Belstone is a village in Devon, England best known for the Nine Maidens stone circle. It lies within the West Devon local government district.

There are several explanations of the derivation of its placename, including ''Baal's Ton'' (the hill of the Phoenician sun god Baal), ''Belle's Ham'' (Belle's enclosure) and ''Belle Stan'' (Bell Rock). In the Domesday Book the village is listed as ''Bellestam''.

Early history

The Nine Maidens stone circle comprises the remains of the outer wall of a Bronze Age burial chamber. Along with other erected granite standing stones on the nearby moorland, it is the earliest evidence of human habitation near Belstone.

It is possible that Fatherford, in the north west of Belstone parish, was one stage in a Roman extension of the Fosse Way road from Exeter to Launceston.

The Domesday Book provides the first written record of Belstone, describing a small settlement of about 50 to 60 people. Domesday mentions that the village was held by the Saxon Osfer under Edward the Confessor, and passed to Baldwin de Brionne after the Norman Conquest, along with 4 cattle, 40 sheep and 10 goats. One side of Baldwin's family held Belstone until 1420, when it passed to another branch of the family. In 1600, two thirds of the manor passed to the Rolle family; in about 1750 the remaining third passed to the Rev. Joshua Hole. In 1887 Charles Woolcombe took control of the Rolle family holdings, which stayed with the family until Jack Reddaway bought them in 1990.

The first recorded priest, William de Speccot, was appointed to Belstone's church, dedicated to St. Mary the Virgin, in 1260, but there is evidence that the parish church predates this. Parts of it date from the 14th and 15th centuries, and much of it was restored in 1881.

Industry and agriculture

From at least the 13th century, villagers were granted ''Venville rights'' in exchange for paying rent to the Duchy of Cornwall, which owned the Forest of Dartmoor. These rights covered "all things that may do them good except vert (green oak) and venison". In practice this meant rights over turf, rushes, bracken, fishing, shooting, burning, sand, gravel, stone and, probably most importantly, pasture. Some of these rights still exist today, under the control of the Dartmoor Commoners Council (set up in 1965) and the Dartmoor National Park Authority.

From the Venville rights arose Belstone's major industries: farming, mining and woollen cloth. The earliest mention of a tinner in the village comes in the 15th century, while weavers are first mentioned in 1524, with a woolen factory opening in 1782. Cleave Mill was reopened after a fire in 1810; a copper mine opened in 1823; and there was a granite works in the village from 1875.

But agriculture was the most important industry and occupation. There were 50 acres (200,000 m²) under cultivation at the time of Domesday; by 1811 this had risen to 800 acres (3.2 km²), employing 97% of Belstone families. In 1841 60% of the land was used for wheat, barley and oats, 5% was woodland, 1% orchards, and the remainder was pasture and homesteads. But following an agreement over venville rents, cattle and sheep farming grew in popularity. A survey in 1921 found 1700 sheep, 425 bullocks and 100 horses in Belstone. There are still 725 acres (2.9 km²) farmed today, but hedge removal, modern machinery and changing farm practices mean that there are much fewer, much larger farms with far fewer workers. There are currently five farms with an average of 148 acres (599,000 m²) each.

Pilgrims to America

Shortly before the English Civil War, which saw Cromwell's soldiers march through the village, some of Belstone's residents left to help populate America. For example, Thomas Bliss and his family settled in Boston and Connecticut, where some of their descendants remain today.

Population

Belstone's population has changed and decreased since the 1960s. Of over 200 inhabitants in 1851, 52% were born in the parish and only 4% came from outside Devon. In 1901 this figure dropped to 38% with 17% outside the county. Now, only 15% of the inhabitants were born in the parish.

Book

A good book on Belstone is entitled; 'SOME ACCOUNT of the PARISH PAST & PRESENT', (1911) and includes photos of Belstone Tor, the Stocks, the Marsh...drawing of the Old Inn, the church, and the Rectory, the 1st Rector was William de Speccot in 1260 through to Charles Lister James in 1929

The story of 'The Ballad of the Belstone Fox' by David Rook was also based on the area, later made into a film (''The Belstone Fox'' in 1973.

