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Hai Phong Thành phố Hải Phòng
—  Municipalitiy  —
Hai Phong city
Provincial location in Vietnam
Coordinates: 20°51′N 106°41′E / 20.85°N 106.683°E / 20.85; 106.683
Country	Vietnam
Area
• Total	1,507.57 km2 (582.08 sq mi)
Population
• Total	1,884,685 (3rd in Vietnam)
Website	www.haiphong.gov.vn

Hải Phòng ( listen), also Haiphong, is the 3rd largest city in Vietnam. The name means, "coastal defence". Haiphong also names "The City of the Red Flamboyant", because there are a lot of flamboyant trees which are planted in the city. Haiphong is also the largest 1st-class city, and is an economic, industrial, commercial and educational center in Vietnam. With the advantage of having deep-watered ports, maritime transport here is very developed.

History[link]

Hai Phong City Map, English edition of 1920

Hai Phong was originally founded by Lê Chân, the female general of a Vietnamese revolution against the Chinese led by the Trưng Sisters (Hai Bà Trưng) in the year 43 C.E. The area which is now known as Duong Kinh District was once known as Hai tan Phong thu ("defensive coastal area"), and served as the second capital of the Mac dynasty (1527–1592). At the end of Nguyen Emperor Tu Duc's reign, the headquarters of An Duong District was also moved to Hang Kenh Communal House, which now belongs to Le Chan district.^[1]

In 1881, the city was the site of a devastating typhoon which claimed up to 300,000 lives.

Haiphong was one of Vietnam's principal ports and trading centers. When the country was invaded by the French, the city became France's main naval base in Indochina. After World War II, when Vietnam attempted to regain its independence, Hai Phong was the site of the first military action undertaken by the French, as punishment for the death of three French soldiers. Some sources^[2] claim that the French heavy cruiser Suffren bombarded the city, while others claim it was not Suffren but 3 avisos or sloops, supported by Suffren, the ships that bombarded the city and adjacent fields in an aggression that contributed to the start of the First Indochina War.^[3][4] French infantry forces under the command of Jean-Étienne Valluy invaded the city and fought house to house with support from armored units and jet fighters.^[5]

Vietnam War[link]

Later, in the Vietnam War, Hai Phong was subjected to heavy bombing by US Navy and Air Force strike aircraft because it was North Vietnam's only major port. The city, however, was compleatly unaffected by the war due to the establishment of a prohibition zone surrounding it. After the war, the city recovered and became a significant industrial center.^[1] Today, its port serves the entire northern region of Vietnam, and has managed to attract large foreign direct investment that fueled economic rates of growth exceeding 10% per annum over the last decade.

Demographics[link]

Haiphong is the third largest city in Vietnam, with an area of 1,507.57 km² and a population of 1,884,685 according to the 2009 census.^[6] Women make up 50.4% of Haiphong's population.^[7]

Population growth

As of the 2009 census, Haiphong's average annual population growth rate was given as 4.0%. Haiphong's crude birth rate was recorded at 18.1 live births per 1000 persons; the crude death rate was measured at 7.6 per 1000 persons. Life expectancy at birth was estimated at 77.1 years for women and 72.0 years for men, or 74.5 years overall. The infant mortality rate was measured at 11.8 infant deaths per 1000 live births, just over two points above the nation's average for urban areas. In the same census, the city's immigration and emigration rates were measured at 2.8% and 1.9%, respectively, for a net migration rate of 0.9%.^[7]

Geography[link]

Hai Phong is a coastal city located at the mouth of the Cam River, in Vietnam's northeastern coastal area, 120 km east of Hanoi. The Binh Bridge crosses the Cam and connects the city with Thuy Nguyen District. It has a total natural area of 152,318.49ha (2001). It borders Quang Ninh province to the north, Hai Duong province to the west, Thai Binh province to the south, and the Gulf of Tonkin to the east. Bach Long Vi island, located in the Gulf, is also administered as part of the city. The city is located in a convenient position for transportation to domestic provinces, and international networks via road network, railway, sea routes, inland waterway and air.

