lives with his wife and near his two adult children, Gotham and Mallika.^[12]

Chopra left the Transcendental Meditation movement in January 1994. According to his own account, Chopra was accused by Maharishi Mahesh Yogi of attempting to compete with the Maharishi's position as guru.^[30] Author Todd Carroll said Chopra left the TM organization when it “became too stressful” and was a “hindrance to his success”.^[5]

In 1995, Chopra was the recipient of the Toastmasters "International Top Five Outstanding Speakers" award.^[31] In 1997, Chopra was given the Golden Gavel Award by Toastmasters.^{[32][dead link]}

He was presented the Medal of the Presidency of the Italian Republic awarded by the Pio Manzu International Scientific Committee. In the citation committee chairman and former Soviet premier Mikhail Gorbachev referred to Chopra as "one of the most lucid and inspired philosophers of our time".^[33] Esquire magazine designated him as one of the "top ten motivational speakers in the country".^[11][31] He is the recipient of the 2002 Einstein Award through Albert Einstein College of Medicine in collaboration with the American Journal of Psychotherapy.

In 1996, Chopra parted company with the Sharp Institute. That same year, Chopra and neurologist David Simon founded the Chopra Center for Wellbeing, which incorporated Ayurveda in its regimen, and was located in La Jolla, California. The University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine and American Medical Association have granted continuing medical education credits for some programs offered to physicians at the Chopra Center.^[7][12][17] In 2002, Chopra and Simon relocated the Chopra Center to the grounds of La Costa Resort and Spa in Carlsbad, California, continuing to offer mind-body wellness programs, medical consultations, and instruction in meditation, yoga, and Ayurveda.

Chopra and Simon also revived an ancient mantra-based meditation practice, traveling to India to study the origins of this technique, known as Primordial Sound Meditation. This form of meditation is now taught at the Chopra Center and by certified instructors who receive their training through Chopra Center University.

Since 2000 Chopra has sat as an advisor for the National Ayurvedic Medical Association.^[34]

In 2005 Chopra was made a Senior Scientist at The Gallup Organization.^[35] He currently serves as an Adjunct Professor of Executive Programs at the Kellogg School of Management at Northwestern University.^[36]

He is also a weekly columnist for the San Francisco Chronicle, a regular contributor to The Washington Post's "On Faith" section and a prolific contributor to The Huffington Post.^[37][38][39]

Chopra is also a monthly contributor to The Times of India Speaking Tree.^[40][41]

In 2006, Chopra launched Virgin Comics LLC with his son Gotham Chopra and entrepreneur Richard Branson. The company's purpose is to "spread peace and awareness through comics and trading cards that display traditional Kabalistic characters and stories."^[7] Chopra was awarded the 2006 Ellis Island Medal of Honor by the National Ethnic Coalition of Organizations.^[42][43]

He was the recipient in 2009 of the Oceana Award.^[44] Also in 2009, Chopra established the Chopra Foundation with a mission to advance the cause of mind/body spiritual healing, education, and research through fundraising for selected projects.^[45] In 2010 the Chopra Foundation sponsored the first Sages and Scientists Symposium, attended by a number of scientists, social scientists and artists from around the world, with a second symposium hosted in February 2011. The third symposium is scheduled for March 2012^[46] with seminars relating to Alzheimer's Disease and "Past Life Memories" amongst others.^[47]

In 2010, Chopra received the Cinequest Life of a Maverick Award for his collaborations with filmmakers Shekhar Kapur and his son, Gotham Chopra. The award goes to "inspirational individuals who touch the world of film while their greater lives exemplify the Maverick spirit."^[11]

Chopra is heavily featured in UniGlobe Entertainment's cancer docudrama titled 1 a Minute talking about mind, body, spirit and the mystery of life and death.^[48] The documentary is directed by actress Namrata Singh Gujral and also features cancer survivors Olivia Newton-John, Diahann Carroll, Melissa Etheridge, Mumtaz and Jaclyn Smith.

He received the 2010 Humanitarian Starlite Award "for his global force of human empowerment, well-being and for bringing light to the world."^[49] Chopra is the recipient of the 2010 GOI Peace Award.^[50]

In September 2010, Chopra published a criticism of Stephen Hawking's book The Grand Design.^[51]

In conjunction with Menas Kafatos and Rudolph E. Tanzi, Chopra published a paper in the Journal of Cosmology Vol. 14 April–May 2011, titled "How Consciousness Becomes the Physical Universe".^[52]

In June 2011, Chopra wrote an op-ed for the American Medical Association Journal of Ethics titled "Medicine’s Great Divide—The View from the Alternative Side".^[53]

In 2011, Chopra was ranked the Number 1 influencer of all Indians in the world, both resident and non-resident.^[54]

In October 2011, Chopra wrote a critical review of Richard Dawkins' book The Magic of Reality in the Huffington Post.^[55]

In 2011 and 2012, Chopra partnered with Alexander Tsiaras, founder of TheVisualMD on an online program called "The 9 Visual Rules of Wellness".^[56]

