The Jeffersons

Wednesday, 21 November 2012

The Jeffersons - George gets locked in the bathroom

the Jeffersons intro theme song(Movin on Up)

Sherman Hemsley of 'The Jeffersons' Dies

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Broadway theatre
Broadway theatre, commonly called simply Broadway, refers to theatrical performances presented in one of the 40 professional theatres with 500 or more seats located in the Theatre District centered along Broadway, and in Lincoln Center, in Manhattan in New York City. Along with London's West End theatre, Broadway theatre is widely considered to represent the highest level of commercial theatre in the English-speaking world.
The Broadway theatre district is a popular tourist attraction in New York. According to The Broadway League, Broadway shows sold approximately $1.081 billion worth of tickets in calendar year 2011, compared with $1.037 billion for 2010. Attendance in 2011 was 12.13 million.
New York did not have a significant theatre presence until about 1750, when actor-managers Walter Murray and Thomas Kean established a resident theatre company at the Theatre on Nassau Street, which held about 280 people. They presented Shakespeare plays and ballad operas such as The Beggar's Opera. In 1752, William Hallam sent a company of twelve actors from Britain to the colonies with his brother Lewis as their manager. They established a theatre in Williamsburg, Virginia and opened with The Merchant of Venice and The Anatomist. The company moved to New York in the summer of 1753, performing ballad operas and ballad-farces like Damon and Phillida. The Revolutionary War suspended theatre in New York, but thereafter theatre resumed in 1798, the year the 2,000-seat Park Theatre was built on Chatham Street (now called Park Row). The Bowery Theatre opened in 1826, followed by others. Blackface minstrel shows, a distinctly American form of entertainment, became popular in the 1830s, and especially so with the arrival of the Virginia Minstrels in the 1840s.

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CBS Television City
Coordinates: 34°04′28″N 118°21′36″W / 34.07444°N 118.36°W / 34.07444; -118.36
CBS Television City is a television studio complex located in the Fairfax District of Los Angeles at 7800 Beverly Boulevard, at the corner of North Fairfax Avenue. It is one of two CBS television studios in southern California — the other is CBS Studio Center, located in the Studio City section of the San Fernando Valley, which houses additional production facilities and the network's Los Angeles local television operations (KCBS and KCAL). Since 1961, it has served as the master control facility for CBS' west coast television network operations; prior to that, it was based at Columbia Square. The company's West Coast radio production center is located more than a mile away to the south, in the Miracle Mile neighborhood.
Since Television City opened in 1952, numerous TV shows have been broadcast live or taped at the facility, including many shows not broadcast on CBS. Many films have also been produced in-part at Television City, such as the 1996 feature That Thing You Do! starring Tom Hanks and Liv Tyler. During the opening credits of many of the shows taped here, a voice-over announced the phrase "From Television City in Hollywood". The complex currently houses a total of eight separate studios. Backstage tours occasionally take place, with the guests being escorted by a CBS page.

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Manhattan
Manhattan (/mænˈhætən/) is the most densely populated and the oldest of the five boroughs of New York City. Located primarily on the island of Manhattan at the mouth of the Hudson River, the boundaries of the borough are identical to those of New York County, an original county of the U.S. state of New York. The borough and county consist of Manhattan Island and several small adjacent islands: Roosevelt Island, Randall's Island, Wards Island, Governors Island, Liberty Island, part of Ellis Island,Mill Rock, and U Thant Island; as well as Marble Hill, a very small area on the mainland bordering the Bronx. The original city of New York began at the southern end of Manhattan, expanded northward, and then between 1874 and 1898, annexed land from surrounding counties.
The New York County is the most densely populated county in the United States, and one of the most densely populated areas in the world, with a 2010 population of 1,585,873 living in a land area of 22.96 square miles (59.5 km²), or 69,464 residents per square mile (26,924/km²), more dense than any individual American city. It is also one of the wealthiest counties in the United States, with a 2005 per capita income above $100,000. Manhattan is the third-largest of New York's five boroughs in population, and its smallest borough in land area.

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Metromedia Square
Metromedia Square (later known as Fox Television Center from 1986 to 1996) was a radio and television studio facility located at 5746 Sunset Boulevard in Hollywood, Los Angeles, California, on the southeastern corner of Sunset and Van Ness Avenue. For decades it was recognizable by the white, ladder-like snake on the building's roof. This work of art was called "Starsteps" and was dismantled when ownership of the building changed hands in 2000.
The site was first known as the Nassour Studio, built in 1946 and opened January 1, 1947 after Edward Nassour (1911-1962) and his brother William. Over 100 independent films were shot there under the Nassour Studio banner. Originally, there were four sound stages ranging in size from around 7,600 square feet (710 m²) to just over 13,000 square feet (1,200 m²). Nassour's modern Art Deco-styled projection room and modern offices were located in the buildings fronting Sunset.
Dressing rooms were constructed adjacent to stages 1 and 2. An old converted two story apartment building located down the street on Van Ness housed producers and writers. The big stage (4) had removable panels that hid a water tank. It was used to film the jungle river scenes in "Africa Screams." The lot was very small (about four acres) so an underground facility for storage was necessary. A large freight elevator was installed for access.

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Queens
Queens is the easternmost of the five boroughs of New York City and the largest in area and the second-largest in population. Since 1899, Queens has had the same boundaries as Queens County, which is now the second most populous county in New York State and the fourth-most densely populated county in the United States. Queens, as well as neighboring borough Brooklyn, sits on the west end of geographic Long Island. Queens is the most ethnically diverse urban area in the world with a population of over 2.2 million, 46% of whom are foreign-born, representing over 100 different nations and speaking over 138 different languages.
Were each New York City borough an independent city, Queens would be the nation's fourth largest city, after Los Angeles, Chicago, and Brooklyn. Queens has the second-largest and most diversified economy of all the five boroughs of New York City.Long Island City, on the Queens waterfront across from Manhattan on the East River, is the site of the Citicorp Building, the tallest skyscraper in New York City outside of Manhattan and the tallest building on geographic Long Island.

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Queens, New York
Queens is the easternmost of the five boroughs of New York City and the largest in area and the second-largest in population. Since 1899, Queens has had the same boundaries as Queens County, which is now the second most populous county in New York State and the fourth-most densely populated county in the United States. Queens, as well as neighboring borough Brooklyn, sits on the west end of geographic Long Island. Queens is the most ethnically diverse urban area in the world with a population of over 2.2 million, 46% of whom are foreign-born, representing over 100 different nations and speaking over 138 different languages.
Were each New York City borough an independent city, Queens would be the nation's fourth largest city, after Los Angeles, Chicago, and Brooklyn. Queens has the second-largest and most diversified economy of all the five boroughs of New York City.Long Island City, on the Queens waterfront across from Manhattan on the East River, is the site of the Citicorp Building, the tallest skyscraper in New York City outside of Manhattan and the tallest building on geographic Long Island.

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Adult
An adult is a human being or living organism that is of relatively mature age, typically associated with sexual maturity and the attainment of reproductive age. In human context, the term has other subordinate meanings associated with social and legal concepts; for example, a legal adult is a legal concept for a person who has attained the age of majority and is therefore regarded as independent, self-sufficient, and responsible (contrast with "minor"). Adulthood can be defined in terms of physiology, psychological adult development, law, personal character, or social status.
These different aspects of adulthood are often inconsistent and contradictory. A person may be biologically an adult, and have adult behavior but still be treated as a child if they are under the legal age of majority. Conversely one may legally be an adult but possess none of the maturity and responsibility that may define adult character.
An event relating to the oncoming of adulthood is Coming of age, which encompasses passing a series of tests to demonstrate that a person is prepared for adulthood, or reaching a specified age, sometimes in conjunction with demonstrating preparation. Most modern societies determine legal adulthood based on reaching a legally specified age without requiring a demonstration of physical maturity or preparation for adulthood.

