The examples and perspective in this article may not represent a worldwide view of the subject. Please improve this article and discuss the issue on the talk page. (April 2011)

A holographic will is a will and testament that has been entirely handwritten and signed by the testator. Normally, a will must be signed by witnesses attesting to the validity of the testator's signature and intent, but in many jurisdictions, holographic wills that have not been witnessed are treated equally to witnessed wills and need only to meet minimal requirements in order to be probated:

• There must be evidence that the testator actually created the will, which can be proved through the use of witnesses, handwriting experts, or other methods.
• The testator must have had the intellectual capacity to write the will, although there is a presumption that a testator had such capacity unless there is evidence to the contrary.
• The testator must be expressing a wish to direct the distribution of his estate to beneficiaries.

Holographic wills are common and are often created in emergency situations, such as when the testator is alone, trapped, and near death. Jurisdictions that do not generally recognize unwitnessed holographic wills will accordingly grant exceptions to members of the armed services who are involved in armed conflicts and sailors at sea, though in both cases the validity of the holographic will expires at a certain time after it is drafted.

Holographic wills often show that the requirements for making a valid will are minimal. The Guinness Book of World Records lists the shortest will in the world as "All to wife," written on the bedroom wall of a man who realized his imminent demise and made a swift attempt to distribute his chattels before expiring. It clearly meets the minimum requirements, being his own work and no one else's. On June 8, 1948 in Saskatchewan, Canada, a farmer named Cecil George Harris who had become trapped under his own tractor carved a will into the tractor's fender. It read "In case I die in this mess I leave all to the wife. Cecil Geo. Harrisn" The fender was probated and stood as his will. The fender is currently on display at the law library of the University of Saskatchewan College of Law.^[1]

Law in various jurisdictions[link]

In the United States, unwitnessed holographic wills are valid in around 19 out of the 50 states.^[2] Many states, for example New York, place tight restrictions on who may use a holographic will.^[3] Jurisdictions that do not themselves recognize such holographic wills may nonetheless accept them under a "foreign wills act" if drafted in another jurisdiction in which it would be valid.Wisconsin "foreign wills act"

In the United Kingdom, unwitnessed holographic wills were valid in Scotland until the Requirements of Writing Scotland Act 1995 which abolished the provision; such wills written after 1st August 1995 are now invalid in England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland.^[4] Holographic wills need not be signed, when subscription to the writing appearing on the last page of such sheet is "your loving mother," or words to the effect which designates the family or personal relationship, if it is a material consideration, the signature is sufficient^{[clarification needed]}. This is most commonly found in documents written in emergency situations, or those prepared by individuals who have not consulted legal advice.

United States jurisdictions that recognize holographic wills:

• Louisiana — under the Louisiana Civil Code such a will is known as an "olographic testament,"^[5] and must be proved by the testimony of two credible witnesses that the testament was entirely written, dated, and signed in the testator's handwriting.^[6]
• Utah — upon clear and convincing evidence proof the decedent possessed intent to make a valid will,^[7][8] signed by the testator with material portions of the document in the testator's handwriting,^[9] and describing specific bequests with reasonable certainty.^[10] No witnesses required.^[11]
• Virginia — upon clear and convincing evidence proof the decedent possessed intent to make a valid will,^[12] signed by the testator,^[13] the will must be wholly in the handwriting of the testator (handwriting proven by at least two disinterested witnesses^[14] or the will was written in the presence of one disinterested witness if executed before 1922^[15]).

* This is not an exhaustive list of United States jurisdictions recognizing holographic wills.

See also[link]

• Autograph
• Holograph
• Notary public
• Signature

References[link]

Further reading[link]

• Keating, Albert (2002) The Law of Wills. Dublin: Round Hall ISBN 1-85800-302-4 (Republic of Ireland)

William Scott (born in Willington Quay, Northumberland in 1893) was an English footballer and football manager who managed in England in the 1940s and 1950s.

Scott began his career as an amateur with South Shields prior to the First World War, but joined the Navy in 1914. He guested for Crystal Palace during the war and was offered a professional contract with Palace when the war ended. However, he chose to remain as an amateur with South Shields where he was assistant manager and masseur in addition to being a player.

In January 1923 Shields' manager Jimmy Lawrence left to manage Preston North End with Scott joining him as trainer. He continued in that role until March 1941 when he became club secretary, leaving in April 1947 to become manager of Blackburn Rovers.^[1] His term at Blackburn was cut short when he fell ill, and in his time in charge between March and the start of December 1947, Blackburn Rovers struggled, winning just 8 and losing 16 of his 28 games. Despite his ill health, he remained with the club as a scout.