Climate[link]

Hai Phong features a humid subtropical climate, with hot, humid summers and warm, dry winters. The city is noticeably wetter from April through October. In fact about roughly 90% of the city’s annual precipitation (which is approximately 1600 mm of rainfall) typically falls during these months. There is a noticeable difference in temperatures between the city’s winters and summers. Hai Phong’s coolest months, January and February, sees average high temperatures reach 20 degrees Celsius and average low temperatures at around 14 degrees Celsius. Its warmest months, June and July, sees average high temperatures hover around 33 degrees Celsius and average low temperatures at around 26 degrees Celsius.

Government[link]

This section is empty. You can help by adding to it.

Economy[link]

Hai Phong is northern Vietnam's second largest industrial centre.^[8] It's GDP accounted for 11.8 of the Red River Delta in 2007, second only to Hanoi. It is a significant producer of rice and has the Red River Delta's fourth largest fishing sector. Its industrial sector is the second largest in the region (10.6% of regional industrial GDP) and slightly ahead of Vinh Phuc province (2007). Hai Phong is northern Vietnam's major port city. As a result, it has a large service sector and is important for the region's trade, with export of US$1.26bn and imports of US$1.55bn in 2007.^[9][10]

Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery[link]

Despite its status as a city, around one third of Hai Phong's area or 52,300 ha (as of 2007) are used for agriculture. Rice is the most important crop, taking up around 80% of the agricultural land with an output of 463,100 tons in 2007.^[9] Other agricultural products include maize, sugar and peanuts.^[9]

Hai Phong has a relatively large fishing sector with an output of 79,705 tons (2007). Gross output has almost doubled between 2000 and 2007, mostly due to fast growth in aquaculture, which made up 60% of gross output in 2007. Despite its coastal location, sea fish contribute relatively little to the sector (around one fourth). Nam Dinh province and Thai Binh province have much larger fishing sectors and even the inland Hai Duong province has a larger gross output from fishing than Hai Phong.^[9]

As of 2007, 315,500 were employed in agriculture and fishery, a significant decrease from 396,300 in 2000. However, these sectors still account for almost a third of total employment in Hai Phong, a larger share than industry.^[9] However, gross output in both agriculture and fishery have been growing significantly between 2000 and 2007.

Industry[link]

Hai Phong has a large and diversified industrial sector including food processing, light industries and heavy industries. Major products include fish sauce, beer, cigarettes, textiles, paper, plastic pipes, cement, iron, pharmaceuticals, electric fans, motorbikes, steel pipes and ships.^[9] Most of these industries have been growing significantly between 2000 and 2007, with the exceptions of the cigarette and pharmaceutical industries. Shipbuilding, steel pipes, plastic pipes and textiles are among the industries with the most rapid growth.^[9]

Several large industrial projects with foreign participation are currently being prepared. The country's fourth Vietnam Singapore Industrial Park is under construction in Hai Phong. It has an investment capital of US$1bn and is projected to have a population of 150,000 by 2020.^[11] Another billion dollar project was announced by the Japanese tire producer Bridgestone in December 2011.^[12] Hai Phong will also be the location of Vietnam's first specialised industrial park exclusively for Japanese investors.^[13]

There are also growing industries supplying products used by existing industries in the city. PetroVietnam set up a joint-venture PVTex with textile manufacturer Vinatex to build Vietnam's first polyester fiber plant in Hai Phong. The factory will use by-products from oil-refining and reduce reliance on imported materials.^[14]

270,600 people were employed in Hai Phong's industry. 112,600 industrial jobs were created between 2000 and 2007.^[9]

Culture[link]

City Architecture[link]

This section has been nominated to be checked for its neutrality. Discussion of this nomination can be found on the talk page. (April 2012)

Haiphong is a beautiful city. City Architecture is a harmonious mixture between two Asian and Western cultures. This mixture gives the city a specific, elagant and strong beauty. Ultil now, Haiphong has a lot of old quarters which were built about 100 years ago. In Hong Bang district, for instant, there are manys Franch beautiful villa, clean and uncrowded streets. Near Tam Bac Lake, there is a Chinese quarter, where Chinese businessmen used to live in the past, has a lot similar beauties with Cho Lon in Ho Chi Minh City. Especially Tam Bac street near dreamlike Tam Bac river, its beauty has been theme of many poets, painters.

