name	Betty Ford
birth name	Elizabeth Ann Bloomer
birth date	April 08, 1918
birth place	Chicago, Illinois, United States
death date	July 08, 2011
death place	Rancho Mirage, California, United States
Restingplace	Gerald R. Ford Presidential MuseumGrand Rapids, Michigan, United States
occupation	First Lady of the United StatesActivist
office1	First Lady of the United States
term start1	August 9, 1974
term end1	January 20, 1977
predecessor1	Pat Nixon
successor1	Rosalynn Carter
office2	Second Lady of the United States
term start2	December 6, 1973
term end2	August 9, 1974
predecessor2	Judy Agnew
successor2	Happy Rockefeller
office3	1st Chair of the Board,Betty Ford Center
term start3	1982
term end3	2005
successor3	Susan Ford Bales
religion	Episcopalian
spouse	William G. Warren(m. 1942–1947, divorced)Gerald Ford(m. 1948–2006, his death)
children	Michael Gerald Ford (born 1950)John "Jack" Gardner Ford (born 1952)Steven Meigs Ford (born 1956)Susan Elizabeth Ford (born 1957)
relations	Parents:William Stephenson Bloomer Sr. (1874–1934)Hortense (''née'' Neahr) Bloomer (1884–1948)
signature	Betty Ford Signature.svg }}

Elizabeth Ann Bloomer Warren Ford (April 8, 1918 – July 8, 2011), better known as Betty Ford, was First Lady of the United States from 1974 to 1977 during the presidency of her husband Gerald Ford. As First Lady, she was active in social policy and created precedents as a politically active presidential wife.

Throughout her husband's term in office, she maintained high approval ratings despite opposition from some conservative Republicans who objected to her more moderate and liberal positions on social issues. Ford was noted for raising breast cancer awareness following her 1974 mastectomy and was a passionate supporter of, and activist for, the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA). Pro-choice on abortion and a leader in the Women's Movement, she gained fame as one of the most candid first ladies in history, commenting on every hot-button issue of the time, including feminism, equal pay, the ERA, sex, drugs, abortion, and gun control. She also raised awareness of addiction when she announced her long-running battle with alcoholism in the 1970s.

Following her White House years, she continued to lobby for the ERA and remained active in the feminist movement. She is the founder, and served as the first chair of the board of directors, of the Betty Ford Center for substance abuse and addiction and is a recipient of the Congressional Gold Medal (co-presentation with her husband, Gerald R. Ford, October 21, 1998) and the Presidential Medal of Freedom (alone, presented 1991, by George H. W. Bush).

Early life and career

She was born Elizabeth Ann Bloomer in Chicago, Illinois, the third child and only daughter of William Stephenson Bloomer, Sr. (July 19, 1874 – July 18, 1934), a traveling salesman for Royal Rubber Co., and his wife, Hortense (''née'' Neahr; July 11, 1884 – November 20, 1948). Her two older brothers were Robert and William Jr. After living briefly in Denver, Colorado, she grew up in Grand Rapids, Michigan, where she graduated from Central High School.

After the 1929 stock market crash, when Ford was age 14, she began modeling clothes and teaching children dances such as the foxtrot, waltz, and big apple. She also entertained and worked with children with disabilities at the Mary Free Bed Home for Crippled Children. She studied dance at the Calla Travis Dance Studio, graduating in 1935.

When Ford was age 16, her father died of carbon monoxide poisoning in the family's garage while working under their car, despite the garage doors being open. He died the day before his 60th birthday.

In 1936, after she graduated from high school, she proposed continuing her study of dance in New York City, but her mother refused. Instead, she attended the Bennington School of Dance in Bennington, Vermont, for two summers, where she studied under director Martha Hill with choreographers Martha Graham and Hanya Holm. After being accepted by Graham as a student, Ford moved to New York City to live in its Manhattan borough's Chelsea neighborhood and worked as a fashion model for the John Robert Powers firm in order to finance her dance studies. She joined Graham's auxiliary troupe and eventually performed with the company at Carnegie Hall in New York City.

Her mother opposed her daughter's choice of a career and insisted that she move home, but Ford resisted. They finally came to a compromise: she would return home for six months, and if she still wanted to return to New York City at the end of the six months, her mother would not protest further. Ford became immersed in her life in Grand Rapids and did not return to New York City. Her mother remarried to family friend and neighbor, Arthur Meigs Goodwin, and Ford lived with them. She got a job as assistant to the fashion coordinator for Herpolsheimer's, a local department store, as well as organizing her own dance group and taught dance at various sites in Grand Rapids.

Marriages and family

In 1942, she married William C. Warren, who worked for his father in insurance sales, and whom she had known since she was 12. Warren began selling insurance for another company shortly after, later he worked for Continental Can Co., and after that Widdicomb Furniture, and the couple moved frequently because of his work. At one point, they lived in Toledo, Ohio, where she was employed at the department store Lasalle & Koch as a demonstrator, a job that entailed being a model and saleswoman. She worked a production line for a frozen-food company in Fulton, New York, and once back in Grand Rapids returned to work at Herpolsheimer's, this time as "''The''" Fashion Coordinator. Warren was an alcoholic and in poor health. Just after Betty decided to file for divorce, he went into a coma. She took care of him for another two years as he convalesced, at his family's home. She stayed upstairs while he was nursed downstairs. Then when he recovered, they were finally divorced on September 22, 1947, on the grounds of "excessive, repeated cruelty". They had no children.

On October 15, 1948, she married Gerald Ford, a lawyer and World War II veteran, at Grace Episcopal Church, in Grand Rapids. Gerald Ford was then campaigning for what would be his first of thirteen terms as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives, and the wedding was delayed until shortly before the elections because, as ''The New York Times'' reported, "Jerry was running for Congress and wasn't sure how voters might feel about his marrying a divorced ex-dancer."

Married for fifty-eight years until his death, the couple had three sons: Michael Gerald Ford (born 1950), John Gardner Ford (nicknamed Jack; born 1952), Steven Meigs Ford (born 1956), and a daughter, Susan Elizabeth Ford (born 1957). She never spanked or hit her children, believing that there were better, more constructive ways to deal with discipline and punishment.

The Fords moved to the Virginia suburbs of Washington, D.C., and lived there for twenty-five years. Gerald Ford rose to become the highest-ranking Republican in the House, then was appointed Vice President to Richard Nixon when Spiro Agnew resigned from that position in 1973. He became president in 1974, upon Nixon's resignation in the wake of the Watergate scandal.

They were among the more openly affectionate First Couples in American history. Neither was shy about their mutual love and equal respect, and they were known to have a strong personal and political partnership.

First Lady of the United States

National power, influence, and candor

When compared to her predecessor, Pat Nixon, who was noted by one reporter to be the "most disciplined, composed first lady in history", reporters questioned what kind of first lady Ford would be. In the opinion of ''The New York Times'' and several presidential historians, "Mrs. Ford's impact on American culture may be far wider and more lasting than that of her husband, who served a mere 896 days, much of it spent trying to restore the dignity of the office of the president."

The paper went on to describe her as "a product and symbol of the cultural and political times — doing the Bump dance along the corridors of the White House, donning a mood ring, chatting on her CB radio with the handle First Mama — a housewife who argued passionately for equal rights for women, a mother of four who mused about drugs, abortion and premarital sex aloud and without regret." In 1975, in an interview with ''McCall's'', Ford said that she was asked just about everything, except for how often she and the president had sex. "And if they'd asked me that I would have told them," she said, adding that her response would be, "As often as possible."

She was open about the benefits of psychiatric treatment, and spoke understandingly about marijuana use and premarital sex, and as a new First Lady pointedly stated during a televised White House tour that she and the President shared the same bed. After Ford appeared on ''60 Minutes'' in a characteristically candid interview in which she discussed how she would counsel her daughter if she was having an affair, saying that she "would not be surprised," and the possibility that her children may have experimented with marijuana. Some conservatives called her "No Lady" and even demanded her "resignation", but her overall approval rating was at seventy-five percent. As she later said, during her husband's failed 1976 presidential campaign, "I would give my life to have Jerry have my poll numbers."

Social policy and political activism

left|thumb|Betty Ford's official White House portrait, painted in 1977 by Felix de CossioDuring her time as First Lady, Ford was also an outspoken advocate of women's rights and was a prominent force in the Women's Movement of the 1970s. She supported the proposed ERA and lobbied state legislatures to ratify the amendment, and took on opponents of the amendment. She was also un-apologetically pro-choice and her active political role prompted ''Time'' to call her the country's "Fighting First Lady" and name her a Woman of the Year in 1975, representing American women along with other feminist icons.

