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Judge
![Dredd Exclusive Trailer Debut [HD]](http://web.archive.org./web/20120716012037im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/PifvRiHVSCY/0.jpg "Dredd Exclusive Trailer Debut [HD] Director: Pete Travis Release: 9/21/2012 Studio: Lionsgate Website: dreddthemovie.com Facebook: www.facebook.com Twitter: www.twitter.com The future America is an irradiated waste land. On its East Coast, running from Boston to Washington DC, lies Mega City One- a vast, violent metropolis where criminals rule the chaotic streets. The only force of order lies with the urban cops called \"Judges\" who possess the combined powers of judge, jury and instant executioner. Known and feared throughout the city, Dredd (Karl Urban) is the ultimate Judge, challenged with ridding the city of its latest scourge -- a dangerous drug epidemic that has users of \"Slo-Mo\" experiencing reality at a fraction of its normal speed. During a routine day on the job, Dredd is assigned to train and evaluate Cassandra Anderson (Olivia Thirlby), a rookie with powerful psychic abilities thanks to a genetic mutation. A heinous crime calls them to a neighborhood where fellow Judges rarely dare to venture- a 200 story vertical slum controlled by prostitute turned drug lord Ma-Ma (Lena Headey) and her ruthless clan. When they capture one of the clan's inner circle, Ma-Ma overtakes the compound's control center and wages a dirty, vicious war against the Judges that proves she will stop at nothing to protect her empire. With the body count climbing and no way out, Dredd and Anderson must confront the odds and engage in the relentless battle for their survival. IF IT'S NEW <b>...</b>")
![DREDD 3D - 2012 Official Trailer - [FULL HD]](http://web.archive.org./web/20120716012037im_/http://i.ytimg.com/vi/6aZjbAkwVis/0.jpg "the 2012 reboot of Judge Dredd with Karl Urban")
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judge \judge\ (j[u^]j), n. [OE. juge, OF. & F. juge, fr. OF. jugier, F. juger, to judge. See judge, v. i.] [1913 Webster] 1. (Law) A public officer who is invested with authority to hear and determine litigated causes, and to administer justice between parties in courts held for that purpose. [1913 Webster]
The parts of a judge in hearing are four: to direct the evidence; to moderate length, repetition, or impertinency of speech; to recapitulate, select, and collate the material points of that which hath been said; and to give the rule or sentence. --Bacon. [1913 Webster]
2. One who has skill, knowledge, or experience, sufficient to decide on the merits of a question, or on the quality or value of anything; one who discerns properties or relations with skill and readiness; a connoisseur; an expert; a critic. [1913 Webster]
A man who is no judge of law may be a good judge of poetry, or eloquence, or of the merits of a painting. --Dryden. [1913 Webster]
3. A person appointed to decide in a trial of skill, speed, etc., between two or more parties; an umpire; as, a judge in a horse race. [1913 Webster]
4. (Jewish Hist.) One of the supreme magistrates, with both civil and military powers, who governed Israel for more than four hundred years. [1913 Webster]
5. pl. The title of the seventh book of the Old Testament; the Book of Judges. [1913 Webster]
judge Advocate (Mil. & Nav.), a person appointed to act as prosecutor at a court-martial; he acts as the representative of the government, as the responsible adviser of the court, and also, to a certain extent, as counsel for the accused, when he has no other counsel.
judge-Advocate General, in the United States, the title of two officers, one attached to the War Department and having the rank of brigadier general, the other attached to the Navy Department and having the rank of colonel of marines or captain in the navy. The first is chief of the Bureau of Military Justice of the army, the other performs a similar duty for the navy. In England, the designation of a member of the ministry who is the legal adviser of the secretary of state for war, and supreme judge of the proceedings of courts-martial.
Syn: judge, Umpire, Arbitrator, Referee.
Usage: A judge, in the legal sense, is a magistrate appointed to determine questions of law. An umpire is a person selected to decide between two or more who contend for a prize. An arbitrator is one chosen to allot to two contestants their portion of a claim, usually on grounds of equity and common sense. A referee is one to whom a case is referred for final adjustment. Arbitrations and references are sometimes voluntary, sometimes appointed by a court. [1913 Webster] -
judge \judge\, v. t. 1. To hear and determine by authority, as a case before a court, or a controversy between two parties. "Chaos [shall] judge the strife." --Milton. [1913 Webster]
2. To examine and pass sentence on; to try; to doom. [1913 Webster]
God shall judge the righteous and the wicked. --Eccl. iii. 7. [1913 Webster]
To bring my whole cause 'fore his holiness, And to be judged by him. --Shak. [1913 Webster]
3. To arrogate judicial authority over; to sit in judgment upon; to be censorious toward. [1913 Webster]
Judge not, that ye be not judged. --Matt. vii. 1. [1913 Webster]
4. To determine upon or deliberation; to esteem; to think; to reckon. [1913 Webster]
If ye have judged me to be faithful to the Lord. --Acts xvi. 15. [1913 Webster]
5. To exercise the functions of a magistrate over; to govern. [Obs.] [1913 Webster]
Make us a king to judge us. --1 Sam. viii. 5. [1913 Webster] -
judge \judge\, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Judged (j[u^]jd); p. pr. & vb. n. Judging.] [OE. jugen, OF. jugier, F. juger, L. judicare, fr. judex judge; jus law or right + dicare to proclaim, pronounce, akin to dicere to say. See Just, a., and Diction, and cf. Judicial.] [1913 Webster] 1. To hear and determine, as in causes on trial; to decide as a judge; to give judgment; to pass sentence. [1913 Webster]
The Lord judge between thee and me. --Gen. xvi. 5. [1913 Webster]
Father, who art judge Of all things made, and judgest only right! --Milton. [1913 Webster]
2. To assume the right to pass judgment on another; to sit in judgment or commendation; to criticise or pass adverse judgment upon others. See judge, v. t., 3. [1913 Webster]
Forbear to judge, for we are sinners all. --Shak. [1913 Webster]
3. To compare facts or ideas, and perceive their relations and attributes, and thus distinguish truth from falsehood; to determine; to discern; to distinguish; to form an opinion about. [1913 Webster]
Judge not according to the appearance. --John vii. 24. [1913 Webster]
She is wise if I can judge of her. --Shak. [1913 Webster] - judge n 1: a public official authorized to decide questions brought before a court of justice [syn: judge, justice, jurist] 2: an authority who is able to estimate worth or quality [syn: evaluator, judge] v 1: determine the result of (a competition) 2: form a critical opinion of; "I cannot judge some works of modern art"; "How do you evaluate this grant proposal?" "We shouldn't pass judgment on other people" [syn: evaluate, pass judgment, judge] 3: judge tentatively or form an estimate of (quantities or time); "I estimate this chicken to weigh three pounds" [syn: estimate, gauge, approximate, guess, judge] 4: pronounce judgment on; "They labeled him unfit to work here" [syn: pronounce, label, judge] 5: put on trial or hear a case and sit as the judge at the trial of; "The football star was tried for the murder of his wife"; "The judge tried both father and son in separate trials" [syn: judge, adjudicate, try]
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judge. A public officer, lawfully appointed to decide litigated questions according to law. This, in its most extensive sense, includes all officers who are appointed to decide such questions, and not only judges properly so called, but also justices of the peace, and jurors, who are judges of the facts in issue. See 4 Dall. 229; 3 Yeates, IR. 300. In a more limited sense, the term judge signifies an officer who is so named in his commission, and who presides in some court. 2. Judges are appointed or elected, in a variety of ways, in the United States they are appointed by the president, by and with the consent of the senate; in some of the states they are appointed by the governor, the governor and senate, or by the legislature. In the United States, and some of the states, they hold their offices during good behaviour; in others, as in New York, during, good behaviour, or until they shall attain a certain age and in others for a limited term of years. 3. Impartiality is the first duty of a judge; before he gives an opinion, or sits in judgment in a cause, he ought to be certain that he has no bias for or against either of the parties; and if he has any (the slightest) interest in the cause, he is disqualified from sitting as judge; aliquis non debet esse judex in propria causa; 8 Co. 118; 21 Pick. Rep. 101; 5 Mass. 92; 13 Mass. 340; 6 Pick. R. 109; 14 S. & R. 157-8; and when he is aware of such interest, he ought himself to refuse to sit on the case. It seems it is discretionary with him whether he will sit in a cause in which he has been of counsel. 2 Marsh. 517; Coxe, 164; see 2 Binn. 454. But the delicacy which characterizes the judges in this country, generally, forbids their sitting in such a cause. 4. He must not only be impartial, but he must follow and enforce the law, whether good or bad. He is bound to declare what the law is, and not to make it; he is not an arbitrator, but an interpreter of the law. It is his duty to be patient in the investigation of the case, careful in considering it, and firm in his judgment. He ought, according to Cicero, "never to lose sight that he is a man, and that he cannot exceed the power given him by his commission; that not only power, but public confidence has been given to him; that he ought always seriously to attend not to his wishes but to the requisitions of law, of justice and religion." Cic. pro. Cluentius. A curious case of judicial casuistry is stated by Aulus Gellius Att. Noct. lib: 14, cap. 2, which may be interesting to the reader. 5. While acting within the bounds of his jurisdiction, the judge is hot responsible for any error of judgment, nor mistake he may commit as a judge. Co. Litt. 294; 2 Inst. 422; 2 Dall. R. 160; 1 Yeates, R. 443; N. & M'C. 168; 1 Day, R. 315; 1 Root, R. 211; 3 Caines, R. 170; 5 John. R. 282; 9 John. R. 395; 11 John. R. 150; 3 Marsh. R. 76; 1 South. R. 74; 1 N. H. Rep. 374; 2 Bay, 1, 69; 8 Wend. 468; 3 Marsh. R. 76,. When he acts corruptly, he may be impeached. 5 John. R. 282; 8 Cowen, R. 178; 4 Dall. R. 225. 6. A judge is not competent as a witness in a cause trying before him, for this, among other reasons, that he can hardly be deemed capable of impartially deciding on the admissibility of his own testimony, or of weighing. it against that of another. Martin's R. N. S. 312. Vide, Com. Dig. Courts, B 4, C 2, E 1, P 16 justices, 1 1, 2, and 3; 14 Vin. Ab. 573; Bac. Ab. Courts, &c., B; 1 Kent, Com. 291; Ayl. Parerg. 309; Story, Const. Index, h.t. See U. S. Dig. Courts, I, where will be found an abstract of various decisions relating to the appointment and powers of judges in different states. Vide Equality; Incompetency.;
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Belfast
Belfast () is the capital of and the largest city in Northern Ireland. It is the seat of devolved government and legislative Northern Ireland Assembly. It is the largest urban area in Northern Ireland, the second-largest city in Ireland and the 15th-largest city in the United Kingdom. It is the main settlement in the province of Ulster. The city of Belfast has a population of 267,500 and lies at the heart of the Belfast urban area, which has a population of 483,418. The Belfast metropolitan area has a total population of 579,276. Belfast is also the 100th-largest urban zone in the EU. Belfast was granted city status in 1888.
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Brazil (; , ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (, ), is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population. It is the only Portuguese-speaking country in the Americas and the largest lusophone country in the world.
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Bulgaria ( , Balgariya, ), officially the Republic of Bulgaria (, Republika Balgariya, ), is a country in Southern Europe. Bulgaria borders five other countries: Romania to the north (mostly along the Danube), Serbia and the Republic of Macedonia to the west, and Greece and Turkey to the south. The Black Sea defines the extent of the country to the east.
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California (pronounced ) is the most populous state in the United States and the third-largest by land area, after Alaska and Texas. California is also the most populous sub-national entity in North America. It's on the U.S. West Coast, bordered by the Pacific Ocean to the west and by the states of Oregon to the north, Nevada to the east, Arizona to the southeast, Baja California, Mexico, to the south. Its 5 largest cities are Los Angeles, San Diego, San Jose, San Francisco, and Long Beach, with Los Angeles, San Diego, and San Jose each having at least 1 million residents. Like many populous states, California's capital, Sacramento is smaller than the state's largest city, Los Angeles. The state is home to the nation's 2nd- and 6th-largest census statistical areas and 8 of the nation's 50 most populous cities. California has a varied climate and geography and a multi-cultural population.
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Delaware
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Derry
Derry or Londonderry is the second-biggest city in Northern Ireland and the fourth-biggest city on the island of Ireland. The name Derry is an Anglicisation of the word Doire or Doire Cholmchille meaning "oak-wood of Colm Cille" , the original name of the city in Irish. In 1613, the city was granted a Royal Charter by King James I and the "London" prefix was added, changing the name of the city to Londonderry. While the city is more usually known as Derry, Londonderry is also used and remains the legal name.
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Germany (), officially the Federal Republic of Germany (, ), is a country in Western Europe. It is bordered to the north by the North Sea, Denmark, and the Baltic Sea; to the east by Poland and the Czech Republic; to the south by Austria and Switzerland; and to the west by France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands. The territory of Germany covers 357.021 km2 and is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate. With 81.8 million inhabitants, it is the most populous member state of the European Union, and home to the third-largest number of international migrants worldwide.
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Hong Kong () is one of two special administrative regions (SARs) of the People's Republic of China (PRC), the other being Macau. Situated on China's south coast and enclosed by the Pearl River Delta and South China Sea, it is renowned for its expansive skyline and deep natural harbour. With a land mass of and a population of seven million people, Hong Kong is one of the most densely populated areas in the world. Hong Kong's population is 95 percent ethnic Chinese and 5 percent from other groups. Hong Kong's Han Chinese majority originate mainly from the cities of Guangzhou and Taishan in the neighbouring Guangdong province.
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Malaysia (pronounced or ) is a federal constitutional monarchy in Southeast Asia. It consists of thirteen states and three federal territories and has a total landmass of . The country is separated by the South China Sea into two regions, Peninsular Malaysia and Malaysian Borneo (also known as West and East Malaysia respectively). Malaysia shares land borders with Thailand, Indonesia, and Brunei and has maritime boundaries with Singapore, Vietnam, and the Philippines. The capital city is Kuala Lumpur, while Putrajaya is the seat of the federal government. The population as of 2009 stood at over 28 million.
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Northern Ireland
Northern Ireland (, Ulster Scots: Norlin Airlann) is one of the four countries of the United Kingdom. Situated in the north-east of the island of Ireland, it shares a border with the Republic of Ireland to the south and west. At the time of the 2001 UK Census, its population was 1,685,000, constituting about 30% of the island's total population and about 3% of the population of the United Kingdom.
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Poland (), officially the Republic of Poland (Rzeczpospolita Polska), is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north. The total area of Poland is , making it the 69th largest country in the world and the 9th largest in Europe. Poland has a population of over 38 million people, which makes it the 34th most populous country in the world and the sixth most populous member of the European Union, being its most populous Slavic member.
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Spain ( ; , ), officially the Kingdom of Spain (), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Its mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with the British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar; to the north by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay; and to the northwest and west by the Atlantic Ocean and Portugal.
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Sri Lanka
The Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka (commonly known as Sri Lanka (, , or ); ; , ) is a country and a sovereign state off souther coast of the Indian subcontinent. A island nation in South Asia, it was till 1972 known as Ceylon (, , or ). Sri Lanka is surrounded by the Indian Ocean, the Gulf of Mannar and the Palk Strait.
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United States
The United States of America (also referred to as the United States, the U.S., the USA, or America) is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district. The country is situated mostly in central North America, where its forty-eight contiguous states and Washington, D.C., the capital district, lie between the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, bordered by Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. The state of Alaska is in the northwest of the continent, with Canada to the east and Russia to the west across the Bering Strait. The state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific. The country also possesses several territories in the Caribbean and Pacific.
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Hong Kong
Hong Kong () is one of two special administrative regions (SARs) of the People's Republic of China (PRC), the other being Macau. Situated on China's south coast and enclosed by the Pearl River Delta and South China Sea, it is renowned for its expansive skyline and deep natural harbour. With a land mass of and a population of seven million people, Hong Kong is one of the most densely populated areas in the world. Hong Kong's population is 95 percent ethnic Chinese and 5 percent from other groups. Hong Kong's Han Chinese majority originate mainly from the cities of Guangzhou and Taishan in the neighbouring Guangdong province.
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Silvia Cartwright
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Judge Dredd: Dredd Vs Death (2003)
"Judge Dredd: Dredd Vs Death (2003)" Actors
- Toby Longworth
- Teresa Gallagher
- Nicholas Briggs
- Jeremy James
- Laurence Bouvard
- Fraser James
- Noella Bible
- David Walsh
"Judge Dredd: Dredd Vs Death (2003)" Director
RELEASE
ALBUMS
- Fed Up
- In My Way
- I've Lost
- New York Crew
- Warriors
- Take Me Away
- Bringin' It Down
- Hold Me Back
- Give It Up
- The Storm
- Hear Me
- Like You
- I've Lost
- Where It Went
- Forget This Time
- The Storm II
- Take Me Away
- Bringin' It Down
- Hold Me Back
- Give It Up
- The Storm
- Hear Me
- Like You
- I've Lost
- Holding On
- No Apologies
- Just Like You
- When the Levee Breaks
- Hear Me
- Holding On
- Take Me Away
- Fed Up!
