UKULA Magazine was an independent arts and culture quarterly founded in 2004, based in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It was created by co-founders Kevin Renton and Graeme Maclean, who first started out DJing under the now well known UKULA moniker at the city's Andy Poolhall in 2002. Copies of UKULA were to be found throughout the cities of Toronto, Montreal and New York. Plans were underway to extend full distribution to include London and Edinburgh, though limited distribution was available in these two cities. The print edition is no longer being published.

In addition to publishing its glossy magazine, UKULA also had event planning and arts/culture consultancy departments catering to local bands and haute coutre fashion houses interested in promoting their brand.

The store and magazine was described by Canada's national newspaper The Globe and Mail as the "ground zero for all things impossibly cool in music, books and fashion"

History

After a year in Toronto, Renton and Maclean relocated to Montreal in 2003, where they continued their series of popular DJ nights. A year later, the first issue of UKULA Magazine hit the streets, a slim staple-bound 32 page paperbacked-sized volume that included interviews with then up-and-coming bands Arcade Fire and Kasabian. By the third issue, the magazine had evolved into the high physical and editorial standards that it is known by today: a vibrant glossy (with an average length of just over 100 pages) professionally bound, and printed on high quality pages, with content about film, literature, travel and fashion.

Renton and Maclean returned to Toronto in August 2006, and opened the UKULA boutique on 492 College St. A multi-purpose venue that can be quickly converted to stage concerts and parties, the eponymous storefront features a street-level lounge-style cafe, in addition to an indie books and magazines section, CDs, and imported hard-to-find men's and women's clothing brands. Fashion labels stocked at UKULA include the Swedish jeans brand Nudie, UK-based Fenchurch, as well as Zeha Berlin footwear and Milk Berlin customized handbags. The magazine offices are located in the building's basement.

Recent events at the UKULA store included the Canadian book launch of Stephen Hall's The Raw Shark Texts, as well as concert performances by Born Ruffians and The Coast. On November 5, 2005, the UKULA Bright Lights Festival in Toronto's Distillery District featured bands such as Elbow, The Duke Spirit, Stirling, The Call Up and the Meligrove Band.

The 2007 Virgin Festival Afterparty hosted at UKULA featured appearances by The Cinematics, Metric, Smashing Pumpkins and The Killers.

References

External links

Ukula website

Ukula's MySpace

Now Magazine: Store of the Week: Feb. 2007

Profile on the Montreal Mirror

Profile on the McGill Daily

Category:Canadian cultural magazines Category:Magazines published in Toronto Category:Magazines published in Montreal Category:London media Category:Magazines published in New York Category:Media in Edinburgh Category:Alternative magazines

names	John Williams
background	non_performing_personnel
birth name	John Towner Williams
born	February 08, 1932
origin	Flushing, Queens, New York, U.S.
occupation	Composer, pianist, conductor
years active	1952–present
spouse	Barbara Ruick (1956–74) (deceased)Samantha Winslow (1980–present) }}

John Towner Williams (born February 8, 1932) is an American composer, conductor, and pianist. In a career spanning almost six decades, he has composed some of the most recognizable film scores in the history of motion pictures, including the Star Wars saga, Jaws, Superman, the Indiana Jones films, E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial, Hook, Jurassic Park, Schindler's List, Home Alone and the first three Harry Potter films. He has had a long association with director Steven Spielberg, composing the music for all but two of Spielberg's feature films.

Other notable works by Williams include theme music for four Olympic Games, the NBC Nightly News, the rededication of the Statue of Liberty, the DreamWorks Pictures production logo, and the television series Lost in Space. Williams has also composed numerous classical concerti, and he served as the principal conductor of the Boston Pops Orchestra from 1980 to 1993; he is now the orchestra's conductor laureate.

Williams has won five Academy Awards, four Golden Globe Awards, seven BAFTA Awards, and 21 Grammy Awards. With 45 Academy Award nominations, Williams is, together with composer Alfred Newman, the second most nominated person, after Walt Disney. John Williams was honored with the prestigious Richard Kirk award at the 1999 BMI Film and TV Awards. The award is given annually to a composer who has made significant contributions to film and television music. Williams was inducted into the Hollywood Bowl Hall of Fame in 2000, and was a recipient of the Kennedy Center Honors in 2004.

Early life and family

John Williams was born on February 8, 1932, in Flushing (Queens), New York, the son of Esther and John Williams, Sr. His father was a jazz percussionist who played with the Raymond Scott Quintet.

In 1948, the Williams family moved to Los Angeles where John attended North Hollywood High School graduating in 1950. He later attended the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), and studied privately with the Italian composer Mario Castelnuovo-Tedesco. In 1952, Williams was drafted into the U.S. Air Force, where he conducted and arranged music for the Air Force Band as part of his assignments.

After his Air Force service ended in 1955, Williams moved to New York City and entered the Juilliard School, where he studied piano with Rosina Lhévinne. During this time, Williams worked as a jazz pianist in New York's many clubs and eventually studios, most notably for composer Henry Mancini. His fellow session musicians included Rolly Bundock on bass, Jack Sperling on drums, and Bob Bain on guitar—the same lineup featured on the Mr. Lucky television series. Williams was known as "Little Johnny Love" Williams during the early 1960s, and he served as music arranger and bandleader for a series of popular music albums with the singer Frankie Laine.

Williams was married to actress Barbara Ruick from 1956 until her death on March 3, 1974. The Williamses had three children: Jennifer (born 1956), Mark (born 1958), and Joseph (born 1960). Williams' younger son is one of the various lead singers the band Toto has had over the decades. John Williams married his second wife, Samantha Winslow, on July 21, 1980.

John Williams is an honorary member of Kappa Kappa Psi, the national fraternity for college band members.

Film and television scoring

While skilled in a variety of twentieth-century compositional idioms, Williams's most familiar style may be described as a form of neoromanticism, inspired by the same large-scale orchestral music of the late 19th century—especially the compositions of Richard Wagner and its concept of leitmotif—that inspired his film music predecessors.

After his studies at Juilliard, Williams returned to Los Angeles, where he began working as an orchestrator at film studios. Among other composers, Williams worked with Franz Waxman, Bernard Herrmann, and Alfred Newman, and also with his fellow orchestrators Conrad Salinger and Bob Franklyn. Williams was also a studio pianist, performing on film scores by composers such as Jerry Goldsmith, Elmer Bernstein, and Henry Mancini. Williams recorded with Henry Mancini on the film scores of Peter Gunn (1959), Days of Wine and Roses (1962), and Charade (1963). (Williams actually played the well-recognized opening riff to Mancini's Peter Gunn theme.) Williams (often credited as "Johnny Williams") also composed the theme music for various TV programs in the 1960s: The pilot episode of Gilligan's Island, the Kraft Suspense Theatre, Lost in Space (1965–68), The Time Tunnel (1966–67), and Land of the Giants (the last three created by the prolific TV producer, Irwin Allen).

Working at Universal Studios, Williams shared music credit on a number of films, the most notable being The Creature from the Black Lagoon in 1954. Williams's first major film composition was for the B movie Daddy-O in 1958, and his first screen credit came two years later in Because They're Young. He soon gained notice in Hollywood for his versatility in composing jazz, piano, and symphonic music. Williams received his first nomination for an Academy Award for his film score for Valley of the Dolls (1967), and then was nominated again for his score for Goodbye, Mr. Chips (1969). Williams broke through to win his first Academy Award for his adapted score for the film Fiddler on the Roof (1971). In 1972 he composed the score for the Robert Altman psychological thriller Images (recorded in collaboration with noted percussionist Stomu Yamashta) which earned him another nomination in the category 'Best Music, Original Dramatic Score' at the 1973 Academy Awards. During the early 1970s, Williams' prominence grew thanks to his work for now–film producer Irwin Allen's disaster films, composing the scores for The Poseidon Adventure (1972) and The Towering Inferno (1974). In addition, he scored Universal's Earthquake (1974) for director Mark Robson, completing a "trinity" of scores for the highest grossing "disaster films" of the decade. He also wrote a very memorable score to The Cowboys (1972), a western starring John Wayne and directed by Mark Rydell.

In 1974, Williams was approached by director Steven Spielberg to compose the music for his feature directorial debut, The Sugarland Express. The young director had been impressed with Williams's score for the movie The Reivers (1969), and Spielberg was convinced that Williams could compose the musical sound that he desired for any of his films. They teamed up again a year later for Spielberg's second film, Jaws. Widely considered to be a classic suspense film, its film score's ominous two-note motif has become synonymous with sharks and approaching danger. The score for Jaws earned Williams his second Academy Award, his first one for an original composition.

