Onion
Scientific classification </small>
Kingdom:	Plantae
clade:	Angiosperms
clade:	Monocots
Order:	Asparagales
Family:	Amaryllidaceae
Subfamily:	Allioideae
Genus:	Allium
Species:	A. cepa
Binomial name
Allium cepa L.

The onion (Allium cepa), which is also known as the bulb onion,^[1] common onion^[2] and garden onion,^{[citation needed]} is the most widely cultivated species of the genus Allium.^[3] The genus Allium also contains a number of other species variously referred to as onions and cultivated for food, such as the Japanese bunching onion (A. fistulosum), Egyptian onion (A. ×proliferum), and Canada onion (A. canadense).^[2] The name "wild onion" is applied to a number of Allium species.

The vast majority of cultivars of A. cepa belong to the "common onion group" (A. cepa var. cepa) and are usually referred to simply as "onions". The Aggregatum Group of cultivars (A. cepa var. aggregatum) includes both shallots and potato onions.^[4]

Allium cepa is known only in cultivation,^[5] but related wild species occur in Central Asia. The most closely related species include Allium vavilovii (Popov & Vved.) and Allium asarense (R.M. Fritsch & Matin) from Iran.^[6] However, Zohary and Hopf warn that "there are doubts whether the A. vavilovii collections tested represent genuine wild material or only feral derivatives of the crop."^[7]

Uses of an onion [link]

Culinary uses [link]

Frying onions

Onions are often chopped and used an ingredient in various hearty warm dishes, but are often used as a main ingredient in their own right, for example in French onion soup or onion chutney. They are also used raw in cold salads. Onions pickled in vinegar are eaten as a snack. These are often served as a side serving in fish and chip shops throughout the United Kingdom and Australia, often served with cheese in the United Kingdom, and as "pickled onions" in Eastern Europe. Fresh onion has a pungent, persistent, even irritating taste, but when sauteed, onion becomes sweet and much less pungent.

Onion types and products[link]

Common onions are normally available in three colors: yellow, red, and white. Yellow onions are full-flavored and are a reliable standby for cooking almost anything. Yellow onions turn a rich, dark brown when cooked and give French onion soup its tangy sweet flavor. The red onion is a good choice for fresh uses or in grilling and char-broiling. White onions are the traditional onion used in classic Mexican cuisine. They have a golden color and sweet flavor when sautéed.

While the large mature onion bulb is the onion most often eaten, onions can be eaten at immature stages. Young plants may be harvested before bulbing occurs and used whole as scallions.^[8] When an onion is harvested after bulbing has begun but the onion is not yet mature, the plants are sometimes referred to as summer onions.^[9]

Additionally, onions may be bred and grown to mature at smaller sizes. Depending on the mature size and the purpose for which the onion is used, these may be referred to as pearl, boiler, or pickler onions.^[9] (However, true pearl onions are a different species.) Pearl and boiler onions may be cooked as a vegetable rather than an ingredient. Pickler onions are, unsurprisingly, often pickled.

Onion seed may be "sprouted", and the resulting sprouts used in salads, sandwiches, and other dishes. (See sprouting.)

Onions are available in fresh, frozen, canned, caramelized, pickled, powdered, chopped, and dehydrated forms.

Onion powder is a spice used for seasoning in cooking. It is made from finely ground, dehydrated onions, mainly the pungent varieties of bulb onions, which causes the powder to have a very strong odor. Onion powder comes in a few varieties: white, yellow, red and toasted.

Wikibooks Cookbook has a recipe/module on Onion powder

Non-culinary uses[link]

Onions have particularly large cells that are readily observed at low magnification; consequently, onion tissue is frequently used in science education for demonstrating microscope usage.^[10]

Onion skins have been used for dye.^[11]

Historical uses [link]

Bulbs from the onion family are thought to have been used as a food source for millennia. In Bronze Age settlements, traces of onion remains were found alongside date stones and fig remains that date back to 5000 BC.^[12]

However, it is not clear if these were cultivated onions. Archaeological and literary evidence such as the Book of Numbers 11:5 suggests cultivation probably took place around two thousand years later in ancient Egypt, at the same time that leeks and garlic were cultivated. Workers who built the Egyptian pyramids may have been fed radishes and onions.^[12]

The onion is easily propagated, transported and stored. The ancient Egyptians worshipped it,^[13] believing its spherical shape and concentric rings symbolized eternal life. Onions were even used in Egyptian burials, as evidenced by onion traces being found in the eye sockets of Ramesses IV.