Tourism[link]

Hai Phong Cathedral (2007)

Haiphong is a famous city in the North of VietNam with many coastlines named Do Son, Cat Ba, Cat Co, Dao Khi,... Doson Casino is also a tourist attraction place.

• Cat Ba Biosphere Reserve
• Cat Ba National Park
• The Grand Catholic Cathedral
• Du Hang Pagoda
• Hang Kenh Communal House
• Do Sơn Beach
• Elephant Mountain
• Vinh Bao District
• Trang Kenh – Bach Dang
• Tien Lang Hot Water Spring Resort & Spa

Recently, in Hai Phong, a resort has just been opened. It is named "Hon Dau" resort and is located on the coast of Do Son. This resort is also the first resort in North Vietnam which encompasses 4 to 5 four star rated hotels. Additionally, it has the biggest pool in Southest Asia, a casino dedicated to only foreign visitors, and a mountain with a small view of Da Lat....

Beside this, in Cat Ba Island – 25 kilometters from the city central- there is also a resort named Cat Ba Amatina . This was located on the coast of Tung Thu beach and near the Cat Ba Biosphere Reserve . In this resort there are 3 to 7 hotels from 3 to 5 stars and 50 villas which have been building since June 2010. Restaurans, parks and markets are also be building there. It could be a good place to spend your holiday with your friends and family.

Infrastructure[link]

Transport[link]

Haiphong Port on the Cam river.

By Land

Haiphong is located near the junction of two National Highways: Route 5, leading west to Hanoi, and Route 10, leading south to Nam Dinh and connecting with National Highway 1A at Ninh Binh. Highway 356 passes west–east from the Route 5/10 junction through Haiphong's downtown area all the way to the coast. There is also a connecting road from route 5 to route 18 which connects Hai Phong and Quang Ninh province. There are several coach stations, such as Tam Bac, Niem Nghia, Cau Rao.

By sea

Hai Phong port is one of the two biggest ports in Vietnam. It is also listed in one of the most important port in the Southeast Asia. The Port of Haiphong is divided into three main terminals: Hoang Dieu terminal (Central terminal), located near the city's center; Chua Ve terminal, and Dinh Vu Terminal, both on the eastern side of town. All three terminals are located on the banks of the Cam River.^[15] Several ferry terminals connect Haiphong with the neighboring Cat Hai and Cat Ba Islands; Ben Binh Ferry terminal is located near the downtown area, while Dinh Vu Ferry is located on a spit of land on the coast. Recently, the government of Vietnam has approved the plan about building an international port in Lach Huyen – 15 kilometers from the city central. This will be one of the biggest port in Vietnam whose depth is about −14m which can receive 50000 to 100000 DWT ships.

By train

Hai Phong Railway Station, established in 1902, is the eastern terminus of the Hanoi–Hai Phong railway line, also known as the Yunnan–Vietnam Railway. Built at the initiative of the French during their occupation, the railway once connected Haiphong to the city of Kunming in China's Yunnan province, although service along the Chinese portion of the line is currently suspended. Rail travel from Haiphong is still possible, with connections to the rest of the Vietnamese railway network possible via Hanoi. Besides this, there are lots of railway roads in the whole city to served the requirement of moving goods out of and into ports.

By air

The main airport serving Hai Phong is Cat Bi International Airport, with three flights a day to Ho Chi Minh city. Recently, in April, 2011 Vietnam Airlines has just opened a new flight which connects Hai Phong and Da Nang with 5 flights a week. According to the plan of Vietnam government, there will be an international airport in Hai Phong which is located in Tien Lang district. This is planned to be the biggest airport in North Vietnam.

Health[link]

This section is empty. You can help by adding to it.

