Official name	Dordrecht
Flag size	120x100px
Image shield	Dordrecht.svg
Shield size	120x100px
Coordinates display	inline,title
Coordinates region	NL
Subdivision type	Country
Subdivision name	Netherlands
Subdivision type1	Province
Subdivision name1	South Holland
Area footnotes	(2006)
Area total km2	99.45
Area land km2	79.53
Area water km2	19.92
Population as of	30 November 2009
Population note	Source: CBS, Statline.
Settlement type	Municipality
Population total	118601
Population density km2	1491
Timezone	CET
Utc offset	+1
Timezone dst	CEST
Utc offset dst	+2
Latns	N
Longew	E
Website	www.dordrecht.nl }}

Dordrecht (), colloquially Dordt , historically in English named Dort, is a city and municipality in the western Netherlands, located in the province of South Holland. It is the fourth largest city of the province, having a population of 118,601 in 2009. The municipality covers the entire Dordrecht Island, also often called ''Het Eiland van Dordt'' (the Island of Dordt), bordered by the rivers Oude Maas, Beneden Merwede, Nieuwe Merwede, Hollands Diep, and Dordtsche Kil. Dordrecht is the largest and most important city in the Drechtsteden and is also part of the Randstad, the main conurbation in the Netherlands. Dordrecht is the oldest city in Holland and has a rich history and culture.

Etymology

The name Dordrecht comes from ''Thyre'', the name of a river, and Middle Dutch ''drecht'' "ford", meaning "Thure river crossing". Some documentation speaks of the river actually being called Thuredrith. Inhabitants of Dordrecht are ''Dordtenaren'' (singular: ''Dordtenaar''). Dordrecht is informally called ''Dordt'' by its inhabitants. In earlier centuries, Dordrecht was a major trade port, well-known to British merchants, and was called Dort in English.

History

Early History

The city was formed along the Thure river, in the midst of peat swamps. This river was a branch of the river Dubbel and ran approximately near the current Bagijnhof. Around 1120 the first reference to Dordrecht was made by a remark that count Dirk IV was murdered 1049 near "''Thuredrech''". Dordrecht was granted city rights by William I, Count of Holland, in 1220, making it the oldest city in the present province of South Holland. In fact, Geertruidenberg was the first city in the historical county of Holland to receive city rights, but this municipality currently is part of the province of Noord-Brabant.

In the 12th and 13th centuries, Dordrecht developed into an important market city because of its strategic location. It traded primarily in wine, wood and cereals. Dordrecht was made even more important when it was given staple right in 1299.

In 1253 a Latin school was founded in Dordrecht. It still exists today as the Johan de Witt Gymnasium and is the oldest gymnasium in the Netherlands. From 1600 to 1615 Gerhard Johann Vossius was rector at this school.

On 17 April 1421, the Saint Elisabeth's flood flooded large parts of southern Holland, causing Dordrecht to become an island. Over 100,000 people died in the flood.

Union of Dordrecht

thumb|right|Dordrecht around 1565, by Jacob van DeventerIn 1572, four years into the Dutch Revolt, representatives of all the cities of Holland, with the exception of Amsterdam, as well as the Watergeuzen, represented by William II de la Marck, gathered in Dordrecht to hold the ''Eerste Vrije Statenvergadering'' ("First Assembly of the Free States"), also known as the ''Unie van Dordrecht'' ("Union of Dordrecht"). This secret meeting, called by the city of Dordrecht, was a rebellious act since only King Philip II or his stadtholder, at that time the Duke of Alva, were allowed to call a meeting of the states.

During the meeting, the organization and financing of the rebellion against the Spanish occupation was discussed, Phillip II was unanimously denounced and William of Orange was chosen as the new stadtholder and recognized as the official leader of the revolt. Orange was promised financial support of his struggle against the Spanish and at his own request, freedom of religion was declared in all of Holland.

