Name | Ram Khamhaeng the Great |
---|---|
Title | King of Sukhothai |
Imgw | 200 |
Succession | King of Siam |
Reign | 1279 – 1298 |
Predecessor | Ban Muang |
Successor | Lerthai |
House | Phra Ruang Dynasty |
Father | Pho Khun Sri Indraditya |
Mother | Queen Sueang |
Birth date | around 1237-1247 |
Death date | 1298 |
Death place | }} |
Pho Khun Ram Khamhaeng (; birth: around 1237-1247; death: 1298) was the third king of the Phra Ruang dynasty, ruling the Sukhothai Kingdom (a forerunner of the modern kingdom of Thailand) from 1279-1298, during its most prosperous era. He is credited with the creation of the Thai alphabet and the firm establishment of Theravada Buddhism as the state religion of the kingdom. Recent scholarship has cast doubt on his role, however, noting that much of the information relating to his rule may have been fabricated in the 19th century in order to legitimize the Siamese state in the face of colonial threats.
The Royal Institute of Thailand speculates that Prince Ram Khamhaeng's birth name was "Ram" (derived from the name of the Hindu epic Ramayana's hero Rama), for the name of him following his coronation was "Pho Khun Ramarat" (). Furthermore, at that time there existed a tradition to give the name of grandfather to grandson; according to the 11th Stone Inscription and Luang Prasoet Aksoranit's Ayutthaya Chronicles, Ram Khamhaeng had a grandson named "Phraya Ram", and two grandsons of Phraya Ram were named "Phraya Ban Mueang" and "Phraya Ram".
According to Thai history, Ramkhamhaeng is traditionally credited with developing the Thai alphabet (''Lai Sue Thai'') from Sanskrit, Pali and Grantha script. His rule is often cited by apologists for the Thai monarchy as evidence of a "benevolent monarchy" still existing today. As such, the topic is a sensitive one under Thai lèse majesté laws.
Ramkhamhaeng University, the first open university in Thailand with campuses throughout the country and in some certain countries, has been named after King Ramkhamhaeng the Great.
This stone was allegedly discovered in 1833 by King Mongkut (then still a monk) in the Wat Mahathat. The authenticity of the stone or at least portions of it has been brought into question. Piriya Krairiksh, an academic at the Thai Khadi Research institute, notes that the stele's treatment of vowels suggests that its creators had been influenced by European alphabet systems; thus, he concludes that the stele was fabricated by someone during the reign of Rama IV himself, or shortly before. The matter is very controversial, since if the stone is in fact a fabrication, the entire history of the period will have to be re-written.
Scholars are still divided over the issue about the stele's authenticity. It remains an anomaly amongst contemporary writings, and in fact no other source refers to King Ramkhamhaeng by name. Some authors claim the inscription was completely a 19th-century fabrication, some claim that the first 17 lines are genuine, some that the inscription was fabricated by King Lithai (a later Sukhothai king), and some scholars still hold to the idea of the inscription's authenticity. The inscription and its image of a Sukhothai utopia remains central to Thai nationalism, and the suggestion that it may have been faked in the 1800s caused Michael Wright, a British scholar, to be threatened with deportation under Thailand's lèse majesté laws .
Category:1298 deaths Category:13th-century births Category:Inventors of writing systems Category:Tai history Category:Thai monarchs
cy:Ramkhamhaeng Fawr de:Ramkhamhaeng fr:Ramkhamhaeng ko:랑캄행 id:Ram Khamhaeng yang Agung it:Ramkhamhaeng lt:Ramkhamhaengas nl:Ramkhamhaeng ja:ラームカムヘーン no:Ramkhamhaeng ru:Рамакхамхаенг Великий fi:Ramkhamhaeng sv:Ramk'amheng th:พ่อขุนรามคำแหงมหาราช vi:Ramkhamhaeng yo:Ram Khamhaeng the Great zh:兰甘亨大帝This text is licensed under the Creative Commons CC-BY-SA License. This text was originally published on Wikipedia and was developed by the Wikipedia community.
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