Coordinates	23°33′″N46°38′″N
name	Liv Ullmann
birth name	Liv Johanne Ullmann
birth date	December 16, 1938
birth place	Tokyo, Japan
occupation	Actress/Director
years active	1957–present
spouse	Gappe Stang (1960–1965)Donald Richard Saunders (1985–1995)
religion	Christianity }}

Liv Johanne Ullmann (born 16 December 1938) is a Norwegian actress and film director, as well as one of the muses of the Swedish director Ingmar Bergman. A winner of the Golden Globe, Ullmann has also been nominated for the Palme d'Or, two times for the Academy Award, and a BAFTA Award.

Life

Ullmann was born in Tokyo, Japan, the daughter of Janna (née Lund) and Viggo Ullmann, an aircraft engineer who was working in Tokyo at the time. Ullmann grew up in Trondheim, Norway. She lived in Canada as a child during World War II. She resides in Miami, Florida.

Career

She played lead in nine films by Bergman. She was the object of critical acclaim during the 1960s and 1970s (awards include three Best Actress prizes from the National Society of Film Critics, two from the National Board of Review, a threesome from the New York Film Critics Circle, and one Golden Globe as well as a LAFCA honor).

Her work with Bergman, especially in ''Scenes from a Marriage'', turned her into a 1970s feminist and cultural icon, as well as one of the most respected actresses. In addition, her Nordic red-blond looks fit the 1970s vogue. Ullmann was nominated twice for an Academy Award (for ''The Emigrants'' and ''Face to Face''), and published two autobiographies (''Changing'' and ''Choices'') while out of work in the late 1970s. At this time Ullmann appeared with Laurence Olivier in Richard Attenborough's ''A Bridge Too Far'' (1977).

In 1984, she was the head of the jury at the 34th Berlin International Film Festival.

Two of Ullmann's flops were musical adaptations of classic works. The film version of ''Lost Horizon'' was a critical and commercial disaster, and the Broadway production of ''I Remember Mama'' underwent numerous revisions during a long preview period, then closed after 108 performances.

Ullmann has been a film director (notably with Bergman drama ''Faithless'') and reprised her role from ''Scenes from a Marriage'' in 2003's ''Saraband'', Bergman's final telemovie. ''Faithless'' was close to being awarded the Golden Palm and Best Actress at Cannes Film Festival, but it and the female lead (Swedish actress Lena Endre) lost out to Dancer in the Dark and Björk's performance in it.

Ullmann chaired the jury of Cannes Film Festival in 2002. She introduced her daughter, Linn Ullmann, to the audience with the words: "Here comes the woman whom Ingmar Bergman loves the most". Her daughter was about to receive the Prize of Honour on her famous father's behalf. In 2006 Ullmann gave up a dream of making a film based on Norwegian playwright Henrik Ibsen's play "A Doll's House". According to her, the Norwegian Film Fund worked against her and writer Kjetil Bjørnstad. Australian actress Cate Blanchett and British actress Kate Winslet were intended for lead roles in the movie.

Ullmann narrated the Canada/Norway co-produced animated short film ''The Danish Poet'', which won the Academy Award for Animated Short Film at the 79th Academy Awards in 2007. She was the recipient of The International Center in New York's Award of Excellence.

Ullmann directed actress Cate Blanchett in ''A Streetcar Named Desire (play)'' at the Sydney Theatre Company in Australia, which ran September through October 2009, and the production began on 29 October to 21 November 2009 at the Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts in Washington, DC, where it won Helen Hayes Awards for outstanding non-resident production, actress and supporting performer for 2009. The production also played at the Brooklyn Academy of Music in New York. She will direct the musical The Ghost Brothers of Darkland County, which is based on a screenplay by John Mellencamp and Stephen King.

On 10 December 2010, Ullmann participated in the 2010 Nobel Peace Prize Ceremony. She read "I have no Enemies," the words of 2010 Peace Prize Laureate Liu Xiaobo, a human rights advocate imprisoned in China. In Mr. Liu's absence, the medal and diploma were placed on an empty chair on the stage.

Private life

In addition to Norwegian, Ullmann speaks Swedish, English and other European languages. She is a UNICEF Goodwill Ambassador and has traveled widely for the organization. She is also co-founder and honorary chair of the Women's Refugee Commission. In 2005, King Harald V of Norway made Ullmann a Commander with Star of the Order of St. Olav. In 2006, she received a PhD ''honoris causa'' from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology.

Ullmann has been married and divorced twice. Her first marriage was to Hans Jacob Stang, a Norwegian psychiatrist, whom she divorced in 1965. According to her biographer, Ketil Bjørnstad, the marriage was marred by infidelities on both sides. In the 1980s, she married Boston real estate developer Donald Saunders, whom she divorced in 1995 even as the couple continued living together until 2007.

She has one child, Linn Ullmann, fathered by Ingmar Bergman (who was having an affair) in 1966 while Ullmann was married to Stang. Ullmann has two grandchildren, a boy and a girl, of her daughter's two marriages.