In ancient Greece, athletes ate large quantities of onion because it was believed to lighten the balance of blood. Roman gladiators were rubbed down with onion to firm up their muscles. In the Middle Ages, onions were such an important food that people would pay their rent with onions, and even give them as gifts.^[13] Doctors were known to prescribe onions to facilitate bowel movements and erections, and also to relieve headaches, coughs, snakebite and hair loss.

The cultivated onion was introduced to North America by Christopher Columbus on his 1492 expedition to Hispaniola; however, they found that strains of wild onions already grew throughout North America. Native American Indians used wild onions in a variety of ways, eating them raw or cooked, as a seasoning or as a vegetable. Such onions were also used in syrups, as poultices, as an ingredient in dyes and even as toys. According to diaries of colonists, bulb onions were planted as soon as the Pilgrim fathers could clear the land in 1648.^[13]

Onions were also prescribed by doctors in the early 16th century to help with infertility in women, and even dogs, cats and cattle and many other household pets. However, recent evidence has shown that dogs, cats, guinea pigs, and other animals should not be given onions in any form, due to toxicity during digestion.^[14][15][16]

Medicinal properties and health effects of onions [link]

Wide-ranging claims have been made for the effectiveness of onions against conditions ranging from the common cold to heart disease, diabetes, osteoporosis, and other diseases.^[17] They contain chemical compounds believed to have anti-inflammatory, anticholesterol, anticancer, and antioxidant properties, such as quercetin. Preliminary studies have shown increased consumption of onions reduces the risk of head and neck cancers.^[18]

Among all varieties, Asian white onions have the most eye irritating chemical reaction.

In India some sects do not eat onions as they believe them to be an aphrodisiac;^[19] various schools of Buddhism also advise against eating onions and other vegetables of the Allium family.^[20]

In many parts of the undeveloped world, onions are used to heal blisters and boils. A traditional Maltese remedy for sea urchin wounds is to tie half a baked onion to the afflicted area overnight. A similar traditional cure is known in Bulgaria. Half-baked onion with sugar is placed over the finger and fingernail in case of inflammation.

An application of raw onion is also said to be helpful in reducing swelling from bee stings. In the United States, products that contain onion extract are used in the treatment of topical scars; some studies have found their action to be ineffective,^[21][22][23] while others found that they may act as an anti-inflammatory or bacteriostatic^[24] and can improve collagen organization in rabbits.^[25]

Onions may be beneficial for women,^[26] who are at increased risk for osteoporosis as they go through menopause, by destroying osteoclasts so they do not break down bone.

An American chemist has stated^[27] the pleiomeric chemicals in onions have the potential to alleviate or prevent sore throat. Onion in combination with jaggery has been widely used as a traditional household remedy for sore throat in India.

Shallots have the most phenols, six times the amount found in Vidalia onion, the variety with the lowest phenolic content. Shallots also have the most antioxidant activity, followed by Western Yellow, pungent yellow (New York Bold),^[28] Northern Red, Mexico, Empire Sweet, Western White, Peruvian Sweet, Texas 1015, Imperial Valley Sweet, and Vidalia. Western Yellow onions have the most flavonoids, eleven times the amount found in Western White, the variety with the lowest flavonoid content.

For all varieties of onions, the more phenols and flavonoids they contain, the more reputed antioxidant and anticancer activity they provide. When tested against liver and colon cancer cells in laboratory studies, 'Western Yellow', pungent yellow (New York Bold)^[28] and shallots were most effective in inhibiting their growth. The milder-tasting cultivars (i.e., 'Western White,' 'Peruvian Sweet,' 'Empire Sweet,' 'Mexico,' 'Texas 1015,' 'Imperial Valley Sweet' and 'Vidalia') showed little cancer-fighting ability.^[28]

Shallots and ten other onion (Allium cepa L.) varieties commonly available in the United States were evaluated: Western Yellow, Northern Red, pungent yellow (New York Bold), Western White, Peruvian Sweet, Empire Sweet, Mexico, Texas 1015, Imperial Valley Sweet, and Vidalia. In general, the most pungent onions delivered many times the effects of their milder cousins.^[28]

The 3-mercapto-2-methylpentan-1-ol in onion was found to inhibit peroxynitrite-induced mechanisms in vitro.^[29]

While members of the onion family appear to have medicinal properties for humans, they can be deadly for dogs, cats, and guinea pigs.^[14][15][16]

Eye irritation [link]

When an onion is cut, certain compounds are released causing the lachrymal glands in the eyes to become irritated, releasing tears.