In May of 2012 Chopra co-authored a paper entitled "The Zinc Dyshomeostasis Hypothesis of Alzheimer’s Disease" along with Travis J. A. Craddock, Jack A. Tuszynski, Noel Case, Lee E. Goldstein, Stuart R. Hameroff, and Rudolph E. Tanzi in the PLoS ONE Journal ^[57]

Criticism[link]

According to a 2008 article in Time magazine, Chopra is “a magnet for criticism”, primarily from those involved in science and medicine. Some critics say that Chopra creates a false sense of hope in sick individuals which may keep them away from effective medical care. The Time article summarized Chopra's reception and popularity thus: "Of all the Asian gurus…, Chopra has arguably been the most successful at erasing apparent differences between East and West by packaging Eastern mystique in credible Western garb. …His quest to construct a pleasing and seamless model of the universe tends to jump to easy conclusions and to spackle over problematic gaps and inconsistencies in the ideas he presents — is obvious to all but his most starry-eyed fans. But grousing about such crimes — as many do — does little to explain his enormous popularity. Chopra is as rich as he is today not because he has been dishonest with anyone, but because his basic message — that love, health and happiness are possible, that mystery is real and that the universe is ultimately a friendly and benevolent place where orthodoxies old and new can meet and make peace with one another — is one that he wants to believe in just as sincerely as his readers do."^[58][59]

Chopra was sued for plagiarism by Robert Sapolsky for using a stress endocrine chart without proper attribution, after the publication of Chopra’s book Ageless Body, Timeless Mind. An out-of-court settlement resulted in Chopra attributing material that was researched by Sapolsky.^[59] Chopra acknowledges that his thought has been inspired by Jiddu Krishnamurti and others.^[5][60]

In 1996, The Weekly Standard published an article which accused Chopra of "plagiarism and soliciting a prostitute"; however, Chopra sued and the paper withdrew its statements and published an apology.^[61]

Chopra has been criticized for his frequent references to the relationship of quantum mechanics to healing processes, a connection that has drawn skepticism from some physicists who say it can be considered as contributing to the general confusion in the popular press regarding quantum measurement, decoherence and the Heisenberg uncertainty principle.^[62] In 1998, Chopra was awarded the satirical Ig Nobel Prize in physics for "his unique interpretation of quantum physics as it applies to life, liberty, and the pursuit of economic happiness".^[63] According to the book Skeptics Dictionary, Chopra's "mind-body claims get even murkier as he tries to connect Ayurveda with quantum physics.”^[5] Chopra also participated in the Channel 4 (UK) documentary The Enemies of Reason, where, when interviewed by scientist Richard Dawkins, he admitted that the term "quantum theory" was being used as a metaphor and that it has little to do with the actual quantum theory in physics.^[64]

In August 2005, Chopra wrote a series of articles on the creation-evolution controversy and Intelligent design which were criticized by science writer Michael Shermer, founder of The Skeptics Society.^[65][66][67]

In March 2010, Chopra and Jean Houston debated Sam Harris and Michael Shermer at Caltech on the question "Does God Have a Future?" Shermer and Harris criticized Chopra's use of scientific terminology to expound unrelated spiritual concepts.^[68] Shermer has said that Chopra is "the very definition of what we mean by pseudoscience".^[68]

In April 2010, Hindu American Foundation co-founder Aseem Shukla, on a Washington Post-sponsored blog on faith and religion, criticized Chopra for suggesting that yoga did not have origins in Hinduism but is an older Indian spiritual tradition which predated Hinduism.^[69] Later on, Chopra explained yoga as rooted in "consciousness alone" which is a universal, non-sectarian eternal wisdom of life expounded by Vedic rishis long before historic Hinduism ever arose. He further accused Aseem Shukla of having a "fundamentalist agenda". Dr. Shukla in a rejoinder titled "Dr. Chopra: Honor thy heritage" termed Deepak Chopra as an exponent of the art of "How to Deconstruct, Repackage and Sell Hindu Philosophy Without Calling it Hindu!" and to the allegation of "fundamentalist" he responded by accusing Chopra of raising the "bogey of communalism" in frustration to divert the argument.^[70][71]

Chopra addresses these scientific criticisms in his 2011 book War of the Worldviews - Science vs Spirituality, coauthored with CalTech Professor of Physics Leonard Mlodinow. In it he explains his respect and admiration for the scientific method while pointing out its limitations and the need for an expanded science that includes the reality and investigation of the observer, or consciousness.^[72][73]

Message[link]

According to Business Week, one of Chopra's main messages is that by ridding oneself of negative emotions and developing intuition by listening to signals from the body, health can be improved. According to Chopra, slowing down or reversing the aging of the mind through his methods can increase one's lifespan up to the age of 120 years. As a result of his writings and lectures in this area, he is thought by some to be "one of the pre-eminent leaders of the mind-body-spirit movement".^[11]

Publications[link]

Chopra has written more than 65 books with 19 New York Times bestsellers. His books have been translated into 35 languages and sold more than 20 million copies worldwide.^[29] His book, Peace Is the Way won the Quill Awards and The Book of Secrets: Unlocking the Hidden Dimensions of your Life received the Nautilus Award. FINS - Wall Street Journal, mentioned his book, “The Soul of Leadership”, as one of five best business books of 2011 to read for your career. Chopra is represented in the United States by the literary agency, Trident Media Group.^[74] His first book, Creating Health, is credited with helping to create initial, international recognition for Chopra.^[7]