For a time, it was unclear whether Gerald Ford shared his wife's pro-choice viewpoint. However, in December 1999, he told interviewer Larry King that he, too, was pro-choice and had been criticized for that stance by conservative forces within the Republican Party.

Health and breast cancer awareness

Weeks after Ford became First Lady, she underwent a mastectomy for breast cancer on September 28, 1974, after being diagnosed with the disease. Ford decided to be open about her cancer because "There had been so much cover-up during Watergate that we wanted to be sure there would be no cover-up in the Ford administration" Her openness about her illness raised the visibility of a disease that Americans had previously been reluctant to talk about. "When other women have this same operation, it doesn't make any headlines," she told ''Time''. "But the fact that I was the wife of the President put it in headlines and brought before the public this particular experience I was going through. It made a lot of women realize that it could happen to them. I'm sure I've saved at least one person — maybe more." Further amplifying the public awareness of breast cancer were reports that several weeks after Ford's cancer surgery, Happy Rockefeller, the wife of vice president Nelson Rockefeller, also underwent a mastectomy. The spike in women self-examining after Ford went public with the diagnosis led to an increase in reported cases of breast cancer, a phenomenon known as the "Betty Ford blip".

The arts

Ford was an advocate of the arts while First Lady and was instrumental in Martha Graham receiving the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1976. She received an award from Parsons The New School for Design in recognition of her style.

Conceding the 1976 election

After Gerald Ford's defeat by Jimmy Carter in the 1976 Presidential election she delivered her husband's concession speech because he lost his voice while campaigning.

Post-White House career

After leaving the White House in 1977, she continued to lead an active public life. In addition to founding the Betty Ford Center, she remained active in women's issues taking on numerous speaking engagements and lending her name to charities for fundraising.

The Betty Ford Center

In 1978, the Ford family staged an intervention and forced her to confront her alcoholism and an addiction to opioid analgesics that had been prescribed in the early 1960s for a pinched nerve. "I liked alcohol," she wrote in her 1987 memoir. "It made me feel warm. And I loved pills. They took away my tension and my pain". In 1982, after her recovery, she established the Betty Ford Center (initially called the Betty Ford Clinic) in Rancho Mirage, California, for the treatment of chemical dependency. She co-authored with Chris Chase a 1987 book about her treatment, ''Betty: A Glad Awakening''. In 2003, Ford produced another book, ''Healing and Hope: Six Women from the Betty Ford Center Share Their Powerful Journeys of Addiction and Recovery''.

In 2005, Ford relinquished her chair of the center's board of directors to her daughter Susan. She had held the top post at the center since its founding. Her husband joked about how she had been chairperson of the board while he had only been a president.

Women's movement

Ford continued to be an active leader and activist of the feminist movement after the Ford administration, and continued to strongly advocate and lobby politicians and state legislatures for passage of the ERA. In 1977, President Jimmy Carter appointed Ford to the second National Commission on the Observance of International Women's Year (the first had been appointed by President Ford). That same year, she joined First Ladies Lady Bird Johnson and Rosalynn Carter to open and participate in the National Women's Conference in Houston, Texas, where she endorsed measures in the convention's National Plan of Action, a report sent to the state legislatures, the U.S. Congress, and the President on how to improve the status of American women. As she was during her years in the White House, Ford continued to be an outspoken supporter of equal pay, breast cancer awareness, and the ERA throughout her life.

In 1978, the deadline for ratification of the ERA was extended from 1979 to 1982, resulting largely from a march of a hundred thousand people on Pennsylvania Avenue in Washington. The march was led by prominent feminist leaders, including Ford, Bella Abzug, Elizabeth Chittick, Betty Friedan and Gloria Steinem. In 1981, Eleanor Smeal, the National Organization for Women's president, announced Ford's appointment to be the co-chair, with Alan Alda, of the ERA Countdown Campaign. As the deadline approached, Ford led marches, parades and rallies for the ERA with other feminists including First Daughter Maureen Reagan and various Hollywood actors. Ford was credited with rejuvenating the ERA movement and inspiring more women to continue working for the ERA and visited states, including Illinois, where ratification was believed to have the most realistic chance of passing. In 2004, she reaffirmed her pro-choice stance and her support for the 1973 U.S. Supreme Court decision in ''Roe v. Wade'' and reaffirmed her belief in and support for the ratification of the ERA.

Later life

In 1987, Ford underwent quadruple coronary bypass surgery and recovered without complications.

In November 18, 1991, she was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President George H.W. Bush and a Congressional Gold Medal in 1999. A Golden Palm Star on the Palm Springs Walk of Stars was dedicated to her and her husband in 1999.

On May 8, 2003, Ford received the Woodrow Wilson Award in Los Angeles for her public service from the Woodrow Wilson Center of the Smithsonian Institution.

During these years, she and her husband resided in Rancho Mirage and in Beaver Creek, Colorado.

Gerald Ford died, age 93, at their Rancho Mirage home of heart failure on December 26, 2006. Despite her advanced age and frail physical condition, Ford traveled across the country and took part in the funeral events in California, Washington, D.C., and Michigan.

Following her husband's death, Ford continued to live in Rancho Mirage. She was the third longest-lived first lady behind Bess Truman and Lady Bird Johnson. Poor health and increasing frailty due to operations in August 2006 and April 2007 for blood clots in her legs caused her to largely curtail her public life. Her ill health prevented her from attending Johnson's funeral in July 2007; Ford's daughter Susan represented her mother at the funeral service.

Gerald and Betty Ford were the first U.S. President and First Lady to both live into their nineties. Bess Truman and Lady Bird Johnson lived into their nineties but their husbands Harry S. Truman and Lyndon B. Johnson did not. Herbert Hoover and John Adams both lived into their nineties but their wives Lou Henry Hoover and Abigail Adams did not. On April 8, 2011, Ford turned 93, the same age that her late husband, President Ford reached on his last birthday, July 14, 2006. On July 6, 2011, former First Lady Nancy Reagan turned 90, and thus she and her husband, former President Ronald Reagan, joined the Fords as the second first couple to both live into their nineties.

Death and funeral

Betty Ford died of natural causes on July 8, 2011, at Eisenhower Medical Center in Rancho Mirage, aged 93.

Funeral services were held in Palm Desert, California, on July 12, 2011, with over 800 people in attendance, including former president George W. Bush, First Lady Michelle Obama and former first ladies Rosalynn Carter, Nancy Reagan and Hillary Rodham Clinton. Rosalynn Carter, Cokie Roberts and Geoffrey Mason, a member of the Board of the Betty Ford Center delivered eulogies.

On July 13, her casket was flown to Grand Rapids where it lay in repose at the Gerald Ford Museum overnight.

On July 14, a second service was held at Grace Episcopal Church with eulogies given by Lynne Cheney, former Ford Museum director Richard Norton Smith and son, Steven. In attendance were former President Bill Clinton, former Vice President Dick Cheney and former first lady Barbara Bush. In her remarks, Mrs. Cheney noted that July 14 would have been Gerald Ford's 98th birthday. After the service, she was buried next to her husband on the museum grounds.

Former President Clinton had been scheduled to fly to Washington, D.C., meet his wife, and travel to the service in Palm Springs. However, a mechanical problem caused his plane to be delayed and, after discussing the situation, they agreed that she would leave without him in order to arrive on time.

Bibliography

See also

Feminist Movement in the United States (1963–1982)

List of breast cancer patients according to occupation

List of First Ladies of the United States

Notes

External links

Remembering Betty Ford — slideshow by ''Life''

Ford, Betty from ''Encyclopædia Britannica''

Category:1918 births Category:2011 deaths Category:20th-century women writers Category:21st-century women writers Category:Activists from California Category:American dancers Category:American Episcopalians Category:American female models Category:American memoirists Category:American women's rights activists Category:American women writers Category:Breast cancer survivors Category:Burials in Michigan Category:California Republicans Category:Congressional Gold Medal recipients Category:Death in California Category:First Ladies of the United States Category:Gerald Ford family Category:Michigan Republicans Category:People from Grand Rapids, Michigan Category:People from Manhattan Category:People from Riverside County, California Category:People self-identifying as alcoholics Category:Second Ladies of the United States Category:Spouses of members of the United States House of Representatives Category:Writers from California Category:Writers from Chicago, Illinois Category:Writers from Michigan Category:Writers from Virginia

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name	Mary Tyler Moore
birth date	December 29, 1936
birth place	Brooklyn, New York, U.S.
occupation	Actress
nationality	American
education	Immaculate Heart High School
home town	Minneapolis, Minnesota
television	The Mary Tyler Moore Show The Dick Van Dyke Show
years active	1958–present
spouse	Dick Meeker (1955–1961)Grant Tinker (1962–1981)Robert Levine (1983–present)
children	Richard Meeker (deceased) }}

Mary Tyler Moore (born December 29, 1936) is an American actress, primarily known for her roles in television sitcoms. Moore is best known for ''The Mary Tyler Moore Show'' (1970–77), in which she starred as Mary Richards, a 30-something single woman who worked as a local news producer in Minneapolis, and for her earlier role as Laura Petrie (Dick Van Dyke's wife) on ''The Dick Van Dyke Show'' (1961–66). She also appeared in a number of films, most notably 1980's ''Ordinary People'', in which she played a role that was the polar opposite of the television characters she had portrayed, and for which she was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actress. Moore has also been active in charity work and various political causes, particularly around the issues of animal rights and Diabetes mellitus type 1. Mary Tyler Moore was diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes at the beginning of The Mary Tyler Moore Show, and also dealt with alcoholism, which was treated in the 1980s. In May 2011, Moore underwent elective brain surgery to remove a benign meningioma.

