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Spanish Civil War
The Spanish Civil War was a major conflict that devastated Spain from 17 July 1936 to 1 April 1939. It began after an attempted ''coup d'état by a group of Spanish Army generals against the government of the Second Spanish Republic, then under the leadership of president Manuel Azaña. The nationalist coup was supported by the conservative Spanish Confederation of the Autonomous Right (Confederación Española de Derechas Autónomas, or C.E.D.A), monarchists known as Carlist groups, and the Fascist Falange (Falange Española de las J.O.N.S.''). Following the partially successful coup, Spain was left divided as supporters of the existing Republican government fought the forces of the new Nationalist government for control of the country. The war ended with the victory of the Nationalists, the overthrow of the Republican government, and the founding of an authoritarian state led by General Francisco Franco. In the aftermath of the civil war, all right-wing parties were fused into the state party of the Franco regime.
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Finland
Finland (pronounced ), officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of Northern Europe. It is bordered by Sweden on the west, Norway on the north and Russia on the east, while Estonia lies to its south across the Gulf of Finland.
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Hungary
Hungary ( ), officially the Republic of Hungary (Magyar Köztársaság ), is a landlocked country in the Carpathian Basin in Central Europe, bordered by Austria, Slovakia, Ukraine, Romania, Serbia, Croatia, and Slovenia. Its capital is Budapest. Hungary is a member of the European Union, NATO, the OECD, the Visegrád Group, and is a Schengen state. The official language is Hungarian, the most widely spoken non-Indo-European language in Europe, being part of the Finno-Ugric family.
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Kirov Plant
The Kirov Plant Kirov Factory or Leningrad Kirov Plant (LKZ) () is a major Russian machine-building plant in St. Petersburg, Russia.
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Leningrad
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Luleburgaz
http://wn.com/Luleburgaz -
Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany, or the Third Reich, is the common name for the country of Germany while governed by Adolf Hitler and his National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP) from 1933 to 1945. Third Reich () denotes the Nazi state as a historical successor to the medieval Holy Roman Empire (962–1806) and to the modern German Empire (1871–1918). Nazi Germany had two official names, the Deutsches Reich (German Reich), from 1933 to 1943, when it became Großdeutsches Reich (Greater German Reich).
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Soviet Union
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR, , abbreviated СССР, SSSR), informally known as the Soviet Union () or Soviet Russia, was a constitutionally socialist state that existed on the territory of most of the former Russian Empire in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991.
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Spain
Spain ( ; , ), officially the Kingdom of Spain (), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Its mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar; to the north by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay; and to the northwest and west by the Atlantic Ocean and Portugal.
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Turkey
Turkey (), known officially as the Republic of Turkey (), is a Eurasian country that stretches across the Anatolian peninsula in western Asia and Thrace in the Balkan region of southeastern Europe. Turkey is one of the six independent Turkic states. Turkey is bordered by eight countries: Bulgaria to the northwest; Greece to the west; Georgia to the northeast; Armenia, Azerbaijan (the exclave of Nakhchivan) and Iran to the east; and Iraq and Syria to the southeast. The Mediterranean Sea and Cyprus are to the south; the Aegean Sea to the west; and the Black Sea is to the north. The Sea of Marmara, the Bosphorus and the Dardanelles (which together form the Turkish Straits) demarcate the boundary between Eastern Thrace and Anatolia; they also separate Europe and Asia.