References

''The Book of Belstone'' by Chris and Marion Walpole, 2002

External links

Village community website

Parish Church website

South Zeal & its Dartmoor Environment

Category:Dartmoor Category:Villages in Devon

nl:Belstone pl:Belstone

Coordinates	41°52′55″N87°37′40″N
Name	Laurie Johnson
Birth date	February 07, 1927
Birth place	Hampstead, England
Death date
Other names	Laurence Reginald Ward Johnson
Occupation	composer and bandleader
Nationality	United Kingdom }}

Laurie Johnson (born Laurence Reginald Ward Johnson, 7 February 1927, Hampstead, England) is an English film and television composer, and bandleader.

Career

Johnson studied at the Royal College of Music in London, and spent four years in the Coldstream Guards before moving to the entertainment industry in the 1950s. One of his first major projects was as composer and music director in a musical adaptation of Henry Fielding's ''Rape Upon Rape'' entitled ''Lock Up Your Daughters'' (1959), which opened in Bernard Miles' Mermaid Theatre. The score, with lyrics by Lionel Bart, won an Ivor Novello Award. Johnson's stage work included music for the Peter Cook revue, ''Pieces of Eight'' (1959), and ''The Four Musketeers'' (1967), starring Harry Secombe.

In 1961, Johnson entered the UK Singles Chart with "Sucu Sucu", the theme music from the UK television series ''Top Secret''. It was in this area of television scoring that he was to be most prolific. From the 1960s to the 1980s, he composed over fifty themes and scores, including the theme used on ''This Is Your Life'' (entitled "Gala Performance") (1952), ''The Avengers'' (from 1965), ''Animal Magic'' (entitled "Las Vegas") (1962), ''Jason King'' (1971), ''The New Avengers'' (1976) and ''The Professionals'' (1977).

Johnson's film scores included ''The Moonraker'', ''No Trees In The Street'', ''Tiger Bay'', ''I Aim at the Stars'', ''Spare The Rod'', ''Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb'', ''First Men In The Moon'', ''East Of Sudan'', ''The Beauty Jungle'', ''Hot Millions'', ''And Soon the Darkness'', ''The Belstone Fox'', ''Captain Kronos – Vampire Hunter'' and ''Diagnosis: Murder''. Among his other works was the music for the television film, ''Mister Jerico'', which involved many of the original Avengers team, including Patrick Macnee.

He was one of the founders (with Albert Fennell and Brian Clemens) of Mark One Productions, the television production company responsible for ''The New Avengers'' and ''The Professionals''.

Johnson made several recordings on the Unicorn-Kanchana label. These included his own ''Symphony: Synthesis'' for a large ensemble comprising a jazz orchestra and symphony orchestra. The recording featured several famous jazz names including Tubby Hayes, Don Lusher, Joe Harriott, Kenny Wheeler and Stan Tracey, as well as the London Philharmonic Orchestra. He also recorded music from ''The Avengers'', ''The New Avengers'' and ''The Professionals'' and a re-recording of Bernard Herrmann's suite for ''North by Northwest''.

Since 1997, Johnson has toured with the band he formed, 'The London Big Band'. Their "Theme From 'The Professionals'" peaked in the UK Singles Chart at #36 in May 1997. He has also provided DVD commentaries on several of the series in which he has been involved.

Notable stock tracks

"Blood in the Gutter"

"Fisticuffs"

"Gala Premiere"

"Happy Go Lively"

"Lonely Stranger"

"Shopping Spree"

References

External links

Personal website

Category:English film score composers Category:1927 births Category:Living people Category:Light music composers Category:English television composers Category:People from Hampstead Category:British bandleaders Category:Alumni of the Royal College of Music

de:Laurie Johnson fr:Laurie Johnson nds:Laurie Johnson

Coordinates	41°52′55″N87°37′40″N
name	Jeff Lynne
background	solo_singer
birth name	Jeffrey Lynne
alias	Otis Wilbury/Clayton Wilbury
born	December 30, 1947Shard End, Birmingham, England
instrument	Vocals, guitars, keyboards, bass, drums, piano, percussion, cello
genre	Progressive rock, pop rock, symphonic rock, art rock, pop
occupation	Musician, songwriter, producer
years active	1966–present
label	United Artists, Jet, Harvest, Epic, SonyBMG, Reprise
associated acts	Electric Light Orchestra, Traveling Wilburys, The Idle Race, The Move, George Harrison, Tom Petty, The Beatles, Olivia Newton-John, Roy Orbison, Bob Dylan
website	ftmusic.com
notable instruments	Gibson Les PaulFender TelecasterGibson Hummingbird }}