Early life

Mary Tyler Moore was born in the Brooklyn Heights section of Brooklyn, New York, to George Tyler Moore, a clerk, and his wife Marjorie (Hackett). Her father was Roman Catholic and her mother a Catholic convert. Mary was the eldest of three siblings. Her maternal grandparents were immigrants from England. Her paternal great-grandfather, Lieutenant Colonel Lewis Tilghman Moore, owned the house which is now Stonewall Jackson's Headquarters Museum. Moore's family moved to Los Angeles when she was eight years old. She attended Saint Rose of Lima, a Catholic school in Brooklyn, followed by St. Ambrose School (Los Angeles) and the Immaculate Heart High School (Los Feliz).

Career

Television

At the age of 17, Moore aspired to be a dancer. She started her career as "Happy Hotpoint", a tiny elf dancing on Hotpoint appliances in TV commercials during the 1950s series ''Ozzie and Harriet''. She appeared in 39 TV commercials in five days, ultimately earning about $6,000 from her first job. Her time as "Happy Hotpoint" ended when it became difficult to conceal her pregnancy in the dancing elf costume. Moore modeled anonymously on the covers of a number of record albums and auditioned for the role of the older daughter of Danny Thomas for his long-running TV show, but was turned down. Much later, Thomas explained that "no daughter of mine could have that [little] nose."

Moore's first regular television role was as a mysterious and glamorous telephone receptionist on ''Richard Diamond, Private Detective''. To add to the mystique, only her voice was heard and her shapely legs appeared on camera. About this time, she guest-starred on John Cassavetes's NBC detective series ''Johnny Staccato''. In 1960, she guest starred in two episodes, "The O'Mara's Ladies" and "All The O'Mara's Horses", of the William Bendix-Doug McClure NBC western series, ''Overland Trail''. Several months later, she appeared in the first episode, entitled "One Blonde Too Many", of NBC's one-season ''The Tab Hunter Show'', a sitcom starring the former teen idol as a bachelor cartoonist. In 1961, Moore appeared in several big parts in movies and on television, including ''Bourbon Street Beat'', ''77 Sunset Strip'', ''Surfside Six'', ''Wanted: Dead or Alive'', ''Steve Canyon'', ''Hawaiian Eye'', ''Thriller'' and ''Lock-Up''.

In 1961, Carl Reiner cast her in ''The Dick Van Dyke Show'', an acclaimed weekly series based on Reiner's own life and career as a writer for Sid Caesar's television variety show, telling the cast from the outset that it would run no more than five years. The show was produced by Danny Thomas's company, and Thomas himself recommended her. He remembered Mary as "the girl with three names" whom he had turned down earlier. Moore's energetic comic performances as Van Dyke's character's wife, begun at age 24 (eleven years Van Dyke's junior), made both the actress and her signature tight capri pants extremely popular, and she became internationally famous. When she won an Emmy award for her portrayal of Laura Petrie, she said, "I know this will never happen again." Mary Tyler Moore recently stated on ''The Rachael Ray Show'' that she was actually 23 years old when she first starred on the Dick Van Dyke Show. She had told producers that she was 24 because she heard that initially Dick Van Dyke had stated that she might be too young for the part.

In 1970, after having appeared earlier in a pivotal one-hour musical special called "Dick Van Dyke and the Other Woman", Moore and husband Grant Tinker successfully pitched a sitcom centered on Moore to CBS. ''The Mary Tyler Moore Show'' was a half-hour newsroom sitcom featuring Ed Asner as her gruff boss Lou Grant, a character that would later be spun off into an hour-long dramatic series. The premise of the single working woman's life, alternating during the program between work and home, became a television staple. After six years of ratings in the top 20, the show slipped to number #39 during its seventh season. Producers argued for its cancellation because of its falling ratings, afraid that the show's legacy might be damaged if it were renewed for another season. To the surprise of the entire cast including Mary Tyler Moore herself, it was announced that they would soon be filming their final episode. After the announcement, the series finished strongly and the final show was the most watched show during the week it aired. The 1977 season would go on to win an ''Emmy Award'' for Outstanding Comedy Series, to add to the awards it had won in 1975 and 1976. The series had become a touchpoint of the Women's Movement because it was one of the first to show, in a serious way, an independent working woman.

After a brief respite, Moore threw herself into a completely different genre. She attempted two unsuccessful series in a row: ''Mary'', which featured David Letterman, Michael Keaton, Swoosie Kurtz and Dick Shawn in the supporting cast and lasted three episodes, which was re-tooled as ''The Mary Tyler Moore Hour'', a backstage show within a show, with Mary portraying a TV star putting on a variety show. To arouse curiosity and nostalgic feelings, Dick Van Dyke appeared as her guest, but the program was canceled within three months. About this time, she also made a one-off musical/variety special for CBS, titled ''Mary's Incredible Dream'', which featured John Ritter, among others. It did poorly in the ratings and, according to Moore, was never repeated and will likely never be aired again because of legal problems surrounding the show.

In the 1985–86 season, she returned to CBS in a series titled ''Mary'', which suffered from poor reviews, sagging ratings, and internal strife within the production crew. According to Moore, she asked CBS to pull the show, as she was unhappy with the direction of the program and the producers. She also starred in the short-lived ''Annie McGuire'' in 1988. In the mid-1990s, she had a cameo and a guest starring role as herself on two episodes of ''Ellen''. She subsequently also guest starred on Ellen DeGeneres's next TV show, ''The Ellen Show'', in 2001. In 2004, Moore reunited with her ''Dick Van Dyke Show'' castmates for a reunion "episode" called ''The Dick Van Dyke Show Revisited''.

In August 2005, Moore guest-starred as Christine St. George, a high-strung host of a fictional TV show on three episodes of Fox sitcom ''That '70s Show''. Moore's scenes were shot on the same soundstage where ''The Mary Tyler Moore Show'' was filmed in the 1970s. Moore made a guest appearance on the season 2 premiere of ''Hot in Cleveland'', which stars her old co-star Betty White. This marked the first time that White and Moore had worked together since ''The Mary Tyler Moore Show'' ended in 1977.

Theatre

Moore appeared in several Broadway plays. She starred in ''Whose Life Is It Anyway'' with James Naughton, which opened on Broadway at the Royale Theatre on February 24, 1980, and ran for 96 performances, and in ''Sweet Sue'', which opened at the Music Box Theatre (transferred to the Royale Theatre) on Jan. 8, 1988, and ran for 164 performances. She was the star of a new musical version of ''Breakfast at Tiffany's'' in December 1966, but the show, titled ''Holly Golightly'', was a notorious flop that closed in previews before opening on Broadway. In reviews of performances in Philadelphia and Boston, critics "murdered" the play in which Moore claimed to be singing with bronchial pneumonia. During the 1980s, Moore and her production company produced five plays: ''Noises Off'', ''The Octette Bridge Club'', ''Joe Egg'', ''Benefactors'', and ''Safe Sex''. She appeared in previews of the Neil Simon play ''Rose's Dilemma'' at the off-Broadway Manhattan Theatre Club in December 2003 but quit the production after receiving a critical letter from Simon instructing her to "learn your lines or get out of my play". Moore had been using an earpiece on stage to feed her lines to the repeatedly rewritten play.

Movies

Moore made her film debut in 1961's ''X-15''. She subsequently appeared in a string of 1960s films (after signing an exclusive contract with Universal Pictures), including 1967's ''Thoroughly Modern Millie'' with Julie Andrews and 1968's ''What's So Bad About Feeling Good?'' with George Peppard, and ''Don't Just Stand There!''.