- Like You
- No Apologies
- New York Crew
- Hold Me Back
- I've Lost
- Give It Up
- In My Way
- The Storm
- Bonus 1
- Bonus 2
- Take Me Away
- Bringin' It Down
- Hold Me Back
- Give It Up
- The Storm
- Hear Me
- Like You
- I've Lost
- Where It Went
- Fed Up
- In My Way
- I've Lost
- New York Crew
- Warriors
- Take Me Away
- Bringin' It Down
- Hold Me Back
- Give It Up
- The Storm
- Hear Me
- Like You
- I've Lost
- Holding On
- No Apologies
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The People's Court - Judge Milian Flips out on Defendant
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:41
- Published: 15 Oct 2007
- Updated: 12 Jul 2012
From the October 15th Episode, Judge Milian gives a University of Miami law student a piece of her mind after he disrespects her.
http://wn.com/The_People's_Court_Judge_Milian_Flips_out_on_Defendant
The Judge
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 38:55
- Published: 19 Feb 2011
- Updated: 12 Jul 2012
Hickok45 plays and experiments with the popular Taurus Judge revolver. It's a lengthy shooting session with a variety of ammunition types and target distances. I demonstrate patterns and penetration at various distances. Nothing scientific, as usual, but maybe enough to give 410 gauge revolver owners and potential buyers a rough ideas of what to expect. At various distances I shoot birdshot, 6 shot, 4shot, 00 Buck, 000Buck, and the exotic Winchester PDX defense shells. I don't really have a big dog in the fight over whether these are great defensive guns or not, or whether the 410 is useless in this regard. I do know I would not want one shot at me after having experimented with it. It might not kill me, but it certainly would make me change my mind about further action and probably consider where I'd be finding a "see-and-eye" dog for the rest of my life. :-)
http://wn.com/The_Judge
Dredd Exclusive Trailer Debut [HD]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:42
- Published: 21 Jun 2012
- Updated: 12 Jul 2012
Dredd Exclusive Trailer Debut [HD] Director: Pete Travis Release: 9/21/2012 Studio: Lionsgate Website: dreddthemovie.com Facebook: www.facebook.com Twitter: www.twitter.com The future America is an irradiated waste land. On its East Coast, running from Boston to Washington DC, lies Mega City One- a vast, violent metropolis where criminals rule the chaotic streets. The only force of order lies with the urban cops called "Judges" who possess the combined powers of judge, jury and instant executioner. Known and feared throughout the city, Dredd (Karl Urban) is the ultimate Judge, challenged with ridding the city of its latest scourge -- a dangerous drug epidemic that has users of "Slo-Mo" experiencing reality at a fraction of its normal speed. During a routine day on the job, Dredd is assigned to train and evaluate Cassandra Anderson (Olivia Thirlby), a rookie with powerful psychic abilities thanks to a genetic mutation. A heinous crime calls them to a neighborhood where fellow Judges rarely dare to venture- a 200 story vertical slum controlled by prostitute turned drug lord Ma-Ma (Lena Headey) and her ruthless clan. When they capture one of the clan's inner circle, Ma-Ma overtakes the compound's control center and wages a dirty, vicious war against the Judges that proves she will stop at nothing to protect her empire. With the body count climbing and no way out, Dredd and Anderson must confront the odds and engage in the relentless battle for their survival. IF IT'S NEW <b>...</b>
http://wn.com/Dredd_Exclusive_Trailer_Debut_HD_
Chris Brown - Don't Judge Me (Audio)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:09
- Published: 04 Jul 2012
- Updated: 11 Jul 2012
Chris Brown - Don't Judge Me Chris Brown - Dont Judge Me LYRICS I don't wanna go there... We should never go there... (Damn) Why you wanna go there... I guess I gotta go there... Your hearing rumors about me And you can't stomach the thought Of someone touchin my body When your so close to my heart I wont deny what their sayin' Because most of it is true But it was all before I fell for you So please babe... Chorus: So please don't judge me And I wont judge you Cause it could get ugly Before it gets beautiful Please don't judge me And I wont judge you And if you love me Then let it be beautiful... Hook: Let it be beautiful, oh oh Let it be beautiful... Let it be beautiful, oh ohh Let it be beautiful... Everything I say right now Is gunna be used in another fight I been through this so many times Can we change the subject? You gunna start askin me questions like "was she attractive? was she an actress? Baby the fact is... " Your hearing rumors about me And saw some pictures online Sayin they got you so angry Making you wish you were blind Before we start talkin crazy Sayin some things we'll regret Can we just slow it down Brace yourself. your beautiful (So baby...) Chorus: So please don't judge me And I wont judge you Cause it could get ugly Before it gets beautiful Please don't judge me And I wont judge you And if you love me Then let it be beautiful... Bridge: Just let the past, just be the past And focus on things that's gunna make us last, take me as who I am, not who <b>...</b>
http://wn.com/Chris_Brown_Don't_Judge_Me_Audio
Judge Napolitano At His Best
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:32
- Published: 24 May 2012
- Updated: 04 Jul 2012
Andrew Napolitano Nails it. The Spirit of the Revolution Lives in this Man. It is dangerous to be Right when the Government is Wrong - is the Book, dedicated to Ron Paul who Comments in this video. A Patriotic Read for sure. My new video www.youtube.com The Truth Rings out in this Plain Truth that is a Keeper. There is a call to action here. Patrick Henry was Right, but there are so few of that caliber today. Judge Napolitano and Dr. Paul would be exactly what this country Needs. We Need straight talk, the Lies and Political Correctness has to Stop. We Need Freedom Now. Not later.
http://wn.com/Judge_Napolitano_At_His_Best
Judge Dredd (HD Full Movie) 16 subtitles
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 96:08
- Published: 20 May 2012
- Updated: 12 Jul 2012
click on cc and choose a language NO COPYRIGHT INFRINGEMENT INTENDED I DO NOT OWN THE VIDEO. ALL CREDIT GOES TO THEIR RESPECTIVE OWNERS
http://wn.com/Judge_Dredd_HD_Full_Movie_16_subtitles
DREDD 3D - 2012 Official Trailer - [FULL HD]
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:31
- Published: 22 Jun 2012
- Updated: 13 Jul 2012
the 2012 reboot of Judge Dredd with Karl Urban
http://wn.com/DREDD_3D_2012_Official_Trailer_FULL_HD_
Putnam County, WV, Family Law Judge, William Watkins, May 23, 2012 MELTDOWN!!!!!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 15:59
- Published: 27 Jun 2012
- Updated: 12 Jul 2012
Story 1st broke at www.PutnamLive.com www.putnamlive.net
http://wn.com/Putnam_County,_WV,_Family_Law_Judge,_William_Watkins,_May_23,_2012_MELTDOWN!!!!!
The Judge Taurus Handgun .45 & 410
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:33
- Published: 26 Jul 2008
- Updated: 09 Jul 2012
The Judge Taurus Handgun .45 & 410
http://wn.com/The_Judge_Taurus_Handgun_45_410
Judge says Americans aren't part of 'Homeland Battlefield'
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:31
- Published: 08 Jun 2012
- Updated: 02 Jul 2012
Another win for the critics of the controversial indefinitely detention law known as the National Defense Authorization Act. A federal judge has ruled that the US government cannot use the law to indefinitely detain Americans. This comes as a result of a group of activist and journalist who sued the Obama administration over the provision claiming it's unconstitutional and extremely vague.Carl Mayer, attorney for The Mayer Law Group, joins us with more on the case. Like us and/or follow us: twitter.com www.facebook.com
http://wn.com/Judge_says_Americans_aren't_part_of_'Homeland_Battlefield'
group_inou / JUDGE
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:24
- Published: 14 Apr 2012
- Updated: 17 Jun 2012
from double A-side single "MONKEY / JUDGE" テレビ東京系バラエティ番組"モヤモヤさまぁ～ず2" エンディングテーマSAMPLE www.youtube.com iTunes itunes.apple.com ototoy ototoy.jp CINRA.STORE bit.ly official site gal.jp
http://wn.com/group_inou_JUDGE
X Factor (Season 2): Judges' Arrival - Clips Of Show (Austin, Texas)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:15
- Published: 25 May 2012
- Updated: 12 Jul 2012
X Factor judges Britney Spears, Demi Lovato, Simon Cowell & LA Reid arrive at the first Season 2 auditions in Austin, Texas. Clips of them arriving at the show can later be seen in the video. © 2012 FOX BROADCASTING COURTESY OF FOX BROADCASTING COMPANY
http://wn.com/X_Factor_Season_2_Judges'_Arrival_Clips_Of_Show_Austin,_Texas
The Taurus JUDGE .410/.45 Long Colt
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:15
- Published: 01 May 2012
- Updated: 12 Jul 2012
FPSRussia Shirts: fpsrussia.spreadshirt.com Twitter: twitter.com FaceBook: www.facebook.com Explosive Targets: redtargets.com
http://wn.com/The_Taurus_JUDGE_410_45_Long_Colt
Judge Blasts Wells Fargo
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:41
- Published: 15 Apr 2012
- Updated: 29 Jun 2012
Via The Huffington Post: "A federal judge who has fiercely criticized how big banks service home loans is fed up with Wells Fargo. In a scathing opinion issued last week, Elizabeth Magner, a federal bankruptcy judge in the Eastern District of Louisiana, characterized as "highly reprehensible" Wells Fargo's behavior over more than five years of litigation with a single homeowner and ordered the bank to pay the New Orleans man a whopping $3.1 million in punitive damages, one of the biggest fines ever for mortgage servicing misconduct...".* The Young Turks host Cenk Uygur breaks it down. Read more here from Ben Hallman: www.huffingtonpost.com Subscribe to The Young Turks: bit.ly Find out how to watch The Young Turks on Current by clicking here: www.current.com The Largest Online New Show in the World. Google+: www.gplus.to Facebook: www.facebook.com Twitter: twitter.com
http://wn.com/Judge_Blasts_Wells_Fargo
Mardy Fish Hit Line Judge In Eye Wimbledon 2012
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 1:09
- Published: 02 Jul 2012
- Updated: 11 Jul 2012
A lineswoman had to leave the court after being accidentally hit in the eye by a power-packed serve from America's Mardy Fish at Wimbledon on Monday. The incident happened in the first set of the 10th seed's fourth round match against France's Jo-Wilfried Tsonga on Court Two
http://wn.com/Mardy_Fish_Hit_Line_Judge_In_Eye_Wimbledon_2012
Exclusive: Why Judge Andrew Napolitano Was Fired!
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 10:30
- Published: 18 Feb 2012
- Updated: 11 Jul 2012
Alex Jones reporting from Infowars.com headquarters. After holding my tongue for a week, it is time to expose why Napolitano was unceremoniously fired from Fox News. www.infowars.com twitter.com
http://wn.com/Exclusive_Why_Judge_Andrew_Napolitano_Was_Fired!
New York judge rules an IP address is not a person
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 7:48
- Published: 05 May 2012
- Updated: 10 Jul 2012
A judge in New York has ruled that Internet searches and downloads and other activities done on your personal computer do not mean you are the person behind them. This ruling could cause a problem when it comes to CISPA. In this case, an individual allegedly downloaded an adult film illegally and the judge's ruling has made many Internet freedom advocates happy. Mitch Stoltz, a staff attorney for the Electronic Frontier Foundation, joins us with more. Like us and/or follow us: twitter.com www.facebook.com
http://wn.com/New_York_judge_rules_an_IP_address_is_not_a_person
Judge Mathis Weighs in on the execution of Troy Davis
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:21
- Published: 22 Sep 2011
- Updated: 12 Jul 2012
Judge Greg Mathis Weighs in on the execution of Troy Davis.
http://wn.com/Judge_Mathis_Weighs_in_on_the_execution_of_Troy_Davis
GOP Has Become 'Goofy' - Conservative Judge
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 5:30
- Published: 07 Jul 2012
- Updated: 11 Jul 2012
"Judge Richard Posner was appointed to the bench by former President Ronald Reagan, and has earned a sparkling reputation as a conservative jurist. But Posner, a judge on the 7th US Circuit Court of Appeals in Chicago, says the current incarnation of the Republican Party has driven him away from conservatism. In a candid interview with NPR Thursday, Posner opened up about what he sees as a "real deterioration in conservative thinking" over the last decade. "I've become less conservative since the Republican Party started becoming goofy," Posner said...".* Cenk Uygur, Brian Unger, and Michael Shure discuss on The Young Turks. *Read more here from Tom Kludt at TPM: tpmdc.talkingpointsmemo.com Support The Young Turks by Subscribing bit.ly Like Us on Facebook: www.fb.com Follow Us on Twitter: twitter.com Find out how to watch The Young Turks on Current by clicking here: www.current.com
http://wn.com/GOP_Has_Become_'Goofy'_Conservative_Judge
Footage of Judge Rotenberg Center torturing a person with a disability aired in court (Graphic)
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 3:13
- Published: 11 Apr 2012
- Updated: 07 Jul 2012
Photosensitive epilepsy warning. Also, graphic and disturbing footage. Sign the petition from a former staff member: www.change.org Take a look at my blog, where I write about disability and autism issues: autistichoya.blogspot.com Latest news article hosted2.ap.org For an article from a liberal and progressive news site on the Judge Rotenberg Center (for everyone upset because it's Fox), see www.motherjones.com Original news article at www.myfoxboston.com -- This is NOT electrostatic or electroconvulsive therapy used for some mental disabilities such as depression or bipolar disorder. This is electric SHOCK used as a punishment. Andre was asked to take off his jacket. When he refused, staff electric shocked him and he tried to hide under a table. They dragged him out and tied him facedown to a restraint board where he was kept for seven hours without a break, and shocked a total of thirty-one times. In court, it was admitted that all but one of those electric shocks were for tensing up or screaming. If you are horrified, disgusted, and sickened by what you just watched, please contact the members of the Massachusetts Joint Committee on Children, Families, and Persons with Disabilities. There are four bills currently assigned to that committee that target the JRC. Read more about the bills (and see links to their full text) here: www.autismeducationproject.org The Senate Chair is Michael Rodrigues. Phone: 617-722-1114 Email: Michael.Rodrigues@masenate.gov The House Chair <b>...</b>
http://wn.com/Footage_of_Judge_Rotenberg_Center_torturing_a_person_with_a_disability_aired_in_court_Graphic
Victory Motorcycles: The Victory Judge
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 2:09
- Published: 18 Jan 2012
- Updated: 11 Jul 2012
American muscle never died, it just needed handlebars. The new Victory Judge brings an all-out attitude without a heavy price tag. With our standard 106ci Freedom V-Twin engine, 113 foot pounds of torque, 6 speed overdrive, drag bars, and mid mounted controls, there will be no other bike on the road like this one. www.victorymotorcycles.com http www.twitter.com
http://wn.com/Victory_Motorcycles_The_Victory_Judge
Fox closes Freedom Watch with Judge Napolitano
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 8:24
- Published: 10 Feb 2012
- Updated: 08 Jul 2012
Fox business network is dropping three of their primetime shows, one including the top-rated show "Freedom watch" hosted by Judge Napolitano. Judge Napolitano covers topics from Occupy Wall street, to the National authorization act, in fact he has been consistently pro-Ron Paul and anti-war. To talk more about the cancellation of these shows Wayne Allen Root, a libertarian and author book "The consistence of a Libertarian; empowering the citizen revolution with God, guns, gold and tax cuts", joins RT's Kristine Frazao. Like us and/or follow us: twitter.com www.facebook.com
http://wn.com/Fox_closes_Freedom_Watch_with_Judge_Napolitano
Judge Napolitano: What if they're lying to you about Ron Paul? - Fox Business
- Order: Reorder
- Duration: 4:27
- Published: 07 Jan 2012
- Updated: 11 Jul 2012
For media black-outs: www.reddit.com Is the NY Times Ignoring Ron Paul Deliberately?: www.youtube.com Need to Black Out Ron Paul for 12.5 Minutes? - CBS Shows You How It's Done: www.youtube.com The Invisible Ron, Guest Starring Jan Crawford and CBS: www.youtube.com The Judge ponders whether elections are simply means of social control and what "public opinion" actually tells us about what free people think. Follow the media black-out of Ron Paul: www.reddit.com This clip was broadcast on Fox Business Freedom Watch: www.foxbusiness.com
http://wn.com/Judge_Napolitano_What_if_they're_lying_to_you_about_Ron_Paul?_Fox_Business
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photo: NASA
14 Jul 2012
A solar storm is racing toward Earth this weekend, but scientists say not to worry. The blast of charged solar particles was due to arrive on Saturday morning and last through Sunday as it slams into...
photo: AP / Drug Enforcement Administration
13 Jul 2012
LOS ANGELES: US and Mexican authorities have unearthed a 240-yard-long drug smuggling tunnel under their joint border in the state of Arizona, the latest such find in the violence-scarred region, US...
photo: US Navy / MCS3 Jeff Atherton
14 Jul 2012
Iran could prevent even "a single drop of oil" passing through the Strait of Hormuz if its security is threatened, country's naval commander has said, as tensions simmer over Tehran's...
photo: AP
13 Jul 2012
LAGOS, Nigeria -- A truck carrying fuel veered off the road into a ditch, caught fire and exploded in Nigeria's oil-rich delta Thursday, killing at least 95 people who had rushed to the scene to...
photo: AP / Evan Vucci
15 Jul 2012
Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling When Republican presidential contender Mitt Romney used the idiom "Obamacare" at the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP),...
photo: AP / Orlando Sentinel
15 Jul 2012
George Zimmerman no longer believes he will get a fair “stand your ground” hearing or fair trial in the Trayvon Martin shooting case, and he has asked the presiding judge to step down,...
photo: AP / Kevork Djansezian
11 Jul 2012
LOS ANGELES — A judge ordered an audit of Chris Brown's community service progress Tuesday after a prosecutor handling his felony assault case cited a possible discrepancy in the amount of work...
photo: AP / Christophe
10 Jul 2012
• Judge says complaint more of PR exercise than legal argument • Seven-times Tour de France winner allowed to resubmit lawsuit Lance Armstrong may resubmit his lawsuit against the US Anti-Doping...
Judging Roberts II
16 Jul 2012
Pittsburgh Tribune Review
Regarding Vikram David Amar and Akhil Reed Amarâs article âJohn Roberts reaches for greatnessâ (July 7 and TribLIVE.com), the authorsâ arguments are vacuous...(size: 1.1Kb)
Judging Roberts I
16 Jul 2012
Pittsburgh Tribune Review
The Supreme Court failed the American people by not throwing ObamaCare out in its entirety. Wordplay is not its job; a constitutional ruling on ObamaCareâs entire context is! The progressive element of the Supreme Court, in...(size: 1.5Kb)
Seattle Post
It's no secret that American Idol is looking for a few new judges and it seems the singing competition already has one very qualified individual interested in the gig. "The Queen of Soul" Aretha Franklin told CNN in an...(size: 1.4Kb)
Ramapo judge disposes of case from 1996
16 Jul 2012
Lower Hudson Online
Cases in town and village courts can be...(size: 0.3Kb)
IMDb
It's no secret that American Idol is looking for a few new judges...(size: 0.4Kb)
Aretha Franklin wants to judge 'American Idol'
16 Jul 2012
Celebrity Café
American Idol has hit a rough patch. Judges Steven Tyler and Jennifer Lopez recently announced they’re leaving the show. Producers are now in a tough spot, but Aretha Franklin hopes to change that. The Queen of Soul...(size: 1.4Kb)
Digital Spy
Aretha Franklin has revealed that she is interested in taking over as a judge on American Idol. The Fox reality series was recently hit by two bombshells when Jennifer Lopez and Steven Tyler announced that they are leaving the show. Both judges apparently left the singing competition show to focus...(size: 8.3Kb)
Randy Jackson on departing 'American Idol' judges Jennifer Lopez, Steven Tyler: 'I will love them for life'
16 Jul 2012
New York Daily News
No hard feelings, dawg. Randy Jackson may be the last one left at the "American Idol" judges' table, but he isn't letting the show's shakeup get to him. "Steven and Jennifer are truly two of the most talented and consummate professionals I've worked with," Jackson told Gossip Cop...(size: 2.1Kb)
NZ Herald
The principal Youth Court judge is asking school boards of trustees to try to keep every child actively involved in education, before resorting to expelling or excluding troubled students. Speaking at a board of trustees (BOT) conference over the weekend, Judge Andrew Becroft called for...(size: 1.9Kb)
For other uses, see Judge (disambiguation).
 |
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (February 2007) |
 Sir Lyman Poore Duff, PC, GCMG, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Canada (1933–1944) |
|
| Occupation | |
|---|---|
| Names | Judge, justice, magistrate |
| Activity sectors | Law Politics |
| Description | |
| Competencies | Analytical mind, critical thinking, impartiality, commercial sense |
| Education required | Usually experience as an advocate |
A judge is a person who presides over court proceedings, either alone or as part of a panel of judges. The powers, functions, method of appointment, discipline, and training of judges vary widely across different jurisdictions. The judge is supposed to conduct the trial impartially and in an open court. The judge hears all the witnesses and any other evidence presented by the parties of the case, assesses the credibility and arguments of the parties, and then issues a ruling on the matter at hand based on his or her interpretation of the law and his or her own personal judgment. In some jurisdictions, the judge's powers may be shared with a jury. In inquisitorial systems of criminal investigation, a judge might also be an examining magistrate.
