birth date	April 22, 1937
birth place	New York City, New York, U.S.
alma mater	Actors Studio
home town	Neptune City, New Jersey
residence	Hollywood Hills, California
known for	The Joker, Jack Torrance
birthname	John Joseph Nicholson
occupation	Actor, director, producer, screenwriter
yearsactive	1958–present
spouse	Sandra Knight (1962–68)
children	4 (including Lorraine Nicholson)
awards	Academy Awards, Golden Globe Award, Kennedy Center Honor, Life Achievement Award }}

John Joseph "Jack" Nicholson (born April 22, 1937) is an American actor, film director, producer and writer. He is renowned for his often dark portrayals of neurotic characters. Nicholson has been nominated for an Academy Award twelve times, and has won the Academy Award for Best Actor twice: for ''One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest'' and for ''As Good as It Gets''. He also won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for the 1983 film ''Terms of Endearment''. He is tied with Walter Brennan for most acting wins by a male actor (three). Nicholson is well known for playing Jack Torrance in ''The Shining'' and the Joker in 1989's ''Batman'', among many other roles.

Nicholson is one of only two actors who has been nominated for an Academy Award for acting in every decade from the 1960s to 2000s (the other being Michael Caine). He has won seven Golden Globe Awards, and received a Kennedy Center Honor in 2001. In 1994, he became one of the youngest actors to be awarded the American Film Institute's Life Achievement Award. Notable films in which he has starred include, in chronological order, ''Easy Rider'', ''Five Easy Pieces'', ''Chinatown'', ''One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest'', ''The Passenger'', ''The Shining'', ''Reds'', ''Terms of Endearment'', ''Batman'', ''A Few Good Men'', ''As Good as It Gets'', ''About Schmidt'' and ''The Departed''.

Early life

Nicholson was born in St. Vincent's Hospital in New York City, the son of a showgirl, June Frances Nicholson (stage name June Nilson). June had married Italian American showman Donald Furcillo (stage name Donald Rose) six months earlier in Elkton, Maryland, on October 16, 1936. Furcillo was already married. Although he reportedly offered to take care of the child, June's mother Ethel insisted that she bring up the baby, partly so that June could pursue her dancing career. Although Furcillo claimed to be Nicholson's father and to have committed bigamy by marrying June, biographer Patrick McGilligan asserted in ''Jack's Life'' that Latvian-born Eddie King (originally Edgar A. Kirschfeld), June's manager, may have been Nicholson's biological father. Other sources suggest June Nicholson was unsure of who the father was. Nicholson's mother was of Irish, English, and Dutch descent, though he and his family reportedly self-identified as Irish.

Nicholson was brought up believing that his grandparents, John Joseph Nicholson (a department store window dresser in Manasquan, New Jersey) and Ethel May (née Rhoads, a hairdresser, beautician and amateur artist in Manasquan), were his parents. Nicholson only discovered that his "parents" were actually his grandparents and his sister was in fact his mother in 1974, after a journalist for ''TIME'' magazine who was doing a feature on Nicholson informed him of the fact. By this time, both his mother and grandmother had died (in 1963 and 1970, respectively). Nicholson has stated he does not know who his biological father is, saying "Only Ethel and June knew and they never told anybody", and has chosen not to have a DNA test or to pursue the matter.

Nicholson grew up in Neptune City, New Jersey. He was raised in his mother's Roman Catholic religion. Before starting high school, his family moved to an apartment in Spring Lake, New Jersey. "Nick", as he was known to his high school friends, attended nearby Manasquan High School, where he was voted "class clown" by the Class of 1954. He was in detention every day for a whole school year. A theatre and a drama award at the school are named in his honor. In 2004, Nicholson attended his 50-year high school reunion accompanied by his aunt Lorraine.

Career

Early work

When Nicholson first came to Hollywood, he worked as a gofer for animation legends William Hanna and Joseph Barbera at the MGM cartoon studio. Seeing his talent as an artist, they offered Nicholson a starting level position as an animation artist. However, citing his desire to become an actor, he declined.

He made his film debut in a low-budget teen drama ''The Cry Baby Killer'', in 1958, playing the title role. For the following decade, Nicholson was a frequent collaborator with the film's producer, Roger Corman. Corman directed Nicholson on several occasions, most notably in ''The Little Shop of Horrors'', as masochistic dental patient Wilbur Force, and also in ''The Raven'', ''The Terror'', and ''The St. Valentine's Day Massacre''. He worked frequently with director Monte Hellman as well on low-budget westerns, though two in particular, ''Ride in the Whirlwind'' and ''The Shooting'', initially failed to find interest from any US film distributors but gained cult success on the art house circuit in France and were later sold to television.

Rise to fame

With his acting career heading nowhere, Nicholson seemed resigned to a career behind the camera as a writer/director. His first real taste of writing success was the LSD-fueled screenplay for the 1967 film, ''The Trip'' (directed by Corman), which starred Peter Fonda and Dennis Hopper. Nicholson also co-wrote, with Bob Rafelson, the movie ''Head'', which starred The Monkees. In addition, he also arranged the movie's soundtrack. However, after a spot opened up in Fonda and Hopper's ''Easy Rider'', it led to his first big acting break. Nicholson played hard-drinking lawyer George Hanson, for which he received his first Oscar nomination. The part of Hanson was a lucky break for Nicholson—the role had in fact been written for actor Rip Torn, who was a close friend of screen writer Terry Southern, but Torn withdrew from the project after a bitter argument with the film's director Dennis Hopper, during which the two men almost came to blows.

A Best Actor nomination came the following year for his persona-defining role in ''Five Easy Pieces'' (1970). Also that year, he appeared in the movie adaptation of ''On A Clear Day You Can See Forever'', although most of his performance was left on the cutting room floor. Jack was the first choice to play the role of Father Damien Karras in The Exorcist, but the role was turned over to Jason Miller.

Other Nicholson roles included Hal Ashby's ''The Last Detail'' (1973), for which he was awarded Best Actor at the Cannes Film Festival, and the classic Roman Polanski noir thriller, ''Chinatown'' (1974). Nicholson was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor for both films. Nicholson was friends with the director long before the death of Polanski's wife, Sharon Tate, at the hands of the Manson Family, and supported him in the days following the deaths. After Tate's death, Nicholson began sleeping with a hammer under his pillow, and took breaks from work to attend the Manson trial. It was at Nicholson's home where the rape case for which Polanski was arrested occurred. Nicholson would go on to star in The Who's ''Tommy'' (1975), directed by Ken Russell, and Michelangelo Antonioni's ''The Passenger'' (1975).

Nicholson earned his first Best Actor Oscar for portraying Randle P. McMurphy in the movie adaptation of Ken Kesey's novel ''One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest'', directed by Miloš Forman in 1975. His Oscar was matched when Louise Fletcher received the Best Actress Award for her portrayal of Nurse Ratched. After this, he began to take more unusual roles. He took a small role in ''The Last Tycoon'', opposite Robert De Niro. He took a less sympathetic role in Arthur Penn's western ''The Missouri Breaks'', specifically to work with Marlon Brando. He followed this by making his second directorial effort with the western comedy ''Goin' South''. His first movie as a director was a 1971 quirky release called ''Drive, He Said''.

Although he garnered no Academy Award for Stanley Kubrick's adaptation of Stephen King's ''The Shining'' (1980), it remains one of his more significant roles. His second Oscar, the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor, came for his role of retired astronaut Garrett Breedlove in ''Terms of Endearment'' (1983), directed by James L. Brooks. Nicholson continued to work prolifically in the 80s, starring in such films as ''The Postman Always Rings Twice'' (1981), ''Reds'' (1981), ''Prizzi's Honor'' (1985), ''The Witches of Eastwick'' (1987), ''Broadcast News'' (1987), and ''Ironweed'' (1987). Three Oscar nominations also followed (''Reds'', ''Prizzi's Honor'', and ''Ironweed'').

Nicholson introduced several acts at Live Aid at the JFK Stadium in July 1985. He turned down the role of John Book in ''Witness''. The 1989 ''Batman'' movie, wherein Nicholson played the psychotic murderer and villain, The Joker, was an international smash hit, and a lucrative percentage deal earned Nicholson about $60 million. For his role as hot-headed Col. Nathan R. Jessep in ''A Few Good Men'' (1992), a movie about a murder in a U.S. Marine Corps unit, Nicholson received yet another Academy nomination. This film contained the court scene in which Nicholson famously explodes, "You can't handle the truth!", in one of the Aaron Sorkin-penned monologues to become part of popular culture.

In 1996, Nicholson collaborated once more with ''Batman'' director Tim Burton on ''Mars Attacks!'', pulling double duty as two contrasting characters, President James Dale and Las Vegas property developer Art Land. At first studio executives at Warner Bros. disliked the idea of killing off Nicholson's character, so Burton created two characters and killed them both off. Not all of Nicholson's performances have been well received. He was nominated for Razzie Awards as worst actor for ''Man Trouble'' (1992) and ''Hoffa'' (1992). However, Nicholson's performance in ''Hoffa'' also earned him a Golden Globe nomination.

Nicholson went on to win his next Academy Award for Best Actor for his role as Melvin Udall, a mean-spirited, compulsive obsessive neurotic author in ''As Good as It Gets'' (1997), again directed by Brooks. His Oscar was matched with the Academy Award for Best Actress for Helen Hunt as a Manhattan waitress drawn into a love/hate friendship with Udall, a frequent diner in the restaurant in which she worked. In 2001, Nicholson was the first actor to receive the Stanislavsky Award at the Moscow International Film Festival for "conquering the heights of acting and faithfulness".

2002–present

In ''About Schmidt'' (2002), Nicholson portrayed a retired Omaha, Nebraska actuary who questions his own life following his wife's death. His quietly restrained performance earned him an Academy Award Nomination for Best Actor. In ''Anger Management'' (2003), he plays an aggressive therapist assigned to help overly pacifist Adam Sandler. In 2003, Nicholson also starred in ''Something's Gotta Give'', as an aging playboy who falls for the mother (Diane Keaton) of his young girlfriend.

In late 2006, Nicholson marked his return to the "dark side" as Frank Costello, a sadistic Boston Irish Mob boss presiding over Matt Damon and Leonardo DiCaprio in Martin Scorsese's Oscar-winning ''The Departed'', a remake of Andrew Lau's ''Infernal Affairs''.

In November 2006, Nicholson began filming his next project, Rob Reiner's ''The Bucket List'', a role for which he shaved his head. The film starred Nicholson and Morgan Freeman as dying men who fulfill their list of goals. The film was released on December 25, 2007 (limited), and January 11, 2008 (wide). In researching the role, Nicholson visited a Los Angeles hospital to see how cancer patients coped with their illnesses. His last film role to date saw him reunite with ''Terms of Endearment'' and ''As Good as It Gets'' director James L. Brooks for a small supporting role as Paul Rudd's father in ''How Do You Know''.

Personal life

Family and relationships

Nicholson has been romantically linked to numerous actresses and models, including Michelle Phillips, Bebe Buell, and Lara Flynn Boyle. Nicholson's longest relationship was for 16 years with actress Anjelica Huston, daughter of film director John Huston, from 1973 to 1989. However, the relationship ended when the media reported that Rebecca Broussard had become pregnant with Nicholson's child. Nicholson and Broussard had two children together, Lorraine (born 1990) and Raymond Nicholson (born 1992). Nicholson's other children are Jennifer (born 1963 with Sandra Knight) and Honey Hollman (b. 1981 with Winnie Hollman). Actress Susan Anspach contends that her son, Caleb Goddard (born 1970), was fathered by Nicholson, though he is not convinced he is the father.