• 1987 Creating Health ISBN 0-395-75515-8
• 1988 Return of the Rishi ISBN 0-395-57420-X
• 1989 Quantum Healing: Exploring the Frontiers of Mind/Body Medicine ISBN 0-553-34869-8^[75]
• 1991 Unconditional Life: Mastering the Forces That Shape Personal Reality
• 1991 Perfect Health: The Complete Mind/Body Guide ISBN 0-517-58421-2
• 1993 Ageless Body, Timeless Mind : The Quantum Alternative to Growing Old ISBN 0-517-59257-6
• 1993 Creating Affluence: Wealth Consciousness in the Field of All PossibilitiesISBN 1-880032-42-2
• 1994 The Seven Spiritual Laws of Success: A Practical Guide to the Fulfilment of Your Dreams
• 1995 The Way of the Wizard: Twenty Spiritual Lessons in Creating the Life You Want ISBN 0-517-70434-X
• 1995 The Return of Merlin: A Novel ISBN 0-449-91074-1
• 1995 Journey into Healing ISBN 1-4000-8069-X
• 1995 The Path to Love: Spiritual Strategies for Healing
• 1996 Perfect Weight ISBN 0-517-88458-5
• 1996 Restful Sleep ISBN 0-517-88457-7
• 1996 Raid on the Inarticulate ISBN 1-882971-16-7
• 1997 The Path to Love: Renewing the Power of Spirit in Your Life ISBN 0-517-70622-9
• 1997 The Seven Spiritual Laws for Parents: Guiding Your Children to Success and Fulfillment
• 1997 Perfect Digestion ISBN 0-609-80076-0
• 1998 Overcoming Addictions ISBN 0-609-80195-3
• 1998 The Love Poems of RumiISBN 0-609-60243-8
• 1998 Healing the Heart ISBN 0-609-60035-4
• 1999 Everyday Immortality: A Concise Course in Spiritual Transformation ISBN 0-609-60484-8
• 1999 On the Shores of Eternity: Poems from Tagore on Immortality and Beyond ISBN 0-609-60564-X
• 1999 A Deepak Chopra Companion ISBN 0-609-80454-5
• 1999 Daughters of JoyISBN 0-451-20935-4
• 1999 Lords of Light: A Novel ISBN 0-312-96892-2
• 2000 The Angel is Near: A Novel ISBN 0-312-97024-2
• 2000 How to Know God : The Soul's Journey into the Mystery of Mysteries ISBN 0-609-60078-8
• 2001 The Deeper Wound: Recovering the Soul from Fear and Suffering, 100 Days of Healing
• 2001 Grow Younger, Live Longer: 10 Steps to Reverse Aging ISBN 0-609-60079-6
• 2001 The Soul in Love: Classic Poems of Ecstasy and Exaltation ISBN 0-609-60648-4
• 2002 Manifesting Good Luck Cards: Growth and Enlightenment
• 2003 Golf for Enlightenment: The Seven Lessons for the Game of Life
• 2003 The Spontaneous Fulfillment of Desire: Harnessing the Infinite Power of Coincidence ISBN 0-609-60042-7
• 2003 Synchrodestiny: Harnessing the Infinite Power of Coincidence to Create Miracles ISBN 1-84413-221-8
• 2003 Manifesting Good Luck: Love and Relationships, 50 Card Deck
• 2003 The Chopra Center Cookbook ISBN 0-471-45404-4
• 2004 The Book of Secrets: Unlocking the Hidden Dimensions of Your Life ISBN 0-517-70624-5
• 2004 Fire in the Heart: A Spiritual Guide for Teens ISBN 0-689-86216-4
• 2005 Peace Is the Way : Bringing War and Violence to an End ISBN 0-307-23607-2
• 2005 The Seven Spiritual Laws of Yoga: A Practical Guide to Healing Body, Mind, and Spirit
• 2005 Magical Beginnings Enchanted lives: A Holistic Guide to Pregnancy ISBN 0-517-70220-7
• 2005 Teens Ask Deepak ISBN 0-689-86218-0
• 2006 Ask The Kabala: Oracle Cards/Kabala Guidebook ISBN 978-1-4019-1039-6
• 2006 Power Freedom and Grace: Living from the Source of Lasting Happiness ISBN 978-1-878424-81-5
• 2006 Life After Death: The Burden of Proof ISBN 0-307-34578-5
• 2006 Kama Sutra: Including the Seven Spiritual Laws of Love ISBN 978-1-85227-385-9
• 2007 Buddha: A Story of Enlightenment ISBN 978-0-06-087880-1
• 2007 Boundless Energy: The Complete Mind/Body Program for Overcoming Chronic Fatigue ISBN 0-609-80075-2
• 2007 Freedom From Addiction ISBN 0-7573-0578-4
• 2008 The Third Jesus: The Christ We Cannot Ignore ISBN 978-0-307-33831-0
• 2008 Why Is God Laughing? The Path to Joy and Spiritual Optimism
• 2008 Jesus: A Story of Enlightenment ISBN 978-0-06-144873-7
• 2009 Reinventing The Body, Resurrecting The Soul
• 2009 The Ultimate Happiness Prescription: 7 Keys to Joy and Enlightenment
• 2009 Chopra Center Herbal Handbook ISBN 0-307-45233-6
• 2010 The Shadow Effect with Debbie Ford and Marianne Williamson ISBN 0-06-196265-1
• 2010 Muhammad: A Story of the Last Prophet ISBN 978-0-06-178242-8
• 2010 The Soul of Leadership: Unlocking Your Potential for Greatness ISBN 978-0-307-40806-8
• 2011 The Seven Spiritual Laws of Superheroes: Harnessing Our Power to Change the World with Gotham Chopra ISBN 978-0-06-205966-6
• 2011 The War of the Worldviews with Leonard Mlodinow ISBN 978-0-307-88688-0
• 2012 Spiritual Solutions: Answers to Life's Greatest Challenges ISBN 0-307-71917-0.