The gathering is regarded as the first important step towards the free and independent Dutch Republic. Other gatherings such as the Union of Brussels (1577) and the Union of Utrecht (1579) paved the way for official independence of the Netherlands, declared in the Act of Abjuration in 1581.

The Union of Dordrecht was held in an Augustinian monastery, nowadays simply called ''het Hof'' ("the Court"). The room in which the meeting was held is called ''de Statenzaal'' ("The Hall of States") and features a stained glass window in which the coats of arms of the twelve cities that were present at the meeting can be seen.

Synod of Dordrecht

In 1618/1619, an important religious meeting took place in Dordrecht, called the Synod of Dordrecht. It settled a theological dispute between the orthodox Calvinists and the liberal Arminians that had brought the country on the brink of civil war. The Arminians were defeated, resulting in the formulation of the Canons of Dort.

The Patriots movement

From 1780 to 1787, Dordrecht was home to the Patriots faction which intended to remove the hereditary Stadtholder position held by the House of Orange-Nassau. The Netherlands was after all a republic ''de jure''. Soon after, more cities followed and William V fled from Holland. But his brother-in-law, King Frederick William II of Prussia, came to the aid of William V and on 18 September 1787, Dordrecht capitulated to Prussian troops. The Patriots were defeated and Willem V was restored in his position as Stadtholder.

Modern history

In the 18th century, the importance of Dordrecht began to wane, and Rotterdam became the main city in the region. Yet throughout the centuries, Dordrecht held a key position in the defense of Holland. It hosted an army division well into the 20th century. During the mobilization of August 1939, infantry and artillery were sent to Dordrecht to defend the island.When the Germans invaded the Netherlands on the 10th of May 1940 German paratroopers landed in Dordrecht. After fierce fighting they overtook the bridges Dordrecht-Moerdijk and Dordrecht-Zwijndrecht.Many buildings in Dordrecht were destroyed.

At the end of the Second World War, during the winter of 1944–45, Dordrecht and its surroundings were in the middle between the opposing armies. The border between occupied and liberated regions ran along the Hollands Diep.Dordrecht was finally liberated by the Canadian Army

In 1970, the municipality Dubbeldam (then ca. 10,000 inhabitants) and the southern part of the municipality of Sliedrecht were incorporated into Dordrecht, making Dordrecht Island one municipality.

Districts

Dordrecht is divided into 27 districts, neighbourhoods and hamlets: {| width="60%" | width="50%"|

''Binnenstad'' (“city centre”, district 1)

''Reeland'' (district 2)

''De Staart'' (district 3)

''Oud-Krispijn'' (district 4)

''Stadspolders'' (district 5)

''Wielwijk'' (district 6)

''Crabbehof'', ''Zuidhoven'' (district 7)

''Sterrenburg'' (district 8)

''Dubbeldam'' (former village, now district 9)

''Kop van 't Land'' (hamlet)

''Tweede Tol'' (hamlet)

''Wieldrecht'' (hamlet)

''Willemsdorp'' (hamlet)

| width="50%"|

''Noordflank''

''Nieuw-Krispijn''

''Bleyenhoek''

''Land van Valk''

''Oudelandshoek''

''Zeehavenlaan''

''Lijnbaan''

''Klein Dubbeldam''

''De Hoven''

''Zuidpolder''

''Transvaalbuurt''

''Indische buurt''

''Vogelbuurt''

''Van Gogh-buurt''

|}

Demography

In 2008, around 17% of the population of Dordrecht was of non-Western origin. Between 2005 and 2008, this number has not changed. The allochthonous population consists for a large part of young people while the indigenous population has started to age very quickly. Over six thousand Turks live in Dordrecht, many of whom are originally from Kayapinar.

According to the Social Geographical Office of Dordrecht, the population consisted of the following ethnic groups in 2005 and 2008;

Population of Dordrecht
Ethnic group
Native Dutch
Moroccans
Surinameses
Total

Culture

Because of its long and important role in Dutch history, Dordrecht has a rich culture. The medieval city centre is home to over 950 monuments. The city also houses 7 churches and 6 museums in a relatively small area and hosts many festivals and events every year.