Shortly thereafter, Williams and Spielberg began a long collaboration for their next feature film together, Close Encounters of the Third Kind (CE3K, 1977). In an unusual step for a Hollywood film, Spielberg and Williams developed their script and musical concepts simultaneously, as in the film these entwine very closely together. During their two-year-long collaboration, they crafted its distinctive five-note figure that functions both in the background music and as the communications signal of the film's extraterrestrials. Williams also used a system of musical hand signals in CE3K that were based on hand signs created by John Curwen and refined by Zoltan Kodaly.

During the same period, Spielberg recommended Williams to his friend and fellow director George Lucas, who needed a composer to score his ambitious space epic, Star Wars (1977). Williams delivered a grand symphonic score in the fashion of Richard Strauss and Golden Age Hollywood composers Max Steiner and Erich Wolfgang Korngold. Its main theme, "Luke's Theme" is among the most widely recognized in motion picture history, and the "Force Theme" and "Princess Leia's Theme" are well-known examples of leitmotif. Both the film and its soundtrack were immensely successful—it remains the highest grossing non-popular music recording of all-time—and Williams won another Academy Award for Best Original Score. In 1980, Williams returned to score The Empire Strikes Back, where he introduced "The Imperial March" as the theme for Darth Vader and the Galactic Empire. The original Star Wars trilogy concluded with the 1983 film Return of the Jedi, for which Williams's score provided most notably the "Emperor's Theme", "Parade of the Ewoks", and "Luke and Leia". Both scores earned Williams Academy Award nominations.

Williams worked with director Richard Donner to score the 1978 film Superman. The score's heroic and romantic themes, particularly the main march, the Superman fanfare and the love theme, known as "Can You Read My Mind", would appear in the four sequel films. For the 1981 film Raiders of the Lost Ark, created and directed by Lucas and Spielberg, Williams wrote a rousing main theme known as "The Raiders March" to accompany the film's hero, Indiana Jones. He also composed separate themes to represent the Ark of the Covenant, the character Marion, and the Nazi villains of the story. Additional themes were featured in his scores to the sequel films Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom (1984), Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade (1989), and Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull (2008). Williams composed an emotional and sensitive score to Spielberg's 1982 fantasy film E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial. The music conveys the film's benign, childlike sense of innocence, particularly with a spirited theme for the freedom of flight, and a soft string-based, harp-featured theme for the friendship between characters E.T. and Elliott. The film's final chase and farewell sequence marks a rare instance in film history in which the on-screen action was re-edited to conform to the composer's musical interpretation. Williams was awarded a fourth Academy Award for this score.

The 1985 film The Color Purple is the only theatrical feature directed by Steven Spielberg for which John Williams did not serve as composer. The film's producer, Quincy Jones, wanted to personally arrange and compose the music for the project. Williams also did not score Twilight Zone: The Movie, but Spielberg had directed only one of the four segments in that film; the lead director and producer of the film, John Landis, selected Jerry Goldsmith as composer. The Williams-Spielberg collaboration resumed with the director's 1987 film Empire of the Sun, and has continued to the present, spanning genres from science fiction thrillers (1993's Jurassic Park), to somber tragedies (1993's Schindler's List, 2005's Munich), to Eastern-tinged melodramas (2005's Memoirs of a Geisha, directed by Rob Marshall). Spielberg has said, "I call it an honorable privilege to regard John Williams as a friend."

In 1999, George Lucas launched the first of a series of prequels to the original Star Wars trilogy. Williams was asked to score all three films, starting with The Phantom Menace. Along with themes from the previous movies, Williams created new themes to be used as leitmotifs in Attack of the Clones (2002) and Revenge of the Sith (2005). Most notable of these was "Duel of the Fates", an aggressive choral movement utilizing harsh Sanskrit lyrics that broadened the style of music used in the Star Wars films. Also of note was "Anakin's Theme", which begins as an innocent childlike melody and morphs insidiously into a quote of the sinister "Imperial March" of the prior trilogy. For Episode II, Williams composed "Across the Stars", a love theme for Padmé Amidala and Anakin Skywalker (mirroring the love theme composed for the second film of the previous trilogy, The Empire Strikes Back). The final installment combined many of the themes created for the series' previous movies, including "The Emperor's Theme", "The Imperial March", "Across the Stars", "Duel of the Fates", "The Force Theme", "Rebel Fanfare", "Luke's Theme", and "Princess Leia's Theme", as well as new themes for General Grievous and the film's climax, entitled "Battle of the Heroes." Few composers have scored an entire series of this magnitude: The combined scores of all six Star Wars films add up to more than 14 hours of orchestral music.

In the new millennium, Williams was asked to score the film adaptations of the widely successful book series, Harry Potter. He went on to score the first three installments of the film franchise. As with his Superman theme, the most important theme from Williams's scores for the adaptations of J. K. Rowling's Harry Potter series, dubbed Hedwig's Theme, has been used in the fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth films (Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix, Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 1 and Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2), scored by Patrick Doyle, Nicholas Hooper and Alexandre Desplat respectively. Like the main themes from Star Wars, Jaws, Superman, and Indiana Jones, fans have come to identify the Harry Potter films with Williams's original compositions. Williams was asked to return to the film franchise to score the final installment, Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2, but director David Yates stated that "their schedules simply did not align" as he would have had to provide Williams with a rough cut of the film sooner than was possible.

In 2006, Superman Returns was completed under the direction of Bryan Singer, best known for directing the first two movies in the X-Men series. Although Singer did not request Williams to compose a score for the intentionally Donner-esque film, he employed the skills of X2 composer John Ottman to incorporate Williams's original Superman theme, as well as those for Lois Lane and Smallville. Don Davis performed a similar role for Jurassic Park III, recommended to the producers by Williams himself. (Film scores by Ottman and to a lesser extent Davis are often compared to those of Williams, as both use similar styles of composition.)

In 2008, Williams returned to the Indiana Jones series to score the fourth film—The Kingdom of the Crystal Skull. He received a Grammy nomination for his work on the film. During 2008, he also composed music for two documentaries, Warner at War, and A Timeless Call, the latter of which was directed by Steven Spielberg.

Williams also composed the score to The Adventures of Tintin: Secret of the Unicorn, the first film in the upcoming Tintin trilogy based on the comics by Hergé. This film continues his long-time collaboration with director Steven Spielberg, and he will work with producer Peter Jackson for the first time. The film is currently in post production. Williams is also scheduled to score Spielberg's upcoming films War Horse (2011) and Lincoln (2012).

Conducting and performing

From 1980 to 1993, Williams succeeded Arthur Fiedler as Principal Conductor of the Boston Pops Orchestra. Williams never met Fiedler in person but spoke with him by telephone. His arrival as the new leader of the Pops in the spring of 1980 allowed him to devote part of the Pops' first PBS broadcast of the season to presenting his new compositions for The Empire Strikes Back, in addition to conducting many Fiedler audience favorites.

Williams almost ended his tenure with the Pops in 1984. Considered a customary practice of opinion, some players hissed while sight-reading a new Williams composition in rehearsal; Williams abruptly left the session and turned in his resignation. He initially cited mounting conflicts with his film composing schedule, but later admitted a perceived lack of discipline in and respect from the Pops' ranks, culminating in this latest instance. After entreaties by the management and personal apologies from the musicians, Williams withdrew his resignation and continued as principal conductor for nine more years. In 1995 he was succeeded by Keith Lockhart, the former associate conductor of the Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra and Cincinnati Pops Orchestra.

Williams is now the Laureate Conductor of the Pops, thus maintaining his affiliation with its parent, the Boston Symphony Orchestra (BSO). Williams leads the Pops on several occasions each year, particularly during their Holiday Pops season and typically for a week of concerts in May. He conducts an annual Film Night at both Boston Symphony Hall and Tanglewood, where he frequently enlists the Tanglewood Festival Chorus, official chorus of the BSO.

Williams has written many concert pieces, including a symphony; a Concerto for Horn written for Dale Clevenger, principal hornist of the Chicago Symphony; a Concerto for Clarinet written for Michele Zukovsky (Principal Clarinetist of the Los Angeles Philharmonic) in 1991; a sinfonietta for wind ensemble; a cello concerto premiered by Yo-Yo Ma and the Boston Symphony Orchestra at Tanglewood in 1994; concertos for the flute and violin recorded by the London Symphony Orchestra; and a trumpet concerto, which was premiered by the Cleveland Orchestra and their principal trumpet Michael Sachs in September 1996. His bassoon concerto, "The Five Sacred Trees", which was premiered by the New York Philharmonic and principal bassoon player Judith LeClair in 1995, was recorded for Sony Classical by Williams with LeClair and the London Symphony Orchestra. He is also an accomplished pianist, as can be heard in various scores in which he provides solos, as well as a handful of European classical music recordings.

Williams was the subject of an hour-long documentary for the BBC in 1980, and was featured in a story for ABC's newsmagazine 20/20 in 1983.