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African American
African Americans (also referred to as Black Americans or Afro-Americans, and formerly as American Negroes) are citizens or residents of the United States that have ancestry from any of the native populations of Sub-Saharan Africa.
African Americans make up the single largest racial minority in the United States. Most African Americans are of West and Central African descent and are descendants of enslaved Africans within the boundaries of the present United States. However, some immigrants from African, Caribbean, Central American or South American nations, or their descendants, may be identified or self-identify with the term.
African-American history starts in the 16th century with African slaves who quickly rose up against the Spanish explorer Lucas Vázquez de Ayllón and progresses to the present day, with Barack Obama as the 44th and current President of the United States. Between those landmarks there have been events and issues, both resolved and ongoing, including slavery, racism, Reconstruction, development of the African-American community, participation in the great military conflicts of the United States, racial segregation, and the Civil Rights Movement.

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Berlinda Tolbert
Berlinda Tolbert (born November 4, 1949) is an American actress best known for her role as Jenny Willis Jefferson on The Jeffersons. She also appeared in the film Harlem Nights. She was born one day after actor Mike Evans, the man who played her boyfriend/husband Lionel Jefferson in The Jeffersons. They were both born in North Carolina.

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Bill Murray
William James "Bill" Murray (born September 21, 1950) is an American actor, comedian and golfer. He first gained national exposure on Saturday Night Live in which he earned an Emmy Award and later went on to star in a number of critically and commercially successful comedic films, including Caddyshack (1980), Ghostbusters (1984), and Groundhog Day (1993). Murray gained additional critical acclaim later in his career, starring in Lost in Translation (2003), that earned him an Academy Award for Best Actor nomination, and a series of films directed by Wes Anderson, including Rushmore (1998), The Royal Tenenbaums (2001), The Life Aquatic with Steve Zissou (2004) and Moonrise Kingdom (2012).
Murray was born and raised in Wilmette, Illinois, a northern suburb of Chicago, the son of Lucille (née Collins), a mail room clerk, and Edward Joseph Murray II, a lumber salesman. Murray's father died in 1967 from complications of diabetes when Bill was 17 years old. Murray, along with his eight siblings, was raised in an Irish American family. Three of his siblings are actors: John Murray, Joel Murray and Brian Doyle-Murray. A sister, Nancy, is an Adrian Dominican nun in Michigan, who has traveled the United States in a one-woman programme, portraying St. Catherine of Siena.

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Billy Dee Williams
William December "Billy Dee" Williams, Jr. (born April 6, 1937) is an American actor, artist, singer, and writer.
Williams was born in New York City, New York, the son of Loretta Anne, a West Indian-born elevator operator from Montserrat, and William December Williams, Sr., an African-American caretaker from Texas. He has a twin sister, Loretta, and grew up in Harlem, where he was raised by his maternal grandmother while his parents worked at several jobs. Williams graduated from the Fiorello H. LaGuardia High School of Music & Art in Manhattan, where he was a classmate of Diahann Carroll, who coincidentally played the wife of his character Brady Lloyd on the 1980s prime-time soap Dynasty.
He first appeared on Broadway in 1945 in The Firebrand of Florence. He returned to Broadway as an adult in 1960 in the play version of The Cool Word. He appeared in A Taste of Honey in 1961. A 1976 Broadway production, I Have a Dream, was directed by Robert Greenwald and starred Williams as Martin Luther King, Jr. His most recent Broadway appearance was in August Wilson's Fences, as a replacement for James Earl Jones in the role of Troy Maxson in 1988.

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Ciccio Ingrassia
Ciccio Ingrassia (5 October 1922 – 28 April 2003) was an Italian comedian.
He was born in Palermo, Sicily and began his career in the 1950s, although his career only really took off in the 1960s. He starred in many comedies, mainly as a duo with comedian Franco Franchi. During the 1980s he also did television work.
On the 1966 film Due Marines e un Generale he worked with Buster Keaton.

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Damon Evans (actor)
Damon Evans (born November 24, 1949, Baltimore, Maryland) is an American actor, best known as the second of two actors who portrayed Lionel Jefferson on the CBS sitcom The Jeffersons. He also portrayed the young Alex Haley (ages 17–25) in the ABC television miniseries Roots: The Next Generations.
Evans attended the Interlochen Academy on a Reader's Digest Scholarship. After graduation, he attended the Boston Conservatory of Music. While in Boston he appeared in productions of Two If by Sea, Hair, and The Corner at the Theatre Company of Boston.
His Off-Broadway credits include performances in A Day in the Life of Just About Everyone, Bury the Dead (for the Urban Arts Corp) and Love Me, Love My Children. He made his Broadway debut in The Me Nobody Knows. Other Broadway credits include Via Galactica and Lost in the Stars. He also toured as Judas and Jesus Christ in the authorized concert version of the musical Jesus Christ Superstar. He appeared in the Tony-, Obie-, and Drama Desk Award-winning Broadway musical Don't Bother Me, I Can't Cope.

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Ebonie Smith
Ebonie Smith (born September 16, 1978) is an American former child actress known for her role as Jessica Jefferson in the 1970s-1980s sitcom The Jeffersons from 1984 to 1985. She was sometimes credited as Ebony Smith. Smith also played character M'Lila on the television series Xena and portrayed a young La Toya Jackson on the television miniseries The Jacksons: An American Dream. She is also known for playing Carrie Murtaugh in the Lethal Weapon movies and had recurring roles on Webster and Family Matters.
Smith is the daughter of Michelle Smith and a police officer father. She is of African American and Dominican descent. She has a Fine Arts degree in Film Production and Chinese Language and Culture. Along with English and Spanish, she also speaks Mandarin Chinese.^{[citation needed]}

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Enzo Garinei
Enzo Garinei (born 4 May 1926) is an Italian film actor. He has appeared in nearly 80 films since 1949. He was born in Rome, Italy.

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Ernest Lee Thomas
Ernest Lee Thomas (born March 26, 1949) is an American actor. He was born in Gary, Indiana. He is most famous for his role as aspiring writer Roger "Rog" Thomas on the 1970s ABC sitcom What's Happening!!, and its 1980s syndicated sequel, What's Happening Now!!
Thomas began his professional acting career as a Broadway actor, appearing in the 1974 revival production of Love for Love and in the 1975 revival of The Member of the Wedding. Both shows starred actress Glenn Close. Shortly after he moved to LA to pursue a career as a TV/film actor. In the fall of 1975 he received a role on an episode of The Jeffersons. It was during the taping of the show that he learned of an audition for the upcoming comedy sitcom What's Happening!!, loosely based on the 1975 film Cooley High. He eventually went on to win the role of Raj Thomas on the show, which aired from 1976 to 1979.
During the shows run, Thomas was involved in other acting film and TV projects including Baretta, Roots, The Brady Bunch Hour and the film A Piece of the Action starring Sidney Poitier and Bill Cosby. Though the series rated well, What's Happening!! was cancelled after its third season in the early spring of 1979.

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Franco Franchi
Franco Franchi (born Francesco Benenato , 18 September 1928 – 9 December 1992) was an Italian comedian.
He was born in Palermo, Sicily and began his career in the 1950s, although his career only really took off in the 1960s. He starred in many comedies, mainly as a duo with Ciccio Ingrassia but also in more dramatic material such as Comencini's 'Adventures of Pinocchio (1972), in which they paired memorably as the Fox and the Cat.
On film Due Marines e un Generale (1966) he works with Buster Keaton.

