September 13 is the 256th day of the year (257th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 109 days remaining until the end of the year.

Events[link]

• 585 BC – Lucius Tarquinius Priscus, king of Rome, celebrates a triumph for his victories over the Sabines, and the surrender of Collatia.
• 509 BC – The Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus on Rome's Capitoline Hill is dedicated on the ides of September.
• 122 – Construction of Hadrian's Wall begins.
• 335 – Emperor Constantine the Great consecrated the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem.
• 533 – General Belisarius of the Byzantine Empire defeats Gelimer and the Vandals at the Battle of Ad Decimium, near Carthage, North Africa.
• 1213 – End of Battle of Muret, during the Albigensian Crusade to destroy the Cathar heresy.
• 1229 – Ögedei Khan is proclaimed Khagan of the Mongol Empire in Kodoe Aral, Khentii: Mongolia.
• 1501 – Michelangelo begins work on his statue of David.
• 1504 – Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand issue a Royal Warrant for the construction of a Royal Chapel (Capilla Real) to be built.
• 1541 – After three years of exile, John Calvin returns to Geneva to reform the church under a body of doctrine known as Calvinism.
• 1584 – San Lorenzo del Escorial Palace in Madrid is finished.
• 1609 – Henry Hudson reaches the river that would later be named after him – the Hudson River.
• 1743 – Great Britain, Austria and Savoy-Sardinia sign the Treaty of Worms.
• 1759 – Battle of the Plains of Abraham: British defeat French near Quebec City in the Seven Years' War, known in the United States as the French and Indian War.
• 1782 – American Revolutionary War: Franco-Spanish troops launch the unsuccessful "grand assault" during the Great Siege of Gibraltar.
• 1788 – The Philadelphia Convention sets the date for the first presidential election in the United States, and New York City becomes the country's temporary capital.
• 1791 – King Louis XVI of France accepts the new constitution.
• 1808 – Finnish War: In the Battle of Jutas, Swedish forces under Lieutenant General Georg Carl von Döbeln beat the Russians, making von Döbeln a Swedish war hero.
• 1812 – War of 1812: A supply wagon sent to relieve Fort Harrison is ambushed in the Attack at the Narrows.
• 1814 – In a turning point in the War of 1812, the British fail to capture Baltimore, Maryland.
• 1843 – The Greek Army rebels (OS date: September 3) against the autocratic rule of king Otto of Greece, demanding the granting of a constitution.
• 1847 – Mexican-American War: Six teenage military cadets known as Niños Héroes die defending Chapultepec Castle in the Battle of Chapultepec. American troops under General Winfield Scott capture Mexico City in the Mexican-American War.
• 1848 – Vermont railroad worker Phineas Gage survives a 3-foot (0.91 m)-plus iron rod being driven through his head; the reported effects on his behavior and personality stimulate thinking about the nature of the brain and its functions.
• 1850 – First ascent of Piz Bernina, the highest summit of the eastern Alps.
• 1862 – American Civil War: Union soldiers find a copy of Robert E. Lee's battle plans in a field outside Frederick, Maryland. It is the prelude to the Battle of Antietam.
• 1882 – The Battle of Tel el-Kebir is fought in the 1882 Anglo-Egyptian War.
• 1898 – Hannibal Goodwin patents celluloid photographic film.
• 1899 – Henry Bliss is the first person in the United States to be killed in an automobile accident.
• 1899 – Mackinder, Ollier and Brocherel make the first ascent of Batian (5,199 m – 17,058 ft), the highest peak of Mount Kenya.
• 1900 – Filipino resistance fighters defeat a small American column in the Battle of Pulang Lupa, during the Philippine-American War.
• 1906 – First flight of a fixed-wing aircraft in Europe.
• 1914 – World War I: South African troops open hostilities in German south-west Africa (Namibia) with an assault on the Ramansdrift police station.
• 1914 – World War I: The Battle of Aisne begins between Germany and France.
• 1922 – The temperature at 'Aziziya, Libya reaches a world record 57.8 °C (136.0 °F).
• 1922 – The final act of the Greco-Turkish War, the Great Fire of Smyrna, commences.
• 1923 – Following a military coup in Spain, Miguel Primo de Rivera takes over, setting up a dictatorship.
• 1933 – Elizabeth McCombs becomes the first woman elected to the New Zealand Parliament.
• 1935 – Rockslide near Whirlpool Rapids Bridge ends the International Railway (New York – Ontario).
• 1942 – World War II: Second day of the Battle of Edson's Ridge in the Guadalcanal campaign. U.S. Marines successfully defeated attacks by the Imperial Japanese Army with heavy losses for the Japanese forces.
• 1943 – The Municipal Theatre of Corfu is destroyed during an aerial bombardment by Luftwaffe.
• 1948 – Deputy Primer Minister of India Vallabhbhai Patel ordered the Army to move into the Hyderabad to integrate it with Indian Union.
• 1948 – Margaret Chase Smith is elected senator, and becomes the first woman to serve in both the U.S. House of Representatives and the United States Senate.
• 1953 – Nikita Khrushchev is appointed secretary-general of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
• 1956 – The dike around the Dutch polder East Flevoland is closed.
• 1956 – IBM introduces the first computer disk storage unit, the RAMAC 305.
• 1964 – South Vietnamese Generals Lam Van Phat and Duong Van Duc fail in a coup attempt against General Nguyen Khanh.
• 1968 – Albania leaves the Warsaw Pact.
• 1971 – State police and National Guardsmen storm New York's Attica Prison to end a prison revolt.
• 1971 – People's Republic of China: Chairman Mao Zedong's second in command and successor Marshal Lin Biao flees the country via plane after the failure of alleged coup against Mao. The plane crashes in Mongolia, killing all aboard.
• 1979 – South Africa grants independence to the "homeland" of Venda (not recognised outside South Africa).
• 1987 – Goiânia accident: A radioactive object is stolen from an abandoned hospital in Goiânia, Brazil, contaminating many people in the following weeks and causing some to die from radiation poisoning.
• 1988 – Hurricane Gilbert is the strongest recorded hurricane in the Western Hemisphere, later replaced by Hurricane Wilma in 2005 (based on barometric pressure).
• 1989 – Largest anti-Apartheid march in South Africa, led by Desmond Tutu.
• 1993 – Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin shakes hands with PLO chairman Yasser Arafat at the White House after signing the Oslo Accords granting limited Palestinian autonomy.
• 1994 – Ulysses probe passes the Sun's south pole.
• 2001 – Civilian aircraft traffic resumes in the U.S. after the September 11, 2001 attacks.
• 2007 – The Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples is adopted by the United Nations General Assembly.
• 2008 – Delhi, India, is hit by a series of bomb blasts, resulting in 30 deaths and 130 injuries.
• 2008 – Hurricane Ike makes landfall on the Texas Gulf Coast of the United States, causing heavy damage to Galveston Island, Houston and surrounding areas.