Filmography

+ As actress
! Year	! Title	! Role	Notes
1962	''Tonny''	Kari	Entered into the 12th Berlin International Film Festival
1966		Elisabet Vogler
1968		Eva Rosenberg
1968	''Hour of the Wolf''	Alma Borg	National Board of Review Award for Best Actress
1969	''The Passion of Anna''	Anna Fromm
1971	''''	Kristina	Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture DramaNominated—Academy Award for Best Actress
1971	''''	Ester Jenks
1972		Kristina
1972	''Cries and Whispers''	Maria (and her mother)	New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actress
1972		Pope Joan
1973	''Scenes from a Marriage''	Marianne
1973		Ann Stanley	Nominated—Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy
1973		Katherine
1974		Hannah Lund
1974	''''	Queen Kristina
1976		Dr. Jenny Isaksson	Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best ActressNational Board of Review Award for Best ActressNew York Film Critics Circle Award for Best ActressNominated—Academy Award for Best ActressNominated—BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading RoleNominated—Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Drama
1977	''''	Manuela Rosenberg
1977	''''	Kate Ter Horst
1978	''Autumn Sonata''	Eva
1980	''Richard's Things''	Kate Morris
1984	''''	Mrs. Campbell
1986	''Let's Hope It's a Girl''	Elena
1987	''Gaby: A True Story''	Sari
1987	''Farewell Moscow''	Ida Nudel
1988	''La amiga''	María
1988	''A Time of Indifference''	Maria Grazia	(TV)
1989	''''	Gabriele	Nominated—Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture Drama
1991	''Mindwalk''	Sonia Hoffman
1991	''Sadako and the Thousand Paper Cranes''	Narrator	(voice)
1992	''''	Katherine
1992	''The Ox''	Mrs. Gustafsson
1994		Ticket Seller
1994	''Zorn''	Emma Zorn	(TV)
2003	''Saraband''	Marianne	(TV)
2006	''''	Narrator	(voice)
2008		Grandmother

+ As director
! Year	! Film	Notes
1992	''Sofie''	Montreal World Film Festival Special Grand Prize of the JuryMontreal World Film Festival Prize of the Ecumenical JuryMontreal World Film Festival Most Popular Film
1995		(from the novel by Sigrid Undset)
1996	''Private Confessions''
2000

References

Further reading

Robert Emmet Long, ed. (2006), ''Liv Ullmann: Interviews''. University Press of Mississippi. ISBN 1-57806-823-1, 1-57806-824-X (paper). Collected interviews with Ullmann

Liv Ullmann (1984), ''Choices''. New York: Knopf. ISBN 0-394-53986-9. ISBN 978-0394539867. Autobiography

David Outerbridge (1979), ''Without Makeup, Liv Ullmann: A Photo-Biography''. New York: William Morrow. ISBN 0-68803441-1

Liv Ullmann (1977), ''Changing''. New York: Knopf. ISBN 0-394-41148-X. Autobiography

External links

The Guardian/NFT interview with Shane Danielson, 23 January 2001

Peter Bradshaw review of ''Trolösa'', ''The Guardian'', 9 February 2001

Category:Best Drama Actress Golden Globe (film) winners Category:European Film Awards winners (people) Category:Female film directors Category:Norwegian actors Category:Norwegian film directors Category:Commanders with Star of the Order of St. Olav Category:People from Trondheim Category:People from Tokyo Category:Actors from Tokyo Category:1938 births Category:Living people Category:Norwegian Christians

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Coordinates	23°33′″N46°38′″N
name	Erland Josephson
birth date	June 15, 1923
birth place	Stockholm, Stockholms län, Sweden
yearsactive	1946–2006 }}

Erland Josephson (; born 15 June 1923) is a Swedish actor and author. He is best known to international audiences for his work in films directed by Ingmar Bergman, Andrei Tarkovsky, and Theodoros Angelopoulos.

Biography

Josephson was born in Stockholm, Sweden. He was leader of the Royal Dramatic Theatre in Stockholm from 1966 to 1975. He has also has published novels, short stories, poetry and drama, and was director of several films. In 1980, he directed and starred in the film ''Marmalade Revolution'', which was entered into the 30th Berlin International Film Festival.

He is a grandson of famous Swedish painter Ernst Josephson.

Filmography

''It Rains on Our Love'' (1946)

''To Joy'' (1950)

''Brink of Life'' (1958)

''The Magician'' (1958)

''The Girls'' (1968)

''Hour of the Wolf'' (1968)

''The Passion of Anna'' (1969)

''Cries and Whispers'' (1972)

''Scenes from a Marriage'' (1973)

''The Magic Flute'' (1975)

''Face to Face'' (1976)

''Autumn Sonata'' (1978)

''The First Polka'' (1979)

''Marmalade Revolution'' (1980)

''The Melody Haunts My Memory'' (1981)

''Fanny and Alexander'' (1982)

''Variola Vera'' (1982)

''Bella Donna'' (1983)

''Nostalghia'' (1983)

''After the Rehearsal'' (1984)

''The Sacrifice'' (1986)

''Hanussen'' (1988)

''Migrations'' (1988)

''God afton, Herr Wallenberg'' (1990)

''Dreamplay'' (1994)

''Ulysses' Gaze'' (1995)

''In the Presence of a Clown'' (1997)

''Faithless'' (2000)

''Now'' (2002)

''Saraband'' (2003)

''Dag och natt'' (2004)

Reference

External links

Category:1923 births Category:Living people Category:Litteris et Artibus recipients Category:People from Stockholm Category:Swedish film actors Category:Swedish film directors Category:Swedish Jews Category:Eugene O'Neill Award winners

bg:Ерланд Юсефсон de:Erland Josephson el:Έρλαντ Γιόσεφσον fr:Erland Josephson it:Erland Josephson hu:Erland Josephson nl:Erland Josephson no:Erland Josephson pt:Erland Josephson ru:Юзефсон, Эрланд fi:Erland Josephson sv:Erland Josephson

Coordinates	23°33′″N46°38′″N
Name	Ingmar Bergman
Birth name	Ernst Ingmar Bergman
Other namess	Buntel Eriksson
Birth date	July 14, 1918
Birth place	Uppsala, Sweden
Death date	July 30, 2007
Death place	Fårö, Sweden
Occupation	Film director, producer, screenwriter
Years active	1944–2005
Spouse	Else Fisher (1943–45)Ellen Lundström (1945–50)Gun Grut (1951–59)Käbi Laretei (1959–69)
Awards	Goethe Prize
Influences	August StrindbergVictor SjöströmAkira KurosawaFederico FelliniMarcel Carné }}

Ernst Ingmar Bergman (; 14 July 1918 – 30 July 2007) was a Swedish director, writer and producer for film, stage and television. Described by Woody Allen as "probably the greatest film artist, all things considered, since the invention of the motion picture camera", he is recognized as one of the most accomplished and influential film directors of all time.