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Frank De Vol
Frank Denny De Vol (September 20, 1911 – October 27, 1999), also known simply as De Vol, was an American arranger, composer and actor.
De Vol was born in Moundsville, West Virginia and grew up in Canton, Ohio. His father, Herman Frank De Vol, was band-leader of a local movie orchestra and his mother, Minnie Emma Humphreys De Vol, had worked in a sewing shop. He attended Miami University.
When De Vol was 14, he became a member of the Musicians' Union. After playing violin in his father's orchestra and appearances in a Chinese restaurant, he joined the Horace Heidt Orchestra in the 1930s, being responsible for the arrangements. Later, he toured with the Alvino Rey Orchestra, before embarking on his recording career.
From the 1940s, De Vol wrote arrangements for the studio recordings of many top singers, including Nat King Cole, Ella Fitzgerald, Sarah Vaughan, Tony Bennett, Dinah Shore, Doris Day and Vic Damone. His single most famous arrangement is probably the haunting string and piano accompaniment to Cole's "Nature Boy", which was a US Number One in 1948. That same year, he released a version of "The Teddy Bears' Picnic" (Capitol Records 15420), that he arranged and sang lead vocals on.

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Garrett Morris
Garrett Gonzalez Morris (born February 1, 1937) is an American comedian and actor from New Orleans. He was part of the original cast of the sketch comedy program Saturday Night Live, appearing from 1975 to 1980.
Morris was a church-choir singer from his youth, trained at the Juilliard School of Music, and graduated from Dillard University in 1958. Early in his career, he soloed with the Harry Belafonte singers. He performed in a number of Broadway musicals, including Hallelujah, Baby! and Ain't Supposed to Die a Natural Death. He also appeared as a high school teacher in the film Cooley High. He had a small role as a police sergeant in The Anderson Tapes (1970). Morris also lived in Fort Lauderdale,FL and did postal carrier work.
Morris has appeared in numerous television shows and movies since the early 1970s, but is best known as one of the original cast members of NBC's Saturday Night Live. Periodically on SNL he sang classical music: once a Mozart aria when guest-host Walter Matthau designated him as a "musical guest...in place of the usual crap", and once a Schubert lied while the titles on the screen purported to express his colleagues' displeasure at having to accommodate a misguided request by him. In February 1977, he sang Tchaikovsky's Nur wer die Sehnsucht kennt barefoot in colorful Caribbean dress while subtitles explained he had just returned from Jamaica where he had picked up a girl by claiming to be Harry Belafonte.

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Gary Coleman
Gary Wayne Coleman (February 8, 1968 – May 28, 2010) was an American actor, known for his childhood role as Arnold Jackson in the American sitcom Diff'rent Strokes (1978–1986) and for his small stature as an adult. He was described in the 1980s as "one of television's most promising stars". After a successful childhood acting career, Coleman struggled financially later in life. In 1989, he successfully sued his parents and business advisor over misappropriation of his assets, only to declare bankruptcy a decade later.
Coleman was born in Zion, Illinois, outside Chicago. He was adopted by Edmonia Sue and W.G. Coleman, a nurse practitioner and fork-lift operator, respectively. He suffered from focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, an autoimmune kidney disease. Because of his chronic illness, combined with the corticosteroids and other medications used to treat it, his growth was limited to 4 ft 7 in (1.40 m), and his face retained a childlike appearance well into adulthood. He underwent two unsuccessful kidney transplants in 1973 and 1984, and required daily dialysis.

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George Jefferson
George Jefferson is a fictional character played by Sherman Hemsley on the American television sitcoms All in the Family (from 1973 until 1975) and its spin-off The Jeffersons (1975–1985). The character appears in all 253 episodes of The Jeffersons.
George Jefferson was born in Harlem in 1929, an ambitious African-American entrepreneur who started and managed a successful chain of seven dry cleaning stores in New York City. The only background on the Jefferson family is that they were Alabama sharecroppers. In a very early episode, George's wife Louise makes mention of a conversation she had with George's father after she and George were married about the Jeffersons family roots. However, the show's writers later applied a retroactive change in the continuity of George's father, such that he had died when George was 10 years old. This left George to take care of his mother; therefore, George was unable to complete high school. He was a cook in the US Navy during the Korean War. He began dating Louise when they were teenagers and married her upon his discharge from the navy.

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Gloria Stivic
Gloria Stivic (née Bunker), is a supporting character played by Sally Struthers on the American situation comedy All in the Family, which aired on the CBS television network from 1971 until 1979. She was the only child of Archie and Edith Bunker, and she was married to Michael Stivic.
Gloria was often caught in the middle of arguments between her husband Michael, with whom she shared liberal political beliefs, and her conservative father, Archie.
Gloria's mother mentioned (in the pilot) that Gloria was anemic and was therefore overprotected as a child.
Gloria was the main breadwinner for the couple during the first five years of their marriage while they lived in her parent's home. With Michael attending college, initially for his bachelor's degree, then continuing for his master's, Gloria worked full-time at a department store. She was sensitive about having only a high school education.
Gloria and Mike moved to a rental house owned by former Bunker neighbor George Jefferson. At that time Gloria became pregnant. She then had a boy, Joey Stivic, and became a stay-at-home mother, while Michael began his teaching career. The Stivics later moved to Santa Barbara, California after Michael was offered an associate professor's position at a university.

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Greg Morris
Francis Gregory Alan "Greg" Morris (September 27, 1933 – August 27, 1996) was an American television and movie actor.
Born in Cleveland, Ohio, Morris began his acting career in the 1960s making guest appearances on many TV shows such as The Twilight Zone and Ben Casey. In 1966, he was cast in his most recognizable role as the electronics expert Barney Collier in the TV series Mission: Impossible. Morris, Peter Lupus and Bob Johnson were the only actors to remain with the series throughout its entire run.
While in college, Morris was active in theater and hosted the late afternoon Jazz radio show, "Tea-Time," on the University of Iowa's station, WSUI. He co-produced concerts at the University with a student friend. After Iowa, Greg's first professional stage role was in The Death of Bessie Smith. One of his earliest television roles was a cameo appearance on The Dick Van Dyke Show, when Rob and Laura think they've gotten the wrong baby from the hospital. In the 1963–1964 season, he appeared on ABC's drama about college life, Channing, starring Jason Evers and Henry Jones.

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Hal Williams
Harold "Hal" Williams (born December 14, 1938) is an American actor, best known for his recurring role as the black cop Officer Smith ("Smitty") on Sanford and Son, and as the patriarch Lester Jenkins, the husband of Marla Gibbs's character, on the NBC sitcom 227.
Williams started out in show business in 1969. Since then, he has appeared in movies such as Hardcore, Private Benjamin (he also took his role of Sgt L.C. "Ted" Ross to the television series of the same name), and The Rookie. He was controversially fired from The Jimmy Stewart Show in 1971 at the insistence of its star, James Stewart. In the early to mid-1990s, he starred in many of comic Sinbad's productions, including The Sinbad Show and The Cherokee Kid. Most recently, he played the grandfather in the Bernie Mac film Guess Who.
His other television credits include Moonlight, Moesha, Suddenly Susan, Minor Adjustments, L.A. Law, Night Court, Magnum, P.I., Hill Street Blues, Gimme a Break, The Jeffersons, The Dukes of Hazzard, T.J. Hooker, The Waltons, Knots Landing, The White Shadow, What's Happening!!, Good Times, Quincy, M.E., Kung Fu, S.W.A.T.,Gunsmoke and That Girl.

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Henry Jefferson
Henry Jefferson is a fictional character, the brother of George Jefferson on the TV series All in the Family. He lived with George, his sister-in-law Louise, their son Lionel, and Lionel's aunt (presumably Henry's wife, Ruby Jefferson), who was referenced in one episode but never seen. He was thus a neighbor to Archie Bunker. He was played by actor Mel Stewart.
His first appearance was in an early episode in which the Jeffersons were to be guests at the Bunker's house. Louise brought Henry, claiming that he was her husband, but finally admits the truth: George did not want to dine at the home of a white family. Before their arrival, however, Archie tried unsuccessfully to get Edith to un-invite the Jeffersons to avoid dining with a black family. Though Archie and Henry were almost always at odds, each seemed to respect the other's hard-headedness. In fact, Archie and Henry teamed up in one episode to prevent a Puerto Rican couple from moving into the neighborhood.
The seemingly curious use of a character that was George Jefferson's brother, rather than the George Jefferson character itself from the program's outset, resulted from the fact that Sherman Hemsley, who was Norman Lear's choice to play George, was performing in the Broadway musical "Purlie" and didn't want to break his commitment to that show. Lear kept the role waiting for him until he was finished appearing in the musical. Henry Jefferson's final appearance on All in the Family was in the 1973 episode in which George Jefferson first appears on television. It is said at this point that Henry is moving to upstate New York to start his own dry-cleaning business.