Births[link]

• 64 – Julia Flavia, daughter of Roman Emperor Titus (d. 91)
• 678 – K'inich Ahkal Mo' Naab' III, Ruler of Palenque (d. 730)
• 786 – Al-Ma'mun, Abbasid caliph (d. 833)
• 1087 – John II Komnenos, Byzantine Emperor (d. 1143)
• 1475 – Cesare Borgia, Italian aristocrat (d. 1507)
• 1502 – John Leland, English antiquarian (d. 1552)
• 1521 – William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley, English statesman (d. 1598)
• 1583 – Girolamo Frescobaldi, Ferrarese keyboardist and composer (d. 1643)
• 1594 – Francesco Manelli, Italian composer, particularly of opera; and theorbo player (d. 1667)
• 1601 – Jan Brueghel the Younger, Flemish Baroque painter (d. 1678)
• 1604 – William Brereton, English soldier and politician (d. 1661)
• 1676 – Élisabeth Charlotte d'Orléans, Duchess of Lorraine (d. 1741)
• 1694 – Yeongjo of Joseon, ruler of Korea (d. 1776)
• 1766 – Samuel Wilson, possible namesake of Uncle Sam (d. 1854)
• 1775 – Laura Secord, Canadian war heroine (d. 1868)
• 1802 – Arnold Ruge, German philosopher and writer (d. 1880)
• 1813 – John Sedgwick, American Civil War general (d. 1864)
• 1819 – Clara Schumann, German pianist and composer (d. 1896)
• 1830 – Marie von Ebner-Eschenbach, Austrian writer (d. 1916)
• 1842 – John H. Bankhead, U.S. Senator (d. 1920)
• 1851 – Walter Reed, American physician and biologist (d. 1902)
• 1857 – Michał Drzymała, Polish peasant rebel (d. 1937)
• 1857 – Milton S. Hershey, American confectioner (d. 1945)
• 1860 – John J. Pershing, American general (d. 1948)
• 1863 – Arthur Henderson, British politician and union leader, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (d. 1935)
• 1865 – William Birdwood, 1st Baron Birdwood, British general (d. 1951)
• 1873 – Constantin Carathéodory, Greek mathematician (d. 1950)
• 1874 – Henry Fountain Ashurst, American politician (d. 1962)
• 1874 – Arnold Schoenberg, Austrian-born composer (d. 1951)
• 1876 – Sherwood Anderson, American writer (d. 1941)
• 1877 – Wilhelm Filchner, German explorer (d. 1957)
• 1877 – Stanley Lord, captain of the SS Californian the night of the Titanic disaster (d. 1962)
• 1880 – Jesse L. Lasky, American film producer (d. 1958)
• 1882 – Ramón Grau, Cuban president (d. 1969)
• 1885 – Wilhelm Blaschke, Austrian geometer (d. 1962)
• 1886 – Amelie Beese, German aviator and sculptor. (d. 1925)
• 1886 – Sir Robert Robinson, British chemist, Nobel laureate (d. 1975)
• 1887 – Lavoslav Ružička, Croatian chemist, Nobel laureate (d. 1976)
• 1893 – Larry Shields, American musician (d. 1953)
• 1894 – J.B. Priestley, English playwright and novelist (d. 1984)
• 1894 – Julian Tuwim, Polish poet (d. 1953)
• 1895 – Morris Kirksey, American rugby player (d. 1981)
• 1898 – Roger Désormière, French conductor (d. 1963)
• 1899 – Corneliu Zelea Codreanu, leader of the Iron Guard (d. 1938)
• 1903 – Claudette Colbert, American actress (d. 1996)
• 1904 – Gladys George, American stage and screen actress (d. 1954)
• 1908 – Karolos Koun, Greek theater director (d. 1987)
• 1908 – Sicco Mansholt, Dutch statesmand (d.1995)
• 1909 – Ray Bowden, English footballer (d. 1998)
• 1909 – Frits Thors, Dutch newscaster
• 1910 – Stefanos Natsinas, Greek politician (d. 1976)
• 1911 – Bill Monroe, American musician (d. 1996)
• 1914 – Leonard Feather, British jazz pianist, composer, journalist (d. 1994)
• 1916 – Roald Dahl, British writer (d. 1990)
• 1917 – Robert Ward, American composer
• 1918 – Dick Haymes, Argentine singer and actor (d. 1980)
• 1919 – Mary Midgley, British philosopher