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WARBIRD TRAINING MISSION: P-51 T-28 & AD-4
P-51 Mustang, T-28 Trojan & AD-4 Skyraider training flight at Castle AFB. This video was recorded at the West Coast Formation Clinic. "Traron" is sponsored by the Golden Gate Wing of the Commemorative Air Force and is designed to qualify Pilots to safely fly in formation for Events and Air Shows. www.Kauzmic.com www.goldengatewing.com www.commemorativeairforce.org/
http://wn.com/WARBIRD_TRAINING_MISSION_P-51_T-28_AD-4
Trojan T-28
Short vid of the Trojan T-28 at Jamestown Airshow. South Aust, October 2006. davosflix.blogspot.com
http://wn.com/Trojan_T-28
1941 Soviet T-28 Medium Tank
July 1941. The Soviet T-28 was among the world's first medium tanks. The prototype was completed in 1931 and production began in late 1932. It was an infantry-support tank intended to break through fortified defences. The T-28 was designed to complement the heavier T-35, with which it shared many components. The T-28 was in many ways similar to the British Vickers A1E1 Independent tank. This tank greatly influenced tank design in the period between the wars, although only one prototype was manufactured in 1926. The Kirov Factory in Leningrad began manufacturing a tank, which was based on the British Independent in 1932. The T-28 tank was officially approved on August 11, 1933. The T-28 had one large turret with a 76.2mm gun and two smaller turrets with 7.62mm machine guns. A total of 503 T-28 tanks were manufactured over a period of 8 years from 1933 to 1941. The T-28 was deployed during the Invasion of Poland and the Winter War against Finland. During the initial stages of the Winter War, the tank was used in direct fire missions against Finnish pillboxes. In the course of these operations it was found that the armour was inadequate and programs were initiated to upgrade it. Frontal plates were upgraded from 50 mm to 80 mm and side and rear plates to 40 mm thickness. With this up-armoured version the Red Army broke through the main Finnish defensive fortification, the vaunted Mannerheim Line. The Finns knew the T-28 as the Postivaunu ("mail wagon" or stagecoach), a name <b>...</b>
http://wn.com/1941_Soviet_T-28_Medium_Tank
New Airfiled 1400mm T-28 Trojan Warbird w/ Retracts Review
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:42
- Published: 08 Jun 2011
- Uploaded: 08 Jan 2012
- Author: nitroplanes
Airfield's latest warbird the 6 Channel T-28 Trojan comes powered with a potent 4250 500KV brushless outrunner motor that provides sport aerobatic performance and powered climb with ease. Its tough EPO (Expanded PolyOlefin) construction is exceptionally resistant to damage but can be easily repaired with any medium-viscosity CA or epoxy. Modeled after one of the Cold War's premier military trainer aircraft, the brushless-powered Airfield's T-28 Trojan park flyer is a thrilling sport-scale experience that everyone from intermediate to expert pilots will enjoy. To get it flying, just attach the wing and tail while the battery is charging and Ready to Fly. With this model you get the looks and power of an outstanding flight performance from this beautiful scale detail T-28 Trojan. Not to mention comes with electrical retracts, LED guiding lights, a sporty 3 bladed propeller, flaps, pilot, cowl flaps and lots of goodies. RTF Package: Grey - www.nitroplanes.com Silver - www.nitroplanes.com Red- www.nitroplanes.com KIT Package Grey - www.nitroplanes.com Silver - www.nitroplanes.com Red - www.nitroplanes.com ARF Package Silver - www.nitroplanes.com Grey - www.nitroplanes.com Red - www.nitroplanes.com Get all your batteries and rc needs at hobbypartz.com
http://wn.com/New_Airfiled_1400mm_T-28_Trojan_Warbird_w/_Retracts_Review
North American T-28 Trojan Rhoades Aviation
North American T-28 Trojan at Columbus,In. Nice collection of videos from the 1st engine start through some great flybys. Great cockpit views.
http://wn.com/North_American_T-28_Trojan_Rhoades_Aviation
2009 3 30 T28 065
T-28 Take-Off Engine: One1,425-hp Wright Cyclone R-1820-86 radial piston engine Weight: Empty 6424 lbs., Max Takeoff 8500 lbs. Wing Span: 40ft. 1in. Length: 33ft. 0in. Height: 12ft. 8in. Performance: Maximum Speed: 343 mph Ceiling: 35500 ft. Range: 1060 miles History: When the United States Air Force set out to replace its aging T-6 Texan trainers, North American was hired to complete the task. What they presented was the Model NA-159 piston-engine trainer; a design that was so successful that it was responsible for gaining a contract for two XT-28 prototypes. After an evaluation of these prototypes and an initial flight on September 26, 1949, the Air Force was so impressed that it ordered production to begin on the newly designated T-28A. The Trojan, as it became known, had a frameless canopy and a Wright R-1300 engine that, when combined, gave it a top speed that often exceeded 280 mph. First orders of 266 planes in 1950 eventually grew to 1194. After it became evident that the Air Force had found a very successful design, the United Sates Navy and Marine Corps adopted it as well. Two years later, 489 standardized versions (T-28Bs) were ordered by the Navy, mainly differing from the T-28A in its use of the more-powerful Wright R-1820-86 engine. Following this, 299 T-28Cs were produced, which were fitted with an arrester gear for carrier-deck landing training. In 1962, North American began supplying T-28Ds for the counter-insurgency role. Six underwing hard-points were <b>...</b>