In 1985, Williams was commissioned by NBC to compose a television news music package for various network news spots. The package, which Williams named "The Mission", consists of four movements, two of which are still used heavily by NBC today for The Today Show, NBC Nightly News, and Meet the Press. Williams also composed the "Liberty Fanfare" for the rededication of the Statue of Liberty, "We're Lookin' Good!" for the Special Olympics in celebration of the 1987 International Summer Games, and themes for the 1984, 1988, 1996, and 2002 Olympic games. His most recent concert work, "Seven for Luck", for soprano and orchestra, is a seven-piece song cycle based on the texts of former U.S. Poet Laureate Rita Dove. "Seven for Luck" was given its world premiere by the Boston Symphony under Williams with soprano Cynthia Haymon.

Williams makes annual appearances with the Los Angeles Philharmonic at the Hollywood Bowl, and took part as conductor and composer in the orchestra's opening gala concerts for the Walt Disney Concert Hall in 2003.

In April 2005, Williams and the Boston Pops performed "The Force Theme" from Star Wars at opening day in Fenway Park as the Boston Red Sox, having won their first World Series championship since 1918, received their championship rings. For Game 1 of the 2007 World Series, Williams conducted a brass-and-drum ensemble through a new dissonant arrangement of the "Star Spangled Banner."

In April 2004, February 2006, and September 2007, he conducted the New York Philharmonic at Avery Fisher Hall in New York City. The initial program was intended to be a one-time special event, and featured Williams's medley of Oscar-winning film scores first performed at the previous year's Academy Awards. Its unprecedented popularity led to two concerts in 2006: fundraising gala events featuring personal recollections by film directors Martin Scorsese and Steven Spielberg. Continuing demand fueled three more concerts in 2007, which all sold out. These featured a tribute to the musicals of film director Stanley Donen, and had the distinction of serving as the opening event of the New York Philharmonic season. After a four-season absence, Williams is scheduled to conduct the Philharmonic once again in October 2011.

Notable compositions

Film scores

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The following list consists of select films for which John Williams wrote the score and/or songs.

2010s

Lincoln (2012)

War Horse (2011)

The Adventures of Tintin: Secret of the Unicorn (2011)

Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 (2011) Music composed by Alexandre Desplat. The cues "Leaving Hogwarts" and "Hedwig's Theme" were used from Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone, and another variant of "Hedwig's Theme" was used from Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets

2000s

Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull (2008) At the 51st Grammy Awards, John Williams won an award for the Mutt Williams theme

Munich (2005) Oscar nomination, Grammy for Best Instrumental Composition; and Grammy nomination for Best Score Soundtrack Album

Memoirs of a Geisha (2005) Oscar Nomination, Grammy, Golden Globe, and BAFTA winner

War of the Worlds (2005) Grammy nomination

Star Wars Episode III: Revenge of the Sith (2005) double Grammy nominations

The Terminal (2004)

Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban (2004) Grammy and Oscar nominations (soundtrack)

Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (2002) Grammy nomination/Adapted and conducted by William Ross

Minority Report (2002)

Star Wars Episode II: Attack of the Clones (2002)

Catch Me if You Can (2002) Oscar nomination

Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone (2001) Oscar nomination and double Grammy nominations

A.I.: Artificial Intelligence (2001) Grammy and Oscar nominations

The Patriot (2000) Oscar nomination

1990s

Angela's Ashes (1999) Grammy and Oscar nomination

Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace (1999) Grammy nomination

Saving Private Ryan (1998) Golden Globe, Grammy, and Oscar nominations

Stepmom (1998)

Amistad (1997) Grammy and Oscar nominations

Seven Years in Tibet (1997)

The Lost World: Jurassic Park (1997)

Rosewood (1997)

Sleepers (1996) Oscar nomination

Sabrina (1995) double Oscar nominations

Nixon (1995) Oscar nomination

Schindler's List (1993) Oscar, Grammy, and BAFTA winner

Jurassic Park (1993)

Far and Away (1992)

Home Alone 2: Lost in New York (1992)

JFK (1991) Oscar nomination

Hook (1991) Grammy and Oscar nominations

Home Alone (1990) double Oscar nominations

Presumed Innocent (1990)

Stanley & Iris (1990)

1980s

Always (1989)

Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade (1989) Oscar nomination

Born on the Fourth of July (1989) Oscar nomination

The Accidental Tourist (1988) Oscar nomination

The Witches of Eastwick (1987) Oscar nomination

Superman IV: The Quest for Peace (1987) Adapted and conducted by Alexander Courage

Empire of the Sun (1987) Oscar nomination, BAFTA winner

SpaceCamp (1986)

The River (1984) Oscar nomination

Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom (1984) Oscar nomination

Star Wars Episode VI: Return of the Jedi (1983) Oscar nomination

Monsignor (1982)

Yes, Giorgio (1982) Song only – "If We Were In Love" Oscar and Golden Globe nomination

E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial (1982) Golden Globe, Oscar, and BAFTA winner (soundtrack)

Heartbeeps (1981)

Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981) Oscar and double Grammy nominations

Star Wars Episode V: The Empire Strikes Back (1980) Oscar and double Grammy nominations, BAFTA winner

1970s

Dracula (1979)

1941 (1979)

Superman (1978) Oscar nomination and double Grammy nominations

The Fury (1978)

Jaws 2 (1978)

Close Encounters of the Third Kind (1977) Oscar nomination

Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope (1977) Oscar, Golden Globe & BAFTA winner

Black Sunday (1977)

The Missouri Breaks (1976)

Midway (1976)

Family Plot (1976)

The Eiger Sanction (1975)

Jaws (1975) Golden Globe, BAFTA and Oscar winner

The Sugarland Express (1974)

Earthquake (1974)

The Towering Inferno (1974) Oscar nomination

Tom Sawyer (1973) Oscar nomination shared with Robert B. Sherman and Richard M. Sherman

The Paper Chase (1973)

The Long Goodbye (1973), also title song.

Cinderella Liberty (1973) Oscar nomination

The Cowboys (1972)

The Poseidon Adventure (1972) Oscar nomination

Images (1972) Oscar nomination

Fiddler on the Roof (1971) Oscar winner (score adaptation)

Jane Eyre (1970)

Storia di una donna (1970) His only score written for a foreign movie

1960s

Goodbye, Mr. Chips (1969) Oscar nomination

The Reivers (1969) Oscar nomination

Heidi (1968)

Fitzwilly (1967)

A Guide for the Married Man (1967)

Valley of the Dolls (1967) Oscar nomination (songs written by André and Dory Previn)

John Goldfarb, Please Come Home! (1965)

The Rare Breed (1966)

How to Steal a Million (1966)

None But the Brave (1965)

The Killers (1964)

Gidget Goes to Rome (1963)

Diamond Head (1963)

Bachelor Flat (1962)

The Secret Ways (1961)

I Passed for White (1960)

Because They're Young (1960)

1950s

Daddy-O (1958)

The Olympics

Williams has composed music for four Olympic Games:

"Olympic Fanfare and Theme" – 1984 Summer Olympics, Los Angeles

* Written specifically for the opening ceremonies. In a 1996 re-release, the opening trumpet fanfare was replaced with "Bugler's Dream", a previous Olympic Theme written by Leo Arnaud. This recording has been used as the theme for NBC's Olympic coverage ever since.

"The Olympic Spirit" – 1988 Summer Olympics, Seoul

* Commissioned by NBC Sports for their television coverage

"Summon the Heroes" – 1996 Summer Olympics, Atlanta, Georgia

* Written in commemoration of the Centennial of the Modern Olympic Games. Premiering on July 19, 1996, the piece features heavy use of the brass and wind sections and is approximately six minutes in length. Principal Boston Pops trumpeter Timothy Morrison played the opening solo on the album recording. It has been arranged for various types of ensembles, including wind ensembles. This theme is now used prevalently by NBC for intros and outros to commercial breaks of the Olympics.