Places of interest

The Onze-Lieve-Vrouwe-Kerk ('Our Dear Lady Church') or simply the Grote Kerk ('Big Church') was built between 1285 and 1470. The 65-meter tower contains a carillon with 67 bells including one weighing 9830 kilos, making it the heaviest bell in the Netherlands.

The Augustijnenkerk ('Church of the Augustins') was built around 1293 and is currently owned by the Dutch Reformed Church. The church includes the Augustinian Monastery ''het Hof'' ('the Court') which was built in 1275 and was the location of the First Assembly of the Free States.

The Nieuwkerk ('New Church') or St Nicolaas Kerk was built in 1175 and is, ironically considering its name, the oldest building in Dordrecht.

The Munt van Holland ('Mint of Holland'), mint built in 1366. The majority of the coins used in the region of Holland in the Middle Ages were struck here. Nowadays, the building houses a music school.

Kyck over den Dyck ('View over the Dike'), the last windmill in Dordrecht. It was built in 1612 and used to produce malt that was used by Dordts beer brewers.

The Groothoofdspoort ('Big Head's Gate') is the original city gate of Dordrecht, built in the 14th and 15th centuries. It is situated at the point where the rivers the Meuse, the Merwede, and the Rhine meet.

Arend Maartenshof (Arend Maarten's Court), built in 1625.

Stadhuis city hall, built in 1383.

Statue of Ary Scheffer (1861), by Joseph Mezzara.

Statue of Johan and Cornelis de Witt (1918), by Toon Depuis.

River quay.

Canals.

Merchant houses.

Museums

The following museums are located in Dordrecht:

Dordrechts Museum, informally called ''Schilderijenmuseum'' (the paintings museum). Every summer, its garden, known as ''de Museumtuin'', (the Museum garden), hosts the showing of several art house films that gained significant attention in the previous year. Re-opened in late 2010 after an extensive renovation.

Simon van Gijnmuseum, named after honorary citizen Simon van Gijn and winner of the museum prize 2004–2005, awarded by the Prins Bernhard Cultuurfonds.

Nationaal Landschapskundig Museum, (National Museum of Landscaping)

Lips Slotenmuseum, (Lips Museum of Locks) The museum has closed down and it is not known when or indeed if the inventory will be on display again.

Museum 1940–1945, also known as ''het Verzetsmuseum'' (the Resistance museum).

Naaimachinemuseum Dordrecht, (Museum of Sewing machines Dordrecht)

Events and festivals

Dordrecht hosts around 20 cultural and historical events and festivals each year. The city won the title of "Best events city of the year" in 2003 and was nominated for the same title in 2004 and 2005.

''Dordt in Stoom'' (literally: Dordt in steam) is the biggest steam event in Europe during which historical steam trains, steam boats etc. can be seen in action. It is organized every other year and attracts a quarter of a million visitors. Attention is also paid to Dordrecht’s art and architecture during ''Kunstrondje Dordt'' (literally: Little art circle Dordt) and ''Dordt Monumenteel'' (Dordt Monumental), which attracts around 100.000 visitors ever year.

Dordrecht hosts the second largest book market and the largest Christmas market in the Netherlands.

''Wantijfestival'' is an out-doors music festival that has been held annually in the second week of June since 1995. It takes place in the Wantij park and attracts around 35.000 people each year. Wantij park also hosts the ''Wantijconcerten'' (Wantij concerts) that are held every Monday night in July and August. Other popular music festivals held in Dordrecht are the ''World Jazz dagen'' (World Jazz days) held annually in August or September, the ''Dancetour'' or ''Boulevard of Dance'', which takes place on Queensday, ''Big Rivers Festival'', a film, music, poetry and theatre festival held in June, and the Cello festival, held every four years in the weekend of the Ascension.

