Look up index in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

Index may refer to:

Business[link]

• Index (retailer), a defunct UK catalogue retailer formerly owned by the Littlewoods group and known as Littlewoods Index
• INDEX, a market research fair in Lucknow, India
• Index fund, a collective investment scheme
• Stock market index, a statistical average of prices of securities

Publishing[link]

• Bibliographic index, a regularly updated print periodical publication that lists articles, books, and/or other information items, usually within a particular discipline
• Index (publishing), a detailed list, usually arranged alphabetically, of the specific information in a publication
• Index (typography), a largely obsolete punctuation mark
• Index cards in a rolodex or old library card catalog, early and mid 20th century technologies for maintaining such lists
• Germany's List of Media Harmful to Young People, colloquially known as The Index, published by the Bundesprüfstelle für jugendgefährdende Medien
• Index Librorum Prohibitorum, a list of publications which the Catholic Church censored
• Index Magazine, a New York City-based publication for art and culture
• index.hu, a Hungarian-language news and community portal
• Indexed (cartoon), a Web cartoon by Jessica Hagy
• The Index, the student newspaper of Kalamazoo College
• The Index (journal), a European propaganda journal created by Henry Hotze to support the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War
• Thumb index, a round cut-out in the pages of a publication
• Toaru Majutsu no Index, a Japanese light novel, manga, and anime series
• Truman State University Index, the weekly student newspaper

Sciences[link]

• A scale (social sciences)

Biological sciences[link]

• Diversity index – a quantitative measure that increases when the number of types into which a set of entities has been classified increases, and obtains its maximum value for a given number of types when all types are represented by the same number of entities

Computer science[link]

• Lookup table, a data structure, usually an array or associative array, often used to replace a runtime computation with a simpler array indexing operation
• Array index, an integer pointer (into an array data structure) that identifies an element of the array
• A key in an associative array
• Database index, a data structure that improves the speed of data retrieval operations on a database table
• Index mapping, mapping of raw data, used directly as in array index, for an array
• Index register, a processor register used for modifying operand addresses during the run of a program
• The dataset maintained by search engine indexing
• Indexed color
• Indexed Sequential Access Method (ISAM), a method for indexing data for fast retrieval
• Subject indexing, describing the content of a document by keywords
• Web indexing (Internet indexing)
• Site map, a list of pages of a web site accessible to crawlers or users
• Webserver directory index, a default or index web page in a directory on a web server, such as index.html
• BitTorrent index, a list of .torrent files available for searches

Economics[link]

• Index (economics), a single number calculated from an array of prices and quantities
  • Price index, a typical price for some good or service

Geography[link]

• Index, New York, a hamlet in the County and Town of Otsego, New York, United States
• Index, Washington, a town in Snohomish County, Washington, United States

Library and information science[link]

• Back-of-the-book index
• Bibliographic index, a regularly updated print periodical publication that lists articles, books, and/or other information items,
• Index (publishing), a detailed list, usually arranged alphabetically, of the specific information in a publication
• Subject indexing, describing the content of a document by keywords

Linguistics[link]

• Indexicality, the variation of meaning of an utterance according to certain features of the context in which it is uttered

Mathematics[link]

• A number or other symbol that indicates the location of a variable in an indexed family or set such as a list or array of numbers or other mathematical objects, usually written as a subscript to the variable; e.g. in the list Failed to parse (Missing texvc executable; please see math/README to configure.): \lbrace x_1, x_2, x_3, x_4\rbrace

, the number Failed to parse (Missing texvc executable; please see math/README to configure.): 3

is the index of the third element, Failed to parse (Missing texvc executable; please see math/README to configure.): x_3

.

Algebra[link]

• Exponent
• The degree of an nth root
• Index of a subgroup, the number of a subgroup's left cosets (which is equal to the number of its right cosets)
• Index of a linear map, the dimension of the map's kernel minus the dimension of its cokernel
• The index of a real quadratic form Q is defined (but not always consistently) as p − q where Q can be written as a difference of p squared linear terms and q squared linear terms.

Analysis[link]

• The winding number of an oriented closed curve on a surface relative to a point on that surface; loosely speaking, the number of times the curve goes around the point counter-clockwise
• The index of a vector field v at an isolated zero is the degree of the map Failed to parse (Missing texvc executable; please see math/README to configure.): x^a \mapsto \frac{v^a(x)}{\sqrt{\sum_b(v^b(x))^2}}

, taking points near the zero into the unit sphere.

Technologies[link]

Mechanics[link]

• Indexing (motion), a kind of motion in many areas of mechanical engineering and machining

Optics[link]

• Refractive index, a measure for optical properties of transparent materials.