"Call of the Champions" – 2002 Winter Olympics, Salt Lake City, Utah

Television themes

For NBC (United States):

* NBC News—"The Mission"

** NBC Nightly News

** The Today Show

** Meet the Press

NBC Sunday Night Football

Amazing Stories

Checkmate (TV series)

Land of the Giants

Lost in Space

The Time Tunnel

Theme for Great Performances

Score for Gilligan's Island (first season)

Concerti

"Concerto for Flute and Orchestra" (1969), premiered in 1981 by the Saint Louis Symphony Orchestra under Leonard Slatkin

"Concerto No. 1 for Violin and Orchestra" (1976 rev. 1998), premiered in 1981 by the Saint Louis Symphony Orchestra under Slatkin

"Concerto for Tuba and Orchestra" (1985), premiered by the tubist Chester Schmitz of the Boston Pops for their 100th anniversary

"Concerto for Clarinet and Orchestra" (1991), recorded by Michele Zukovsky for whom it was written

"Concerto for Bassoon and Orchestra (The Five Sacred Trees)" (1993), recorded by Judith LeClaire with the London Symphony Orchestra

"Concerto for Cello and Orchestra" (1994)

"Concerto for Trumpet and Orchestra" (1996)

"Elegy for Cello and Piano" (1997), later arranged for Cello and Orchestra (2002). Based on a theme from Seven Years in Tibet

"TreeSong, Concerto No. 2 for Violin and Orchestra" (2000)

"Heartwood: Lyric Sketches for Cello and Orchestra" (2002)

"Concerto for Horn and Orchestra" (2003). Premiered with the Chicago Symphony Orchestra in November 2003

"Duo Concertante for Violin and Viola" (2007). Premiered at Tanglewood in August 2007

"Concerto for Viola and Orchestra" (2009)

"Concerto for Harp and Orchestra: On Willows and Birches" (2009)

"Concerto for Oboe and Orchestra" (2011)

"La Jolla Quartet: A Chamber Piece for Violin, Cello, Clarinet, and Harp" (2011). Premieres August 2011 at the La Jolla Music Society's SummerFest (Also has worked with Yo Yo Ma)

Celebration pieces and other concert works

"Prelude and Fugue for Orchestra" (1965). Available for download in MP3 at the United States Marine Band website.

"Symphony #1" (1966), premiered by Houston Symphony under André Previn in 1968. Williams reworked the piece in 1988 (performed by San Francisco Symphony during a visit as guest conductor in early 1990s)

Thomas and The King (musical, 1975), premiered in London. Recorded in 1981 by the Original Cast.

"Jubilee 350 Fanfare" (1980), premiered by the Boston Pops conducted by Williams. Piece celebrating the 350th anniversary of the City of Boston

"Liberty Fanfare" (1986), premiered on July 4, 1986 by the Boston Pops Esplanade Orchestra. Piece composed for the Centennial of the Statue of Liberty

"A Hymn to New England" (1987)

"Fanfare for Michael Dukakis" (1988). Composed for Michael Dukakis' presidential campaign and premiered at the 1988 Democratic National Convention

"For New York" (Variations on theme by Leonard Bernstein) (1988). Composed for Leonard Bernstein's 70th birthday celebrations

"Celebrate Discovery" (1990). Composed for the 500th anniversary celebration of the arrival of Columbus in America

"Sound the Bells!" (1993)

"Song for World Peace" (1994)

"Variations on Happy Birthday" (1995)

"American Journey" (1999). Portions premiered as accompaniment to a film by Steven Spielberg as part of the Millennium Celebration in Washington D.C. December 31, 1999

"Three Pieces for Solo Cello" (2001)

"Soundings" (2003), composed for the Walt Disney Concert Hall

"Star Spangled Banner" (2007), special arrangement for game 1 of the 2007 World Series played by the Boston Pops Orchestra

"A Timeless Call" (2008). Score to the Steven Spielberg war veteran tribute film shown on day 3 of the 2008 Democratic National Convention

"Air and Simple Gifts", performed by Itzhak Perlman on violin, Yo-Yo Ma on cello, Gabriela Montero on piano, and Anthony McGill on clarinet. Composed for the Barack Obama 2009 presidential inauguration

chamber music piece for the La Jolla Music Society’s SummerFest in California

Awards

John Williams has won five Academy Awards and four Golden Globe Awards. He has been nominated for 21 Golden Globes and 59 Grammys. With 45 Oscar nominations, Williams currently holds the record for the most Oscar nominations for a living person, and is the second most nominated person in the history of the Academy Awards, tied with late fellow film composer Alfred Newman and behind only Walt Disney's 59. Forty of Williams' Oscar nominations are for Best Original Music Score and five are for Best Original Song. He won four Oscars for Best Original Score and one for Best Adapted Score (Fiddler on the Roof).

Williams has received three Emmy Awards and five nominations, six BAFTAs, twenty-one Grammy Awards, and has been inducted into the American Classical Music Hall of Fame and the Hollywood Bowl Hall of Fame. In 2004 he received a Kennedy Center Honor. He won a Classical Brit award in 2005 for his soundtrack work of the previous year.

Notably, Williams has won the Grammy Award for Best Instrumental Composition for his scores for Star Wars, Close Encounters of the Third Kind, Superman, The Empire Strikes Back, E.T. The Extraterrestrial, Angela's Ashes (1999), Munich (2005), and Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull. The competition includes not only composers of film scores, but also composers of instrumental music of any genre, including composers of classical fare such as symphonies and chamber music.

In 2003, the International Olympic Committee accorded Mr. Williams its highest individual honor, the Olympic Order.

In 2010, Williams received the National Medal of Arts in the White House in Washington for his achievements in symphonic music for motion pictures, and "as a pre-eminent composer and conductor [whose] scores have defined and inspired modern movie-going for decades."

AFI

Williams's richly thematic and highly popular 1977 score to Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope was selected in 2005 by the American Film Institute as the greatest American movie score of all time. His scores for Jaws and E.T. also appeared on the list, at No. 6 and #14, respectively. Other Williams scores for the following films were nominated for the list:

A.I. Artificial Intelligence (2001)

Close Encounters of the Third Kind (1977)

The Cowboys (1972)

Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone (2001)

Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981)

Schindler's List (1993)

Superman (1978)

The Witches of Eastwick (1987)

Academy Awards

|- | 1967 | Valley of the Dolls | Best Score Adaptation | |- | rowspan=2 | 1969 | Goodbye, Mr Chips | Best Score Adaptation | |- | The Reivers | Best Original Score | |- | 1971 | Fiddler on the Roof | Best Scoring Adaptation and Original Song Score | |- | rowspan=2 | 1972 | Images | Best Original Dramatic Score | |- | The Poseidon Adventure | Best Original Dramatic Score | |- | rowspan=3 | 1973 | Cinderella Liberty | Best Original Dramatic Score | |- | "Nice to Be Around" (from Cinderella Liberty) | Best Original Song | |- | Tom Sawyer | Best Score Adaptation | |- | 1974 | The Towering Inferno | Best Original Score | |- | 1975 | Jaws | Best Original Dramatic Score | |- | rowspan=2 | 1977 | Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope | Best Original Score | |- | Close Encounters of the Third Kind | Best Original Score | |- | 1978 | Superman | Best Original Score | |- | 1980 | Star Wars Episode V: The Empire Strikes Back | Best Original Score | |- | 1981 | Raiders of the Lost Ark | Best Original Score | |- | rowspan=2 | 1982 | E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial | Best Original Score | |- | "If We Were in Love" (from Yes, Giorgio) | Best Original Song | |- | 1983 | Star Wars Episode VI: Return of the Jedi | Best Original Score | |- | rowspan=2 | 1984 | Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom | Best Original Score | |- | The River | Best Original Score | |- | rowspan=2 | 1987 | Empire of the Sun | Best Original Score | |- | The Witches of Eastwick | Best Original Score | |- | 1988 | The Accidental Tourist | Best Original Score | |- | rowspan=2 | 1989 | Born on the Fourth of July | Best Original Score | |- | Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade | Best Original Score | |- | rowspan=2 | 1990 | Home Alone | Best Original Score | |- | "Somewhere in My Memory" (from Home Alone) | Best Original Song | |- | rowspan=2 | 1991 | JFK | Best Original Score | |- | "When You're Alone" (from Hook) | Best Original Song | |- | 1993 | Schindler's List | Best Original Score | |- | rowspan=3 | 1995 | Nixon | Best Original Dramatic Score | |- | Sabrina | Best Original Musical or Comedy Score | |- | "Moonlight" (from Sabrina) | Best Original Song | |- | 1996 | Sleepers | Best Original Dramatic Score | |- | 1997 | Amistad | Best Original Dramatic Score | |- | 1998 | Saving Private Ryan | Best Original Dramatic Score | |- | 1999 | Angela's Ashes | Best Original Score | |- | 2000 | The Patriot | Best Original Score | |- | rowspan=2 | 2001 | A.I. Artificial Intelligence | Best Original Score | |- | Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone | Best Original Score | |- | 2002 | Catch Me If You Can | Best Original Score | |- | 2004 | Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban | Best Original Score | |- | rowspan=2 | 2005 | Memoirs of a Geisha | Best Original Score | |- | Munich | Best Original Score |