Celebrity friendships

Nicholson lived next door to Marlon Brando for a number of years on Mulholland Drive in Beverly Hills. Warren Beatty also lived nearby, earning the road the nickname "Bad Boy Drive". After Brando's death in 2004, Nicholson purchased his neighbor's bungalow for $6.1 million, with the purpose of having it demolished. Nicholson stated that it was done out of respect to Brando's legacy, as it had become too expensive to renovate the "derelict" building which was plagued by mold.

Nicholson shared a friendship with author-journalist Hunter S. Thompson, described in his autobiography "Kingdom of Fear" where, according to Thompson, they would exchange "bizarre" presents which resulted in a perceived assassination attempt against the actor. Thompson appeared outside his home on the night of Nicholson's birthday, having set off a high-powered spotlight and gunfire, playing a tape of animal cries through an amplifier to awaken him. He then left a freshly-cut elk's heart on his door as a joke before leaving when it appeared that nobody would exit the house. Following the death of Thompson in 2005, he and fellow actors Johnny Depp, John Cusack, and Sean Penn attended his private memorial service in Colorado.

Hobbies

Nicholson is a fan of the New York Yankees and Los Angeles Lakers. His attendance at Lakers games is legendary, as he is a season ticket holder since 1970 and has held courtside season tickets for the past 25 years at both The Forum and the Staples Center, missing very few games. In a few instances, Nicholson has engaged in arguments with game officials and opposing players, and has even walked onto the court. His ardent refusal to miss a Lakers home game means that studios are rumored to have to schedule filming around the Lakers home schedule although he disputed this claim in an interview with BBC radio in 2008.

Nicholson is a collector of twentieth century and contemporary art, including the work of Scottish artist Jack Vettriano.

Honors

Former California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger and First Lady Maria Shriver announced on May 28, 2008, that Nicholson would be inducted into the California Hall of Fame, located at The California Museum for History, Women and the Arts. The induction ceremony took place on December 15, 2008, where he was inducted alongside 11 other legendary Californians.

In 2010, Nicholson was inducted into the New Jersey Hall of Fame.

In 2011, Nicholson received an honorary Doctor of Fine Arts degree from Brown University at its two hundred and forty-third commencement. At the ceremony Ruth Simmons, Brown University's president, called him, "the most skilled actor of our lifetime."

Academy Awards history

With twelve nominations (eight for Best Actor and four for Best Supporting Actor), Jack Nicholson is the most nominated male actor in Academy Awards history. Only Nicholson and Michael Caine have been nominated for an acting (lead or supporting) Academy Award in five different decades: 1960s, 1970s, 1980s, 1990s, and 2000s. With three Oscar wins, he also ties with Walter Brennan for the second highest-number of Oscar wins in acting categories (all of Brennan's wins, however, were for Best Supporting Actor).

At the 79th Academy Awards, Nicholson had fully shaved his hair for his role in ''The Bucket List''. Those ceremonies represented the seventh time he has presented the Academy Award for Best Picture (1972, 1977, 1978, 1990, 1993, 2006, and 2007). Nicholson is an active and voting member of the Academy. During the last decade he has attended almost every ceremony, whether nominated or not, sitting in the front row.

Filmography

+List of film credits
! Year	! Title	! Role	Notes
1958	''''	Jimmy Wallace
1960	''Too Soon to Love''	Buddy
1960	''''	Johnny Varron
1960	''''	Wilbur Force
1960	''Studs Lonigan''	Weary Reilly
1962	''''	Will Brocious
1963	''''	Andre Duvalier	Also (Uncredited) Director
1963	''''	Rexford Bedlo
1964	''Flight to Fury''	Jay Wickham	Also Writer
1964	''Ensign Pulver''	Dolan
1965	''Ride in the Whirlwind''	Wes	Also Producer
1966	''''	Billy Spear	Also Producer
1967	''''	Gino, Hit Man	Uncredited
1967			Writer
1968	''Psych-Out''	Stoney
1968		Himself	Also Producer/Writer
1969	''Easy Rider''	George Hanson
1970		Tad Pringle
1970	''''	Bunny
1970	''Five Easy Pieces''	Robert Eroica Dupea
1971		Jonathan Fuerst	Sant Jordi Award for Best Foreign ActorNominated—Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama
1971	''''	Mitch
1971	''Drive, He Said''		Also Producer/Writer/Director—Nominated for Palme d'Or
1972	''''	David Staebler
1973	''''	Billy "Bad Ass" Buddusky
1974		J.J. 'Jake' Gittes
1975	''''	Oscar Sullivan aka Oscar Dix
1975		Randle McMurphy
1975	''''	David Locke
1975		The Specialist
1976	''''	Tom Logan
1976	''''	Brimmer
1978	''Goin' South''	Henry Lloyd Moon	Also Director
1980	''''	Jack Torrance
1981	''''	Frank Chambers
1981		Pirate at beach	Uncredited
1981		Eugene O'Neill
1982	''''	Charlie Smith
1983	''Terms of Endearment''	Garrett Breedlove
1984	''Terror in the Aisles''		Archival Footage Only
1985	''Prizzi's Honor''	Charley Partanna
1986		Mark Forman
1987		Daryl Van Horne
1987		Bill Rorich	New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actor also for ''Ironweed (film)
1987		Francis Phelan
1989
1990	''[[The Two Jakes''	J.J. 'Jake' Gittes	Also (Uncredited) Producer/Director
1992		Eugene Earl Axline, aka Harry Bliss	Nominated—Golden Raspberry Award
1992	''''	Col. Nathan R. Jessep
1992	''[[Hoffa''		Nominated—Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture DramaNominated—Golden Raspberry Award
1994		Will Randall	Nominated—[[Saturn Award for Best Actor
1995	''''	Freddy Gale
1996	''Blood and Wine''	Alex Gates
1996	''''	Garrett Breedlove
1996	''Mars Attacks!''	President James Dale / Art Land	Nominated—Satellite Award for Best Actor - Motion Picture Musical or Comedy
1997	''As Good as It Gets''	Melvin Udall
2001	''''	Jerry Black
2002	''About Schmidt''	Warren R. Schmidt
2003	''Anger Management''	Dr. Buddy Rydell	Nominated—Teen Choice Award for Choice Movie Hissy Fit
2003		Harry Sanborn	Nominated—Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy
2006	''''	Francis 'Frank' Costello
2007	''''	Edward Cole
2010		Charles Madison
2011	''Americana''	Edgar Johnson

: Additionally, in 1999, Nicholson was presented with the Golden Globe's Cecil B. DeMille Award lifetime achievement award.

References

External links

''Rolling Stone'' Interview with Jack Nicholson

Jack Nicholson slideshow at AMCtv.com

Literature on Jack Nicholson

Category:1937 births Category:Living people Category:20th-century actors Category:21st-century actors Category:Actors from New Jersey Category:Actors from New York City Category:Actors Studio alumni Category:American film actors Category:American people of Dutch descent Category:American people of English descent Category:American people of Irish descent Category:Best Supporting Actor BAFTA Award winners Category:Best Actor Academy Award winners Category:Best Actor BAFTA Award winners Category:Best Drama Actor Golden Globe (film) winners Category:Best Supporting Actor Academy Award winners Category:Collectors Category:Grammy Award winners Category:Kennedy Center honorees Category:People from Monmouth County, New Jersey Category:People from Spring Lake, New Jersey Category:Saturn Award winners Category:Sports spectators

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birth name	Mary Louise Streep
birth date	June 22, 1949
birth place	Summit, New Jersey, U.S.
spouse	Don Gummer(m.1978–present; 4 children)
children	4 (including Mamie Gummer and Grace Gummer)
lover	John Cazale(1976–78, his death)
occupation	Actress
years active	1971–present }}

Mary Louise "Meryl" Streep (born June 22, 1949) is an American actress and singer who has worked in theatre, television, and film. She is widely regarded as one of the most talented and respected actresses of the contemporary era.

Streep made her professional stage debut in 1971's ''The Playboy of Seville'', before her screen debut in the television movie ''The Deadliest Season'' in 1977. In that same year, she made her film debut with ''Julia''. Both critical and commercial success came quickly with roles in ''The Deer Hunter'' (1978) and ''Kramer vs. Kramer'' (1979), the former giving Streep her first Oscar nomination and the latter her first win. She later won an Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance in ''Sophie's Choice'' (1982).

Streep has received 17 Academy Award nominations, winning two, and 26 Golden Globe nominations, winning eight, more nominations than any other actor in the history of either award. Her work has also earned her two Emmy Awards, two Screen Actors Guild Awards, a Cannes Film Festival award, five New York Film Critics Circle Awards, five Grammy Award nominations, two BAFTA awards, an Australian Film Institute Award, and a Tony Award nomination, amongst others. She was awarded the AFI Life Achievement Award in 2004.

Early life and background

Streep was born Mary Louise Streep in Summit, New Jersey. Her mother, Mary Wolf (née Wilkinson; 1915 - 2001), was a commercial artist and former art editor, and her father, Harry William Streep, Jr. (1910 - 2003), was a pharmaceutical executive. She has two brothers, Dana David and Harry William III. Her patrilineal ancestry originates in Loffenau, Germany, from where her second great-grandfather, Gottfried Streeb, emigrated to the United States, and where one of her ancestors served as mayor. Another line of her father's family was from Giswil, a small town in Switzerland. Her maternal ancestry originates in Pennsylvania and Rhode Island, and partly traces back to 17th century immigrants from England. Her eighth great-grandfather, Lawrence Wilkinson, was one of the first Europeans to settle Rhode Island. Streep is also a distant relative of William Penn, the founder of Pennsylvania, and records show that her family were among the first purchasers of land in the state.

She was raised a Presbyterian, and grew up in Bernardsville, New Jersey, where she attended Bernards High School. She had many school friends who were Catholic, and regularly attended Mass because she loved its rituals. She received her B.A., in Drama at Vassar College in 1971 (where she briefly received instruction from actress Jean Arthur), but also enrolled as an exchange student at Dartmouth College for a quarter before it became coeducational. She subsequently earned an M.F.A. from Yale School of Drama. While at Yale, she played a variety of roles onstage, from the glamorous Helena in ''A Midsummer Night's Dream'' to an eighty-year old woman in a wheelchair in a comedy written by then-unknown playwrights Christopher Durang and Albert Innaurato.

Career

Early career

Streep performed in several theater productions in New York and New Jersey after graduating from Yale School of Drama, including the New York Shakespeare Festival productions of ''Henry V'', ''The Taming of the Shrew'' with Raúl Juliá, and ''Measure for Measure'' opposite Sam Waterston and John Cazale, who became her lover and with whom she lived for three years. She starred on Broadway in the Brecht/Weill musical ''Happy End'', and won an Obie for her performance in the all-sung off-Broadway production of ''Alice at the Palace''.

Streep began auditioning for film roles, and later recalled an unsuccessful audition for Dino De Laurentiis for the leading role in ''King Kong''. De Laurentiis commented to his son in Italian, "She's ugly. Why did you bring me this thing?" and was shocked when Streep replied in fluent Italian. Streep's first feature film was ''Julia'' (1977), in which she played a small but pivotal role during a flashback scene. Streep was living in New York City with her lover, Cazale, who had been diagnosed with bone cancer. He was cast in ''The Deer Hunter'' (1978), and Streep was delighted to secure a small role because it allowed her to remain with Cazale for the duration of filming. She was not specifically interested in the part, commenting, "They needed a girl between the two guys and I was it."