He directed over sixty films and documentaries for cinematic release and for television, most of which he also wrote, and directed over one hundred and seventy plays. Among his company of actors were Liv Ullmann, Gunnar Björnstrand, Bibi Andersson, Erland Josephson, Ingrid Thulin and Max von Sydow. Most of his films were set in the landscape of Sweden. His major subjects were death, illness, faith, betrayal, and insanity.

Bergman was active for more than six decades. In 1976 his career was seriously threatened as the result of a botched criminal investigation for alleged income tax evasion. Outraged, Bergman suspended a number of pending productions, closed his studios, and went into self-imposed exile in Germany for eight years.

Early life

Ingmar Bergman was born in Uppsala, Sweden, the son of Erik Bergman, a Lutheran minister and later chaplain to the King of Sweden. He grew up surrounded by religious imagery and discussion. His father was a conservative parish minister with strict parenting concepts. Ingmar was locked up in dark closets for "infractions" like wetting the bed. "While father preached away in the pulpit and the congregation prayed, sang, or listened", Ingmar wrote in his autobiography ''Laterna Magica'':

"I devoted my interest to the church’s mysterious world of low arches, thick walls, the smell of eternity, the colored sunlight quivering above the strangest vegetation of medieval paintings and carved figures on ceilings and walls. There was everything that one’s imagination could desire — angels, saints, dragons, prophets, devils, humans."

Although raised in a devout Lutheran household, Bergman later stated that he lost his faith at age eight, and only came to terms with this fact while making ''Winter Light''. Bergman's interest in theatre and film began early: "At the age of 9, he traded a set of tin soldiers for a battered magic lantern, a possession that altered the course of his life. Within a year, he had created, by playing with this toy, a private world in which he felt completely at home, he recalled. He fashioned his own scenery, marionettes, and lighting effects and gave puppet productions of Strindberg plays in which he spoke all the parts."

In 1934, aged 16, he was sent to Germany to spend the summer vacation with family friends. He attended a Nazi rally in Weimar at which he saw Adolf Hitler. He later wrote in ''Laterna Magica'' (''The Magic Lantern'') about the visit to Germany, describing how the German family had put a portrait of Adolf Hitler on the wall by his bed, and that "for many years, I was on Hitler's side, delighted by his success and saddened by his defeats". Bergman did two five-month stretches of mandatory military service.

In 1937, he entered Stockholm University College (later renamed Stockholm University), to study art and literature. He spent most of his time involved in student theatre and became a "genuine movie addict". At the same time, a romantic involvement led to a break with his father that lasted for years. Although he did not graduate, he wrote a number of plays, as well as an opera, and became an assistant director at a theater. In 1942, he was given the chance to direct one of his own scripts, ''Caspar's Death''. The play was seen by members of Svensk Filmindustri, which then offered Bergman a position working on scripts. In 1943, he married Else Fisher.

Career

Film work

Bergman's film career began in 1941 with his rewriting of scripts, but his first major accomplishment was in 1944 when he wrote the screenplay for ''Torment/Frenzy'' (''Hets''), a film directed by Alf Sjöberg. Along with writing the screenplay, he was also given position as assistant director to the film. In his second autobiographical work, ''Images: My Life in Film'', Bergman describes the filming of the exteriors as his actual film directorial debut. The international success of this film led to Bergman's first opportunity to direct a year later. During the next ten years, he wrote and directed more than a dozen films including ''The Devil's Wanton/Prison'' (''Fängelse'') in 1949 and ''The Naked Night/Sawdust and Tinsel'' (''Gycklarnas afton'') and ''Summer with Monika'' (''Sommaren med Monika''), both from 1953.

Bergman first achieved worldwide success with ''Smiles of a Summer Night'' (''Sommarnattens leende'') (1955), which won for "Best poetic humor" and was nominated for the Palme d'Or at Cannes the following year. This was followed by ''The Seventh Seal'' (''Det sjunde inseglet'') and ''Wild Strawberries'' (''Smultronstället''), released in Sweden ten months apart in 1957. ''The Seventh Seal'' won a special jury prize and was nominated for the Palme d'Or at Cannes and ''Wild Strawberries'' won numerous awards for Bergman and its star, Victor Sjöström. Bergman continued to be productive for the next two decades. From the early 1960s, he spent much of his life on the Swedish island of Fårö, where he made several films.

In the early 1960s he directed three films that explored the theme of faith and doubt in God, ''Through a Glass Darkly'' (''Såsom i en Spegel – 1961''), ''Winter Light'' (''Nattvardsgästerna'' – 1962), and ''The Silence'' (''Tystnaden'' – 1963). Critics created the notion that the common themes in these three films represented trilogy or cinematic triptych. Bergman initially responded that he did not plan these three films as a trilogy and that he could not see any common motifs in them, but he later seemed to have adopted the notion, with some equivocation.

In 1966, he directed ''Persona'', a film that he himself considered one of his most important works. While the shockingly experimental film won few awards many consider it his masterpiece. Other notable films of the period include ''The Virgin Spring'' (''Jungfrukällan'' – 1960), ''Hour of the Wolf'' (''Vargtimmen'' – 1968), ''Shame'' (''Skammen'' – 1968) and ''A Passion/The Passion of Anna'' (''En Passion'' – 1969). Bergman also produced extensively for Swedish television at this time. Two works of note were ''Scenes from a Marriage'' (''Scener ur ett äktenskap'' – 1973) and ''The Magic Flute'' (''Trollflöjten'' – 1975).