Having recovered from illness, Scott became manager of Preston in June 1949.^[2] Preston won 78, lost 49 and drew 36 of his 163 matches at the helm. He led Preston to the Second Division title in the 1950-51 season and when he left in March 1953 Preston were challenging for the Football League title, eventually finishing as runners-up on goal average.

He was later assistant manager of Sunderland.

References[link]

External links[link]

• Will Scott management career stats at Soccerbase

This biographical article related to an English association football forward born in the 1890s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. v t e

Scott Bakula
Bakula at the Hamilton Benefit on May 10, 2005.
Born	Scott Stewart Bakula (1955-10-09) October 9, 1955 (age 56) St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.
Occupation	Actor
Years active	1983–present
Height	5 ft 11.75 in (1.82 m)[1]
Spouse	Krista Neumann (1981–1995) Chelsea Field (1996–present)

Scott Stewart Bakula ( /ˈbækjʊlə/; born October 9, 1955) is an American actor, known for his role as Sam Beckett in the television series Quantum Leap, for which he won the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Television Series Drama in 1991 and was nominated for four Emmy Awards. He also had a prominent role as Captain Jonathan Archer in Star Trek: Enterprise. Bakula also guest starred in seasons two and three of NBC's Chuck as the title character's father Stephen Bartowski.

Bakula's most recent role was on Desperate Housewives as the lawyer named Trip which happened to be his chief engineer's nickname in Enterprise.

Early life[link]

Bakula was born in St. Louis, Missouri, the son of Sally and Stewart J. Bakula, a concert pianist/lawyer. He graduated from Kirkwood High School in Kirkwood, Missouri, in 1973. During high school, he was active in soccer, tennis, and theatre. Also during high school, he had the lead roles in Godspell and Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat at First Presbyterian Church in Kirkwood. He also played Tevye in an Independent Theatre Production of Fiddler on the Roof at Kirkwood High. Bakula attended college at the University of Kansas until his sophomore year. He was a member of Phi Gamma Delta while attending the University.

Career[link]

Bakula left college to pursue acting, having been cast in the leading role in a national tour of Godspell. The tour was canceled before it began and he soon moved to New York. Shortly after, he was cast in a dinner theater production of Shenandoah in North Carolina.

In 1983, Bakula, having previously appeared as a standby, made his Broadway debut playing Joe DiMaggio in Marilyn: An American Fable. His television debut came in commercials for Canada Dry and for de-caffeinated Folgers coffee. He appeared in an off Broadway production, Three Guys Naked from the Waist Down.^[2]

His performance in the Broadway musical Romance/Romance, starring him and Alison Fraser and subsequent Tony Award nomination helped Bakula win the lead role opposite Dean Stockwell in the critically acclaimed television series Quantum Leap.^[3] In this science fiction series, Bakula played the time traveler Dr. Sam Beckett, who was trapped by a malfunction of his time machine to correct things gone wrong in the past.^[4] His performance in this program would earn him a Golden Globe award (along with three nominations) and four Emmy nominations for Best Actor as well as five consecutive Viewers For Quality Television Awards for Best Actor in a Quality Drama Series.

In 1995, Bakula appeared on the cover of Playgirl. In 1997, Bakula voiced Danny Cat in Cats Don't Dance, a high-rated, but little-known, animated movie, singing in one number with Natalie Cole. In 1998, Bakula played the aging veteran pitcher Gus Cantrell in Major League: Back to the Minors, the final movie in the Major League trilogy. He also played Jim Olmeyer, same-sex partner of Sam Robards' Jim Berkley, in the Academy Award–winning American Beauty in 1999.

Bakula, as Captain Jonathan Archer, meets United States Navy Sailors of the Year for the year 2001 on February 28, 2002, on the set of Star Trek: Enterprise.^[5]

As Jonathan Archer in Star Trek: Enterprise, Bakula played the captain of Earth's first long-range interstellar ship. In 2006, he reprised the role of Archer for the Star Trek Legacy PC and Xbox 360 video games as a voiceover. Bakula starred in the musical Shenandoah, a play which also provided his first professional theatrical role in 1976, at Ford's Theatre, in 2006. Bakula is heard singing "Pig Island" on Sandra Boynton's children's CD Philadelphia Chickens, which is labeled as being "For all ages except 43."