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Ja'net Dubois
Jeannette "Ja'net" Dubois (pronounced jâ·nā dü·bô) (born August 5, 1945) is an American actress and singer.
Dubois is perhaps best known for her portrayal of the wise-cracking, gossip maven Willona Woods on the 1970s sitcom Good Times. Dubois also co-wrote and sang the theme song of the sitcom The Jeffersons, and has appeared in a number of other television programs (usually as a guest star), most notably in 1972 during the second season of Sanford and Son as Fred's old flame Juanita in an episode entitled "Sanford and Son and Sister Makes Three" (this appearance got her noticed by Norman Lear, and led to her being cast in Good Times and in films). She usually found herself playing roles which made her seem much older than she was. For example, when Good Times premiered in 1974 she was 28 while the show made her out to be much closer in age to Esther Rolle, who was born in 1920.
She co-starred in the movie I'm Gonna Git You Sucka and the sitcoms Moesha and The Steve Harvey Show. She played the grandmother on the hit show The Wayans Bros.. She appeared in the 2003 movie Charlie's Angels: Full Throttle. Among her other credits, she appeared in the 1969 made-for-TV holiday film J.T.. She also appeared in former Good Times co-star Janet Jackson's "Control" music video as her mother. She also appeared in Love of Life between 1970-1972 as Loretta Allen, years prior to starring in Good Times.

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Jack Shea
John Amos Shea (September 7, 1910 – January 22, 2002), better known as Jack Shea or The Chief, was an American double-Gold medalist in speed skating at the 1932 Winter Olympics. He was the first American to win two Gold medals at one Winter Olympics edition, and was the patriarch of the first family with three generations of Winter Olympians. Along with his compatriot Irving Jaffee, he was the most successful athlete at the 1932 Winter Olympics.
Shea won Gold medals in the 500-meter and 1500-meter events at the III Olympic Winter Games in his hometown of Lake Placid, New York. He also recited the Olympic Oath at the Games' opening ceremonies, which were presided over by then-New York State Governor Franklin D. Roosevelt. Shea chose not to defend his Olympic titles at the 1936 Winter Olympics in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, at the request of a Lake Placid rabbi who asked him not to compete in Hitler's Germany.
Decades later, Shea played a major role in returning the Winter Olympics to Lake Placid in 1980 as a member of the 1980 Olympic Organizing Committee. Afterward, he served as Vice Chairman of the Olympic Regional Development Authority, the organization that manages the venues used in the 1980 Games.

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Jaleel White
Jaleel Ahmad White (born November 27, 1976) is an American actor and screenwriter known for his role as Steve Urkel in Family Matters and voicing the character of Sonic the Hedgehog as well as other characters for the Sonic the Hedgehog series.
In March 2012, White began appearing as a contestant in season 14 of Dancing with the Stars. He is partnered with two-time dance champion Kym Johnson.
White also hosts the game show Total Blackout which premiered on the Syfy channel on April 25, 2012.
White was born in Pasadena, California, the son of Michael White, a dentist, and Gail, a homemaker. White got his start on TV commercials at age three. One of White's notable commercial appearances was for Jell-O pudding pops alongside Bill Cosby.
White landed his first television role as the son of Flip Wilson and Gladys Knight on the CBS series Charlie and Company. He next appeared on another CBS comedy series, The Jeffersons. White also appeared in the pilot episode for Good Morning, Miss Bliss in 1987, and had a role in the 1990 television movie Camp Cucamonga, which also featured Chad Allen (My Two Dads), Candace Cameron (Full House), Danica McKellar and Josh Saviano (The Wonder Years), Breckin Meyer and Jennifer Aniston.

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Jay Hammer
Jay Hammer is an American actor best known for his long run as Fletcher Reade on CBS Daytime's Guiding Light from March 1984 until March 1998. He returned briefly in the Spring of 1999, and again made an appearance as the show ended in 2009.
Other roles include The Blue Knight, Kojak, Mannix, Sons and Daughters^{[citation needed]}, Emergency!, and Adam-12. His theater credits include off-Broadway productions of Passing Through From Exotic Places and Serenading Louie. An earlier soap opera role was that of ranch forehand Max Dekker on Texas.
Hammer had a notable credit as Allan Willis during the 1978-1979 season of The Jeffersons. Allan was the son of mixed race couple Tom and Helen Willis (Franklin Cover and Roxie Roker).
Hammer was married for a time to former Guiding Light Head Writer Pam Long, and they had two children together. Hammer himself wrote for Guiding Light using the name Charles Jay Hammer. He graduated from the University of the Pacific.

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Jeff Barry
Jeff Barry (born Joel Adelberg, April 3, 1938, Brooklyn, New York) is an American pop music songwriter, singer, and record producer.
His parents divorced when he was seven, and his mother moved him and his sister to Plainfield, New Jersey, where they resided for several years before returning to New York.
After graduating from Erasmus Hall High School, Barry served in the Army, then returned to New York where he attended City College. Although he leaned toward a degree in engineering, his main aspiration was to become a singer. He left college in the late '50s to sign with RCA Records, courtesy of music publisher Arnold Shaw. Around this time, he adopted a new name more in tune with show business, borrowing "Jeff" from actor Jeff Chandler and "Barry" from family friends.
Barry recorded several singles for RCA label, including the self-penned "It's Called Rock and Roll", backed with "Hip Couple", released in 1959. The following year, Barry garnered his first significant success as a songwriter with two songs targeting the burgeoning teen market. First, Sam Cooke took Barry's "Teenage Sonata" to No. 22 on the Billboard R&B charts. Later that year, the teen-tragedy ballad "Tell Laura I Love Her", written with lyricist Ben Raleigh, went to No. 1 on the U.S. pop charts for Ray Peterson and to No. 1 on the UK Singles Chart for British singer Ricky Valance.

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Joe Frazier
Joseph William "Joe" Frazier (January 12, 1944 – November 7, 2011), also known as Smokin' Joe, was an American professional boxer and Olympic and Undisputed World Heavyweight Champion, whose professional career lasted from 1965 to 1976, with a one-fight comeback in 1981.
Frazier emerged as the top contender in the late 1960s, defeating opponents that included Jerry Quarry, Oscar Bonavena, Buster Mathis, Eddie Machen, Doug Jones, George Chuvalo and Jimmy Ellis en route to becoming Undisputed Heavyweight Champion in 1970, and followed up by defeating Muhammad Ali on points in the highly-anticipated "Fight of the Century" in 1971. Two years later Frazier lost his title when he was knocked out by George Foreman. He fought on, beating Joe Bugner, losing a rematch to Ali and beating Quarry and Ellis again.
Frazier's last world title challenge came in 1975, but he was beaten by Ali in their brutal rubbermatch. He retired in 1976 following a second loss to Foreman. He made a comeback in 1981, fighting just once, before retiring for good. The International Boxing Research Organization (IBRO) rates Frazier among the ten greatest heavyweights of all time. He was an inductee of both the International Boxing Hall of Fame and the World Boxing Hall of Fame.