In 1969, she starred opposite Elvis Presley as a nun in ''Change of Habit''. Moore's future television castmate Ed Asner also appeared in that film (as a cop). After that film's disappointing reviews and reception at the box office, Moore returned to television, and did not appear in another feature film for eleven years. She was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress for 1980's ''Ordinary People''. Other feature film credits include ''Just Between Friends'' and ''Flirting with Disaster''.

She has appeared in a number of television movies, including ''Like Mother, Like Son'', ''Run a Crooked Mile'', ''Heartsounds'', ''The Gin Game'' (based on the Broadway play; reuniting her with Dick Van Dyke), ''Mary and Rhoda'', ''Finnegan Begin Again''. and ''Stolen Babies'' for which she won an Emmy Award in 1993.

Author

Moore has written two memoirs. The first, ''After All'', released in 1995, in which she acknowledged that she is a recovering alcoholic. The next, ''Growing Up Again: Life, Loves, and Oh Yeah, Diabetes'', was released on April 1, 2009, and focuses on living with type 1 diabetes (St. Martin's Press; ISBN 10: 0312376316).

Personal life

Family

In 1955, at age 18, she married Richard Carleton Meeker whom Mary described as "the boy next door," and within six weeks was pregnant with her only child, Richard, Jr. (born July 3, 1956). Coincidentally, he was known as "Richie," which was also the name of her TV son on ''The Dick Van Dyke Show''. Meeker and Moore divorced in 1961. Moore married Grant Tinker, a CBS executive (later chairman of NBC), in 1962, and in 1970 they formed the television production company MTM Enterprises, which created and produced the company's first television series, ''The Mary Tyler Moore Show''. Moore and Tinker divorced in 1981. She married Dr. Robert Levine on November 23, 1983, at the Pierre Hotel in New York City. They met when her mother was treated by him in New York City on a weekend housecall, after Moore and her mother returned from a visit to the Vatican where they had personal audience with Pope John Paul II. On October 14, 1980, at the age of 24, Mary's son Richie died of a self-inflicted gunshot wound, accidentally shooting himself in the head while handling a sawed-off shotgun. The gun was later taken off the market because of its "hair trigger". Just before his death, Moore had secured a job for him in the CBS mailroom.

Charity work

In addition to her acting work, Moore is the International Chairman of the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation International. In this role, she has used her profile to help raise funds and raise awareness of diabetes mellitus type 1, which she has, almost losing her vision and at least one limb to the disease.

In 2007, in honor of Moore's dedication to the Foundation, JDRF created the "Forever Moore" research initiative which will support JDRF's Academic Research and Development and JDRF's Clinical Development Program. The program works on translating basic research advances into new treatments and technologies for those living with type 1 diabetes.

She also adopted a Golden Retriever puppy from Yankee Golden Retriever Rescue in Hudson, Massachusetts. She is an animal rights activist and promoted her cause on the Ellen DeGeneres sitcom ''Ellen''. She has worked for animal rights for many years. She has worked with Farm Sanctuary to raise awareness about the cruelty of factory farming and to promote the compassionate treatment of farm animals.

She is also a co-founder of Broadway Barks, an annual animal adopt-a-thon held in New York City. Moore and friend Bernadette Peters work to make New York City a no-kill city and to promote adopting animals from shelters.

After her work with multiple cat adoption organizations, she herself has adopted over 132 cats that live with her at her ranch.

In honor of her father, George Tyler Moore, a life-long American Civil War enthusiast, in 1995 Moore donated funds to acquire a historic structure in Shepherdstown, West Virginia, for Shepherd College (now Shepherd University) to be used as a center for Civil War studies. The center, named the George Tyler Moore Center for the Study of the Civil War is housed in the historic Conrad Shindler house (ca. 1795), which is named in honor of her great-great-great-grandfather, who owned the structure from 1815–52. Moore also contributed to the renovation of the house used as headquarters during 1861–1862 by Major General Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson. Use of the house had been offered to Jackson by its owner, Lieutenant Colonel Lewis Tilghman Moore, commander of the 4th Virginia Infantry and a great-grandfather of Mary Tyler Moore.

Moore supports embryonic stem cell research. When President George W. Bush announced that he would veto the Senate's bill supporting the research, she said, "This is an intelligent human being with a heart, and I don't see how much longer he can deny those aspects of himself."

Politics

During the 1960s and 1970s, Moore could have been described more as a liberal or moderate liberal. However, during a 2011 interview with former castmate Ed Asner on the O'Reilly Factor, Asner stated that Moore "has become much more conservative of late." In fact, Bill O'Reilly admits that Moore had been a major viewer of his show, which describes how her political views had leaned towards the right in recent years. In a ''Parade'' article dated March 22, 2009, Moore identified herself as a "libertarian centrist", but does admit to frequently watching Fox News. "...when one looks at what's happened to television, there are so few shows that interest me. I do watch a lot of Fox News. I like Charles Krauthammer and Bill O'Reilly...If McCain had asked me to campaign for him, I would have."

Honors

In 1984, she was awarded the ''Women in Film'' Crystal Award. In May 2002, Moore was present as cable TV network TV Land dedicated a statue in downtown Minneapolis to the television character she made famous on ''Mary Tyler Moore''. The statue is in front of the Dayton's (now Macy's) department store, near the corner of 7th Street and Nicollet Mall. It depicts the iconic moment in the show's opening credits where Moore tosses her tam o'shanter in the air, in a freeze-frame at the end of the montage. Moore was awarded the 2011 Screen Actors Guild's lifetime achievement award.

Moore was awarded seven Emmy Awards:

Outstanding Supporting Actress In A Miniseries Or Special - 1993

Outstanding Lead Actress In A Comedy Series - 1976

Actress Of The Year-series - 1974

Best Lead Actress In A Comedy Series - 1974

Outstanding Continued Performance By An Actress - 1973

Outstanding Continued Performance By An Actress - 1966

Outstanding Continued Performance By An Actress - 1964

Screen Actor's Guild Lifetime Achievement Award - 2012

Moore was awarded three Golden Globe Awards:

Best Performance by an Actress in a Motion Picture - 1981

Best Performance by an Actress In A Television Series - 1971

Actress In A Television Series - 1965

MTM Enterprises

Moore also founded MTM Enterprises, Inc. in 1969. This company produced ''The Mary Tyler Moore Show'' and several other television shows and films. It also included a record label, MTM Records. MTM Enterprises later produced popular American sitcoms and drama television series such as ''Rhoda'' and ''Phyllis'' (both spin-offs from ''The Mary Tyler Moore Show''), ''The Bob Newhart Show'', ''WKRP in Cincinnati'', ''Hill Street Blues'', and ''Newhart''. It was later sold to Television South, an ITV Franchise holder during the 1980s.

The MTM logo was a short video sequence parodying the MGM logo, but with a cat mewing instead of a lion roaring.

Filmography

Television

''Club Oasis'' (1957), uncredited dancer

''Schlitz Playhouse Of The Stars'' (1959), Student # 1 in episode 'Ivy League'

''Steve Canyon'' (1959), Second Spanish girl (as Mary Moore)

''Richard Diamond, Private Detective''

''Riverboat'' (1959), Brunette in carriage in 'A Night At Trappers Landing'

''77 Sunset Strip'' (1959), Girl # 1 in 'The Kookie Caper' and Marie Drew in 'Thanks For Tomorrow'

''Bachelor Father'' (1960), guest star in 'Bentley and the Combo'

''Checkmate (TV series)'' (1960), secretary in 'Lady on the Brink' with ''Jane Wyman''

''The Tab Hunter Show'' (1960), guest star in the first episode

''Stagecoach'' (1961)

''The Dick Van Dyke Show'' (1961–1966)

''Run a Crooked Mile''

''The Mary Tyler Moore Show'' (1970–1977)

''Rhoda'' (1974–1978)

''Phyllis'' (1976–1977)

''How To Survive the '70s (special)'' (1978)

''Mary'' (1978)

''First, You Cry'' (1978)

''The Mary Tyler Moore Hour'' (1979)

''Heartsounds'' (1984)

''Finnegan Begin Again'' (1985)

''Mary'' (1985–1986)

''Lincoln'' (1988)

''Annie McGuire'' (1988)

''The Last Best Year'' (1990)

''Thanksgiving Day'' (1990)

''Stolen Babies'' (1993)

''New York News'' (1995)

''Stolen Memories: Secrets from the Rose Garden'' (1996)

''Ellen'' (1996)

''Payback'' (1997)

''Good as Gold'' (2000)

''Mary and Rhoda'' (2000)

''Like Mother, Like Son'' (2001)