Other usages[link]

• Index finger, the second digit of a human hand
• Index: a Denmark nonprofit organization which promotes Design for Life
• Index Ventures, a venture capital investment firm based in Switzerland
• The Index, an item on a halo megastructure in the Halo series of video games
• The Index (Dubai), a skyscraper in Dubai
• FamilySearch Indexing
• Index Librorum Prohibitorum, a character from Toaru Majutsu no Index, otherwise shortened to simply "Index".

This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same title. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.

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Steven Wilson
Steven Wilson onstage with Blackfield, Bowery Ballroom, NYC, March 2007.
Background information
Birth name	Steven John Wilson
Born	(1967-11-03) 3 November 1967 (age 44) Kingston upon Thames, England
Genres	Progressive rock, progressive metal, psychedelic rock, art rock, ambient, krautrock, alternative rock, post-punk, jazz fusion, experimental rock.
Occupations	Musician, songwriter, producer
Instruments	Vocals, guitars, bass, piano, keyboards, mellotron, hammer dulcimer, flute, banjo, sampler, organ, harp, programming
Years active	1983–present
Associated acts	Porcupine Tree, Blackfield, No-Man, Incredible Expanding Mindfuck, Bass Communion, Opeth, Continuum, Storm Corrosion
Website	Steven Wilson Headquarters

Steven John Wilson (born 3 November 1967) is an English musician, best known as the founder, lead guitarist, singer and songwriter of progressive rock band Porcupine Tree. He is involved in many other bands and musical projects both as musician and producer (including No-Man and Blackfield) and also maintains a solo career.

Wilson is a self-taught producer, audio engineer, guitar and keyboard player, playing other instruments as and where required (including bass guitar, concert harp, hammered dulcimer and flute).

He used to split his living time between Tel Aviv and London, England,^[1] but he no longer holds a permanent residence in Tel Aviv.^[2]

Biography[link]

Background and early years[link]

Born in Kingston upon Thames, London, England^[3] (but brought up in Hemel Hempstead, Hertfordshire, England from the age of 6)^{[citation needed]}, Wilson discovered his love for music around the age of 8. It began one Christmas when his parents bought presents for each other in the form of LPs. His father and mother received Pink Floyd's The Dark Side of the Moon and Donna Summer's Love to Love You Baby, respectively. The young Steven spent much of his childhood listening to these albums in "heavy rotation", as he once commented.

Both LPs would influence his future song writing. He claims "...in retrospect I can see how they are almost entirely responsible for the direction that my music has taken ever since." His interest in Pink Floyd led him towards experimental/psychedelic conceptual progressive rock (as exemplified by Porcupine Tree and Blackfield), and Donna Summer's trance-inflected grooves inspired the initial musical approach of No-Man (Wilson's long-running collaboration with fellow musician and vocalist Tim Bowness), although the band would later develop a more meditative and experimental Talk Talk-esque approach.

As a child, Steven was forced to learn the guitar, but he did not enjoy it; his parents eventually stopped paying for lessons. However, at the age of 11 Wilson rescued a nylon string classical guitar from his attic and started to experiment with it; or in his own words, "...scraping microphones across the strings, feeding the resulting sound into overloaded reel to reel tape recorders and producing a primitive form of multi-track recording by bouncing between two cassette machines." At the age of twelve, his father, who was an electronic engineer, built him his first multi-track tape machine and a Vocoder so he could begin experimenting with the possibilities of studio recording.^[4]

Early bands[link]

It didn't take long before he began to form bands with his friends from school and play live. However, the activity which kept him satisfied the most was that of experimenting with sounds and producing the recordings he made. Between the years 1983 and 1986 he began to record material for release. Some of those tapes have recently resurfaced due to the increasing popularity of Porcupine Tree. Wilson describes it as "...a bit like a painter having his nursery school paint blots on display..."^{[citation needed]}

One of these projects was the psychedelic duo Altamont (featuring a 15-year-old Wilson working with synth/electronics player Simon Vockings). Their one and only cassette album, Prayer for the Soul, featured lyrics by British psychedelic scenester Alan Duffy, whose work Wilson would later use for two Porcupine Tree songs: "This Long Silence" and "It Will Rain for a Million Years". Around the same time that Wilson was working as Altamont, he was also in a teenaged progressive rock band called Karma, who played live around Hertfordshire and recorded two cassette albums, The Joke's On You (1983) and The Last Man To Laugh (1985). These contained early versions of "Small Fish", "Nine Cats" and "The Joke's On You", which were subsequently resurrected as Porcupine Tree songs.

