{{infobox anatomy | name	Ovum | Latin | GraySubject | GrayPage | Image Gray3.png | Caption A human ovum with corona radiata surrounding it| Image2 | Caption2 | System | MeshName | MeshNumber | }}

An ovum (plural ova, from the Latin word ''ovum'' meaning egg or egg cell) is a haploid female reproductive cell or gamete. Both animals and embryophytes have ova. The term ovule is used for the young ovum of an animal, as well as the plant structure that carries the female gametophyte and egg cell and develops into a seed after fertilization. In lower plants and algae, the ovum is also often called oosphere.

Ova production

In higher animals, ova are produced by female gonads (sexual glands) called ovaries and all of them are present at birth in mammals, and mature via oogenesis.

Human and mammal ova

In the viviparous animals (which include humans and all other placental mammals), the ovum is fertilized inside the female body, and the embryo then develops inside the uterus, receiving nutrition directly from the mother.

The human ova grow from primitive germ cells that are embedded in the substance of the ovaries. Each of them divides repeatedly to give rise to several smaller cells, the oogonia. The oogonia then develop into the ova, the primary oocytes.

The ovum is one of the largest cells in the human body, typically visible to the naked eye without the aid of a microscope or other magnification device. The human ovum measures 120 µm in diameter.

Protist and plant ova

In protists, fungi and many plants, such as bryophytes, ferns, and gymnosperms, ova are produced inside archegonia. Since the archegonium is a haploid structure, egg cells are produced via mitosis. The typical bryophyte archegonium consists of a long neck with a wider base containing the egg cell. Upon maturation, the neck opens to allow sperm cells to swim into the archegonium and fertilize the egg. The resulting zygote then gives rise to an embryo, which will grow out of the archegonium as a young sporophyte.

In the flowering plants, the female gametophyte, which usually gives rise to the archegonium, has been reduced to just eight cells referred to as the embryo sac inside the ovule. The gametophyte cell closest to the micropyle opening of the embryo sac develops into the egg cell. Upon pollination, a pollen tube delivers sperm into the embryo sac and one sperm nucleus fuses with the egg nucleus. The resulting zygote develops into an embryo inside the ovule. The ovule in turn develops into a seed and in many cases the plant ovary develops into a fruit to facilitate the dispersal of the seeds. Upon germination, the embryo grows into a seedling.

In the moss ''Physcomitrella patens'', the Polycomb protein FIE is expressed in the unfertilised egg cell (Figure, right) as the blue colour after GUS staining reveals. Soon after fertilisation the FIE gene is inactivated (the blue colour is no longer visible, left) in the young embryo.

Ooplasm

Ooplasm (also: oöplasm) is the yolk of the ovum, a cell substance at its center, which contains its nucleus, named the germinal vesicle, and the nucleolus, called the germinal spot.

The ooplasm consists of the cytoplasm of the ordinary animal cell with its spongioplasm and hyaloplasm, often called the ''formative yolk''; and the ''nutritive yolk'' or ''deutoplasm'', made of rounded granules of fatty and albuminoid substances imbedded in the cytoplasm.

Mammalian ova contain only a tiny amount of the nutritive yolk, for nourishing the embryo in the early stages of its development only. In contrast, bird eggs contain enough to supply the chick with nutriment throughout the whole period of incubation.

Ova development in oviparous animals

In the oviparous animals (all birds, most fishes, amphibians and reptiles) the ova develop protective layers and pass through the oviduct to the outside of the body. They are fertilized by male sperm either inside the female body (as in birds), or outside (as in many fishes). After fertilization, an embryo develops, nourished by nutrients contained in the egg. It then hatches from the egg, outside the mother's body. See egg (biology) for a discussion of eggs of oviparous animals.

The egg cell's cytoplasm and mitochondria (and chloroplasts in plants) are the sole means the egg is able to reproduce by mitosis and eventually form a blastocyst after fertilization.

Ovoviviparity

There is an intermediate form, the ovoviviparous animals: the embryo develops within and is nourished by an egg as in the oviparous case, but then it hatches inside the mother's body shortly before birth, or just after the egg leaves the mother's body. Some fish, reptiles and many invertebrates use this technique.