Education[link]

This section is empty. You can help by adding to it.

Notable people[link]

• Mac Dang Dung (1483–1541) king of Đại Việt country, the founder of the Mạc Dynasty
• Nguyen Binh Khiem (1491–1585) thinker, poet, prophet, Cao Dai religion saint
• Mai Trung Thu (1906–1980) painter
• Văn Cao (1923–1995) musician, poet, painter and composer of the national anthem of Vietnam Tiến Quân Ca
• Georges Condominas (1921–2011) French anthropologist, ethnologist (born in Haiphong, mother is Chinese-Vietnamese)
• Michel Henry (1922–2002) French philosopher and novelist (born in Haiphong, lived in French Indochina until he was seven years old)
• Fan Yang (1962 – ) Canadian bubble artist, 16-time Guinness World Records holder (born in Vietnam, his mother is a Haiphong native)
• Ngoc Son (1970 – ) singer, songwriter
• Tra Giang (1942 – ) film actress (born in Quang Ngai province, grew up and schooled in Haiphong)
• Phan Thi Ha Thanh (1991 – ) artistic gymnast, first gymnast to win a world medal for Vietnam gymnastics (2011)
• Tham Thuy Hang
• Nguyen Quang Rieu

Twin towns and sister cities[link]

• Da Nang, Vietnam
• Incheon, South Korea

• Seattle, USA

• Tianjin, China

• Saint Petersburg, Russia

• Vladivostok, Russia

Gallery[link]

Du Hang Pagoda   Du Hang Pagoda Architecture   The City's Opera House   Hai Phong City International Exhibition Center

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Haiphong

• Official Website of Hai Phong City
• Official Website of Haiphong Tourism.
• History of Haiphong: interactive Google Map with specific sites and historic views of the city from French colonial times.

	Hai Duong province		Quang Ninh province
		Hai Phong    East
	Thai Binh province		Gulf of Tonkin

v t e Cities in Vietnam Centrally-controlled cities Special-class Hanoi Ho Chi Minh 1st-class Can Tho Da Nang Hai Phong Provincial cities 1st-class Buon Ma Thuot Da Lat Huế Nam Dinh Nha Trang Qui Nhon Thai Nguyen Viet Tri Vinh 2nd-class Bien Hoa Ca Mau Ha Long Hai Duong Long Xuyen My Tho Phan Thiet Pleiku Thanh Hoa Vung Tau 3rd-class Bac Lieu Bac Giang Bac Ninh Bao Loc Ben Tre Cao Lanh Cam Ranh Dong Ha Dong Hoi Dien Bien Phu Ha Tinh Hoa Binh Hoi An Hung Yen Kon Tum Lang Son Lao Cai Mong Cai Ninh Binh Phan Rang-Thap Cham Phu Ly Quang Ngai Rach Gia Soc Trang Son La Tam Ky Tan An Thai Binh Tra Vinh Tuy Hoa Tuyen Quang Vi Thanh Vinh Long Vinh Yen Yen Bai

Coordinates: 20°51′N 106°41′E / 20.85°N 106.683°E / 20.85; 106.683

Overseas Vietnamese
Người Việt Hải Ngoại

Total population
~4,000,000 (estimates)
Regions with significant populations
United States 1,799,632 (2010) [1]  Cambodia 600,000 [2]  Laos 150,000  France 250,000 [3]  Australia 159,848 (2006) [4]  Canada 151,410 (2001) [5]  Taiwan 120,000 –200,000 [6][7]  Russia up to 150,000 [8]  Germany up to 125.000 (2008) [9][10]  South Korea 116,219 (2011)[11]  Czech Republic 60,000 (2008) [12]  United Kingdom 55,000 [13]  Japan 41,136 (2008) [14]  United Arab Emirates 20,000 [15]  China 20,000 [8]  Netherlands 18,913 [16]  Norway 18,333 (2006) [17]  Sweden 11,771 (2003) [18]  Poland 10,000 [8]  Thailand 10,000 [19]  Denmark 8,575 (2002) [18]  Switzerland 8,173 (2008) [20]  Qatar 8,000  Belgium 7,151 (2001) [18]  New Zealand 4,875 (2006) [21]  Ukraine 3,274 (2001) [22]  Hungary 1,020 (2001) [23]  Finland 4,000 [24]  Slovakia 2,000 [25]  Brazil 1,000  Italy 3,000 Elsewhere 400,000