Dordrecht’s annual fun fair is among the highest-ranked in the Netherlands and the International Puppet festival, held in June, includes performances from artists from all over the world, including Italy, Germany, Taiwan, Israel and the US.

A website with a list of the festivals in the city Dordrecht : Dordrecht Festivals

Folklore

During Carnaval, Dordrecht is called ''Ooi- en Ramsgat'' (Ewe's and Ram's hole), and its inhabitants are ''Schapenkoppen'' (Sheepheads). This name originates from an old folk story. Import of meat or cattle was taxed in the 17th century. To avoid having to pay, two men dressed up a sheep they had bought outside the city walls, attempting to disguise it as a man. The sheep was discovered because it bleated as the three men (two men and one sheep) passed through the city wall gate. There is a special monument of a man and his son trying to hold a sheep disguised as a man between them, that refers to this legend. The logo of Dordrecht’s professional football club FC Dordrecht includes the head of a ram and its supporters are known to sing ''Wij zijn de Dordtse schapenkoppen'' (we are the Dorsts sheep heads) during matches. There is also a cookie called ''Schapenkop'' (sheep head) which is a specialty of Dordrecht.

There are many more legends about Dordrecht. One of them is about Saint Sura, a young woman who planned on building an entire church with only three coins in her purse. She was murdered because of her supposed wealth.

Another legend is about the house called ''de Onbeschaamde'' (the Unembarrassed). It is about the three brothers Van Beveren who each wanted to build a house and decided to hold a bet on who dared to place the most risky statue on their façade. One of the brothers, Abraham van Beveren, placed a naked little boy on his façade. However, the house that supposedly won has an empty façade today because, according to the story, the statue was so risky that it was removed.

A well known saying about Dordrecht is ''Hoe dichter bij Dordt, hoe rotter het wordt'' (the closer to Dordrecht, the more rotten it gets). The previous mayor Noorland added to that; ''maar ben je er eenmaal in, dan heb je het prima naar je zin'' (but once you’re in it, you’re perfectly content). The saying can probably be explained as follows; traffic used to go by water and whoever came close to Dordrecht was obliged, according to staple right, to display their merchandise for a couple of days before being allowed to sail on. This caused loss of time and caused products to become rotten. Another explanation is derived from ''Bommel is rommel, bij Tiel is niet viel en hoe dichter bij Dordt hoe rotter het wordt'' which is supposed to be said by farmers describing the bad quality of the land close to the rivers Maas and Waal, only suitable for harvesting reed.

Nature

The Sliedrechtse Biesbosch, east of Dordrecht, and the Dordtse Biesbosch, south of Dordrecht, together form the Hollandse Biesbosch which is a part of the national park the Biesbosch, one of the largest national parks in the Netherlands and one of the last freshwater tide areas in Europe. The Dordtse Biesbosch has several recreational areas that are used for walking, rowing and swimming.

Dordts

Dordts is a dialect of Dutch traditionally spoken by the working class of Dordrecht. It is categorized under the Hollandic accents but also has characteristics of Zeelandic and Brabantian.

Typical features of Dordts are:

Using the diminutive suffix ''-ie'' or ''-tie'' in cases where standard Dutch uses ''-je''. (e.g. Standard Dutch: appeltje (“little apple”) Dordts: appeltie)

Words borrowed from Brabantian such as ''akkerdere'' (“lit. to knock or to fit, fig. “to get along”)

The Dutch diphthongs ''ei'' and ''ui'' tend to be pronounced more like ''èè'' and ''öö''. Recently, the ''ei''-sound has started to be pronounced more like ''ai''.

In the 20th century, Dordts has slowly started to disappear as more and more people have started speaking standard Dutch. The strongest Dorts dialect is nowadays found in the working class neighborhoods bordering the city centre.

Other

On 14 November 1992 and again on 12 November 2011, the arrival of the popular holiday figure Sinterklaas was held in Dordrecht and broadcasted on national television.