Wilson went on to join the New Wave/AOR band Pride of Passion as keyboard player, replacing former Marillion keyboard player Brian Jelliman (another former Marillion member, Diz Minnitt, also played in the band). Pride of Passion would later change their name to Blazing Apostles and alter their lineup and approach, finally coming to an end in 1987.^[5][6]

Breakthrough work[link]

Up to this point Wilson's diverse musical experiments had contained avant-garde and industrial recordings, psychedelia and progressive rock. He was, however, also becoming more interested in songwriting and pop music, something that would manifest itself in his next developments.

In 1986, Wilson launched the two projects that would make his name. The first of these was initially called "No Man Is An Island (Except The Isle Of Man)", although it would later be renamed "No-Man." This began life as a solo Wilson instrumental project blending progressive rock with synth pop, subsequently moving towards art-pop when singer/lyricist Tim Bowness joined the project the following year. The second project was "Porcupine Tree", which was originally a full-on pastiche of psychedelic rock (inspired by the similar Dukes of Stratosphear project by XTC) and which was carried out for the mutual entertainment of Wilson and his schoolfriend Malcolm Stocks.

Over the next three years, the projects would evolve in parallel. No Man Is An Island (Except The Isle Of Man) was the first to release a commercial single (1989's "The Girl From Missouri", on Plastic Head Records), while Porcupine Tree built an increasing underground reputation via the release of a series of cassette-only releases via The Freak Emporium (the mail-order wing of British psychedelic label Delerium Records).

By 1990, No Man Is An Island (Except The Isle Of Man) had fully evolved into No-Man and was a voice/violin/multi-instrument trio which had incorporated dance beats into its art-pop sound. The second No-Man single – a crooned cover of the Donovan song "Colours" arranged in a dub-loop style anticipating trip-hop - won the Single of the Week award in Melody Maker and gained the band a recording contract with the high-profile independent label One Little Indian (at the time, famous for The Shamen and Björk). Their debut One Little Indian single, "Days In The Trees", won the same Single of the Week award the following year. The single also briefly charted and, although sales were not outstanding, Wilson had now gained credibility in the record industry (as well as enough finance to fit out his home studio with the equipment he’d need to advance his music). By this time, he’d also released the official, lavishly packaged Porcupine Tree debut album, On the Sunday of Life... (which compiled the best material from the underground tapes).

No-Man's debut full-length release – a compilation of EP tracks called Lovesighs – An Entertainment – followed in 1992, as did Porcupine Tree's infamous LSD-themed maxi-single "Voyage 34" which made the NME indie chart for six weeks.^[7] No-Man also toured England with a six-piece band including three ex-members of the glam-pop band Japan – Mick Karn, Steve Jansen and (most significantly) keyboardist Richard Barbieri. 1993 saw Wilson consolidating his initial success with albums from both Porcupine Tree (Up the Downstair) and No-Man (Loveblows And Lovecries – A Confession). At the end of 1993, Porcupine Tree was launched as a four-piece live band featuring Wilson, Barbieri, bass player Colin Edwin and former No-Man live drummer Chris Maitland.

From this point onwards, Wilson would alternate between Porcupine Tree and No-Man releases. Although No-Man retired from live performance in 1994 (and would not return to the stage until 2006), the band continued to release a steady stream of albums featuring guests such as Barbieri, Steve Jansen, Robert Fripp, Theo Travis and Pat Mastelotto, and has maintained a healthy cult following as well as continued critical acclaim. Porcupine Tree, meanwhile, toured frequently (steadily gaining credibility as a consistent band) and passed through various overt phases of different musical stylings (including psychedelia, progressive rock, modern guitar rock and heavy metal) while retaining the core of Wilson's sonic imagination and songwriting. By the mid-2000s Porcupine Tree had become a highly successful rock band with albums on major labels such as Atlantic and Roadrunner, with Wilson's singing, songwriting and frontman skills increasing by the year. Also by this time, Wilson had become in-demand as a producer and was being cited as an influence by various up-and-coming musicians.

Diversification[link]

During the late 90's Wilson's love of experimental, drone and ambient music began to manifest itself in a series of new projects, notably Bass Communion and Incredible Expanding Mindfuck (also known as IEM). He also began to release a series of CD singles under his own name.

Having established himself as a skilled producer with a very high standard of sound engineering, Wilson was invited to produce other artists, notably the Norwegian artist Anja Garbarek and Swedish progressive-metal band Opeth. Though he claims to enjoy production more than anything else, with the demands of his own projects, he has mostly restricted himself to mixing for other artists in the last few years.^[8]

More recently Wilson has become known for his 5.1 Surround Sound mixes: the 2007 Porcupine Tree album Fear of a Blank Planet was nominated for a Grammy in the "Best Mix For Surround Sound" category.^[9] The album was also voted #3 album of the year by Sound And Vision.^[10] Wilson is currently working on several other surround sound projects, including remixing the Jethro Tull and King Crimson back catalogue.^[11]

Steven Wilson has recently begun to write reviews for the Mexican edition of the Rolling Stone magazine. They're all translated to Spanish. Two reviews have been published so far: one for Radiohead's In Rainbows and other for Murcof's 2007 work, Cosmos.^[12] He also contributes to UK magazine Classic Rock as an occasional reviewer.