Jeffrey "Jeff" Lynne (born 30 December 1947) is an English songwriter, composer, arranger, singer, multi-instrumentalist, and record producer who gained fame as the leader and sole constant member of Electric Light Orchestra and was a co-founder and member of The Traveling Wilburys together with George Harrison, Bob Dylan, Roy Orbison, and Tom Petty. Lynne has produced recordings for artists such as The Beatles, Brian Wilson, Roy Orbison, Dave Edmunds, Del Shannon and Tom Petty. He has co-written songs with Petty and also with George Harrison, whose 1987 album ''Cloud Nine'' was co-produced by Lynne and Harrison. Among the many compositions to his credit are such well-known hits as "Livin' Thing", "Evil Woman", "Turn to Stone", "Xanadu", "Sweet Talkin' Woman","Telephone Line", "Shine a Little Love", "Mr. Blue Sky", "Hold on Tight", "All Over the World", and "Don't Bring Me Down".

In 2008, ''The Washington Times'' named Lynne the fourth greatest record producer in music history.

Musical career

Early career

In 1963, Jeff Lynne, Robert Reader and David Walsh formed a group using little more than Spanish guitars and cheap electrical instruments to produce music. They were originally named "The Rockin' Hellcats" before changing to "The Handicaps" and finally to "The Andicaps". They practised at Shard End Community Centre and performed weekly. However, in 1964, Robert Reader and David Walsh left the band and Lynne brought in replacements. At the end of 1964, Lynne decided to leave the band to replace Mick Adkins of the local band "The Chads".

In 1966, Lynne joined the line-up of ''The Nightriders'' as guitarist. The band would soon change their name to The Idle Race, a name allegedly given to them sarcastically by his grandmother Evelyn Lynne who probably disapproved of pop music as not being a proper job. Despite recording two critically acclaimed albums with the band and producing the second, success eluded him. In 1970, Lynne accepted a lifeline from friend Roy Wood to join the line-up of the more successful band The Move.

The Electric Light Orchestra: 1970–86

Lynne contributed many songs to The Move's last two albums while formulating, with Roy Wood and Bev Bevan, a band built around a fusion of rock and classical music. This project would eventually become the highly successful Electric Light Orchestra (ELO). Problems led to Wood's departure in 1972, after the band's eponymous first album, leaving Jeff Lynne as the band's dominant creative force. Thereafter followed a succession of band personnel changes and increasingly popular albums: 1973's ''ELO II'' and ''On The Third Day'', 1974's ''Eldorado'' and 1975's ''Face the Music''.

By ''A New World Record'', Lynne had almost developed the roots of the group into a more complex and unique pop-rock sound mixed with studio strings, layered vocals, and tight, catchy pop singles. Jeff Lynne's now almost complete creative dominance as producer, songwriter, arranger, lead singer and guitarist could make ELO appear to be an almost solo effort. However, the ELO sound and the focus of Lynne's writing was also shaped by Louis Clark's and Richard Tandy's co-arranging, under Jeff's direction (notably the large string sections), Bev Bevan's drumming, and Richard Tandy's integration of the Moog, harmonium, and Mellotron, with more novel keyboard technology, gave Jeff's songs a more symphonic sound.

The pinnacle of ELO's chart success and worldwide popularity was the expansive 1977 double album ''Out of the Blue'', which was largely conceived in a Swiss chalet during a two-week writing marathon. The band's 1978 world tour featured an elaborate "space ship" set and laser light show. In order to recreate the complex instrumental textures of their albums, the band used pre-recorded supplemental backing tracks in live performances. Although that practice has now become commonplace, it caused considerable derision in the press of the time. Jeff Lynne has often stated that he prefers the creative environment of the studio to the rigours and tedium of touring.