Economy

The current economy of Dordrecht is based on ship building, wood industry, and steel industry. The city has the sixth largest sea port in the Netherlands. One of the largest employers on Dordrecht Island is DuPont de Nemours (Nederland) B.V. It has 9 factories here with a workforce of 900 people.

Together with Zwijndrecht, Papendrecht, and Sliedrecht (the "''Drecht'' Cities"), Dordrecht is planning a new ambitious vision to revitalize the region's economy, moving from industry to more business services.

In development are the "Learning" and "Health" Business Parks. The Learning Park is intended to have of space for educational institutions. In the Health Park, a wide range of health services will be located, with the Dordwijk Campus of the Albert Schweitzer Hospital as focal point. Other services include a blood bank, pharmacy, and mental health clinic.

Near the Health Park a new Sport Park will be built. A new large sport centre, the equivalent size of 3 soccer fields, is planned complete with gyms, skating rink, and a pool. Next to this Sport Park, a huge outdoor event terrain will be established.

Shopping

Shopping in the centre of Dordrecht is centred around the Voorstraat, the Sarisgang and the Statenplein (Staten square). The Voorstraat is 1200 meter long, making it the longest shopping street in the Netherlands. Markets are held every Friday and Saturday on the Statenplein and in the Sarisgang and on Tuesday in Dubbeldam.

Government and politics

College van B&W;

In February 2010, the College van Burgemeester en Wethouders ('Board of Mayor and Aldermen') in Dordrecht consisted of the following:

A.A.M. (Arno) Brok, mayor since 02-03-2010.

J.W. Spigt, alderman since 12-23-2008.

A.T. Kamsteeg, alderman since 12-23-2008.

F.J. van den Oever, alderman since 02-17-2009.

D.A. van Steensel, alderman since 02-17-2009.

J.H. Lagendijk, alderman since 02-17-2009.

Local election

The results of the Dutch municipal elections, 2006 in Dordrecht were as follows;

ALIGN="right" ALIGN="right" ALIGN="right" ALIGN="right" ALIGN="right" ALIGN="right" ALIGN="right" ALIGN="right" ALIGN="right" ALIGN="right"

Dutch municipal elections of 2006
Party	Votes in %
Partij van de Arbeid (Nederland)	PvdA	29.4||ALIGN="right"|12
Volkspartij voor Vrijheid en Democratie	VVD	15.1||ALIGN="right"|6
BV Dordt	14.9||ALIGN="right"|6
Christen-Democratisch Appèl	CDA	10.5||ALIGN="right"|4
ChristenUnie-Staatkundig Gereformeerde Partij	SGP	8.5||ALIGN="right"|3
GroenLinks	7.3||ALIGN="right"|3
Verenigde Senioren Partij	VSP	6.8||ALIGN="right"|2
ECODORDT	4.6||ALIGN="right"|2
Democraten 66	D66	2.9||ALIGN="right"|1
''Turnout''	''48.6''||ALIGN="right"|39

Partner cities

Partner cities of Dordrecht are:

Hastings in England

Recklinghausen in Germany, since 1974

Bamenda in Cameroon, since 1993

Varna in Bulgaria, since 2001

Dordrecht in South Africa, since 2006

Public transport

Dordrecht is well connected to the Dutch railroad system, and has several international connections. There are three railway stations; Dordrecht railway station, Zuid railway station and Stadspolders railway station. The train system hosts:

Four trainlines

South-West direction Roosendaal-and further (including international to Belgium)

South-East direction Breda, Eindhoven

North-West direction Rotterdam, The Hague, Amsterdam

East direction Gorinchem, Geldermalsen

The four operating trainlines serve three railway stations within the city boundaries (Dordrecht, Dordrecht Zuid, Dordrecht Stadspolders)

Main connections

Frequent international trains to Antwerp and Brussels, Belgium

Frequent services within the Netherlands:

*Intercity line to Rotterdam, The Hague, Leiden, Amsterdam Airport Schiphol and Amsterdam (north-west)

*Intercity line to Roosendaal and on to Vlissingen (south west)

*Intercity line to Breda, Tilburg, Eindhoven, Helmond and Venlo (south east)

*Several semi-fast services and local trains originate or call at Dordrecht.