See also

Egg (biology)

Fertilization

Insemination

Menstrual cycle

Ovulation

Pollination

Pregnancy

Polar body

External links

The Ovarian Kaleidoscope Database description of 1800 genes involved in ovarian functions

References

Category:Germ cells Category:Cloning Category:Female reproductive system Category:Human cells Category:Eggs

ar:بييضة az:Yumurta (hüceyrə) bs:Jajna ćelija br:Viell bg:Яйцеклетка ca:Òvul cs:Vajíčko da:Æg (fysiologi) de:Eizelle et:Munarakk el:Ωάριο es:Óvulo eo:Ovolo (bestoscienco) eu:Obulu fa:تخمک fr:Ovule gl:Óvulo ko:난자 hy:Ձվաբջիջ hi:डिम्ब hr:Jajna stanica id:Sel telur is:Eggfruma it:Ovulo (gamete) he:ביצית jv:Sèl endhog kk:Аналық жыныс жасушасы lt:Kiaušialąstė mk:Јајце клетка ml:അണ്ഡം ms:Ovum nl:Eicel ja:卵細胞 no:Eggcelle nn:Eggcelle oc:Ovul pl:Komórka jajowa pt:Óvulo qu:Runtucha ru:Яйцеклетка simple:Ovum sk:Vajcová bunka sl:Jajčece ckb:گەرا sr:Јајна ћелија sh:Jajna ćelija su:Ovum fi:Munasolu sv:Äggcell ta:கருமுட்டை tr:Yumurta (hücre) uk:Яйцеклітина yi:איי zh:卵细胞

{{infobox soap character 2 | series	Neighbours
Name	Steve Parker
Portrayer	Steve Bastoni
Introducer	Ric Pellizzeri
Years	2007–2009
Classification	Former, regular
First	23 July 2007
Last	24 July 2009
Born	4 March 1963
Home	Oakey
Occupation	Veterinarian
Father	Gary Fuller
Mother	Kitty Parker
Adoptivefather	Jim Parker
Wife	Miranda West
Brothers	Stuart ParkerNed Parker
Adoptivesons	Riley Parker
Adoptivedaughters	Bridget Parker
Granddaughters	India Napier
Aunts	Raylene Manson
Nephews	Mickey Gannon
Relatives	}}

Steven "Steve" Parker is a fictional character from the Australian Network Ten soap opera ''Neighbours'', played by Steve Bastoni. In 2007, ''Neighbours'' decided to return to focusing more on family dynamics and the characters of Steve and his family were created and introduced to help boost falling ratings in Australia. Steve made his first on-screen appearance on 23 July 2007 along with his wife and daughter. The family moved into Ramsay Street and Steve opened a veterinary practice in the Lassiters complex. His storylines included taking the blame for the death of Chris Knight, being kissed and poisoned by Nicola West, breaking up and later reuniting with Miranda, becoming a grandfather and the death of his daughter. In March 2009, the decision was taken to write the Parker family out of the show after Bastoni and Eloise Mignon quit. Steve departed on 24 July 2009 with his wife, following Bridget's funeral.

Character creation and casting

In 2007 ''Neighbours'' suffered one of its worst decline in ratings and several key changes took place, including the introduction of a new family. Network Ten drama executive Dan Bennett revealed that the show would return to the focus on relationships and family dynamics. The Parker family made their first appearance on-screen in July 2007, marking the start of the show's renovation.

Former ''Police Rescue'' star, Steve Bastoni was cast in the role of the family's patriarch, Steve Parker. Bastoni said "My agent rang and said, 'Would you consider (the Steve Parker role in) ''Neighbours''?'". Bastoni agreed to the role as he had struggled to find work after moving to Melbourne from Sydney with no prospects. Bastoni called the role on ''Neighbours'' "a little gift from God".