Group projects (and pseudonymous projects)[link]

Porcupine Tree[link]

Steven Wilson photo of 2007

Porcupine Tree started out as a duo of Wilson and his schoolfriend Malcolm Stocks (with Wilson providing the majority of the instrumentation and Stocks contributing mostly ideas, additional vocals and experimental guitar sounds). Wilson began experimenting by recording music in his home until he had the hunch it could become someway marketable. The material was subsequently compiled into three demo tapes (Tarquin's Seaweed Farm, Love, Death & Mussolini and The Nostalgia Factory). For the first tape, he even wrote an inlay introduction to an obscure (imaginary) band called "The Porcupine Tree", suggesting the band met in the early '70s at a rock festival, and they had been in and out of prison many times. The booklet also contained information about band's obscure members like Sir Tarquin Underspoon and Timothy Tadpole-Jones, and crew members like Linton Samuel Dawson (if put into initials forming LSD). Wilson: "It was a bit of fun. But of course like anything that starts as a joke, people started to take it all seriously!".^[13] When Wilson signed to Delerium label, he selected what he considered the best tracks from these early tapes. All those songs were mastered and made up Porcupine Tree's first official studio album, On the Sunday of Life....

Quickly after, Wilson would release the single "Voyage 34", a thirty-minute long piece that could be described as a mixture of ambient, trance and psychedelia. This was done partly as an attempt to produce the longest single yet released, which it was until it was later exceeded by The Orb's "Blue Room." With non-existent radio play "Voyage 34" still managed to enter the NME indie chart for six weeks and became an underground chill-out classic.^[7]

The second full-length album, Up the Downstair (though Wilson considers it the first 'proper' PT album since it was made as such and not simply compiled), was released in 1993 and had a very good reception, praised by Melody Maker as "a psychedelic masterpiece... one of the albums of the year".^[14] This was the first album to include ex-Japan member, keyboardist Richard Barbieri and Australian-born bassist Colin Edwin. About the end of the year, Porcupine Tree became a full band for the first time with the inclusion of Chris Maitland on drums.

Wilson continued exploring the ambient and trance grounds and issued The Sky Moves Sideways. It also entered the NME, Melody Maker, and Music Week charts^[7] and many fans started hailing them as the Pink Floyd of the nineties, something Wilson would reject: "I can't help that. It's true that during the period of 'The Sky Moves Sideways', I had done a little too much of it in the sense of satisfying, in a way, the fans of Pink Floyd who were listening to us because that group doesn't make albums any more. Moreover, I regret it".^[13]

The band's fourth work, Signify, included the first full-band compositions and performance, which resulted in less use of drum machines and a more full-band sound. It can be considered a departure from its predecessors for a more song-oriented style.^[15] After the release of the live album Coma Divine concluded their deal with Delerium in 1997, the band moved to Snapper and issued two poppier albums, Stupid Dream in 1999 and Lightbulb Sun in 2000. Both were critical successes and only increased their popularity in the underground music scene.

Two years would pass until their sixth studio album, and in the meantime the band switched labels again, this time signing to Lava, and drummer Chris Maitland was replaced by Gavin Harrison. Now with the support of a major label, In Absentia saw the light of day in 2002, featuring a heavier sound than all the group's previous works. It charted in many European countries and remains one of the top-selling Porcupine Tree albums by now; it was also their first record to be released in 5.1 Surround Sound, in a special edition of 2004 that shortly after won the "Best Made-For-Surround Title" award for the Surround Music Awards 2004. Another two years elapsed before its follow-up, Deadwing, an ambitious and very cohesive record inspired by a film script by Steven Wilson and his friend Mike Bennion, was released in May 2005. This became the first Porcupine Tree album to chart the Billboard 200, entering at #132. The album was prizewinning for the "Album of the Year" award on the Classic Rock magazine awards^[16] and its surround version received the "Best Made-For-Surround Title" once again.^[17]

Steven Wilson started writing Porcupine Tree's next album in early 2006 in Tel Aviv, Israel, alongside work on the second album for his side-project Blackfield. Writing sessions finished in London, UK, in June 2006, then in August of the same year, the band released their first live DVD, titled Arriving Somewhere... and started a tour between September and November to promote it, during which the first half of each show was made up of all-new material. When the tour concluded the band went to studio and finished recording and mastering and added the last touches to the album. In early January 2007, the band revealed the album title was going to be Fear of a Blank Planet (a deliberate reference to Public Enemy's Fear of a Black Planet), and the concept was influenced by the Bret Easton Ellis novel Lunar Park. The album hit the shops on 16 April 2007 in Europe and April 24 in USA. The lyrics revolve around common 21st Century issues such as technology alienation, teen violence, prescription drugs, attention deficit disorder and bipolar disorder.