Detailed information available from the site of the Nederlandse Spoorwegen (Dutch Railways)

Arriva, the city bus company of Dordrecht, also serving Werkendam, and also operating the Kop van 't Land ferry on the way

Waterbus:

*route 1: Rotterdam Willemskade – Krimpen aan den IJssel Stormpolder – Ridderkerk De Schans – Alblasserdam Kade – Dordrecht Merwekade

*route 2: Dordrecht Hooikade – Zwijndrecht Veerplein – Dordrecht Merwekade – Papendrecht Veerdam – Papendrecht Oosteind – Hollandse Biesbosch – Sliedrecht Middeldiep

Famous people from Dordrecht

:''See also People from Dordrecht''

Beatrix the Rich (b. 1420/21?) – an orphan found after the St. Elizabeth's flood whose education was paid for by the city and who became ancestor of many people of Dordrecht

Hendrik Speuy (1575–1625) - organist and composer

Simon "the Danser" Simonszoon (1577–1611) – privateer and pirate

Gerhard Johann Vossius (1577–1649) – scholar and theologian

Jacob Cats (1577–1660) – stipendiary magistrate of Dordrecht and Grand Pensionary of Holland

Mathias Balen (1611–1691) – writer, famous for ''Beschryving der Stad Dordrecht'' ("Description of City Dordrecht") from 1676

Aelbert Cuyp (1620–1691) – painter, famous for his landscapes

Cornelis de Witt (1623–1672) – statesman and brother of Johan de Witt

Johan de Witt (1625–1672) – Grand Pensionary and brother of Cornelis de Witt

Samuel Dirksz van Hoogstraten (1627–1678) – painter, poet, and composer

Arnold Houbraken (1660–1719) – painter and writer

François Valentijn (1666–1727) – dominie and writer, famous for ''Oud en Nieuw Oost-Indiën'' ("Old and New East-India"), a book about the history of the Dutch East India Company and the countries of the Far East

Aart Schouman (1710–1792) – painter and engraver

Johannes Immerzeel Jr. (1776–1841) – writer and poet

Jan Schouten (1786–1852) – master ship builder, freemason, and poet

Ary Scheffer (1795–1858) – painter

Simon van Gijn (1836–1922) – banker and collector, whose home is now a museum in Dordrecht

Cornélie van Zanten (1855–1946) – opera singer, author, and teacher

Karel Lotsy (1893–1959) – sport leader, especially of the Netherlands national football team

Marinus Vertregt (1897–1973) – astronomer

Peter Hurkos (1911–1988) – popular entertainer known for performing psychic feats

Kees Buddingh' (1918–1985) – poet and writer

Jan Eijkelboom (1926–2008) – journalist, poet, and writer

Willy Batenburg (1926–2000) – folk singer

Nicolaas Bloembergen (1920) – Dutch-American physicist and Nobel laureate

Ad Scheepbouwer (1944) – chairman of the board of KPN

Honorary citizens of Dordrecht

Simon Marinus Hugo van Gijn (1848–1937), since 1926 – member of House of Representatives