Some of Bakula's other musical appearances include the Hollywood Bowl in 1996 and 2004, Carnegie Hall, a benefit performance of Stephen Sondheim's Anyone Can Whistle in 1995, and the Kennedy Center Honors in 1993 and 2003, in honor of Sondheim and Carol Burnett, respectively.^{[citation needed]} Scott Bakula said that he might be starring as Sam in a Quantum Leap film as stated in TV Guide Magazine along with Dean Stockwell. At Comic Con 2010, he announced that a script was being worked on and that while he would be in the movie, he would not be in the main role.^[6]

Performances since 2008[link]

Bakula performed various songs from his career for a one-night-only performance entitled An Evening with Scott Bakula at Sidney Harman Hall on January 18, 2008, as a benefit for the restoration of the historic Ford's Theater.^[7] Bakula had three appearances in 2008. He appeared as Atty. Jack Ross in an episode of Boston Legal, "Glow in the Dark", which aired on February 12, 2008 on the ABC network.^[8] From March 4 - April 20 he starred as Tony Hunter in the world premiere of Dancing in the Dark at The Old Globe in San Diego, California. Dancing in the Dark is based on the 1950s movie The Band Wagon, which starred Fred Astaire and Cyd Charisse.^[9] Bakula appeared as the character Chris Fulbright in the five episode run of the Tracey Ullman sketch comedy series State of the Union on Showtime.

Bakula appeared in the 2009 dark comedy film The Informant! as Brian Shepard, an FBI agent working with the title character, Mark Whitacre, (played by Matt Damon).^[10]

In April 2009, Bakula began a recurring role on the television series Chuck as Stephen Bartowski, the eponymous character's long lost father. From July 31 to August 2, 2009, he starred as Nathan Detroit in three performances of Guys and Dolls at Hollywood Bowl. Beginning in December 2009, Bakula began appearing as Terry, one of the three lead characters, along with Ray Romano (Joe) and Andre Braugher (Owen), in TNT's hour long comedy/drama Men of a Certain Age. In 2011, he performed a voice cameo in the film Source Code as a slight nod to his character on Quantum Leap, with his catchphrase of "Oh, boy."^[11]

Also in 2011, Bakula appeared in the feature length documentary The Captains. In the film, which was written and directed by William Shatner, Bakula is interviewed by the original Star Trek captain about his life and career leading up to his performances as Captain Jonathan Archer in Star Trek: Enterprise. In the movie Shatner interviews Bakula at his ranch in California where the pair ride horses and discuss the pitfalls that come with a career in television.^[12]

In September 2011, Bakula starred in Terrible Advice by Saul Rubinek at the Menier Chocolate Factory.

In April to May 2012, Bakula guest starred in the last five episodes of Desperate Housewives as Bree Van de Kamp's criminal defence lawyer and third husband three years after the series end.

Personal life[link]

Bakula married Krista Neumann in 1981; they divorced in 1995. The couple had two children, Chelsy (born 1984), Cody (born 1991 - adopted)^{[citation needed]}. Although he and actress Chelsea Field have been together for "16 years, almost" as of December 2010, they have only been married for "a year," according to a radio interview Scott did, with Todd 'n Tyler, on December 14, 2010.^[13] Scott and Chelsea have two children, Wil and Owen.

Filmography[link]

• I-Man (1986)
• Gung Ho (TV Series) (1986)^[14]
• My Sister Sam (1 episode 1986)
• Designing Women (1986–1988)
• Matlock (2 episodes 1987)
• Eisenhower and Lutz (1988)
• Quantum Leap (1989–1993)
• Sibling Rivalry (1990)
• Necessary Roughness (1991)
• Mercy Mission: The Rescue of Flight 771 (1993) see Air New Zealand Flight 103
• Color of Night (1994)
• A Passion to Kill (1994)
• Nowhere to Hide TV movie (1994)
• Murphy Brown (14 episodes 1994–1996)
• The Invaders (mini-series) (1995)
• Lord of Illusions (1995)
• The Bachelor's Baby CBS movie-of-the-week (1996)
• Mr. & Mrs. Smith (1996)
• Cats Don't Dance (1997)
• Major League: Back to the Minors (1998)
• NetForce (1999)
• American Beauty (1999)
• Above Suspicion (2000)
• In the Name of the People (2000)
• Life as a House (2001)
• A Girl Thing (2001)
• What Girls Learn Lifetime original movie (2001)
• Star Trek: Enterprise (2001–2005)
• Papa's Angels (2000)
• The Trial of Old Drum (2000) – George Graham Vest
• The New Adventures of Old Christine (3 episodes, 2 in 2006, 1 in 2009)
• Blue Smoke Lifetime original movie (2007)
• American Body Shop (1 episode, 2007)
• Boston Legal (1 episode, 2008)
• State of the Union (5 episodes, 2008)
• The Informant! (2009)^[15]
• Chuck (8 episodes, 2009–2010)
• Men of a Certain Age (2009–2011)
• Source Code (2011) (voice cameo)
• The Captains (2011)
• Desperate Housewives (2012) (5 episodes)

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Scott Bakula

Star Trek portal

• Scott Bakula at the Internet Movie Database
• Scott Bakula at AllRovi
• Scott Bakula at Memory Alpha (a Star Trek wiki)
• Scott Bakula 2000 Interview on Sidewalks Entertainment