• 1922 – Charles Brown, American singer and pianist (d. 1999)
• 1922 – Yma Sumac, Peruvian singer (d. 2008)
• 1923 – Edouard Boubat, French photographer (d. 1999)
• 1924 – Norman Alden, American actor
• 1924 – Harold Blair, Australian tenor, Aboriginal activist (d. 1976)
• 1924 – Scott Brady, American film actor (d. 1985)
• 1924 – Maurice Jarre, French composer (d. 2009)
• 1925 – Mel Tormé, American singer (d. 1999)
• 1926 – Emile Francis, Canadian ice hockey player and executive
• 1927 – Tzannis Tzannetakis, Greek politician, Prime Minister of Greece (d. 2010)
• 1929 – Nicolai Ghiaurov, Bulgarian opera singer (d. 2004)
• 1930 – Robert Gavron, Baron Gavron, British printing millionaire
• 1931 – Barbara Bain, American actress
• 1931 – Robert Bédard, Canadian tennis player
• 1931 – Marjorie Jackson-Nelson, Australian Olympic athlete, Governor of South Australia
• 1933 – Eileen Fulton, American actress
• 1933 – Donald Mackay, Australian anti-drugs campaigner (d. 1977)
• 1936 – Stefano Delle Chiaie, Italian neo-Nazi
• 1936 – Joe E. Tata, American actor
• 1937 – Don Bluth, American animator
• 1938 – Judith Martin, American etiquette writer
• 1938 – John Smith, Labour Party Leader 1992 – 1994 (d. 1994)
• 1939 – Arleen Auger, American soprano (d. 1993)
• 1939 – Richard Kiel, American actor
• 1939 – Joel-Peter Witkin, American photographer
• 1940 – Óscar Arias, Costa Rican politician, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize
• 1940 – Kerry Stokes, Australian billionaire businessman
• 1941 – Tadao Ando, Japanese architect
• 1941 – Ahmet Necdet Sezer, 10th President of Turkey
• 1941 – David Clayton-Thomas, Canadian singer (Blood, Sweat & Tears)
• 1942 – Michel Côté, Canadian politician
• 1944 – Carol Barnes, British newsreader (d. 2009)
• 1944 – Jacqueline Bisset, British actress
• 1944 – Peter Cetera, American musician (Chicago)
• 1944 – Midget Farrelly, Australian surfer
• 1944 – Leslie Harvey, Scottish rock guitarist (d.1972)
• 1945 – Noël Godin, Belgian humorist
• 1945 – Andres Küng, Swedish-Estonian politician, journalist (d. 2002)
• 1946 – Frank Marshall, American film producer
• 1948 – Nell Carter, American actress (d. 2003)
• 1948 – Dimitri Nanopoulos, Greek physicist
• 1948 – Sitiveni Rabuka, Fijian revolutionary and politician
• 1949 – Fred "Sonic" Smith, American guitarist (MC5) (d. 1994)
• 1949 – John W. Henry, American businessman and Liverpool F.C owner
• 1950 – Wlodzimierz Cimoszewicz, Polish politician
• 1950 – Jacky Robert, French-born American chef
• 1950 – Klaus Wunder, German footballer
• 1951 – Jean Smart, American actress
• 1952 – Randy Jones, American musician (Village People)
• 1952 – Raymond O'Connor, American actor
• 1952 – Don Was, American singer
• 1954 – Steve Kilbey, English musician (The Church)
• 1955 – Joe Morris, American musician
• 1956 – Alain Ducasse, French/Monégasque chef
• 1956 – Anne Geddes, Australian photographer
• 1957 – Vinny Appice, American musician (Black Sabbath, Dio, Heaven and Hell)
• 1957 – Judy Blumberg, American ice dancer
• 1957 – Mal Donaghy, Northern Irish footballer
• 1957 – John G. Trueschler, American politician
• 1958 – Paweł Przytocki, Polish conductor
• 1958 – Bobby Davro, British Comedian
• 1959 – Tatyana Mitkova, Russian news anchor
• 1960 – Greg Baldwin, American voice actor
• 1961 – Dave Mustaine, American musician (Metallica, Megadeth)
• 1961 – KK Null, Japanese musician
• 1961 – Fiona, American rock music singer and actress
• 1961 – Peter Roskam, American politician