As onions are sliced or eaten, cells are broken, allowing enzymes called alliinases to break down amino acid sulfoxides and generate sulfenic acids. A specific sulfenic acid, 1-propenesulfenic acid, formed when onions are cut, is rapidly rearranged by a second enzyme, called the lachrymatory factor synthase or LFS, giving syn-propanethial-S-oxide, a volatile gas known as the onion lachrymatory factor or LF.^[30] The LF gas diffuses through the air and eventually reaches the eye, where it activates sensory neurons, creating a stinging sensation. Tear glands produce tears to dilute and flush out the irritant.^[31] Chemicals that exhibit such an effect on the eyes are known as lachrymatory agents.

Supplying ample water to the reaction while peeling onions prevents the gas from reaching the eyes. Eye irritation can, therefore, be avoided by cutting onions under running water or submerged in a basin of water.^[31] Another way to reduce irritation is by chilling, or by not cutting off the root of the onion (or by doing it last), as the root of the onion has a higher concentration of enzymes.^[32] Using a sharp blade to chop onions will limit the cell damage and the release of enzymes that drive the irritation response. Chilling or freezing onions prevents the enzymes from activating, limiting the amount of gas generated.

Eye irritation can also be avoided by having a fan blow the gas away from the eyes, or by wearing goggles or any eye protection that creates a seal around the eye. Contact lens wearers may also experience less immediate irritation as a result of the slight protection afforded by the lenses themselves.^{[citation needed]}

The amount of sulfenic acids and LF released and the irritation effect differs among Allium species. On January 31, 2008, the New Zealand Crop and Food institute created a strain of "no tears" onions by using gene-silencing biotechnology to prevent synthesis by the onions of the lachrymatory factor synthase enzyme.^[33]

Propagation [link]

Flower head of an onion (A. cepa)

Onions may be grown from seed or, more commonly today, from sets started from seed the previous year. Onion sets are produced by sowing seed very thickly one year, resulting in stunted plants that produce very small bulbs. These bulbs are very easy to set out and grow into mature bulbs the following year, but they have the reputation of producing a less durable bulb than onions grown directly from seed and thinned.

Seed-bearing onions are day-length sensitive; their bulbs begin growing only after the number of daylight hours has surpassed some minimal quantity. Most traditional European onions are what is referred to as "long-day" onions, producing bulbs only after 15+ hours of daylight occur. Southern European and North African varieties are often known as "intermediate day" types, requiring only 12–13 hours of daylight to stimulate bulb formation. Finally, "short-day" onions, which have been developed in more recent times, are planted in mild-winter areas in the fall and form bulbs in the early spring, and require only 9–10 hours of sunlight to stimulate bulb formation.

Either planting method may be used to produce spring onions or green onions, which are the leaves of immature plants. Green onion is a name also used to refer to another species, Allium fistulosum, the Welsh onion, which does not form bulbs.

The tree onion produces bulblets instead of flowers and seeds, which can be planted directly in the ground.

I'itoi onion (Allium cepa) is a prolific multiplier onion cultivated near Baboquiviri, Arizona. They have a shallot-like flavor. They are easy to grow and ideal for hot, dry climates. To grow them, separate bulbs, and plant in the fall 1 inch below surface and 12 inches apart. Bulbs will multiply into clumps and can be harvested throughout the cooler months. Tops will die back in the heat of summer and may return with monsoon rains; bulbs can remain in the ground or be harvested and stored in a cool dry place for planting in the fall. The plants rarely flower; propagation is by division.

Varieties [link]

A red onion.