BAFTA Awards

|- | 1975 | Jaws | Best Film Music | |- | rowspan=2 | 1978 | Star Wars | Best Film Music | |- | Close Encounters of the Third Kind | Best Film Music | |- | 1980 | Star Wars Episode V: The Empire Strikes Back | Best Film Music | |- | 1981 | Raiders of the Lost Ark | Best Film Music | |- | 1982 | E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial | Best Film Music | |- | 1988 | Empire of the Sun | Best Film Music | |- | 1993 | Schindler's List | Best Film Music | |- | 1998 | Saving Private Ryan | Best Film Music | |- | 2002 | Catch Me If You Can | Best Film Music | |- | 2005 | Memoirs of a Geisha | Best Film Music |

Emmy Awards

|- | 1962 | Alcoa Premiere | Outstanding Achievement in Original Music Composed for Television | |- | 1963 | Alcoa Premiere | Outstanding Achievement in Composing Original Music | |- | 1968 | Heidi | Outstanding Achievement in Musical Composition | |- | 1971 | Jane Eyre | Outstanding Achievement in Musical Composition | |- | 2002 | The 74th Academy Awards | Outstanding Music Direction | |- | 2009 | Great Performances | Outstanding Original Main Title Theme Music |

Golden Globe Awards

|- | 1973 | The Poseidon Adventure | Best Original Score | |- | rowspan=2 | 1974 | Cinderella Liberty | Best Original Score | |- | Tom Sawyer (with Richard M. Sherman and Robert B. Sherman) | Best Original Score | |- | rowspan=2 | 1975 | Earthquake | Best Original Score | |- | Jaws | Best Original Score | |- | 1977 | Star Wars | Best Original Score | |- | 1978 | Close Encounters of the Third Kind | Best Original Score | |- | 1979 | Superman | Best Original Score | |- | | 1981 | Star Wars: Episode V: The Empire Strikes Back | Best Original Score | |- | 1982 | E.T. | Best Original Score | |- | 1983 | "If We Were In Love" (with Alan Bergman and Marilyn Bergman) from Yes, Giorgio | Best Original Song | |- | 1985 | The River | Best Original Score | |- | 1988 | Empire of the Sun | Best Original Score | |- | 1989 | The Accidental Tourist | Best Original Score | |- | 1990 | Born on the Fourth of July | Best Original Score | |- | 1994 | Schindler's List | Best Original Score | |- | 1996 | "Moonlight" (with Alan Bergman and Marilyn Bergman) from Sabrina | Best Original Song | |- | 1998 | Seven Years in Tibet | Best Original Score | |- | 1999 | Saving Private Ryan | Best Original Score | |- | 2000 | Angela's Ashes | Best Original Score | |- | 2002 | Artificial Intelligence: AI | Best Original Score | |- | 2005 | Memoirs of a Geisha | Best Original Score |

Grammy awards

The Grammy Awards are awarded annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences of the United States.

|- | 1962 | Checkmate | Best Soundtrack Album or Recording or Score from Motion Picture or Television | |- | 1975 | Jaws | Best Album of Original Score Written for a Motion Picture | |- | rowspan=3 | 1977 | Star Wars | Best Pop Instrumental Performance | |- | "Main Title" from Star Wars | Best Instrumental Composition | |- | Star Wars | Best Album of Original Score Written for a Motion Picture | |- | rowspan=2 | 1978 | "Theme" from Close Encounters of the Third Kind | Best Instrumental Composition | |- | Close Encounters of the Third Kind | Best Album of Original Score Written for a Motion Picture | |- | rowspan=2 | 1979 | "Main Title Theme from Superman" | Best Instrumental Composition | |- | Superman | Best Album of Original Score Written for a Motion Picture | |- | rowspan=2 | 1980 | Star Wars Episode V: The Empire Strikes Back | Best Instrumental Composition | |- | Star Wars Episode V: The Empire Strikes Back | Best Album of Original Score Written for a Motion Picture | |- | 1981 | Raiders of the Lost Ark | Best Album of Original Score Written for a Motion Picture | |- | rowspan=3 | 1982 | "Flying" (Theme from E.T.) | Best Instrumental Composition | |- | E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial | Best Album of Original Score Written for a Motion Picture | |- | "Flying" (Theme from E.T.) | Best Arrangement on an Instrumental Recording | |- | rowspan=2 | 1984 | Olympic Fanfare and Theme | Best Instrumental Composition | |- | Star Wars Episode VI: Return of the Jedi | Best Instrumental Composition Written for a Motion Picture or for Television | |- | 1988 | The Witches of Eastwick | Best Instrumental Composition Written for a Motion Picture or for Television | |- | 1989 | Empire of the Sun | Best Instrumental Composition Written for a Motion Picture or for Television | |- | 1990 | Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade | Best Instrumental Composition Written for a Motion Picture or for Television | |- | 1992 | "Somewhere in My Memory" (with Leslie Bricusse) from Home Alone | Best Song Written Specifically for a Motion Picture or for Television | |- | rowspan=2 | 1993 | Schindler's List | Instrumental Composition for a Motion Picture or Television | |- | Hook | Best Instrumental Composition Written for a Motion Picture or for Television | |- | 1994 | Jurassic Park | Best Instrumental Composition Written for a Motion Picture or for Television | |- | 1997 | "Moonlight" (with Alan Bergman and Marilyn Bergman) from Sabrina | Best Song Written Specifically for a Motion Picture or for Television | |- | rowspan=2 | 1998 | Seven Years in Tibet | Best Instrumental Composition Written for a Motion Picture or for Television | |- | The Lost World: Jurassic Park | Best Instrumental Composition Written for a Motion Picture or for Television | |- | rowspan=2 | 1999 | Saving Private Ryan | Best Instrumental Composition Written for a Motion Picture or for Television | |- | Amistad | Best Instrumental Composition Written for a Motion Picture or for Television | |- | rowspan=2 | 2000 | "Theme" from Angela's Ashes | Best Instrumental Composition | |- | Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace | Best Score Soundtrack Album for Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media | |- | 2002 | Artificial Intelligence: A.I. | Best Score Soundtrack Album for Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media | |- | 2003 | Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone | Best Score Soundtrack Album for Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media | |- | rowspan=2 | 2004 | Catch Me If You Can | Best Score Soundtrack Album for Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media | |- | Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets | Best Score Soundtrack Album for Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media | |- | 2005 | Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban | Best Score Soundtrack Album for Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media | |- | 2006 | Star Wars Episode III: Revenge of the Sith | Best Score Soundtrack Album for Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media | |- | rowspan=3 | 2007 | Memoirs of a Geisha | Best Score Soundtrack Album for Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media | |- | Munich | Best Score Soundtrack Album for Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media | |- | "A Prayer For Peace" (Theme from Munich) | Best Instrumental Composition | |- | rowspan=2 | 2009 | "The Adventures of Mutt" from Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull | Best Instrumental Composition | |- | Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull | Best Score Soundtrack Album for Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media |

See also

Star Wars music

Superman music

Harry Potter music

References

Further reading

External links

John Williams Fan Network

Music by John Williams

The John Towner Touch (1957) (First solo album)

The John Williams Web Pages

Hollywood Bowl's Hall of Fame

John Williams Music Network

John Williams at Soundtrackguide.net

John Williams on SoundtrackNet

John Williams Discography at SoundtrackCollector.com

The John Williams Collection

John Williams Sheet Music and Scores

Timelines John Williams (Article Part 1 of 6) Part 2 Part 3 Part 4 Part 5 Part 6

Critical review of Williams's career by Anthony Tommasini at New York Times (2005)

John Williams Fan Site (Chinese language)

John Williams on Pandora

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alt	A mid-twenties African American man wearing a sequined military jacket and dark sunglasses. He is walking while waving his right hand, which is adorned with a white glove. His left hand is bare.
background	solo_singer
birth name	Michael Joseph Jackson
alias	Michael Joe Jackson
birth date	August 29, 1958
birth place	Gary, Indiana, U.S.
death date	June 25, 2009
death place	Los Angeles, California, U.S.
instrument	Vocals
genre	R&B;, pop, rock, soul, dance, funk, disco, New jack swing
occupation	Singer-songwriter, record producer, composer, musician, dancer, choreographer, actor, businessman, philanthropist
years active	1964–2009
label	Motown, Epic, Legacy
associated acts	The Jackson 5
relatives	Janet Jackson (sister), Paris Jackson (daughter)
website	130pxMichael Jackson's signature }}

Michael Joseph Jackson (August 29, 1958 – June 25, 2009) was an American recording artist, entertainer, and businessman. Referred to as the King of Pop, or by his initials MJ, Jackson is recognized as the most successful entertainer of all time by Guinness World Records. His contribution to music, dance, and fashion, along with a much-publicized personal life, made him a global figure in popular culture for over four decades. The seventh child of the Jackson family, he debuted on the professional music scene along with his brothers as a member of The Jackson 5, then the Jacksons in 1964, and began his solo career in 1971.