Overseas Vietnamese (Vietnamese: Người Việt Hải Ngoại, which literally means "Overseas Vietnamese", or Việt Kiều, a Sino-Vietnamese word literally translating to "Vietnamese sojourner") refers to Vietnamese people living outside Vietnam in a diaspora. Of the about 3 million Overseas Vietnamese, a majority left Vietnam as refugees after 1975 as a result of the Fall of Saigon and the resulting takeover by the Communist regime.

The term "Việt Kiều" is used by people in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam to refer to ethnic Vietnamese living outside of the country, and is not a term of self-identification.^[26] The Overseas Vietnamese community itself rarely use this for self-identification, instead, most prefer the technically correct term of Người Việt Hải Ngoại (literally translating to Overseas Vietnamese), or occasionally Người Việt Tự Do (Free Vietnamese).

Vietnamese worldwide[link]

Overseas Vietnamese can be generally divided into four distinct categories that rarely interact with each other. The first category consists of people who have been living in territories outside of Vietnam prior to 1975; they usually reside in neighboring countries, such as Cambodia, Laos, and China. These people are not usually considered "Việt Kiều" by people residing in Vietnam. During French colonialism, some also migrated to France and some French-speaking areas, such as Québec. The second category, consisting of the vast majority of overseas Vietnamese, are those who escaped Vietnam after 1975 as refugees and their descendants. They usually reside in industrialized countries in North America, Western Europe, Hong Kong, Guangdong, Fujian and Australia. The third category consists of Vietnamese working and studying in the Soviet bloc who opted to stay there after the Soviet collapse. This group is found mainly in Central, Eastern Europe, and Russia. The last category consists of recent economic migrants who work in regional Asian countries such as Taiwan and Japan. They also include women who married men from Taiwan and South Korea through marriage agencies. These brides usually follow their husbands to live in those countries. In Taiwan, Vietnamese economic migrants count about half of overseas Vietnamese there, and the brides cover the rest. There is much social tensions, controversy and criticism about the latter group in Vietnam, saying them being "blinded by money" (of their foreign husband). Many are beaten.^[27] Recently a new group of Vietnamese have been emerging. These are naturally born Vietnamese who attended high school and college in the U.S. or other developed nation, or international student, called by natives as "du học sinh". After which they stay in those countries and work and live as permanent residents.

United States[link]

According to the 2010 census, near 1.8 million people who are of Vietnamese origin live in the United States, constituting about a half of all overseas Vietnamese. Out of 1,132,031 people of 25 years old or over, 30.2% doesn't have a high school diploma,21.5% are high school graduate or equivalent, 18.6% got bachelor degree, 22.8% got some college or associate's degree, 6.9% got graduate or professional degree^[1]. They tend to live in metropolitan areas in the West, especially in California and Texas. Significant areas where they are well-represented include Orange County, California, San Jose, California, and Houston, Texas. As almost all of them left Vietnam after 1975 to escape the communist Vietnamese government, they are generally antagonistic towards the current government of Vietnam.^[28][29]

As of 2010, the Vietnamese American population has grown to near 1.8 million.^[1]

Cambodia[link]

The Vietnamese constitute about 5% of the population of Cambodia<ref="cambodia"/>, and is the largest ethnic minority. Vietnamese people began migrating to Cambodia as early as the 17th century. In 1863, when Cambodia became a French colony, many Vietnamese were brought to Cambodia by the French to work on plantations and occupy civil servant positions. During the Lon Nol Regime (1970–1975) and Pol Pot regime (1975–1979), many of the Vietnamese living in Cambodia were killed. Others were either repatriated or escaped to Vietnam or Thailand. During the ten year Vietnamese occupation of Cambodia from 1979 until 1989 many of the Vietnamese who had previously lived in Cambodia returned. Along with them came friends and relatives. Also, many former South Vietnamese soldiers came to Cambodia fleeing persecution from the communist government.