• 1962 – Tõnu Õnnepalu, Estonian poet and author
• 1963 – Theodoros Roussopoulos, Greek politician
• 1964 – Tavis Smiley, American talk show host, journalist and author
• 1965 – Annie Duke, American poker player
• 1965 – Jeffrey Ross, American comedian
• 1965 – Zak Starkey, British musician
• 1966 – Maria Furtwängler, German physician
• 1966 – Louis Mandylor, Australian actor
• 1967 – Michael Johnson, American athlete
• 1967 – Tim "Ripper" Owens, American singer (Iced Earth, ex-Judas Priest)
• 1967 – Stephen Perkins, American percussionist/drummer (Jane's Addiction)
• 1968 – Brad Johnson, American football player
• 1968 – Emma Sjöberg, Swedish model
• 1968 – Bernie Williams, Puerto Rican baseball player
• 1969 – Ilka Knickenberg, German actress
• 1969 – Tyler Perry, American actor and filmmaker
• 1969 – Shane Warne, Australian cricketer
• 1970 – Martín Herrera, former Argentine footballer
• 1970 – Louise Lombard, British actress
• 1970 – Andrea Mantegna, Italian painter
• 1970 – Lee Abramson, Musician, Independent Presidential Candidate
• 1970 – Jason Scott Sadofsky, American programmer
• 1971 – Goran Ivanišević, Croatian tennis player
• 1971 – Manabu Namiki, Japanese composer
• 1971 – Stella McCartney, English fashion designer
• 1973 – Christine Arron, French runner
• 1973 – Kelly Chen, Chinese singer
• 1973 – Fabio Cannavaro, Italian footballer
• 1973 – Mahima Chaudhry, Indian actress
• 1974 – Travis Knight, American basketball player
• 1974 – Éric Lapointe, Canadian football player
• 1974 – Keith Murray, American rapper
• 1974 – Craig Rivet, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1975 – Akihiro Asai, Japanese racing driver
• 1975 – Joe Don Rooney, American musician (Rascal Flatts)
• 1976 – Craig McMillan, New Zealand cricketer
• 1976 – José Théodore, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1977 – Fiona Apple, American singer
• 1977 – Ivan De Battista, Maltese actor and singer
• 1977 – Daisuke Tsuda, Japanese singer (Maximum the Hormone)
• 1978 – Megan Henning, American actress
• 1978 – Peter Sunde, Scandinavian entrepreneur
• 1979 – Geike Arnaert, Belgian singer (Hooverphonic)
• 1979 – Ivan Miljković, Serbian volleyball player
• 1980 – Han Chae Young, South Korean actress and model
• 1980 – Daisuke Matsuzaka, Japanese baseball player
• 1980 – Evangelos Nastos, Greek footballer
• 1980 – Viren Rasquinha, Indian hockey player
• 1980 – Ben Savage, American actor
• 1981 – August, American pornographic actress
• 1981 – Koldo Fernández, Spanish cyclist
• 1981 – Angelina Love, Canadian professional wrestler
• 1982 – Lloyd Dyer, English footballer
• 1982 – Nenê, Brazilian basketball player
• 1982 – Miha Zupan, Slovenian basketball player
• 1983 – James Bourne, English musician
• 1984 – Nabil Abou-Harb, American filmmaker
• 1985 – Emi Suzuki, Japanese model
• 1986 – Kamui Kobayashi Japanese racing driver.
• 1985 – David Jordan, English singer-songwriter
• 1986 – Derek Hardman, American football player
• 1986 – Kamui Kobayashi, Japanese racing driver
• 1986 – Brian Visser, American footballer
• 1986 – Sean Williams, American basketball player
• 1987 – Edenilson Bergonsi, Brazilian footballer
• 1987 – G.NA, Canadian/South Korean singer
• 1987 – Luke Fitzgerald, Irish rugby union footballer
• 1987 – Tsvetana Pironkova, Bulgarian tennis player
• 1988 – Keith Treacy, Irish footballer
• 1988 – John Park, Korean-American singer
• 1989 – Thomas Müller, German footballer
• 1994 – Anna Schmiedlová, Slovak tennis player
• 1995 – Robbie Kay, British actor