After his arrest in 1976 for tax evasion, Bergman swore he would never again make films in Sweden. He shut down his film studio on the island of Fårö and went into self-imposed exile. He briefly considered the possibility of working in America and his next film, ''The Serpent's Egg'' (1977) was a German-U.S. production and his second English-language film (the first being 1971's "The Touch"). This was followed a year later with a British-Norwegian co-production of ''Autumn Sonata'' (''Höstsonaten'' – 1978) starring Ingrid Bergman. The one other film he directed was ''From the Life of the Marionettes'' (''Aus dem Leben der Marionetten'' – 1980) a British-German co-production.

In 1982, he temporarily returned to his homeland to direct ''Fanny and Alexander'' (''Fanny och Alexander''). Bergman stated that the film would be his last, and that afterwards he would focus on directing theatre. Since then, he wrote several film scripts and directed a number of television specials. As with previous work for TV, some of these productions were later released in theatres. The last such work was ''Saraband'' (2003), a sequel to ''Scenes from a Marriage'' and directed by Bergman when he was eighty-four years old.

Repertory company

Bergman developed a personal "repertory company" of Swedish actors whom he repeatedly cast in his films, including Max von Sydow, Bibi Andersson, Harriet Andersson, Erland Josephson, Ingrid Thulin, Gunnel Lindblom, Bengt Ekerot, Anders Ek and Gunnar Björnstrand, each of whom appeared in at least five Bergman features. Norwegian actress Liv Ullmann, who appeared in nine of Bergman's films and one televisual film (''Saraband''), was the last to join this group (in the 1966 film ''Persona''), and ultimately became most closely associated with Bergman, both artistically and personally. They had a daughter together, Linn Ullmann (born 1966).

Bergman began working with Sven Nykvist, his cinematographer, in 1953. The two of them developed and maintained a working relationship of sufficient rapport to allow Bergman not to worry about the composition of a shot until the day before it was filmed. On the morning of the shoot, he would briefly speak to Nykvist about the mood and composition he hoped for, and then leave Nykvist to work lacking interruption or comment until post-production discussion of the next day's work.

Financing

By Bergman's own account, he never had a problem with funding. He cited two reasons for this: one, that he did not live in the United States, which he viewed as obsessed with box-office earnings; and two, that his films tended to be low-budget affairs. (''Cries and Whispers'', for instance, was finished for about $450,000, while ''Scenes from a Marriage'', a six-episode television feature, cost only $200,000.)

Technique

Bergman usually wrote his own screenplays, thinking about them for months or years before starting the actual process of writing, which he viewed as somewhat tedious. His earlier films are carefully constructed and are either based on his plays or written in collaboration with other authors. Bergman stated that in his later works, when on occasion his actors would want to do things differently from his own intention, he would let them, noting that the results were often "disastrous" when he did not do so. As his career progressed, Bergman increasingly let his actors improvise their dialogue. In his latest films, he wrote just the ideas informing the scene and allowed his actors to determine the exact dialogue. When viewing daily rushes, Bergman stressed the importance of being critical but unemotive, claiming that he asked himself not if the work is great or terrible, but if it is sufficient or if it needs to be reshot.

Subjects

Bergman's films usually deal with existential questions of mortality, loneliness, and religious faith. While these topics could seem cerebral, sexual desire found its way to the foreground of most of his films, whether the setting was a medieval plague (''The Seventh Seal''), upper-class family activity in early twentieth century Uppsala (''Fanny and Alexander'') or contemporary alienation (''The Silence''). His female characters are usually more in touch with their sexuality than the men, and unafraid to proclaim it, sometimes with breathtaking overtness (e.g., ''Cries and Whispers'') as would define the work of "the conjurer," as Bergman called himself in a 1960 ''Time Magazine'' cover story. In an interview with ''Playboy'' in 1964, he said: "...The manifestation of sex is very important, and particularly to me, for above all, I don't want to make merely intellectual films. I want audiences to feel, to sense my films. This to me is much more important than their understanding them." Film, Bergman said, was his demanding mistress. Several of his actresses became his mistresses, as his life and art merged.

Bergman's views on his career

When asked about his films, Bergman said he held ''Winter Light'', ''Persona'', and ''Cries and Whispers'' in the highest regard, though in an interview in 2004, Bergman said that he was "depressed" by his own films and could not watch them anymore. In these films, he said, he managed to push the medium to its limit. Bergman stated on numerous occasions (for example in the interview book ''Bergman on Bergman'') that ''The Silence'' meant the end of the era in which religious questions were a major concern of his films.

Theatrical work

Although Bergman was universally famous for his contribution to cinema, he was also an active and productive stage director all his life. During his studies at Stockholm University, he became active in its student theatre, where he made a name for himself early on. His first work after graduation was as a trainee-director at a Stockholm theatre. At twenty-six years, he became the youngest theatrical manager in Europe at the Helsingborg City Theatre. He stayed at Helsingborg for three years and then became the director at Gothenburg city theatre from 1946 to 1949.

He became director of the Malmö city theatre in 1953 and remained for seven years. Many of his star actors were people with whom he began working on stage, and a number of people in the "Bergman troupe" of his 1960s films came from Malmö's city theatre (Max von Sydow, for example). He was the director of the ''Royal Dramatic Theatre'' in Stockholm from 1960 to 1966 and manager from 1963 to 1966.

After Bergman left Sweden because of the tax evasion incident, he became director of the ''Residenz Theatre'' of Munich, Germany (1977–84). He remained active in theatre throughout the 1990s and made his final production on stage with Henrik Ibsen's ''The Wild Duck'' at the Royal Dramatic Theatre in 2002. A complete list of Bergman's work in theatre can be found under "Stage Productions and Radio Theatre Credits" at ''Ingmar Bergman filmography''.

Tax evasion charges

On 30 January 1976, while rehearsing August Strindberg's ''Dance of Death'' at the Royal Dramatic Theatre in Stockholm, he was arrested by two plainclothes police officers and charged with income tax evasion. The impact of the event on Bergman was devastating. He suffered a nervous break-down as a result of the humiliation and was hospitalized in a state of deep depression.