In March 2009, it was announced that the Parker family were to be written out of the show after Bastoni and Mignon decided to quit. Bastoni said in an interview that the character of Steve Parker had nowhere else to go and added, "I only planned to be on the show for a year to 18 months but I've been here two years now and have done enough".

Storylines

Background

Steve Parker is the brother of Stuart and Ned Parker. He was living in Sydney with his family until they made the decision to move to Erinsborough. Steve had ties to Ramsay Street before he arrived as he grew up in Oakey with Drew Kirk. Steve and Miranda have two children, Riley and Bridget, who they adopted when they were young. Steve is a vet who specialises in caring for native wildlife and he enjoyed sharing his work with Bridget.

2007–2009

Steve and his family move to Erinsborough from Sydney, so Steve can open a new veterinary clinic. The family arrive in Ramsay Street to visit Ned. Steve discovers that the apartment the family were moving into was already furnished and Janae Timmins (Eliza Taylor-Cotter) allows them to store their things in her garage. Shortly after opening his clinic, Steve and Miranda are forced to move in Ned and Janae when their apartment floods. Steve is surprised when Riley turns up and tells him that he has dropped out of university. Ned and Janae both depart Erinsborough and the house is put up for sale by auction. Tim Collins (Ben Anderson) tells the Parkers that he plans to buy the house to build flats on and Steve tells him that he also plans to buy the house. At the auction, Steve outbids Tim, but goes over his limit. Miranda then tells Steve that they will have to cut costs.

When Chris Knight (Luke Mitchell) is found with head injuries, Bridget confesses to Steve that she pushed him away when he tried to attack her. Chris later dies and, to protect his daughter, Steve confesses to attacking Chris. Steve is arrested and charged with murder. During his trial, Bridget runs in and tells the court the truth. Miranda's sister Nicola West (Imogen Bailey) arrives and she lets slip that Miranda was in love with another man when she got married. Steve is shocked and moves out, believing that Miranda does not love him. Nicola then tries to seduce Steve and she later poisons him. Steve recovers and Nicola is sent to a psychiatric hospital. Steve and Miranda continue having marital problems and Steve is unhappy when he discovers that Miranda slept with a former boyfriend. However, the couple later reconcile.

Steve is angry when he discovers that Bridget is pregnant. However, he later comes round to the idea and promises to help her through it. Steve is also unhappy when Bridget's boyfriend, Declan Napier (James Sorensen) moves in with the family. Bridget gives birth to Steve's first grandchild, India, at a music festival. Steve and Miranda are able to listen to the birth via Karl Kennedy's (Alan Fletcher) phone.

While on their way to take India to visit relatives in Oakey, Steve swerves the car to avoid an escaped horse and the car overturns. Steve is relatively unharmed and when the rescue services arrive, he helps out with the search for Bridget. Steve finds her and India and they are taken to the hospital. Bridget later dies from internal injuries, which devastates Steve and Miranda. Following her funeral, Steve and Miranda decide to move away.

Reception

The Parker family's entrance to the show was watched by an average 1.05 million viewers in Australia. Following their arrival, Network Ten's head of drama Dan Bennett praised the new cast members saying "It's probably the strongest cast we've ever had".

Steve has received mostly positive criticism from Ruth Deller of television website Lowculture. During his first year on the show, Deller said that Steve was "trying to fill the nice guy role of Philip Martin, but doesn't quite achieve it". In 2008, Deller said that the Parker family were improving and she singled Steve out, calling him "great". In July 2009, he was placed joint fifth with ''Coronation Street's'' Kevin Webster on the best soap characters list in 2009. Deller said "Both characters have been underrated 'good guys' for much of their tenure on the shows and deserve some credit for that. That's not the main reason they've made this month's chart though – it's because lots of people on the forums seem to have owned up to fancying these guys this month – and in a poor month for storylines and characterisation, being a DILF is qualification enough to get you into our top five.