In the early 1980s, Jackson became a dominant figure in popular music. The music videos for his songs, including those of "Beat It", "Billie Jean", and "Thriller", were credited with transforming the medium into an art form and a promotional tool, and the popularity of these videos helped to bring the relatively new television channel MTV to fame. Videos such as "Black or White" and "Scream" made him a staple on MTV in the 1990s. Through stage performances and music videos, Jackson popularized a number of complicated dance techniques, such as the robot and the moonwalk, to which he gave the name. His distinctive musical sound and vocal style have influenced numerous hip hop, post-disco, contemporary R&B;, pop and rock artists.

Jackson's 1982 album Thriller is the best-selling album of all time. His other records, including Off the Wall (1979), Bad (1987), Dangerous (1991), and HIStory (1995), also rank among the world's best-selling. Jackson is one of the few artists to have been inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame twice. He was also inducted into the Dance Hall of Fame as the first (and currently only) dancer from the world of pop and rock 'n' roll. Some of his other achievements include multiple Guinness World Records; 13 Grammy Awards (as well as the Grammy Legend Award and the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award); 26 American Music Awards (more than any other artist, including the "Artist of the Century"); 13 number-one singles in the United States in his solo career (more than any other male artist in the Hot 100 era); and the estimated sale of over 750 million records worldwide. Jackson won hundreds of awards, which have made him the most-awarded recording artist in the history of popular music.

Life and career

Early life and The Jackson 5 (1958–1975)

Michael Jackson was born on August 29, 1958, the eighth of ten children in an African American working-class family who lived in a small 3-room house in Gary, Indiana, an industrial city near Chicago. His mother, Katherine Esther Scruse, was a devout Jehovah's Witness, and his father, Joseph Walter "Joe" Jackson, was a steel mill worker who performed with an R&B; band called The Falcons. Jackson had three sisters: Rebbie, La Toya, and Janet, and five brothers: Jackie, Tito, Jermaine, Marlon, and Randy. A sixth brother, Brandon, died shortly after birth.

Jackson had a troubled relationship with his father, Joe. In 1980, Jackson won three awards at the American Music Awards for his solo efforts: Favorite Soul/R&B; Album, Favorite Soul/R&B; Male Artist, and Favorite Soul/R&B; Single for "Don't Stop 'Til You Get Enough". That year, he also won Billboard Year-End for Top Black Artist and Top Black Album and a Grammy Award for Best Male R&B; Vocal Performance, also for "Don't Stop 'Til You Get Enough". Jackson again won at the American Music Awards in 1981 for Favorite Soul/R&B; Album and Favorite Soul/R&B; Male Artist. Despite its commercial success, Jackson felt Off the Wall should have made a much bigger impact, and was determined to exceed expectations with his next release. In 1980, he secured the highest royalty rate in the music industry: 37 percent of wholesale album profit.

Thriller and Motown 25 (1982–83)

In 1982, Jackson contributed the song "Someone In the Dark" to the storybook for the film E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial; the record won a Grammy for Best Recording for Children in 1984. In the same year he won another seven Grammys and eight American Music Awards (including the Award of Merit, the youngest artist to win it), making him the most awarded in one night for both award shows. The album topped the Billboard 200 chart for 37 weeks and was in the top 10 of the 200 for 80 consecutive weeks. It was the first album to have seven Billboard Hot 100 top 10 singles, including "Billie Jean", "Beat It," and "Wanna Be Startin' Somethin'." Thriller was certified for 29 million shipments by the RIAA, giving it Double Diamond status in the United States. The album won also another Grammy for Best Engineered Recording – Non Classical in 1984, awarding Bruce Swedien for his work. Thanks to the Bad album, Bruce Swedien and Humberto Gatica won one Grammy in 1988 for Best Engineered Recording – Non Classical and Michael Jackson won one Grammy for Best Music Video, Short Form for "Leave Me Alone" in 1989. HIStory received a Grammy nomination for Album of the Year. However, the sales for Invincible were lower than those of his previous releases, due in part to a lack of promotion, no supporting world tour and the label dispute. The album also came out at a bad time for the music industry in general. Jackson rehearsed in Los Angeles in the weeks leading up to the tour under the direction of choreographer Kenny Ortega. Most of these rehearsals took place at the Staples Center, which was owned by AEG. With Thriller, Christopher Connelly of Rolling Stone commented that Jackson developed his long association with the subliminal theme of paranoia and darker imagery. Allmusic's Stephen Thomas Erlewine noted this is evident on the songs "Billie Jean" and "Wanna Be Startin' Somethin'". In "Billie Jean", Jackson sings about an obsessive fan who alleges he has fathered a child of hers. In "Wanna Be Startin' Somethin'" he argues against gossip and the media. "Beat It" decried gang violence in an homage to West Side Story, and was Jackson's first successful rock cross-over piece, according to Huey. He also observed that the title track "Thriller" began Jackson's interest with the theme of the supernatural, a topic he revisited in subsequent years. In 1985, Jackson co-wrote the charity anthem "We Are the World"; humanitarian themes later became a recurring theme in his lyrics and public persona.

In Bad, Jackson's concept of the predatory lover can be seen on the rock song "Dirty Diana". The lead single "I Just Can't Stop Loving You" is a traditional love ballad, while "Man in the Mirror" is an anthemic ballad of confession and resolution. "Smooth Criminal" was an evocation of bloody assault, rape and likely murder. Allmusic's Stephen Thomas Erlewine states that Dangerous presents Jackson as a very paradoxical individual. He comments the album is more diverse than his previous Bad, as it appeals to an urban audience while also attracting the middle class with anthems like "Heal the World". The first half of the record is dedicated to new jack swing, including songs like "Jam" and "Remember the Time". The album is Jackson's first where social ills become a primary theme; "Why You Wanna Trip on Me", for example, protests against world hunger, AIDS, homelessness and drugs. Dangerous contains sexually charged efforts such as the multifaceted love song, "In the Closet". The title track continues the theme of the predatory lover and compulsive desire. The second half includes introspective, pop-gospel anthems such as "Will You Be There", "Heal the World" and "Keep the Faith"; these songs show Jackson opening up about various personal struggles and worries. In the ballad "Gone Too Soon", Jackson gives tribute to his friend Ryan White and the plight of those with AIDS.

HIStory creates an atmosphere of paranoia. Its content focuses on the hardships and public struggles Jackson went through just prior to its production. In the new jack swing-funk-rock efforts "Scream" and "Tabloid Junkie", along with the R&B; ballad "You Are Not Alone", Jackson retaliates against the injustice and isolation he feels, and directs much of his anger at the media. In the introspective ballad "Stranger in Moscow", Jackson laments over his "fall from grace", while songs like "Earth Song", "Childhood", "Little Susie" and "Smile" are all operatic pop pieces. In the track "D.S.", Jackson launched a verbal attack against Tom Sneddon. He describes Sneddon as an antisocial, white supremacist who wanted to "get my ass, dead or alive". Of the song, Sneddon said, "I have not—shall we say—done him the honor of listening to it, but I've been told that it ends with the sound of a gunshot". Invincible found Jackson working heavily with producer Rodney Jerkins. It is a record made up of urban soul like "Cry" and "The Lost Children", ballads such as "Speechless", "Break of Dawn" and "Butterflies" and mixes hip-hop, pop and R&B; in "2000 Watts", "Heartbreaker" and "Invincible".

Vocal style

Jackson sang from childhood, and over time his voice and vocal style changed noticeably. Between 1971 and 1975, Jackson's voice descended from boy soprano to high tenor. Jackson first used a technique called the "vocal hiccup" in 1973, starting with the song "It's Too Late to Change the Time" from The Jackson 5's G.I.T.: Get It Together album. Jackson did not use the hiccup technique— somewhat like a gulping for air or gasping— fully until the recording of Off the Wall: it can be seen in full force in the "Shake Your Body (Down to the Ground)" promotional video. With the arrival of Off the Wall in the late 1970s, Jackson's abilities as a vocalist were well regarded. At the time, Rolling Stone compared his vocals to the "breathless, dreamy stutter" of Stevie Wonder. Their analysis was also that "Jackson's feathery-timbred tenor is extraordinarily beautiful. It slides smoothly into a startling falsetto that's used very daringly". 1982 saw the release of Thriller, and Rolling Stone was of the opinion that Jackson was then singing in a "fully adult voice" that was "tinged by sadness".

A distinctive deliberate mispronunciation of "come on", used frequently by Jackson, occasionally spelled "cha'mone" or "shamone", is also a staple in impressions and caricatures of him. The turn of the 1990s saw the release of the introspective album Dangerous. The New York Times noted that on some tracks, "he gulps for breath, his voice quivers with anxiety or drops to a desperate whisper, hissing through clenched teeth" and he had a "wretched tone". When singing of brotherhood or self-esteem the musician would return to "smooth" vocals. When commenting on Invincible, Rolling Stone were of the opinion that—at the age of 43—Jackson still performed "exquisitely voiced rhythm tracks and vibrating vocal harmonies". Nelson George summed up Jackson's vocals by stating "The grace, the aggression, the growling, the natural boyishness, the falsetto, the smoothness—that combination of elements mark him as a major vocalist".