The investigation was focused on an alleged 1970 transaction of 500,000 Swedish kronor (SEK) between Bergman's Swedish company ''Cinematograf'' and its Swiss subsidiary ''Persona'', an entity that was mainly used for the paying of salaries to foreign actors. Bergman dissolved ''Persona'' in 1974 after having been notified by the Swedish Central Bank and subsequently reported the income. On 23 March 1976, the special prosecutor Anders Nordenadler dropped the charges against Bergman, saying that the alleged crime had no legal basis, saying it would be like bringing "charges against a person who has stolen his own car, thinking it was someone else's". Director General Gösta Ekman, chief of the Swedish Internal Revenue Service, defended the failed investigation, saying that the investigation was dealing with important legal material and that Bergman was treated just like any other suspect. He expressed regret that Bergman had left the country, hoping that Bergman was a "stronger" person now when the investigation had shown that he had not done any wrong.

Even though the charges were dropped, Bergman became disconsolate, fearing he would never again return to directing. Despite pleas by the Swedish prime minister Olof Palme, high public figures, and leaders of the film industry, he vowed never to work again in Sweden. He closed down his studio on the island of Fårö, suspended two announced film projects, and went into self-imposed exile in Munich, Germany. Harry Schein, director of the Swedish Film Institute, estimated the immediate damage as ten million SEK (kronor) and hundreds of jobs lost.

Return

Although he continued to operate from Munich, by mid-1978 Bergman had overcome some of his bitterness toward the government of Sweden. In July of that year he visited Sweden, celebrating his sixtieth birthday at Fårö, and partly resumed his work as a director at Royal Dramatic Theatre. To honor his return, the Swedish Film Institute launched a new Ingmar Bergman Prize to be awarded annually for excellence in filmmaking.

Still, he remained in Munich until 1984. In one of the last major interviews with Bergman, conducted in 2005 at Fårö Island, Bergman said that despite being active during the exile, he had effectively lost eight years of his professional life.

Bergman retired from film making in December 2003. He had hip surgery in October 2006 and was making a difficult recovery. He died peacefully in his sleep, at his home on Fårö, on 30 July 2007, at the age of eighty-nine, the same day that another renowned film director, Michelangelo Antonioni, also died. He was buried on the island on 18 August 2007 in a private ceremony. A place in the Fårö churchyard was prepared for him under heavy secrecy. Although he was buried on the island of Fårö, his name and date of birth were inscribed under his wife's name on a tomb at Roslagsbro churchyard, Norrtälje Municipality, several years before his death.

On 6 April 2011, the Bank of Sweden announced that Bergman's portrait will feature on the new 200 kronor banknote, beginning in 2014–15.

Awards

Academy Awards

In 1971, Bergman received the Irving G. Thalberg Memorial Award at the Academy Awards ceremony. Three of his films won the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film. The list of his nominations and awards follows:

Won: Best Foreign Film ''The Virgin Spring'' (Jungfrukällan) (1960)

Won: Best Foreign Film ''Through a Glass Darkly'' (''Såsom i en spegel'') (1961)

Won: Best Foreign Film ''Fanny and Alexander'' ''(Fanny och Alexander)'' (1983)

Nominated: Best Original Screenplay, ''Wild Strawberries'' (''Smultronstället'') (1957)

Nominated: Best Original Screenplay ''The Virgin Spring'' (1960)

Nominated: Best Original Screenplay ''Through a Glass Darkly'' (1961)

Nominated: Best Original Screenplay, ''Cries and Whispers'' (''Viskningar och rop'') (1974)

Nominated: Best Picture, ''Cries and Whispers'' (''Viskningar och rop'') (1974)

Nominated: Best Director, ''Cries and Whispers'' (''Viskningar och rop'') (1974)

Nominated: Best Director, ''Face to Face'' ''(Ansikte mot ansikte'') (1977)

Nominated: Best Original Screenplay, ''Autumn Sonata'' ''(Höstsonaten)'' (1979)

Nominated: Best Original Screenplay, ''Fanny and Alexander'' ''(Fanny och Alexander)'' (1983)

Nominated: Best Director, ''Fanny and Alexander'' ''(Fanny och Alexander)'' (1983)

BAFTA Awards

Nominated: Best Film from any Source, ''The Magician'' (''Ansiktet'') (1960)

Nominated: Best Foreign Film, ''Fanny and Alexander'' (''Fanny och Alexander)'' (1984)

Berlin Film Festival

Won: Golden Bear for Best Film, ''Wild Strawberries'' (''Smultronstället'') (1957)

Nominated: Golden Bear for Best Film, ''Through a Glass Darkly'' (''Såsom i en spegel'') (1961)

Won: OCIC Prize, ''Through a Glass Darkly'' (1961)

Cesar Awards

Nominated: Best Foreign Film, ''The Magic Flute'' (''Trollflöjten'') (1976)

Nominated: Best Foreign Film, ''Autumn Sonata'' ''(Höstsonaten)'' (1979)

Won: Best Foreign Film, ''Fanny and Alexander'' (''Fanny och Alexander)'' (1984)

Nominated: Best European Film, ''Saraband'' (2005)

Cannes Film Festival

Won: Best Poetic Humor ''Smiles of a Summer Night'' (''Sommarnattens leende'') (1955)

Nominated: Golden Palm ''Smiles of a Summer Night'' (''Sommarnattens leende'') (1955)

Won: Jury Special prize ''The Seventh Seal'' (''Det Sjunde inseglet'') (1957)

Nominated: Golden Palm ''The Seventh Seal'' (''Det Sjunde inseglet'') (1957)

Won: Best Director ''Brink of Life'' (''Nära livet'') (1958)

Nominated: Golden Palm ''Brink of Life'' (''Nära livet'') (1958)

Won: Special Mention ''The Virgin Spring'' (''Jungfrukällan'') (1960)

Nominated: Golden Palm ''The Virgin Spring'' (''Jungfrukällan'') (1960)

Won: Technical Grand Prize ''Cries and Whispers'' (''Viskningar och rop'') (1972)

Won: Palm of Palms (1997)

Won: Prize of the Ecumenical Jury (1998) (Special award for his whole works.)