wn.com/Joe_Frazier
Joey Stivic
Joseph Michael "Joey" Stivic is a fictional character who first appeared on the 1970s American sitcom All in the Family. Joey Stivic was the son and only child of Mike Stivic (played by Rob Reiner) and Gloria Stivic (played by Sally Struthers), and the grandson of Archie Bunker (Carroll O'Connor) and Edith Bunker (Jean Stapleton). The character first appeared as a newborn baby in a two-part episode of All in the Family which aired in December of 1975.
After many appearances on All in the Family until Reiner and Struthers left the series in 1978 (by that time, Joey had been played most often by alternating twins Jason and Justin Draeger), the Joey Stivic character next appeared on the All in the Family spin-off series (some call it a continuation of the original) Archie Bunker's Place in a guest appearance in the November 1979 episode Thanksgiving Reunion. In this instance, the character was played by child actor Dick Billingsley and was appropriately pre-school age. When Gloria now seprated from Mike returned to Arcie Bunker's Place with Joey in the February 1982 episode "Gloria Comes Home" Joey was played Christopher Johnston.

wn.com/Joey_Stivic
Johnny Brown
Johnny Brown (born June 11, 1937) is an American actor and singer. Brown is a nightclub and stage performer as well as a comic actor, and a regular cast member of the television series Laugh-in. Brown is mostly remembered for his chubby physique, wide ingratiating smile, mobile facial expressions, and easy pleasant joking style. Brown is most famous, however, for his role as building superintendent "Nathan Bookman" on the 1970s CBS sitcom, Good Times. Bookman was often the brunt of fat jokes via the show's main character "J. J. Evans" (Jimmie Walker). Brown portrayed Bookman until the series was cancelled in 1979. Other television shows Brown has appeared on include The Jeffersons, Family Matters, and Martin. Brown also used to go to school with Walter Dean Myers when he lived in Harlem as a boy.
Brown is also the father of actress Sharon Brown, who was born in 1962. Brown had earlier established himself in the Broadway musical Golden Boy, starring Sammy Davis, Jr.; his supporting role was in the part of Ronnie and was featured as the lead voice on the show stopping rouser, "Don't Forget 127th Street."

wn.com/Johnny_Brown
Kene Holliday
Kenneth Earl "Kene" Holliday (born June 25, 1949) is a prolific American character actor of stage, film, and television, best known for his role as Ben Matlock's original private investigator, Tyler Hudson, on Andy Griffith's hit television series Matlock.
Holliday, a product of Long Island's area of Copiague, Suffolk County, New York, was raised in a Christian home, born to a Baptist family. At age 12, he lost his father. With the encouragement of his mother, he participated in track, at Copiague High School, where he was part of the Fantastic Four Relay Team, and was the star of his football team. He was nicknamed as Mr. Hotshot, and was known as a "scoring machine" on the football field. He graduated in 1967, and attended University of Maryland on full scholarship. As he recalled, times were turbulent, and the football team was preparing to strike against the NCAA over a change in coaches.
He was “jazzed” by a class in the history of theater, and acting became his new passion. In 1969, as an undergraduate, he played Yank in The Hairy Ape by Eugene O'Neill. He was the first black to perform in a leading role on the state school’s main stage.

wn.com/Kene_Holliday
Lionel Jefferson
Lionel Jefferson is a supporting character from the hit sitcoms All in the Family and The Jeffersons. He is the son of George and Louise Jefferson. He was originally portrayed by D'Urville Martin for two unaired pilots, before the role was recast with Mike Evans. He was later played by Damon Evans, though Mike Evans eventually returned to the role before the end of the series.
On All in the Family, Lionel was portrayed by Mike Evans from 1971 to 1975.
Lionel was born in New York City on October 18, 1953. His character is significant for being one of the first TV portrayals of a young, opinionated black man. Lionel is introduced in the first episode (and, in fact, appears on screen before Archie Bunker does). In one of the early episodes, the Jeffersons move into a house down the block from the Bunkers (later, the house is said to be next door). This event creates tension for Archie, though it elates Michael and Gloria. As Lionel's parents and uncle Henry appear more frequently, Lionel's role becomes less significant.

wn.com/Lionel_Jefferson
Louise Jefferson

Louise Jefferson (née Mills) was a supporting character, portrayed by Emmy Award-winning actress Isabel Sanford, who appeared first on the television series All in the Family. She later became one of the main characters in its spinoff series, The Jeffersons. Her role lasted from 1971 to 1985, from her debut on All in the Family through the final episode of The Jeffersons. She was often referred to as "Weezie" by her on-screen husband, George Jefferson. She was first introduced on All in the Family as a neighbor of Archie and Edith Bunker. Sanford is one of the two actors to have appeared in all 253 episodes of the The Jeffersons.
Louise was similar in many respects to the character Edith Bunker in All in the Family. Both were kind-hearted and had hot-headed husbands, and they were both good friends; however, Louise was not nearly as naïve as Edith. Prior to George Jefferson's first appearance on All in the Family, Louise had to contend with the arguments between Henry Jefferson, George's brother, and Archie Bunker. While Louise recognized that Archie displayed some ignorance and bullheadedness, she saw similar traits in the Jefferson men. When Edith apologized for a poor attitude of Archie's, Louise remarked "Henry is no diplomat either". Unlike George and Henry, Louise was more favorably disposed to Archie Bunker, having visiting him when he had been hospitalized, and fondly remembering Archie during an episode of The Jeffersons when there was a flashback to All in the Family.

wn.com/Louise_Jefferson
Mabel King
Mabel King (December 25, 1932 – November 9, 1999) was an American film, stage and television actress.
King was born Donnie Mabel Elizabeth Washington in Charleston, South Carolina, the daughter of Rosalie Washington. She was raised in Harlem where she eventually became a gospel and nightclub singer. She did not start acting until her mid thirties, in 1966, when she played the role of Maria in the national touring play of Porgy and Bess. The following year she played the role of Ernestina in the Broadway musical/comedy Hello, Dolly!. Then in 1972, she appeared in the Broadway musical Don't Play Us Cheap. The following year, 1973, she appeared in the film version of the play. That same year she played the Queen of Myrthia in the horror film Ganja & Hess.
In January 1975, she played the role of Evillene, the Wicked Witch of the West in the all-black cast of the Broadway musical The Wiz. The role earned her a Drama Desk Award nomination for outstanding featured actress in a musical.
Her performance in The Wiz brought her much attention and soon after she received roles in the films The Bingo Long Traveling All-Stars & Motor Kings, with Billy Dee Williams and James Earl Jones and the movie Scott Joplin also with Billy Dee Williams and Clifton Davis.

wn.com/Mabel_King
Marla Gibbs
Marla Gibbs (born Margaret Theresa Bradley, June 14, 1931) is an American television and film actress and singer. She is best remembered for playing Louise and George Jefferson's sarcastic maid, Florence Johnston, on The Jeffersons and spinoff Checking In. She also starred as Mary Jenkins on the television series 227.
Before the start of her acting career, Gibbs had worked as a reservations agent for United Airlines before relocating with her children from Detroit to Los Angeles. Soon afterwards, she joined PASLA (Performing Arts Society of Los Angeles) with her daughter, Angela, and studied at the Mafundi Institute and Watts Writers Workshop (both in Watts, California). Gibbs soon performed in several well-received productions including Medea, Amen Corner and The Gingerbread Lady at the Zodiac Theatre. After a few bit parts, Ms. Gibbs landed the plum role of Florence on The Jeffersons, where she started to gain international fame.
Gibbs has also appeared as guest star in several African American sitcoms, including, The Hughleys, Martin, Chappelle's Show, and The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air. She also has done voice-over work for the animated TV series, 101 Dalmatians. Gibbs also starred and sang in the movie Stanley's Gig. She performed the theme song "In the Memory of You", by writer/producer Frank Fitzpatrick, which will be released on the upcoming CD entitled, Scenes In Jazz. In 2004, she had a recurring role on the NBC daytime drama, Passions, as the foul-mouthed, and somewhat hateful "Aunt Irma Johnson".^{[citation needed]}

wn.com/Marla_Gibbs
Mel Stewart
Milton "Mel" Stewart (September 19, 1929 – February 24, 2002) was an American character actor, television director, and musician who appeared in numerous films and television shows from the 1960s to the 1990s. He is best known for playing Henry Jefferson on the popular television series All in the Family. Stewart is sometimes credited as Melvin Stewart or Melvin Stuart.
Mel Stewart began his career in 1959 with bit parts in TV and films. In the early 1960s, Stewart also appeared in the Broadway shows Purlie Victorious, The Hostage, The Cool World, and Simply Heavenly. In 1961, Stewart recorded an album of Langston Hughes' poetry on Folkways Records – Langston Hughes' The Best of Simple.
Stewart went on to land roles in various television series including That Girl, Marcus Welby, M.D., The Bob Newhart Show, Good Times, and Harry O. One of his most memorable roles was as Henry Jefferson on the series All in the Family. In 1973, he co-starred in the short-lived series Roll Out. The following year, Stewart directed two episodes of yet another short-lived series Get Christie Love!, before co-starring in On the Rocks. After On the Rocks was canceled in 1976, Stewart portrayed the role of Marvin Decker in the Bewitched spin-off series Tabitha from 1977 to 1978.