She played a leading role in the television miniseries ''Holocaust'' (1978) as a German woman married to a Jewish artist in Nazi era Germany. She later explained that she had considered the material to be "unrelentingly noble", and had taken the role only because she had needed money. Streep travelled to Germany and Austria for filming while Cazale remained in New York. Upon her return, Streep found that Cazale's illness had progressed, and she nursed him until his death on March 12, 1978. She spoke of her grief and her hope that work would provide a diversion; she accepted a role in ''The Seduction of Joe Tynan'' (1979) with Alan Alda, later commenting that she played it on "automatic pilot", and performed the role of Katherine in ''The Taming of the Shrew'' for Shakespeare in the Park. With an estimated audience of 109 million, ''Holocaust'' brought a degree of public recognition to Streep, who was described in August 1978 as "on the verge of national visibility". She won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress – Miniseries or a Movie for her performance.

''The Deer Hunter'' (1978) was released a month later, and Streep was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her performance.

Streep played a supporting role in ''Manhattan'' (1979) for Woody Allen, later stating that she had not seen a complete script and was given only the six pages of her own scenes, and that she had not been permitted to improvise a word of her dialogue. Asked to comment on the script for ''Kramer vs. Kramer'' (1979), in a meeting with the producer Stan Jaffee, director Robert Benton and star Dustin Hoffman, Streep insisted that the female character was not representative of many real women who faced marriage breakdown and child custody battles, and was written as "too evil". Jaffee, Benton and Hoffman agreed with Streep, and the script was revised. In preparing for the part, Streep spoke to her own mother about her life as a mother and housewife with a career, and frequented the Upper East Side neighborhood in which the film was set. Benton allowed Streep to write her dialogue in two of her key scenes, despite some objection from Hoffman. Jaffee and Hoffman later spoke of Streep's tirelessness, with Hoffman commenting, "She's extraordinarily hardworking, to the extent that she's obsessive. I think that she thinks about nothing else but what she's doing."

Streep drew critical acclaim for her performance in each of her three films released in 1979: the romantic comedy ''Manhattan'', the political drama ''The Seduction of Joe Tynan'' and the family drama, ''Kramer vs. Kramer''. She was awarded the Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Supporting Actress, National Board of Review Award for Best Supporting Actress and National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Supporting Actress for her collective work in the three films. Among the awards won for ''Kramer vs. Kramer'' were the Academy Award and Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress.

1980s

After prominent supporting roles in two of the 1970s' most successful films, the consecutive winners of the Academy Award for Best Picture, ''The Deer Hunter'' and ''Kramer vs. Kramer'', and praise for her versatility in several supporting roles, Streep progressed to leading roles. Her first was ''The French Lieutenant's Woman'' (1981). A story within a story drama, the film paired Streep with Jeremy Irons as contemporary actors, telling their modern story as well as the Victorian era drama they were performing. A ''New York Magazine'' article commented that while many female stars of the past had cultivated a singular identity in their films, Streep was a "chameleon", willing to play any type of role. Streep was awarded a BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role for her work.

Her next film, the psychological thriller, ''Still of the Night'' (1982) reunited her with Robert Benton, the director of ''Kramer vs. Kramer'', and co-starred Roy Scheider and Jessica Tandy. Vincent Canby, writing for ''The New York Times'', noted that the film was an homage to the works of Alfred Hitchcock, but that one of its main weaknesses was a lack of chemistry between Streep and Scheider, concluding that Streep "is stunning, but she's not on screen anywhere near long enough".

As the Polish holocaust survivor in ''Sophie's Choice'' (1982), Streep's emotional dramatic performance and her apparent mastery of a Polish accent drew praise. William Styron wrote the novel with Ursula Andress in mind for the part of Sophie, but Streep was very determined to get the role. After she obtained a pirated copy of the script, she went to Alan J. Pakula and threw herself on the ground begging him to give her the part. Streep filmed the "choice" scene in one take and refused to do it again, as she found shooting the scene extremely painful and emotionally exhausting. Among several notable acting awards, Streep won the Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance. Roger Ebert said of her performance, "Streep plays the Brooklyn scenes with an enchanting Polish-American accent (she has the first accent I've ever wanted to hug), and she plays the flashbacks in subtitled German and Polish. There is hardly an emotion that Streep doesn't touch in this movie, and yet we're never aware of her straining. This is one of the most astonishing and yet one of the most unaffected and natural performances I can imagine."

She followed this success with a biographical film, ''Silkwood'' (1983), in which she played her first real-life character, the union activist Karen Silkwood. She discussed her preparation for the role in an interview with Roger Ebert and said that she had met with people close to Silkwood to learn more about her, and in doing so realized that each person saw a different aspect of Silkwood. Streep concentrated on the events of Silkwood's life and concluded, "I didn't try to turn myself into Karen. I just tried to look at what she did. I put together every piece of information I could find about her... What I finally did was look at the events in her life, and try to understand her from the inside."

Her next films were a romantic drama, ''Falling in Love'' (1984) opposite Robert De Niro, and a British drama, ''Plenty'' (1985). Roger Ebert said of Streep's performance in ''Plenty'' that she conveyed "great subtlety; it is hard to play an unbalanced, neurotic, self-destructive woman, and do it with such gentleness and charm... Streep creates a whole character around a woman who could have simply been a catalogue of symptoms."

''Out of Africa'' (1985) starred Streep as the Danish writer Karen Blixen and co-starred Robert Redford. A significant critical success, the film received a 63% "fresh" rating from Rotten Tomatoes. Streep co-starred with Jack Nicholson in her next two films, the dramas ''Heartburn'' (1986) and ''Ironweed'' (1987), in which she sang onscreen for the first time since the television movie, ''Secret Service'', in 1977. In ''A Cry in the Dark'' (1988), she played the biographical role of Lindy Chamberlain, an Australian woman who had been convicted of the murder of her infant daughter in which Chamberlain claimed her baby had been taken by a dingo. Filmed in Australia, Streep won the Australian Film Institute Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role, a Best Actress at the Cannes Film Festival, the New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress and was nominated for several other awards for her portrayal of Chamberlain.

In ''She-Devil'' (1989), Streep played her first comedic film role, opposite Roseanne Barr. Richard Corliss, writing for ''Time,'' commented that Streep was the "one reason" to see the film and observed that it marked a departure from the type of role for which she had been known, saying, "Surprise! Inside the Greer Garson roles Streep usually plays, a vixenish Carole Lombard is screaming to be cut loose."

1990s

From 1984 to 1990, Streep won six People's Choice Awards for Favorite Motion Picture Actress and, in 1990, was named World Favorite.

In the 1990s, Streep continued to choose a great variety of roles, including a drug-addicted movie actress in a screen adaptation of Carrie Fisher's novel ''Postcards from the Edge'', with Dennis Quaid and Shirley MacLaine. Streep and Goldie Hawn had established a friendship and were interested in making a film together. After considering various projects, they decided upon ''Thelma and Louise'', until Streep's pregnancy coincided with the filming schedule, and the producers decided to proceed with Susan Sarandon and Geena Davis. They subsequently filmed the farcical black comedy, ''Death Becomes Her'', with Bruce Willis as their co-star. ''Time'''s Richard Corliss wrote approvingly of Streep's "wicked-witch routine" but dismissed the film as "''She-Devil'' with a make-over".

Biographer Karen Hollinger describes this period as a downturn in the popularity of Streep's films, which reached its nadir with the failure of ''Death Becomes Her'', attributing this partly to a critical perception that her comedies had been an attempt to convey a lighter image following several serious but commercially unsuccessful dramas, and more significantly to the lack of options available to an actress in her forties. Streep commented that she had limited her options by her preference to work in Los Angeles, close to her family, a situation that she had anticipated in a 1981 interview when she commented, "By the time an actress hits her mid-forties, no one's interested in her anymore. And if you want to fit a couple of babies into that schedule as well, you've got to pick your parts with great care."

Streep appeared with Glenn Close in the movie version of Isabel Allende's ''The House of the Spirits''; the screen adaptation of ''The Bridges of Madison County'' with Clint Eastwood; ''The River Wild''; ''Marvin's Room'' (with Diane Keaton and Leonardo DiCaprio); ''One True Thing''; and ''Music of the Heart'', in a role that required her to learn to play the violin, She was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role for "The Bridges of Madison County", "Music of the Heart" (where she plays the role of Roberta Guaspari) and "One True Thing".

2000s

Streep entered the 2000s with Steven Spielberg's ''A.I. Artificial Intelligence'', a science fiction film about a child-like android, played by Haley Joel Osment, uniquely programmed with the ability to love, voicing the Blue Fairy. The same year, Streep co-hosted the annual Nobel Peace Prize concert with Liam Neeson in Oslo, Norway, and began work on Spike Jonze's comedy-drama ''Adaptation'' (2002), in which she portrayed real-life journalist Susan Orlean. Lauded by critics and viewers alike, the film was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Writing, and won Streep her fourth Golden Globe in the Best Supporting Actress category. Also in 2002, Streep appeared alongside Nicole Kidman and Julianne Moore in Stephen Daldry's ''The Hours'', based on the 1999 novel of the same title by Michael Cunningham. Focusing on three women of different generations whose lives are interconnected by the novel ''Mrs. Dalloway'' by Virginia Woolf, the film was generally well-received and won all three leading actresses a Silver Bear for Best Actress the following year.

thumb|right|upright|Streep in 2004 The following year, Streep had a cameo as herself in the Farrelly brothers comedy ''Stuck on You'' (2003) and reunited with Mike Nichols to star with Al Pacino and Emma Thompson in the HBO adaptation of Tony Kushner's six-hour play ''Angels in America'', the story of two couples whose relationships dissolve amidst the backdrop of Reagan Era politics. Streep, who was cast in four roles in the mini-series, received her second Emmy Award and fifth Golden Globe for her performance. In 2004, Streep was awarded the AFI Life Achievement Award by the Board of Directors of the American Film Institute, and appeared in Jonathan Demme's moderately successful remake ''The Manchurian Candidate'', co-starring Denzel Washington, playing a U.S. senator and a manipulative, ruthless mother of a vice-presidential candidate. The same year, she played the supporting role of Aunt Josephine in ''Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events'' alongside Jim Carrey, based on the first three novels in Snicket's book series. The black comedy received generally favorable reviews from critics, and won the Academy Award for Best Makeup.

Streep was next cast in the 2005 comedy ''Prime'', directed by Ben Younger. In the film, she played Lisa Metzger, the Jewish psychoanalyst of a divorced and lonesome business-woman, played by Uma Thurman, who enters a relationship with Metzger's 23-year-old son (Bryan Greenberg). A modest mainstream success, it eventually grossed US$67.9 million internationally. In 2006, Streep, along with Lily Tomlin, portrayed the last two members of what was once a popular family country music act in Robert Altman's final film ''A Prairie Home Companion''. A comedic ensemble piece featuring Tommy Lee Jones, Kevin Kline and Woody Harrelson, the film revolves around the behind-the-scenes activities at the long-running public radio show of the same name. The film grossed over US$26 million, the majority of which came from domestic markets. Commercially, Streep fared better with a role in ''The Devil Wears Prada'' (2006), a loose screen adaptation of Lauren Weisberger's 2003 novel of the same name. Portraying the powerful and demanding fashion magazine editor and boss of a recent college graduate (played by Anne Hathaway) Miranda Priestly, Streep's performance drew rave reviews from critics and later earned her many award nominations, including her record-setting 14th Oscar bid, as well as another Golden Globe. Upon its commercial release, the film became Streep's biggest commercial success yet, grossing more than US$326.5 million worldwide.

In 2007, Streep was cast in four films. She portrayed a wealthy university patron in Chen Shi-zheng's much-delayed feature drama ''Dark Matter'' (2007), a film about a Chinese science graduate student who becomes violent after dealing with academic politics at a U.S. university. Inspired by the events of the 1991 University of Iowa shooting, and initially scheduled for a 2007 release, producers and investors decided to shelve ''Dark Matter'' out of respect for the Virginia Tech massacre in April 2007. The drama received negative to mixed reviews upon its limited 2008 release. Streep played a U.S. government official, who investigates an Egyptian foreign national in Washington, D.C., suspected of terrorism in the Middle East, in the political thriller ''Rendition'' (2007), directed by Gavin Hood. Keen to get involved into a thriller film, Streep welcomed the opportunity to star in a film genre for which she was not usually offered scripts and immediately signed on to the project. Upon its release, ''Rendition'' was less commercially successful, and received mixed reviews.