Golden Globe Awards

Won: Best Foreign Film ''Wild Strawberries'' (''Smultronstället'') (1960)

Won: Best Foreign Film ''The Virgin Spring'' (1961)

Won: Best Foreign Film ''Scenes from a Marriage'' (1975)

Won: Best Foreign Film ''Face to Face'' (1976)

Won: Best Foreign Film ''Autumn Sonata'' (1978)

Won: Best Foreign Film ''Fanny and Alexander'' (1984)

Nominated: Best Foreign Film ''Shame'' (1968)

Nominated: Best Foreign Film ''Cries and Whispers'' (1973)

Other Awards and honors

Foreign Honorary Member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1961) The Dorothy and Lillian Gish Prize (1995)

Family

Bergman was married five times:

25 March 1943 – 1945, to Else Fisher, choreographer and dancer (divorced). Children:

* Lena Bergman, actress, born 1943.

22 July 1945 – 1950, to Ellen Lundström, choreographer and film director (divorced). Children:

* Eva Bergman, film director, born 1945,

* Jan Bergman, film director (1946–2000), and

* twins Mats and Anna Bergman, both actors and film directors and born in 1948.

1951 – 1959, to Gun Grut, journalist (divorced). Children:

* Ingmar Bergman Jr, airline captain, born 1951.

1959 – 1969, to Käbi Laretei, concert pianist (divorced). Children:

* Daniel Bergman, film director, born 1962.

11 November 1971 – 20 May 1995, to Ingrid von Rosen (maiden name Karlebo) (widowed). Children:

* Maria von Rosen, author, born 1959.

The first four marriages ended in divorce, while the last ended when his wife Ingrid died of stomach cancer in 1995, aged 65. Aside from his marriages, Bergman had romantic relationships with actresses Harriet Andersson (1952–55), Bibi Andersson (1955–59), and Liv Ullmann (1965–70). He was the father of writer Linn Ullmann with actress Liv Ullmann. In all, Bergman had nine children, one of whom predeceased him. Bergman was eventually married to all of the mothers except Liv Ullmann, but his daughter with his last wife, Ingrid von Rosen, was born twelve years before their marriage.

Influence

Many filmmakers have praised Bergman and cited his work as a major influence on their own: Woody Allen referred to Bergman as "probably the greatest film artist, all things considered, since the invention of the motion picture camera." Robert Altman Pedro Almodóvar Olivier Assayas Francis Ford Coppola stated: "My all-time favorite because he embodies passion, emotion and has warmth" Guillermo del Toro stated: ‘Bergman as a fabulist – my favorite – is absolutely mesmerizing.’ Todd Field stated: "He was our tunnel man building the aqueducts of our cinematic collective unconscious." Krzysztof Kieślowski stated: "This man is one of the few film directors—perhaps the only one in the world—to have said as much about human nature as Dostoevsky or Camus." Stanley Kubrick stated: "I believe Ingmar Bergman, Vittorio De Sica and Federico Fellini are the only three filmmakers in the world who are not just artistic opportunists. By this I mean they don't just sit and wait for a good story to come along and then make it. They have a point of view which is expressed over and over and over again in their films, and they themselves write or have original material written for them." Ang Lee stated: "For me the filmmaker Bergman is the greatest actor of all..." François Ozon Chan-wook Park Eric Rohmer stated: "The Seventh Seal is 'the most beautiful film ever'" Marjane Satrapi Mamoru Oshii Paul Schrader stated: "I would not have made any of my films or written scripts such as ''Taxi Driver'' had it not been for Ingmar Bergman. What he has left is a legacy greater than any other director. I think the extraordinary thing that Bergman will be remembered for, other than his body of work, was that he probably did more than anyone to make cinema a medium of personal and introspective value." Martin Scorsese stated: "I guess I'd put it like this: if you were alive in the 50s and the 60s and of a certain age, a teenager on your way to becoming an adult, and you wanted to make films, I don't see how you couldn't be influenced by Bergman. You would have had to make a conscious effort, and even then, the influence would have snuck through." Steven Spielberg stated: "His love for the cinema almost gives me a guilty conscience." Andrei Tarkovsky Tarkovsky held Bergman in very high regard, noting him and Robert Bresson as his two favourite filmmakers, stating "I am only interested in the views of two people: one is called Bresson and one called Bergman". Such was Bergman's influence, Tarkovsky's last film was made in Sweden with Sven Nykvist, Bergman's longtime cinematographer, and several of Bergman's favoured actors including Erland Josephson. Bergman likewise had great respect for Tarkovsky, stating; "Tarkovsky for me is the greatest director" André Téchiné Liv Ullmann

See also

Cinema of Sweden

List of film collaborations

References

Bibliography

''Bergman on Bergman: Interviews with Ingmar Bergman.'' By Stig Björkman, Torsten Manns, and Jonas Sima; Translated by Paul Britten Austin. Simon & Schuster, New York. Swedish edition copyright 1970; English translation 1973.

''Filmmakers on filmmaking: the American Film Institute seminars on motion pictures and television'' (edited by Joseph McBride). Boston, Houghton Mifflin Co., 1983.