Contents |
Symbols of office[link]
A variety of traditions have become associated with the rank or occupation.
In many parts of the world, judges wear long robes (usually in black or red) and sit on an elevated platform during trials (known as the bench).
In some countries, especially in the Commonwealth of Nations, judges sometimes wear wigs. The long wig often associated with judges is now reserved for ceremonial occasions, although it was part of the standard attire in previous centuries. A short wig resembling but not identical to a barrister's wig would be worn in court. This tradition, however, is being phased out in Britain in non-criminal courts.[1]
American judges frequently wear black robes. American judges have ceremonial gavels, although American judges have court deputies or bailiffs and "contempt of court" power as their main devices to maintain decorum in the courtroom. However, in some Western states, like California, judges did not always wear robes and instead wore everyday clothing. Today, some members of state supreme courts, such as the Maryland Court of Appeals wear distinct dress.
In Italy both judges and lawyers wear particular black robes.
In the People's Republic of China, judges wore regular street clothes until 1984, when they began to wear military-style uniforms, which were intended to demonstrate authority. These uniforms were replaced in 2000 by black robes similar to those worn in the rest of the world.[citation needed]
In Oman, the judge wears a long stripe (red, green white), while the attorneys wear the black gown.
Titles and forms of address[link]
 |
This unreferenced section requires citations to ensure verifiability. |
Asia[link]
Hong Kong[link]
In Hong Kong, judges were addressed, in Cantonese, as Fat Goon Dai Yan (法官大人) before 1997, and as Fat Goon Gok Ha (法官閣下) since 1997. Fat Goon (法官) means "Judge". When trials are conducted in English, another official language of the city-state, magistrates are addressed as 'Sir/Madam', and District Court judges as 'Your Honour'. In the higher courts, namely the Court of First Instance, the Court of Appeal and the Court of Final Appeal, counsel continue to address judges as 'My Lord'/'My Lady' and 'Your Lordship'/'Your Ladyship', following the British tradition.
India[link]
In India, judges of the Supreme Court and the High Courts are addressed as 'Your Lordship'/'My Lord' and 'Your Ladyship'/'My Lady', a tradition directly attributable to England. However a resolution of the Bar Council of India calls upon lawyers not to address the judges as 'lord' or 'lady', questioning the association with nobility within a constitutional democracy. Lawyers however continue to so address judges – partly out of entrenched habit and partly out of fear of falling in disfavour with them. Subordinate court judges (district, magistrate, munsif and sub-judges) are addressed as 'Your Honour'.
Israel[link]
In Israel, judges of all courts are addressed as "Sir/Madam" (אדוני/גבירתי) or "Your Honor" (כבודו/כבודה).
Japan[link]
In Japan, judges are addressed simply as "Saibancho" (Chief judge) or "Saibankan" (Judge)
Malaysia[link]
In Malaysia, judges of the subordinate courts are addressed as "Tuan" or "Puan" (Sir or Madam), or Your Honour, while judges of the superior courts are addressed as "Yang Arif" (lit. "Learned One") or My Lord/Lady and Your Lordship/Ladyship if the proceedings, as they generally are in the superior courts, are in English.
Pakistan[link]
In Pakistan, judges of the Supreme Court and the High Courts are addressed as 'Your Lordship'/'My Lord' and 'Your Ladyship'/'My Lady', a tradition directly attributable to England. There is some resistance to this on religious grounds but more or less continues till this day. In lower courts, judges are addressed as "sir", "madam" or the Urdu equivalent "Janab".
Sri Lanka[link]
In Sri Lanka, judges of all courts are addressed as "Your Honour", however the Chief Justice is addressed as "Your Lordship". Judges of the Supreme Court and the Appeal Court receives the title "The Honourable".[citation needed]
Europe[link]
Bulgaria[link]
In Bulgaria before 1989 during the communist regime judges were addressed as "другарю" ("comrade").[2] After 1989 - "господин/ госпожо съдия" ("Mr./Mrs. Judge").
France[link]
In France, the presiding judge of a court is addressed as "Mr./Mrs. President" (Monsieur le président/Madame la présidente), whilst associate judges are addressed as "Mr./Mrs. Judge" (Monsieur le juge/Madame le juge).
Germany[link]
In Germany as "Mr./Mrs. Chairman" (Herr Vorsitzender/Frau Vorsitzende).
Ireland[link]
Judges of the Supreme Court or High Court are officially titled "The Honourable Mr/Mrs/Ms/Miss Justice N", referred to for short as "Mr/Mrs/Ms/Miss Justice N" and addressed in Court by their respective titles or styles, as "The Court", or simply "Judge". Some barristers continue occasionally to use the traditional mode of style, "My Lord", but this has been discouraged since 2006. In law reports, the Chief Justice of Ireland has the postnominal "CJ", the President of the High Court the postnominal "P", and all other judges "J", e.g. "Smith J".
Judges of the Circuit Court are titled "His/Her Honour Judge N" and are addressed in Court as "Judge". Before 2006, they were addressed as "My Lord". In law reports, "Judge Smith".
Judges of the District Court are titled "Judge N" and addressed in Court as "Judge". Before 1991 these judges were known as District Justices and addressed as "Your Worship".
Italy[link]
In Italy the presiding judge of a court is addressed as well to as "Mr./Mrs. President of the Court" ("Signor presidente della corte").
Netherlands[link]
In the Netherlands, presiding judges of either sex during trial are addressed edelachtbare ("Your Honor").
Poland[link]
In Poland, presiding judges of either sex during trial are addressed Wysoki Sądzie ("High Judge").
Russia[link]
In Russia as "Your Honor" ("Ваша Честь" trans. "Vasha Chest") - for criminal cases only. For civil and commercial cases the right version is "Respected Court".
Spain[link]
In Spain, magistrates of the Supreme Court, magistrates and judges are addressed to as "Your Lordship" (Su Señoría); however, in formal occasions, magistrates of the Supreme Court are addressed to as "Your Right Honorable Lordship" (Vuestra Señoría Excelentísima or Excelentísimo Señor/Excelentísima Señora); in those solemn occasions, magistrates of lower Courts are addressed as "Your Honorable Lordship" (Vuestra Señoría Ilustrísima or Ilustrísimo Señor/Ilustrísima Señora); simple judges are always called "Your Lordship".
Sweden[link]
In Sweden the presiding judge of a court is normally addressed as (sometimes Mr./Mrs.) Chairman (Herr "Ordförande"/Fru "Ordförande").
United Kingdom[link]
[edit] England and Wales
In the Courts of England and Wales judges of the High Court and Court of Appeal are addressed (when sitting in those courts) as "My Lord" or "My Lady" and referred to as "Your Lordship" or "Your Ladyship".
When a judge of the High Court who is not present is being referred to they are described as "Mr./Mrs. Justice N." In writing, the post-nominal letter "J" is used to denote a Judge (male or female) of the High Court: for example, Smith J.
Judges of the Court of Appeal, also called Lords Justice of Appeal, are referred to as "Lord Justice N" or "Lady Justice N." In writing, Lords Justices of Appeal are afforded the post nominal letters "LJ:" for example, Smith LJ.
Circuit Judges and Recorders are addressed as "Your Honour." Circuit judges are referred to as "His/Her Honour Judge N." In writing, this title may be abbreviated as "HHJ" or "HH Judge," e.g. "HH Judge Smith." district judges and tribunal judges are addressed as "Sir/Madam".
Lay magistrates are sometimes still addressed as "Your Worship" in England, South Africa and Canada, mainly by solicitors, but this practice in other Commonwealth countries is nearly obsolete. Lay magistrates are also addressed as "Sir/Madam."
Masters of the High Court are addressed as "Master".
In the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom, judges are called Justices of the Supreme Court. Those Justices of the Supreme Court who do not hold life peerages are now given the courtesy style "Lord" or "Lady."[3] Justices of the Supreme Court are addressed as "My Lord/Lady" in court. In the law reports, the Justices of the Supreme Court are usually referred to as "Lord/Lady N", although the Weekly Law Reports appends the post-nominal letters "JSC" (e.g. "Lady Smith JSC"), and the President and Deputy President of the Court are afforded the post-nominal letters PSC and DPSC respectively.
Scotland[link]
In the Courts of Scotland judges in the Court of Session, High Court of Justiciary and Sheriff Courts are all addressed as "My Lord" or "My Lady" and referred to as "Your Lordship" or "Your Ladyship".
Justices of the Peace in Justice of the Peace Courts are addressed and referred to as "Your Honour".
Northern Ireland[link]
The judicial system of Northern Ireland is very similar to that of England and Wales, and superior court judges are addressed the same way as those in England and Wales. However there are a few differences at the lower levels.
In Northern Ireland, the equivalent to a Circuit Judge is a County Court Judge, and they are addressed and titled the same way as a Circuit Judge is in England and Wales. The senior County Court Judges assigned to the County Court Divisions of Belfast and Derry have the titles of Recorder of Belfast and Recorder of Londonderry respectively, but are addressed the same as other County Court Judges. A district judge sitting in the County Court is addressed as "Your Honour".
A District Judge (Magistrates' Court) is addressed as "Your Worship". A Lay Magistrate, in cases where they are present, is also addressed as "Your Worship", and may use the post nominals "LM", e.g. "John Smith LM". [4].
North America[link]
Canada[link]
In general, Canadian judges are addressed directly as "Your Honour" or "Justice" and are formally referred to in the third person as "The Honourable Mr. (or Madam) Justice 'Forename Surname'". Less formally, judges of a Superior Court are referred to as "Justice 'Surname'", and it is never appropriate to refer to such a judge as "Judge 'Surname.'" When referred to in a decision of a court, judges' titles are often abbreviated to the suffix "J.", so that Justice Smith will be referred to as Smith J. Judges in some superior courts are addressed as "My Lord" or "My Lady".[5]
Generally, it is only appropriate to use the term "judge" when speaking of an anonymous or general position, such as "the trial judge," or when referring to a member of an inferior or provincial court such as the Ontario Court of Justice.
Like other members of the Commonwealth, a justice of the peace is addressed as "Your Worship," and a Master of a Superior Court is both addressed and referred to as "Master."
United States[link]
In many states throughout the United States, a judge is addressed as "Your Honor" or "Judge" when presiding over the court. "Judge" may be more commonly used by attorneys and staff, while either may be common with the plaintiff or defendant. Notably, the Superior Court of Los Angeles County, the largest unified trial court in the United States, has a rule that the judge shall be addressed only as "Your Honor", and never as "Judge", "Judge (name)", "ma'am", or "sir".[6]
The judges of the Supreme Court of the United States, and the judges of the supreme courts of several U.S. states and other countries are called "justices" or "judges of the peace".
The justices of the supreme courts usually hold higher offices than the justice of the peace, a judge who holds police court in some jurisdictions and who typically tries small claims and misdemeanors. However, the state of New York inverts the usual order, with the Supreme Court of the State of New York being the lowest trial court of general jurisdiction, and the Court of Appeals being the highest court. This is a historical artifact from when the superior trial court in common law jurisdictions was called the "supreme court" (which still exists in some jurisdictions, such as Australia).
Consequently, New York trial judges are called "justices", while the judges on the Court of Appeals are "judges". New York judges who deal with guardianships, trusts and estates are uniquely known as "surrogates".
A senior judge, in U.S. practice, is a retired judge who handles selected cases for a governmental entity while in retirement, on a part-time basis.
Subordinate or inferior jurisdiction judges in U.S. legal practice are sometimes called magistrates, although in the federal court of the United States, they are called magistrate judges. Subordinate judges in U.S. legal practice who are appointed on a case-by-case basis, particularly in cases where a great deal of detailed and tedious evidence must be reviewed, are often called "masters" or "special masters" and have authority in a particular case often determined on a case by case basis.
Judges of courts of specialized jurisdiction (such as bankruptcy courts or juvenile courts) were sometimes known officially as "referees," but the use of this title is in decline. Judges sitting in courts of equity in common law systems (such as judges in the equity courts of Delaware) are called "Chancellors".
Individuals with judicial responsibilities who report to an executive branch official, rather than being a part of the judiciary, are often called "administrative law judges" in U.S. practice. They were previously known as hearing examiners. They commonly make initial determinations regarding matters such as workers' compensation, eligibility for government benefits, regulatory matters, and immigration determinations.
Judges who derive their authority from a contractual agreement of the parties to a dispute, rather than a governmental body are called arbitrators. They typically do not receive the honorific forms of address nor do they bear the symbolic trappings of a publicly appointed judge. However, it is now common for many retired judges to serve as arbitrators, and they will often write their names as if they were still judges, with the parenthetical "(Ret.)" for "Retired."
Unlike many civil law countries which have some courts on which panels of judges with nearly equal status composed of both legally trained professional judges and lay judges who lack legal training and are not career judges, the United States legal system (like most Anglo-American legal systems) makes a clear distinction between professional judges and laymen involved in deciding case who are jurors who are part of a jury. Most, but not all U.S. judges have professional credentials as lawyers. Non-lawyer judges in the United States are often elected, and a typically either justices of the peace or part-time judges in rural limited jurisdiction courts. A non-lawyer judge typically has the same rights and responsibilities as a lawyer who is a judge holding the same office, and is addressed in the same manner.
Oceania[link]
Australia[link]
In Australia since 2007 magistrates and judges of all jurisdictions including the High Court of Australia are now referred to as "Your Honour" or "His Honour Mr Justice Forename Surname". Judges of the Supreme Court are called "Justice". Like other common law jurisdictions, when referred to in court judgments as Surname J. Judges in the New South Wales Court of Appeal are referred to as Justices of the Appeal (abbreviated Surname JA).
New Zealand[link]
In New Zealand, judges of the High Court and above are referred to as "His/Her Honour Justice Surname" in speech, and "Surname J" in writing. Judges of the District Court and the other statutory courts are referred to as "His/Her Honour Judge Surname" in speech, and "Surname DCJ" or "Judge Surname" in writing. The "Mr" of the title "Mr Justice" was dropped on the appointment of Cartwright J to the High Court. In Court, all judges are addressed as "Your Honour", or "Sir/Madam".
South America[link]
Brazil[link]
In Brazil, judges are simply called "juiz" or "juíza" (male and female forms of "judge") and traditionally addressed to as "Vossa Excelência" (lit. "Your Excellency", translated as "Your Honor") or "Meritíssimo" (lit. "Honorable", but it is used as a pronoun also translated as "Your Honor"). Judges that are part of a pannel in a State Court, or Federal Court are called "desembargadores". Judges sitting in the higher courts (Supremo Tribunal Federal, Superior Tribunal de Justiça, Tribunal Superior do Trabalho and Tribunal Superior Eleitoral) are called "ministro" or "ministra" (male and female forms of "minister") and also referred to as "Vossa Excelência".
International courts[link]
At the International Court of Justice, judges may be addressed by the titles they received in their countries of origin.
Judges of the International Criminal Court are referred to as "judge."
Other[link]
Biblical Judges[link]
The Biblical Book of Judges revolves around a succession of leaders who were known as "Judges" (Hebrew shoftim שופטים) but who - aside from their judicial function - were also tribal war leaders, leading in war against threatening enemies. The same word is, however, used in contemporary Israel to denote judges whose function and authority is similar to that in other modern countries.
See also[link]
 |
Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Judges |
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Judges |
- Adjudicator
- Barrister
- Court dress
- Election judge
- Judicial deference
- Judiciary
- Lawyer
- Lay judge
- List of jurists
- Magistrate
- Prosecutor
- Public defender
- Solicitor
References[link]
- ^ Hosted.ap.org
- ^ Корнажер, П. - "Съдебна реторика. Избрани съдебни речи", ИК Софи-Р, С., 2000, с. 77
- ^ http://www.supremecourt.gov.uk/docs/pr_1013.pdf
- ^ http://www.law.qub.ac.uk/schools/SchoolofLaw/Education/handbooks/Filetoupload,150353,en.pdf
- ^ Albertacourts.ab.ca
- ^ Rule 8.5, Los Angeles Superior Court Rules.
External links[link]
 |
Look up judge in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. |
Europe
M.E.D.E.L European association of judges and public prosecutors.
- CEPEJ European commission for the efficiency of justice.
- CCJE European consultative council of judges.
- How sentencing works: You be the Judge
- Directgov Crown Court - what it does (Directgov, England and Wales)
http://wn.com/Judge
Related pages:
http://ru.wn.com/Судья
http://es.wn.com/Juez
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judge
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
 |
This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. It includes attribution to IMDb, which may not be a reliable source for biographical information. Please help by adding additional, reliable sources for verification. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (November 2007) |
| Marilyn Milian | |
|---|---|
| Born | (1961-05-01) May 1, 1961 (age 51) Astoria, New York |
Marilyn Milian, (born May 1, 1961, in Astoria, New York), is a former Florida state circuit court judge and currently presides over the American television program The People's Court. She is the first female judge to preside over the long-running show and the second longest-running judge overall.[1]
Contents |
Early life and education[link]
Born to Cuban parents, Milian is fluent in Spanish. She and her family moved to Miami when she was eight years old. She graduated from St. Brendan High School. Milian earned her undergraduate degree in psychology from the University of Miami, graduating summa cum laude, with a 4.0 grade point average. She then attended Georgetown University Law Center, earning her J.D., cum laude, at age 23. She spent a year working at Harvard Law School, where she served as director of training for the Guatemala Project. She was responsible for training the Guatemalan trial judiciary, defense and prosecution bar in investigatory and trial techniques.[2]
Legal career[link]
Milian worked as an assistant state attorney for the Dade County State Attorney's Office. She was appointed to the position by Janet Reno, who was then the state attorney for the county. In 1999, Florida governor Jeb Bush appointed Milian to the Miami Circuit Court, where she served in the Criminal Division. Prior to that, she spent five years in the Miami County Court in the Domestic Violence Court, Criminal and Civil divisions. In 2001, she replaced Jerry Sheindlin as judge of The People's Court, and became the first Hispanic judge on any television court show. At some point, according to her in one of the episodes of The People's Court, she also taught law at the University of Miami.
Personal[link]
Milian is married to Judge John Schlesinger, a former assistant United States attorney, who in 2004 was elected to the 11th Judicial Circuit Court for Miami-Dade County, Florida. This is the same position that Milian held before retiring to The People's Court. They live in Coral Gables, Florida, with their three children: Cristina (born in 1996), Alexandra (born in 1998), and Sofia (born in 2001). She travels to Manhattan on a biweekly basis for three days of taping of The People's Court.
Judge Milian lends her support to many community and philanthropic organizations. Milian is the spokesperson for the FBI's Safe Online Surfing (FBI-SOS) campaign. She is a sought-after speaker well known for her dedication to the Hispanic community and a strong voice against domestic violence. Milian has served as emcee for a number of charitable causes, including the Latino Commission on AIDS, The Lighthouse for the Blind, The Miami-Dade County Teachers Awards, Hope for Vision, and the South Florida Children's Home Society.
She was an honorary host for National Chairman Arnold Schwarzenegger's 2003 annual celebration of the South Florida Inner-City Games. Milian was the honorary judge for Washington's 2002 Teachers Making A Difference campaign and is actively involved in supporting Southern Florida's Children's Cancer Center's Summer Camp, hosting "Camp Court" mock trials of camp counselors by the young campers. On September 20, 2006, she received the "Groundbreaking Latina of the Year" award from Catalina magazine and the National Association of Latina Leaders.