[edit] Common onion group (var. cepa)

Most of the diversity within A. cepa occurs within this group, the most economically important Allium crop. Plants within this group form large single bulbs, and are grown from seed or seed-grown sets. The majority of cultivars grown for dry bulbs, salad onions, and pickling onions belong to this group.^[4] The range of diversity found among these cultivars includes variation in photoperiod (length of day that triggers bulbing), storage life, flavour, and skin colour.^[34] Common onions range from the pungent varieties used for dried soups and onion powder to the mild and hearty sweet onions, such as the Vidalia from Georgia, USA, or Walla Walla from Washington that can be sliced and eaten on a sandwich instead of meat.

European onions[link]

A number of onions have Protected Geographical Status in Europe, these include:

• Cebolla Fuentes de Ebro, a sweet, watery and soft variety from Zaragoza, Spain (PDO)
• Cipolla Rossa di Tropea, a red onion from Calabria, Italy (PGI)
• Cipollotto Nocerino, a spring/salad onion-sized Allium cepa from Campania, Italy (PDO)
• Oignon doux des Cévennes, a sweet onion from the southeast of France (PDO)

[edit] Aggregatum Group (var. aggregatum)

This group contains shallots and potato onions, also referred to as multiplier onions. The bulbs are smaller than those of common onions, and a single plant forms an aggregate cluster of several bulbs. They are propagated almost exclusively from daughter bulbs, although reproduction from seed is possible. Shallots are the most important subgroup within this group and comprise the only cultivars cultivated commercially. They form aggregate clusters of small, narrowly ovoid to pear-shaped bulbs. Potato onions differ from shallots in forming larger bulbs with fewer bulbs per cluster, and having a flattened (onion-like) shape. However, intermediate forms exist.^[4] In nepali onion is called 'pyaj'.

[edit] Species that may be confused with A. cepa

Scallions or salad onions may be grown from the Welsh onion (A. fistulosum) as well as from A. cepa. Young plants of A. fistulosum and A. cepa look very similar, but may be distinguished by their leaves, which are circular in cross-section in A. fistulosum rather than flattened on one side.^[35]

[edit] Hybrids with A. cepa parentage

A number of hybrids are cultivated that have A. cepa parentage, such as the tree onion or Egyptian onion (A. ×proliferum), Wakegi onion (A. ×wakegi), and the triploid onion (A. ×cornutum).

Diploid hybrids[link]

A. ×proliferum, tree onion

The tree onion or Egyptian onion produces bulblets in the flower head instead of flowers, and is now known to be a hybrid of A. cepa × A. fistulosum. It has previously been treated as a variety of A. cepa, for example A. cepa var. proliferum, A. cepa var. bulbiferum, and A. cepa var. viviparum.^[36]

The Wakegi onion is also known to be a hybrid between A. cepa and A. fistulosum, with the A. cepa parent believed to be from the Aggregatum Group of cultivars.^[37] It has been grown for centuries in Japan and China for use as a salad onion.^[38]

Under the rules of botanical nomenclature, both the Egyptian onion and Wakegi onion should be combined into one hybridogenic species, having the same parent species. Where this is followed, the Egyptian onion is named A. ×proliferum Eurasian Group and the Wakegi onion is named A. ×proliferum East Asian Group.^[2]

Triploid onions[link]

The triploid onion is a hybrid species with three sets of chromosomes, two sets from A. cepa and the third set from an unknown parent.^[37] Various clones of the triploid onion are grown locally in different regions, such as 'Ljutika' in Croatia, and 'Pran', 'Poonch' and 'Srinagar' in the India-Kashmir region. 'Pran' is grown extensively in the Northern Indian provinces of Jammu and Kashmir. There are very small genetic differences between 'Pran' and the Croatian clone 'Ljutika', implying a monophyletic origin for this species.^[39]

Some authors have used the name A. cepa var. viviparum (Metzg.) Alef. for the triploid onion, but this name has also been applied to the Egyptian onion. The only name unambiguously connected with the triploid onion is A. ×cornutum.