Music CDs/audio books[link]

• 1986 Total Health: The Rediscovery of Ayurveda ASIN B-000-K06QY-4
• 1994 Journey Into Healing ISBN 0-679-44089-5
• 1994 Power Talk!:The Power of the Human Paradox with Anthony Robbins ISBN 1-55927-267-8
• 1996 Crescent Moon: Prose Poems of Rabindranath Tagore ISBN 1-878424-20-3
• 1998 Synchrodestiny ISBN 1-905953-04-6
• 1997 Transformation of Mind: Deepak Chopra, Christopher Franke, ASIN: B000003KW4
• 1998 A Gift of Love: Love poems inspired by Rumi ASIN B-000-GRQX8-A
• 2000 All About God: A Dialogue Between Neale Donald Walsch and Deepak Chopra ISBN 1-56170-735-X
• 2000 Wisdom of the Sufi: A Dialogue Between Hidayat Inayat-Kahn and Deepak Chopra ISBN 1-56170-734-1
• 2000 The Spiritual Journey : A Dialogue Between Richard Moss, M.D., and Deepak Chopra ISBN 1-56170-739-2
• 2000 Spiritual Insights into the Genius of Leonardo da Vinci: A Dialogue Between Michael J. Gelb, M.D., and Deepak Chopra ISBN 1-56170-738-4
• 2000 The Art of Everyday Ecstasy: A Dialogue Between Margot Anand and Deepak Chopra ISBN 1-56170-737-6
• 2000 The Conscious Universe ISBN 1-56170-744-9
• 2000 Pathways to God: A Dialogue Between Joan Borysenko, Ph.D. and Deepak Chopra ISBN 1-56170-736-8
• 2000 Unleash Your Potential with Marianne Williamson and Sarah Ban Breathnach ISBN 0-671-77180-9
• 2000 The Path to Enlightenment: Insights into Buddhism / A Dialogue Between Robert Thurman, Ph.D., and Deepak Chopra ISBN 1-56170-732-5
• 2001 Healing the Planet: A Dialogue Between Marianne Williamson and Deepak Chopra ISBN 1-56170-743-0
• 2001 Self-Coaching Secrets for Success ISBN 1-56170-827-5
• 2001 Awakening the Goddesses Within: Deepak Chopra, M.D., Presents Agapi Stassinopoulos ISBN 1-56170-837-2
• 2001 Tell Me a Story: A Dialogue Between Lisa Suhay and Deepak Chopra ISBN 1-56170-874-7
• 2001 Sacred Sexuality: A Dialogue Between Felice Dunas and Deepak Chopra ISBN 1-56170-823-2
• 2001 Relationships As a Bridge to Divine Love : A Dialogue Between Barbara De Angelis, Ph.D., and Deepak Chopra ISBN 1-56170-742-2
• 2001 Training the Mind, Healing the Body ASIN B-000-BGT8K-6
• 2001 Soul of Healing Meditations – A Simple Approach to Growing Younger ASIN B-000-05TZS-K
• 2001 The Higher Self ISBN 0-7435-0921-8
• 2001 The New Physics of Healing ISBN 1-56455-919-X
• 2001 Science And Soul: The Survival of Consciousness After Death, A Dialogue Between Gary Schwartz and Deepak Chopra ISBN 1-56170-822-4
• 2002 The Yoga of Love and Devotion with Shree Ma ISBN 1-56170-838-0
• 2002 Integrating The Masculine And Feminine In The Spiritual Traditions Of Judaism and Vedanta: A Dialogue Between Rabbi Shmuley Boteach and Deepak Chopra ISBN 1-56170-824-0
• 2002 Quantum Physics of Quantum Healing: A Dialogue with Amit Goswami, Ph.D., and Deepak Chopra ISBN 1-56170-920-4
• 2002 The Evolving Human: A Dialogue Between Jean Houston, Ph.D., and Deepak Chopra ISBN 1-56170-916-6
• 2002 Rituals As a Path to the Divine: A Dialogue Between Stephen Huyler, Ph.D., and Deepak Chopra ISBN 1-56170-841-0
• 2002 Healing Your Relationships : A Dialogue Between Kenny and Julia Loggins and Deepak Chopra ISBN 1-56170-840-2
• 2002 The Soul and Relationship: A Dialogue Between Shakti Gawain and Deepak Chopra ISBN 1-56170-917-4
• 2002 Yoga as a Form of Meditation with Yogi Amrit Desai ISBN 1-56170-839-9
• 2002 A Gift of Love II: A Musical Valentine to Tagore ASIN B-000-06IZP-E
• 2003 Magical Mind, Magical Body ISBN 0-7435-3013-6
• 2003 Journey to the Boundless ISBN 0-7435-3016-0
• 2004 Chakra Balancing: Body, Mind, and Soul ASIN B-000-667GN-W
• 2004 Sacred Verses, Healing Sounds, Volumes I and II: The Bhagavad Gita, Hymns of the Rig Veda ISBN 1-878424-78-5
• 2004 The Ultimate Deepak Chopra Collection 20 CDs ASIN B-000-BGV45-I
• 2004 Whispers with Eckhart Tolle, Jack Canfield and Don Miguel Ruiz ISBN 1-55961-722-5
• 2005 The Power of Intuition ISBN 1-4019-0622-2
• 2005 Living Beyond Miracleswith Wayne Dyer ISBN 1-878424-79-3
• 2005 The Cosmic Mind and Submanifest Order of Being ISBN 1-4019-0450-5
• 2005 Living Without Limits ISBN 1-878424-96-3
• 2005 An Ancient Magical Prayer ISBN 1-4019-0447-5
• 2006 Escaping the Prison of the Intellect ISBN 1-878424-56-4
• 2007 Creating Your World the Way You Really Want It To Be with Wayne Dyer ISBN 1-60252-748-2
• 2007 Meditations for Healing: A Dialogue Between Dharma Singh Khalsa, M.D. and Deepak Chopra ISBN 1-56170-922-0
• 2008 Whispers of Spirit & Happiness with Don Miguel Ruiz ISBN 1-55961-945-7
• 2008 The Soul of Healing Affirmations A-Z Guide to Reprogramming the Software of the Soul ASIN B-001-2SAT7-S
• 2008 Grow Younger Live Longer Dave Stewart and Deepak Chopra ASIN: B0012GMXFQ
• 2009 The Soul Of Healing Meditations ASIN B-000-05TZS-K
• 2011 Stress Free with Deepak Chopra (Meditations) ASIN: B004JU157O
• 2011 The Secret of Healing: Meditations for Transformation and Higher Consciousness ASIN: B004K35UWG