Many living in Cambodia usually speak Vietnamese as their first language and have introduced the Cao Dai religion with 2 temples built in Cambodia. Many Cambodians learned Vietnamese as a result. They are concentrated in the Kratie and Takeo provinces of Cambodia, where there are villages predominate of ethnic Vietnamese.

Vietnamese people are also the top tourist in Cambodia, with 130,831, up 19 percent as of 2011.^[30]

Europe[link]

France[link]

The number of ethnic Vietnamese living in France is estimated to be around 250,000 as of 2006.

Vietnamese migrants have been coming to the country since the early 20th century due to the colonization of Vietnam by France, but they only started to become visible after the massive influx of refugees after the end of the Vietnam War in 1975. Unlike their counterparts in North America or Australia, they have not formed distinct Vietnamese enclaves within the major cities of France (although many Vietnamese-run shops can be found in the Chinatown neighborhood of Paris) and the degree of assimilation is higher than in the United States, Canada or Australia due to better cultural, historical and linguistic knowledge of the host country.

The community is still strongly attached to its homeland while being well-integrated in the French society. As the first generation of Vietnamese refugees continues to hold on to traditional values, the second generation of French-born Vietnamese strongly identifies with the French culture rather than the Vietnamese one and most of them are unable to speak and/or understand the Vietnamese language.^[31] The level of integration of immigrants and their place in French society have become prominent issues in France in the past decade, but the majority of the French people views the Vietnamese community in a much better light than other immigrant groups, partially because of their high degree of integration within the French society and their economic as well as academic success. Most of the Vietnamese migrants in France live in Paris and its surrounding areas but a sizable number also reside in the major urban centers in the south-east of the country, primarily Marseille, [Lyon]] and Bordeaux.

Germany[link]

Vietnamese comprise the largest Asian ethnic group in Germany.^[32] Today there are between 100.000 and 125.000 people of Vietnamese descent in Germany.^[9][10] In western Germany, most Vietnamese arrived in the 1960s or 1970s as refugees from the Vietnam War. The comparatively larger Vietnamese community in eastern Germany traces its origins to assistance agreements between the GDR and the North Vietnamese government. Under these agreements, guest workers from Vietnam were brought to East Germany, where they soon made up the largest immigrant group,^[33] and were provided with technical training. Following the fall of the Berlin Wall, many stayed in Germany, although they often faced discrimination, especially in the early years following reunification.

Norway[link]

This unreferenced section requires citations to ensure verifiability.

Norway has received Vietnamese refugees since 1975. They numbered about 18,300 in 2006 and are considered one of the best integrated non-western immigrant groups in Norway.

Poland[link]

Around 30,000 to 50,000 Vietnamese live in Poland, mostly in big cities.^[34] They publish a number of newspapers, both pro- and anti-Communist. The first immigrants were Vietnamese students at Polish universities in the post-World War II era. These numbers increased slightly during the Vietnam War. Most of today's immigrants arrived after 1989.^[35]

United Kingdom[link]

Vietnamese residing in the United Kingdom number around 55,000 people, which is fairly low in comparison to other European countries, and goes against the trend of the UK tending to have the largest East and South East Asian diasporas in Europe. In the 1980s, Margaret Thatcher agreed to take quotas of refugees and 12,000 boat people came to Britain^[36] There are established Vietnamese communities in Hackney and other parts of London. There are also communities in Birmingham, Manchester and other major UK cities.