Fear of a Blank Planet resulted in the most successful album to date in terms of market and sales, and also received the most favourable reviews of the band's whole career. It entered the Billboard 200 at #59, and charted in almost all European countries, peaking at #31 in the UK. It was nominated for a US Grammy, and won several polls as the best album of the year (e.g. Classic Rock magazine, Aardshock, The Netherlands). In July 2007 the Nil Recurring EP was released, containing other material that hadn't made it onto the album for one reason or another.

At a European show in August 2008, Wilson said that Porcupine Tree was beginning work on material for their next album with an eye toward a release in 2009.^[18] Consisting of one long 55 minute song along with 4 shorter songs on the second disc, The Incident was released on September 14, 2009.

The Incident is a double CD set containing the self-titled 55 minute song cycle on disc 1. It has received significant attention and media coverage, and achieved for the band their highest chart positions to date, reaching 5 in The Netherlands, 9 in Germany, 23 in the UK, and 25 on the Billboard 200 in the USA. The subsequent tour of the US and Europe highlighted a large increase in the band's following, with many shows sold out. The single from The Incident, "Time Flies" was available as the free download from iTunes for one week in October 2009.^[19] A new DVD release is expected in Spring 2010, and a preview appeared on the band's website in April 2010.

No-Man[link]

No-Man is Wilson's long term collaboration with singer and songwriter Tim Bowness. Influenced by everything from ambient music to hip-hop, their early singles and albums were a mixture of dance beats and lush orchestrations. However, after a few years the duo started to create more textural and experimental music, most comparable with later Talk Talk. Beginning with Flowermouth in 1994, they have worked with a very wide palette of sounds, and many guest musicians, blending balladry with both acoustic and electronic sounds. No-Man was the first Wilson project to achieve any degree of success, signing with UK independent label One Little Indian (the label of Björk, The Shamen and Skunk Anansie among others), and releasing a string of critically acclaimed singles. The band remains an ongoing, predominantly studio-based project and continues to produce material, although it has never achieved the same level of commercial success as Porcupine Tree.

I.E.M.[link]

In 1996 came the first in a series of albums by I.E.M. (The Incredible Expanding Mindfuck, a name which had also been considered for Porcupine Tree in its infancy), dedicated to exploring Wilson's love of krautrock and experimental rock music. Initially Wilson had planned for the project to be anonymous, but then label Delerium Records published a song on their Pick N Mix compilation with the composition credited to "Steven Wilson" and so attempts to pass off the project in this way were abandoned.^[20] The project released 2 more albums Arcadia Son, and IEM Have Come For Your Children, both in 2001. A box set of 4 CDs, consisting of everything Wilson recorded under the name - billed as "an homage and a final farewell to I.E.M." - was released in June 2010.

Bass Communion[link]

In 1998 Wilson launched another solo project Bass Communion, dedicated to recordings in an ambient, drone, and/or electronic vein. The atmosphere of the music has tended towards the dark and melancholic, but expressed with an almost Zen-like beauty. More recently Wilson has also started working with a guitar and laptop configuration to create fuzzy power drones. So far there have been several full length Bass Communion CDs, vinyl LPs, and singles, many of them issued in handmade or limited editions (which sell out very quickly) in elaborate packaging. Bass Communion has collaborated with many leading experimental musicians such as Muslimgauze, Robert Fripp, Vidna Obmana (on the ongoing Continuum project), Jonathan Coleclough, Colin Potter, Andrew Liles, and several others.

Steven Wilson during a Blackfield performance at New York, in 2005

Blackfield[link]

In 2001 Wilson met and began to collaborate with Israeli rock star Aviv Geffen, with whom he created the band Blackfield. Since then the duo have released three highly acclaimed albums of what they refer to as "melodic and melancholic rock". The albums spawned several hits, notably "Blackfield", "Pain" and "Once". The band has toured several times, and a live DVD of their show in New York was released in 2007. A third album, titled "Welcome to my DNA" was released on 28 March 2011 with a European and American tour to follow.