Also in 2007, Streep had a short role alongside Vanessa Redgrave, Glenn Close and her eldest daughter Mamie Gummer in Lajos Koltai's drama film ''Evening'', based on the 1998 novel of the same name by Susan Minot. Switching between the present and the past, it tells the story of a bedridden woman, who remembers her tumultuous life in the mid-1950s. The film was released to lukewarm reactions by critics, who called it "beautifully filmed, but decidedly dull [and] a colossal waste of a talented cast." Streep's last film of 2007 was Robert Redfords ''Lions for Lambs'', a film about the connection between a platoon of United States soldiers in Afghanistan, a U.S. senator, a reporter, and a California college professor.

In 2008, Streep found major commercial success when she starred in Phyllida Lloyd's ''Mamma Mia!'', a film adaptation of the musical of the same name, based on the songs of Swedish pop group ABBA. Co-starring Amanda Seyfried, Pierce Brosnan, and Colin Firth, Streep played a single mother and a former backing singer, whose daughter (Seyfried), a bride-to-be who never met her father, invites three likely paternal candidates to her wedding on an idyllic Greek island. An instant box office success, ''Mamma Mia!'' became Streep's highest-grossing film to date, with box office receipts of US$602.6 million, also ranking it first among the highest-grossing musical films of all-time. Nominated for another Golden Globe, Streep's performance was generally well-received by critics, with Wesley Morris of the ''Boston Globe'' commenting "the greatest actor in American movies has finally become a movie star." Streep's other film of 2008 was ''Doubt'' featuring Philip Seymour Hoffman, Amy Adams, and Viola Davis. A drama revolving around the stern principal nun (Streep) of a Bronx Catholic school in 1964 who brings charges of pedophilia against a popular priest (Hoffman), the film became a moderate box office success, but was hailed by many critics as one of the best of 2008. The film received five Academy Awards nominations, for its four lead actors and for Shanley's script.

In 2009, Streep played chef Julia Child in Nora Ephron's ''Julie & Julia'', co-starring Amy Adams and Stanley Tucci. The first major motion picture based on a blog, it contrasts the life of Child in the early years of her culinary career with the life of young New Yorker Julie Powell (Adams), who aspires to cook all 524 recipes in Child's cookbook ''Mastering the Art of French Cooking'' in 365 days, a challenge she described on her popular blog, ''The Julie/Julia Project'', that would make her a published author. The same year, Streep also starred in Nancy Meyers' romantic comedy ''It's Complicated'', with Alec Baldwin and Steve Martin. She also received nominations for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy for both of these films and won the award for the former. Streep later received her 16th Oscar nomination for ''Julie & Julia''. She also lent her voice to Mrs. Felicity Fox in the stop-motion film ''Fantastic Mr. Fox''.

2010s

In July 2010, it was announced that Streep will star in an upcoming comedy entitled ''Mommy & Me'' alongside Tina Fey who will play her daughter. The film is being directed by Stanley Tucci. Streep portrayed Margaret Thatcher in ''The Iron Lady'', a look at the Prime Minister during the Falklands War and her years in retirement. For this role, Streep won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Motion Picture Drama and the BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role. She has also received her 17th Oscar nominateion.

Accents and dialects

Streep is well known for her ability to imitate foreign and domestic accents, from Danish in ''Out of Africa'' (1985), to British RP in ''Plenty'' (also 1985), ''The French Lieutenant's Woman'' and ''The Iron Lady'' (2011), as well as Italian in ''The Bridges of Madison County'' (1995), to a Midwestern dialect in ''A Prairie Home Companion'' (2006). In ''A Cry in the Dark'' (1988), most critics were impressed with Streep's performance and ability to master an Australian accent. For her role in the film ''Sophie's Choice'' (1982), she took a language course in Polish for four months, in order to accurately display a Polish accent. In ''The Iron Lady'', she reproduced the vocal style of Margaret Thatcher, from the time before she became Britain's Prime Minister, and after she had taken elocution lessons to change her pitch, pronunciation and delivery. Despite the accolades accorded to her, Streep has responded to praise with the assertion that adopting accents is an element that she simply considers an obvious part of her task in creating characters. When asked whether accents help her get into character, she responded, "I'm always baffled by this question... How could I play that part and talk like me?" When questioned as to how she reproduces different accents, Streep replied, "I listen."

Theatre

In New York City, she appeared in the 1976 Broadway double bill of Tennessee Williams' ''27 Wagons Full of Cotton'' and Arthur Miller's ''A Memory of Two Mondays''. For the former, she received a Tony Award nomination for Best Featured Actress in a Play. Her other early Broadway credits include Anton Chekhov's ''The Cherry Orchard'' and the Bertolt Brecht-Kurt Weill musical ''Happy End'' in which she originally appeared off-Broadway at the Chelsea Theater Center. She received Drama Desk Award nominations for both productions. Once Streep's film career flourished, she took a long break from stage acting.

In July 2001, Streep returned to the stage for the first time in more than twenty years, playing Arkadina in the Public Theater's revival of Anton Chekhov's ''The Seagull''. The staging, directed by Mike Nichols, also featured Kevin Kline, Natalie Portman, Philip Seymour Hoffman, Christopher Walken, Marcia Gay Harden, and John Goodman.

In August and September 2006, she starred onstage at The Public Theater's production of ''Mother Courage and Her Children'' at the Delacorte Theatre in Central Park. The Public Theater production was a new translation by playwright Tony Kushner (''Angels in America''), with songs in the Weill/Brecht style written by composer Jeanine Tesori (''Caroline, or Change''); veteran director George C. Wolfe was at the helm. Streep starred alongside Kevin Kline and Austin Pendleton in this three-and-a-half-hour play in which she sang and appeared in almost every scene.

Music

After appearing in ''Mamma Mia!'', Streep's rendition of the song "Mamma Mia" rose to popularity in the Portuguese music charts, where it peaked at #8 in October 2008.

At the 35th People's Choice Awards, her version of ''Mamma Mia'' won an award for "Favorite Song From A Soundtrack". In 2008, Streep was nominated for a Grammy Award (her fifth nomination) for her work on the ''Mamma Mia!'' soundtrack.

Philanthropy

Streep is the spokesperson for the National Women's History Museum, to which she has donated a significant amount of money (including her fee for ''The Iron Lady'') and hosted numerous events.

Personal life

Meryl Streep lived with her partner, actor John Cazale, for three years until his death in March 1978. Streep married sculptor Don Gummer on September 15, 1978. They have four children: Henry "Hank" Wolfe Gummer (born November 13, 1979), Mary Willa "Mamie" Gummer (born August 3, 1983), Grace Jane Gummer (born May 9, 1986), and Louisa Jacobson Gummer (born June 12, 1991). Both Mamie and Grace are actresses. Hank is a musician who performs under the name Henry Wolfe.

When asked if religion plays a part in her life in an interview in 2009, Streep replied, "I follow no doctrine. I don't belong to a church or a temple or a synagogue or an ashram." Streep does not rule out the possibility that God exists. “I do have a sense of trying to make things better. Where does that come from?”

Awards

Streep holds the record for the most Academy Award nominations of any actor, having been nominated seventeen times since her first nomination in 1979 for ''The Deer Hunter'' (fourteen for Best Actress and three for Best Supporting Actress). Streep is also the most-nominated performer for a Golden Globe Award (with 26 nominations) and, with her overall eighth win for ''The Iron Lady'' in 2012, has won the most Golden Globes (excluding special awards).

In 1983, Yale - from which Streep had graduated in 1975 - was the first university to award her an honorary degree, a Doctorate of Fine Arts. In 1998, Women in Film awarded Streep with the Crystal Award for outstanding women who have helped expand the role of women within the entertainment industry.

In 2003, Streep was awarded an honorary César Award by the French ''Académie des Arts et Techniques du Cinéma.'' In 2004, at the Moscow International Film Festival, Streep was honored with the Stanislavsky Award for the outstanding achievement in the career of acting and devotion to the principles of Stanislavsky's school. Also in 2004, Streep received the AFI Life Achievement Award. In 2009, she was awarded an honorary Doctorate of Fine Arts by Princeton University. In 2010, she was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Letters and was awarded an honorary Doctor of Arts degree by Harvard University.

Streep received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1998, and May 27, 2004 was proclaimed "Meryl Streep Day" by Manhattan Borough President C. Virginia Fields.

In 2008, Streep was inducted into the New Jersey Hall of Fame.

On December 4, 2011 (program aired on CBS-TV on December 27, 2011), Streep received the 2011 Kennedy Center Honor (along with Neil Diamond, Yo-Yo Ma, Sonny Rollins, and Barbara Cook).

On February 12, 2012, Streep received the 2012 BAFTA award for best actress for the movie ''The Iron Lady''.

On February 14, 2012, Streep received the Honorary Golden Bear at the 62nd Berlin International Film Festival. She previously won the Berlinale Camera at the 49th Berlin International Film Festival in 1999.