Videos[link]

• 1995 Seven Spiritual Laws of Success
• 1995 The Way of the Wizard^[76]
• 2003 God and Buddha - a dialog
• 2004 Soul of Healing - Body, Mind, and Soul Vol. 1
• 2008 The Love Guru
• 2010 1 a Minute

Other published work[link]

• 2008 Introduction to Kim Feinberg's A Mother's Legacy^[77]
• Chopra co-authored Ask the Kabala with Mike 'Zappy' Zapolin and Alys Yablon, which is a set of 22 cards, each one representing a story or character from the Old Testament and a life lesson based on that story from a Kabalistic perspective.^[78]
• Chopra co-authored a blog in 2009 with Richard Barrett titled Can Values Save the Economy?^[79]
• Journal of Cosmology Vol. 14 April–May 2011, "How Consciousness Becomes the Physical Universe." with Menas Kafatos, Ph.D, Professor Chapman University and Rudolph E. Tanzi, Ph.D., Professor of Neurology Harvard University^[80]
• Chopra is a co-author of 2011 Consciousness and the Universe: Quantum Physics, Evolution, Brain & Mind along with Roger Penrose, Stuart Hameroff, Henry Stapp
• In 2011 Chopra co-authored a chapter of the book Exploring Frontiers of the Mind-Brain Relationship with Stuart Hameroff entitled The "Quantum Soul": A Scientific Hypothesis^[81]

Income[link]

Chopra's net income for 2008 was $22 million, according to a Forbes online article written by Melanie Lindner. It included $1.3 million for book sales and speaking arrangements. According to Lindner's 2009 article, Chopra's work time is now spent with non profit endeavours.^[75]

See also[link]

• Alternative medicine
• Quantum mysticism
• Monistic idealism
• Spiritual Naturalism

References[link]

Further reading[link]

• Nacson, Leon (1998). Deepak Chopra: World of Infinite Possibilities. Random House. ISBN 0-09-183673-5. 
• Butler-Bowdon, Tom (2003). 50 Self-Help Classics: 50 Inspirational Books to Transform Your Life [The Seven Spiritual Laws of Success]. London & Boston: Nicholas Brealey. ISBN 978-1-85788-323-7. http://butler-bowdon.com/sevenlaws.html. 