References

External links

Steve Parker at Internet Movie Database

Category:Neighbours characters Category:Fictional veterinarians Category:Fictional characters introduced in 2007

Loco Dice (Yassine Ben Achour) is a German DJ and electronic music producer born and based in Düsseldorf. His family is from Tunisia, Loco Dice started his career as Hip-Hop DJ and rapper, playing support slots to performers like Usher, Ice Cube, Jamiroquai, Snoop Dog and R. Kelly. He has released records on labels such as Ovum, M-nus, Cadenza, Cocoon and Four Twenty. He also compiled and mixed "Time Warp 07", a double CD featuring various minimal tracks.

Discography

Albums

''Minimal Explosion'' (2005)

''Time Warp 07'' (2007)

Note: ''Minimal Explosion'' is a DJ mix CD by Loco Dice, given free in a 2005 Mixmag issue. Dice is credited as 'Loco Dice DC10'. ''Time Warp 07'' is also a DJ mix CD.

Singles / EPs

7 Dunham Place (4x12") Desolat (DMD Discomania), 2008

Harissa (2x12") Cadenza Recordings, 2006

Flight LB 7475 / El Gallo Negro (12") Ovum Recordings, 2006

Carthago (12") Cocoon Recordings, 2006

Seeing Through Shadows (12") Minus, 2006

City Lights (12") Superstar Recordings, 2004

The Raz (12") JohnnyGlow Recordings, 2004

The Bouncer (12") JohnnyGlow Recordings, 2004

Jacuzzi Games, 2005 (Lead single from ''Minimal Explosion'')

Remixes

Onur Ozer "Eclipse" (Loco Dice Remix) Vakant, 2008

Timo Maas "Help Me" (Loco Dice Remix) Perfecto Records, 2002

Mousse T. "Toscana" ( Loco Dice Mix)

References

External links

Loco Dice - Official website

Loco Dice - Official MySpace profile

Category:German DJs Category:German record producers Category:Living people Category:Year of birth missing (living people)

de:Loco Dice

Name	Steve Lawler
Background	non_vocal_instrumentalist
Born	ca 1973 in Birmingham, England
Genre	HouseTribal houseTech house Techno
Occupation	Disc jockeyRecord producerA&R;
Label	Harlem Records, Viva Music
Associated acts	S.L.A.D.L.Y. S.L.A.A.T. S.L.A.J.H. S.L.A.A.F.
Website	http://www.djstevelawler.com/ }}

Steve Lawler is a British house music producer and DJ born in Birmingham, England. He has held residences at many popular dance clubs such as Space, The End and Twilo. Because of his successful performances at Space in Ibiza, he has been nicknamed "King of Space". Lawler has released several mix albums and is especially well known for his ''Lights Out'' series featured on Boxed. He currently runs the record label Viva Music. He also founded the now defunct Harlem Records.

Biography

Steve Lawler originally gained interest in the music scene around the age of 16, listening to pirate radio stations. Beginning at age 17, Lawler staged a series of illegal parties in a tunnel under the M42 motorway from 1990 to 1994. After several parties, the event began to regularly attract over 500 people and eventually earned Lawler appearances at proper clubs.

Lawler's "big break" came in 1995, when DJ Jason Bye asked him to play daily at Ibiza's reputed Cafe Mambo of San Antonio "Sunset strip" fame. Here, he met Darren Hughes of the nightclub Cream, who signed him to a residency at Cream. In 2000, Steve started his new residency for Darren Hughes, at the infamous Club Home, where Steve Lawler held his own Friday nights Deep South which he ran for 1 year only. He also released the single "Rise In" on Bedrock Records, which featured vocals from the Reef song Mellow (and previously remixed by Prince Quick) and reached #50 on the UK Singles Chart and #15 on Billboard's Hot Dance Music/Club Play. This same year, he was asked by Boxed to mix the third entry in their ''Nubreed'' series, ''Nubreed 003''. After his Nubreed release, Lawler approached Boxed with the idea for the ''Lights Out'' series. In 2001 Lawler started a night in his hometown Birmingham called the Midweek Session, this was run for 12 parties only, running monthly on a Thursday night. Lawler returned to London in 2002 with the beginning of his "Harlem Nights" event at The End, which has since been changed to "Viva" to reflect Lawler's label VIVa MUSiC. Lawler founded the digital record label Viva Music in 2005, citing as a reaction to the increased sales in MP3s relative to vinyl and CDs. Lawler himself stopped using vinyl in live sets, exclusively using Serato/CDs.