''Images: my life in film'', Ingmar Bergman, Translated by Marianne Ruuth. New York, Arcade Pub., 1994, ISBN 1-55970-186-2

''The Magic Lantern'', Ingmar Bergman, Translated by Joan Tate New York, Viking Press, 1988, ISBN 0-670-81911-5

External links

Ingmar Bergman Face to Face

The Ingmar Bergman Foundation

Ingmar Bergman all posters

Bergmanorama: The magic works of Ingmar Bergman

The Guardian/NFT interview with Liv Ullmann by Shane Danielson, 23 January 2001

Bergman talks of his dreams and demons in rare interview, by Xan Brooks, ''The Guardian'', 12 December 2001

Bergman Week

Regilexikon

DVDBeaver's Director's Chair on Bergman, with links to DVD and Blu-ray comparisons of his major films

;Bibliographies

Ingmar Bergman Bibliography (via UC Berkeley)

Ingmar Bergman Site

Collection of interviews with Bergman

Category:1918 births Category:2007 deaths Category:People from Uppsala Category:European Film Awards winners (people) Category:BAFTA winners (people) Category:César Award winners Category:Swedish film directors Category:Swedish screenwriters Category:Swedish theatre directors Category:Erasmus Prize winners Category:Stockholm University alumni Category:Sommar hosts Category:Gotland Category:Swedish agnostics Category:Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences

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Coordinates	23°33′″N46°38′″N
name	Michel Piccoli
birth name	Jacques Daniel Michel Piccoli
birth date	December 27, 1925
birth place	Paris, France
spouse	Eléonore Hirt (1954-?)Juliette Gréco (1966-1977)Ludivine Clerc (1980-present)
years active	1945 - present
occupation	actor, screenwriter, director, musician, singer }}

Michel Piccoli (born 27 December 1925) is a French actor. He was born in Paris to a musical family; his mother was a pianist and his father a violinist.

He has appeared in many different roles, from seducer to cop to gangster, in more than 170 movies. Piccoli has worked with Jean Renoir, Jean-Pierre Melville, Jean-Luc Godard, Claude Lelouch, Jacques Demy, Claude Sautet, Louis Malle, Agnès Varda, Leos Carax, Luis Buñuel, Costa-Gavras, Alfred Hitchcock, Marco Ferreri, Jacques Rivette, Otar Iosseliani, Nanni Moretti and Jacques Doillon.

He was married three times, first to Éléonore Hirt, then for eleven years to the singer Juliette Gréco and finally to Ludivine Clerc. He has one daughter from his first marriage, Anne-Cordélia.

Piccoli is politically active on the left, and is vocally opposed to the Front National.

Filmography

''Destinées'' (1954)

''Ernst Thälmann'' (1955)

''La mort en ce jardin'' (1956)

''Le Doulos'' (1962)

''Le Mépris'' (''Contempt'', 1963)

''Diary of a Chambermaid'' (1964)

''La Chance et l'Amour'' (1964)

''All About Loving'' (1964)

''Masquerade'' (1965)

''The Sleeping Car Murders'' (1965)

''Dom Juan ou le Festin de Pierre'' (1965, TV)

''Is Paris Burning?'' (1966)

''La Curée'' (The Game is Over) (1966)

''The War Is Over'' (1966)

''My Love, My Love'' (1967)

''Belle de jour'' (''A Bela da Tarde'', 1967)

''Les Demoiselles de Rochefort'' (1967)

''Benjamin'' (1968)

''Danger: Diabolik'' (1968)

''La Chamade'' (1968)

''Dillinger Is Dead'' (''Dillinger è morto'', 1969)

''La Voie lactée'' (1969)

''Topaz'' (1969)

''Les Choses de la vie'' (1970)

''Max et les ferrailleurs'' (1971)

''L'udienza'' (1971)

''Liza'' (1972)

''The Discreet Charm of the Bourgeoisie'' (''Le charme discret de la bourgeoisie'', 1972)

''Wedding in Blood'' (1973)

''La Grande Bouffe'' (''The Grande Bouffe'' or ''Blow-Out'', 1973)

''Themroc'' (1973)

''Don't Touch the White Woman!'' (1974)

''Le fantôme de la liberté'' (1974)

''Le Trio infernal'' (1974)

''Vincent, Paul, François, et les Autres'' (1974)

'' Leonor'' (1975)

''Sept morts sur ordonnance'' (1975)

''La Dernière femme'' (1976)

''Mado'' (1976)

''F comme Fairbanks'' (1976)

''Des enfants gatés'' (1977)

''That Obscure Object of Desire'' (1977)

''Neapolitan Mystery'' (1978)

''Atlantic City'' (1980)

''Salto nel vuoto (A Leap in the Dark)'' (1980)

''Der Preis fürs Überleben'' (1980)

''Espion Lève-toi'' (1981)

''La Fille prodigue'' (1981)

''Une étrange affaire'' (1981)

''Beyond the Door'' (1982)

''La Passante du Sans-Souci'' (1982)

''Passion'' (1982)

''Une chambre en ville'' (1982)

''The General of the Dead Army'' (1983)

''Le Prix du Danger'' (1983)

''Success Is the Best Revenge'' (1984)

''Viva la vie'' (1984)

''La Diagonale du Fou'' (1984)

''Adieu Bonaparte'' (1985)

''Péril en la demeure'' (1985)

''Partir, revenir'' (1985)

''Mon beau-frère a tué ma soeur‎'' (1986)

''Le Paltoquet'' (1986)

''La Puritaine'' (1986)

''Mauvais Sang''(1986)

''The Distant Land'' (1987)

''Milou en Mai'' (1990)

''The Children Thief'' (1991)

''La Belle Noiseuse'' (1991)

''Le Visionarium'' (''The Timekeeper'', 1992)

''Les Cent et une Nuits de Simon Cinéma'' (1995)

''Traveling Companion'' (1996)

''Beaumarchais'' (1996)

''Passion in the Desert'' (1997)

''I'm Going Home'' (2001)

''That Day'' (2003)

''C'est pas tout à fait la vie dont j'avais rêvé'' (2005 - directed)

''Gardens in Autumn'' (2006)

''Party'' (2006)

''Boxes'' (2007)