Filmography

! Year	! Title	! Role	Notes
1978	''The Deer Hunter''	Linda
1979		Jill	Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Supporting Actress (also for The Seduction of Joe Tynan and Kramer vs. Kramer)National Board of Review Award for Best Supporting Actress (also for The Seduction of Joe Tynan and Kramer vs. Kramer)National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Supporting Actress (also for The Seduction of Joe Tynan and Kramer vs. Kramer)Nominated - BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting Role
1979	''Kramer vs. Kramer''	Joanna Kramer	Academy Award for Best Supporting ActressGolden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress – Motion PictureKansas City Film Critics Circle Award for Best ActressLos Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Supporting Actress (also for The Seduction of Joe Tynan and Manhattan)National Board of Review Award for Best Supporting Actress (also for Manhattan and The Seduction of Joe Tynan)National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Supporting Actress (also for The Seduction of Joe Tynan and Manhattan)New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Supporting Actress (and also The Seduction of Joe Tynan)Nominated - BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role
1981		Sarah/Anna	BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading RoleGolden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture DramaLos Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best ActressNominated - Academy Award for Best Actress
1982		Sophie Zawistowski	Academy Award for Best ActressBoston Society of Film Critics Award for Best ActressGolden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture DramaKansas City Film Critics Circle Award for Best ActressLos Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best ActressNational Board of Review Award for Best ActressNational Society of Film Critics Award for Best ActressNew York Film Critics Circle Award for Best ActressNominated - BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role
1983	''Silkwood''	Karen Silkwood	Kansas City Film Critics Circle Award for Best ActressNominated - Academy Award for Best ActressNominated - BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading RoleNominated - Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Drama
1985		Karen Blixen
1987		Helen Archer	Nominated - Academy Award for Best Actress
1988	''A Cry in the Dark''		Australian Film Institute Award for Best Actress in a Leading RoleNew York Film Critics Circle Award for Best ActressBest Actress Award (Cannes Film Festival)Nominated - Academy Award for Best ActressNominated - Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Drama
1990		Suzanne Vale
1995		Francesca Johnson	Nominated - Academy Award for Best ActressNominated - Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture DramaNominated - Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Leading Role
1998	''One True Thing''	Kate Gulden	Nominated - Academy Award for Best ActressNominated - Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture DramaNominated - Satellite Award for Best Supporting Actress – Motion PictureNominated - Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Leading Role
1999	''Music of the Heart''	Roberta Guaspari	Nominated - Academy Award for Best ActressNominated - Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture DramaNominated - Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Leading Role
2002		Susan Orlean	Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best Supporting ActressFlorida Film Critics Circle Award for Best Supporting ActressGolden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress – Motion PictureSatellite Award for Best Supporting Actress – Motion PictureSilver Bear for Best ActressSoutheastern Film Critics Association Award for Best Supporting ActressNominated - Academy Award for Best Supporting ActressNominated - BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting RoleNominated - Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best Supporting ActressNominated - London Film Critics Circle Award for Actress of the YearNominated - Online Film Critics Society Award for Best Supporting ActressNominated - Phoenix Film Critics Society Award for Best Supporting ActressNominated - Phoenix Film Critics Society Award for Best CastNominated - Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture
2002		Clarissa Vaughan	Silver Bear for Best Actress in Berlin International Film Festival (with Julianne Moore and Nicole Kidman)Nominated - BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading RoleNominated - Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture DramaNominated - Las Vegas Film Critics Society Award for Best Supporting ActressNominated - Phoenix Film Critics Society Award for Best CastNominated - Satellite Award for Best Supporting Actress – Motion PictureNominated - Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture
2004		Eleanor Shaw	Nominated - BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Supporting RoleNominated - Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress – Motion PictureNominated - Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actress
2006		Miranda Priestly	Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Musical or ComedyLondon Film Critics Circle Award for Actress of the YearNational Society of Film Critics Award for Best Supporting ActressOnline Film Critics Society Award for Best ActressSatellite Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Musical or ComedyNominated - Academy Award for Best ActressNominated - BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading RoleNominated - Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best ActressNominated - Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best ActressNominated - MTV Movie Award for Best VillainNominated - Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Leading Role
2008		Donna	Kansas City Film Critics Circle Award for Best ActressNational Board of Review Award for Best CastPhoenix Film Critics Society Award for Best ActressScreen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Leading RoleWashington D.C. Area Film Critics Association Award for Best ActressNominated BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading RoleNominated - Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best CastNominated - Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best ActressNominated - Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture DramaNominated - London Film Critics Circle Award for Actress of the YearNominated - Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture
2008		Sister Aloysius Beauvier	Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best ActressKansas City Film Critics Circle Award for Best ActressNational Board of Review Award for Best CastPhoenix Film Critics Society Award for Best ActressScreen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Leading RoleWashington D.C. Area Film Critics Association Award for Best ActressNominated - Academy Award for Best ActressNominated - BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading RoleNominated - Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best CastNominated - Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best ActressNominated - Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture DramaNominated - London Film Critics Circle Award for Actress of the YearNominated - Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture
2009	''Julie & Julia''	Julia Child	Boston Society of Film Critics Award for Best ActressBroadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best ActressGolden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Musical or ComedyKansas City Film Critics Circle Award for Best ActressNew York Film Critics Circle Award for Best ActressPhoenix Film Critics Society Award for Best ActressSatellite Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Musical or ComedySoutheastern Film Critics Association Award for Best ActressNominated - Academy Award for Best ActressNominated - BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading RoleNominated - Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best ActressNominated - London Film Critics Circle Award for Actress of the YearNominated - Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Leading Role
2011		Margaret Thatcher	AACTA International Award for Best ActressBAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading RoleDenver Film Critics Society Award for Best ActressGolden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Drama New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best ActressNew York Film Critics Online Award for Best ActressLondon Film Critics Circle Award for Actress of the Year Southeastern Film Critics Association Award for Best ActressUK's Annual Regional Film Awards for Best ActressPending - Academy Award for Best Actress in a Leading RoleNominated - Alliance of Women Film Journalists Award for Best ActressNominated - Alliance of Women Film Journalists Award for Actress Defying Age and AgeismNominated - Alliance of Women Film Journalists Award for Female Icon AwardNominated - Boston Society of Film Critics Award for Best Actress (runner-up) Nominated - Broadcast Film Critics Association Award for Best ActressNominated - Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best ActressNominated - Dallas-Fort Worth Film Critics Association Award for Best ActressNominated - Detroit Film Critics Society Award for Best ActressNominated - Houston Film Critics Society Award for Best ActresNominated - Iowa Film Critics Awards for Best ActressNominated - Irish Film & Television Award for Best International ActressNominated - National Society of Film Critics Award for Best ActressNominated - Online Film Critics Society Award for Best ActressNominated - Toronto Film Critics Association Award for Best ActressNominated - Satellite Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture DramaNominated - St. Louis Gateway Film Critics Association Award for Best Actress Nominated - Vancouver Film Critics Circle Award for Best ActressNominated - Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association Award for Best ActressNominated - Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Leading Role

See also

List of people from New Jersey

List of American actresses

References

Bibliography

Napoleon, Davi (1991). ''Chelsea on the Edge: The Adventures of an American Theater.'' Includes discussion of Streep's performance in Robert Kalfin's production of ''Happy End'' at the Chelsea Theater and on Broadway. Iowa State University Press. ISBN-0-8138-1713-7.

''Finding Herself: The Prime of Meryl Streep'' by Molly Haskell, ''Film Comment'', May/June 2008.

External links

merylstreeponline.net, Streep's official website

Meryl Streep at BAFTA forty-minute webcast, January 2009

Meryl Streep at Emmys.com

Category:1949 births Category:20th-century American people Category:20th-century women Category:21st-century American people Category:21st-century women Category:Actors from New Jersey Category:American film actors Category:American musical theatre actors Category:American people of English descent Category:American people of German descent Category:American people of Swiss descent Category:American television actors Category:American voice actors Category:BAFTA winners (people) Category:Best Actress Academy Award winners Category:Best Drama Actress Golden Globe (film) winners Category:Best Miniseries or Television Movie Actress Golden Globe winners Category:Best Musical or Comedy Actress Golden Globe (film) winners Category:Best Supporting Actress Academy Award winners Category:Best Supporting Actress Golden Globe (film) winners Category:César Award winners Category:Emmy Award winners Category:Living people Category:Obie Award recipients Category:Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Leading Role Screen Actors Guild Award winners Category:Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Miniseries or Television Movie Screen Actors Guild Award winners Category:People from Bernardsville, New Jersey Category:People from Summit, New Jersey Category:Vassar College alumni Category:Yale School of Drama alumni Category:United States National Medal of Arts recipients

af:Meryl Streep ar:ميريل ستريب an:Meryl Streep az:Meril Strip zh-min-nan:Meryl Streep be:Мэрыл Стрып be-x-old:Мэрыл Стрып bg:Мерил Стрийп bn:মেরিল স্ট্রিপ bs:Meryl Streep ca:Meryl Streep cs:Meryl Streepová cy:Meryl Streep da:Meryl Streep de:Meryl Streep et:Meryl Streep el:Μέριλ Στριπ es:Meryl Streep eo:Meryl Streep eu:Meryl Streep fa:مریل استریپ fo:Meryl Streep fr:Meryl Streep fy:Meryl Streep ga:Meryl Streep gl:Meryl Streep ko:메릴 스트립 hy:Մերիլ Սթրիփ hr:Meryl Streep id:Meryl Streep is:Meryl Streep it:Meryl Streep he:מריל סטריפ jv:Meryl Streep ka:მერილ სტრიპი kk:Мерил Стрип la:Maria Ludovica Streep lv:Merila Strīpa lt:Meryl Streep hu:Meryl Streep mk:Мерил Стрип mr:मेरिल स्ट्रीप nl:Meryl Streep ja:メリル・ストリープ no:Meryl Streep pms:Meryl Streep pl:Meryl Streep pt:Meryl Streep ro:Meryl Streep ru:Стрип, Мерил sq:Meryl Streep simple:Meryl Streep sk:Meryl Streepová sl:Meryl Streep sr:Мерил Стрип sh:Meryl Streep fi:Meryl Streep sv:Meryl Streep tl:Meryl Streep ta:மெரில் ஸ்ட்ரீப் th:เมอรีล สตรีป tg:Мерйл Стрийп tr:Meryl Streep uk:Меріл Стріп vi:Meryl Streep yo:Meryl Streep zh:梅麗·史翠普

Maxwell "Max" Koch (born July 17, 1854 – April 1, 1925) was a German-born Australian botanical collector.

Biography

Born in Berlin, Koch was apprenticed to a merchant's office, but, not liking the work, joined the crew of a Glasgow-based sailing ship at Bremerhaven. He left it at Port Augusta, South Australia in April 1878, taking work at a wheat farm. Later he moved to Mount Lyndhurst sheep station, where he remained for many years. Around 1896 he began serious botanical collecting.

Koch visited Germany around 1902–1903, then returned to Australia, and in 1904 moved to the extreme south-west of Western Australia, where he spent the next 17 years working in the timber industry. By that time he had a large family, and he supplemented his income by plant specimens, and, in his later years, seed. He died at Pemberton, Western Australia in 1925.

Legacy

During his lifetime, Koch very highly regarded by botanists, who considered him to be an outstanding botanical collector. In total his collections amount to about 820 species in South Australia and 2880 in Western Australia. These went to a range of botanists, herbaria, and botanic gardens, including Joseph Henry Maiden in Sydney (who used Koch's specimens as exchange material), the botanic gardens at Adelaide and Brisbane, and several overseas recipients. More than 40 plant species were published from specimens collected by him, including ''Leschenaultia macrantha'', ''Eucalyptus brachycorys'' and ''Eucalyptus kochii''. The last of these was named in his honour, as were species of several other genera, including ''Acacia'', ''Aizoon'', ''Scirpus'', ''Thryptomene'' and ''Zygophyllum''.

References

Further reading

Category:1854 births Category:1925 deaths Category:Botanical collectors active in Australia Category:People from Berlin Category:People from South Australia Category:German emigrants to Australia

Category:People from Western Australia

birth name	Kevin Spacey Fowler
birth date	July 26, 1959
birth place	South Orange, New Jersey, United States
occupation	Actor, director, producer, screenwriter
years active	1981–present }}

Kevin Spacey, CBE (born Kevin Spacey Fowler; July 26, 1959) is an American actor, director, screenwriter, producer, and crooner. He grew up in California, and began his career as a stage actor during the 1980s, before being cast in supporting roles in film and television. He gained critical acclaim in the early 1990s, culminating in his first Academy Award for ''The Usual Suspects'' (Best Supporting Actor), followed by a Best Actor Academy Award win for ''American Beauty'' (1999). His other starring roles in Hollywood include ''Seven'', ''L.A. Confidential'', ''Pay It Forward'', and ''Superman Returns'' in a career which has earned him several Emmy and Golden Globe nominations. Since 2003, he has been artistic director of the Old Vic theatre in London.

Early life

Spacey was born in South Orange, New Jersey, the younger son of Kathleen Ann (née Knutson; December 5, 1931 – March 19, 2003), a secretary, and Thomas Geoffrey Fowler (June 4, 1924 – December 24, 1992), a technical writer and data consultant. He has two older siblings: a sister, Julie, and a brother, Randy. He attended Northridge Military Academy, Canoga Park High School (in tenth and eleventh grades), and then Chatsworth High School in Chatsworth, Los Angeles, where he graduated valedictorian of his class. At Chatsworth High, he starred in the school's senior production of ''The Sound of Music'', playing the part of Captain Georg von Trapp, opposite Mare Winningham's character, Maria.

While in high school, he took on his paternal grandmother's maiden name, "Spacey", originally a Yorkshire name, as his acting surname. Several reports have incorrectly suggested that he took his name in tribute to actor Spencer Tracy, combining Tracy's first and last names. He had tried to succeed as a stand-up comedian for several years, before attending the Juilliard School in New York City, where he studied drama, between 1979 and 1981. During this time period, Spacey performed stand-up comedy in bowling alley talent contests.