Storm Corrosion[link]

In March 2010 Wilson and Mikael Åkerfeldt, the front man of Opeth decided to work on a new project as a collaboration under the name of Storm Corrosion. The self-titled album is set to be released in April 2012 on Roadrunner Records. It has been described as being "the final part in the odd trilogy of records completed by (Opeth's) Heritage and Steven Wilson's brand new solo album Grace for Drowning.^[21][22]

Solo career[link]

Cover Versions[link]

Between 2003 and 2010 Wilson released a series of six two-track CD singles under his own name, each one featuring a cover version and an original Steven Wilson song. The choice of covers is unpredictable, featuring songs by Canadian singer Alanis Morissette, Swedish pop group Abba, UK rock band The Cure, Scottish songwriter Momus, Prince, and Scottish singer/songwriter Donovan.

Separate from the Cover Versions series, Wilson has also contributed a cover version of the Cardiacs song "Stoneage Dinosaurs" to Leader Of The Starry Skies: A Tribute To Tim Smith, Songbook 1 (a fundraising compilation album released in December 2010 to benefit the hospitalised Cardiacs leader Tim Smith, whom Wilson has cited as a major inspiration spiritually, if not necessarily in style).^[23]

[edit] Insurgentes

In November 2008 Wilson released his first official solo album, Insurgentes, recorded all over the world between January–August, as a double CD plus a DVD-A (limited to 3,000 copies) and a 4 x 10 inch vinyl version (limited to 1,000 copies), both with hardback book featuring the images of acclaimed and long time collaborator Danish photographer Lasse Hoile. A standard retail CD version (also including the 5.1 DVD-A) was released on 9 March 2009.^[24]

Lasse Hoile's full length feature version of the film based on the recording of the album was premiered at the CPH:DOX international film festival in Copenhagen in November 2009. The film will also be screened at film festivals in Sweden, Germany, Mexico, USA, and Canada. The film is described as part documentary / part surreal road movie. Lasse also directed a video for the song Harmony Korine from the Insurgentes album - the video was a homage to some of Steven and Lasse's favourite European art house films, and has been nominated for Best Cinematography Award and Best Music Video Award at the prestigious Plus Camerimage - International Film Festival of the Art of Cinematography Awards.

A remix mini album was released in November, featuring remixes of material from Insurgentes by TV on the Radio's David A. Sitek, Dälek, Engineers, Pat Mastelotto, and Fear Falls Burning.

[edit] Grace for Drowning

Wilson's second album, Grace For Drowning, was released in September 2011 in CD, vinyl and Blu-ray formats.^[25] It is a double album, with the individual parts named Deform to Form a Star and Like Dust I Have Cleared From My Eye.^[26] He also announced his first solo tour, in Europe and North America, to promote his solo albums. The tour took place in October and November 2011 and contained songs from both Insurgentes and Grace for Drowning.^{[citation needed]}

On December 16, 2011, Wilson announced on his Facebook page new European tourdates for the second leg of his Grace for Drowning tour, running in April and May 2012. South American dates were later added and announced in February 21, 2012, including Venezuela, Chile, Argentina and Brazil^[27].

Third solo studio album[link]

Wilson has announced plans to do a third solo studio album, with the members of the touring band for Grace for Drowning.^[28]

Collaborations[link]

He produced and contributed backing vocals, guitar and keyboards for Opeth on the albums Blackwater Park, Deliverance, and Damnation. In addition to this, he has collaborated on many projects with Belgian experimental musician Dirk Serries of Vidna Obmana and Fear Falls Burning, most notably on their collaboration project Continuum which has so far produced two albums. Wilson is also featured on a Fovea Hex EP "Allure" (Part 3 of the "Neither Speak Nor Remain Silent" trilogy of EP's) on bass guitar. This EP was released in April 2007 through Die-Stadt Musik.

Steven Wilson has also worked with OSI, Marillion, JBK, Orphaned Land, Paatos, Theo Travis, Yoko Ono, Fish, Cipher and Anja Garbarek performing songwriting duties as well as performing musically. Most recently, Wilson is featured on the Pendulum album "Immersion", with his vocals featuring on "The Fountain".^[29] He made a guest appearance on Dream Theater's 2007 album, Systematic Chaos on the song "Repentance", as one of several musical guests recorded apologizing to important people in their lives for wrongdoings in the past.