Acting career[link]
She appeared in the role of a judge on The George Lopez Show in the episodes "George's Mom Faces Hard Tambien" and "George Testi-Lies for Benny" for the case of George's mom Benny being an accomplice to a robbery 30 years ago. She now is a Judge on the People's Court.
Filmography[link]
- 2007: George Lopez .... Judge Alvarez (2 episodes, 2007)
- 2002: As the World Turns .... Judge (3 episodes, 2002)
References[link]
- ^ Richardson, Lynda (2001-03-27). "From a Courtroom on Camera, Justice With Style". New York Times. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C04E1D6113CF934A15750C0A9679C8B63. Retrieved 2008-06-21.
- ^ Ogunnaike, Lola (2006-07-02). "Don't Mess With the People's Judge, Marilyn Milian". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2006/07/02/arts/television/02ogun.html. Retrieved 2008-05-22.
External links[link]
| Legal offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Jerry Sheindlin |
Judge of The People's Court March 12, 2001–present |
Succeeded by Incumbent |
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Milian, Marilyn |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | American judge |
| Date of birth | 1961-05-01 |
| Place of birth | Queens, New York |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Marilyn_Milian
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marilyn_Milian
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
 |
|
| Country |  United States of America |
|---|---|
| Residence | Beverly Hills, CA, United States |
| Born | (1981-12-09) December 9, 1981 (age 30) Edina, Minnesota |
| Height | 1.88 m (6 ft 2 in) |
| Weight | 82 kg (180 lb) |
| Turned pro | 2000 |
| Plays | Right-handed (two-handed backhand) |
| Career prize money | $5,815,885 |
| Singles | |
| Career record | 274–194 (58.24%) |
| Career titles | 6 |
| Highest ranking | No. 7 (August 15, 2011)[1] |
| Current ranking | No. 10 (May 21, 2012)[1] |
| Grand Slam Singles results | |
| Australian Open | QF (2007) |
| French Open | 3R (2011) |
| Wimbledon | QF (2011) |
| US Open | QF (2008) |
| Other tournaments | |
| Tour Finals | RR (2011) |
| Olympic Games |  Silver medal (2004) |
| Doubles | |
| Career record | 114–93 (at ATP Tour-level, Grand Slam-level, and in Davis Cup) |
| Career titles | 8 |
| Highest ranking | No. 14 (July 6, 2009) |
| Current ranking | No. 49 (June 6, 2011) |
| Grand Slam Doubles results | |
| Australian Open | QF (2005, 2009) |
| French Open | 2R (2002) |
| Wimbledon | SF (2009) |
| US Open | 3R (2001, 2010) |
| Last updated on: April 4, 2012. | |
| Olympic medal record | ||
|---|---|---|
| Men's Tennis | ||
| Silver | 2004 Athens | Singles |
Mardy Simpson Fish (born December 9, 1981) is an American professional tennis player, and Olympic silver medalist. He is a hardcourt specialist. He is one of several American tennis players who rose to prominence in the early 2000s.
Fish has won six tournaments on the main ATP Tour, and has reached the final of four Masters Series events: Cincinnati in 2003 and 2010, Indian Wells in 2008, and Montreal in 2011. His best result at a Grand Slam tournament has been reaching the quarter final stage at the 2007 Australian Open, the 2008 US Open, and the 2011 Wimbledon Championships.
In April 2011, Fish overtook compatriot Andy Roddick to become the American No. 1 in the ATP rankings. As of 21 November 2011, he is ranked World No. 8.[2] His current career-high singles ranking is World No. 7.
Contents |
Early life[link]
Fish is the son of a tennis teaching professional and a housewife, Tom and Sally Fish. He was born in Edina, Minnesota. In 1984 a Minneapolis TV station ran a profile of Fish, at the age of two, hitting tennis balls from the baseline over the net. In 1986, Fish's family moved to Vero Beach, Florida. He attended Vero Beach High School for tenth grade, then moved to Boca Prep in Boca Raton, Florida for his junior and senior years of high school. He, Andy Roddick, and Jesse Levine all attended Boca Prep International School.[3] During 1999 he lived with Roddick's family, and the two played on the same tennis and basketball teams.[4]
Tennis career[link]
Fish turned professional in 2000 at the age of 18. He spent his first few years as a pro playing in the Challenger and Futures circuits. He earned his first title on the ATP Tour in 2002 playing doubles in the U.S. Men's Clay Court Championships in Houston, Texas, with Andy Roddick.
Fish's career improved significantly in 2003, when he won his first ATP singles title and reached the biggest final of his career in Cincinnati. His singles victory came near the end of the season, when he defeated Robin Söderling to win the Stockholm Open in Stockholm, Sweden. In addition, he defeated fifth-seeded and former world no. 1 Carlos Moyà at the 2003 Australian Open in the second round, 3–6, 7–6, 6–4, 4–6, 6–2. He finished the year ranked no. 20 in the world.
Fish played well in 2004, reaching the finals at the SAP Open in San Jose, California and in the Gerry Weber Open in Halle, Germany. Later that year, in August, Fish obtained a silver medal for the United States at the 2004 Summer Olympics, when he lost in five sets to Chilean Nicolás Massú. Fish defeated Juan Carlos Ferrero and Fernando González to reach the final.
In 2005, Fish injured his left wrist. It eventually required two surgeries, and as a result, he only played 17 matches in the year.
2006[link]
Fish was awarded a wildcard in April into the US Men's Claycourt Championships. He won the tournament, defeating eighth seed Juan Mónaco, Rainer Schüttler, Vince Spadea, Tommy Haas, and Jürgen Melzer in the final 3–6, 6–4, 6–3.
At Wimbledon, Fish signaled his return to professional status as he reached the third round, defeating fellow American Robby Ginepri and Dutch player Melle van Gemerden. The night prior to his third-round match, he suffered from food poisoning. He could only play one set before retiring against Georgian Irakli Labadze.
2007[link]
Fish began 2007 by achieving his best finish at a Grand Slam. Fish reached the fourth round of the Australian Open, eventually losing to his old roommate and doubles partner, Andy Roddick, in the quarterfinals. Fish made waves on day 1 of the tournament by knocking off Ivan Ljubičić, the fourth seed, and had an easy win in the third round when his opponent Wayne Arthurs retired in the opening set. Fish had few problems in his first four matches, but lost in straight sets to Roddick in the quarterfinals. However, he moved up by 17 places in the ATP rankings.
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2008[link]
Fish started off 2008 quite well at the Hopman Cup, an exhibition event in Perth, Australia. Partnering with Serena Williams, he won the title. Williams was ill and arrived after the start of the event, but Meghann Shaughnessy filled in for the first match. Fish won against Indian Rohan Bopanna and Australian Peter Luczak, and received a walkover from Czech Tomáš Berdych. Although Fish lost the first doubles match, he and Williams were undefeated in two mixed doubles matches. They qualified as undefeated for the final, where they faced top-seeded Serbians Novak Djokovic and Jelena Janković. Although Fish lost in singles against Djokovic, the Americans again won the mixed doubles match to win the title.
Fish fell to Jarkko Nieminen in the third round of the Australian Open after a code violation caused him to lose his composure.
Fish then went on to make a quarterfinal showing at the 2008 Delray Beach International Tennis Championships, before losing to long-time friend and wild-card entry Robby Ginepri.
At the Pacific Life Open in Indian Wells, California, Fish defeated world no. 1 Roger Federer in the semifinals in what Fish described as "a great win,"[5] after failing to beat the Swiss player in five previous matches. However, Fish lost in the final to Novak Djokovic, the third seed.
At the French Open, Fish lost in the second round to 25th-seeded Lleyton Hewitt with Fish committing 58 unforced errors, compared to Hewitt's twelve.[6]
At Wimbledon, Fish lost in the first round to eighth-seeded Richard Gasquet of France.[7]
At the US Open, Fish reached the quarterfinals, before losing to Rafael Nadal of Spain.
2009[link]
Fish won his fifth doubles title, partnering Mark Knowles of the Bahamas at the Regions Morgan Keegan Championships in Memphis. The next week, ranked as the top seed, he won his third singles title at the Delray Beach International Tennis Championships against first-time finalist Evgeny Korolev.
In the 2009 BNP Paribas Open, Fish received a first-round bye, only to be eliminated in the second round by unseeded Frenchman Jérémy Chardy. However, he captured his sixth doubles title and first ATP Masters Series 1000 title with partner Andy Roddick.
In April, Fish played in the 2009 U.S. Men's Clay Court Championships, but was knocked out in the first round by Björn Phau of Germany. He then played in the 2009 Rome Masters, where he lost in the second round to Fernando Verdasco.
Fish advanced to the third round in Wimbledon men's singles, where he fell to Novak Djoković in straight sets. In doubles, he and partner James Blake advanced to the semifinals, before losing to the defending and eventual champions Daniel Nestor and Nenad Zimonjić.
In July, Fish competed in the Davis Cup against Croatia, losing to Marin Čilić in five sets.
On August 30, Fish withdrew from the 2009 US Open, where he was seeded 25th, citing a rib injury.[8]
2010[link]
Fish began 2010 by winning the SAP Open in San Jose with doubles partner Sam Querrey. The pair defeated Benjamin Becker and Leonardo Mayer, 7–6, 7–5, in the final. With this win, Fish improves to 7–1 lifetime in ATP World Tour doubles finals.[7] On 27 March, Fish knocked his second round opponent Andy Murray out of the Sony Ericsson Open in Miami, Florida in straight sets[9] On 10 June, Fish played Andy Murray again in the third round of the Queen's tournament in London. Fish won the first set 6–4, but lost the second 6–1. However, during the third set, Fish was leading 3–0, Murray then brought it back to 3–3. Fish then complained to the umpire that it was too dark, and he then walked off the court without talking to Murray. Murray stayed on the court for a few minutes after the incident and said, "He only complained because I was gaining momentum," and "He wouldn't have complained when he was 3–0 up." The following day, Fish went on to win the third and final set in a 6–4, 1–6, 7–6 victory. He faced Michaël Llodra in the quarterfinals and Feliciano López in the semifinals to reach the final. He lost to compatriot Sam Querrey to finish as runner-up.
At Wimbledon, he lost in the second round to Florian Mayer, 6–7, 6–3, 6–4, 6–4.[10] After Wimbledon, he participated in the last grass-court event of the year, the Hall of Fame Tennis Championships in Newport. He won his fourth title, and first on grass, over Belgian Olivier Rochus in three sets.[11] As a result, his ranking jumped up to the top 50 at 49.[12] He proceeded to win a second straight title, which was also his second of the year and first on hard courts, at the Atlanta Tennis Championships. It was the first tournament in Atlanta in over a decade, and in the semifinal and final rounds, Fish defeated Andy Roddick (whom he had not beaten in eight consecutive career meetings), who was the top seed, and John Isner, who played collegiate tennis for nearby University of Georgia.[13]
In Fish's return to the Western & Southern Financial Group Masters in Cincinnati, he advanced over former world no. 6 Gilles Simon, over world no. 8 Fernando Verdasco, over former world no. 7 Richard Gasquet, and over world no. 4 Murray to reach the semifinals, where he defeated former world no. 1 Andy Roddick, 4–6, 7–6, 6–1. He was edged by world no. 2 Roger Federer, 6–7, 7–6, 6–4, in the final, but jumped into the top 25 in the world rankings.[14]
2011[link]
Fish opened his season at the 2011 Brisbane International, falling in the second round to Stepanek, 3–6, 1–6. Fish then fell in the second round to Tommy Robredo, 6–1, 3–6, 3–6, 3–6, at the 2011 Australian Open.
He made the semifinals at his next two tournaments; 2011 Delray Beach International Tennis Championships, losing to resurging, eventual champion Juan Martin del Potro, and at the 2011 Regions Morgan Keegan Championships losing to fast-rising Canadian youngster Milos Raonic in three sets.
After a first-round bye in the 2011 BNP Paribas Open, he fell in the second round again to Milos Raonic, 5–7, 4–6. At the 2011 Sony Ericsson Open, Fish found some rich vein of form, collecting wins over Julien Benneteau, Richard Gasquet, and notably reached the quarterfinals by winning against Juan Martin del Potro, 7–5, 7–6, who only a few weeks earlier had defeated Fish in Delray Beach. By defeating del Potro and reaching the quarterfinals in Miami, Mardy Fish overtook Andy Roddick as the highest-ranked American player on the tour. Fish's campaign continued, as he upset ATP world no. 6 David Ferrer, 7–5, 6–2, before falling to world no. 2 Novak Djokovic in the semifinals of the Sony Ericsson Open. He entered the top 10 for the first time on April 18, despite not playing, because Fernando Verdasco did not defend his Monte Carlo points.
Fish reached the third round of the 2011 French Open, his best result at the tournament so far. He was beaten by Gilles Simon, 3–6, 4–6, 2–6.
Fish reached the quarterfinals at Wimbledon for the first time, after beating the 2010 finalist Tomas Berdych in straight sets. He lost to world no. 1 Rafael Nadal, 6–3, 6–3, 5–7, 6–4. At the 2011 Farmers Classic on July 31, 2011, Fish faced Ernests Gulbis for the title, having defeated fellow American teenager Ryan Harrison in the semifinals. He finished runner-up to Gulbis, 7–5, 4–6, 4–6. This dropped him to a 6–13 mark in ATP World Tour finals. The following week, he withdrew from Washington D.C., citing a heel injury sustained during the Farmers Classic final.
In August at the 2011 Rogers Cup, Fish reached his fourth Masters series final, defeating Feliciano López, Ernests Gulbis, Stanislas Wawrinka, and Janko Tipsarević, 6–3, 6–4, in the semifinal. In the final, Fish faced world no. 1 Novak Djokovic, who was looking to extend his season record to 53–1. He lost to Djokovic, 2–6, 6–3, 4–6, in the final, saving three match points to come up from 0–40 in the final game. Fish rose to a career-high ranking of no. 7.
Fish continued his impressive run on the American hard courts with a comfortable 6–0, 6–2 victory in the second round of the 2011 Western & Southern Open against former world no. four Nikolay Davydenko. In the quarterfinal, he defeated Rafael Nadal, 6–3, 6–4. This was Fish's first win against Nadal. He faced world no. 4 Andy Murray in the semifinal. Fish lost, 3–6, 6–7, after a thrilling second-set tiebreak. In the 2011 US Open, he advanced to the fourth round by beating German Tobias Kamke and qualifier Malek Jaziri in straight sets in the first two rounds, and South African Kevin Anderson in straight sets with two tiebreakers in the third round. Fish was subsequently eliminated in the fourth round of the tournament by world no. 11 Jo-Wilfried Tsonga.
He reached the semifinals in Tokyo in October, defeating Ryan Harrison, Ernests Gulbis, and Bernard Tomic, before falling to Rafael Nadal.
He played for the first time in the Barclays ATP World Tour Finals, but was eliminated in the round-robin stage.
2012[link]
Fish went down in the second round of the Australian Open to Colombian Alejandro Falla. He made it to the third round of Indian Wells, before being defeated by Australian Matthew Ebden.
He reached the quarterfinals in Miami, but was defeated by Juan Mónaco, 1–6, 3–6.
Suffering from fatigue, he did not play any of the European clay-court season and withdrew from the 2012 French Open.[15]
Equipment[link]
Fish currently endorses the Wilson BLX Six.One 95 18 by 20 racquet with hybrid of Wilson Natural Gut and Luxilon Alu Power strings. His grip of choice is "Wilson Pro Overgrip". He wears K-Swiss clothing and shoes.
Playing style[link]
Fish is one of the few players on the tour to possess an all-court game. His biggest weapons are his strong serve and reliable backhand, and he often wins points at net with adept volleying. His most reliable shot is a two-handed backhand, which he can flatten out effectively to end points. His forehand is more inconsistent, though it has improved in recent years. In 2010, he dropped over 30 pounds, from 203 to 170. This enabled Fish to become much fitter, faster and maintain longer rallies.
Personal life[link]
Fish married Stacey Gardner, a California attorney and "Briefcase Model" on NBC's Deal or No Deal, in a Jewish wedding ceremony in September 2008 (Gardner is Jewish).[16][17] Fish's friend and fellow tennis player James Blake served as groomsman.[17] He is also good friends with Andy Roddick and Bob and Mike Bryan.