External links[link]

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Deepak Chopra

• Official website
• VYou
• The Chopra Center for Wellbeing
• Deepak Chopra collected news and commentary at The New York Times
• Works by or about Deepak Chopra in libraries (WorldCat catalog)
• Appearances on C-SPAN
• Deepak Chopra at the Notable Names Database

For the television executive, see John Hendricks

For the Australian swimmer, see Jon Henricks

This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (November 2011)

Jon Hendricks
Background information
Born	(1921-09-16) September 16, 1921 (age 90) Newark, Ohio, United States
Genres	Jazz
Occupations	Singer, lyricist
Years active	1957–present

Jon Hendricks (born September 16, 1921) is an American jazz lyricist and singer. He is considered one of the originators of vocalese, which adds lyrics to existing instrumental songs and replaces many instruments with vocalists (such as the big-band arrangements of Duke Ellington and Count Basie). Furthermore, he is considered one of the best practitioners of scat singing, which involves vocal jazz soloing. For his work as a lyricist, jazz critic and historian Leonard Feather called him the "Poet Laureate of Jazz" while Time dubbed him the "James Joyce of Jive." Al Jarreau has called him "pound-for-pound the best jazz singer on the planet—maybe that's ever been".^[1]

Born in 1921 in Newark, Ohio, young Jon and his 14 siblings were moved many times, following their father's assignments as an A.M.E. pastor, before settling permanently in Toledo. There, Jon began his singing career at the age of 7. He has said: “By the time I was 10, I was a local celebrity in Toledo. I had offers to go with Fats Waller when I was 12, and offers to go with Ted Lewis and be his shadow when I was 13. He had that song ‘Me and My Shadow’. And he had this little Negro boy who was his shadow, that did everything he did. That was his act.”^[2] As a teenager, Jon's first interest was in the drums, but before long he was singing on the radio regularly with another Toledo native, pianist Art Tatum.

WWII[link]

After serving in the Army during World War II, Hendricks went home to attend University of Toledo as a pre-law major, courtesy of the G.I. Bill. Just when he was about to enter the graduate law program, the G.I. benefits ran out, and he realized that he would have to chart a different course. Recalling that Charlie Parker had, at a stop in Toledo two years prior, encouraged him to come to New York and look him up, Hendricks moved there and began his singing career.

Lambert, Hendricks and Ross[link]

In 1957, he teamed with Dave Lambert and Annie Ross to form the legendary vocal trio Lambert, Hendricks & Ross (LH&R). With Jon as lyricist, the trio perfected the art of vocalese and took it around the world, earning them the designation of the "Number One Vocal Group in the World" for five years in a row from Melody Maker magazine. Their multi-tracked album Sing a Song of Basie was one of the earliest examples of overdubbing.^[3] Hendricks typically wrote lyrics not just to melodies but to entire instrumental solos, a notable example being his take on Ben Webster's tenor saxophone solo on Ellington's original recording of "Cotton Tail", as featured on the album Lambert, Hendricks and Ross! (1960). His lyrics to Benny Golson's "I Remember Clifford" have been recorded by several other vocalists, including Dinah Washington, Carmen McRae, Nancy Wilson, Ray Charles, The Manhattan Transfer and Helen Merrill. After six years the trio disbanded for solo careers but not before leaving behind a catalog of legendary recordings, most of which have never gone out of print. Countless singers cite the work of LH&R as an influence, including Van Morrison, Al Jarreau and Bobby McFerrin. The song "Yeh Yeh", for which Hendricks composed the lyrics, became a 1965 hit for British R&B-jazz singer Georgie Fame, who continues to record and perform Lambert, Hendricks & Ross compositions to this day. In 1966 Hendricks recorded "Fire in the City" with the Warlocks, who shortly after changed their name to the Grateful Dead.^[4] Hendricks wrote lyrics for several Thelonious Monk songs, including "In Walked Bud", which he performed on Monk's 1968 album Underground.

In 1978 he created and starred in a play at the Westwood Playhouse in Los Angeles entitled Evolution of the Blues, which was produced by attorneys Burton Marks and Mark Green.

Solo[link]

Jon Hendricks at Birdland

Pursuing a solo career, Hendricks moved his young family to London, England, in 1968, partly so that his five children could receive a better education. While based there he toured Europe and Africa, performed frequently on British television and appeared in the 1971 British film Jazz Is Our Religion (which focuses on the photographs of Val Wilmer) as well as the French film Hommage a Cole Porter. His sold-out club dates drew fans such as the Rolling Stones and the Beatles. Five years later the Hendricks family settled in Mill Valley, California, where Hendricks worked as the jazz critic for the San Francisco Chronicle and taught classes at California State University at Sonoma and the University of California at Berkeley. The piece he wrote for the stage about the history of jazz, Evolution of the Blues, ran for five years at the Off-Broadway Theatre in San Francisco and another year in Los Angeles. His television documentary, Somewhere to Lay My Weary Head, received Emmy, Iris and Peabody awards.

Hendricks recorded several critically acclaimed albums on his own, some with his wife Judith and daughters Michele and Aria contributing. He collaborated with old friends The Manhattan Transfer for their seminal 1985 album, Vocalese, which won seven Grammy Awards. He has served on the Kennedy Center Honors committee under Presidents Carter, Reagan, and Clinton.