Recently, the Vietnamese in Britain had risen to prominence in the British press due to criminal cannabis-growing activities and trafficking or facilitating illegal migrants.^[37]

Czech Republic[link]

Many Vietnamese immigrants in the Czech Republic reside in Prague. There is an enclave called "Little Hanoi", named after the capital city Hanoi of Vietnam. Unlike Vietnamese immigrants in Western Europe and the United States, these immigrants were usually communist cadres studying or working abroad who decided to stay after the collapse of communism in Central and Eastern Europe. The Vietnamese surname Nguyen is even listed as the most common of foreign surnames in the Czech Republic and the 9th most common surname in the country overall.^[38]

The number of Vietnamese people in the Czech Republic is estimated at between 40,000^[39] and 80,000.^[40]

Bulgaria[link]

In Bulgaria, Vietnamese people have lived since the 1960s, but most left in 1991. However, with recent immigrants their number is at around 1,500.^[41]

Russia[link]

Vietnamese people in Russia form the 72nd-largest ethnic minority community in Russia according to the 2002 census. The Census estimated their population at only 26,205 individuals, making them one of the smaller groups of Việt Kiều.^[42] However, unofficial estimates put their population as high as 100,000 to 150,000.^[8][43]

Australia[link]

Vietnamese Australians constitute the seventh-largest ethnic group in Australia, with 159,848 the population claiming to been born in Vietnam according to the 2006 Census.^[4] Vietnamese is the sixth most widely spoken language in the country, with 194,863 speakers.^[44] They vary widely in income and social class levels. Many Vietnamese Australians are upper-class professionals, while others work primarily in blue-collar jobs. Australian-born Vietnamese Australians have a higher than average rate of participation in tertiary education. In 2001 the labor participation rate for Vietnamese-born residents was 61%, only slightly lower than the level for Australian born residents (63%).^[45] Over three quarters of Vietnamese-Australians live in New South Wales (40.7%) and Victoria (36.8%). Being mostly refugees after the Vietnam War, they are generally antagonistic toward the government of Vietnam.

The popular surname Nguyễn is the seventh most common family name in Australia^[46] (second only to Smith in the Melbourne phone book).^[47]

Canada[link]

According to the 2006 census, Canada has 180,130 people who identify as ethnically Vietnamese.^[48] They include 83,330 in Ontario, 33,815 in Québec and 25,170 in Alberta. They are similar to Vietnamese Americans in most respects. Some of those lived in Québec before 1975. Vancouver is a major destination for newly arrived Vietnamese immigrants since 1980, including those of Chinese descent since Vancouver has a large Chinese population (see Chinese Canadians).

Philippines[link]

This unreferenced section requires citations to ensure verifiability.

Many Vietnamese boat refugees who crossed the South China Sea landed in the Philippines after the fall of South Vietnam in 1975. These refugees established a community called Viet-Ville (French for "Viet-Town") in Puerto Princesa, Palawan. At the time, it became the centre of Vietnamese commerce and culture, complete with Vietnamese restaurants, shops, and Catholic churches and Buddhist temples. In the decades that followed however, the Vietnamese population dwindled greatly, with many having emigrated to the United States, Canada, Australia, or Western Europe. Viet-Ville today remains a popular destination for local tourists.

Taiwan[link]

Hong Kong[link]

This unreferenced section requires citations to ensure verifiability.

Vietnamese migration to Hong Kong began after the end of the Vietnam War in 1975, when boat people took to the sea and began fleeing Vietnam in all directions. Those who landed in Hong Kong were placed in refugee camps until they could be resettled in a third country. Eventually, under the Hong Kong government's Comprehensive Plan of Action, newly arriving Vietnamese were classified as either political refugees or economic migrants. Those deemed to be economic migrants would be denied the opportunity for resettlement overseas.^{[citation needed]}

South Korea[link]

Vietnamese people in South Korea today consist mainly of migrant workers and women introduced to South Korean husbands through marriage agencies.^[49][50] There are a small number of Vietnamese people who settled in South Korea before or after 1975. In the 13th century, several thousand Vietnamese fled to Korea following the exile of the Vietnamese Lý Dynasty.^{[citation needed]}

Israel[link]

This unreferenced section requires citations to ensure verifiability.