http://wn.com/2009_3_30_T28_065
T-28 Superheavy Tank
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:36
- Published: 27 Aug 2008
- Uploaded: 05 Jan 2012
- Author: jaglavaksoldier
The T28 (later called 105 mm Gun Motor Carriage T95) was a prototype heavily armoured tank destroyer, designed for the US Military during World War II. It was originally designed to be used to break through German defenses at the Siegfried Line, and was later considered as a possible participant in an invasion of the Japanese mainland. It had no conventional turret, giving it a comparatively low profile. Its total weight when fully equipped would have reached 95 short tons. The armor was very thick compared to tanks of the time, in some places up to 12 inches thick (305 millimeters). This was considered heavy enough to provide protection from the 8.8cm/L71 cannon used by German heavy tanks. The engine was an underpowered gasoline Ford GAF V-8, delivering 410 hp, which gave it a top speed of about 8 mph (13 km/h). This also meant that the tank had only limited obstacle climbing capabilities and this, in addition to the fact that no suitable portable bridges capable of carrying its weight were available mitigated against production for combat deployment. Because of the tank destroyer's great weight, it used four tracks instead of two. The outer tracks could be detached for easier transport. After removal they could be fixed together to make a unit that could be towed behind the tank. Its main armament was a 105 mm T5E1 gun in a ball-shaped mantlet, set into the front of the hull. It also had a fifty-caliber machine gun above the commander's hatch. Although sometimes <b>...</b>
http://wn.com/T-28_Superheavy_Tank
T28 Trojan
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:34
- Published: 15 Jul 2006
- Uploaded: 09 Nov 2011
- Author: vidassassin
A T28 Trojan doing a flyby at parafield airport
http://wn.com/T28_Trojan
World of Tanks T-28 rush & pwn! Excellent flanking example
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:34
- Published: 27 Jan 2011
- Uploaded: 01 Jan 2012
- Author: Barsaman75
Music copyright Rammstein - Benzin T-28 at its best! Fast flanking rush while one of the lowest tier present. Getting some decent kills and my comrades follow my push so the enemy is steamrolled in 3 minutes! Elite crew with 85mm gun, using HE shells for arty gibbing :)
http://wn.com/World_of_Tanks_T-28_rush_pwn!_Excellent_flanking_example
US T-28/T-95 super heavy Tank WW2
The T28 super heavy tank (also called 105 mm Gun Motor Carriage T95) was a prototype heavily armored self-propelled gun designed for the US Army during World War II. It was originally designed to be used to break through German defenses at the Siegfried Line, and was later considered as a possible participant in an invasion of the Japanese mainland. Although sometimes referred to as a super-heavy tank the T28 was re-designated as the 105 mm Gun Motor Carriage T95 in 1945 and then renamed a super heavy tank in 1946. Its main armament was a 105 mm T5E1 gun in a ball-shaped mantlet, set into the front of the hull. It also had a fifty-caliber machine gun above the commander's hatch. Although sometimes referred to as a Super-heavy tank the T28 was really a very heavy tank destroyer, and was re-designated as the 105 mm Gun Motor Carriage T95 in 1945. In 1946 it was renamed again, to T28. The original plan was for five prototype vehicles with a production total of 25. However only two were ordered and none saw combat. This is the sole survivor of a two vehicle super heavy tank program designed to deal with the Siegfried Line. Completed in December 1945, too late to see combat, it was not surprisingly impractical for battlefield use. With frontal armor of 12 inches, the vehicle weighed 95 tons and required four tracks. The tank featured a horizontal volute suspension and a 105 mm gun. Powered by the same V-8 used in the Pershing, the vehicle could only manage 8 mph. T28/T95 GMC <b>...</b>
http://wn.com/US_T-28/T-95_super_heavy_Tank_WW2
Video of T-28 plane crash at Martinsburg, West Virginia air show
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:57
- Published: 18 Sep 2011
- Uploaded: 22 Dec 2011
- Author: RussiaToday
For latest updates, follow RT on twitter.com and www.facebook.com The pilot of a post-World War II plane died on Saturday after crashing into a runway and bursting into flames in Martinsburg, West Virginia, the second deadly air show crash in 24 hours. The West Virginia Air National Guard said that no spectators were injured and that the crash site was far away from anyone at the show. The fixed-wing, single-engine T-28 plane is registered to John Mangan of Concord, North Carolina, and was built in 1958, according to a Federal Aviation Administration registry. The crash occurred a day after a stunt pilot crashed at a Nevada air show on Friday, killing himself and eight others. RT on Twitter: twitter.com RT on Facebook: www.facebook.com
http://wn.com/Video_of_T-28_plane_crash_at_Martinsburg,_West_Virginia_air_show
Parkzone Micro T-28 Trojan test with 500 mAh Lipo & Night Flying.