Career

Spacey's first professional stage appearance was as a spear-carrier in a New York Shakespeare Festival performance of ''Henry VI, part 1'' in 1981. The following year, he made his first Broadway appearance as Oswald in a production of Henrik Ibsen's ''Ghosts'', starring Liv Ullmann. Then he portrayed Philinte in Molière's ''The Misanthrope''. In 1984, it was David Rabe's ''Hurlyburly'' where he rotated through each of the male parts (he would later play Mickey in the screen version too). Next came Anton Chekhov's ''The Seagull'' and a period, in 1986, performing ''Sleuth'' in a New Jersey dinner theatre.

But his prominence as a stage actor really began in 1986, when he was cast opposite Jack Lemmon, Peter Gallagher and Bethel Leslie as Jamie, the eldest Tyrone son in Jonathan Miller's lauded production of Eugene O'Neill's ''Long Day's Journey into Night''. Lemmon in particular would become a mentor to Spacey. He made his first major television appearance in the second season premiere of ''Crime Story'', playing a Kennedy-esque American senator. Although his interest soon turned to film, Spacey remained actively involved in the live theater community. In 1991, he won a Tony Award for his portrayal of "Uncle Louie" in Neil Simon's Broadway hit ''Lost in Yonkers''. Spacey's father was unconvinced that Spacey could make a career for himself as an actor, and did not change his mind until Spacey became well-known.

Some of Spacey's earlier roles include a widowed eccentric millionaire on ''L.A. Law'', the made-for-television film ''The Murder of Mary Phagan'' (1988), opposite Jack Lemmon, and the Richard Pryor/Gene Wilder–starring comedy ''See No Evil, Hear No Evil'' (1989). Spacey earned an avid fan base following, after playing the criminally insane arms dealer Mel Profitt on the television series ''Wiseguy''. He quickly developed a reputation as a character actor, and was cast in bigger roles, including one-half of the bickering Connecticut couple in the dark comedy ''The Ref'' (1994), a malicious Hollywood studio boss in the satire ''Swimming with Sharks'', and the malevolent office manager in the all-star ensemble film ''Glengarry Glen Ross'' (1992), gaining him positive notices by critics. His performance as the enigmatic criminal Verbal Kint in ''The Usual Suspects'' launched him to A-list status and won him the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor.

Spacey appeared in the 1995 thriller film ''Seven'', with Brad Pitt and Morgan Freeman, making a sudden and unexpected entrance late in the film as the serial killer John Doe, after going unmentioned in the film's advertisements and opening credits. His work in ''Seven'', ''The Usual Suspects'', and ''Outbreak'' earned him Best Supporting Actor honors at the 1995 Society of Texas Film Critics Awards.

Spacey played an egomaniacal district attorney in ''A Time to Kill'' (1996), and founded Trigger Street Productions in 1997, with the purpose of producing and developing entertainment across various media. He made his directorial debut with the film ''Albino Alligator'' (1996). The film was a failure at the box office, grossing $339,379 with a budget of $6 million, but critics praised Spacey's direction. He also did voice work in Pixar's ''A Bug's Life'' (1998) voicing the main antagonist Hopper, the leader of a vicious gang of grasshoppers.

Spacey won universal praise and a Best Actor Oscar for his role as a depressed suburban father who re-evaluates his life in 1999's ''American Beauty''; the same year, he was honored with a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. Spacey also earned another Tony nomination the same year for his work in a Broadway production of ''The Iceman Cometh''. During the several years following ''American Beauty'''s release, Spacey appeared in films that he believes hadn't done as well critically or in terms of box office. In 2001, Spacey co-hosted with Judi Dench ''Unite for the Future Gala'', the UK's fundraiser for the British Victims of 9/11 and Médecins Sans Frontières at London's Old Vic Theatre, produced by Harvey Goldsmith and Dominic Madden.

He played a physically and emotionally scarred grade school teacher in ''Pay It Forward'' (2000), a patient in a mental institution, who may or may not be an alien in ''K-Pax'' (2001), and singer Bobby Darin in ''Beyond the Sea'' (2004). ''Beyond The Sea'' was a lifelong dream project for Spacey, who took on co-writing, directing, co-producing and starring duties in the biography/musical about Darin's life, career, and relationship with actress Sandra Dee. Facing little interest for backing in the States, Spacey went to the UK and Germany for funding. Almost all of the movie was filmed in Berlin. Spacey provided his own vocals on the ''Beyond the Sea'' soundtrack and appeared in several tribute concerts around the time of the film's release. He received mostly positive reviews for his singing, as well as a Golden Globe nomination for his performance. However, reviewers criticized the age disparity between Spacey and Darin, noting that Spacey was too old to convincingly portray Darin, particularly during the early stages of the singer's life depicted in the film. Spacey has said that despite criticism, he is still proud of the film.

Spacey hosted ''Saturday Night Live'' twice: first in 1997 with musical guest Beck and special guests Michael Palin and John Cleese from ''Monty Python's Flying Circus''. In this episode, Spacey parodied Christopher Walken, Walter Matthau, and Jack Lemmon in a three-part pre-taped sketch about actors who auditioned for ''Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope''; and again in the last episode of season 31 with musical guest Nelly Furtado where Spacey played a detective in the sketch "Two A-Holes At A Crime Scene," one of the Falconer's past selves in Will Forte's sketch, "The Falconer," a parody of Neil Young, and as himself in a parody of ''The Usual Suspects''.

In 2006, Spacey played Lex Luthor in the Bryan Singer–directed superhero film, ''Superman Returns''. He was to return for its 2009 sequel, but it was recently revealed that there won't be a chronological sequel; it is currently unknown if he has been asked to resume the role in any future films. Spacey also appeared in ''Edison'', co-starring Morgan Freeman and Justin Timberlake; ''Edison'' received a direct-to-video release on July 18, 2006. In 2008, he played an MIT lecturer in the film ''21'', along with Kate Bosworth, Laurence Fishburne, and Jim Sturgess. The film is based on Ben Mezrich's best seller, ''Bringing Down the House: The Inside Story of Six MIT Students Who Took Vegas for Millions'', a story of student MIT card-counters who used mathematical probability to aid them in card games such as blackjack.

Spacey is well known in Hollywood for his impressions as when he appeared on ''Inside the Actors Studio'' he imitated, at host James Lipton's request: James Stewart, Johnny Carson, Katharine Hepburn, Clint Eastwood, John Gielgud, Marlon Brando, Christopher Walken, Al Pacino and Jack Lemmon.

Capitol/EMI's album ''Forever Cool'' (2007) features two duets with Spacey and the voice of the late Dean Martin: "Ain't That a Kick in the Head" and "King of the Road."

Spacey sits on the Board of Directors of the Motion Picture and Television Fund.

The Old Vic

In February 2003, Spacey announced that he was returning to London to become the artistic director of the Old Vic, one of the city's oldest theatres. Appearing at a press conference with Judi Dench and Elton John, he promised both to appear on stage and to bring in big-name talent. Spacey undertook to remain in the post for a full ten years. The Old Vic Theatre Company, in its current form, stages shows eight months out of the year. Spacey's first season started in September 2004, and opened with the British premiere of the play ''Cloaca'' by Maria Goos, directed by Spacey, which opened to mixed reviews. In the 2005 season, Spacey made his UK Shakespearean debut, to good notices, in the title role of ''Richard II'' directed by Trevor Nunn.

In mid-2006, Spacey felt he was having the time of his life working at the Old Vic. At this point in his career, he was "trying to do things now that are much bigger and outside himself". He performed in productions of ''National Anthems'' by Dennis McIntyre, and ''The Philadelphia Story'' by Philip Barry in which he played C. K. Dexter Haven, the Cary Grant role in the film version. Critics applauded Spacey's daring for taking on the management of a theatre, but noted that while his acting was impressive, his skills and judgment as a producer/manager had yet to develop.

In the 2006 season, Spacey suffered a major setback with a production of Arthur Miller's ''Resurrection Blues'', directed by Robert Altman. Despite an all-star cast (including Neve Campbell and Matthew Modine) and the pedigree of Miller's script, Spacey's decision to lure Altman to the stage proved disastrous: after a fraught rehearsal period, the play opened to a critical panning, and closed after only a few weeks. Later in the year, Spacey starred in Eugene O'Neill's ''A Moon for the Misbegotten'', along with Colm Meaney and Eve Best. The play received excellent reviews for Spacey and Best, and was transferred to Broadway in 2007. For the spring part of the 2007–08 season, Jeff Goldblum and Laura Michelle Kelly joined Spacey as the three characters in David Mamet's 1988 play ''Speed-the-Plow''.

In January 2009, he directed the premiere of Joe Sutton's ''Complicit'', with Richard Dreyfuss, David Suchet and Elizabeth McGovern.

In June 2009 it was announced that Trevor Nunn will return to direct Spacey in a revival of ''Inherit The Wind''. Previews were scheduled to begin in September 2009. Based on a true story of a teacher arrested for teaching his students evolution also known as the "Scopes Monkey Trial," Spacey plays defense lawyer Henry Drummond, a role that was made famous by actor Spencer Tracy in the 1960 film of the same name.

Other honors

Spacey was awarded an Doctor of Letters, ''honoris causa'' from the London South Bank University in November 2005.

In June 2008, he was appointed as Cameron Mackintosh Visiting Professor of Contemporary Theatre at St Catherine's College, Oxford, succeeding Patrick Stewart in the post. He was officially welcomed on October 13, 2008.

On November 3, 2010 he was invested as an honorary CBE by Prince Charles at Clarence House, on behalf of the Queen, for services to drama.

Personal life

In September 2006, Spacey announced his intention to stay on at the Old Vic for at least another nine years, and that due to his continuing UK residency he intends to take up British citizenship when it becomes available to him.

Spacey is a staunch Democrat and a friend of former US President Bill Clinton, having met Clinton before his presidency began. Spacey has described Clinton as "one of the shining lights" of the political process. According to Federal Election Commission data, Spacey has contributed US$42,000 to Democratic candidates and committees. He additionally made a cameo appearance in ''President Clinton: Final Days'', a light-hearted political satire produced by the Clinton administration for the White House Correspondents Dinner.

In September 2007, Spacey met Venezuelan president Hugo Chávez. Neither spoke to the press about their encounter but hours later the actor visited the government-funded movie studio, Villa del Cine (''Cinema City''). In December of that year he co-hosted the Nobel Peace Prize Concert with Uma Thurman.

Spacey has never married and staunchly protects his private life. This has generated rumors regarding his sexual orientation. He has stated that he is not gay in the October 1999 issue of ''Playboy'', in ''The Sunday Times'' Magazine (December 19, 1999) and in the May 2007 issue of ''Gotham Magazine''.

Voice actress April Winchell revealed in broadcasts of her KFI show, on her web diary and several other websites that she and Spacey dated for a while after high school during a run of the musical ''Gypsy'' and later went to New York together. Between 1992 and 2000, Spacey reportedly discreetly dated Dianne Dreyer, script supervisor to Anthony Minghella, M. Night Shyamalan and Sydney Pollack.

In March 2011, following Belarusian president Alexander Lukashenko's crackdown on the Belarusian democracy movement, Spacey, along with Jude Law and others, joined street protests against Lukashenko. Spacey's films and those of Law were subsequently banned in Belarus. Spacey stated: "They can ban as many films as they want but they will never be able to ban the Belarus people's right to fight for their freedom and their voices to be heard, and that's what this protest is about."