''The Ellen Show'' (2001)

''Miss Lettie and Me'' (2002)

''The Gin Game'' (2003)

''Blessings'' (2003)

''The Dick Van Dyke Show Revisited'' (2004)

''Snow Wonder'' (2005)

''That '70s Show'' (2005)

''Lipstick Jungle'' (2008)

''Oprah'' (May 19, 2008)

''Good Morning America'' (March 31, 2009)

''Hot in Cleveland'' (January 19, 2011)

Film

! Year	! Title	! Role	Notes
1957	''Operation Mad Ball''	Army nurse	uncredited
1958	''Once Upon a Horse...''	Dance hall girl	uncredited
1961		Pamela Stewart
1967	''Thoroughly Modern Millie''	Miss Dorothy Brown
1968	''What's So Bad About Feeling Good?''	Liz
1968	''Don't Just Stand There!''	Martine Randall
1969	''Change of Habit''	Sister Michelle Gallagher	Elvis Presley's last nonconcert movie
1980	''Ordinary People''	Beth Jarrett	Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Motion Picture DramaNominated—Academy Award for Best ActressNominated—BAFTA Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role
1982	''Six Weeks''	Charlotte Dreyfus
1986	''Just Between Friends''	Holly Davis
1996		Pearl Coplin	Chlotrudis Award for Best Supporting Actress
1996	''''	Granny Rose	voice
1997	''Keys to Tulsa''	Cynthia Boudreau
1998	''Reno Finds Her Mom''	Herself
2000	''Labor Pains''	Esther Raymond
2002		Mrs. Stark
2009		Mom

References

External links

Mary Tyler Moore at TVGuide.com

The Museum of Broadcast Communications biography of Moore

''The Mary Tyler Moore Show'' Online

"Remembering the Dick Van Dyke Show" (Mary Tyler Moore)

Mary Tyler Moore Archive of American Television Interview

Mary Tyler Moore at Emmys.com

Category:1936 births Category:Actors from New York City Category:American film actors Category:American health activists Category:American people of English descent Category:American people of Irish descent Category:American stage actors Category:American television actors Category:American television producers Category:Animal rights advocates Category:Best Drama Actress Golden Globe (film) winners Category:Best Musical or Comedy Actress Golden Globe (television) winners Category:Emmy Award winners Category:Living people Category:People from Brooklyn Category:People from the Greater Los Angeles Area Category:People self-identifying as alcoholics Category:Pescetarians Category:Women comedians

cy:Mary Tyler Moore da:Mary Tyler Moore de:Mary Tyler Moore es:Mary Tyler Moore fr:Mary Tyler Moore gl:Mary Tyler Moore it:Mary Tyler Moore he:מרי טיילר מור kk:Мур Мэри Тайлер nl:Mary Tyler Moore ja:メアリー・タイラー・ムーア no:Mary Tyler Moore pl:Mary Tyler Moore pt:Mary Tyler Moore ru:Мур, Мэри Тайлер simple:Mary Tyler Moore sr:Мери Тајлер Мур sh:Mary Tyler Moore fi:Mary Tyler Moore sv:Mary Tyler Moore tl:Mary Tyler Moore

name	Lindsay Lohan
birth date	July 02, 1986
birth place	New York City, United States
occupation	Actress, singer, model
years active	1989–present
parents	Michael LohanDina Lohan
relatives	Aliana Lohan (sister)
website	}}

Lindsay Lohan (; born July 2, 1986) is an American actress, recording artist, and model. She began her career as a child fashion model before making her motion picture debut in Walt Disney's 1998 remake of ''The Parent Trap'' at the age of 11. Lohan gained further fame with leading roles in the films ''Freaky Friday'' (2003), ''Mean Girls'' (2004), and ''Herbie: Fully Loaded'' (2005). In 2006 she appeared in independent films including Robert Altman's ''A Prairie Home Companion'' and Emilio Estevez's ''Bobby''. In 2004, Lohan launched a second career as a recording artist with her debut album ''Speak'', which was followed by ''A Little More Personal (Raw)'' in 2005.

In 2007, her career was interrupted when two driving under the influence (DUI) incidents and three visits to rehabilitation facilities led to the loss of several movie deals. Resuming her career, she guest starred in the TV series ''Ugly Betty'' in 2008, and starred in the TV comedy film ''Labor Pains'' in 2009. In 2010, she appeared in Robert Rodriguez's film ''Machete''. She has attracted a great deal of publicity, particularly surrounding her personal life.

Life and career

Early life and education

Lohan was born in New York City and grew up in Merrick and Cold Spring Harbor on Long Island, New York. She is the eldest child of Donata "Dina" (née Sullivan) and Michael Lohan. Lindsay has three younger siblings, all of whom have been models or actors: Michael Jr. (who appeared with Lindsay in ''The Parent Trap''), Aliana "Ali", and Dakota "Cody", the youngest Lohan child. Lohan is of Irish and Italian heritage and was raised as a Catholic. Her maternal family were "well known Irish Catholic stalwarts" and her great-grandfather, John L. Sullivan, was a co-founder of the Pro-life Party in Long Island. Lohan attended Cold Spring Harbor High School, where she did well in science and mathematics, until grade 11, when she started homeschooling.

Lohan's parents have a turbulent history. They married in 1985, separated when she was three, and later reunited. They separated again in 2005 and finalized their divorce in 2007. Her father, Michael, is a former Wall Street trader who has been in trouble with the law on several occasions, while her mother, Dina, is a former singer and dancer.

1989–2002: Early career and ''The Parent Trap''

Lohan began her career as a child model with Ford Models at the age of three. She modeled for Calvin Klein Kids and Abercrombie kids, and appeared in over 100 television commercials, including those for Pizza Hut and Wendy's, as well as a Jell-O spot with Bill Cosby. By the age of 10, when Lohan played Alexandra "Alli" Fowler in the series ''Another World'', ''Soap Opera Magazine'' said she was already considered a show-business veteran.

Lohan remained in the role for a year, before leaving to star in Disney's 1998 family comedy ''The Parent Trap'', a remake of the 1961 movie. She played dual roles of estranged twins who try to reunite their long-divorced parents, played by Dennis Quaid and Natasha Richardson. The film earned $92 million worldwide, and critic Kenneth Turan called Lohan "the soul of this film as much as Hayley Mills was of the original", going on to say that "she is more adept than her predecessor at creating two distinct personalities". The film won Lohan a Young Artist Award for best performance in a feature film as well as a three-film contract with Disney.

At the age of 14, Lohan played Bette Midler's daughter in the pilot episode of the short-lived series, ''Bette'', but resigned her role when the production moved from New York to Los Angeles. She also starred in two Disney television movies: ''Life-Size'' opposite Tyra Banks in 2000, and ''Get a Clue'' in 2002.

2003–04: ''Freaky Friday'', ''Mean Girls'' and ''Speak''

Lohan starred as Anna Coleman alongside Jamie Lee Curtis in the 2003 family comedy ''Freaky Friday.'' At Lohan's own initiative, her character was rewritten and changed from a Goth style to be more relatable. Critic Roger Ebert wrote that Lohan "has that Jodie Foster sort of seriousness and intent focus beneath her teenage persona." ''Freaky Friday'' earned Lohan the award for Breakthrough Performance at the 2004 MTV Movie Awards and, , it remains her most commercially successful film, earning $160 million worldwide as well as an 88 percent approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes.

Aiming to become a triple threat — actor, singer and dancer, similar to Ann-Margret and Marilyn Monroe — Lohan began showcasing her singing through her acting. For the ''Freaky Friday'' soundtrack, she sang the closing theme, "Ultimate," as well as recording four songs for the ''Confessions of a Teenage Drama Queen'' soundtrack. Producer Emilio Estefan, Jr. signed Lohan to a five-album production deal in 2002. Two years later, Lohan signed a recording contract with Casablanca Records, headed by Tommy Mottola.

In 2004, Lohan had two lead roles. The first, ''Confessions of a Teenage Drama Queen'', earned a domestic box office total of $29 million, with Brandon Gray of Box Office Mojo commenting that it was "well above expectations as it was strictly for young girls." The film overall, however, did not meet with critical acclaim. Robert K. Elder of Metromix wrote that, "though still a promising star, Lohan will have to do a little penance before she's forgiven for ''Confessions''."