In 2000 Hendricks returned to his home town to teach at the University of Toledo, where he was appointed Distinguished Professor of Jazz Studies and received an honorary Doctorate of the Performing Arts. He was recently selected to be the first American jazz artist to lecture at the Sorbonne in Paris. His 15-voice group, the Jon Hendricks Vocalstra at the University of Toledo, performed at the Sorbonne in 2002. Hendricks has also written lyrics to some classical pieces including "On the Trail" from Ferde Grofe's Grand Canyon Suite. The Vocalstra premiered a vocalese version of Rimsky-Korsakov's "Scheherazade" with the Toledo Symphony.

In the summer of 2003 Hendricks went on tour with the "Four Brothers", a quartet consisting of Hendricks, Kurt Elling, Mark Murphy and Kevin Mahogany. He has worked on setting words to and arranging Rachmaninoff's second piano concerto as well as on two books, teaching and touring with his Vocalstra. He has appeared in a film with Al Pacino, People I Know (2002) and also in White Men Can't Jump (1992).

In 2012, Hendricks appeared in the documentary film, No One But Me, discussing his former bandmate and friend, Annie Ross.^[5]

Discography[link]

• A Good Git-Together (1959, Pacific Jazz)
• Evolution of the Blues Song (1960, Columbia Records)
• Fast Livin' Blues (1961, Columbia)
• Jon Hendricks Recorded in Person at the Trident (1963, Smash Records)
• ¡Salud! João Gilberto, Originator of the Bossa Nova (1963, Reprise Records)
• Cloudburst (1972, live, Enja Records)
• Tell Me the Truth (1975, BMG Records)
• September Songs (1976, Stanyan Records)
• Love (1982, Muse Records)
• Freddie Freeloader (1990, Denon Records)
• Boppin' at the Blue Note (1994, live, Telarc Records)

Appears on

• George Russell - New York, N.Y. (1959, Decca)
• Thelonious Monk - Underground (1968, Columbia)
• The Legacy Lives On (2001, Mack Avenue Records)

with Lambert, Hendricks and Ross

• Sing a Song of Basie (1957)
• Sing Along with Basie (1958, Roulette)
• The Swingers! (1958)
• Lambert, Hendricks, & Ross! (aka "The Hottest New Group In Jazz") (1960)
• Lambert, Hendricks & Ross Sing Ellington (1960)
• The Real Ambassadors (1962)
• High Flying with Lambert, Hendricks & Ross (aka The Way-Out Voices of Lambert, Hendricks and Ross) (1962)

with Lambert, Hendricks and Bavan

• Live at Basin Street East (1963, live)
• At Newport '63 (1963, live)
• Havin' a Ball at the Village Gate (aka Lambert, Hendricks and Bavan at the Village Gate) (1964, live)

References[link]

External links[link]

• On Stage at the Kennedy Center: The Mark Twain Prize 2002 – Behind the Curtain – Jon Hendricks from PBS
• Prototype Online: Inventive Voices podcast featuring an interview with Jon Hendricks – From the Smithsonian's Lemelson Center for the Study of Invention and Innovation website.

Monty Alexander
Monty Alexander at Ronnie Scotts Jazz venue, London
Background information
Birth name	Montgomery Bernard Alexander
Born	(1944-06-06) June 6, 1944 (age 68) Kingston, Jamaica
Genres	Jazz, reggae
Occupations	Musician
Instruments	Piano, melodica
Years active	1958–present
Website	montyalexander.com

Monty Alexander (born Montgomery Bernard Alexander on June 6, 1944 in Kingston, Jamaica)^[1] is a jazz pianist, who also plays the melodica. His playing has a strong Caribbean influence and swinging feeling, but he has also been influenced by Art Tatum, Oscar Peterson, Wynton Kelly, and Ahmad Jamal.

Biography[link]

Alexander discovered the piano at the age of 4, taking classical music lessons at 6 and became interested in jazz piano at the age of 14, and began playing in clubs, and on recording sessions by Clue J & His Blues Blasters, deputising for Aubrey Adams, who he describes as his hero, when he was unable to play.^[2][3] Two years later, he directed a dance orchestra (Monty and the Cyclones) and played in the local clubs. Performances at the Carib Theater in Jamaica by Louis Armstrong and Nat King Cole left a strong impression on the young pianist.

Alexander and his family moved to Miami, Florida in 1961 and he went to New York in 1962 and started to play at Jilly Rizzo's jazz club Jilly's. In addition to performing with Frank Sinatra there,^[2] he also met and became friends with bassist Ray Brown and vibist Milt Jackson. In California, in 1964, he recorded his first album, Alexander the Great, for Pacific Jazz at the age of 20.^[3]

Alexander recorded with Milt Jackson in 1969, with Ernest Ranglin in 1974 and in Europe the same year with Ed Thigpen. He toured regularly in Europe and recorded there, mostly with his classic trio for MPS Records. He also toured around 1976 with the steelpan player Othello Molineaux. Alexander has also played with several singers such as Ernestine Anderson, Mary Stallings and other important leaders (Dizzy Gillespie, Benny Golson, Jimmy Griffin and Frank Morgan). In his successive trios, he has played frequently with musicians associated with Oscar Peterson: Herb Ellis, Ray Brown, Mads Vinding, Ed Thigpen and Niels-Henning Ørsted Pedersen.