The number of Vietnamese people in Israel is estimated at 200–400. Most of them came to Israel in between 1976 and 1979, after prime minister Menachem Begin authorized their admission to Israel and granted them political asylum. The Vietnamese people living in Israel are Israeli citizens who also serve in the Israel Defense Forces. Today, the majority of the community lives in the Gush Dan area in the center of Israel but also a few dozen Vietnamese-Israelis or Israelis of Vietnamese origin live in Haifa, Jerusalem and Ofakim.

Japan[link]

26,018 Vietnamese people resided in Japan as of 2004.^[51] Some Vietnamese students came to Japan as early as the beginning of the 20th century.^[52] However, the majority of the community is composed of refugees admitted in the late 1970s and early 1980s, as well as a smaller proportion of migrant laborers who began arriving in 1994.^[53][54]

French Guyana[link]

New Caledonia[link]

Relations with Vietnam[link]

Relations between overseas Vietnamese populations and the current government of Vietnam traditionally range between polarities of geniality and overt contempt. Generally, overseas Vietnamese residing in North America, Western Europe, and Australia (which represent the vast majority of overseas Vietnamese populations) are virulently opposed to the existing government of Vietnam.^[55][56] However, there is a smaller population of overseas Vietnamese residing in Europe (mainly in Central and East Europe) and Asia, most of whom have been sent for training in formerly communist countries. These populations generally maintain positive, or more neutral, relations with the government.^[56] Those who left prior to the political exodus of 1975 generally identify their sentiments as somewhere in between the two polarities.^[55]

However, relations seem to be improving in recent years. The former South Vietnamese prime minister Nguyễn Cao Kỳ returned to Vietnam in 2004 and was generally positive about his experience. Notable expatriate artists have returned to Vietnam to perform (some are met with scorn and boycott by the expatriate community itself after they have done so). Notably, the composer Pham Duy had returned to Ho Chi Minh City (referred to as Saigon by overseas Vietnamese)to live the rest of his life there after living in Midway City, California since 1975. The government in Vietnam used less antagonistic rhetoric to describe those who left the country after 1975. According to the Vietnamese government, while in 1987 only 8,000 overseas Vietnamese returned to Vietnam for visits, that number jumped to 430,000 in 2004.

The Vietnamese government, for its own part, had actively tried to woo back overseas Vietnamese, who bring capital and expertise. Its view of the Việt Kiều changed from "cowardly traitors" to "essential elements of Vietnamese people" (or "integral parts of the Vietnamese Nation"). The government enacted laws to make it easier for overseas Vietnamese to do business in Vietnam, including those allowing them to own land. However, some overseas Vietnamese still complain about discrimination that they face while trying to do business there. The first company in Vietnam to be registered to an Overseas Vietnamese was Highlands Coffee, a successful chain of specialty coffee shops, in 1998.^[57]

In June 2007, Vietnamese president Nguyen Minh Triet visited the United States, one of his scheduled stops was within the vicinity Orange County, home of Little Saigon, the largest Vietnamese community outside of Vietnam. Details of his plans were not announced beforehand due to concerns of massive protests. Despite these efforts, a small pro-democracy protest still occurred.^[58] Several thousand people protested in Washington, D.C. and Orange County during his visit.^[59][60]

See also[link]

• List of Vietnamese people
• Boat people
• Vietnamese Americans
• Growing Up American

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: People of Vietnamese descent

• The Viet Kieu Experience
• The Six Faces: Viet Kieu – Overseas Vietnamese
• List Of Vietnamese Professors in foreign countries
• Viet kieu invest in 1,300 domestic projects
• Viet Kieu in Vietnamese
• Viet Kieu
• Fund seeks to boost links with Viet kieu
• Business Opportunities Draw Viet Kieu Back to Vietnam
• Viet Kieu still discriminated against
• A Viet Kieu Visits Her Homeland for the First Time
• Viet Kieu by Andrew Lam
• Overseas Vietnamese Science & Technology Club- in Vietnamese (needs volunteer to translate to English)
• Reassessing what we collect website – Vietnamese London History of Vietnamese London with objects and images

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