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 12:47
- Published: 18 Sep 2010
- Uploaded: 07 Jan 2012
- Author: NightFlyyer
See "Under the Hood" and hear everything you wanted to know about the Parkzone T-28 Micro Trojan, including Tiny Brite Lights installed, the 500 mAh Battery Test, Maiden flight, and Night Flying all in 1 action packed video! The T-28, like it's big brother that Jeff has flown for years, Looks identical. They fly the same too. We both got them from Brad Hoff at Hobbytown USA, in Sioux Falls South Dakota, but years apart. Brad has an open order from me for anything new to come in, so, Voila. Since having tried the E-Flite 500 mAh battery in my P-51 and Mustang so successfully, I had to try it on the Trojan too as Jeff and I fly the Trojans together for an exhilarating flight, then he flies my Micro. Well the Trojan is not as fast as the Mustang, but that is so in real life too. None the less, it will do every stunt the book the real one can. I would suggest for experienced pilots to move the control rods in one hole for a snappier controls. I also show how to install the "Tiny Brite Lights" flightlights.net as seen in Model Aviation Magazine www.modelaircraft.org I would prefer a red blinking tail light, versus the white strobe, for pitch dark flying and staying oriented, but the lights are so bright, it was easy to fly. They weigh only 1.1 grams. There are 2 groups of 3 white "Machine Gun" lights, a blinking white tail light, and red and green wing tip lights. They are pre-wired and easily plug in to the DSM2 Receiver. Taped onto the wings of the plane, installation was a <b>...</b>
http://wn.com/Parkzone_Micro_T-28_Trojan_test_with_500_mAh_Lipo_Night_Flying
Trying to break the Parkzone T-28..
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 6:16
- Published: 05 Aug 2008
- Uploaded: 03 Dec 2011
- Author: Tramsootru
Just what the title says..
http://wn.com/Trying_to_break_the_Parkzone_T-28
Micro T-28 Trojan mods with Tiny Brite Lights +Modifications.
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:49
- Published: 23 Sep 2010
- Uploaded: 20 Dec 2011
- Author: NightFlyyer
Since I am flying my Micro T-28 Trojan more and more in the dark I decided to make these changes to my Tiny Brite Lights installation. It makes it more realistic.. Due to the TBL design, the only thing you can switch on or off with the transmitter is the entire light set, wing lights and guns. You cannot switch just the machine gun lights off, cause all lights all go off. Switching the lights off, even by accident, is something you just would not want to do in the dark. So I figured out a way to make the machine guns come on randomly as in a real battle, making the entire night flight way more realistic. If I had to design my own lights, as I have long ago, I would have put in digital servo pulse switch to control the lights. Be that as it may, here is what I did with what I got. Also, does anybody have an e-mail address for Tiny Brite Lights that they respond too? Thanks for watching and subscribing. Here are the links. Dave Herbert AMA #8221 Contest Director Leader Member Scientific division www.horizonhobby.com http www.RC-Television.org
http://wn.com/Micro_T-28_Trojan_mods_with_Tiny_Brite_Lights_+Modifications
T-28 landing
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:16
- Published: 25 Aug 2008
- Uploaded: 17 Jan 2011
- Author: candieluvs2fly
the trojan landing at RNAC after the nelsons bay air spectacular. i also sorta caught the end of the mustang doing a barrel roll over the feild, but it took me a while to find it with the camera hahaha.