In 1979, Lynne followed up the success of ''Out of the Blue'' with ''Discovery'', which held No. 1 in the UK for 5 weeks. The album is primarily associated with its two disco-flavoured singles ("Shine a Little Love" and "Last Train to London") and with the title's word play on "disco" and "very". However, the remaining seven non-disco tracks on the album reflected Lynne's range as a pop-rock songwriter, including a heavy, mid-tempo rock anthem ("Don't Bring Me Down") that, despite its use of a drum loop, could be considered the antithesis of disco. In an April 2008 interview, Lynne fondly recalled his forays into dance music:

In 1979, Lynne rejected an offer for ELO to headline the Knebworth Concert in the UK, allowing Led Zeppelin to headline instead.

In the absence of any touring to support ''Discovery'', Lynne had time to contribute five tracks to the soundtrack for the 1980 movie musical ''Xanadu''. The score yielded a pair of top-40 singles, with the title track "Xanadu" reaching number one in the UK. Nevertheless, Lynne was not integrated into the development of the film, and his material subsequently had only superficial attachment to the plot. ''Xanadu'' performed weakly at the box office (although it later has experienced popularity as a cult favourite). Lynne subsequently disavowed his limited contribution to the project, although he later re-recorded the title song (with his lead vocal) for the 2000 box set ''Flashback''. In 2007, the film was loosely adapted into a successful Broadway musical, incorporating almost all of the songs from the original film, and also using two other ELO hits: "Strange Magic" and "Evil Woman".

The 1980s

In 1981 Lynne took the band in a somewhat different direction with the science-fiction themed album ''Time'', reaching number one for two weeks in the UK, producing the second Top 3 single in less than two years. The strings were still featured, but with heavily synthesised textures. Following a marginally successful tour, Lynne kept this general approach with 1983's ''Secret Messages'' and a final contractually-obligated ELO album ''Balance of Power'' in 1986. Lynne discusses the contractually-obligated nature of the final albums on the short interview included with the 'Zoom' DVD. ELO now had only three remaining official members (Lynne, Bevan and Tandy), and Lynne began devoting more time to producing.

During his time in the Electric Light Orchestra, Lynne did manage to release a few recordings under his own name. In 1976, Lynne covered The Beatles songs "With a Little Help from My Friends" and "Nowhere Man" for ''All This and World War II''. In 1977, Lynne released his first solo single, the disco-flavoured "Doin' That Crazy Thing"/"Goin' Down To Rio". Despite ELO's high profile at that time, it received little airplay and failed to chart. In 1984 Lynne and ELO keyboardist Richard Tandy contributed two original songs "Video!" and "Let It Run" to the film ''Electric Dreams'' (they also provided a third song, "Sooner or Later", which was released as the b-side of "Video!"). Lynne also wrote the song "The Story of Me," which was recorded by the Everly Brothers on their comeback album ''EB84''.

Even before the official end of ELO, Lynne began his move toward focusing almost exclusively on studio production work. Lynne produced and wrote the 1983 top-40 hit "Slipping Away" for Dave Edmunds and played on sessions (with Richard Tandy) for Edmunds' album, ''Information''. Lynne also produced six tracks on Edmunds' follow-up album in 1984, ''Riff Raff.''

In contrast to the dense, boomy, baroque sound of ELO, Lynne's post-ELO studio work has tended toward more minimal, acoustic instrumentation and a sparse, "organic" quality that generally favours light room ambience and colouration over artificial reverb, especially on vocals. Lynne's recordings also often feature the jangling compressed acoustic guitar sound pioneered by Roger McGuinn and a heavily gated snare drum sound.

Lynne's influence by the Beatles was clearly evident in his ELO work and the connection to the Beatles was strengthened when Lynne produced George Harrison's ''Cloud Nine,'' a successful comeback album for the ex-Beatle, released in 1987, featuring the popular singles "Got My Mind Set on You", "When We Was Fab" (where Lynne played the violin in the video), and "This is Love", two of the three songs co-written by Lynne.

Jeff Lynne's association with Harrison led to the 1988 formation of the Traveling Wilburys, a studio "supergroup" that included George Harrison, Tom Petty, Bob Dylan and Roy Orbison (as well as Lynne himself), and resulted in two albums (''Vol. 1'' and ''Vol. 3''), both co-produced by Lynne. In 1988 Lynne also worked on Roy Orbison's album ''Mystery Girl'' co-writing and producing Orbison's last major hit, "You Got It", plus two other tracks on that album. For ''Rock On!'', the final Del Shannon album, Jeff Lynne co-wrote "Walk Away" and finished off several tracks after Shannon's death.