Dr. Theodoor Stoop

Top Naeff (1878–1953) – writer

Kees Buddingh', since 1978

Jan Eijkelboom, since 2001

Image gallery

References

;Notes

External links

http://dordrechtinbeeld.fotopic.net/

http://www.dordrecht.nl/ (official web site)

http://www.dordt.nl/

http://www.fastferry.nl/

http://www.waterbus.nl/ – map

http://www.geerts.com/dordrecht/dordrecht-history.htm

Category:Municipalities of South Holland Category:Islands of the Netherlands Category:Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta Category:Cities in the Netherlands

af:Dordrecht, Nederland bg:Дордрехт ca:Dordrecht cs:Dordrecht cy:Dordrecht da:Dordrecht de:Dordrecht et:Dordrecht el:Ντόρντρεχτ es:Dordrecht eo:Dordrecht eu:Dordrecht fa:دوردرخت fr:Dordrecht fy:Doardt gl:Dordrecht hy:Դորդրեխտ (Նիդերլանդներ) id:Dordrecht is:Dordrecht it:Dordrecht sw:Dordrecht la:Dordracum lt:Dordrechtas li:Dordrech hu:Dordrecht ms:Dordrecht nl:Dordrecht (Nederland) nds-nl:Dordrecht ja:ドルトレヒト no:Dordrecht nn:Dordrecht pnb:دوردریخت pl:Dordrecht pt:Dordrecht ro:Dordrecht ru:Дордрехт simple:Dordrecht sk:Dordrecht fi:Dordrecht sv:Dordrecht uk:Дордрехт vi:Dordrecht vo:Dordrecht war:Dordrecht zh:多德雷赫特

Name	The Sugarman 3
Background	group_or_band
Origin	New York City, New York, United States
Genre	Funk, R&B;
Years active	1996-present
Label	Desco, Daptone
Current members	Adam Scone, Neal Sugarman, Rudy Albin }}

The Sugarman 3, sometimes titled The Sugarman Three, is a retro-funk band from New York formed in 1996 by saxophonist Neal Sugarman, Hammond organ player Adam Scone, and drummer Rudy Albin. The band has released three studio albums—''Sugar's Boogaloo'' (1998), ''Soul Donkey'' (2000), and ''Pure Cane Sugar'' (2002)—and one compilation album, ''Sweet Spot'' (2001).

History

Neal Sugarman grew up in Newton, Massachusetts and played saxophone for punk rock bands Boys Life and Black Cat Bone during the 1980s. He moved to New York in the early 1990s to pursue jazz. After a stint in New Orleans playing with musicians including Eddie Henderson and Mike Longo, Sugarman returned to New York and formed a funk band with organist Adam Scone and drummer Rudy Albin. The trio, named The Sugarman 3, were influenced by artists such as "Brother" Jack McDuff and The Meters. The band was among the musicians who established Desco Records, a label that released reissues of 1960s and 1970s funk and jazz records in addition to material by current acts.

The Sugarman 3's debut album, ''Sugar's Boogaloo'', was released in 1998. ''Soul Donkey'' followed in 2000, and included cover versions of songs by James Brown and Lou Donaldson along with original songs by the band. A compilation album, 2001's ''Sweet Spot'', contained selections from the trio's first two albums. In 2002, the band released their third album, ''Pure Cane Sugar''. It featured guest appearances by funk percussionist Bernard Purdie and vocalists Lee Fields and Charles Bradley. Tom Moon of ''Rolling Stone'' described the album as "organic, locked-tight music." Maurice Bottomley of PopMatters said, "Play this at your next party and watch your coolest friends unwind and start to Boogaloo. This is the real thing, undiluted and impossible to dislike." ''Dusted Magazine'''s Andy Urban said the album "sounds good, but it operates in a vacuum of sorts, music that is pretty, but fundamentally anachronistic and relevant in aesthetic terms only."

Sugarman, who also formed The Dap-Kings with Gabriel Roth, was a session musician during much of the late 2000s, playing on albums by Lily Allen, Amy Winehouse, Robbie Williams, Al Green, Nas, Mark Ronson, as well as the Dap-Kings' own recordings led by vocalist Sharon Jones. "You Don't Know What You Mean (To A Lover Like Me)", a 2004 single by Lee Fields and the Sugarman 3, appeared on the soundtrack to the 2008 comedy-drama film ''Soul Men''.