He has a group of fans called "The Fishheads" who travel with him and cheer him on during matches.[18]
Major finals[link]
Masters Series Finals[link]
Singles: 4 (0–4)[link]
| Outcome | Year | Championship | Surface | Opponent | Score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Runner-up | 2003 | Cincinnati | Hard | Andy Roddick |
6–4, 6–7(3–7), 6–7(4–7) |
| Runner-up | 2008 | Indian Wells | Hard |  Novak Djokovic |
2–6, 7–5, 3–6 |
| Runner-up | 2010 | Cincinnati (2) | Hard |  Roger Federer |
7–6(7–5), 6–7(1–7), 4–6 |
| Runner-up | 2011 | Montreal | Hard | Novak Djokovic |
2–6, 6–3, 4–6 |
ATP Career Finals[link]
Singles: 20 (6–14)[link]
|
|
|
| Outcome | No. | Date | Championship | Surface | Opponent | Score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Runner-up | 1. | March 10, 2003 | Delray Beach, United States |
Hard | Jan-Michael Gambill |
0–6, 6–7(5–7) |
| Runner-up | 2. | June 23, 2003 |  Nottingham, United Kingdom |
Grass | Greg Rusedski |
3–6, 2–6 |
| Runner-up | 3. | August 18, 2003 | Cincinnati, United States |
Hard | Andy Roddick |
6–4, 6–7(3–7), 6–7(4–7) |
| Winner | 1. | October 20, 2003 |  Stockholm, Sweden |
Hard (i) | Robin Söderling |
7–5, 3–6, 7–6(7–4) |
| Runner-up | 4. | February 16, 2004 | San José, United States |
Hard (i) | Andy Roddick |
6–7(13–15), 4–6 |
| Runner-up | 5. | June 14, 2004 |  Halle, Germany |
Grass | Roger Federer |
0–6, 3–6 |
| Runner-up | 6. | August 22, 2004 |  Athens, Greece |
Hard |  Nicolás Massú |
3–6, 6–3, 6–2, 3–6, 4–6 |
| Winner | 2. | April 10, 2006 | Houston, United States |
Clay |  Jürgen Melzer |
3–6, 6–4, 6–3 |
| Runner-up | 7. | August 27, 2007 | New Haven, United States |
Hard | James Blake |
5–7, 4–6 |
| Runner-up | 8. | March 23, 2008 | Indian Wells, United States |
Hard | Novak Djokovic |
2–6, 7–5, 3–6 |
| Runner-up | 9. | August 23, 2008 | New Haven, United States (2) |
Hard |  Marin Čilić |
4–6, 6–4, 2–6 |
| Runner-up | 10. | February 15, 2009 | San José, United States |
Hard (i) |  Radek Štěpánek |
6–3, 4–6, 2–6 |
| Winner | 3. | March 1, 2009 | Delray Beach, United States |
Hard |  Evgeny Korolev |
7–5, 6–3 |
| Runner-up | 11. | June 13, 2010 | London, United Kingdom |
Grass | Sam Querrey |
6–7(3–7), 5–7 |
| Winner | 4. | July 11, 2010 | Newport, United States |
Grass |  Olivier Rochus |
5–7, 6–3, 6–4 |
| Winner | 5. | July 25, 2010 | Atlanta, United States |
Hard | John Isner |
4–6, 6–4, 7–6(7–4) |
| Runner-up | 12. | August 22, 2010 | Cincinnati, United States (2) |
Hard | Roger Federer |
7–6(7–5), 6–7(1–7), 4–6 |
| Winner | 6. | July 24, 2011 | Atlanta, United States (2) |
Hard | John Isner |
3–6, 7–6(8–6), 6–2 |
| Runner-up | 13. | July 31, 2011 | Los Angeles, United States |
Hard |  Ernests Gulbis |
7–5, 4–6, 4–6 |
| Runner-up | 14. | August 14, 2011 |  Montreal, Canada |
Hard | Novak Djokovic |
2–6, 6–3, 4–6 |
Doubles: 10 (8–2)[link]
|
|
|
| Outcome | No. | Date | Tournament | Surface | Partner | Opponents | Score |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Winner | 1. | April 29, 2002 | Houston, United States |
Clay | Andy Roddick |
 Neville Godwin Jan-Michael Gambill |
6–4, 6–4 |
| Winner | 2. | February 16, 2004 | San José, United States |
Hard (i) | James Blake |
Rick Leach Brian MacPhie |
6–2, 7–5 |
| Winner | 3. | April 19, 2004 | Houston, United States |
Clay | James Blake |
Rick Leach Brian MacPhie |
6–3, 6–4 |
| Runner-up | 1. | February 27, 2006 | Memphis, United States |
Hard | James Blake |
Chris Haggard Ivo Karlović |
6–0, 5–7, [5–10] |
| Winner | 4. | July 7, 2008 | Newport, United States |
Grass | John Isner |
 Rohan Bopanna Aisam-ul-Haq Qureshi |
6–4, 7–6 |
| Winner | 5. | February 13, 2009 | Memphis, United States |
Hard (i) |  Mark Knowles |
Travis Parrott Filip Polášek |
7–6(9–7), 6–1 |
| Winner | 6. | March 9, 2009 | Indian Wells, United States |
Hard | Andy Roddick |
 Max Mirnyi Andy Ram |
3–6, 6–1, [14–12] |
| Winner | 7. | February 14, 2010 | San José, United States |
Hard (i) | Sam Querrey |
Benjamin Becker Leonardo Mayer |
7–6(7–3), 7–5 |
| Winner | 8. | August 8, 2010 | Washington, United States |
Hard | Mark Knowles |
Tomáš Berdych Radek Štěpánek |
4–6, 7–6(9–7), [10–7] |
| Runner-up | 2. | May 15, 2011 |  Rome, Italy |
Clay | Andy Roddick |
John Isner Sam Querrey |
w/o |
Singles Performance Timeline[link]
- Key
| W | F | SF | QF | #R | RR | Q# | A | P | Z# | PO | SF-B | F | NMS |
Won tournament, or reached Final, Semifinal, Quarterfinal, Round 4, 3, 2, 1, played in Round Robin or lost in Qualification Round 3, Round 2, Round 1, Absent from a tournament or Participated in a team event, played in a Davis Cup Zonal Group (with its number indication) or Play-off, won a bronze or silver match at the Olympics. The last is for a Masters Series/1000 tournament that was relegated (Not a Masters Series). Updated till the 2012 Sony Ericsson Open.
| Tournament | 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | SR | W–L | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Grand Slam Tournaments | |||||||||||||||||||
| Australian Open | A | A | 2R | 3R | 1R | 2R | A | QF | 3R | 3R | 1R | 2R | 2R | 0 / 10 | 14–10 | ||||
| French Open | A | Q1 | Q1 | 1R | A | 1R | A | A | 2R | 1R | 2R | 3R | A | 0 / 6 | 4–6 | ||||
| Wimbledon | A | 1R | Q1 | 3R | 2R | A | 3R | 1R | 1R | 3R | 2R | QF | 0 / 9 | 12–9 | |||||
| US Open | 1R | 1R | 2R | 2R | 2R | 1R | 2R | 2R | QF | A | 4R | 4R | 0 / 11 | 15–11 | |||||
| Win–Loss | 0–1 | 0–2 | 2–2 | 5–4 | 2–3 | 1–3 | 3–2 | 5–3 | 7–4 | 4–3 | 5–4 | 10–4 | 1–1 | 0 / 36 | 45–36 | ||||
| ATP World Tour Finals | |||||||||||||||||||
| Tour Finals | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | RR | 0 / 1 | 0–3 | |||||
| Olympic Games | |||||||||||||||||||
| Summer Olympics | A | Not Held | F | Not Held | A | Not Held | 0 / 1 | 5–1 | |||||||||||
| ATP World Tour Masters 1000 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Indian Wells | A | 2R | 1R | A | 4R | 2R | 3R | 2R | F | 2R | 2R | 2R | 3R | 0 / 11 | 14–11 | ||||
| Miami | 2R | A | 2R | 3R | 2R | 2R | 2R | A | 1R | 2R | 4R | SF | QF | 0 / 11 | 16–11 | ||||
| Monte Carlo | A | A | A | 1R | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | A | 0 / 1 | 0–1 | ||||
| Rome | A | A | A | 2R | A | A | A | 1R | 2R | 2R | A | 3R | A | 0 / 5 | 5–5 | ||||
| Madrid | A | A | A | 3R | 2R | A | 2R | 1R | 2R | 2R | 2R | 1R | A | 0 / 8 | 7–8 | ||||
| Canada | A | A | A | 1R | A | A | A | A | 1R | A | A | F | 0 / 3 | 4–3 | |||||
| Cincinnati | 1R | Q2 | Q1 | F | 1R | A | 2R | 1R | 1R | A | F | SF | 0 / 8 | 14–8 | |||||
| Shanghai | Not Masters Series | A | A | 2R | 0 / 1 | 0–1 | |||||||||||||
| Paris | A | A | A | 1R | 2R | A | Q1 | 2R | A | A | A | 3R | 0 / 4 | 3–4 | |||||
| Hamburg | A | A | A | 1R | A | A | A | 1R | 1R | Not Masters Series | 0 / 3 | 0–3 | |||||||
| Win–Loss | 1–2 | 1–1 | 1–2 | 10–8 | 4–5 | 2–2 | 5–4 | 1–6 | 8–7 | 2–4 | 10–4 | 14–8 | 4–2 | 0 / 55 | 63–55 | ||||
| Career Statistics | |||||||||||||||||||
| Titles–Finals | 0–0 | 0–0 | 0–0 | 1–4 | 0–3 | 0–0 | 1–1 | 0–1 | 0–2 | 1–2 | 2–4 | 1–3 | 0–0 | 6–20 | |||||
| Year-End Ranking | 305 | 141 | 84 | 20 | 37 | 225 | 47 | 39 | 24 | 55 | 16 | 8 | $6,674,459 | ||||||
References[link]
- ^ a b "Current ATP Rankings (singles)". atpworldtour.com. Association of Tennis Professionals. http://www.atpworldtour.com/Rankings/Singles.aspx.
- ^ [1]
- ^ [2][dead link]
- ^ [3][dead link]
- ^ Pacific Life Open – March 22 – Mardy Fish (interview transcript)
- ^ Match Statistics[dead link]
- ^ Statistics[dead link]
- ^ [4] Fish Withdraws From Open, August 30, 2009.
- ^ "BBC Sport – Tennis – Mardy Fish punishes out-of-sorts Andy Murray in Florida". BBC News. March 27, 2010. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tennis/8588909.stm. Retrieved August 8, 2011.
- ^ "Player Statistics from The Championships, Wimbledon 2011". Wimbledon.org. http://www.wimbledon.org/en_GB/scores/stats/day10/1213ms.html. Retrieved August 8, 2011.
- ^ Mardy Fish Wins Title & Van Alen Cup, Carsten Ball & Chris Guccione Grab Doubles Title at Campbell's Hall of Fame Tennis Championships – © 2011 International Tennis Hall of Fame & Museum
- ^ Tennis – ATP World Tour – Tennis Players – Mardy Fish[dead link]
- ^ [5][dead link]
- ^ Tennis-X.com. "Federer Ends Title Drought, Reels in Fish for Fourth Cincinnati Crown". Tennis-x.com. http://www.tennis-x.com/xblog/2010-08-22/5038.php. Retrieved August 8, 2011.
- ^ [6]
- ^ "Sandra Harwitt: Plenty to remember off the court in 2008". ESPN. December 12, 2008. http://sports.espn.go.com/sports/tennis/columns/story?columnist=harwitt_sandra&id=3744819. Retrieved August 8, 2011.
- ^ a b Cedenheim, Pernilla (September 29, 2008). "Tennis Ace Mardy Fish Gets Hitched – Weddings". People. http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20229473,00.html. Retrieved August 8, 2011.
- ^ Fish's Fans Add Flavor To First-Round Victory – NYTimes, August 26, 2003
Further reading[link]
- Mardy Fish at the Association of Tennis Professionals Retrieved Sep. 1, 2006.
External links[link]
|
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Mardy Fish |
- Official website
- Mardy Fish at the Association of Tennis Professionals
- Mardy Fish at the International Tennis Federation
- Mardy Fish at the Davis Cup
| Sporting positions | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Andy Murray |
US Open Series Champion 2011 |
Succeeded by Incumbent |
Top ten tennis players
|
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|
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1)
|
||||||||
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Fish, Mardy |
| Alternative names | Fish, Mardy |
| Short description | Tennis player |
| Date of birth | 1981-12-09 |
| Place of birth | Edina, Minnesota |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Mardy_Fish
Related pages:
http://ru.wn.com/Фиш, Марди
http://es.wn.com/Mardy Fish
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mardy_Fish
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
| Andrew Napolitano | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Andrew Napolitano at CPAC in February 2010. | |
| Judge of the New Jersey Superior Court |
|
| In office 1987–1995 |
|
| Appointed by | Thomas Kean |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Andrew Paolo Napolitano (1950-06-06) June 6, 1950 (age 62) Newark, New Jersey, United States |
| Alma mater | Princeton University Notre Dame Law School |
| Occupation | Judge Attorney Media Personality |
| Religion | Roman Catholic |
| Website | Biography on FoxNews.com |
Andrew Paolo Napolitano (born June 6, 1950) is a former New Jersey Superior Court Judge. He is a political and senior judicial analyst for Fox News Channel, commenting on legal news and trials. Napolitano started on the channel in 1998.
Contents |
Early life, judicial and academic career[link]
Napolitano was born in Newark, New Jersey. He is a graduate of Princeton University (he was a founding member of the Concerned Alumni of Princeton[1]) and Notre Dame Law School. Napolitano sat on the New Jersey bench from 1987 to 1995, becoming the state's youngest then-sitting Superior Court judge. He also served as an adjunct professor at Seton Hall University School of Law for 11 years. Napolitano resigned his judgeship in 1995 to pursue his writing and television career.
Media career[link]
Prior to joining Fox as a news analyst, Napolitano was the presiding judge on the television show, Power of Attorney, in which people brought small-claims disputes to a televised courtroom. Differing from similar formats, the plaintiffs and defendants were represented "pro bono" by famous attorneys. The show ran in syndication during the 2000–2001 season.
From 2006 to 2010, Napolitano co-hosted a talk radio show on Fox News Radio with Brian Kilmeade titled Brian and the Judge.
Napolitano hosted a libertarian talk show called Freedom Watch that aired daily, with new episodes on weekdays, on Fox Business Channel.[2] Frequent guests on Freedom Watch were Congressman Ron Paul, economist[citation needed] Peter Schiff, and Lew Rockwell. Napolitano has called himself the "Ayn Rand of Fox News" and has also promoted the works of Friedrich Hayek, Milton Friedman and Ludwig von Mises on his program. The show originally aired once a week on Wednesdays at 2:00 pm on Fox News' Strategy Room. On September 14, 2009 it became a show that airs three to four times a week. On June 12, 2010 it debuted as a weekly show on Fox Business. The show was dropped along with several programs in February 2012 when FBN revamped its entire primetime lineup.[3]
Napolitano regularly substituted for television host Glenn Beck when Beck was absent from his program. After Beck announced he would be leaving Fox News, he asked Napolitano to replace him.[4]
Writing career[link]
In 2004, Napolitano wrote the book, Constitutional Chaos: What Happens When the Government Breaks its Own Laws, a criticism of the American justice system.
In 2006, his second book, The Constitution in Exile: How the Federal Government Has Seized Power by Rewriting the Supreme Law of the Land was published.
A third book, A Nation of Sheep, was released in October 2007.
In April 2009, Napolitano's fourth book, Dred Scott's Revenge: A Legal History of Race and Freedom in America, was released.
In March, 2010, Napolitano's fifth book was released: Lies the Government Told You: Myth, Power, and Deception in American History.
In October, 2011, Napolitano's sixth book was released: It is Dangerous to be Right When the Government is Wrong: The Case for Personal Freedom.
Politics[link]
Napolitano is a pro-life libertarian, more commonly known as libertarian conservatism.[5]
He is a strong advocate of the Constitution, viewing it as a contract that must, according to rule of law, be interpreted the way its authors intended or else be invalid. He therefore asserts that the Federal government has a very limited set of powers, that it is exceeding, and that the Bill of Rights limits its valid actions in all circumstances.
The Constitution applies to persons, not just citizens. If you read the Constitution, its protections are not limited to Americans. And that was written intentionally, because at the time it was written, they didn't know what Native Americans would be. When the post civil war amendments were added, they didn't know how blacks would be considered, because they had a decision of the Supreme Court called Dred Scott, that said blacks are not persons. So in order to make sure the Constitution protected every human being: American, alien; citizen, non-citizen; lawful combatant, enemy combatant; innocent, guilty; those who wish us well, those who wish us ill...they use the broadest possible language, to make it clear: Wherever the government goes, the Constitution goes, and wherever the Constitution goes, the protections that it guarantees restrain the government and requires it to protect those rights.
- Judge Andrew Napolitano & Alan Colmes discuss Gitmo, discussing the Supreme Court rulings on the scope of the protections in the Constitution.
Napolitano has called consumer advocate and frequent presidential candidate Ralph Nader a hero of his.[6]
Napolitano believes that the 9/11 incidents including the subsequent collapse of the World Trade Tower buildings in New York City did not take place as the US government has publicly communicated. “It's "hard for me to believe that" World Trade Center building 7 "came down by itself," said Napolitano, “twenty years from now, people will look at 9-11 the way we look at the assassination of JFK today. It couldn't possibly have been done the way the government told us."[7]
Personal[link]
Napolitano splits his time living in Manhattan and Sussex County, New Jersey where he owns a farm that produces maple syrup.[8]
Napolitano is not related to U.S. Secretary of Homeland Security Janet Napolitano, whom he sometimes jokingly calls "Cousin Janet."[citation needed]
References[link]
- ^ Sethi, Chanakya (18 November 2005). "Alito '72 joined conservative alumni group". Daily Princetonian. http://www.dailyprincetonian.com/2005/11/18/13876/. Retrieved 14 January 2011.
- ^ Stelter, Brian (June 13, 2010). "Libertarian Talk, Now on Fox Business Network". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/14/business/media/14fox.html.
- ^ Fox Business Network Cancels Entire Primetime Lineup. The Huffington Post. February 10, 2012
- ^ Mirkinson, Jack (April 7, 2011). "Glenn Beck To Andrew Napolitano: You Should Replace Me (VIDEO)". Huffington Post. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/04/07/glenn-beck-napolitano-replacement_n_845966.html.
- ^ Nick Gillespie from the March 2005 issue. "The Born-Again Individualist – Reason Magazine". Reason.com. http://reason.com/archives/2005/03/01/the-born-again-individualist/3. Retrieved 2011-04-06.
- ^ After Words with Andrew Napolitano, C-Span (2010-06-02)
- ^ "Fox takes heat from left and right over analysts". CNN. December 1, 2010. http://politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/2010/12/01/fox-takes-heat-from-left-and-right-over-analyst/. Retrieved 2010-12-08.
- ^ "Sussex County maple syrup available". The Advertiser-News. Straus Newspapers. March 27, 2008. http://www.strausnews.com/articles/2008/03/31/advertiser_news/news/37.txt. "“We collected 800 gallons of sap from our sugar maples and had it boiled down to 24 gallons of delicious, pure maple syrup that area residents can sample from the local shops that have agreed to carry our glass-jarred, locally made syrup,” said FoxNews commentator Judge Andrew P. Napolitano, proprietor of Vine Hill Farm."
External links[link]
- Freedom Watch With the Judge
- Judge Andrew P. Napolitano website
- Brian and The Judge
- Judge Andew P. Napolitano's bio at foxnews.com
- Andrew Napolitano at the Internet Movie Database
- Draft Judge Andrew P. Napolitano website
- The Judge's Farm – Vine Hill
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Napolitano, Andrew |
| Alternative names | |
| Short description | American judge |
| Date of birth | June 6, 1950 |
| Place of birth | Newark, New Jersey, United States |
| Date of death | |
| Place of death | |
http://wn.com/Andrew_Napolitano
Related pages:
http://es.wn.com/Andrew Napolitano
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Napolitano
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
For the American and Canadian football running back, see Troy Davis (gridiron football).
| Troy Anthony Davis | |
|---|---|
| File:Troy davis.jpg | |
| Born | (1968-10-09)October 9, 1968 |
| Died | September 21, 2011(2011-09-21) (aged 42) Butts County, Georgia, United States |
| Conviction(s) | Murder with aggravating factor |
| Penalty | Death |
| Status | Executed at Georgia Diagnostic and Classification State Prison |
Troy Anthony Davis (October 9, 1968 – September 21, 2011)[1][2] was an American man convicted of and executed for the August 19, 1989, murder of police officer Mark MacPhail in Savannah, Georgia. MacPhail was working as a security guard at a Burger King restaurant when he intervened to defend a man being assaulted in a nearby parking lot. During Davis's 1991 trial, seven witnesses testified they had seen Davis shoot MacPhail, and two others testified Davis had confessed the murder to them among 34 witnesses who testified for the prosecution, and six others for the defense, including Davis. Although the murder weapon was not recovered, ballistic evidence presented at trial linked bullets recovered at or near the scene to those at another shooting in which Davis was also charged. He was convicted of murder and various lesser charges, including the earlier shooting, and was sentenced to death in August 1991.
Davis maintained his innocence up to his execution. In the 20 years between his conviction and execution, Davis and his defenders secured support from the public, celebrities, and human rights groups. Amnesty International and other groups such as National Association for the Advancement of Colored People took up Davis's cause. Prominent politicians and leaders, including former President Jimmy Carter, Rev. Al Sharpton, Pope Benedict XVI, Archbishop Desmond Tutu, former U.S. Congressman from Georgia and presidential candidate Bob Barr, and former FBI Director and judge William S. Sessions called upon the courts to grant Davis a new trial or evidentiary hearing. In July 2007, September 2008, and October 2008, execution dates were scheduled, but each execution was stayed shortly before it was to take place.