http://wn.com/T-28_landing
T-28 Airplane - Fly/In Cruise/In
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:28
- Published: 08 Apr 2008
- Uploaded: 11 Oct 2011
- Author: FlyInCruiseIn
Series #12 Part #2 Fly/In Cruise/In Video Magazine Rod Benson shows us his restored T-28 Airplane at the Huntington, Indiana Municipal Airport. www.FlyInCruiseIn.com Produced by: Inge Harte - Ray Johnson
http://wn.com/T-28_Airplane__Fly/In_Cruise/In
Horizonhobby.com Preview - ParkZone Ultra Micro T-28 BNF
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:38
- Published: 17 Aug 2010
- Uploaded: 07 Jan 2012
- Author: HorizonRCdotCom
You will be able to learn more about the T-28 or even purchase one at this link: www.horizonhobby.com ParkZone Ultra Micro airplanes have created an all-new aspect of our RC hobby. Now they have announced a new one that many people have been hoping for—the Ultra Micro T-28 Trojan. Like the original, it has plenty of performance for sport aerobatics but remains easy to fly at slower speeds. It looks like the first ParkZone T-28 until you place them side-by-side and see the difference in size! When you fly the Ultra Micro T-28 you get a feeling that you have seen this one before! It's small enough to fl¬y in your backyard and it has the typical features of the other ParkZone ultra micros, but watch our video interview with Matt Andren, product developer, to get some info on the background of this new plane. This smaller T-28 is one more innovative idea coming from ParkZone that will make your hobby more fun than ever. Questions? Comments? Feel free to e-mail us at Editors@HorizonRC.com If you like our videos check out our podcast, the R/Cast, every Thursday at www.horizonhobby.com Horizon Hobby is now on Facebook! Visit us at www.facebook.com
http://wn.com/Horizonhobbycom_Preview__ParkZone_Ultra_Micro_T-28_BNF
North American T-28 Trojan from Jet Alpine Fighters at by Andre Bernet
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:57
- Published: 03 Apr 2008
- Uploaded: 13 Nov 2011
- Author: flightlevel350
Air display at Yv\'Air 05 airshow.
http://wn.com/North_American_T-28_Trojan_from_Jet_Alpine_Fighters_at_by_Andre_Bernet
ParkZone T-28 Ultra Micro Maiden Flight
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:29
- Published: 18 Sep 2010
- Uploaded: 05 Jan 2012
- Author: TinkerManRC
The Maiden Flight of the Micro T-28, as you can see from the video she flys alot like the larger ParkZone T-28 and the nice thing about it you can take it with you when you travel and just about fly it anywhere. Thanks everyone for all your cool comments and support. Tim AKA TinkerManRC.
http://wn.com/ParkZone_T-28_Ultra_Micro_Maiden_Flight
HMM RC - My New T-28
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:57
- Published: 12 Jun 2011
- Uploaded: 12 Jun 2011
- Author: almostapilot123
Spec's of My new Airfield T-28. Complete with Lighting, flaps, Cowl flaps, Retracts with doors! Maybe a maiden tomorrow? Wing Span: 1400mm/55.1in Length: 1185/46.7in Weight: 2450/86.4oz CG Position: 80-85mm ESC: 50A with 4A SBEC Motor: 4250-kv500 Outrunner Brushless Motor Servo: 1*17g, 7*9g, 4 Digital Servo Propeller: 13*9
http://wn.com/HMM_RC__My_New_T-28
Parkzone T-28 Crash 11-1-09
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:21
- Published: 01 Nov 2009
- Uploaded: 02 Dec 2011
- Author: Budkeywest
This is a Parkzone T-28 in the Air Force colors. A nice plane! I think he just stalled it at the end. Gotta have some going over those wings!
http://wn.com/Parkzone_T-28_Crash_11-1-09
T-28 Takeoff at Airpower of Hampton Roads 2007
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 0:36
- Published: 30 Apr 2007
- Uploaded: 27 Aug 2010
- Author: piratepike
T-28 Trojan takesoff
http://wn.com/T-28_Takeoff_at_Airpower_of_Hampton_Roads_2007
Hill AFB Air Show 2009 - CJ-6 & T-28 Flyby's
A Nanchang CJ-6 and a T-28 Trojan make a few flyby's at the 2009 Hill AFB Air Show.Saturday. June 6, 2009. If you would like to see more videos like this, please subscribe to the channel. Also, dont forget to check out the channel for videos of Military exercises, Fly Bys, Air Shows, Spotting videos, and regular flying ops at Nellis AFB. All of the new videos will be in full HD! Some or all of my videos may have pictures to go with them, to see them visit my website at www.nellisspotters.com
http://wn.com/Hill_AFB_Air_Show_2009__CJ-6_T-28_Flyby's
![Overlooking the area ESE of the Zaachila archeological site. As municipal seat, the town of Villa de Zaachila is the local governing authority for 25 other named communities,[23] covering an area of 54.86km2.](http://web.archive.org./web/20120108212158/http://cdn2.wn.com/pd/31/a0/b5e035c76d50560a769e3e1b735c_medium.jpg "Overlooking the area ESE of the Zaachila archeological site. As municipal seat, the town of Villa de Zaachila is the local governing authority for 25 other named communities,[23] covering an area of 54.86km2.")