The teen comedy ''Mean Girls'' was Lohan's first movie independent of Disney. The film was a critical and commercial success, grossing $129 million worldwide and, according to Brandon Gray, "cementing her status as the new teen movie queen," while Steve Rhodes wrote that "Lohan dazzles us once more. The smartly written script is a perfect match for her intelligent brand of comedy." Lohan received four awards at the 2004 Teen Choice Awards for ''Freaky Friday'' and ''Mean Girls'', including Breakout Movie Star. ''Mean Girls'' also earned her two awards at the 2005 MTV Movie Awards, Best Female Performance and Best On-Screen Team along with several other cast members.

Lohan, then 17, became the youngest host of the MTV Movie Awards in 2004. Following ''Mean Girls'', which was scripted by Tina Fey and featured several alumni of ''Saturday Night Live'', Lohan hosted the show three times between 2004 and 2006, as well as hosting the 2006 World Music Awards.

''Speak'', Lohan's début album, was released in December 2004, peaking at number four on the ''Billboard'' 200 and earning Platinum certification by early 2005. Lohan cowrote six of the twelve songs on the album. The album was praised by Linda McGee of RTÉ, who awarded it 4 out of 5 stars and commented that "''Speak'' opens with all the raw emotion and teenage angst that you'd expect from an artist of Lohan's age," and that, "while her vocals are not sensational, their gritty edge keeps Lohan more than afloat throughout this album" as well as comparing the album to the early music of Avril Lavigne. Allmusic, however, awarded it 2 out of 5 stars and claimed the album "feels more like a byproduct of an overdriven, overamplified celebrity culture than an actual album." Though primarily a pop album, ''Speak'' was introduced with the single "Rumors." Described by ''Rolling Stone'' as "a bass-heavy, angry club anthem," "Rumors" details Lohan's complaints with the paparazzi and eventually earned a Gold certification in the United States.

While shooting ''Herbie: Fully Loaded'' in 2004, Lohan was hospitalized with a kidney infection brought on by stress in her personal life and of recording her first album while the film was in production, prompting ''Vanity Fair'' to label it Lohan's "first disastrous shoot." The magazine also described how Lohan terminated the promotional tour and was de-emphasized on the movie poster due to "un-Disney-like behavior." Lohan began dating actor Wilmer Valderrama in 2004, guest-starring in an episode of ''That '70s Show'', of which Valderrama was a regular. According to ''Vanity Fair'', the breakup with Valderrama contributed to Lohan's issues during the shooting of ''Herbie: Fully Loaded''.

With ''Mean Girls'', Lohan's public profile was raised significantly and paparazzi began following her. She spent several years living out of hotels in Los Angeles, of which two years were spent at Chateau Marmont. In late 2007, after settling down in more permanent residence, she explained that she spent so much time in hotels because she "didn't want to be alone" but that "it wasn't a way of life ... not very consistent." Lohan has had a series of car accidents that have been widely reported, with minor crashes in August 2004, October 2005, and November 2006, when Lohan suffered minor injuries because a paparazzo who was following her for a photograph hit her car. Police called the crash intentional, but prosecutors said there was not enough evidence to file criminal charges.

2005: ''Herbie: Fully Loaded'' and ''A Little More Personal (Raw)''

Lohan returned to Disney in 2005 for ''Herbie: Fully Loaded,'' the fifth film in the series with the anthropomorphic car Herbie. ''Fully Loaded'' earned $144 million worldwide and received mixed reviews. Stephen Holden of ''The New York Times'' called Lohan "a genuine star who ... seems completely at home on the screen", while James Berardinelli wrote that, "as bright a starlet as she may be, Lohan ends up playing second fiddle to the car." In 2005, Lohan became the first person to have a My Scene celebrity doll released by Mattel. She also voiced herself in the animated direct-to-DVD film ''My Scene Goes Hollywood'', based on the series of dolls.

Lohan's second album, ''A Little More Personal (Raw)'', was released in December 2005, debuting at number 20 on the Billboard 200 chart, falling under the top 100 within six weeks. Lohan cowrote six of the twelve songs on the album. ''Slant Magazine'' called the album "contrived ... for all the so-called weighty subject matter, there's not much meat on these bones." The album was certified Gold in early 2006. The music video for the album's first single, "Confessions of a Broken Heart (Daughter to Father)", was directed by Lohan and featured the acting debut of her sister, Ali Lohan. The video was a dramatization of the pain Lohan says her family has suffered at the hands of her father. It was Lohan's first song to chart on the ''Billboard Hot 100'', peaking at number 57.

Lohan's parents legally separated in December 2005 and finalized their divorce in 2007. Lohan spoke in 2007 about her childhood: "I feel like a second parent in the sense that I helped raise my family...I was put between my mother and father a lot. Well, I would put myself between them to try and keep the peace, and I felt good doing that." Despite the conflicts, Lohan calls herself "a family girl" and has spoken very fondly of her family, including her father. However, in 2007 and again in 2008 she stated that she was no longer in contact with him, describing his unpredictable behavior as hard to deal with. In November 2009, her father released recordings of private phone calls with and about Lohan to the media. She commented on Twitter: "I haven't had a real relationship w/Michael Sr. in years."

Lohan's next widely released film, the romantic comedy ''Just My Luck'', opened in May 2006 and, according to ''Variety'', earned Lohan over $7 million. The opening weekend box office takings of $5.7 million "broke lead actress Lindsay Lohan's winning streak" according to Brandon Gray. The film received poor reviews and earned Lohan her first Golden Raspberry nomination for worst actress.

2006–07: Independent movies and career interruptions

Following ''Just My Luck'', Lohan focused on smaller roles in more mature, independent movies. Robert Altman's ensemble comedy ''A Prairie Home Companion'', in which Lohan co-stars with Meryl Streep and Lily Tomlin, had a limited release in June 2006. Peter Travers wrote for ''Rolling Stone'' that "Lohan rises to the occasion, delivering a rock-the-house version of 'Frankie and Johnny'." Co-star Streep said of Lohan's acting: "She's in command of the art form" and "completely, visibly living in front of the camera." The Emilio Estevez drama ''Bobby'' was released in theaters in November 2006. Lohan received favorable comments for her performance, particularly a scene opposite Sharon Stone. As part of the ''Bobby'' ensemble cast, Lohan was nominated for a Screen Actors Guild Award and won an award for Ensemble Acting at the Hollywood Film Festival where she also won a Breakout Award for her work in 2006.

Lohan's next appearance was in ''Chapter 27'' as a John Lennon fan who befriends Mark David Chapman (Jared Leto) on the day he murders Lennon. Filming finished in early 2006, but was not released until March 2008 due to difficulties in finding a distributor. In May 2007, the drama ''Georgia Rule'', in which Lohan stars alongside Felicity Huffman and Jane Fonda, was released. Owen Gleiberman of ''Entertainment Weekly'' wrote that "Lohan hits a true note of spiteful princess narcissism." During filming in 2006, Lohan was hospitalized, her representative saying "she was overheated and dehydrated." At the time Lohan was going through a breakup with restaurant owner Harry Morton. This contributed to her problems on the set according to ''Allure''. In a letter that was made public, studio executive James G. Robinson called Lohan "irresponsible and unprofessional." He mentioned "various late arrivals and absences from the set" and that "we are well aware that your ongoing all night heavy partying is the real reason for your so-called 'exhaustion'." Co-star Fonda later commented that "when she showed up on the set, she was always great."

In 2006, Lohan attended Alcoholics Anonymous meetings. Lohan, who has suffered from asthma since the age of two, is also a smoker. In early January 2007, production on the film ''I Know Who Killed Me'' was put on hold when Lohan underwent appendix surgery. Later in the month, Lohan admitted herself to the Wonderland Center rehabilitation facility. Lohan checked out on February 16, 2007 after completing a 30-day stay. During the stay she continued shooting the film, returning to the facility at night. Shortly thereafter, Lohan withdrew from a film adaptation of Oscar Wilde's ''A Woman of No Importance'', her publicist stating that Lohan needed to "focus on getting better." Lohan was replaced in ''The Edge of Love'' in April 2007, shortly before filming was to begin, with the director citing "insurance reasons" and Lohan later explaining that she "was going through a really bad time then." In May 2007, Lohan first dated British TV personality Calum Best.

Lohan was then cast in the film ''Poor Things''. On May 26, four days before production was set to start, she was arrested for DUI and subsequently re-entered rehab. The film's producers initially voiced support and production was put on hold. Lohan had lost control of her car and run the vehicle up a curb. Beverly Hills police also found what they preliminarily identified as a "usable" amount of cocaine in her car. After receiving treatment for minor injuries, Lohan was arrested on a misdemeanor charge of driving under the influence of alcohol. She subsequently entered the Promises Treatment Center rehabilitation facility, where she stayed for 45 days. Upon her release to outpatient care, Lohan was voluntarily fitted with a SCRAM bracelet to monitor her sobriety.