In 2009, the Supreme Court of the United States ordered the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Georgia to consider whether new evidence "that could not have been obtained at the time of trial clearly establishes [Davis's] innocence." The evidentiary hearing was held in June 2010. The defense presented affidavits from seven of the nine trial witnesses whose original testimony had identified Davis as the murderer, but who it contended had changed or recanted their previous testimony. Some of these writings disavowed parts of prior testimony, or implicated Sylvester "Redd" Coles, whom Davis contended was the actual triggerman. The state presented witnesses, including the police investigators and original prosecutors, who described a careful investigation of the crime, without any coercion. Davis did not call some of the witnesses who had supposedly recanted, despite their presence in the courthouse; accordingly their affidavits were given little weight by the judge. Evidence that Coles had confessed to the killing was excluded as hearsay because Coles was not subpoenaed by the defense to rebut it.
In an August 2010 decision, the conviction was upheld. The court described defense efforts to upset the conviction as "largely smoke and mirrors"[3] and found that several of the proffered affidavits were not recantations at all. Subsequent appeals, including to the Supreme Court, were rejected, and a fourth execution date was set for September 21, 2011. Nearly one million people signed petitions urging the Georgia Board of Pardons and Paroles to grant clemency.[4] The Board denied clemency[5] and, on September 21, it refused to reconsider its decision.[6] After a last minute appeal to the United States Supreme Court was denied, the sentence was carried out through lethal injection on September 21, 2011.[7]
Contents |
Events of August 18-23, 1899[link]
The charges against Troy Davis arose from the shooting of Michael Cooper, the beating of Larry Young and the murder of Officer Mark MacPhail on August 18-19, 1989.
On the evening of August 18, 18999, Davis was at a strip club in the Cloverdale neighborhood of Savannah, Georgia. As he left the party with his friend Daryl Collins, the occupants of a passing car yelled obscenities. A bullet was fired at the car[8] and Michael Cooper, a passenger, was struck in the jaw.[9] Davis and Collins then went to a pool hall on Oglethorpe Avenue in the Yamacraw Village section of Savannah.[10]
Later that evening, Davis and Collins proceeded to the parking lot of a Burger King restaurant on Oglethorpe Avenue, not far from the pool hall.[10] There they encountered Sylvester "Redd" Coles arguing with a homeless man, Larry Young, over alcohol.[8][11]
At about 1:15 am on August 19, 1989, Mark Macphail, an off-duty police officer working as a security guard, attempted to intervene in the pistol-whipping of Young at the parking lot.[12] MacPhail was shot twice: once through the heart and once in the face. He did not draw his gun.[8][11][13][14] Bullets and shell casings which were determined to have come from a 6.38-caliber pistol were retrieved from the crime scene. Witnesses to the shooting agreed that a man in a white shirt had struck Young and then shot MacPhail.[8]
On August 19, Coles told Savannah Police he had seen Davis with a .38-caliber gun, and that Davis had assaulted Young.[8][15] The same evening, Davis drove to Atlanta with his sister.[8][15] In the early morning of August 20, 1989, Savannah Police searched the Davis home and seized a pair of Davis's shorts which were found in a clothes dryer.[16] Davis's family began negotiating with police, motivated by concerns about his safety; local drug dealers were making death threats because the police dragnet seeking Davis had disrupted their business.[15][17] On August 23, 1989, Davis returned to Savannah, surrendered himself to police and was charged with MacPhail's murder.[15]
Background of Mark MacPhail[link]
Mark Allen MacPhail, Sr., was 27 years old at the time of his murder. He was the son of a U.S. Army colonel, was married, and was father to a two-year-old daughter and an infant son. He had joined the Savannah Police Department in 1986 following six years of military service as an Army Ranger. MacPhail had worked for three years as a regular patrol officer and in the summer of 1989 had applied to train as a mounted policeman.[18]
Hundreds of mourners, including county, state, and federal law enforcement officers, attended MacPhail's funeral at Trinity Lutheran Church in Savannah on August 22, 1989.[19]
Background of Troy Davis[link]
Davis was the eldest child of Korean War veteran Joseph Davis and hospital worker Virginia Davis.[20][21] The couple divorced when Davis was very young,[21] and Davis grew up with four siblings in the predominantly black, middle-class neighborhood of Cloverdale in Savannah, Georgia.[21]
Davis attended Windsor Forest High School, where one teacher described him as a poor student.[21] He dropped out in his junior year so he could drive his disabled younger sister to her rehabilitation.[20] Davis obtained his high-school equivalency diploma from Richard Arnold Education Center in 1987. A teacher noted that he attended school regularly but seemed to lack discipline.[20] Davis's nickname at the time was "Rah," or "Rough as Hell," but some neighbors reported that it did not reflect his behavior; they described him as a "straight-up fellow" who acted as a big brother to local children.[21]
In July 1988, Davis pleaded guilty to carrying a concealed weapon; he was fined $250 as part of a plea agreement in which a charge of possession of a gun with altered serial numbers was dropped.[22]
In August 1988, Davis began work as a drill technician at a plant which manufactured railroad crossing gates. His boss once commented that while Davis was a likeable and good worker who appeared to have positive life goals, his job attendance was poor and by Christmas 1988, he had stopped coming to work.[20] Davis returned to the job twice in the following months but neither time remained for long.[20]
Davis was a coach in the Savannah Police Athletic League and had signed up for service in the United States Marine Corps.[23]
Trial and conviction[link]
Pre-trial proceedings[link]
On November 15, 1989, a grand jury indicted Davis for murder, assaulting Larry Young with a pistol, shooting Michael Cooper, obstructing MacPhail in performance of his duty and possession of a firearm during the commission of a crime.[24] Davis pleaded not guilty in April 1990.[14]
In November 1990, the presiding judge excluded forensic evidence from the pair of shorts seized at the Davis home. The judge ruled that Davis's mother did "not freely and voluntarily grant the police the right to search her home."[16] She had testified that police officers had threatened to break down her door unless she let them into her home. The Georgia Supreme Court upheld the exclusion of the evidence in May 1991, saying that the police should have obtained a search warrant.[24]
Davis was brought to trial in August 1991.
Prosecution case[link]
The prosecution claimed that Davis had shot Cooper in Cloverdale, then met up with Redd Coles at a pool hall, pistol-whipped the homeless man Larry Young in the parking lot and then killed Mark MacPhail.[9]
The prosecution called three eyewitnesses to the shooting of Cooper:
- Cooper testified that he was intoxicated at the time he was shot, and that although Davis was one of the people Cooper had quarrelled with, he "don't know me well enough to shoot me."[10]
- Benjamin Gordon stated that the man who had shot Cooper had been wearing a white Batman T-shirt and blue shorts. On cross-examination Gordon admitted he had not seen the person who shot Cooper and stated that he did not know Davis.[10]
- Daryl Collins had made a statement to police on August 19, 1989 that he had seen Davis shoot at the car in which Cooper was travelling. However, on cross-examination at trial, Collins denied having seen Davis carrying or shooting a gun on the night in question. Collins, who was 16 at the time he made the initial statement, claimed police officers had told him he would be imprisoned if he refused to co-operate with the investigation.[10]
The prosecution called a number of eyewitnesses to MacPhail's murder:
- Antoine Williams testified that Davis, wearing a white shirt, had struck Young and then shot MacPhail.[25][26][10][27]
- Harriet Murray and Dorothy Ferrell testified that Davis, wearing a white shirt, had struck Young and shot MacPhail. They testified Davis shot MacPhail again after he fell to the ground wounded.[28][10]
- Coles testified that Davis, wearing a white shirt, had shot MacPhail. Coles admitted arguing with Young but claimed it was Davis who had hit him with a pistol.[29] On cross-examination, Coles admitted that he owned a .38-caliber pistol but testified he had given it to another man earlier on the night in question.[25]
- Air force personnel Robert Grizzard and Steven Sanders were also called by the prosecution. Sanders identified Davis as MacPhail's murderer while Grizzard stated he could not identify the gunman.[27]
- Daryl Collins had claimed in a police statement to have seen Davis approach MacPhail; however, as with the Cooper shooting claims (above), Collins retracted the statement on cross-examination.[10]
Two witnesses to whom Davis was claimed to have confessed were called at trial:
- Jeffrey Sapp was a neighbor of the Davis family. He testified that Davis confessed to him soon after the murder.[29]
- Kevin McQueen was an acquaintance of Davis who had been held at Chatham County Jail at the same time as Davis. McQueen claimed that Davis had admitted to being involved in the "exchange of gunfire" in which Cooper was shot and to have shot MacPhail because he was "paranoid...they'd seen him that night in Cloverdale."[30]
In total, thirty four witnesses testified at trial for the prosecution.[31]
The prosecution did not produce a weapon (neither the gun which Davis was said to have used nor the gun owned by Coles) as evidence.[29] A ballistics expert testified that the .38 caliber bullet that killed MacPhail could have been fired from the same gun that wounded Cooper. He also stated that he was confident that .38 casings found at Cloverdale matched bullet casings found near the scene of MacPhail's shooting.[27][32][33]
Defense case[link]
Davis denied shooting Cooper and denied shooting MacPhail. Davis testified to having seen Coles assault Young, and Davis said that he had fled the scene before any shots were fired and, therefore, did not know who had shot MacPhail.[34][35]
Six witnesses, including Davis, testified at trial for the defense.[36] Davis's mother testified that Davis had been at home on August 19, 1989, until he left for Atlanta with his sister at about 9 pm.[34]
Verdict and sentencing[link]
On August 28, 1991, the jury took under two hours to find Davis guilty of murder, aggravated assault, possession of a firearm during the commission of a felony and obstruction of a law enforcement officer.[13]
The prosecution sought the death penalty during sentencing proceedings for the murder conviction. Davis and three of his family members testified on Davis's behalf. In a final address to the jury, Davis pleaded, "Spare my life. Just give me a second chance. That's all I ask." He told jurors he was convicted for "offenses I didn't commit." MacPhail's family members and friends were not allowed to testify.[37][38] On August 30, 1991, after seven hours of deliberation, the jury recommended the death penalty and Davis was sentenced to death.[20]
Appeals and challenges to conviction and sentence[link]
First appellate proceedings[link]
Since the death penalty was imposed, both the conviction and sentence were automatically appealed to the Georgia Supreme Court.[39] Davis and his lawyers requested a new trial, citing problems with the trial site and selection of the jury.[40] The request was denied in March 1992.[41] In March 1993, the Georgia Supreme Court also upheld Davis's conviction and sentence, ruling that the judge had correctly refused to change trial site and that the racial composition of the jury did not deny his rights.[42][43] The U.S. Supreme Court declined to hear an appeal in November 1993.[44] Direct appeals having been exhausted, in March 1994 an order was signed for Davis's execution.[45]
First habeas corpus proceedings[link]
In 1994, Davis began habeas corpus proceedings, filing a petition in state court alleging that he had been wrongfully convicted and that his death sentence was a miscarriage of justice.[27] The following year, the federal funding of the Georgia Resource Center, which helped represent Davis, was cut by 70%, leading to the departures of most of the center's lawyers and investigators. According to a later affidavit by the Executive Director, the "work conducted on Mr. Davis's case was akin to triage... There were numerous witnesses that we knew should have been interviewed, but lacked the resources to do so."[46] The appeal stated that the testimony of the prosecution witnesses had been coerced by law enforcement personnel. The petition was denied in September 1997, with the court ruling that claims of improper law enforcement approaches should have been raised earlier in the appeal process, and the court could not usurp the jury's role to evaluate the evidence offered during the trial.[47] The Georgia Supreme Court affirmed the denial of state habeas corpus relief on November 13, 2000.[48]
In 2000 Davis challenged his conviction in state court. He alleged that the use of the electric chair during executions in Georgia constituted cruel and unusual punishment.[49][50] By a 4–3 margin the Georgia Supreme Court rejected the challenge, stating once again that Davis should have raised the issue earlier in the appeal process.[51]
Federal appeals[link]
In December 2001, Davis filed a habeas corpus petition in the United States District Court.[50] From 1996 onwards, seven of the nine principal prosecution eyewitnesses changed all or part of their trial testimony.[52][53] Dorothy Ferrell, for example, stated in a 2000 affidavit that she felt under pressure from police to identify Davis as the shooter because she was on parole for a shoplifting conviction.[53] In a 2002 affidavit, Darrell Collins wrote that the police had scared him into falsely testifying by threatening to charge him as an accessory to the crime, and alleged that he had not seen Davis do anything to Young.[54] Antoine Williams, Larry Young and Monty Holmes also stated in affidavits that their earlier testimony implicating Davis had been coerced by strong-arm police tactics.[27] In addition, three witnesses signed affidavits stating that Red Coles had confessed to the murder to them.[29]
The State of Georgia argued that the evidence had been procedurally defaulted since it should have been introduced earlier. Davis's petition was denied in May 2004; the judge stated in an opinion that the "submitted affidavits are insufficient to raise doubts as to the constitutionality of the result at trial, there is no danger of a miscarriage of justice in declining to consider the claim."[50] He also rejected other defense contentions about unfair jury selection, ineffective defense counsel and prosecutorial misconduct. The decision was appealed to the 11th Circuit Court, which heard oral arguments in the case in September 2005. On September 26, 2006, the court affirmed the denial of federal habeas corpus relief, and determined that Davis had not made "a substantive claim of actual innocence"[50] or shown that his trial was constitutionally unfair; the circuit court found that neither prosecutors nor defense counsel had acted improperly or incompetently at trial.[55][56] A petition for panel rehearing was denied in December 2006.[50]
Legal experts argued that a major obstacle to granting Davis a new trial was the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996, passed after the Oklahoma City bombing, which bars death row inmates from later presenting evidence they could have presented at trial.[3] Members of the legal community have criticized the restricting effect of the 1996 Act on the ability of wrongfully convicted persons to prove their innocence.[46][54]
First execution date[link]
On June 25, 2007, Davis's first certiorari petition to the U.S. Supreme Court was denied,[50][57] and his execution was then set for July 17, 2007.[46]
Davis's case gained increasing public exposure and support from organizations and prominent individuals. Nobel Peace Prize winner Archbishop Desmond Tutu urged the courts to agree to hear the evidence of police coercion and recanted testimony.[58][59] An appeal to Governor of Georgia Sonny Perdue urging him to spare Davis's life was sent on behalf of Pope Benedict XVI.[60] Similar appeals were sent by singer Harry Belafonte,[61] Sister Helen Prejean, author of Dead Man Walking,[62] and actor Mike Farrell.[63] Amnesty International published a report about Davis's case characterizing it as a miscarriage of justice and a "catastrophic flaw in the U.S. death penalty machine."[64] The human rights group initiated a letter-writing campaign and delivered 4,000 letters to the clemency board.[65] William S. Sessions, former FBI Director and federal judge, called on authorities to halt the execution process, writing that "[i]t would be intolerable to execute a man without his claims of innocence ever being considered by the courts or by the executive".[59] Politicians and others such as Jesse Jackson, Jr. and Sheila Jackson Lee, and former Texas District Attorney Sam D. Millsap, Jr., and the organization Murder Victims Families for Reconciliation requested that the courts grant Davis a new trial.[66] U.S. Congressman John Lewis spoke to the Georgia State Board of Pardons and Paroles, suggesting that Coles – one of the witnesses who had not recanted – was the real killer.[67] Representatives from the Council of Europe and European Parliament also spoke out on Davis's case, asking U.S. authorities to halt the planned execution and calling for a new trial.[68]
On July 16, 2007, the Georgia State Board of Pardons and Paroles granted a ninety-day stay of execution in order to allow the evaluation of evidence presented, including the doubts about Davis's guilt.[69][70] The stay was superseded by the August 2007 decision of the Georgia Supreme Court to grant Davis’ application for discretionary appeal from the denial of his Extraordinary Motion for a New Trial.[71] Defense lawyers requested a new trial based on statements of mistaken identity.[72] On March 17, 2008, the Georgia Supreme Court denied the appeal by a 4–3 majority. The majority wrote that the recanting witnesses "have merely stated they now do not feel able to identify the shooter", that the trial testimony could not be ignored, and that they "in fact, favor[ed] that original testimony over the new."[73][74] In dissent, the Chief Justice wrote that "if recantation testimony, either alone or supported by other evidence, shows convincingly that prior trial testimony was false, it simply defies all logic and morality to hold that it must be disregarded categorically".[74]
Second execution date[link]
In July 2008, Davis's lawyers filed a petition for a writ of certiorari in the U.S. Supreme Court, seeking review of the Georgia Supreme Court decision and arguing that the Eighth Amendment creates a substantive right of the innocent not to be executed.[75][76] However, an execution date was scheduled for September 23, 2008, before the United States Supreme Court decided whether to take up Davis's case.[77] The Georgia Supreme Court refused to grant a stay of execution and the Board of Pardons and Paroles denied clemency.[78][79]
Amnesty International condemned the decision to deny clemency,[80] and former President (and Georgia Governor) Jimmy Carter released a public letter in which he stated "Executing Troy Davis without a real examination of potentially exonerating evidence risks taking the life of an innocent man and would be a grave miscarriage of justice."[81][82] Reverend Al Sharpton also called for clemency after he met and prayed with Davis on death row.[83] A stay of execution was also supported by the NAACP; the president of the Georgia state conference said "This is a modern-day lynching if it's allowed to go forward."[79] Former Republican Congressman and Libertarian presidential candidate Bob Barr wrote that he is "a strong believer in the death penalty as an appropriate and just punishment," but that the proper level of fairness and accuracy required for the ultimate punishment has not been met in Davis's case.[84]
A last minute emergency stay, issued by the Supreme Court less than two hours before Davis was scheduled to be put to death, halted the execution.[85][86] Lawyers for Davis argued that lower courts had failed to permit a hearing to carefully examine the recanted testimony and four witnesses who implicated Coles. Lawyers for the Georgia attorney general's office argued that most of the affidavits had already been presented and reviewed, and that questions about the quality and credibility of the witnesses were raised at the initial trial.[87]