wn.com/Mel_Stewart
Michael G. Moye
Michael George Moye (born August 11, 1954) is an American photographer and a former television writer and producer. In his television career he has written for shows such as The Jeffersons, Diff'rent Strokes, Good Times, and 227 and produced It's Your Move and The Jeffersons. His best known work is likely the 1987 series Married... with Children, created alongside Ron Leavitt for the fledgling Fox network.
Moye began his career in 1977 with a staff writing position on Good Times. Between 1979 and 1984 he wrote for The Jeffersons, and in 1982 he co-developed Silver Spoons, which ran for five seasons. He also co-developed both It's Your Move and 227, the latter under an assumed name.
Married... with Children, created by Moye and Leavitt in 1987 for the Fox network, was called an "anti-family" series, but immediately became a hit, running for eleven seasons and being credited with keeping the fledgling Fox network "in the black for five or six years." Moye was a producer and a writer on the show for most of its run, and had a hand in writing a series-leading 25 episodes as well as having a few cameo appearances on screen.

wn.com/Michael_G._Moye
Michael Spinks
Michael Spinks (born July 13, 1956 in St. Louis, Missouri) is a retired American boxer who was a world champion in the light-heavyweight and heavyweight divisions. Nicknamed Jinx, which spawned the nickname of his right hand: The Spinks Jinx, he is the brother of former heavyweight champion Leon Spinks, and uncle of Cory Spinks, a former welterweight and light middleweight champion.
Spinks won the 1974 156-pound Golden Gloves Light Middleweight Championship by defeating Wilber Cameron in Denver, Colorado and then took the Silver Medal in the National AAU 165-pound Championship Competition in 1975, losing in three rounds to Tom Sullivan in Shreveport, Louisiana. He rebounded to take the 1976 National Golden Gloves Middleweight championship with a three-round victory over Lamont Kirkland in Miami, Florida, and that same year captured the United States Olympic Trials Middleweight Championship by defeating Keith Broom in Cincinnati, Ohio. He went on to defeat the Soviet Union’s Rufat Riskiev to win the Gold Medal at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal. Spinks finished with a 93-7 amateur record with 35 knockouts.

wn.com/Michael_Spinks
Michael Stivic
Michael Casimir "Mike" Stivic is a fictional character on the long-running American television sitcom of the 1970s, All in the Family. He was the live-in son-in-law of the series's lead character, the bigoted and undereducated Archie Bunker, who frequently called him "Meathead". Michael was the husband of Archie's daughter Gloria (played by Sally Struthers). Rob Reiner (son of comedian Carl Reiner) played the role of Michael Stivic throughout the series.
The character of Michael Stivic is an Americanized version of the British original: Til Death Us Do Part's Mike Rawlins, the Trotskyist "Randy Scouse Git" who arouses the passionate ire of his arch-conservative father-in-law Alf Garnett. For the American version of this character, the Trotskyist angle was drastically softened; Michael Stivic is a social liberal and a leftist, but not an adherent of any form of communism.
Michael Stivic is a Polish-American from Chicago. He was orphaned at a young age, with his parents having been killed in a car crash, and was raised by his uncle Casimir Stivic, an ex-Marine lieutenant turned florist. He also has an uncle Alex.

wn.com/Michael_Stivic
Mike Evans (actor)
Michael Jonas Evans (November 3, 1949 – December 14, 2006) (usually credited as Mike Evans), was an American actor and, with Eric Monte, co-creator of the show Good Times. Ralph Carter's character Michael Evans was named after him.
Evans was born in Salisbury, North Carolina. His father, Theodore Evans Sr., was a dentist, and his mother, Annie Sue Evans, a school teacher. He attended Palmer Memorial Institute, a private school for young African Americans in Sedalia, North Carolina just outside of Greensboro. His family later moved to Los Angeles, where he graduated from Los Angeles High School. He studied acting at Los Angeles City College.
Evans is most famous for creating the recurring role of Lionel Jefferson on All in the Family and was the first (and eventually final) actor to play Lionel on the spin-off The Jeffersons. He played Lionel on The Jeffersons for much of its 11-year run, with the majority of his appearances occurring from 1979 to 1983. Actor and opera singer Damon Evans (no relation to Michael) played the role for a few years of The Jeffersons, as Mike Evans was occupied in the production of Good Times. He returned after Good Times ended in 1979.

wn.com/Mike_Evans_(actor)
Nigger
Nigger is a noun in the English language, most notable for its usage in a pejorative context to refer to black people (generally people of Sub-Saharan African descent), and also as an informal slang term, among other contexts. It is a common ethnic slur, and suggests that its target is extremely unsophisticated. The word originated as a term used in a neutral context to refer to black people, as a variation of the Spanish/Portuguese noun negro, a descendant of the Latin adjective niger (“color black”).
The variants neger and negar, derive from the Spanish and Portuguese word negro (black), and from the now-pejorative French nègre (nigger). Etymologically, negro, noir, nègre, and nigger ultimately derive from nigrum, the stem of the Latin niger (black) (pronounced [ˈniɡer] which, in every other grammatical case, grammatical gender, and grammatical number besides nominative masculine singular, is nigr-, the r is trilled).

wn.com/Nigger
Oz Scott
Osborne "Oz" E. Scott is an American screenwriter, television producer, film, television, and theatre director.
Born in Hampton, Virginia, Scott attended NYU's Tisch School of the Arts and earned a MFA before he began his career in Washington D.C.'s Arena Stage. While at the Arena Stage, he managed the improvisational touring company The Living Stage. He then moved on to directing on and off Broadway plays including For Colored Girls Who Have Considered Suicide When the Rainbow Is Enuf, which earned him a Drama Desk Award in 1977. In 1981, he directed his first feature film, Bustin' Loose. During the 1980s and 1990s, Scott directed several television series and television movies including Gimme a Break!, Scarecrow and Mrs. King, Crash Course, New Attitude, Civil Wars, American Gothic, Lois & Clark: The New Adventures of Superman, and Providence.
In 2002, Scott directed the VH1 television movie Play’d – A Hip Hop Story starring Rashaan Nall and Toni Braxton. The series went on to become VH1's highest rated program. The following year, Scott directed the Disney channel original movie The Cheetah Girls. Since directing The Cheetah Girls, Scott has gone on to direct episodes of Strong Medicine, Everybody Hates Chris, Boston Legal, The Unit, Medium, CSI: NY, and NCIS. In addition to directing, Scott also wrote episodes of The Jeffersons and served as supervising producer on two episodes of The District.