On July 24, 2007, three weeks before filming was scheduled to resume on ''Poor Things'', Lohan was arrested for a second DUI and again returned to rehabilitation. Lohan refused a field sobriety test in Santa Monica and was taken to a police station where her blood alcohol level was found to be above the legal limit. While conducting a search, the police found a small amount of cocaine in her pocket. Lohan was booked on a felony charge of possession of cocaine and misdemeanor charges of driving under the influence and driving with a suspended license. In August 2007, Lohan entered Cirque Lodge Treatment Center in Sundance, Utah for a third stint at rehabilitation, staying until discharge on October 5, 2007. Ultimately, ''The Hollywood Reporter'' said, she "fell out of" the ''Poor Things'' production. Later in 2007, Lohan dated then snowboarder Riley Giles, whom she met during rehab.

In the wake of her second DUI arrest, Lohan withdrew from a scheduled appearance on ''The Tonight Show with Jay Leno'' in which she had been due to promote ''I Know Who Killed Me'', a low-budget thriller-mystery in which she stars as a stripper with a dual personality. The film premiered to what ''Entertainment Weekly'' called "an abysmal $3.5 million." It earned Lohan a dual Razzie nomination for Worst Actress, with Lohan coming first and second, tying with herself.

Hollywood executives and industry insiders commented that it would be difficult for Lohan to find employment until she could prove that she was sober and reliable, citing possible issues with securing insurance. Robinson, the producer who previously criticized Lohan's work ethic on ''Georgia Rule'', said that he would work with her again if she got the proper medical care, and went on to describe her as "one of the most talented young women in the movie business today."

On August 23, 2007, Lohan pleaded guilty to misdemeanor cocaine use and driving under the influence and was sentenced to one day imprisonment and 10 days' community service. She was also ordered to pay fines and complete an alcohol education program, and was given three years probation. Lohan released a statement in which she said "it is clear to me that my life has become completely unmanageable because I am addicted to alcohol and drugs." On November 15, 2007, Lohan served 84 minutes in jail. A sheriff spokesman cited overcrowding and the nonviolent nature of the crime as reasons for the reduced sentence. The probation was extended by an additional year in October 2009, following several instances in which Lohan failed to attend the court-ordered substance abuse treatment classes.

Following a switch to Universal Motown, Lohan began working on a third album, tentatively titled ''Spirit in the Dark'', in late 2007 and released "Bossy" in May 2008. In November 2008, Lohan stated that work on the new album had stalled and that she wanted to avoid the stress of working on movies and music at the same time.

2008–09: Television appearances and fashion

In May 2008, Lohan made her first screen appearance since ''I Know Who Killed Me'', on ABC's television series ''Ugly Betty''. She guest starred in four episodes, spanning seasons two and three in 2008, as Kimmie Keegan, an old schoolmate of the protagonist Betty Suarez. Lohan made a cameo appearance in the drug themed music video for the May 2008 N*E*R*D song "Everyone Nose." Lohan has featured in various men's magazines. She was voted No.10 on the list of "100 Sexiest Women" by readers of ''FHM'' in 2005, No.13 in 2006, No.30 in 2007, and No.41 in 2008, while ''Maxim'' placed her third on its "Hot 100" list in 2006 and first in 2007. In a poll by ''The Daily Mirror'' in February 2010, Lohan was voted tenth on a list of "sexiest redheads ever." Lohan has been the face of Jill Stuart, Miu Miu, and Dooney & Bourke, as well as the 2008 Visa Swap British fashion campaign as well as being the face of Italian clothing company Fornarina for its Spring/Summer 2009 campaign. thumb|Lohan named her clothing collection ''[[6126 Collection|6126'' after the birthdate of Marilyn Monroe (pictured) whom Lohan greatly admires]] Lohan has a long-lasting fascination with Marilyn Monroe going back to when she saw ''Niagara'' during ''The Parent Trap'' shoot. In the 2008 ''Spring Fashion'' edition of ''New York'' magazine, Lohan re-created Monroe's final photo shoot, known as ''The Last Sitting'', including nudity, saying that the photo shoot was "an honor". The ''New York Times'' critic Ginia Bellafante found it disturbing, saying "the pictures ask viewers to engage in a kind of mock necrophilia. ... At 21 [Lohan] seems even older than Monroe, who was 36 in the originals ... [and] the photographs bear none of Monroe's fragility". In 2008, Lohan launched a clothes line, whose name ''6126'' was designed to represent Monroe's birth date (June 1, 1926). The line started with leggings, before expanding to a full collection, covering 280 pieces . In April 2009, Lohan released a self-tanning spray under the brand name ''Sevin Nyne'' in collaboration with Sephora. In September 2009, Lohan became an artistic adviser for the French fashion house Emanuel Ungaro; a collection by designer Estrella Archs with Lohan as adviser was presented in October, receiving a "disastrous" reception, according to ''Entertainment Weekly'' and ''New York''. Lohan left the company in March 2010.

During the 2008 US presidential campaign, Lohan offered her services to Barack Obama's election effort, including hosting events aimed at young voters; but her offer was declined. An unnamed source within the Obama campaign told the ''Chicago Sun-Times'' that Lohan was "not exactly the kind of high-profile star who would be a positive for us." She nonetheless posted MySpace blogs with her opinions on the election, urging voters to support Obama, criticizing media coverage of vice-presidential candidate Sarah Palin, and describing Palin as homophobic, anti-abortion and anti-environmentalist. Lohan had previously expressed an interest in going to Iraq, during the Iraq War in 2006, on a USO tour with Hillary Clinton. Back in 2004, Lohan stated that she did not like to talk about politics in order to avoid alienating any part of her fanbase.

Lohan dated DJ Samantha Ronson in 2008 and 2009. Lohan co-hosted club events with Ronson and accompanied her when she was DJ-ing. Speaking about her sexual orientation, Lohan has said she is not a lesbian. When asked if she is bisexual, she responded "Maybe. Yeah", adding "I don't want to classify myself." In April 2009, following her breakup with Ronson, Lohan appeared in a skit on the comedy website Funny or Die. The self-deprecating video is a spoof of the personal ads on dating website eHarmony. It was viewed 2.7 million times in the first week and received favorable comments from the media.

In the 2009 comedy ''Labor Pains'', Lohan plays a woman who pretends to be pregnant. During the shoot, Lohan's manager worked with the paparazzi to encourage the media to show her working, as opposed to partying. It was originally planned for a theatrical release, but instead appeared as a TV movie on the ABC Family cable channel in July 2009, "a setback for the star" according to ''Variety''. The premiere received 2.1 million viewers, "better-than-average" for the channel according to E! Online. Joanna Weiss of ''The Boston Globe'' commented that Lohan "looks to be coasting through a part that requires little effort, anyway". Alessandra Stanley of ''The New York Times'' said "this is not a triumphant return of a prodigal child star. ... [''Labor Pains''] never shakes free of the heavy baggage Ms. Lohan brings to the role".

Lohan was a guest judge on US TV style contest ''Project Runway'' sixth season premiere episode, which aired in August 2009. The same month Lohan's home was burglarized by The Bling Ring, a group of fashion-motivated burglars whose ringleader considered Lohan to be their ultimate conquest. Video surveillance of the burglary recorded at Lohan's home played a large role in breaking the case.

2010–present

After the Haiti earthquake, Lohan gave fund-raising assistance to the British Red Cross in March 2010 to provide aid for the country. The same month, Lohan commenced legal proceedings in which she sought $100 million from financial services company E-Trade for a television advertisement that Lohan claimed invoked her likeness without her permission. The suit was settled on confidential terms in September.

Lohan narrated and presented the BBC Three documentary ''Lindsay Lohan's Indian Journey'' about human trafficking in India. The program was filmed during a week in India in December 2009 and aired in April 2010. A reviewer for ''The Times'' said that rather than highlight trafficking "the spotlight was effectively turned on Lohan and under it she wilted." A review in ''The Independent'' found it "very compelling" and said that the inclusion of Lohan was "definitely not a terrible choice. Just a very, very odd one." Lohan said the experience was "truly humbling" and "I hope my presence in India will bring awareness to the really important issues raised in making this film."