Lawler's wife Daniela appeared as a contestant on Come Dine With Me on Channel 4 between 22 and 26 November 2010.

Musical genres

Lawler describes his style of house music to be "deep" and "sexy". Others have echoed his sentiments, comparing Lawler's music to disco in terms of attitude. Though he's often named a Tech DJ, Lawler says that he prefers not to fall under any particular genre. Lawler's music is House and Techno, but Lawler maintains that he is against the 1980s electro revival, describing it as "shit in the first place". Of the music Lawler plays, he is known to perform his own edited versions.

Influences

Rather than any particular genre or musical groups, Lawler says that his brand of dark house is influenced more by "vices" and dark experiences. He does, however, claim his biggest inspirations as Depeche Mode and The Doors, citing their dark lyrics and atmosphere. Lawler says that the DJ that was most influential on him was Danny Tenaglia, admiring his passion and dedication to DJ-ing and clubbers.

Selected discography

;Albums

2000: ''Dark Drums'' (Tide)

2000: ''Nubreed 003'' (Boxed)

2000: ''Home'' (INCredible)

2001: ''Dark Drums 2'' (Tide)

2002: ''Lights Out'' (Boxed)

2003: ''Lights Out 2'' (Boxed)

2005: ''Lights Out 3'' (Global Underground Ltd.)

2006: ''Viva'' (Ministry of Sound)

2007: ''Viva London'' (Renaissance Records, Ultra Records)

2008: ''Viva Toronto'' (Renaissance Records, Ultra Records)

;Singles

1999: Novacane - "Rainmaker" (Glow Recordings)

2000: "Rise In" (Bedrock) (UK Singles Chart #50, Billboard Hot Dance Music/Club Play #15/Hot Dance Music/Maxi-Singles Sales #41)

2002: "Andante" (Bedrock)

2004: "Out At Night" (Subversive)

2005: "That Sound" (Beside Music, Joia Records)

2006: S.L.A.D.L.Y. - "Unicorn" (VIVa MUSiC)

2007: "Courses For Horses" (Renaissance Recordings)

2007: "Violet" (Viva Music)

2007: "Sleep Walking (Tsuba)

2008: "21st Century Ketchup" (Sci-Tec)

2008: "Femme Fatale" (Ovum)

2009: "Kalimba" (R&S; Records)

2009: "Carnival" (Tanzbar)

2009: "Distrait" (Systematic)

2009: "Hocus Pocus" (VIVa MUSiC)

2010: "Almerina" (Harthouse)

2010: "Gimme Some More" (VIVa MUSiC)

References

External links

Steve Lawler Official Website

VIVa MUSiC Official Website

Steve Lawler Tracklisting Archive

Clubplanet Interviews Steve Lawler

Category:Living people Category:Club DJs Category:English DJs Category:Remixers Category:English record producers Category:English house musicians Category:Year of birth missing (living people)

ru:Лолер, Стив

Ian Pooley (born Ian Pinnekamp in 1973) is a German-born record producer and DJ. While incorporating samples of various musical genres, Pooley's creations are usually classified as house or tech house with Brazilian influence.

Career

Pooley's music career began in 1993. After a long stretch with V2 Records in which Pooley released several very successful albums (''Meridian'' and ''Since Then'') Pooley left V2 and started his own record company, Pooled Music, in 2003.

Ian Pooley has also cited on various albums (Brazilution 5.3 and Souvenirs being two) that he had an audible 'click' when listening to Brazilian music at a night club. As such, a lot of his music has a noticeable Brazilian flavor to it. He has incorporated artists like Rosanna and Zelia and veteran musician Marcos Valle in some of his works.

In addition to original works, Pooley has remixed artists such as Deee-Lite, The Cardigans, Daft Punk, Carl Cox and Bob Sinclar.