wn.com/Oz_Scott
Paolo Villaggio
Paolo Villaggio (30 December, 1932) is an Italian actor, writer, director and comedian. He is noted for the characters he created with paradoxical and grotesque characteristics: Professor Kranz, the ultra-timid Giandomenico Fracchia, and the obsequious and meek accountant Ugo Fantozzi, perhaps the favorite character in Italian comedy. He has written several books, usually of satirical character. He has also acted in dramatic roles, and has appeared in several movies.
Paolo Villaggio was born in Genoa, with a twin brother, Piero. His father was Ettore Villaggio (1905-1992), a surveyor originally from Palermo. His mother, Maria, originally from Venice, was a language teacher (German).
Villaggio attended the classic school "Liceo ginnasio Andrea D'Oria" and initially studied Law, but did not finish that study. His jobs included being a clerk for the Italsider steel works, which inspired his character "Il ragioniere Fantozzi Ugo", "the accountant Ugo Fantozzi". Maurizio Costanzo discovered his artistic potential and in 1967 he advised Villaggio to play in a cabaret in Rome. From there, Villaggio was hired for the TV programme Quelli della domenica (Those guys of Sunday), in which Fantozzi made his first appearance, introducing his characters the aggressive "Professor Kranz" and the hypocritical "Giandomenico Fracchia".

wn.com/Paolo_Villaggio
Paul Benedict
Paul Benedict (September 17, 1938 – December 1, 2008) was an American actor who made numerous appearances in television and movies beginning in the 1960s. He was known for his roles as The Number Painter on the popular PBS children's show Sesame Street, and as the quirky English neighbor Harry Bentley on the CBS sitcom The Jeffersons.
Benedict was born in Silver City, New Mexico, the son of Alma Marie (née Loring), a journalist, and Mitchell M. Benedict, a doctor. He grew up in Massachusetts. As a young man, he suffered from acromegalia, a pituitary disorder that affects the extremities and face, which accounted for his slightly oversized jaw and large nose.
Benedict was best known for his role as Harry Bentley on the television show The Jeffersons. He played this role from 1975 when the show began until 1981, and then returned in 1983 and remained until the end of the show in 1985. His character was an Englishman who lived in the apartment next door to George and Louise Jefferson. He worked at the United Nations as a translator and was a bachelor. He was liked by all of the other characters on the show except for George Jefferson, who found him annoying, but they became more friendly as the show progressed. Harry was also known for telling long, and often boring stories, about his past, particularly about his childhood and relatives in England.

wn.com/Paul_Benedict
Peter Lawford
Peter Sydney Ernest Aylen (7 September 1923 – 24 December 1984), better known as Peter Lawford, was an English-American actor.
He was a member of the "Rat Pack" and brother-in-law to US President John F. Kennedy, perhaps more noted in later years for his off-screen activities as a celebrity than for his acting. In his earlier professional years (late 1930s through the 1950s) he had a strong presence in popular culture and starred in a number of highly acclaimed films.
Born in London in 1923, he was the only child of Lieutenant-General Sir Sydney Turing Barlow Lawford KBE (1865-1953) and May Aylen (née May Sommerville Bunny, 1883-1972). At the time of Lawford's birth, however, his mother was married to her second husband, Dr. Capt. Ernest Vaughn Aylen, one of Sir Sidney's officers, while his father was married to the former Muriel Williams. After Peter's birth, his mother confessed to Aylen that the child was not his, a revelation that resulted in a double divorce. Sir Sydney and May Aylen then wed in September 1924, after their divorces were finalized and when their son was one year old.

wn.com/Peter_Lawford
Reggie Jackson
Reginald Martinez "Reggie" Jackson (born May 18, 1946) is an American former baseball right fielder who played 21 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) for four different teams (1967–1987). He was nicknamed "Mr. October" for his clutch hitting in the postseason with the New York Yankees. Jackson won five consecutive American League West divisional pennants, three consecutive American League pennants and two consecutive World Series titles as a member of the Oakland Athletics (he did not play in the 1972 World Series due to injury) from 1971 to 1975; four American League East divisional pennants, three American League pennants and two consecutive World Series titles with the Yankees from 1977 to 1981; and two American League West divisional pennants with the California Angels in 1982 and 1986. He is perhaps best remembered for hitting three consecutive home runs in the clinching game of the 1977 World Series.
Jackson played for the Kansas City / Oakland Athletics (1967–1975, 1987), Baltimore Orioles (1976), New York Yankees (1977–1981), and California Angels (1982–1986). A 14-time All-Star and five-time World Series champion, Jackson won two Silver Slugger Awards, the 1973 American League (AL) Most Valuable Player (MVP) Award, two World Series MVP Awards, and the 1977 Babe Ruth Award.

wn.com/Reggie_Jackson
Ron Leavitt
Ron Leavitt (November 7, 1947 – February 10, 2008) was the co-creator (with Michael G. Moye) of the American television show Married... with Children. The show's 259 episodes over eleven seasons made it the second-longest-lasting sitcom on the Fox network.
A native of Brooklyn, Leavitt began his television career in the 1970s writing episodes for the comedies Busting Loose, Happy Days, Laverne & Shirley and The Bad News Bears (for which he garnered an NAACP Award). In the early 1980s, in addition to writing and producing The Jeffersons (for which he won a People’s Choice Award and a second NAACP Award), Leavitt co-wrote the pilot for Silver Spoons and co-created and executive produced the Jason Bateman sitcom It’s Your Move.
In the late 1980s, Leavitt co-created Married... with Children, which, with its debut on the Fox network in 1987, broke many of the established rules and mores of television. He served as executive producer and wrote or co-wrote close to 150 episodes. Its longevity over eleven seasons made Married... with Children the second-longest-running sitcom on Fox, just behind The Simpsons. Among its industry honors, Married... with Children earned seven Emmy nominations and an equal number of Golden Globe nominations, including Best TV Series.

wn.com/Ron_Leavitt
Roxie Roker
Roxie Albertha Roker (August 28, 1929 – December 2, 1995) was an American actress, best known for her groundbreaking role as Helen Willis on the sitcom The Jeffersons, half of the first interracial couple to be shown on regular prime time television. She is the mother of musician Lenny Kravitz, the grandmother of actress Zoe Kravitz and the cousin of NBC's Today Show's Al Roker.
Roker was born in Miami, Florida. Her mother, Bessie (née Mitchell), was from Georgia and worked as a domestic, and her father, Albert Roker, was a native of The Bahamas and a porter.
She grew up in Brooklyn, New York. She attended and graduated from Howard University, where she was a member of the drama club and Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority, Inc.
Roker began her professional career with the Negro Ensemble Company and became a successful stage actress. She won an Obie Award in 1974 and was nominated for a Tony Award for her portrayal of Mattie Williams in The River Niger.
She was a reporter on WNEW-TV in New York in the 1970s and hosted a public affairs show for the station known as Inside Bed-Stuy, dealing with events in the Brooklyn neighborhood.

wn.com/Roxie_Roker
Sammy Davis, Jr.
Samuel George "Sammy" Davis Jr. (December 8, 1925 – May 16, 1990) was an American entertainer and was also known for his impersonations of actors and other celebrities.
Primarily a dancer and singer, Davis started as a child vaudevillian who became known for his performances on Broadway and Las Vegas. He went on to become a world famous recording artist, television and film star. Davis was also a member of Frank Sinatra's "Rat Pack".
At the age of three Davis began his career in vaudeville with his father and "uncle" as the Will Mastin Trio, toured nationally, and after military service, returned to the trio. Davis became an overnight sensation following a nightclub performance at Ciro's after the 1951 Academy Awards. With the trio, he became a recording artist. In 1954, he lost his left eye in an automobile accident.
His film career began as a child in 1933. In 1960 he appeared in the first Rat Pack film, Ocean's 11. After a starring role on Broadway in 1956's Mr Wonderful, Davis returned to the stage in 1964's Golden Boy, and in 1966 had his own TV variety show, The Sammy Davis Jr. Show. Davis' career slowed in the late sixties, but he had a hit record with "The Candy Man", in 1972, and became a star in Las Vegas earning him the nickname Mister Show Business.