On October 14, 2008, the Supreme Court declined to hear Davis's petition,[76][88] and a new execution date was set for October 27, 2008.[89]
Third execution date[link]
On October 21, 2008, Davis's lawyers requested an emergency stay of the pending execution, and three days later the 11th Circuit Court of Appeals issued a stay of execution to consider a newly-filed federal habeas petition.[90][91] Davis's supporters continued their appeals and actions; these included rallies held worldwide,[92] a petition with 140,000 signatures presented to the state Board of Pardons and Paroles,[90] and an appeal from the European Union calling for the death sentence to be commuted.[91] In contrast, the Chatham County prosecutors asserted that Davis was guilty and deserved the death penalty.[90]
Oral arguments were heard by a three-judge panel on December 9 in Atlanta. Davis's lawyers again argued that exculpatory affidavits proving Davis innocent had not been examined in a court of law; they noted the witnesses who had implicated Coles, and that his photo was not included among those shown to witnesses in the case.[93][94] The Senior Assistant Attorney General argued that, in extraordinary cases, evidence of wrongful conviction could be heard at this stage of the appeals process, but that in this case the recantation evidence was untrustworthy, and are generally regarded with the "highest suspicion."[93] Multiple courts and boards had also previously declined appeals.[93] During the hearing, judge Joel F. Dubina commented: "As bad as it would be to execute an innocent man, it's also possible the real guilty person who shot Officer MacPhail is not being prosecuted."[93] Another judge, Stanley Marcus, noted that two of the witnesses had not changed their recollections,[94] and that no DNA evidence was available to categorically clear Davis.[93] After the hearing, Davis's sister, Martina Correia, an active campaigner for her brother stated "This is not family against family. We have no ill will against the MacPhail family. When justice is found for Troy, there will be justice for Officer MacPhail."[95]
On April 16, 2009, the panel denied Davis's application by a 2–1 majority. Judges Dubina and Marcus rejected the petition, stating that Davis's claims having been reviewed and rejected in the past, and that the recantations were not persuasive.[96][97] Judge Rosemary Barkett, in dissent, expressed her belief that as Davis might prove his innocence, it would be wrong to execute him.[96] In an interview, Mark MacPhail Jr. said of his father, "He gave his life for the community and now I'm trying to help out his name and help him in some way." Of the appeals process, he says, "The past two years we've had countless appeals and it just keeps on getting drug out." Of Davis, MacPhail said, "He decided to break the law. And our law says, you kill an officer of the law, who tries to uphold it, you must be punished."[98] The 11th Circuit issued an order extending the stay of execution for 30 days to allow Davis the opportunity to file a habeas corpus petition with the U.S. Supreme Court.[96] Davis filed a petition for habeas corpus with the U.S. Supreme Court on May 19, 2009.[99]
On August 17, 2009, the Supreme Court ordered the Savannah federal district court to "receive testimony and make findings of fact as to whether evidence that could not have been obtained at the time of trial clearly establishes [Davis'] innocence."[100][101] Justice John Paul Stevens, joined by Justices Ruth Bader Ginsburg and Stephen Breyer, wrote that "[t]he substantial risk of putting an innocent man to death clearly provides an adequate justification for holding an evidentiary hearing." Justice Antonin Scalia dissented, stating that a new hearing would be "a fool's errand" because Davis's claim of innocence was "a sure loser". He was joined by Justice Clarence Thomas.[102]
Federal hearing[link]
In response to the Supreme Court order, a two-day hearing was held in June 2010 in a federal district court in Savannah in front of Judge William Moore.[102][103] Former prosecution witness Antoine Williams stated he did not know who had shot MacPhail, and that because he was illiterate he could not read the police statements he had signed in 1989.[104] Other prosecution witnesses Jeffrey Sapp and Kevin MacQueen testified that Davis had not confessed to them as they had stated at the initial trial.[105] Darrell Collins also recanted his previous evidence that he had seen Davis shoot Cooper and MacPhail.[104] The witnesses variously described their previous testimony against Davis as being the result of feeling scared, of feeling frightened and pressured by police or to get revenge in a conflict with Davis.[104][105] Anthony Hargrove testified that Redd Coles had admitted the killing to him. The state's lawyers described Hargrove's testimony as hearsay evidence; Judge William T. Moore permitted the evidence but stated that unless Coles appeared, he might give the evidence "no weight whatsoever."[104][105] Another witness making a similar statement was heard, but a third was rejected by Judge Moore as the claims were inadmissible hearsay because Coles was not called as a witness and given the opportunity for rebuttal.[103][106] Moore criticized the decision not to call Coles, saying that he was "one of the most critical witnesses to Davis's defense". One of Davis's lawyers stated that the day before they had been unsuccessful in serving a subpoena on Coles; Moore responded that the attempt had been made too late, given that the hearing date had been set months in advance.[103]
State attorneys called current and former police officers and the two lead prosecutors, who testified that the investigation had been careful, and that no witnesses had been coerced or threatened.[103] The lead detective testified that his investigation was "very meticulous and careful… I was in no rush just to pick the first guy we got our hands on. I wanted the right guy."[105] He stated that witnesses gave "strikingly similar descriptions on how the shooter was dressed", mostly describing the shooter as wearing a white T-shirt and dark pants, which other witnesses said Davis was wearing that evening.[105] A state attorney asserted that the testimony of at least five prosecution witnesses remained unchallenged, and the evidence of Davis's guilt was overwhelming.[103] In July 2010, Davis's lawyers filed a motion asking Moore to reconsider his decision to exclude testimony from a witness to a confession by Coles,[106] but in August 2010, Moore stood by his initial decision, stating that in not calling Coles, Davis's lawyers were seeking to implicate Coles without desiring his rebuttal.[107]
Moore ruled that executing an innocent person would violate the Eighth Amendment. "However, Mr. Davis is not innocent."[101] In his decision, Moore wrote: "while Mr. Davis's new evidence casts some additional, minimal doubt on his conviction, it is largely smoke and mirrors."[101][3] Of the seven papers described as recantations by the defense, Moore found that only one was wholly credible and two were partly credible.[101][108] He did not consider Coles' alleged confessions because of the failure of Davis's lawyers to subpoena Coles, and suggested that Davis should appeal directly to the Supreme Court.[108] In November 2010, the federal appeals panel dismissed an appeal on the case, without ruling on its merits. They stated that Davis should appeal the case directly to the U.S. Supreme Court "because he had exhausted his other avenues of relief."[109] Rosemary Barkett, one of the panel judges, later released a statement saying that although she agreed with the decision, she still believed that Davis should be given a new trial.[110]
Renewed U.S. Supreme Court petition[link]
In January 2011, Davis's legal team filed a new petition with the United States Supreme Court, alleging that the 11th Circuit panel had "evinced a clear hostility" during his August 2010 appeal, and again asking for a new trial.[111] The petition was rejected without comment by the Supreme Court in March 2011, allowing a new execution date.[112][113]
In May 2011, Amnesty International and People of Faith Against the Death Penalty asked religious leaders to sign a petition to the Georgia Board of Pardons and Paroles calling for the commutation of Davis's death sentence. By September 17, 2011, over 660,000 people[114] had signed the petition for clemency including Archbishop Desmond Tutu, Pope Benedict XVI, Archbishop Wilton Gregory, William Sessions (former head of the Federal Bureau of Investigation), President Jimmy Carter and representatives for the European Parliament.[115]
In contrast, law enforcement officials such as Spencer Lawton, the former Chatham County prosecutor who put Davis on trial, remained convinced of the evidence for Davis's guilt and that Davis's supporters "would know differently if they looked at the record."[116] He stated: "We have consistently won the case as it has been presented in court. We have consistently lost the case as it has been presented in the public realm, on TV and elsewhere."[116] Members of MacPhail's family were also convinced of Davis's guilt, and thought his execution would bring a measure of peace.[117][118] His mother reported "That hole in my heart will be there until the day I die, but it [the execution] may give me some peace and quiet."[118] Mark MacPhail, Jr. stated "It's not animosity or anger or rage that has kept us going; that's not what my father would want. It's justice. The law is what he was all about. That's what we have to uphold."[119]
Execution of Troy Davis[link]
On September 7, 2011, Georgia set Davis's execution date for September 21, 2011.[120] The Georgia Board of Pardons and Paroles set a hearing for Davis's second bid for clemency for September 19. The Board did not grant him clemency in September 2008, but the five-member Board had three new members.[121][122] On September 20, the Board denied him clemency.[123]
On the morning of September 21, 2011, the Butts County Superior Court denied Davis's request to halt his execution. The Georgia Supreme Court also denied his appeal. Davis was set to be executed at 7 pm EDT.[124] The same night, White House Press Secretary Jay Carney announced that President Obama would not intervene in the case (while Obama could not have pardoned Davis, he had the authority to order a federal investigation that might have led to a delay in the execution).[125] Davis filed a request with the U.S. Supreme Court to stay his execution. Almost an hour after Davis's scheduled execution time, the Supreme Court announced they would review his petition, thereby postponing his scheduled execution.[126] The Supreme Court, however, denied Davis's petition, after deliberating for several hours.[127]
The execution began at 10:53 pm EDT.[128] In his final words, Davis maintained his innocence, saying:[129]
Well, first of all I'd like to address the MacPhail family. I'd like to let you all know, despite the situation -- I know all of you are still convinced that I'm the person that killed your father, your son and your brother, but I am innocent. The incident that happened that night was not my fault. I did not have a gun that night. I did not shoot your family member. But I am so sorry for your loss. I really am -- sincerely. All I can ask is that each of you look deeper into this case, so that you really will finally see the truth. I ask my family and friends that you all continue to pray, that you all continue to forgive. Continue to fight this fight. For those about to take my life, may God have mercy on all of your souls. God bless you all.[130]
He was declared dead at 11:08 pm EDT.[7]
His funeral was attended by over 1,000 people in Savannah, Georgia, on October 1, 2011.[131]
References[link]
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- ^ "Davis executed". Yahoo. http://news.yahoo.com/ga-executes-davis-supporters-claim-injustice-031409578.html.
- ^ a b c Lundin, Leigh (2011-10-02). "The Crime of Capital Punishment". Death Penalty. Orlando: SleuthSayers. http://sleuthsayers.blogspot.com/2011/10/crime-of-capital-punishment.html.
- ^ "Not In Our Name: Georgia Must Not Execute Troy Davis". Amnesty USA. September 22, 2011. http://blog.amnestyusa.org/deathpenalty/not-in-our-name-georgia-must-not-execute-troy-davis/. Retrieved September 22, 2011.
- ^ "Georgia Board Denies Clemency for Troy Davis". Fox News. September 20, 2011. http://www.foxnews.com/us/2011/09/20/georgia-board-denies-clemency-for-troy-davis/. Retrieved September 20, 2011.
- ^ "georgia state board of pardons and paroles". Pap.state.ga.us. http://www.pap.state.ga.us/opencms/opencms/. Retrieved September 22, 2011.
- ^ a b "Troy Davis Executed After Stay Denied". ABC News. September 22, 2011. http://abcnews.go.com/US/troy-davis-executed-stay-denied-supreme-court/story?id=14571862. Retrieved September 22, 2011.
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- ^ a b Skutch, Jan (August 23, 1991). "Testimony To Begin In '89 Murder Case". Savannah Morning News. http://multimedia.savannahnow.com/media/DavisMcPhail/1991/08231991openingstatement1.pdf.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Skutch, Jan (August 27, 1991). "Jail-mate: Davis admitted shooting officer Part B". Savannah Evening Press. http://multimedia.savannahnow.com/media/DavisMcPhail/1991/08271991DAVISADMITSSHOOTING2.pdf.
- ^ a b Skutch, Jan (June 20, 2010). "Troy Davis heads back to Savannah". Savannah Morning News. http://savannahnow.com/troy-davis/2010-06-20/troy-davis-heads-back-savannah. Retrieved August 10, 2010.
- ^ Skutch, Jan (August 5, 2010). "State missed boat, Troy Davis team argues". Savannah Morning News. http://savannahnow.com/news/2010-08-05/state-missed-boat-troy-davis-team-argues. Retrieved August 9, 2010.
- ^ a b Skutch, Jan (August 29, 1991). "Davis convicted". Savannah Morning News. http://multimedia.savannahnow.com/media/DavisMcPhail/1991/08291991DAVISCONVICTED1.pdf.
- ^ a b Skutch, Jan (May 1, 1990). "Davis pleads not guilty in slaying". Savannah Morning News. http://multimedia.savannahnow.com/media/DavisMcPhail/1990/05011990PLEASNOTGUILTY.pdf.
- ^ a b c d Smith, Derek (August 24, 1989). "Suspect jailed in police slaying". Savannah Evening Press. http://multimedia.savannahnow.com/media/DavisMcPhail/1989/198908AUG24SURRENDER(EP).pdf.
- ^ a b Skutch, Jan (November 10, 1990). "Judge Bans Evidence, Cites Excessive Force". Savannah Morning News. http://multimedia.savannahnow.com/media/DavisMcPhail/1990/11101990JUDGEBANSEVIDENCE2.pdf.
- ^ Rose, Tom (August 25, 1989). "Police Now Required To Protect Troy Davis". Savannah Morning News. http://multimedia.savannahnow.com/media/DavisMcPhail/1989/198908AUG25PENALTYPROTECT.pdf.
- ^ McDaniel, Sandi (September 15, 1991). "Mark's Story". Savannah Morning News. http://multimedia.savannahnow.com/media/DavisMcPhail/1991/09151991MarkMacPhailsStory2.pdf.
- ^ Smith, Derek (August 23, 1989). "Hundreds mourn officer". Savannah Evening Press News. http://multimedia.savannahnow.com/media/DavisMcPhail/1989/198908AUG23FUNERAL%28EP%29.pdf.
- ^ a b c d e f Fishman, Jane (August 31, 1991). "Davises recall the kindness of defendant". Savannah Morning News: p. 1A. http://multimedia.savannahnow.com/media/DavisMcPhail/1991/08311991Davissidebar1.pdf.
- ^ a b c d e Smith, Derek (August 24, 1989). "Neighbors say suspect not the man they knew". Savannah Morning News. http://multimedia.savannahnow.com/media/DavisMcPhail/1989/198908AUG24NEIGHBORSREACT.pdf.
- ^ Smith, Derek (21 August1989). "Officers link suspect to another shooting". Savannah Evening Press: p. 1. http://multimedia.savannahnow.com/media/DavisMcPhail/1989/198908AUG21SUSPECT%28EP%29.pdf. Retrieved sep210889.
- ^ Lowe, Brendan (July 13, 2007). "Will Georgia Kill an Innocent Man?". Time magazine. http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,1643384,00.html?cnn=yes. Retrieved July 17, 2007.
- ^ a b Skutch, Jan (May 14, 1991). "Davis evidence can't be used, high court affirms". Savannah Evening Post. http://multimedia.savannahnow.com/media/DavisMcPhail/1991/05141991HIGHCOURTAFFIRMSBAN.pdf.
- ^ a b Skutch, Jan (August 14, 1991). "Eyewitness: Davis Shot Cop, Smiled". Savannah Morning News. http://multimedia.savannahnow.com/media/DavisMcPhail/1991/08241991DAVISSMILED.pdf.
- ^ Skutch, Jan (August 26, 1991). "Judge Resumes Davis Murder Trial After Weekend Recess". Savannah Evening Press. http://multimedia.savannahnow.com/media/DavisMcPhail/1991/08261991RESUMESTRIAL.pdf.
- ^ a b c d e "'Where is the justice for me?': The case of Troy Davis, facing execution in Georgia". Amnesty International. February 1, 2007. https://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/AMR51/023/2007/en/909e39f7-d3b6-11dd-a329-2f46302a8cc6/amr510232007en.html. Retrieved August 14, 2010.
- ^ Skutch, Jan (August 24, 1991). "Eyewitness: Davis Shot Cop, Smiled". Savannah Morning News. http://multimedia.savannahnow.com/media/DavisMcPhail/1991/08241991DAVISSMILED.pdf. Retrieved September 21, 2011.
- ^ a b c d Basu, Moni; Jacobs, Sonji (November 12, 2007). "The Troy Davis Saga: High court faces classic murder mystery". Atlanta Journal-Constitution.
- ^ Skutch, Jan (August 27, 1991). "Jail-mate: Davis admitted shooting officer Part A". Savannah Evening Press. http://multimedia.savannahnow.com/media/DavisMcPhail/1991/08271991DAVISADMITSSHOOTING1.pdf.
- ^ In re Troy Anthony Davis (United States District Court for the Southern District of Georgia August 24, 2010). Text
- ^ "Troy Davis's attorneys file last-ditch court appeal|". CNN. September 21, 2011. http://www.cnn.com/2011/09/21/justice/georgia-execution/index.html. Retrieved September 21, 2011.
- ^ "New Execution Date Set For Troy Anthony Davis Who Was Convicted Of 1989 Murder Of Savannah Police Officer Mark McPhail". Attorney General of Georgia. October 15, 2008. http://law.ga.gov/00/press/detail/0,2668,87670814_103214659_125286435,00.html. Retrieved September 21, 2011.
- ^ a b Skutch, Jan (August 28, 1991). "Davis: I fled before shots fired". Savannah Morning News. http://multimedia.savannahnow.com/media/DavisMcPhail/1991/08281991IFLED1.pdf.
- ^ McDaniel, Sandi (September 15, 1991). "Mark's story". Savannah Morning News. http://multimedia.savannahnow.com/media/DavisMcPhail/1991/09151991MarkMacPhailsStory2.pdf.
- ^ In re Troy Anthony Davis (United States District Court for the Southern District of Georgia August 24, 2010). Text
- ^ Skutch, Jan (August 30, 1991). "Davis to jury: "Spare my life" part a". Savannah Morning News. http://multimedia.savannahnow.com/media/DavisMcPhail/1991/08301991SPAREMYLIFE1.pdf.
- ^ Skutch, Jan (August 30, 1991). "Davis to jury: "Spare my life" part b". Savannah Morning News. http://multimedia.savannahnow.com/media/DavisMcPhail/1991/08301991SPAREMYLIFE2.pdf.
- ^ Skutch, Jan (October 2, 1991). "Davis Requests New Trial In Police Officer's Slaying". Savannah Morning News. http://multimedia.savannahnow.com/media/DavisMcPhail/1991/08231991openingstatement1.pdf.
- ^ Skutch, Jan (February 19, 1992). "Convicted Murderer Wants New Trial". Savannah Morning News. http://multimedia.savannahnow.com/media/DavisMcPhail/1992/02191992NEWTRIALREQUEST1.pdf.
- ^ Skutch, Jan (March 21, 1992). "Davis Conviction Upheld". Savannah Morning News. http://multimedia.savannahnow.com/media/DavisMcPhail/1992/03211992CONVICTIONUPHELD.pdf.
- ^ Skutch, Jan (March 21, 1992). "Georgia High Court Upholds Sentence". Savannah Morning News. http://multimedia.savannahnow.com/media/DavisMcPhail/1993/03021993SENTENCEUPHELD.pdf.
- ^ Davis v. State, 426 S.E.2d 844 (Georgia Supreme Court 1993).
- ^ "Death Row Inmate Won't Get Appeal". Savannah Morning News. November 2, 1993. http://multimedia.savannahnow.com/media/DavisMcPhail/1993/11021993NoAppeal.pdf.
- ^ Lackley, Mark (March 4, 1994). "Convicted Killer's Execution Order Signed". Savannah Morning News. http://multimedia.savannahnow.com/media/DavisMcPhail/1994/03041994EXECUTIONORDERSIGNED.pdf.
- ^ a b c Lowe, Brendan (July 13, 2007). "Will Georgia Kill an Innocent Man?". Time magazine. http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,1643384,00.html?cnn=yes. Retrieved September 9, 2011.
- ^ Davis v. Turpin, Civ. Action No. 94-V-162 (1997).
- ^ Davis v. Turpin, 539 S.E.2d 129 (Georgia Supreme Court 2000).
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- ^ a b c d e f "New Execution Date Set For Troy Anthony Davis". Department of Law, State of Georgia. September 3, 2008. http://law.ga.gov/00/press/detail/0,2668,87670814_87670929_121231342,00.html. Retrieved August 14, 2010.
- ^ Rankin, Bill (November 14, 2000). "Debate On Electric Chair Will Continue". Tuscaloosa News. http://news.google.ca/newspapers?id=VSAfAAAAIBAJ&sjid=qacEAAAAIBAJ&pg=4392,3089305.
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- ^ a b Bynum, Russ (June 29, 2009). "'91 death verdict splits Ga. jurors". The Guardian (UK). http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/8581728. Retrieved August 15, 2010.