Deaths[link]

• 81 – Titus, Roman emperor (b. 39)
• 1506 – Andrea Mantegna, Italian painter
• 1557 – John Cheke, English classical scholar and statesman (b. 1514)
• 1592 – Michel de Montaigne, French writer (b. 1533)
• 1598 – Philip II, King of Spain (b. 1526)
• 1624 – Ketevan of Kakheti, Christian martyr, Queen of Kakheti in Georgia (b. 1565)
• 1632 – Archduke Leopold V of Austria, regent of the Tirol (b. 1586)
• 1759 – James Wolfe, British general (b. 1727)
• 1766 – Benjamin Heath, English classical scholar (b. 1704)
• 1800 – Claude Martin, French then British General (b. 1735)
• 1806 – Charles James Fox, English politician (b. 1749)
• 1808 – Saverio Bettinelli, Italian writer (b. 1718)
• 1813 – Hezqeyas of Ethiopia, deposed Emperor of Ethiopia
• 1815 – Mihály Gáber, Slovene writer in Hungary (b. 1753)
• 1847 – Nicolas Oudinot, French marshal (b. 1767)
• 1872 – Ludwig Andreas Feuerbach, German philosopher (b. 1804)
• 1881 – Ambrose Burnside, American Civil War general and politician (b. 1824)
• 1885 – Friedrich Kiel, Austrian composer (b. 1821)
• 1894 – Emmanuel Chabrier, French composer (b. 1841)
• 1905 – René Goblet, French politician (b. 1828)
• 1910 – Rajanikanta Sen, Bengali poet and music composer (b. 1865)
• 1912 – Joseph Furphy, Australian novelist (as "Tom Collins"; b. 1843)
• 1912 – Maresuke Nogi, Japanese general (b. 1849)
• 1915 – Stefanos Granitsas, Greek writer and journalist (b. 1880)
• 1915 – Andrew L. Harris, American Civil War hero and Governor of Ohio (b. 1835)
• 1916 – Mary the elephant, large elephant,hanged for stepping on her trainer.
• 1928 – Italo Svevo, Italian author (b. 1861)
• 1941 – Elias Disney, Canadian father of Walt Disney and Roy O. Disney (b. 1859)
• 1944 – W. Heath Robinson, English cartoonist and illustrator (b. 1872)
• 1946 – Eugene Lanceray, Russian painter (b. 1875)
• 1946 – Amon Göth, commandant of Nazi concentration camp (b. 1908)
• 1946 – William Watt, Premier of Victoria, Speaker of the Australian House of Representatives (b. 1871)
• 1949 – August Krogh, Danish zoophysiologist, Nobel laureate (b. 1874)
• 1960 – Leo Weiner, Hungarian composer and music educator (b. 1885)
• 1965 – Jean B. Fletcher, American architect (b. 1915)
• 1967 – Sir Robert George, British RAF officer and Governor of South Australia (b. 1896)
• 1971 – Lin Biao, Chinese Marshal and political leader.(b.1907)
• 1973 – Betty Field, American actress (b. 1913)
• 1973 – Sajjad Zaheer, Urdu writer and revolutionary (b. 1905)
• 1976 – Albert Tessier, French Canadian priest, historian and film maker (b. 1895)
• 1976 – Armand Mondou, French Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1905)
• 1977 – Leopold Stokowski, English conductor (b. 1882)
• 1985 – Dane Rudhyar, French-US author, composer, astrologer (b. 1895)
• 1987 – Mervyn LeRoy, American film director (b. 1900)
• 1991 – Robert Irving, British conductor (b. 1913)
• 1991 – Metin Oktay, Turkish football player (b. 1936)
• 1991 – Joe Pasternak, American film director (b. 1901)
• 1993 – Carl Voss, American ice hockey player (b. 1907)
• 1996 – Tupac Shakur, aka 2Pac, American rapper and actor (b. 1971)
• 1997 – Georges Guétary, French singer and actor (b. 1915)
• 1997 – Georgios Mitsibonas, Greek footballer (b. 1962)
• 1998 – Harry Lumley, Canadian ice hockey player (b. 1926)
• 1998 – Sir Frank Renouf, New Zealand business tycoon (b. 1918)
• 1998 – George Wallace, American politician (b. 1919)
• 1999 – Benjamin Bloom, American educational theorist (b. 1913)
• 2000 – Betty Jeffrey, Australian nurse, World War II Japanese prisoner (b. 1908)
• 2001 – Jaroslav Drobný, Czech-Egyptian-British tennis player (b. 1921)
• 2001 – Dorothy McGuire, American actress (b. 1916)
• 2002 – George Stanley, Canadian historian, author and public servant (b. 1907)
• 2003 – Frank O'Bannon, Governor of Indiana (b. 1930)
• 2004 – Luis E. Miramontes, Mexican chemist, co-inventor of the combined oral contraceptive pill (b. 1925)
• 2005 – Toni Fritsch, Austrian football and American football player (b. 1945)
• 2005 – Julio César Turbay Ayala, Colombian politician (b. 1916)
• 2006 – Ann Richards, 46th Governor of Texas (b. 1933)
• 2007 – Whakahuihui Vercoe, New Zealand clergyman (b. 1928)
• 2007 – Clare Oliver, Australian cancer activist (b. 1981)
• 2009 – Paul Burke, American actor (b. 1926)
• 2011 – DJ Mehdi, French hip hop and electro producer (b. 1977)
• 2011 – Walter Bonatti, Italian climber (b. 1930)