Filmography

! Year	! Title	! Role	Notes
1986		Subway Thief	First Motion Picture
1988	''Working Girl''	Bob Speck
1988	''Rocket Gibraltar''	Dwayne Hanson
1988	''Wiseguy''	Mel Profitt	television series
1989		Mario
1989	''See No Evil, Hear No Evil''	Kirgo
1991	''Henry & June''	Richard Osborn
1991	''Darrow (film)''	Clarence Darrow	Released in UK only
1991	''''	Frank Curtin
1992	''Consenting Adults''	Eddy Otis
1992		John Williamson
1994	''''	Lloyd Chasseur
1994	''Iron Will''	Harry Kingsley
1994	''Doomsday Gun''	Jim Price	HBO
1995		John Doe
1995	''''	Roger 'Verbal' Kint	|Seattle International Film Festival Award for Best Actor|Society of Texas Film Critics Award for Best Supporting Actor |Nominated — Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor - Motion Picture|Nominated — Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Supporting Role - Motion Picture}}
1995	''Swimming with Sharks''	Buddy Ackerman
1995		Maj. Casey Schuler
1996	''Looking for Richard''	Himself, Duke of Buckingham
1996	''''	D.A. Rufus Buckley
1997		James 'Jim' Williams	Society of Texas Film Critics Award for Best Actor
1997		Det. Sgt. Jack Vincennes
1997	''Albino Alligator''		director only
1998		Mickey
1998	''''	Lt. Chris Sabian
1998	''''		(voice)
1999		Lester Burnham
2000	''Ordinary Decent Criminal''	Michael Lynch	also producer
2000	''Pay It Forward''	Eugene Simonet
2000	''''	Larry Mann	also producer
2001	''''	Quoyle
2001		prot/Robert Porter
2001	''Shackleton's Antarctic Adventure''	Narrator	(voice)
2002	''Austin Powers in Goldmember''	Himself	playing Doctor Evil in a film
2003	''The Life of David Gale''	David Gale
2004		Bobby Darin
2004	''''	Albert T. Fitzgerald	also producer
2006		Wallace	Direct-to-video
2006	''Superman Returns''	Lex Luthor
2007	''Fred Claus''	Clyde Northcut
2008		Mickey Rosa
2008		Ron Klain
2009		Henry Carter
2009		Major Banks
2009		Robot, 'Gerty'	(voice)
2009	''''	Larry Hooper
2010	''Casino Jack''	Jack Abramoff	Nominated — Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy
2010	''Father of Invention''	Robert Axle
2010	''Margin Call''	Sam Rogers
2011	''Horrible Bosses''	Dave Harken
2011			post-production

Discography

Albums

+List of albums
! Year	! Title	! Notes
2004		Nominated—Grammy Award for Best Compilation Soundtrack Album for a Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Mediawith Phil Ramone

Singles

+List of singles
! Year	! Title	! Notes
1997

Live performances

"Mind Games" — ''Come Together: A Night for John Lennon's Words and Music'' — October 2, 2001 — Radio City Music Hall

References

External links

Interview with Kevin Spacey from April 2007

Kevin Spacey interview in the UK Independent on Sunday

Category:1959 births Category:Actors from California Category:Actors Studio alumni Category:American expatriates in the United Kingdom Category:American film actors Category:American film directors Category:American stage actors Category:American theatre directors Category:American voice actors Category:Artistic directors Category:Actor-managers Category:BAFTA winners (people) Category:Best Actor Academy Award winners Category:Best Actor BAFTA Award winners Category:Best Supporting Actor Academy Award winners Category:California Democrats Category:Commanders of the Order of the British Empire Category:Golden Orange Honorary Award winners Category:Juilliard School alumni Category:Living people Category:Olivier Award winners Category:Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture Screen Actors Guild Award winners Category:People associated with London South Bank University Category:People from Los Angeles County, California Category:People from South Orange, New Jersey Category:Tony Award winners

ar:كيفين سبيسي an:Kevin Spacey be-x-old:Кэвін Спэйсі bg:Кевин Спейси ca:Kevin Spacey cs:Kevin Spacey co:Kevin Spacey cy:Kevin Spacey da:Kevin Spacey de:Kevin Spacey el:Κέβιν Σπέισι es:Kevin Spacey eu:Kevin Spacey fa:کوین اسپیسی fr:Kevin Spacey ga:Kevin Spacey gl:Kevin Spacey ko:케빈 스페이시 hr:Kevin Spacey id:Kevin Spacey is:Kevin Spacey it:Kevin Spacey he:קווין ספייסי hu:Kevin Spacey nl:Kevin Spacey ja:ケヴィン・スペイシー no:Kevin Spacey pl:Kevin Spacey pt:Kevin Spacey ro:Kevin Spacey ru:Спейси, Кевин sq:Kevin Spacey simple:Kevin Spacey sl:Kevin Spacey sr:Кевин Спејси sh:Kevin Spacey fi:Kevin Spacey sv:Kevin Spacey tl:Kevin Spacey th:เควิน สเปซีย์ tr:Kevin Spacey uk:Кевін Спейсі vi:Kevin Spacey yo:Kevin Spacey zh:凱文·斯貝西

birth name	Dustin Lee Hoffman
birth date	August 08, 1937
birth place	Los Angeles, California, U.S.
occupation	Actor
years active	1960–present
spouse	Anne Byrne (1969–80)Lisa Gottsegen(1980–present)
other names	Sam Etic }}

Dustin Lee Hoffman (born August 8, 1937) is an American actor with a career in film, television, and theatre since 1960. He has been known for his versatile portrayals of antiheroes and vulnerable types of characters.

He first drew critical praise for the 1966 Off-Broadway play ''Eh?'' for which he won a Theatre World Award and a Drama Desk Award. This was soon followed by his breakthrough movie role as Benjamin Braddock in ''The Graduate'' (1967). Since then Hoffman's career has largely been focused in cinema with only sporadic returns to television and the stage. Some of his most noted films are ''Papillon'', ''Marathon Man'', ''Midnight Cowboy'', ''Little Big Man'', ''Lenny'', ''All the President's Men'', ''Kramer vs. Kramer'', ''Tootsie'', ''Rain Man'', ''Wag the Dog'', and ''Meet the Fockers''.

Hoffman has won two Academy Awards (for his performances in ''Kramer vs. Kramer'' and ''Rain Man''), five Golden Globes, three BAFTAs, three Drama Desk Awards, a Genie Award, and an Emmy Award. Dustin Hoffman received the AFI Life Achievement Award in 1999.

Early life

Hoffman was born in Los Angeles, the second son of Lillian (née Gold) and Harry Hoffman. His father worked as a prop supervisor/set decorator at Columbia Pictures before becoming a furniture salesman. Hoffman was named after stage and silent screen actor Dustin Farnum. His older brother, Ronald, is a lawyer and economist. Hoffman is from an Ashkenazi Jewish family of immigrants from Ukraine and Romania. His upbringing was not religious or observant. He graduated from Los Angeles High School in 1955 and enrolled at Santa Monica College with the intention of studying medicine, leaving after a year to join the Pasadena Playhouse.

Career

Early work

Hoffman began his acting career at the Pasadena Playhouse alongside future Academy Award winner Gene Hackman. After two years at the playhouse, Hackman headed for New York City with Hoffman soon following. Having considerable difficulty getting roles in part due to his unconventional countenance for an actor of that time, he took a series of odd jobs, including working as a restaurant coat checker, working in the typing department of the city Yellow Pages directory, and stringing Hawaiian leis. During this time period he would get an occasional bit television role but left acting briefly to teach in order to support himself. Hoffman would also occasionally do television commercials; an often-replayed segment on programs that explore actors' early work is a clip showing Hoffman touting the Volkswagen Fastback.

In 1960, Hoffman landed a role in an Off-Broadway production and followed with a walk-on role in a Broadway production in 1961. Hoffman then studied at the famed Actors Studio and became a dedicated method actor. Sidney Pink, a producer and 3D movie pioneer, discovered him in one of his Off-Broadway roles and cast him in ''Madigan's Millions''. His first critical success was in ''Eh?'' by Henry Livings which had its US premiere off-Broadway at the Circle in the Square Downtown on October 16, 1966.

Through the early and mid-1960s, Hoffman made appearances in television shows and movies, including ''Naked City'', ''The Defenders'' and ''Hallmark Hall of Fame''. Hoffman made his theatrical film debut in ''The Tiger Makes Out'' in 1967, alongside Eli Wallach.

In 1967, immediately after wrapping up principal filming on ''The Tiger Makes Out'', Hoffman flew from New York City to Fargo, North Dakota, where he directed a production of William Saroyan's ''The Time of Your Life'' for the Emma Herbst Community Theatre. The $1,000 he received for the eight-week contract was all he had to hold him over until the funds from the movie materialized.

Major roles

In 1966, Mike Nichols cast Hoffman in ''The Graduate'', which prevented him from appearing in the acclaimed Mel Brooks film, ''The Producers'' as Franz Liebkind. The film began production in March 1967. Hoffman received an Academy Award nomination for his performance and became a major star. Although he initially endured some anti-semitic derision for his unusual looks and ethnicity, Hoffman's outstanding success in this film and his numerous later acclaimed roles is credited with broadening the field of major film roles for other actors of once undesirable ethnicities

After the success of this film, another Hoffman film, ''Madigan's Millions'', shot before ''The Graduate'', was released on the tail of the actor's newfound success. It was considered a failure at the box office.

In December 1968, Hoffman returned to Broadway to appear in the title role of Murray Schisgal and John Sebastian's musical ''Jimmy Shine''. For his performance in the production Hoffman won a Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Performance. Just a few weeks after leaving the production, Hoffman's next major film ''Midnight Cowboy'' premiered in theatres across the United States on May 25, 1969. For his role as Ratso Rizzo in the film, Hoffman received his second Oscar nomination and the film won the Best Picture honor. This was followed by his role in ''Little Big Man'' (1970) where Jack Crabb, his character, ages from teenager to a 121-year-old man. The film was widely praised by critics, but was overlooked for an award except for a supporting nomination for Chief Dan George.

Hoffman continued to appear in major films over the next few years. ''Who Is Harry Kellerman and Why Is He Saying Those Terrible Things About Me?'' (1971), ''Straw Dogs'' (also 1971), and ''Papillon'' (1973) were followed by ''Lenny'' (1974), for which Hoffman received his third nomination for Best Actor in seven years.

Less than two years after the Watergate scandal, Hoffman and Robert Redford starred as Carl Bernstein and Bob Woodward, respectively, in ''All the President's Men'' (1976). Hoffman next starred in ''Marathon Man'' (also 1976), a film based on William Goldman's novel of the same name, opposite Laurence Olivier. Hoffman's next roles were less successful. He opted out of directing ''Straight Time'' (1978) but starred as a thief. His next film, Michael Apted's ''Agatha'', was with Vanessa Redgrave as Agatha Christie.

Hoffman next starred in Robert Benton's ''Kramer vs. Kramer'' (1979) as workaholic Ted Kramer whose wife (Meryl Streep) unexpectedly leaves him; he raises their son alone. Hoffman gained his first Academy Award, and the film also received the Best Picture honor, plus the awards for Best Supporting Actress (Streep) and Director.

In ''Tootsie'' (1982), Hoffman portrays Michael Dorsey, a struggling actor who finds himself dressing up as a woman to land a role on a soap opera. His co-star was Jessica Lange. ''Tootsie'' earned ten Academy Award nominations, including Hoffman's fifth nomination.

Hoffman then turned to television in the role of Willy Loman in ''Death of a Salesman'', for which he won the 1985 Emmy Award in the category of Outstanding Lead Actor in a TV Movie or Miniseries. He would also go on to win a Golden Globe for the same performance.

Hoffman's largest film failure was Elaine May's ''Ishtar'', with Warren Beatty. The film faced severe production problems, received almost completely negative reviews from critics and was nominated for three Razzie awards. However, Hoffman and Beatty liked the film's final cut and tried to defend it. Hoffmann and Beatty were unaffected by the flop, and ''Ishtar'' became a cult film. James House, who later became a country music artist, served as Hoffman's vocal coach in the film.