- ^ a b Whoriskey, Peter (July 16, 2007). "Execution Of Ga. Man Near Despite Recantations". Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/07/15/AR2007071501250.html. Retrieved August 15, 2010.
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- ^ Eckenrode, Vicky (September 28, 2006). "Federal court rejects Savannah convict's bid". Savannah Morning News. http://multimedia.savannahnow.com/media/DavisMcPhail/2000-06/09282006FedCourtrejects.pdf.
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- ^ Lewis, John (July 16, 2007). "Rep. Lewis' statement at Davis hearing". Atlanta Journal Constitution. Archived from the original on September 30, 2007. http://web.archive.org/web/20070930041759/http://www.ajc.com/metro/content/metro/stories/2007/07/16/lewis_0716_web.html. Retrieved July 18, 2007.
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- ^ Skutch, Jan (August 7, 2007). "Parole board bows out of Davis clemency bid". Savannah Morning News. http://multimedia.savannahnow.com/media/DavisMcPhail/2007/08072007PAROLEBOARDBOWSOUT1.pdf. Retrieved August 24, 2007.
- ^ Bluestein, Greg. "Death Row Inmate Looks For New Trial". Star-News. http://news.google.ca/newspapers?id=eGgWAAAAIBAJ&sjid=_B8EAAAAIBAJ&pg=6827,4508030&dq=troy+davis+georgia+supreme+court&hl=en. Retrieved August 16, 2010.
- ^ Davis v. State, 660 S.E.2d 354 (Georgia Supreme Court 2008).[dead link]
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- ^ a b Brown, Robbie (October 15, 2008). "U.S. Supreme Court rejects execution appeal". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/10/15/world/americas/15iht-15execute.16959347.html. Retrieved August 17, 2010.
- ^ Skutch, Jan (September 3, 2008). "Execution set for Davis in killing of policeman". Savannah Morning News. http://savannahnow.com/intown/2008-09-03/execution-set-davis-killing-policeman. Retrieved August 18, 2010.
- ^ "Troy Davis's clemency bid fails". Savannah Morning News. September 13, 2008. http://savannahnow.com/node/572449. Retrieved December 10, 2008.
- ^ a b Rankin, Bill, Garner, Marcus (September 22 222008). "State supreme court denies Davis's stay". Atlanta Journal-Constitution. http://www.ajc.com/traffic/content/metro/stories/2008/09/22/davis_execution.html. Retrieved August 18, 2010.
- ^ "Amnesty International Condemns Parole Board Decision". Amnesty International. September 12, 2008. http://www.amnestyusa.org/document.php?id=ENGUSA20080912002&lang=e. Retrieved December 9, 2008.
- ^ "Former U.S. President Jimmy Carter Calls for Clemency for Troy Davis" (Press release). Carter Center. September 19, 2008. http://www.cartercenter.org/news/pr/clemency_troy_davis.html. Retrieved December 8, 2008.
- ^ "Death row inmate's life awaits ruling". Sydney Morning Herald. October 7, 2008. http://news.smh.com.au/world/death-row-inmates-life-awaits-ruling-20081007-4v7h.html. Retrieved August 18, 2010.
- ^ Scott, Jeffry; Scott Garner (September 21, 2008). "Sharpton seeks clemency for Troy Anthony Davis". Atlanta Journal Constitution.
- ^ "Barr, Carter both seek clemency for Troy Davis". WTVM. September 19, 2008. http://www.wtvm.com/Global/story.asp?S=9040619. Retrieved September 19, 2008.
- ^ "Stay of Execution for Troy Davis". Amnesty International. September 24, 2008. http://www.amnesty.org/en/news-and-updates/news/stay-execution-troy-davis-20080924. Retrieved December 9, 2008.
- ^ "US Supreme Court Awards Convicted Murderer Troy Davis Late Stay Of Execution In Jackson, Georgia". Sky News. September 24, 2008. http://news.sky.com/skynews/Home/World-News/US-Supreme-Court-Awards-Convicted-Murderer-Troy-Davis-Late-Stay-Of-Execution-In-Jackson-Georgia/Article/200809415105884?lpos=World_News_News_Your_Way_Region_5&lid=ARTICLE_15105884_US_Supreme_Court_Awards_Convicted_Murderer_Troy_Davis_Late_Stay_Of_Execution_In_Jackson%2C_Georgia. Retrieved August 17, 2010.
- ^ Richey, Warren (October 15, 2008). "Court declines to hear death-row appeal". Christian Science Monitor. http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Justice/2008/1015/p03s02-usju.html. Retrieved August 18, 2010.
- ^ "Docket for 08-66". US Supreme Court. October 14, 2008. http://www.supremecourt.gov/Search.aspx?FileName=/docketfiles/08-66.htm. Retrieved December 10, 2008.
- ^ "Supreme Court grants Davis another hearing". WTOC. August 27, 2009. http://www.wtoc.com/Global/story.asp?S=10941323. Retrieved August 18, 2010.
- ^ a b c Rankin, Bill, Cook, Rhonda (October 24, 2008). "Court issues stay of execution for Troy Davis". Atlanta Journal-Constitution. http://www.ajc.com/services/content/metro/stories/2008/10/24/troy_davis_stay.html. Retrieved December 9, 2008.
- ^ a b Rankin, Bill (October 23, 2008). "Lawyers launch new appeals effort". http://www.ajc.com/metro/content/printedition/2008/10/23/davis.html?cxntlid=inform_artr. Retrieved December 8, 2008.
- ^ Boone, Christian (October 23, 2008). "Rallies protest impending execution of Troy Davis". Atlanta Journal-Constitution. http://www.ajc.com/metro/content/metro/atlanta/stories/2008/10/23/troy_davis_rallies.html. Retrieved August 23, 2010.
- ^ a b c d e "Judges differ as Davis seeks new trial". Atlanta Journal Constitution. December 10, 2008. http://www.ajc.com/services/content/printedition/2008/12/10/davis.html. Retrieved December 10, 2008.
- ^ a b Armstrong, Jake (December 10, 2008). "Credibility at stake in Davis bid". Savannah Morning News. http://multimedia.savannahnow.com/media/DavisMcPhail/2008/12102008CREDIBILITYATSTAKE1.pdf.
- ^ Springston, Jonathan (December 9, 2008). "Troy Davis Makes Case for New Round of Appeals". Atlanta Progressive News. http://www.atlantaprogressivenews.com/news/0411.html. Retrieved December 11, 2008.
- ^ a b c Skutch, Jan (April 17, 1009). "Appellate court rejects Davis". Savannah Morning News. http://multimedia.savannahnow.com/media/DavisMcPhail/2009/04172009APPELLATECOURTREJECTS.pdf.
- ^ "In re Troy Davis, Application for Leave to File a Second or Successive Habeas Corpus Petition". 11th Circuit. April 16, 2009. http://www.ca11.uscourts.gov/opinions/ops/200816009ord.pdf.
- ^ Manhatton, Mike (April 17, 2009). "MacPhail's son speaks on Davis appeal denial". WTOC. http://www.wtoc.com/Global/story.asp?S=10204510. Retrieved September 8, 2010.
- ^ "Supreme Court Postpones Davis Decision | WSAV TV". Wsav.com. http://www.wsav.com/sav/news/local/article/supreme_court_postpones_davis_decision/21436/. Retrieved September 22, 2011.
- ^ "557 U.S. ____, "In Re Troy Anthony Davis on petition for Habeas Corpus No. 08–1443"" (PDF). http://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/08pdf/08-1443Stevens.pdf. Retrieved September 22, 2011.
- ^ a b c d Richey, Warren (August 24, 2010). "Death row inmate Troy Davis: Judge upholds conviction". Christian Science Monitor. http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Justice/2010/0824/Death-row-inmate-Troy-Davis-Judge-upholds-conviction. Retrieved August 30, 2010.
- ^ a b Rankin, Bill (June 24, 2010). "Court to hear Troy Davis's innocence claims in cop's 1989 killing". Atlanta Journal-Constitution. http://www.ajc.com/news/atlanta/court-to-hear-troy-553951.html. Retrieved June 24, 2010.
- ^ a b c d e Rankin, Bill (June 24, 2010). "Judge must decide whether Troy Davis proved innocence in cop killing". Atlanta Journal-Constitution. http://www.ajc.com/news/atlanta/judge-must-decide-whether-556708.html. Retrieved June 24, 2010.
- ^ a b c d Skutch, Jan, Walck, Pamela E. (June 24, 2010). "Troy Davis hearing could end today". Savannah Morning News. http://savannahnow.com/troy-davis/2010-06-24/troy-davis-hearing-could-end-today. Retrieved September 5, 2010.
- ^ a b c d e Rankin, Bill (June 23, 2010). "Witnesses back off testimony against Troy Davis". http://www.ajc.com/news/atlanta/judge-must-decide-whether-556708.html. Retrieved September 5, 2010.
- ^ a b "Troy Davis lawyers ask judge to weigh rejected evidence". Savannah Morning News. July 22, 2010. http://savannahnow.com/latest-news/2010-07-22/troy-davis-lawyers-ask-judge-weigh-rejected-evidence. Retrieved September 8, 2010.
- ^ Rankin, Bill (August 12, 2010). "Judge stands by decision to exclude testimony in Troy Davis case". Atlanta Journal Constitution. http://www.ajc.com/news/atlanta/judge-stands-by-decision-590844.html. Retrieved September 8, 2010.
- ^ a b Rankin, Bill (August 24, 2010). "Judge rejects Troy Davis's innocence claim". Atlanta Journal-Constitution. http://www.ajc.com/news/atlanta/judge-rejects-troy-davis-598327.html. Retrieved September 8, 2010.
- ^ "Appeal dismissed for death row inmate Troy Davis". Atlanta Journal-Constitution. November 6, 2010. http://www.ajc.com/news/appeal-dismissed-for-death-726254.html. Retrieved November 6, 2010.
- ^ "US court denies latest appeal by death row inmate". AFP. November 5, 2010. http://ca.news.yahoo.com/s/afp/101106/world/us_justice_execution_davis. Retrieved November 6, 2010.
- ^ "Troy Davis files new appeal with U.S. Supreme Court". Associated Press. January 21, 2011. http://www.ajc.com/news/troy-davis-files-new-814916.html. Retrieved February 7, 2011.
- ^ Liptak, Adam (March 28, 2011). "Troy Davis's Case Won't Be Reviewed by Supreme Court". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/29/us/29teacher.html. Retrieved April 23, 2011.
- ^ Richey, Warren (March 28, 2011). "Supreme Court declines case of death-row inmate who became cause célèbre". Christian Science Monitor. http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Justice/2011/0328/Supreme-Court-declines-case-of-death-row-inmate-who-became-cause-celebre. Retrieved April 23, 2011.
- ^ "More than 600,000 sign petition against planned execution of Troy Davis". Channel 6 News. September 17, 2011. http://channel6newsonline.com/2011/09/more-than-600000-sign-petition-against-planned-execution-of-troy-davis/. Retrieved September 19, 2011.
- ^ "Reps. John Lewis and Hank Johnson Urge Clemency For Inmate Troy Anthony Davis". Redding News Review. September 12, 2011. http://www.reddingnewsreview.com/newspages/2011newspages/lewis_johnson_11_100000082.html. Retrieved September 14, 2011.
- ^ a b "Prosecutor says he has no doubt about Troy Davis's guilt". CNN. September 21, 2011. http://news.blogs.cnn.com/2011/09/20/prosecutor-says-he-has-no-doubt-about-troy-davis-guilt/?hpt=hp_t1.
- ^ Russ Bynum and Greg Bluestein (September 17, 2011). "Georgia death case grieves families on both sides". The Boston Globe (Boston). ISSN 0743-1791. http://www.boston.com/news/nation/articles/2011/09/17/georgia_death_case_grieves_families_on_both_sides. Retrieved September 23, 2011.
- ^ a b Carver, Darryl (September 15, 2011). "Victim's Mother Talks About Troy Davis Execution". Fox Atlanta. http://www.myfoxatlanta.com/dpp/news/local_news/Victim%27s-Mother-Talks-About-Troy-Davis-Execution-20110915-pm-pk. Retrieved September 23, 2011.
- ^ Van Brimmer, Adam (September 19, 2011). "Van Brimmer: MacPhail family readies for next act in painful tragedy | savannahnow.com". Savannah Morning News. http://savannahnow.com/column/2011-09-19/van-brimmer-macphail-family-readies-next-act-painful-tragedy#.TnyXL9S-WpA. Retrieved September 23, 2011.
- ^ "Georgia sets Sept. 21 execution for Troy Davis". CBS News. AP. September 7, 2011. http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2011/09/07/ap/business/main20102685.shtml. Retrieved September 7, 2011.
- ^ Rankin, Bill (September 7, 2011). "Troy Anthony Davis's execution set for Sept. 21". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution (Atlanta News). http://www.ajc.com/news/troy-anthony-davis-execution-1160699.html. Retrieved September 14, 2011.
- ^ Rankin, Bill (September 7, 2011). "Parole board to again hear Troy Anthony Davis case". The Atlanta Journal-Constitution (Atlanta News). http://www.ajc.com/news/parole-board-to-again-1162012.html. Retrieved September 14, 2011.
- ^ "Board denies clemency for Troy Davis". WSBTV.com. September 20, 2011. http://www.wsbtv.com/news/29240817/detail.html. Retrieved September 20, 2011.
- ^ Bluestein, Greg (September 21, 2011). "Ga high court rejects plea to stop Davis execution". AP via Forbes. http://www.forbes.com/feeds/ap/2011/09/21/general-us-georgia-execution_8693344.html. Retrieved September 21, 2011.
- ^ "Obama won’t act in Troy Davis execution case". Agence France-Presse. The Raw Story. September 21, 2011. http://www.rawstory.com/rs/2011/09/21/obama-wont-act-in-troy-davis-execution-case. Retrieved October 18, 2011.
- ^ Severson, Kim (September 21, 2011). "Last-Ditch Appeals Stalls Georgia Execution". The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2011/09/22/us/final-pleas-and-vigils-in-troy-davis-execution.html?hp. Retrieved September 21, 2011.
- ^ Curry, Colleen (September 21, 2011). "Troy Davis Execution Stay Denied". ABC News. http://abcnews.go.com/US/troy-davis-execution-stay-denied-supreme-court/story?id=14571862. Retrieved September 22, 2011.
- ^ "Georgia executes Troy Davis after his last pleas fail". NBC News. September 2, 2011. http://today.msnbc.msn.com/id/44592285/ns/today-today_news/t/georgia-executes-troy-davis-after-his-last-pleas-fail/#.TntReNQYG5w. Retrieved September 22, 2011.
- ^ Associated Press. "Troy Davis maintains innocence in final words". Associated Press News Feed on Yahoo!. Yahoo!. http://news.yahoo.com/troy-davis-maintains-innocence-final-words-035511137.html. Retrieved September 22, 2011.
- ^ Huffington Post (October 7, 2011). Troy Davis' Last Words Released by Georgia Department of Corrections (AUDIO). http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/10/07/troy-davis-execution-last-words_n_1000648.html. Retrieved October 18, 2011.
- ^ "Large funeral for executed Georgia inmate Troy Davis". USA Today. AP. October 1, 2011. http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/story/2011-10-01/Troy-Davis-funeral/50626638/1. Retrieved October 1, 2011.
External links[link]
.svg){kind=small}
- Troy Davis collected news and commentary at The Guardian
- Amnesty international.USA: 'Where is the justice for me?' : The case of Troy Davis, facing execution in Georgia
- U.S. Supreme Court
- Troy Anthony Davis v. Georgia, No. 08-66 (petition for writ of certiorari), docket
- In re Troy Anthony Davis, No. 08-1443 (petition for writ of habeas corpus), docket
- In re Troy Anthony Davis, No. 08-1443, Order of the Court and concurring opinion by Justice Stevens, August 17, 2009
- In re Troy Anthony Davis, No. 08-1443, Dissenting opinion by Justice Scalia, August 17, 2009
- U.S. District Court
- In re Troy Anthony Davis, No. CV409-130, (S.D. Ga. Aug. 24, 2010), Final Order Denying Petition for Writ of Habeas Corpus as to Troy Anthony Davis. pages 1–62; pages 63–174.
| Persondata | |
|---|---|
| Name | Davis, Troy |
| Alternative names | Davis, Troy Anthony |
| Short description | |
| Date of birth | October 9, 1968 |
| Place of birth | |
| Date of death | September 21, 2011 |
| Place of death | Butts County, Georgia, U.S. |
http://wn.com/Troy_Davis
Related pages:
http://ru.wn.com/Дело Троя Дэвиса
http://es.wn.com/Troy Davis
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troy_Davis
This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.
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Mardy Fish Hit Line Judge In Eye Wimbledon 2012
Dean Coombes
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A lineswoman had to leave the court after being accidentally hit in the eye by a power-packed serve from America's Mardy Fish at Wimbledon on Monday. The incident happened in the first set of the 10th seed's fourth round match against France's Jo-Wilfried Tsonga on Court Two
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Exclusive: Why Judge Andrew Napolitano Was Fired!
TheAlexJonesChannel
Exclusive: Why Judge Andrew Napolitano Was Fired!
Alex Jones reporting from Infowars.com headquarters. After holding my tongue for a week, it is time to expose why Napolitano was unceremoniously fired from Fox News. www.infowars.com twitter.com
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New York judge rules an IP address is not a person
RTAmerica
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A judge in New York has ruled that Internet searches and downloads and other activities done on your personal computer do not mean you are the person behind them. This ruling could cause a problem when it comes to CISPA. In this case, an individual allegedly downloaded an adult film illegally and the judge's ruling has made many Internet freedom advocates happy. Mitch Stoltz, a staff attorney for the Electronic Frontier Foundation, joins us with more. Like us and/or follow us: twitter.com www.facebook.com
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TheYoungTurks
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Footage of Judge Rotenberg Center torturing a person with a disability aired in court (Graphic)
autistichoya
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Photosensitive epilepsy warning. Also, graphic and disturbing footage. Sign the petition from a former staff member: www.change.org Take a look at my blog, where I write about disability and autism issues: autistichoya.blogspot.com Latest news article hosted2.ap.org For an article from a liberal and progressive news site on the Judge Rotenberg Center (for everyone upset because it's Fox), see www.motherjones.com Original news article at www.myfoxboston.com -- This is NOT electrostatic or electroconvulsive therapy used for some mental disabilities such as depression or bipolar disorder. This is electric SHOCK used as a punishment. Andre was asked to take off his jacket. When he refused, staff electric shocked him and he tried to hide under a table. They dragged him out and tied him facedown to a restraint board where he was kept for seven hours without a break, and shocked a total of thirty-one times. In court, it was admitted that all but one of those electric shocks were for tensing up or screaming. If you are horrified, disgusted, and sickened by what you just watched, please contact the members of the Massachusetts Joint Committee on Children, Families, and Persons with Disabilities. There are four bills currently assigned to that committee that target the JRC. Read more about the bills (and see links to their full text) here: www.autismeducationproject.org The Senate Chair is Michael Rodrigues. Phone: 617-722-1114 Email: Michael.Rodrigues@masenate.gov The House Chair <b>...</b>
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