Wilson did an interview with German musician and composer Klaus Schulze. Schulze was an important figure of the Krautrock movement. This interview is featured as bonus material in Schulze's Live DVD, Rheingold.^[30]

The Anathema album, We're Here Because We're Here, was mixed by Wilson in a period beginning January 2010 and he is thanked in the album liner notes.^[31] A current ongoing project for Wilson is remixing the back catalogue of King Crimson from 1969 to 1984 into MLP (Meridian Lossless Packaging) 5.1 and new stereo mixes.^[32] The first three new editions were issued in October 2009, with more emerging in batches over the coming years.^[33]

Performance style[link]

For live shows Wilson plays with bare feet. This particular custom goes back to his early childhood, where he remembers: "I always had a problem wearing shoes and I've always gone around with bare feet".^[34] He also adds that another factor on performing barefoot is the advantage it gives in operating his diverse guitar pedals.^[35]

Wilson:

"I’ve stepped on nails, screws, drawing pins, stubbed my toe, I’ve come off stage with blood just coming out… I mean, I’ve had it all mate, but to be honest, nothing's going to stop me."^[34]

Discography[link]

See also[link]

• List of hammered dulcimer players

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Steven Wilson

• Steven Wilson Headquarters
• Steven Wilson's Complete Discography
• Chemical Harvest - French Porcupine Tree & Steven Wilson Site
• Steven Wilson at last.fm
• The Seaweed Farm - Steven Wilson related news
• Aural Innovations Review/Interview
• Steven Wilson French Site - Steven Wilson French Site (since 2008)

This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (February 2011)

Mami Kawada (川田まみ, Kawada Mami^?, born February 13) is a Japanese pop singer^[1] from Sapporo, Japan who is currently signed to Geneon Entertainment. She is a member of the I've Sound who performs soundtracks for eroge games and anime. Some of her music was used as the opening or ending themes for anime series such as Please Teacher!, Please Twins!, Starship Operators, Shakugan no Shana, Baldr Force EXE Resolution OVA and Hayate the Combat Butler. Her debut single "Radiance", released on February 23, 2005, was used as the opening theme for the anime Starship Operators. Her most successful single was "Joint," released on October 31, 2007, and used as the first opening theme for the sequel of Shakugan no Shana, Shakugan no Shana II.

Biography[link]

Debut[link]

Mami Kawada's vocal talent was first discovered by Eiko Shimamiya, who was her teacher at a vocal school in Sapporo, Hokkaido. She was introduced to I've Sound, a music production group whom Shimamiya was a member of. Kawada would later become a member of I've Sound. In 2001, she released her debut song with I've Sound was "Kaze to Kimi wo Daite" (風と君を抱いて^?), which was the opening theme for the eroge miss you. The song was featured in the I've Sound's 5th Compilation Album Out Flow.

In 2002, she began performing anime theme songs, as well as theme songs for visual novels. Her first anime song was "Sora no Mori de" (空の森で^?), which serves as the ending theme for the anime Please Teacher!, while co-I've Sound singer Kotoko performed the opening theme "Shooting Star". In the same year, Kawada and Shimamiya grouped themselves as the band Healing Leaf and performed theme songs for some visual novels.^[which?] Only one of the songs, however, was featured in the I've Girls Compilation, "Ame ni Utau Ballad" (雨に歌う譚詩曲^?).

In mid-2003, she performed the ending theme of the anime Please Twins!, the sequel to Please Teacher!, "Asu e no Namida" (明日への涙^?) while Kotoko performed the opening theme "Second Flight" together with J-pop singer Hiromi Satō.

[edit] Seed (2005–2006)

In 2005, Mami Kawada signed a contract with Geneon Entertainment and released her major debut single "Radiance / Chi ni Kaeru: On the Earth", which was used as the opening theme for the anime Starship Operators. This marked the beginning of her career as a songwriter/vocalist. "Radiance" was written by her and accompanied by Kotoko. She began to write her own lyrics in her following releases.

In late 2005, she released her second single "Hishoku no Sora" (緋色の空^?, Scarlet-Colored Sky), which became the opening theme for the anime series Shakugan no Shana. It became her best-selling single and sold approximately 37,000 copies, garnering 11th in the Oricon weekly charts.

In March 2006, Kawada and Kotoko released a split single for the OVA adaptation of the game Baldr Force. Kawada performed the ending theme, "Undelete," while Kotoko performed the opening theme "Face of Fact (Resolution ver.)", a remix of her first song which was featured in the game version. Four weeks after the release of this split single, Kawada released her debut album Seed, which contained seven new songs, four songs from her first three singles, and one visual novel theme song which was released back in 2004^[which?]. The album reached #12 in the Oricon weekly charts and charted for five weeks selling more than 25,000 units.

After almost two months, Mami Kawada had her first live tour wherein she performed her album songs live and distributed a pamphlet CD containing two songs—one instrumental, and her first composed song "Carpe Diem".

[edit] Savia (2007)

After her success with "Hishoku no Sora", Kawada performed an insert song for the Shakugan no Shana movie "Akai Namida" (赤い涙, Red Tears^?) in May 2007. She also sang "Tenjou wo Kakeru Monotachi" (天壌を翔る者たち^?), the movie's ending theme together with Kotoko, Shimamiya, Mell and Kaori Utatsuki under the name Love Planet Five.