In May 2010 Lohan travelled to the Cannes Film Festival to promote the biopic ''Inferno'', in which she was set to star as the lead, adult-film performer Linda Lovelace. While she was in court mandated rehab in November, it was announced that Lohan would be replaced by another actress. Because she was in Cannes, Lohan missed a mandatory DUI progress hearing. A bench warrant was issued for her arrest which was rescinded after she posted bail. Lohan was ordered to attend alcohol education classes, wear an alcohol-monitoring bracelet, and undergo random drug tests to remain free on bail. At a July 6 hearing, the judge determined that Lohan had violated the terms of her probation by missing several mandatory classes and meetings. She was sentenced to 90 days in jail followed by 90 days of mandatory inpatient rehab treatment. Lohan served only 14 days of the jail sentence, between July 20 and August 2, due to overcrowding. She then entered an inpatient rehabilitation facility, from where she was released after only 23 days. Her lawyer stated that "the treating doctors at UCLA felt she had done everything required of her there." She was ordered to submit to random drug and alcohol screenings and attend mandatory therapy.

In June 2010, Lohan was the subject of a fashion shoot in the photographer docu-series ''Double Exposure'' on Bravo. Lohan appeared on the October 2010 cover of ''Vanity Fair''. She told the magazine: "I want my career back" and "I know that I'm a damn good actress". Talking about her DUI incidents she said "These were my college years ... but they were in the public eye. I was irresponsible. I was experimenting." Lohan appears in one sketch in the movie ''Underground Comedy 2010 ''. She is dressed up as Marilyn Monroe, while still visibly wearing a SCRAM bracelet, and shoots at paparazzi photographers. , the movie was still seeking a distributor.

Robert Rodriguez's action exploitation film ''Machete'' opened on September 3, 2010. Lohan filmed her scenes for the movie in August and September 2009. She plays April, the spoiled daughter of a wealthy businessman. Her character takes drugs, is naked in much of her appearance and later dons a nuns habit while toting a machine gun. ''The Washington Post'' described Lohan's character as "a campier, trampier version of herself – or at least her tabloid image". Premiere.com said she was "terrible" while ''Variety'' called it "her best work in some time." Because of her rehabilitation and legal engagements Lohan did not participate in promotion of the movie.

On September 24, 2010, Lohan's probation was revoked following a failed drug test. She spent part of the day in jail before being released on bail. A few days later she entered the Betty Ford Center, a drug and alcohol treatment center, where she remained on court order for three months until early January 2011.

On February 9, 2011, Lohan was charged with the theft of a necklace reported stolen from a jewelry store in January. She was sentenced to 120 days in jail and 480 hours of community service for misdemeanor theft and probation violation, to which she pled no contest. She was also ordered to remain under supervised probation until the completion of her community service. Due to jail overcrowding, Lohan served the sentence under house arrest, wearing a tracking ankle monitor, for 35 days between May 26 and June 29. In November Lohan was found to have violated the terms of her probation by failing to perform the required community service. She was sentenced to 30 days of jail and 400 hours of community service. On November 7 Lohan spent less than five hours in jail due to overcrowding. On March 29, 2012, Lohan's supervised probation ended after she completed the required community service and therapy. She will still be on informal probation for the necklace theft until May 2014, with the only requirement to follow the law.

Lohan appeared in the January/February 2012 issue of ''Playboy'' magazine. Hugh Hefner described the shoot as being inspired by a nude pictorial of Marilyn Monroe which was in first issue of ''Playboy''. Hefner said in a tweet that the issue was "breaking sales records." Lohan hosted the March 3, 2012 episode of ''Saturday Night Live''; her fourth time hosting the show. Her previous time hosting the show was in 2006. Her appearance received mixed reviews. Critics appreciated the self-deprecating references to her personal troubles, but also commented that she largely played a supporting role.

In April 2011, it was announced that Lohan had signed on to appear opposite John Travolta in the movie ''Gotti: Three Generations''. She was cast to play Kim Gotti, wife of New York City mobster John Gotti Jr. It was also announced that Lohan was planned to appear in ''Mob Street'' from the same production team, based on a screenplay by Chazz Palminteri. , Lohan's press representative said that no agreement for her to appear in ''Gotti'' had been reached. In March 2012, it was confirmed that Lohan had been cast to play Elizabeth Taylor in an original Lifetime TV movie titled ''Liz and Dick''. She is also planned to do a guest appearance on the television series ''Glee''.

Filmography and awards

+ Film roles	Year	Title	Role	Notes and awards
1998		Hallie Parker / Annie James	Remake of the 1961 film of The Parent Trap (1961 film)
2000	''[[Life-Size''	Casey Stuart	Television film
2002	''Get a Clue''	Alexandra "Lexy" Gold	Disney Channel Original Movie
2003		Anna Coleman	Remake MTV Movie Award for Breakthrough Female Performance Teen Choice Award for Choice Hissy Fit Teen Choice Award for Choice Movie Breakout Star Nominated—Young Artist Award for Best Performance in a Feature Film – Leading Young Actress
2004	''Confessions of a Teenage Drama Queen''	Mary Elizabeth "Lola" Cep
2004	''Mean Girls''	Cady Heron	MTV Movie Award for Best Female Performance MTV Movie Award for Best On-Screen Team Teen Choice Award for Choice Actress – Comedy Teen Choice Award for Choice Blush Teen Choice Award for Choice Movie Breakout Star Nominated—Broadcast Film Critics Association Awarda, Critics Choice Award for Best Young ActressNominated—Kids Choice Award for Favorite Movie Actress Nominated—Teen Choice Award for Choice Chemistry Nominated—Teen Choice Award for Choice Liar
2005	''Herbie: Fully Loaded''	Maggie Peyton	Kids Choice Awards
2006		Ashley Albright	Nominated—[[Teen Choice Awards
2006		Lola Johnson	Nominated—[[Broadcast Film Critics Association Awards
2006	''[[The Holiday''	Herself	Cameo appearance
2006		Diane Howser	Hollywood Film Award for Ensemble of the YearNominated—Broadcast Film Critics Association Awards, Critics Choice Award for Best Acting EnsembleNominated—Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Cast in a Motion PictureNominated—Teen Choice Award for Choice Actress – Drama
2007	''Georgia Rule''	Rachel Wilcox
2007	''I Know Who Killed Me''	Aubrey Flemming / Dakota Moss	Golden Raspberry Award for Worst ActressGolden Raspberry Award for Worst Screen Couple/Ensemble
2008	''Chapter 27''	Jude Hanson
2009	''Labor Pains''	Thea Clayhill	ABC Family Original Movie
2010		April Booth
2012	''InAPPropriate Comedy''	Marilyn
2012	''Liz & Dick''	Elizabeth Taylor

+ Television roles	! Year	! Title	! Role	Notes
1992	''Late Night with David Letterman''	Trick-or-Treater Dressed as Garbage	"Episode dated 29 October 1992"
1996–1997		Alexandra "Alli" Fowler	Soap Opera
2000		Rose Midler	"Pilot" (Season 1, Episode 1)
2004	''King of the Hill''	Jenny Medina	"Talking Shop" (Season 8, Episode 22)
2004–2012	''Saturday Night Live''	Herself/Host/Rapunzel/Various	"Lindsay Lohan/Usher" (Season 29, Episode 18)"Colin Farrell/Scissor Sisters" (Season 30, Episode 7, uncredited)"Lindsay Lohan/Coldplay" (Season 30, Episode 20)"Lindsay Lohan/Pearl Jam" (Season 31, Episode 16)"Lindsay Lohan/Jack White" (Season 37, Episode 16)
2005	''That '70s Show''°	Danielle
2008	''Ugly Betty''	Kimmie Keegan	Recurring role; Seasons 2–3"Jump" (Season 2, Episode 18, uncredited)"The Manhattan Project" (Season 3, Episode 1)"Granny Pants" (Season 3, Episode 5)"Ugly Berry" (Season 3, Episode 6)
2008	''Living Lohan''	Herself	"Acting Up" (Season 1, Episode 9)
2009	''Project Runway''	Herself/Guest Judge	"Welcome to Los Angeles!" (Season 6, Episode 1)
2010		Herself	"I'm Gonna Smash the Ringflash!" (Season 1, Episode 3)
2012		Nationals Judge	"TBA" (Season 3, Episode 21)

Discography

''Speak'' (2004)

''A Little More Personal (Raw)'' (2005)

References

; General

; Specific

External links

Category:1986 births Category:20th-century actors Category:21st-century actors Category:Actors from New York Category:American child actors Category:American child singers Category:American documentary filmmakers Category:American female models Category:American female singers Category:American film actors Category:American musicians of Irish descent Category:American musicians of Italian descent Category:American pop singers Category:American soap opera actors Category:American television actors Category:Child pop musicians Category:English-language singers Category:Living people Category:Motown artists Category:Musicians from New York City Category:People from Hempstead (town), New York Category:People from Suffolk County, New York Category:People self-identifying as alcoholics Category:People self-identifying as substance abusers Category:Universal Records artists Category:Young Artist Award winners

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