In director Barry Levinson's ''Rain Man'' (1988), Hoffman starred as an autistic savant, opposite Tom Cruise. Levinson, Hoffman and Cruise worked for two years on the film, and his performance garnered Hoffman his second Academy Award. Upon accepting, Hoffman stated softly to his fellow nominees that it was okay if they didn't vote for him because "I didn't vote for you guys either." After ''Rain Man'', Hoffman appeared with Sean Connery and Matthew Broderick in ''Family Business''. The film did relatively poorly with the critics and at the box office. In 1991, Hoffman voiced substitute teacher Mr. Bergstrom in ''The Simpsons'' episode "Lisa's Substitute", under the pseudonym Sam Etic. As a reference to this episode, during the episode featuring the Itchy & Scratchy movie, Lisa claims that Dustin Hoffman had a cameo in that movie but didn't use his real name.

Throughout the 1990s, Hoffman appeared in many large, studio films, such as ''Dick Tracy'' (1990) (where his ''Ishtar'' co-star Beatty plays the titular character), ''Hero'' (1992) and the ill-fated ''Billy Bathgate'' (1991) co-starring with Nicole Kidman who was nominated for a Golden Globe). Hoffman also played the title role of Captain Hook in Steven Spielberg's ''Hook'' (also 1991), earning a Golden Globe nomination; in this movie, Hoffman's costume was so heavy that he had to wear an air-conditioned suit under it. Hoffman played the lead role in ''Outbreak'' (1995), alongside Rene Russo, Kevin Spacey, Morgan Freeman, Cuba Gooding Jr. and Donald Sutherland. Following that, he appeared in the 1996 revenge-drama/legal-thriller ''Sleepers'' (1996) with Brad Pitt, Jason Patric, and Kevin Bacon.

It was in the mid-1990s that Hoffman starred in—and was deeply involved in the production of—David Mamet's ''American Buffalo'' (also 1996), one of the very few "pure art projects" he is known for, and an early effort of film editor Kate Sanford. In 1997, Hoffman starred opposite John Travolta in the Costa Gavras film ''Mad City'' and gained his seventh Academy Award nomination for his performance in ''Wag The Dog'', in a role that allowed Hoffman the chance to work with both Robert De Niro and Dennis Leary. He next appeared in Barry Levinson's adaptation of ''Sphere'' (1998), opposite Sharon Stone, Samuel L. Jackson, Peter Coyote, Queen Latifah and Liev Schreiber. Hoffman next appeared in ''Moonlight Mile'' (2002), followed by ''Confidence'' (2003) opposite Edward Burns, Andy García and Rachel Weisz. Hoffman would finally have a chance to work with Gene Hackman, in Gary Fleder's ''Runaway Jury'' (also 2003), an adaptation of John Grisham's bestselling novel.

Hoffman played theater owner Charles Frohman in the J. M. Barrie historical fantasia ''Finding Neverland'' (2004), costarring Johnny Depp and Kate Winslet. In director David O. Russell's ''I Heart Huckabees'' (also 2004), Hoffman appeared opposite Lily Tomlin as an existential detective team.

Seven years after his nomination for ''Wag the Dog'', Hoffman got a second opportunity to perform again with Robert De Niro, co-starring with Barbra Streisand and Ben Stiller in the 2004 comedy ''Meet the Fockers'', a sequel to ''Meet the Parents'' (2000). Hoffman won the 2005 MTV Movie Award for Best Comedic Performance. In 2005, he voiced a horse in ''Racing Stripes'', and appeared in cameo roles in Andy García's ''The Lost City'' and on the final episode of HBO sitcom ''Curb Your Enthusiasm'''s fifth season. Hoffman appeared in ''Stranger than Fiction'' (2006), played the perfumer Giuseppe Baldini in Tom Tykwer's film ''Perfume: The Story of a Murderer'' (also 2006) and had a cameo in the same year's ''The Holiday''.

In 2007, he was featured in an advertising campaign for Australian telecommunications company Telstra's Next G network, appeared in the 50 Cent video "Follow My Lead" as a psychiatrist, and played the title character in the family film ''Mr. Magorium's Wonder Emporium''. In 2008, although he was reluctant to perform in an animated film, Hoffman had a prominent role as Shifu in the acclaimed film ''Kung Fu Panda'', which was praised in part for his comedic chemistry with Jack Black and his character's poignantly complex relationship with the story's villain. He later won the Annie Award for Voice Acting in an Animated Feature for ''Kung Fu Panda'' and has continued into the role in the franchise's subsequent filmed productions outside of the upcoming television series. He next voiced Roscuro in ''The Tale of Despereaux'' and played the title character in ''Last Chance Harvey''.

Hoffman will be starring in the HBO horse-racing drama ''Luck'', as a man involved in activities such as bookmaking and casino operations. He will also direct ''Quartet'', a BBC Films comedy starring Maggie Smith and Albert Finney. He also appeared in ''Little Fockers'', the critically panned, 2010 sequel to ''Meet the Fockers'', this time in a much smaller role. In 2011, Hoffman reprised his role as Shifu in ''Kung Fu Panda 2''.

Personal life

Hoffman married Anne Byrne in May 1969. The couple had two children, Karina (b. 1966) and Jenna (born October 15, 1970). Karina is adopted. The couple divorced in 1980. He married attorney Lisa Hoffman (née Gottsegen) in October 1980; they have four children – Jacob Edward (born March 20, 1981), Rebecca (b. March 17, 1983), Maxwell Geoffrey (born August 30, 1984), and Alexandra Lydia (born October 27, 1987). Hoffman also has two grandchildren. In an interview, he said that all of his children from his second marriage had bar or bat mitzvahs and that he is a more observant Jew now than when he was younger; he also lamented that he is not fluent in Hebrew. In 1970, Hoffman and Byrne were living in Greenwich Village in a building next door to the townhouse destroyed by members of The Weatherman when they detonated a bomb in the building's basement, killing three people. In the 2002 documentary ''The Weather Underground'', Hoffman can be seen standing in the street during the aftermath of the explosion.

A political liberal, Hoffman has long supported the Democratic Party and Ralph Nader. In 1997, he was one of a number of Hollywood stars and executives to sign an open letter to then-German Chancellor Helmut Kohl, published as a newspaper advertisement in the ''International Herald Tribune'', which protested the treatment of Scientologists in Germany.

Robert Duvall was a roommate of Hoffman's during the early years of their careers in New York City.

There were many rumors and discussions in July 2010 about Hoffman canceling his appearance at the Jerusalem Film Festival as a reaction to the Gaza flotilla raid. However, his representatives told ''The New York Times'' there was “no truth” to this report.

In 2009, he received the freedom of the Italian city Ascoli Piceno for being there during 1972 to shoot the movie ''Alfredo, Alfredo'' by Pietro Germi, where he played the role of Alfredo Sbisà.

Filmography and awards

Year	Film	Role	Notes
	''The Tiger Makes Out''	Hap
''The Graduate''	Benjamin Braddock
1968	''Madigan's Millions''	Jason Fister
	''Sunday Father''	A 'Sunday Father'	short subject
''Midnight Cowboy''	Enrico "Ratso" Rizzo	BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role also for ''John and Mary (film)
	John	[[BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role also for ''Midnight Cowboy''Nominated – Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy
1970		Jack Crabb	Nominated – BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role
	''On Location: Dustin Hoffman''	Himself	short subject
	Georgie Soloway
''Straw Dogs''	David Sumner
1972	''Alfredo, Alfredo''	Alfredo Sbisà
1973		Louis Dega
1974		Lenny Bruce	Nominated – Academy Award for Best ActorNominated – BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading RoleNominated – Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama
	''The Magic of Hollywood... Is the Magic of People''	Himself	short subject
	Carl Bernstein
	Babe Levy	Nominated – BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role also for ''All the President's Men (film)
1978	''[[Straight Time''	Max Dembo	also producer
		Wally Stanton	National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Actor also for ''Kramer vs. Kramer''
''Kramer vs. Kramer''	Ted Kramer	Academy Award for Best ActorDavid di Donatello for Best Actor
1982	''[[Tootsie''	Michael Dorsey / Dorothy Michaels	BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading RoleBoston Society of Film Critics Award for Best ActorGolden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or ComedyNational Society of Film Critics Award for Best ActorNominated – Academy Award for Best Actor
1984	''Terror in the Aisles''		archival footage
1985		Willy Loman	Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor – Miniseries or a Movie
1986	''Private Conversations''	Himself	documentary
1987		Chuck Clarke
1988	''[[Rain Man''	Raymond Babbitt
	''Common Threads: Stories from the Quilt''	Narrator	documentary
	Vito McMullen
1990		Mumbles
		Dutch Schultz
	Captain Hook	Nominated – Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy
		Bernard 'Bernie' Laplante	Extra : Man at the bar 35:07 into Basic Instinct
''Horton Hears a Who!''	Narrator
1993	''La Classe américaine''	Peter	in archive footage only
1994	''Jonas in the Desert''	Himself	documentary
1995		Colonel Sam Daniels
		Walt 'Teach' Teacher
	Danny Snyder
			Golden Globe Cecil B. DeMille Award
	Max Brackett
''Wag the Dog''	Stanley Motss	Nominated – Academy Award for Best ActorNominated – Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or ComedyNominated – Satellite Award for Best Actor - Motion Picture Musical or ComedyNominated – Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Leading Role
1998		Dr. Norman Goodman
1999	''The Messenger: The Story of Joan of Arc''	The Conscience
	''Tuesday''	Narrator	short subject
''Goldwyn''	Narrator	documentary
		Ben Floss
''Liberty's Kids''	''Benedict Arnold''	voice
	''The Shakespeare Sessions''	Himself	documentary
	Winston King
''Runaway Jury''	Wendell Rohr
	''Freedom2speak v2.0''	Himself – Actor, USA	documentary
''Finding Neverland''	Charles Frohman	Nominated – Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion Picture
''I Heart Huckabees''	Bernard
''Meet the Fockers''	Bernie Focker	MTV Movie Award for Best Comedic Performance
''Lemony Snicket's A Series of Unfortunate Events''	The Critic	uncredited
	''Racing Stripes''	Tucker	voice
	Meyer Lansky
		Giuseppe Baldini
	Professor Jules Hilbert
''The Holiday''	Himself	uncredited
2007	''Mr. Magorium's Wonder Emporium''	Mr. Edward Magorium, Avid Shoe-Wearer
	''Kung Fu Panda''	Master Shifu
	Roscuro	voice
''Last Chance Harvey''	Harvey Shine	Nominated – Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy
		Izzy	Genie Award for Best Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role
''Jews and Baseball: An American Love Story''	Narrator	documentary
''Little Fockers''	Bernie Focker
	''Kung Fu Panda 2''	Master Shifu	voice
	unknown	in production

References

External links

Simply Dustin Hoffman

Top Dustin Hoffman Films

Dustin Hoffman video interview at stv.tv, December 2007

Category:1937 births Category:Actors from California Category:Actors Studio alumni Category:American film actors Category:American Jews Category:American stage actors Category:American voice actors Category:BAFTA winners (people) Category:Best Actor Academy Award winners Category:Best Actor BAFTA Award winners Category:Best Drama Actor Golden Globe (film) winners Category:Best Miniseries or Television Movie Actor Golden Globe winners Category:Best Musical or Comedy Actor Golden Globe (film) winners Category:Drama Desk Award winners Category:American people of Ukrainian-Jewish descent Category:American people of Romanian-Jewish descent Category:Jewish actors Category:Living people Category:Obie Award recipients Category:Royal Shakespeare Company members Category:Theatre World Award winners Category:Genie Award winners for Best Supporting Actor

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