In 1989, Lynne co-produced ''Full Moon Fever'' by Tom Petty, which included the hit singles "Free Fallin'", "I Won't Back Down", and "Runnin' Down a Dream", all co-written by Lynne. This album and ''Traveling Wilburys Vol. 1'' both received nominations for the Grammy Award for Best Album of the Year in 1989. The Traveling Wilburys won a Grammy for "Best Rock Performance By A Duo Or Group With Vocal" that year. Lynne's song "One Way Love" was released as a single by Agnetha Faltskog and appeared on her second post-ABBA album, ''Eyes of a Woman''. Lynne co-wrote and produced the track "Let It Shine" for Beach Boys founder Brian Wilson's first solo album in 1988. Lynne also contributed three tracks to an album by Duane Eddy and "Falling In Love" on Land of Dreams for Randy Newman.

The 1990s

In 1990, Lynne collaborated on the Wilburys' follow up ''Traveling Wilburys Vol. 3'' and shortly after that released his first solo album ''Armchair Theatre'', with old friends George Harrison and Richard Tandy featuring the singles "Every Little Thing" and "Lift Me Up". The album received some positive critical attention but little commercial success. Lynne also provided the song "Wild Times" to the motion picture soundtrack ''Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves'' in 1991.

In 1991, Lynne returned to the studio with Petty, co-writing and producing the album ''Into the Great Wide Open'' for Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers, which featured the singles "Learning to Fly" and "Into the Great Wide Open". The following year he produced Roy Orbison's posthumous album ''King of Hearts'', featuring the single "I Drove All Night".

In February 1994, Lynne fulfilled a lifelong dream by working with the three surviving Beatles on the ''Anthology'' album series. At George Harrison's request, Lynne was brought in to assist in reevaluating John Lennon's original studio material. The songs "Free as a Bird" and "Real Love" were created by digitally processing Lennon's demos for the songs and overdubbing the three surviving band members to form a virtual Beatles reunion that the band had mutually eschewed during Lennon's lifetime. Lynne has also produced records for Ringo Starr and worked on Paul McCartney's Grammy nominated album ''Flaming Pie''.

Lynne's work in the 1990s also includes production of a 1993 album for singer/songwriter Julianna Raye entitled ''Something Peculiar'' and production or songwriting contributions to albums by Roger McGuinn (Back from Rio), Joe Cocker (Night Calls), Aerosmith (Lizard Love), Tom Jones (Lift me Up), Bonnie Tyler (Time Mends a Broken Heart), the film ''Still Crazy'', Hank Marvin (Wonderful Land and Nivram), Et Moi (Drole De Vie), and the Tandy Morgan Band (Action).

In 1996, Lynne was officially recognised by his peers when he was awarded the Ivor Novello Award for "Outstanding Contributions to British Music" for a second time.

The 2000s

Following legal action to get the ELO name back from Bevan's touring group ELO Part II, Lynne released a new album in 2001 under the ELO moniker entitled ''Zoom''. Although the album featured guest appearances by Ringo Starr, George Harrison and original ELO keyboardist Richard Tandy, it was essentially a second Jeff Lynne solo album, with Lynne multi-tracking a majority of the instruments and vocals. The album received positive reviews but had no hit singles. Despite bearing little sonic relationship to the halcyon ELO days of the late 1970s, it was marketed as a "return to the classic ELO sound" in an attempt to connect with a loyal body of fans and jump-start a planned concert tour (with Lynne and Tandy as the only returning original ELO members). While a live performance was taped at CBS Television City over two consecutive nights and shown on PBS (with subsequent DVD release), the tour itself was cancelled.

Speculation remains rife as to the reason (or reasons), for the cancellation of this tour. Certainly, initial ticket sales were disappointing, with publicity for the concerts minimal. Although often cited by fans as a reason for the tour cancellation, the events and aftermath of 11 September occurred subsequent to the official cancellation of the tour. Greg Bissonette (ELO drummer), when asked, described it as "the greatest tour I never went on!"