In the mid-seventies he formed a group consisting of John Clayton on bass and Jeff Hamilton on drums, creating a stir on the jazz-scene in Europe. Their most famous collaboration (and arguably Alexander's finest album) is Montreux Alexander, recorded during the Montreux Jazz Festival in July 1976.

He formed a reggae band in the 1990s, featuring all Jamaican musicians, and he has released several reggae albums, including Yard Movement (1996), Stir It Up (1999, a collection of Bob Marley songs), Monty Meets Sly & Robbie (2000), and Goin' Yard (2001).^[2] He collaborated again with Ranglin in 2004 on the album Rocksteady.^[2]

Alexander married the American jazz guitarist Emily Remler in 1981, the marriage ending in divorce in 1984.

Discography[link]

As leader[link]

• Here Comes The Sun (1971; MPS)
• We've Only Just Begun (1973; MPS)
• Perception (1974; MPS)
• Rass! (with Ernest Ranglin) (1974; MPS)
• Love & Sunshine (1974; MPS)
• Unlimited Love (1975; MPS)
• Montreux Alexander (1976; MPS)
• Cobilimbo (with Ernest Ranglin) (1977; MPS)
• Estade (1978; MPS)
• Jamento (1978; Fantasy Records)
• So What? (1979; The Black & Blue Sessions)
• The Way It Is (1979 — recorded 1976; MPS)
• Monty Alexander — Ernest Ranglin (1981; MPS)
• Duke Ellington Songbook (1983; MPS)
• Reunion in Europe (1984; Concord Jazz)
• Full Steam Ahead (1985; Concord Jazz)
• Friday Night (1987), Limetree Records
• Triple Treat II (1987; Concord Jazz)
• Ivory & Steel (1988),
• Triple Treat III (1989; Concord Jazz)
• Saturday Night (1999), Timeless
• The River (1990; Concord Jazz)
• Live in Holland (1992), Emarcy
• Carbbean Circle (1993), Chesky
• Live At Maybeck (1994; Concord Jazz)
• Steamin' (1995; Concord Jazz)
• Yard Movement (1995; Island Records)
• Maybeck Recital Hall Series, Vol. 40 (1995), Concord
• To Nat With Love (1995), Mastermix
• Ivory and Steal (1996; Concord Picante)
• Facets (1996), Concord - with Ray Brown & Jeff Hamilton
• Overseas Special (1996), Concord - with Ray Brown and Herb Ellis
• Echoes of Jilly's (1997; Concord Records)
• Reunion in Europe (1997), Concord - with John Clayton & Jeff Hamilton
• The Concord Jazz Heritage Series (1998; Concord Jazz)
• Stir it up - The music of Bob Marley (1999; Telarc)
• Threesome (1999), Soul Note - with Grady Tate & Niels-Henning Orsted Pedersen
• Ballad Essentials (2000; Concord Jazz)
• Island Grooves (2000; Concord Jazz)
• Monty Meets Sly & Robbie (2000), Telarc
• Triple Treat (2001; Concord Jazz)
• Goin' Yard (2001), Telarc
• Many Rivers to Cross (2001), Meldac
• Caribbean Duet (2001), Sound Hills - with Michel Sardaby
• My America (2002; Telarc)
• Triple Scoop (2002), Concord Jazz - with Ray Brown and Herb Ellis
• Rhapsody In Blue (Telarc)
• Jamboree (2003), Concord
• Li'ldarlin (2003), Absord Japan
• Straight Ahead (2003), Concord - with Ray Brown and Herb Ellis
• Steaming Hot (2004; Concord Records)
• Zing (2004), BMG
• In Tokyo (2004; Fantasy Records)
• Rocksteady (2004), Telarc - with Ernest Ranglin
• Live at the Iridium (2005), Telarc
• Jazz Calypso (2005), JVC
• Concrete Jungle: The Songs of Bob Marley (2006), Telarc
• The Way It Is (2006)
• Impressions in Blue (2008), Telarc
• The Good Life: Monty Alexander Plays the Songs of Tony Bennett (2008), Chesky
• Solo (2008), Jeton
• Taste of Freedom (2008), Universal Japan
• Calypso Blues: The Songs of Nat King Cole (2009), Chesky
• Uplift (2011), Jazz Legacy Productions^[4]
• Harlem - Kingston Express Live! (2011) Motéma Music

As sideman[link]

This section requires expansion.

With Dizzy Gillespie

• Dizzy Gillespie Jam (Pablo, 1977)

With Milt Jackson

• That's the Way It Is (Impulse!, 1969)
• Just the Way It Had to Be (Impulse!, 1969)
• A London Bridge (Pablo, 1982)

With Ernest Ranglin

• Ranglypso (MPS, 1974)
• Rocksteady (2004)

Filmography[link]

• New Morning - The Paris Concert (2008) DVD

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Monty Alexander

• Jazz Great Marks Half-Century In Music
• Interview with Monty Alexander
• The Official Monty Alexander Website
• Jazz Police review of "Concrete Jungle" by Monty Alexander