Holidays and observances[link]

• Christian Feast Day:
  • Aimé
  • Ame
  • John Chrysostom
  • September 13 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics).
• Día de los Niños Héroes (Mexico)
• Epulum Jovis, celebrated on the Ides of September, during the Ludi Romani. (Roman Empire)
• National Celiac Disease Awareness Day (United States)
• Programmers' Day, during a non-leap year. (Russia and programmers around the world)

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: September 13

• BBC: On This Day
• The New York Times: On This Day
• On This Day in Canada

Eumir Deodato (full name Eumir Deodato de Almeida, born 22 June 1943, Rio de Janeiro^[1]) is a Brazilian pianist, composer, record producer and arranger, primarily based in the jazz realm but who historically has been known for eclectic melding of big band and combo jazz with varied elements of rock/pop, R&B/funk, Brazilian/Latin, and symphonic or orchestral music.^[2] Mainly, his records can be categorized as pop/jazz or crossover jazz. His successes as an original artist (keyboards) occurred mainly in the 1970s. Since then, he has produced or arranged music in more than 500 albums for acts ranging from Kool and the Gang to Björk, Christophe and k.d. lang. His daughter, Kennya Deodato, is married to American actor Stephen Baldwin.

Biography[link]

Brazil[link]

Deodato was born of Italian and Portuguese parents. He is a musical autodidact, starting with the accordion at age 12 but rapidly learning instrumental and orchestral skills that culminated in his first recording session at age 17. Originally working as pianist and arranger in the Rio bossa nova scene, he rapidly outgrew this and, along with many other Brazilian musicians during the military dictatorship^{[citation needed]} in their country, moved to New York, working with composer Luiz Bonfá and later with producer Creed Taylor as an arranger. Additionally, he became keyboardist in Taylor's expanding group of backing artists.

Recording career[link]

His first album in the U.S., Prelude, released in 1972, was of a big band Latin jazz style that immediately attracted a wide audience. The album was produced by Creed Taylor on his CTI (Creed Taylor Inc.) label. The nine-minute funky version of Richard Strauss' Also Sprach Zarathustra, entitled "Also Sprach Zarathustra (2001)", won the 1974 Grammy Award for Best Pop Instrumental Performance. It went to No. 2 in the pop charts in the US, No. 3 in Canada, and No. 7 in the UK and was CTI's biggest single. The album climbed to #3 in the Billboard chart, the label's best-selling album and an amazing sales achievement for a jazz-based release. It was subsequently used to great effect in the 1979 film Being There, starring Peter Sellers and Shirley Maclaine. It has also been covered extensively by the rock band Phish in their live performances and included in several of their live releases.

His second album, Deodato 2, despite being of the same style and quality, failed to sell as well, but climbed to number 19 in the Billboard album chart, whilst the single, "Rhapsody In Blue" reached #41 on the Hot 100 in 1973. His early career records used guitarist John Tropea and quintessential jazz fusion flautist Hubert Laws. Deodato continued recording until the late 1980s on the Warner Bros label, but never reached the level of his early successes, although two singles, "S.O.S., Fire In The Sky" and "Are You For Real", were Top 20 Billboard Dance hits in 1985.