Earlier in 2001, Lynne began working with George Harrison on what would turn out to be Harrison's final album, ''Brainwashed''. After Harrison's death from cancer on 29 November 2001, Lynne returned to the studio in 2002 to help finish the uncompleted album. Lynne was also heavily involved in the memorial ''Concert for George'', held at London's Royal Albert Hall in November 2002, singing the lead vocal on "The Inner Light", "I Want to Tell You" and "Give Me Love (Give Me Peace on Earth)", and subsequently produced the Surround Sound audio mix for the ''Concert For George'' DVD released in November 2003. The DVD received a Grammy.

Lynne reunited in 2006 with Tom Petty to produce his third solo release, ''Highway Companion''.

ASCAP honoured Jeff Lynne with the Golden Note Award during their inaugural "I Create Music" EXPO on 24 April 2009, the presenter was Paul Williams. ASCAP's Golden Note Award is presented to songwriters, composers, and artists who have achieved extraordinary career milestones. Previous honorees include Tom Petty, Quincy Jones, Stevie Wonder, Sean "Diddy" Combs and Garth Brooks, to name a few.

Lynne said in a Reuters article on 23 April 2009, that he has finally been working on the long awaited follow-up to his 1990 solo debut album ''Armchair Theatre'' with a possible tentative release date of "later this year".

He also produced four tracks on Regina Spektor's fifth album ''Far'', released 23 June 2009.

In a March 2010 interview with the ''Daily Express'' newspaper, Lynne confirmed he is working on a new album with Joe Walsh and simultaneously "writing a couple of albums under his own name, though he won't tell us in which musical direction he's heading."

Lynne has recently contributed a cover of Buddy Holly's "Words of Love" for the upcoming tribute album, Listen to Me: Buddy Holly to be released on 6 September 2011.

Albums Lynne participated on

The Idle Race

''The Birthday Party'' (October 1968)

''Idle Race'' (November 1969)

The Move

''Looking On'' (December 1970)

''Message from the Country'' (8 October 1971)

Electric Light Orchestra

''The Electric Light Orchestra'' (1971)

''ELO 2'' (1973)

''On the Third Day'' (1973)

''Eldorado, A Symphony'' (1974)

''Face the Music'' (1975)

''A New World Record'' (1976)

''Out of the Blue'' (1977)

''Discovery'' (1979)

''Xanadu'' (1980)

''Time'' (1981)

''Secret Messages'' (1983)

''Balance of Power'' (1986)

''Zoom'' (2001)

Traveling Wilburys

''Traveling Wilburys Vol. 1'' (1988)

''Traveling Wilburys Vol. 3'' (1990)

''The Traveling Wilburys Collection'' (2007)

Others

He sang "With a Little Help from My Friends" for the movie ''All This and World War II'', sang on the Beatles single "Free as a Bird", and performed at the Concert for George.

He sang Buddy Holly's "Words of Love" for the album Listen To Me: Buddy Holly, to be released in September 2011.

Solo discography

Albums

:''Armchair Theatre''

:Released: 12 June 1990 :Peak Chart Positions: #7 Norway, #8 Sweden, #22 Canada, #24 UK,

:"Lift Me Up" / "Sirens"

:Released: September 1990 :Peak Chart Positions: # 37 Canada

See also

Jeff Lynne and The Beatles

References

External links

elo.biz Official Website

Jeff Lynne Song Database

Discovery - welcome to the show ELO & Jeff Lynne information page

Category:1947 births Category:Living people Category:Electric Light Orchestra members Category:English male singers Category:English multi-instrumentalists Category:English record producers Category:English rock guitarists Category:English songwriters Category:Ivor Novello Award winners Category:The Move members Category:People from Birmingham, West Midlands Category:People associated with The Beatles Category:Traveling Wilburys members Category:Musicians from Birmingham, West Midlands

ca:Jeff Lynne cs:Jeff Lynne da:Jeff Lynne de:Jeff Lynne es:Jeff Lynne fr:Jeff Lynne ko:제프 린 it:Jeff Lynne he:ג'ף לין ka:ჯეფ ლინი nl:Jeff Lynne ja:ジェフ・リン no:Jeff Lynne pl:Jeff Lynne pt:Jeff Lynne ro:Jeff Lynne ru:Линн, Джефф simple:Jeff Lynne fi:Jeff Lynne sv:Jeff Lynne th:เจฟฟ์ ลินน์