Discography

Studio albums

1998 - ''Sugar's Boogaloo'' (Desco)

2000 - ''Soul Donkey'' (Desco)

2002 - ''Pure Cane Sugar'' (Daptone Records)

Compilation album

2001 - ''Sweet Spot'' (Unique Records)

References

External links

Category:American funk musical groups Category:Musical groups from New York

de:The Sugarman Three

playername	Ibad Muhamadu
fullname	Ibad Ibn Bashir Muhamadu
dateofbirth	February 22, 1982
cityofbirth	Amsterdam
countryofbirth	Netherlands
height
position	Forward
currentclub	SV Spakenburg
youthclubs1	Always Forward
youthclubs2	HVV Hollandia
youthclubs3	AZ
years1	2001–2004
clubs1	Twente
caps1	5
goals1	0
years2	2003–2004
clubs2	→ Cambuur Leeuwarden (loan)
caps2	21
goals2	4
years3	2004–2005
clubs3	MVV
caps3	54
goals3	17
years4	2005–2007
clubs4	Cercle Brugge
caps4	12
goals4	2
years5	2006–2007
clubs5	→ Dordrecht (loan)
caps5	34
goals5	13
years6	2007–2008
clubs6	Dordrecht
caps6	14
goals6	0
years7	2008–2009
clubs7	Willem II
caps7	18
goals7	1
years8	2009
clubs8	Dynamo Dresden
caps8	3
goals8	0
years9	2009–2010
clubs9	Dordrecht
caps9	18
goals9	8
years10	2010
clubs10	Portland Timbers
caps10	10
goals10	0
years11	2010–2011
clubs11	Helmond Sport
caps11	12
goals11	1
years12	2011–
clubs12	Spakenburg
caps12	0
goals12	0
club-update	October 20, 2010
nationalteam-update	}}

Ibad Muhamadu (born February 22, 1982 in Amsterdam) is a Dutch professional footballer who currently plays for SV Spakenburg in the Dutch third division.

Career

Europe

When Muhamadu was young, he moved with his parents from Amsterdam to Hoorn, where he started playing football. He got his first professional contract with FC Twente. When René Vandereycken became head coach of Twente, Muhamadu was loaned to Cambuur.

He went to MVV in 2004. His successful era in Maastricht earned him a transfer to Jupiler League side Cercle Brugge. However, Muhamadu was never able to achieve a regular spot in the starting eleven. He went to FC Dordrecht, where he would later also find his Dutch former Cercle Brugge team mate Brian Pinas.

In May 2008, Muhamadu signed a contrect with Willem II Tilburg and left the club after one year to sign with Dynamo Dresden on 9 June 2009. After just two months at Dynamo, and three league appearances, his contract was annulled in August 2009. He returned to Dordrecht a few days later.

North America

In August 2010, Muhamadu signed with the American second division club, Portland Timbers, who will be joining Major League Soccer in 2011.

Return to Europe

In December 2010, he signed with Dutch second division club Helmond Sport on an amateur contract. He will join amateur side SV Spakenburg from July 1, 2011.

Personal

Muhamadu is of Ghanaian and Surinamese descent.

References

External links

Portland Timbers bio

Category:Living people Category:1982 births Category:Dutch footballers Category:Association football forwards Category:People from Amsterdam Category:AZ Alkmaar players Category:FC Twente players Category:Cambuur Leeuwarden players Category:MVV Maastricht players Category:Cercle Brugge K.S.V. players Category:FC Dordrecht players Category:Willem II Tilburg players Category:Dynamo Dresden players Category:Helmond Sport players Category:Dutch people of Ghanaian descent Category:Dutch people of Surinamese descent Category:Eredivisie players Category:Eerste Divisie players Category:Belgian Pro League players Category:Expatriate footballers in Belgium Category:Portland Timbers (USL) players Category:Dutch expatriate footballers Category:Expatriate footballers in Germany Category:Expatriate soccer players in the United States Category:USSF Division 2 Pro League players

de:Ibad Muhamadu nl:Ibad Muhamadu