Producer and arranger[link]

Deodato has been in demand as a producer and arranger since the 1960s. In all, he has worked on more than 500 albums, fifteen of which have reached platinum. His skills as an arranger provided entree to the American recording industry, writing charts for Wes Montgomery, compatriot chanteuse Astrud Gilberto, and most notably Frank Sinatra, the results of which were released as the bossa nova side of Sinatra's 1971 LP, Sinatra & Company. Other collaborations have included production duties for Kool and the Gang in the early 1980s, the first solo album by Kevin Rowland of Dexys Midnight Runners in 1988 and orchestrations for Björk on her 1997 album Homogenic. Deodato had previously worked on Björk's song "Isobel", making a mix which was later released on her album Telegram, produced by Björk, Nellee Hooper, Tricky, Howie B. and Deodato himself. In 2007 Deodato co-produced the single called "Paris, Tokyo" which is on the album Lupe Fiasco's The Cool. He has also written scores for a number of films.

He also recorded a live album in Rio in 2007 called Eumir Deodato Trio – ao vivo no Rio (Eumir Deodato Trio, Live in Rio). In 2010, Deodato released the CD, The crossing, produced by him in cooperation with Novecento Band, with guest Al Jarreau. In the same year Deodato was cooperating and playing with Riccardo Dalli Cardillo for a new CD released by Marita Pauli singer.

Discography[link]

Albums[link]

• 1964: Inútil Paisagem
• 1972: Percepção
• 1973: Deodato/Donato With João Donato

CTI Albums

• 1972: Prelude
• 1973: Deodato 2
• 1973: Skyscrapers
• 1974: Deodato/Airto in Concert
• 1977: 2001 (Renamed reissue of Prelude)

MCA Albums

• 1974: Whirlwinds
• 1974: Artistry
• 1975: First Cuckoo
• 1976: Very Together

Warner Bros./Atlantic albums

• 1978: Love Island
• 1979: Knights of Fantasy
• 1980: Night Cruiser
• 1982: Happy Hour
• 1984: Motion
• 1989: Somewhere Out There

Recent Albums

• 1999: Rio Strut
• 2000: Bossa Nova Soundtrack
• 2001: Live at the Felt Forum
• 2002: Summer Samba
• 2007: Eumir Deodato Trio – ao vivo no Rio Eumir Deodato Trio, Live in Rio:
• 2010: The Crossing

Singles[link]

• "Also Sprach Zarathustra (2001)" / "Spirit of Summer" - US Number 2,^[3] UK Number 7^[4]
• "Rhapsody In Blue" / "Super Strut"
• "Do It Again" (live) / "Branches" (live) (B-Side is by Airto)
• "Moonlight Serenade" / "Havana Strut"
• "Theme from Peter Gunn" / "Amani"
• "Watusi Strut" / "Watusi Strut" (disco version)
• "Uncle Funk" / "Whistle Stop"
• "S.O.S. Fire in the Sky" / "East Side Strut" (1984)
• "Double Face (feat. Al Jarreau)"

As sideman or arranger[link]

This section requires expansion.

With Antonio Carlos Jobim

• Stone Flower (CTI, 1970) - arrangements

With Antonio Carlos Jobim

• Tide (A&M/CTI, 1970) - arrangements

With Astrud Gilberto

• Gilberto with Turrentine with Stanley Turrentine (CTI, 1971)

With Paul Desmond

• Summertime (A&M/CTI, 1968)

With Milton Nascimento

• Courage (A&M/CTI, 1969)

With Walter Wanderley

• When It Was Done (A&M/CTI, 1968) - rhythm arrangements

References[link]

External links[link]

• The official Eumir Deodato website
• Eumir Deodato at the Internet Movie Database
• Eumir Deodato at Allmusic
• Oasis album

Christopher George Latore Wallace (May 21, 1972 – March 9, 1997), best known as The Notorious B.I.G., was an American rapper. He was also known as Biggie Smalls (after a character in the 1975 film Let's Do It Again).

Wallace was raised in the Brooklyn borough of New York City. When Wallace released his debut album Ready to Die in 1994, he became a central figure in the East Coast hip-hop scene and increased New York's visibility at a time when West Coast artists were more common in the mainstream.^[2] The following year, Wallace led his childhood friends to chart success through his protégé group, Junior M.A.F.I.A. While recording his second album, Wallace was heavily involved in the East Coast/West Coast hip-hop feud, dominating the scene at the time.