''Belle Toujours'' (2007)

''De la guerre'' (2008)

''The Dust of Time ("Mia aioniotita kai mia mera")'' (2008)

''We Have a Pope'' (2011)

Awards

He won the Best Actor Award at the 1980 Cannes Film Festival for ''A Leap in the Dark''. In 1982, he won the Silver Bear for Best Actor at the 32nd Berlin International Film Festival for his role in ''Strange Affair''

References

External links

Category:1925 births Category:Living people Category:Actors from Paris Category:French actors Category:French people of Italian descent Category:French film directors

bg:Мишел Пиколи cs:Michel Piccoli da:Michel Piccoli de:Michel Piccoli es:Michel Piccoli eo:Michel Piccoli fr:Michel Piccoli hr:Michel Piccoli io:Michel Piccoli id:Michel Piccoli it:Michel Piccoli he:מישל פיקולי la:Michael Piccoli lb:Michel Piccoli hu:Michel Piccoli nl:Michel Piccoli ja:ミシェル・ピコリ no:Michel Piccoli pl:Michel Piccoli pt:Michel Piccoli ru:Пикколи, Мишель sq:Michel Piccoli fi:Michel Piccoli sv:Michel Piccoli

Coordinates	23°33′″N46°38′″N
name	Ingrid Thulin
birth date	January 27, 1926
birth place	Sollefteå, Ångermanland, Sweden
death date	January 07, 2004
death place	Stockholm, Sweden
spouse	Claes Sylwander (1952–1955) Harry Schein (1956–1989)
website	http://www.ingridthulin.se/ }}

Ingrid Lilian Thulin (; 27 January 1926 – 7 January 2004) was a Swedish film actress.

Biography

Thulin was born in Sollefteå, Ångermanland, northern Sweden, the daughter of Nanna (née Larsson) and Adam Thulin, a fisherman. She took ballet lessons as a girl and was accepted by The Royal Dramatic Theatre ("''Dramaten''") in Stockholm 1948.

For many years she worked regularly with Ingmar Bergman; among other films, Thulin appeared in Bergman's ''The Magician'' (where she acted dressed as a boy), in ''Winter Light'' (1962), as well as ''The Silence'' (1963) and ''Cries and Whispers'' (1972).

She shared the best actress award at the 1958 Cannes Film Festival and received a Guldbagge Award as best actress in 1964, the first year the award was given out, for her performance in ''The Silence''. Winner of the David di Donatello Awards 1974, Thulin was also been nominated for the BAFTA Award the same year. In 1980, she was the head of the jury at the 30th Berlin International Film Festival.

She was married to Harry Schein, the founder of the Swedish Film Institute, for more than 30 years until 1989, although they had lived separately for many years before the divorce. She bought an apartment in Paris, France in the early 60s and some years later a beach house in San Felice Circeo, south of Rome. In 1970 she became a resident of Sacrofano (Italy), where she lived for 34 years.

Death

She returned to Sweden for medical treatment and later died from cancer in Stockholm, Sweden, 20 days shy of her 78th birthday. Her memories were published in 1992 ("''Någon jag kände''" ("Somebody I knew"); Norstedts Förlag, ISBN 91-1-919472-2).

Partial filmography

''Leva på 'Hoppet''' (1951)Director: Göran Gentele ''Foreign Intrigue'' (1956) with Robert Mitchum Director: Sheldon Reynolds '' Smultronstället / Wild Strawberries '' (1957) with Victor Sjöström Director: Ingmar Bergman '' Ansiktet / The Magician (1958 film) '' (1958) Director: Ingmar Bergman ''Domaren'' / ''The Judge'' (1960) Director: Alf Sjöberg '' Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse '' (1962) with Glenn Ford Director: Vincente Minnelli ''Nattvardsgästerna / Winter Light'' (1962) with Gunnar Björnstrand, Max von Sydow and Gunnel Lindblom '' Tystnaden / The Silence'' (1963) with Gunnel Lindblom Director: Ingmar Bergman '' The War Is Over '' (1966) with Yves Montand Director: Alain Resnais '' Vargtimmen / Hour of the Wolf'' (1968) with Max von Sydow Director: Ingmar Bergman ''The Damned'' (1969) with Helmut Berger Director: Luchino Visconti ''A Handful of Love'' (1974) Director: Vilgot Sjöman ''Viskningar och Rop / Cries and Whispers'' (1972) with Liv Ullmann, Harriet Andersson Director: Ingmar Bergman ''La Cage'' (1976) with Lino Ventura Director: Pierre Granier-Deferre ''Salon Kitty'' (1975) with Helmut Berger Director: Tinto Brass ''Efter repetitionen / After the Rehearsal'' (1984) with Erland Josephson Director: Ingmar Bergman ''Il Giorno Prima / Contrôle'' (1987) with Ben Gazzara, Burt Lancaster, Kate Nelligan Director: Giuliano Montaldo

Further reading

Cowie, Peter (1970): ''Sweden 1. An Illustrated Guide ... to the Work of the Leading Directors, Players, Technicians, and other Key Figures in Swedish Cinema, with Credits and Plot outlines to more than seventy important Films, and Index to 1,000 Titles'', A. Zwemmer Ltd., London

Cowie (1970): ''Sweden 2. A Comprehensive Assessment of the Themes, Trends, and Directors in Swedish Cinema'', A. Zwemmer Ltd., London

Cowie (1977): ''Film in Sweden. Stars and Players'', Tantivy Press, London (ISBN 0-498-02013-4)

References

External links

Ingrid Thulin Official Website (Swedish)

Ingmar Bergman Face to Face on Ingrid Thulin

Bergman's leading lady dies at 76

Bergmanorama on Ingrid Thulin

Ingrid Thulin: Northern Light

Category:1926 births Category:2004 deaths Category:People from Sollefteå Municipality Category:Cancer deaths in Sweden Category:Swedish film actors

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