Music videos and choreography

Referred to as the King of Music Videos, Steve Huey of Allmusic observed how Jackson transformed the music video into an art form and a promotional tool through complex story lines, dance routines, special effects and famous cameo appearances; simultaneously breaking down racial barriers. Before Thriller, Jackson struggled to receive coverage on MTV, allegedly because he was African American. Pressure from CBS Records persuaded MTV to start showing "Billie Jean" and later "Beat It", leading to a lengthy partnership with Jackson, also helping other black music artists gain recognition. MTV employees deny any racism in their coverage, or pressure to change their stance. MTV maintains that they played rock music, regardless of race. The popularity of his videos on MTV helped to put the relatively young channel "on the map"; MTV's focus shifted in favor of pop and R&B.; His performance on Motown 25: Yesterday, Today, Forever changed the scope of live stage show; "That Jackson lip-synced 'Billie Jean' is, in itself, not extraordinary, but the fact that it did not change the impact of the performance is extraordinary; whether the performance was live or lip-synced made no difference to the audience" thus creating an era in which artists re-create the spectacle of music video imagery on stage. Short films like Thriller largely remained unique to Jackson, while the group dance sequence in "Beat It" has frequently been imitated. The choreography in Thriller has become a part of global pop culture, replicated everywhere from Indian films to prisons in the Philippines. The Thriller short film marked an increase in scale for music videos, and has been named the most successful music video ever by the Guinness World Records.

In the 19-minute music video for "Bad"—directed by Martin Scorsese—Jackson began using sexual imagery and choreography not previously seen in his work. He occasionally grabbed or touched his chest, torso and crotch. When asked by Oprah in the 1993 interview about why he grabbed his crotch, he replied, "I think it happens subliminally" and he described it as something that was not planned, but rather, as something that was compelled by the music. "Bad" garnered a mixed reception from both fans and critics; Time magazine described it as "infamous". The video also featured Wesley Snipes; in the future Jackson's videos would often feature famous cameo roles.

}} ;Bibliography

George, Nelson (2004). Michael Jackson: The Ultimate Collection booklet. Sony BMG.

Further reading

External links

Michael Jackson Live: Best Pics – slideshow by Life magazine

Michael Jackson at MTV

FBI file on Michael Jackson

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birth name	William George Zane, Jr.
birth place	Chicago, Illinois, U.S.
other names	Bill Zane
occupation	Actor, producer, director
years active	1985–present
spouse
website	}}

William George "Billy" Zane, Jr. (born February 24, 1965) is an American actor, producer and director. He is probably best known for his roles as Caledon Hockley in Titanic, The Phantom from The Phantom, John Wheeler in Twin Peaks and Mr. E in CQ.

Early life

Zane was born in Chicago, Illinois, the son of Thalia and William George Zane, Sr., both of whom were amateur actors and founders of a school for medical technicians. Both of his parents are of Greek descent, and his family's original surname, "Zanikopolous" (Greek: Ζανικόπουλος), was anglicized to "Zane" by his parents. He has an older sister, Lisa Zane, who is an actress.

After completing a year abroad at the independent American School in Switzerland, Zane graduated from the progressive, private Francis W. Parker School and attended Harand Camp of the Theater Arts, located in Wisconsin.

Career

1980s

Zane's first two screen roles were in the science fiction fllms Back to the Future in 1985 and Critters in 1986. Zane also appeared in an episode of Matlock entitled "The Nurse". In 1989 he reprised his henchman role in Back to the Future II. Earlier that same year, Zane gained international recognition with the role of villain Hughie Warriner in the thriller Dead Calm, alongside Nicole Kidman and Sam Neill. He also starred in the NBC film, The Case of the Hillside Stranglers (1989).

1990s

Zane's first starring role was in a 1990 independent film, the low budget science fiction thriller Megaville. In 1990, he also co-starred in the film Memphis Belle, a film version of a 1944 documentary about a World War II bomber plane, as the bombardier. Zane also forayed into television work, and in 1991 he appeared as John Justice Wheeler in several episodes of David Lynch's hit TV-show Twin Peaks. In 1993, he played the Shakespearean actor "Mr. Fabian" in Tombstone, and took a starring role in Sniper. He also starred in a couple of Tales from the Crypt productions, including Tales From the Crypt Presents: Demon Knight, where he plays a henchman of Satan called The Collector, and the episode "Well-Cooked Hams", where he plays a poorly skilled magician who kills to steal good tricks from other magicians.

In 1996, Zane played the eponymous classic comic book hero in the big budget action film The Phantom, based on Lee Falk's comic. The Phantom being his favorite comic, Zane pumped iron for over a year and a half to fill the character's tight spandex costume properly, and studied samples of the comic carefully in his attempt to copy the character's body language.

Although The Phantom was not a box office success, Zane achieved success shortly after by playing the millionaire misanthrope Caledon Hockley in James Cameron's 1997 blockbuster Titanic, which to this date remains his best known characterization. This role as Kate Winslet's fiancé earned him an MTV Movie Award nomination for "Best Villain" and a Blockbuster Entertainment Award. He was also nominated for a SAG award.

In 1998, Zane starred in and produced I Woke Up Early the Day I Died, a silent film based on Ed Wood's last script, intended as a parody on bad filmmaking. He won several awards at the B-Movie Film Festival, including Best Movie and Best Actor, for this work. The year after, he starred opposite Timothy Dalton, Bruce Payne, Sean Pertwee and Leonor Varela (who became his fiance after shooting ended) in a TV-movie about Cleopatra. Zane played the part of Mark Antony.

He appeared in Marilyn Manson's music video for his single "The Dope Show".

2000s

Zane was instrumental in getting the critically acclaimed film The Believer made, which won the Grand Jury Prize at Sundance in 2001. In it, he portrayed neo-Nazi Curtis Zampf, and starred opposite Ryan Gosling. The same year, he also had a cameo as himself in the popular comedy Zoolander.

Zane keeps busy in other parts of the entertainment industry as well. He is a singer and can occasionally be seen in various Broadway shows, like Chicago, where he played lawyer Billy Flynn.

He voiced John Rolfe in Pocahontas 2, and Etrigan the Demon in an episode of The New Batman Adventures. Zane also had a recurring role in the television series Charmed in which he played poetry loving ex-demon Drake. Another rather notable role was that of voicing the villainous Xehanort's Heartless, "Ansem" in the Square Enix-Disney video game Kingdom Hearts. Archive sound of his recordings were later used for the sequel, Kingdom Hearts: Chain of Memories, but he would be replaced by Richard Epcar in all subsequent releases in the series.

Zane appeared in the 2006 Turkish film, Valley of the Wolves Iraq, (Kurtlar Vadisi: Irak in Turkish), part of the Kurtlar Vadisi franchise. The film tells the story of the U.S. Army run amok in Iraq, eventually brought into check by a brave Turkish hero. Zane plays Sam William Marshall, a cruel U.S. soldier who is the main antagonist in the film. The movie is the most expensive Turkish film ever made and obtained one of the highest box office returns in the history of the Turkish cinema. Zane's participation in the film, which some consider to be an anti-American propaganda film, and whose representation of fictional American atrocities many Turks believe to be true, has drawn criticism.

Zane made his directing debut with Big Kiss, a light-hearted romantic comedy about two journalists, who follow Billy Zane's advice, involved in a diamond caper in which he also starred. Although released in Sweden in 2004, the date of a wider distribution remains uncertain. In January 2006, he made his debut on the London stage in Arthur Allan Seidelman's production of Six Dance Lessons in Six Weeks by Richard Alfieri, a two-hander in which he co-starred with Claire Bloom.

Zane has lined up several projects, including horror-comedy The Mad, ; 4Chosen (together with Laurence Fishburne); Alien Agent; Don Juan; and his second directorial effort, Uptown, about a man who starts a theater company for the mentally ill. Memory, a psychological thriller where Zane stars opposite Ann-Margret and Dennis Hopper, was released in 2007. Zane is also set to star in a biopic on singer Mario Lanza, and opposite his fiancee Kelly Brook in family-comedy Fishtales. In 2007, he signed on to star in World War II drama The Hessen Affair, to be directed by Paul Breuls.

He took over Timothy Olyphant's role as Christina Applegate's ex-boyfriend on Samantha Who?; Olyphant had to depart because of scheduling conflicts with his role in Damages. The show, however, was not renewed for the 2009-2010 season.

It has been reported that Bollywood actress Bipasha Basu is to star in her first Hollywood film and that Zane will be her leading man.