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- 1931
- 1932
- 1933
- 1941
- BA-3/6
- bogie
- Christie suspension
- Continuation War
- Finland
- FT-17
- Hungarian Army
- Hungary
- Kirov Plant
- KV tank
- Leningrad
- List of Soviet tanks
- List of tanks
- Luleburgaz
- Mannerheim Line
- Medium tank
- Mikulin M-17
- mine roller
- Nazi Germany
- Operation Barbarossa
- Panzer IV
- Parola Tank Museum
- pillbox
- radio
- Red Army
- Reichswehr
- Second World War
- Soviet Union
- Spain
- Spanish Civil War
- stagecoach
- T-34
- T-35
- Turkey
- vehicle suspension
- Winter War
- World War II
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ATLANTA (AP)— led another balanced attack with 18 points and the beat the 101-83 on Wednesday night. The Hawks have had six players score in double figures in each of their first two wins to open the season. had 11 points off the bench to join Atlanta’s five starters in double figures....
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WASHINGTON (AP)— scored twice, tallied the tiebreaking goal midway through the second period, and the halted the ’ five-game winning streak with a 4-1 victory on Wednesday night. New York Rangers ' Ryan Ca… AP - Dec 28, 10:55 pm EST Washington Capitals ' Tro…...
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CHICAGO (AP)— made 38 saves to earn his NHL-leading fifth shutout, and and scored to lead the past the 2-0 on Wednesday night. Quick was solid in earning his 19th NHL shutout, but he wasn’t heavily tested until the third period. The Blackhawks managed few prime scoring chances in the...
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Michael Clay attends 2011 NCAA Football Rose Bowl Press Conference. Photo copyright PRK / PR Photos. Michael Clay attends 2011 NCAA Football Rose Bowl Press Conference. Photo copyright PRK / PR Photos. Russell Wilson attends 2011 NCAA Football Rose Bowl Press Conference. Photo copyright PRK / PR...
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Zach Maynard (15) and Jackson Jeffcoat (44) 2011 NCAA Football Holiday Bowl Texas Longhorns vs California Golden Bears (21-10). Photo copyright Paul Gallegos / PR Photos. Marvin Jones (1) 2011 NCAA Football Holiday Bowl Texas Longhorns vs California Golden Bears (21-10). Photo copyright Paul...
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| Name | T-28 |
|---|---|
| Origin | |
| Type | Medium tank |
| Is vehicle | yes |
| Is uk | |
| Service | 1933–44 |
| Used by | Soviet Union, Finland, Hungary, Turkey (2), Nazi Germany |
| Wars | World War II |
| Design date | 1931 |
| Production date | 1932–41 |
| Number | 503 |
| Variants | T-28E, T-28 Model 1940, OT-28 |
| Weight | 28 tonnes |
| Length | |
| Width | |
| Height | |
| Crew | 6 |
| Armour | 30 mm |
| Primary armament | 76.2mm kt28 gun (70 rounds) |
| Secondary armament | 3,4 or 5×7.62mm DT machine guns (8,000 rounds) |
| Engine | Mikulin M-17 12-cylinder |
| Engine power | 500 hp (373 kW) |
| Pw ratio | 18 hp/tonne |
| Suspension | twin bogies with plunger springs |
| Vehicle range | |
| Speed | }} |
The Soviet T-28 was among the world's first medium tanks. The prototype was completed in 1931 and production began in late 1932. It was an infantry-support tank intended to break through fortified defences. The T-28 was designed to complement the heavier T-35, with which it shared many components. The type would not have that much success in combat, but it played an important role as a development project for the Soviet designers. A series of new ideas and solutions were tried out on the T-28 and were later incorporated in future models.