Storage[link]

Green onion and leeks are optimally stored refrigerated.^[40] Cooking onions and sweet onions, on the other hand, can be stored at room temperature, optimally in a single layer, in mesh bag in a dry, cool, dark, well ventilated location.^[40] In this environment, cooking onions have a shelf life of three to four weeks, and sweet onions one to two weeks.^[40] Cooking onions will absorb odours from apples and pears.^[40] Also, they draw moisture from vegetables they are stored with which may cause them to decay.^[40] Sweet onions have a greater water and sugar content than cooking onions. This makes them sweeter and milder tasting, but also reduces their shelf life.^[40] Sweet onions can also be stored refrigerated; they have a shelf life of approximately one month, optimally uncovered.^[40] Irrespective of type, any cut pieces of onion are optimally tightly wrapped, stored away from other produce, and used within two to three days.^[40]

Production trends [link]

Onion and shallot output in 2005

Top Ten Onion Producers — 2009 (metric tons)
China	21,046,969
India	13,900,000
United States	3,400,560
Turkey	1,849,580
Egypt	1,800,000
Pakistan	1,704,100
Russia	1,601,550
Iran	1,512,150
Brazil	1,511,850
Netherlands	1,269,000
World Total	73,231,830
Source: UN Food & Agriculture Organisation (FAO)[41]

The Onion Futures Act, passed in 1958, bans the trading of futures contracts on onions in the United States, after farmers complained about alleged market manipulation by Sam Seigel and Vincent Kosuga at the Chicago Mercantile Exchange. It provides economists with a unique case study in the effects of futures trading on agricultural prices. It remains in effect as of 2012^[update].

See also [link]

Onion growing leaves

• Allicin
• Desquamation
• Herbalism
• List of Allium species
• Onion Johnny
• Pyruvate scale
• Welsh onion

Notes [link]

References [link]

External links [link]

• PROTAbase on Allium cepa
• Watch the Video: No Cry Onion Chopping (with Jonathon Stewart)
• Allium cepa L. Medicinal Plant Images Database (School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University) (traditional Chinese)(English)

Look up onion in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Onions

v t e Allium Onion Garlic Onion cultivars Calçot Cocktail onion Pearl onion Potato onion Red onion Scallion Shallot Sweet onion Tree onion Twinleaf onion Vidalia onion Welsh onion White onion Yellow onion Onion species Allium abramsii Allium acuminatum Allium aflatunense Allium amplectens Allium atrorubens Allium bisceptrum Allium bolanderi Allium burlewii Allium caeruleum Allium campanulatum Allium cernuum Allium cratericola Allium crispum Allium cristophii Allium monanthum Allium platycaule Allium praecox Allium punctum Allium sanbornii Allium shevockii Allium siskiyouense Allium sphaerocephalon Allium stipitatum Allium textile Allium tribracteatum Allium tricoccum Allium triquetrum Allium tuolumnense Allium unifolium Allium validum Allium yosemitense Allium stellatum Onion food Blooming onion Fried onion Onion ring Pickled onion Sogan-dolma Garlic cultivars Elephant garlic Field garlic Garlic chives Ramsons Snow Mountain Garlic Solo garlic Garlic species Allium canadense Allium drummondii Allium moly Allium neapolitanum Allium nigrum Allium roseum Allium sphaerocephalon Allium triquetrum Allium vineale Garlic food Black garlic Persillade Pistou Garlic press Garlic bread Garlic chutney Beurre à la bourguignonne Garlic/onion constituents Allicin Allistatin Category:Allium

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Chelsea Handler
Handler at the 2012 Time 100
Birth name	Chelsea Joy Handler
Born	(1975-02-25) February 25, 1975 (age 37) Livingston, New Jersey, U.S.
Medium	Television, stand-up, film, books, modeling
Nationality	American
Years active	1996–present
Genres	Observational comedy, news satire, blue comedy
Subject(s)	Pop culture, celebrities, gossip
Notable works and roles	Host of Chelsea Lately
Website	ChelseaHandler.com

Chelsea Joy Handler^[1] (born February 25, 1975)^[2] is an American stand-up comedian, actress, best-selling author, and producer. She has hosted the late-night talk show Chelsea Lately on E! Entertainment Television since 2007.