It has been also reported that Billy Zane is attached to an unknown Christopher Nolan film.

Personal life

Zane married actress Lisa Collins in 1989. The couple divorced in 1995. He was also engaged for a time to Chilean actress Leonor Varela, his costar in the 1999 television film Cleopatra. Zane was engaged to marry British model turned actress Kelly Brook, whom he met when starring with her in the movie Survival Island, also known as Three. They split in April 2008, got back together again shortly thereafter, then ended the relationship in August 2008. He has been dating Croatian model Jasmina Hdagha since July 2009. Their daughter Eva was born in early 2011.

Zane's leisure interests include riding, painting, swimming, photography, frisbees, taking nature walks, cycling, and collecting cars. He has named Sean Connery, Gene Kelly, Buster Keaton and Charlie Chaplin as his movie heroes.

In 1999, Zane participated in the first Gumball 3000 rally, driving a 1964 Aston Martin DB5. He was featured in the music video of Staind's "Epiphany". Zane executive-produced a CD by bluesman Tim O'Connor that includes three songs from Dead Calm, in which Zane had one of the lead roles.

On March 23, 2010, the IRS filed a $116,578 lien against Zane with the Los Angeles County Recorder of Deeds. He has not publicly commented on his tax situation.

In November 2010, he was awarded an honorary degree honoris causa from Lium University Bellinzona, Switzerland, for his contribution to cinematography. He is the chairman of the Francesco Fucilla Film production company 21st Century Filmworks.

Filmography

As actor

Film

Back to the Future (1985) .... Match

Critters (1986) .... Steve Elliot

Going Overboard (1989) .... King Neptune

Dead Calm (1989) .... Hughie Warriner

Back to the Future Part II (1989) .... Match

Megaville (1990) .... Palinov/Jensen

Memphis Belle (1990) .... Lt. Val Kozlowski

Miliardi (1991) .... Maurizio Ferretti

Femme Fatale (1991) .... Elijah

Blood and Concrete (1991) .... Joey Turks

Lake Consequence (1992) .... Billy

Orlando (1992) .... Shelmerdine

Flashfire (1993) .... Jack Flinder

Betrayal of the Dove (1993) .... Dr. Jesse Peter

Sniper (1993) .... Richard Miller

Posse (1993) .... Colonel Graham

Poetic Justice (1993) .... Brad

Tombstone (1993) .... Mr. Fabian

Reflections on a Crime (1994) .... Colin

The Silence of the Hams (1994) .... Joe Dee Foster

Only You (1994) .... Harry, The False Damon Bradley

The Set-Up (1995) .... Charles Thorpe

Demon Knight (1995) .... The Collector

The Phantom (1996) .... The Phantom/Kit Walker

Head Above Water (1996) .... Kent

Danger Zone (1997) .... Rick Morgan

This World, Then the Fireworks (1997) .... Marty Lakewood

Titanic (1997) .... Caledon Hockley

I Woke Up Early the Day I Died (1998) .... The Thief

Susan's Plan (1998) .... Sam Myers

Pocahontas II: Journey to a New World (1998) .... John Rolfe (voice)

Taxman (1999) .... George Putter

Zoolander (2001) ....Himself (uncredited)

The Believer (2001) .... Curtis Zampf

CQ (2001) .... Mr. E

Morgan's Ferry (2001) .... Sam

Landspeed (2002) .... Michael Sanger

Claim (2002) .... Roberto Bealing

Silent Warnings (2003) .... Sheriff Bill Willingham

Starving Hysterical Naked (2003)

Imaginary Grace (2003) .... Nero

Vlad (2003) .... Adrian

The Kiss (2003) .... Alan Roberts/young Philip Naudet

Dead Fish (2004) .... Virgil

Big Kiss (2004) .... Billy

Silver City (2004) .... Chandler Tyson

The Last Drop (2005) .... Oates

The Pleasure Drivers (2005) .... Marvin

BloodRayne (2006) .... Elrich

Survival Island (also known as Three) (2006) .... Jack

Valley of the Wolves: Iraq (2006) .... Sam William Marshall

Memory (2006) .... Taylor Briggs

The Mad (2007) .... Jason Hunt

Fishtales (2007) .... Professor Thomas Bradley

Alien Agent (2007) .... Tom / Saylon

Perfect Hideout (2008) .... Victor

The Man Who Came Back (2008) .... Ezra

Love N' Dancing (2009) .... Kent Krandel

The Hessen Affair (2009) .... Jack Durant

Surviving Evil (2009) .... Sebastian 'Seb' Beazley

Magic Man (2009) .... Darius

The Gold Retrievers (2009) .... Hector

Evil – In the Time of Heroes (2009) .... The Prophet

Darfur (2009) .... Bob Smith

Mama, I Want to Sing! (2011) .... Amara's Manager

The Confidant (2010) .... Monty

Flutter (2010) .... Edwin

Chimera (TBA)

Enemies Among Us (2010) .... Graham

Mad Zombies (2010)

''Mercenaries (2011) .... Colonel Torida

The Roommate (2011) .... Professor Roberts

Sniper: Reloaded (2011) .... Richard Miller

Two Jacks (2011) .... Max Faraday

Dark Star Hollow (2011) .... The Devil

Television films

Brotherhood of Justice (1986) .... Les

Conspiracy: The Trial of the Chicago 8 (1987) .... Police Officer

Police Story: Monster Manor (1988) .... Officer Don Varney

The Case of the Hillside Stranglers (1989) .... Kenneth Bianchi

Lake Consequence (1993) .... Billy

Orlando (1993)....Shelmerdine

Running Delilah (1994) .... Paul

Cleopatra (1999) .... Marc Antony

Hendrix (2000) .... Michael Jeffrey

Sole Survivor (2000) .... Joe Carpenter

Invincible (2001) .... Os

The Diamond of Jeru (2001) .... Mike Kardec

Bet Your Life (2004) .... Joseph

Blue Seduction (2009) .... Mikey Taylor

Journey to Promethea (2010) .... King Laypach

Television series

Heart of the City (1986) .... Tobin

Matlock (1987) .... Eric Dawson

21 Jump Street (1987) .... Matthew Goldblatt

Crime Story (1988) .... Frankie 'The Duke' Farantino

Murder, She Wrote: A Very Good Year for Murder (1988) .... Tony Gambini

Twin Peaks (1991) .... John Justice Wheeler

Tales From the Crypt: Well-Cooked Ham (1993) ... Miles

The New Batman Adventures (1998) .... Etrigan the Demon

Boston Public (2001) .... Matthew Baskin

Charmed (2005) .... Drake

Samantha Who? (2009) .... Winston Funk

The Deep End (2010) .... Cliff Huddle

Video games

SSX Tricky (2001) .... Brodi (voice only)

Kingdom Hearts (2002) .... Ansem, Seeker of Darkness

Kingdom Hearts: Chain of Memories (2004) .... Ansem, Seeker of Darkness

As director

Charmed (2005)

As producer

Fishtales (2007) (Co-producer)

References

External links

The Billy Zane Museum (archived)

Exclusive Billy Zane Interview at TrulyHollywood.com

Category:1966 births Category:Actors from Chicago, Illinois Category:American film actors Category:American stage actors Category:American television actors Category:American voice actors Category:American people of Greek descent Category:Living people

ca:Billy Zane cs:Billy Zane cy:Billy Zane da:Billy Zane de:Billy Zane es:Billy Zane fa:بیلی زین fr:Billy Zane hr:Billy Zane id:Billy Zane is:Billy Zane it:Billy Zane he:בילי זיין la:Gulielmus Zane hu:Billy Zane nl:Billy Zane ja:ビリー・ゼイン no:Billy Zane pl:Billy Zane pt:Billy Zane ru:Зейн, Билли sr:Били Зејн fi:Billy Zane sv:Billy Zane th:บิลลี เซน tr:Billy Zane uk:Біллі Зейн vi:Billy Zane

Amal Peiris (born 7 June 1985) is a Sri Lankan cricketer. He is a left-handed batsman and leg-break bowler who plays for Sebastianites Cricket and Athletic Club. He was born in Ratnapura.

Peiris made his cricketing debut in 2000, playing six matches in the ACC Under-15s Trophy, alongside such names as Upul Tharanga and Farveez Maharoof. Sri Lanka finished third in the table, behind finalists India and Pakistan.

Later in the same season, he played two games in the Costcutter Under-15s World Challenge, including one match against the tournament runners-up Pakistan.

Peiris made his first-class debut during the 2009-10 season, against Burgher Recreation Club, scoring 20 runs on his debut, and taking four wickets with the ball.

External links

Amal Peiris at Cricket Archive

Category:1985 births Category:Living people Category:Sri Lankan cricketers Category:Sebastianites Cricket and Athletic Club cricketers

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