On March 9, 1997, Wallace was killed by an unknown assailant in a drive-by shooting in Los Angeles. His double-disc set Life After Death, released 15 days later, hit #1 on the U.S. album charts and was certified Diamond in 2000 (one of the few hip hop albums to receive this certification).^[3] Wallace was noted for his "loose, easy flow",^[4] dark semi-autobiographical lyrics and storytelling abilities. Since his death, a further two albums have been released. MTV ranked him at #3 on their list of The Greatest MCs of All Time.^[5] He has certified sales of 17 million units in the United States.^[6]

Early life[link]

Born in St. Mary's Hospital, despite later claiming to be raised in the Bedford-Stuyvesant section of Brooklyn, Wallace grew up in neighboring Clinton Hill.^[7] Wallace was the only child of Voletta Wallace, a Jamaican preschool teacher, and George Latore, a welder and small-time Jamaican politician.^[8] His father left the family when Wallace was two years old, leaving his mother to work two jobs while raising him. At the Queen of All Saints Middle School, Wallace excelled in class, winning several awards as an English student. He was nicknamed "Big" because of his size before he turned 10.^[9] At the age of 12, he began selling drugs. His mother, often away at work, did not know that her son was selling drugs until Wallace was an adult.^[10]

At his request, Wallace transferred out of the private Roman Catholic Bishop Loughlin Memorial High School to attend the state-funded George Westinghouse Career and Technical Education High School. Jay-Z and Busta Rhymes were also students at that school. According to his mother, Wallace was still a good student, but developed a "smart-ass" attitude at the new school.^[8] At seventeen, Wallace dropped out of high school and became further involved in crime. In 1989, he was arrested on weapons charges in Brooklyn and sentenced to five years' probation. In 1990, he was arrested on a violation of his probation.^[11] A year later, Wallace was arrested in North Carolina for dealing crack cocaine. He spent nine months behind bars until he made bail.^[10]

Rapping career[link]

Wallace began rapping when he was a teenager. He would entertain people on the streets as well as perform with local groups, the Old Gold Brothers and the Techniques.^[2] After being released from prison, Wallace made a demo tape under the name Biggie Smalls, a reference to his childhood nickname and to his stature; he stood at 6' 3" (1.91 m) and weighed as much as 300 to 380 pounds according to differing accounts.^[12] The tape was reportedly made with no serious intent of getting a recording deal, but was promoted by New York-based DJ Mister Cee, who had previously worked with Big Daddy Kane, and was heard by the editor of The Source.^[11]

In March 1992, Wallace featured in The Source's Unsigned Hype column, dedicated to aspiring rappers, and was invited to produce a recording with other unsigned artists in a move that was reportedly uncommon at the time.^[13] The demo tape was heard by Uptown Records A&R and record producer, Sean Combs, who arranged for a meeting with Wallace. He was signed to Uptown immediately and made an appearance on label mates, Heavy D & the Boyz' "A Buncha Niggas" (from the album Blue Funk).^[2][14] Soon after signing his recording contract, Combs was fired from Uptown and started a new label.^[15] Wallace followed and in mid-1992, signed to Combs' new imprint label, Bad Boy Records. On August 8, 1993, Wallace's longtime girlfriend gave birth to his first child, T'yanna.^[16] Wallace continued selling drugs after the birth to support his daughter financially. Once Combs discovered this, he was made to quit.^[2]

Wallace gained exposure later in the year on a remix to Mary J. Blige's single "Real Love", under the pseudonym The Notorious B.I.G., the name he would record under for the remainder of his career, after finding the original moniker "Biggie Smalls" was already in use.^[17] "Real Love" peaked at #7 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart and was followed by a remix of Blige's "What's the 411?". He continued this success, to a lesser extent, on remixes with Neneh Cherry ("Buddy X") and reggae artist Super Cat ("Dolly My Baby", also featuring Combs) in 1993. In April 1993, his solo track, "Party and Bullshit", appeared on the Who's the Man? soundtrack.^[16] In July 1994, he appeared alongside LL Cool J and Busta Rhymes on a remix to label mate Craig Mack's "Flava in Ya Ear", reaching #9 on the Hot 100.

[edit] Ready to Die and marriage

On August 4, 1994, Wallace married singer Faith Evans after they met at a Bad Boy photoshoot.^[16][18] Four days later, Wallace had his first pop chart success as a solo artist with double A-side, "Juicy/Unbelievable", which reached #27 as the lead single to his debut album.

Ready to Die was released on September 13, 1994, and reached #13 on the Billboard 200 chart,^[19] eventually being certified four times Platinum.^[20] The album, released at a time when West Coast hip hop was prominent in the U.S. charts, according to Rolling Stone, "almost single-handedly... shifted the focus back to East Coast rap".^[21] It gained strong reviews on release and has received much praise in retrospect.^[21][22] In addition to "Juicy", the record produced two hit singles; the Platinum-selling "Big Poppa", which reached #1 on the U.S. rap chart,^[4] and "One More Chance" featuring Faith Evans, a loosely related remix of an album track and its best selling single.