Early life[link]

Handler grew up in the suburban town of Livingston, New Jersey.^[3] The youngest of six children, she was raised in Reform Judaism by her Jewish father, Seymour, and her Mormon mother, Rita. Her mother was German and came to the United States in 1958.^{[3][4][5][5][6][7]} Handler has said that while growing up, she felt like an outsider, and told a reporter, "We lived in this nice Jewish neighborhood...Everyone had Mercedes and Jaguars, and I was going to school in a Pinto."^[8] Despite this, her family had a summer house on Martha's Vineyard.^[3] In a June 2011 episode of her show, she and author James Van Praagh discussed the death of her brother, Chet, when she was nine years old.^[9] Handler had an abortion at age 16, which she discussed during an interview in 2011.^[10] At age 19, she moved from New Jersey to Los Angeles, CA to pursue an acting career, and two years later, decided to become a stand-up comic after telling her story about a DUI to a class of other offenders, who found it funny.^[2]

Career[link]

[edit] Chelsea Lately

In July 2007, Handler began starring on her own half-hour, late-night comedy series on E! Entertainment Television titled Chelsea Lately. On the show's 100th episode, she revealed to viewers that the network had picked up Chelsea Lately for another 150 episodes.^[11] The show has proved to be a hit by averaging more than a half-million viewers since its premiere (much more than the average for a late night cable program) and having clips on YouTube with more than one million views. All this success is despite the fact that Handler's guests often are not A-list celebrities. In a 2008 interview, Handler said, "The worse the guests are, the more pathetic they are, the funnier the show is."^[8] The New York Times reported that Chelsea Lately had been renewed by E! Entertainment Television to run until December 2009;^[12] Handler's most recent contract extension will keep Chelsea Lately on the air through 2014.^[13]

[edit] After Lately

After Lately is a mockumentary in which the various cast members, writers, crew, and even "hangers-on" of Chelsea Lately are shown bickering over trivial matters and competing for air time on the show. They also seek personal approval from Handler, who usually appears in very few scenes of the program, and is always portrayed as having open and utter disdain for everyone beneath her. After Lately began airing on E! Entertainment Television on March 6, 2011. Guest stars include: Reese Witherspoon (in seasons one and two), Jennifer Aniston, Jay Leno, Tori Spelling, Jenny McCarthy, Sharon Osbourne, Dave Grohl, and Jane Fonda.^[14][15]

Books[link]

Handler has authored four books on the New York Times Best Seller List, three of which have been number one. Her first book, My Horizontal Life: A Collection of One-Night Stands (2005), describes the variety of sexual encounters she went through throughout her life. Handler also wrote Are You There, Vodka? It's Me, Chelsea (2008), a collection of humorous essays that hit the New York Times Nonfiction Best Seller List on May 11, 2008,^[16] with a print run of over 350,000.^[17] She went on a nationwide tour to promote her third book, titled Chelsea Chelsea Bang Bang, which was released on March 9, 2010.^[12]

On November 15, 2010, it was announced that Handler's publishers gave her her own publishing imprint (Borderline Amazing/A Chelsea Handler Book). She also signed a three-book deal with the imprint, the first of which is called Lies That Chelsea Handler Told Me, where her coworkers and family members discuss what Handler has done, which was released in May 2011 and also hit number one.

Performances[link]

Handler at LA Direct Magazine's "Remember to Give" Holiday Party 2008

Handler has performed nationwide as a comedian and appeared as a regular on the Oxygen Network series Girls Behaving Badly, as well as on other shows like Weekends at the D.L., The Bernie Mac Show, My Wife and Kids, and The Practice. She is a regular commentator on E! and Scarborough Country, as well as a correspondent on The Tonight Show. She hosted the first episode of the reality TV show On the Lot, but quit before the second one was aired, saying later, "Because I smelled the disaster happening before it did." ^[18] The show, produced by Steven Spielberg and Mark Burnett, is a competition for aspiring filmmakers who are vying for a chance at stardom. Handler was replaced by former Robin & Company entertainment anchor, Adrianna Costa. Handler also began hosting The Chelsea Handler Show in April 2006, which lasted two seasons. She was a guest on Red Eye w/ Greg Gutfeld and The View, and she co-hosted The View on August 2, 2007, and again on September 5, 2008. On January 25, 2009, Handler was on the CBS gameshow Million Dollar Password as one of the celebrity players. On April 15, 2009, she won the 2009 Bravo A-List Award for "A-List Funny." ^[19]

On August 18, 2010, it was announced that Handler would be the host of the 2010 MTV Video Music Awards. The announcement was surprising to many, including MTV representatives, who claimed that the final decision was unexpected.^[20] This makes Handler only the second woman in the history of the VMAs to be the sole host of the ceremony, behind Roseanne Barr, who hosted in 1994.^[21] The event took place at the Nokia Theatre in Los Angeles on September 12, 2010.