Discography

Albums

1993 ''The Latest Adventures of Kool Killer, as Space Cube

1995 ''Relations''

1996 ''The Times''

1998 ''Meridian''

1999 ''The Allnighter/Calypso''

2000 ''Since Then''

2002 ''The IP Series''

2004 ''Souvenirs''

2005 ''A Subterranean Soundtrack''

2008 ''In Other Words''

Singles

;Ian Pooley

1993 "Limited Edition"

1994 "Pulse Code EP", as Ian Pooley & Alec Empire (with Alec Empire)

1994 "Roller Skate Disco"

1994 "Twin Gods EP"

1995 "Twin Gods Vol. 2"

1995 "Celtic Cross EP"

1995 "Celtic Cross Remixes"

1995 "My Anthem"

1995 "Today"

1996 "Chord Memory"

1996 "Two Space Cowboys on a [Bad] Trip to Texas", as Ian Pooley & The Jaguar (with Alec Empire)

1996 "What's Your Number"

1997 "Calypso EP"

1997 "Gimme Sound"

1997 "Higgledy Piggedly"

1998 "Followed"

1998 "Loopduelle"

1998 "Rock Da Discoteque EP"

1998 "What's Your Number" (re-release)

1999 "Coldwait"

2000 "900 Degrees"

2000 "Coração Tambor" (with Rosanna & Zélia)

2000 "The Allnighter EP"

2001 "Balmes (A Better Life)" (with Esthero)

2002 "Traffic"

2002 "The Fly Shuffle"

2002 "Niteflite"

2002 "Missing You"

2002 "Ready to Flow"

2002 "Piha", as Ian Pooley & Magik J (with Magik J)

2003 "Here We Go!"

2003 "Heke", as Ian Pooley & Magik J (with Magik J)

2004 "Searchin'"

2004 "Heaven" (with Jade and Danni'elle)

2005 "Samo Iluzija"

2006 "Higgledy Piggedly 2006"

2006 "Celtic Cross 2006"

2007 "All Nite"

;Ides

1994 "Sweet & Sour EP"

1996 "Plastered EP"

1996 "Elastic EP"

1998 "Limer"

2005 "Right in the Night EP"

;Space Cube : ''All are collaborations with DJ Tonka''

1991 "Space Cube EP"

1991 "Sub Audible"

1992 "Kool Killer EP"

1992 "Kool Killer Vol. 2"

1993 "Kool Killer Vol. 3"

1993 "Kool Killer Mixes EP"

1993 "Unreleased Project EP"

1993 "The Latest Adventures of Kool Killer EP"

1994 "Dschungelfieber"

1994 "Inbound/Outbound"

1995 "Kommerz Killer/Big Bam Bam"

1997 "Unreleased Space Cube Tracks"

;T'N'I : ''All are collaborations with DJ Tonka''

1991 "Low Mass EP"

1991 "Trip Men"

1991 "Do You Still Care" (with Marie Pullins)

1992 "Beam EP"

1993 "Depart EP"

1993 "Dream Team EP"

1993 "I Want To Be Free"

1994 "Mad Situation/Be Straight"

;Other aliases

1991 "Emperor/Daylight", as Outrage (with DJ Tonka)

1993 "The Modular", as The Modulor

1996 "Next to Nowhere", as Ansicht

1996 "Skippin' EP", as John Skipper Trax

1996 "Roll With It!", as The Low Frequency Band

1996 "Ice Fractions 1", as Silvershower

1996 "Ice Fractions 2", as Silvershower

1997 "Enlite EP", as Bluelite

1999 "Enlite Juice", as Bluelite

1999 "Valle Valle!", as '''Pinnchiky"

2001 "Viewing a Decade EP", as Quiet Daze

2002 "Skippin' EP", as John Skipper Trax (re-release)

References

External links

Official website

Category:Living people Category:German musicians Category:German house musicians Category:German techno musicians Category:Remixers Category:1973 births

cs:Ian Pooley de:Ian Pooley es:Ian Pooley fr:Ian Pooley nl:Ian Pooley pl:Ian Pooley sk:Ian Pooley