Design history
The T-28 was in many ways similar to the British Vickers A1E1 Independent tank. This tank greatly influenced tank design in the period between the wars, although only one prototype was manufactured in 1926. The Kirov Factory in Leningrad began manufacturing a tank, which was based on the British Independent in 1932. The T-28 tank was officially approved on August 11, 1933. The T-28 had one large turret with a 76.2mm gun and two smaller turrets with 7.62mm machine guns. A total of 503 T-28 tanks were manufactured over a period of 8 years from 1933 to 1941.
Combat history
The T-28 was deployed during the Invasion of Poland and the Winter War against Finland. During the initial stages of the Winter War, the tank was used in direct fire missions against Finnish pillboxes. In the course of these operations it was found that the armour was inadequate and programs were initiated to upgrade it. Frontal plates were upgraded from 50 mm to 80 mm and side and rear plates to 40 mm thickness. With this up-armoured version the Red Army broke through the main Finnish defensive fortification, the Mannerheim Line.
According to Russian historian M. Kolomietz's book T-28. Three-headed Stalin's Monster, over 200 T-28s were knocked out during the Winter War, but only 20 of them were in irrecoverable losses (including 2 captured by the Finnish Army). Due to proximity of the Kirov Plant, all other knocked-out tanks were repaired, some of them over five times.
The Finns knew the T-28 as the Postivaunu ("mail wagon" or stagecoach), a name which alluded to Finnish troops' discovery of Red Army field mail sacks inside the first destroyed T-28. Another explanation is that the high profile of the tank resembled the old west stagecoaches of the United States. Finns captured two T-28s during the Winter War and five in Continuation War, for a total of 7 vehicles.
The Soviets had 411 T-28 tanks when the Germans invaded the Soviet Union in June 1941. Most T-28s were lost during the first two months of the invasion, many of them abandoned after mechanical breakdown. Some T-28s took part in the 1941 winter defence of Leningrad and Moscow, but after late 1941, they were rare in Red Army service; a few were operated by enemy forces.
Today three T-28s remain, two in Finland and one in Moscow. One restored T-28 is on display in Finnish field camouflage in the Parola Tank Museum, Finland.
Assessment
Although the T-28 was rightly considered ineffective by 1941, it is worth remembering that when the Red Army was fielding the first T-28s in 1933, the French Army was still largely equipped with the FT-17, and the Reichswehr had no tanks at all. No army had a series-production medium tank comparable to the T-28 for several years.The T-28 had a number of advanced features for the time, including radio (in all tanks) and anti-aircraft machine-gun mounts. Just before the Second World War, many received armor upgrades, bringing its protection on par with the early PzKpfw IV, although its suspension and layout were outdated.
The T-28 had significant flaws. The plunger-spring type suspension was poor, but many of the better suspension designs used in World War II tanks had not yet been developed. The engine and transmission were troublesome. Worst of all, the design was not flexible. Although the T-28 and early PzKpfw IV were comparable in armour and firepower, the sound basic design of the PzKpfw IV allowed it to be significantly upgraded, while the T-28 was a poor basis for improvement.
Unfortunately for the Red Army, by the time the T-28 saw combat in 1939, events had overtaken it. The 1930s saw the development of the first reliable high-speed suspensions, the first purpose-designed antitank guns, and a gradual increase in the firepower of tanks. The Spanish Civil War showed that infantry units with small, towed anti-tank guns could defeat most contemporary tanks, and made the under-armoured tanks from the early 1930s particularly vulnerable.
Despite heavy losses, in the Winter War the Red Army's 20th Tank Brigade, equipped with T-28s, fulfilled its mission to break the defensive Mannerheim Line. As an infantry-support tank, designed to support infantry in breakthrough operations, the T-28 in general was successful for an early 1930s design.
Variants
Experimental models
Several self-propelled guns, the IT-28 bridging tank, and an engineering vehicle with mine rollers were tested on the T-28 tank chassis, but none was accepted for production. The T-29 was a prototype medium tank, a modernized T-28 with Christie suspension — a later version of this vehicle was considered for the competition of prototypes which led to the T-34, but by then it was outdated (not to be confused with a Grotte tank project also called T-29). The T-28 also served as a testbed for the KV tank suspension.
Operators
See also
Notes
References
External links
Category:Medium tanks Category:Multi-turreted tanks Category:Inter-war Soviet tanks Category:World War II Soviet tanks Category:Soviet Union – United Kingdom relations Category:Tanks of Finland
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