Three months later, she performed the second ending theme of the series Hayate the Combat Butler "Get My Way!". This single is different from her previous singles, since the song has a more punk rock feel.

Soon after, Kawada came back with a more developed rock sound, evident in her opening theme single for the second installment of the anime series Shakugan no Shana, "Joint", as well as the ending theme "Triangle". "Joint" was released on October 31, 2007 and marked her first top 10 single entry since it reached #9 in its first week on the Oricon weekly charts. Overall, it sold 36,572 copies and charted for a total 19 weeks making this her longest-charting single.

After Kawada's success with her fifth single, she made her first live tour outside Japan, on January 19, 2008, at the KHS Hall in Taiwan.

In late March 2008, Kawada released her second album Savia, which contained nine new songs. The album included the final ending theme to the second installment of Shakugan no Shana, "Sense", as well as her first non-anime theme song and four songs from the three singles she released^[which?]. Although it did not do well in the Oricon charts, after less than six months, Kawada had her second live tour for her second album.

[edit] Linkage (2008–2010)

After a year of not releasing a single, Kawada performed the opening themes of the anime series Toaru Majutsu no Index, "PSI-Missing" and "Masterpiece". Both of the coupling songs, "Ame" (雨^?) and "Jellyfish", were also used as insert songs in the series. In autumn 2008, Kawada established her official website together with her official fan club "M.A.L.L.", which stands for "Mami Artist Lasting Live."

In June 2009, Kawada released her maxi single "L'Oiseau bleu". This single is also present in the I've Sound 10th Anniversary 「Departed to the future」 Special CD BOX, which was released earlier by the group on March 25, 2009.

Kawada also performed the opening and ending themes for the original video animation series of Shakugan no Shana, Shakugan no Shana S, which was her fifth time performing for the anime series. The opening theme "Prophecy" came out as a maxi single on November 18, 2009 while the ending theme "All in Good Time", was not included in the single.

On March 24, 2010, Kawada released her third album Linkage, which contains 13 tracks. Her latest singles "PSI-Missing," "Masterpiece" and "Prophecy" were all included in the album. The album also contained the ending theme Shakugan no Shana S, "All in Good Time", as well as a cover of the song "Dreams", originally performed by the Irish rock band The Cranberries. After two weeks, Kawada had her third live tour to promote her latest album.

Kawada started writing lyrics for other I've singers. Her first song written for other I've Sound members was "A piece of my heart", the ending theme for the eroge Koi to Senkyo to Chocolate, sung by newcomer Nami Maisaki, who became an I've singer in May of that year.^[2]

2010 to present[link]

After another year of not releasing a single, Kawada performed the opening theme of the second season of the anime series Toaru Majutsu no Index, "No buts!", which eventually became her highest charting single to date reaching #6 on its first week in the Oricon weekly charts.^[3][4]

On February 16, 2011, she released her 10th single "See visionS", the second opening theme for the second season of Toaru Majutsu no Index. Four months later, she wrote the lyrics for the song "Lead to the smile", the solo debut of I've singer Rin Asami, who started her career that year. She also performed the second opening theme of the third installment of Shakugan no Shana "Serment". The song was released as a single on February 1, 2012. She also performed the song "u/n" which served as the ending theme of episode 15 of Shakugan no Shana Final as well as that series' final ending theme "Kōbō" (光芒, Beam of Light^?). She is set to release a new album titled Square the circle in August 2012.

Discography[link]

• Seed (2006)
• Savia (2008)
• Linkage (2010)
• Square the circle (2012)
• Borderland (Single, 30.05.2012)

Live performances[link]

• I've in BUDOKAN 2005 ～Open the Birth Gate～ (October 15, 2005)
• MAMI KAWADA FIRST LIVE TOUR 2006 "SEED" (May 20, 2006)
• MAMI KAWADA 2008 January LIVE IN TAIWAN (January 19, 2008)
• Mami Kawada Official Fan Club Establishment Commemoration Event Special Video Concert "MAMI KAWADA 2008 January LIVE IN TAIWAN"
• MAMI KAWADA LIVE TOUR 2008 "SAVIA"
• I've in BUDOKAN 2009 ～Departed to the Future～ (January 2, 2009)
• MAMI KAWADA LIVE IN SHIBUYA 2011 "See visionS" (May 4 and May 5, 2011)

References[link]

External links[link]

• Geneon page (Japanese)
• Official Website (Japanese)
• I've Sound Explorer (Japanese)
• I've Sound Forum (Chinese)
• Oricon Profile (Japanese)
• Twitter profile (Japanese)
• Mami Kawada at Anime News Network's Encyclopedia
• Mami Kawada discography at MusicBrainz