In 2007, Handler performed with Comedy Central's Hour Stand-Up Comedy Tour across the United States. Her stand-up comedy has also been televised on VH1's Love Lounge, Comedy Central's Premium Blend, and HBO's broadcast of the Aspen Comedy Festival.

[edit] In the Motherhood

In 2007, Handler appeared in the Internet-based program In the Motherhood with Leah Remini and Jenny McCarthy (since January 2008). On September 8, 2008, it was announced that ABC would be turning In The Motherhood into a series starring Jessica St. Clair, Megan Mullally, and Cheryl Hines.^[22] Handler decided to drop out of the project due to scheduling commitments to her show Chelsea Lately.

[edit] Are You There, Chelsea?

Are You There, Chelsea? was an NBC sitcom, based on Handler's 2008 best-selling book Are You There, Vodka? It's Me, Chelsea, which aired from January 11 to March 28, 2012. On May 11, 2012, the network canceled it.^[23] Laura Prepon played the main character, "Chelsea Newman," a cocktail waitress while Handler portrayed "Chelsea's" born-again Christian sister, "Sloane," a married, conservative, new mom who had little in common with her carefree sister. Dottie Zicklin (of Dharma & Greg) and Julie Larson (of The Drew Carey Show) were creators and executive producers. Handler served as executive producer, along with Tom Werner (of That 70's Show), Mike Clements (of The Life & Times of Tim), and Tom Brunelle (of Chelsea Lately). ^[24]

In popular culture[link]

From her work on Chelsea Lately, Handler is ranked on the Forbes Celebrity 100 at number 98. In 2012 Time magazine placed her on the list of its 100 Most Influential People.^[25][26] She has her own columns in Cosmopolitan and NOW, a UK celebrity magazine. In July 2010, during a tour stop in Salt Lake City, Chelsea took part in the 'I AM EQUAL' Photo Documentary project in memory of her mother, Rita, who died from complications of cancer. Along with her photo being added to the documentary and accompanying photo mosaic, she also shared a "Photo Story" with a message that inspires people to take chances in life.^[27]

Personal life[link]

Chelsea Handler lives with her older brother, Roy Handler, a friend and her dogs in California.

Published Works[link]

• My Horizontal Life: A Collection of One-Night Stands (2005)
• Are You There, Vodka? It's Me, Chelsea (2008)
• Chelsea Chelsea Bang Bang (2010)
• Lies That Chelsea Handler Told Me (2011)

Filmography[link]

Television and film[link]

• Are You There, Chelsea? (2012) - Sloane
• This Means War (2012) – Trish
• Whitney (2011) - Dr. Price
• After Lately (March 6, 2011– present) - Herself
• Hop (2011) – Mrs. Beck
• The Good Wife (2009) – Herself
• Chelsea Lately (July 16, 2007– present) - Herself
• In the Motherhood (10 episodes, 2007–2008) – Heather
• Steam (2007) - Jacky
• Comedy Central Presents (2007) - Herself (standup)
• The Chelsea Handler Show (April 21– September 9, 2006) – Herself
• Reno 911! (2006) - Pinky
• National Lampoon Presents Cattle Call (2006) – Nikita
• Dirty Famous (1 episode, 2005, unsold pilot) - Missy Klein
• Weekends at the D.L. (2005) - Herself
• Totally High (2005)
• Girls Behaving Badly (2004) - Herself
• The Bernie Mac Show (2004) - Doris Flynt
• My Wife and Kids (2002) - Nurse Amy
• The Practice (2002) - Callie Fairbanks
• The Plotters (2001) - Ann
• Spy TV (2001)

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Chelsea Handler

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Chelsea Handler

• Official website
• Chelsea Handler at the Internet Movie Database
• In the Motherhood official website
• Q&A Interview, New York Times Magazine, December 16, 2007
• Chelsea Handler interviewed by Antonella Gambotto-Burke
• Review of "Are You There, Vodka? It's Me, Chelsea"
• Chelsea Handler on Twitter