wn.com/Sammy_Davis,_Jr.
Sheryl Lee Ralph
Sheryl Lee Ralph (born December 30, 1956) is an American actress, singer, and activist.
Raised between Mandeville, Jamaica, and Long Island, New York, Sheryl Lee Ralph was born in Waterbury, Connecticut to an African American father and a Jamaican mother. Sheryl attended Uniondale High School in Uniondale, NY. She starred in the High School musical Oklahoma! and played Ado Annie. Sheryl graduated in 1972. In 1973, she was crowned Miss Black Teen-age New York. At 19, Ralph was the youngest woman to ever graduate from Rutgers University. Also that year she was named as one of the top 10 college women in America by Glamour magazine. Initially she hoped to study medicine, but after dealing with cadavers in a premed class and winning a scholarship in a competition at the American College Theater Festival, she quit medicine for the performing arts. Many years later, she served as the commencement speaker at Rutgers for the Class of 2003. Ralph is married to Pennsylvania State Senator Vincent Hughes.

wn.com/Sheryl_Lee_Ralph
Tony Singletary
Tony Singletary is an American television director.
In 1977, he began his career as a stage manager on the sitcom What's Happening!!, then stage-managed for Good Times and The Jeffersons. He made his directorial debut on the series Busting Loose starring Adam Arkin. Throughout his career he amassed a number of television credits, namely The Cosby Show, Charles in Charge, One Day at a Time, Who's the Boss, Silver Spoons, Gimme a Break!, Martin, Married... with Children, and 227 among other series.
In 1998, he directed his first and only film, High Freakquency starring John Witherspoon. The last television series he directed was the Nickelodeon sitcom Just Jordan.

wn.com/Tony_Singletary
Will Smith
Willard Christopher "Will" Smith, Jr. (born September 25, 1968), also known by his stage name The Fresh Prince, is an American actor, producer, and rapper. He has enjoyed success in television, film and music. In April 2007, Newsweek called him the most powerful actor in Hollywood. Smith has been nominated for four Golden Globe Awards, two Academy Awards, and has won multiple Grammy Awards.
In the late 1980s, Smith achieved modest fame as a rapper under the name The Fresh Prince. In 1990, his popularity increased dramatically when he starred in the popular television series The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air. The show ran for nearly six years (1990–1996) on NBC and has been syndicated consistently on various networks since then. In the mid-1990s, Smith moved from television to film, and ultimately starred in numerous blockbuster films. He is the only actor to have eight consecutive films gross over $100 million in the domestic box office and the only one to have eight consecutive films in which he starred open at #1 spot in the domestic box office tally.

wn.com/Will_Smith
Zara Cully
Zara Cully Brown (January 26, 1892 – February 28, 1978) who adopted the stage name Zara Cully was an American character actress, known for her portrayal of the irascible Olivia 'Mother' Jefferson on the popular long-running CBS Television sitcom The Jeffersons.
Born in Worcester, Massachusetts, on January 26, 1892 Brown was one of ten children. She graduated from the Worcester School of Speech and Music, and was one of the oldest performers active in television at the time of her death. In 1940 after a stint in New York City she became known as "one of the world's greatest elocutionists". After moving to Jacksonville, Florida, she began producing, writing, directing, and acting in numerous plays. For 15 years she was a drama teacher at her own studio as well as at Edward Waters College, and had become known as Florida's "Dean of Drama" before numerous experiences with racism in the South directed her decision to leave for Hollywood, where she became a regular performer at the Ebony Showcase Theatre.

wn.com/Zara_Cully

ALL IN THE FAMILY - CLIP FROM "LIONEL'S ENGAGEMENT" (1974)

In one of the funniest scenes ever in the history of this storied and revolutionary sitcom...

published: 01 Dec 2008

author: StooGP

Intro the jeffersons

the jeffersons intro...

published: 07 Apr 2007

author: bbanks22

The Jeffersons - George gets locked in the bathroom

George gets locked in the bathroom by accident with Tom and Helen Willis while trying to h...

published: 05 Jan 2008

author: Zeniquez

The Jeffersons Original Theme Song

couldn't find it anywhere here that had a clean crisp copy. so, here it is. :D...

published: 29 Sep 2011

author: Munkster Funkster

The Jefferson's Theme Song Video

...

published: 27 Jun 2012

author: TheMarcweissman

The Jeffersons - George Says "Nigga" (nigger)

In this episode of the Jeffersons (Episode Title: A Friend in Need) Louise wants to know w...

published: 19 Apr 2010

author: Miguel Littlejohn

Hitler Sings The Jeffersons Theme

Yup here it is maybe one of the best voice overs. 400000 Views! (The original creator of t...

published: 13 Mar 2009

author: LukePiewaker

Jefferson Airplane -White Rabbit-

mx.youtube.com Jefferson Airplane "White Rabbit" Live on The Smothers Brothers Comedy Hour...

published: 09 Nov 2008

author: dustasdu

the Jeffersons intro theme song(Movin on Up)

The opening credits for the hit 1975 Tv Show on CBS The Jeffersons. The Movin' on Up song ...

published: 24 Jul 2012

author: Troll Tabs

The George Jefferson Dance

www.bufgu.com bufgu.com The real george jefferson dance!...

published: 11 May 2010

author: Bufgu

Hitler Sings "The Jeffersons" Theme

Adolf Hitler gives an inspired, soulful performance....

published: 09 May 2008

author: FuntToob

Sherman Hemsley of 'The Jeffersons' Dies

Actor was best known as George Jefferson in the groundbreaking TV series. For More Informa...

published: 25 Jul 2012

author: ABCNews

RT's Adam Kokesh brutally arrested for dancing at Jefferson Memorial

A flashmob in Washington has felt the full force of the law, by being forcibly arrested by...

published: 29 May 2011

author: RussiaToday

George Jefferson Meets The KKK ( part 1 )

one of the best episode of '' the Jeffersons '' i had already uploaded the end part and so...

published: 23 May 2010

author: thealphamale73

The Jeffersons - The Announcement Part 1 of 3

...

published: 17 Feb 2010

author: Belgusto1

The Jeffersons - The Announcement Part 2 of 3

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published: 17 Feb 2010

author: Belgusto1

The Jeffersons - The Announcement Part 3 of 3

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published: 17 Feb 2010

author: Belgusto1

The Jeffersons - A Short Story Part 1 of 3

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published: 08 Feb 2010

author: Belgusto1

The Jeffersons - A Short Story Part 2 of 3

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published: 08 Feb 2010

author: Belgusto1

The Jeffersons - A Short Story Part 3 of 3

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published: 08 Feb 2010

author: Belgusto1

The Jeffersons - Louise's Old Boyfriend Part 1 of 3

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published: 08 Feb 2010

author: Belgusto1

The Jeffersons - Louise's Old Boyfriend Part 2 of 3

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published: 08 Feb 2010

author: Belgusto1

The Jeffersons - Louise's Old Boyfriend Part 3 of 3

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published: 08 Feb 2010

author: Belgusto1

The Jeffersons - Now You See it, Now You Don't Part 1 of 6

Louise said she saw a man dressed in a rabbit costume kill someone...

published: 08 Feb 2010

author: Belgusto1

The Jeffersons - Now You See It, Now You Don't Part 2 of 6

...

published: 08 Feb 2010

author: Belgusto1

The Jeffersons - Now You See It, Now You Don't Part 3 of 6

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published: 08 Feb 2010

author: Belgusto1

The Jeffersons - Now You See It, Now You Don't Part 4 of 6

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published: 08 Feb 2010

author: Belgusto1

The Jeffersons - Now You See It, Now You Don't Part 5 of 6

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published: 08 Feb 2010

author: Belgusto1

The Jeffersons - The Separation Part 1 of 4

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published: 17 Nov 2010

author: Belgusto1

The Jeffersons - The Separation Part 2 of 4

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published: 17 Nov 2010

author: Belgusto1

The Jeffersons - The Separation Part 3 of 4

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published: 17 Nov 2010

author: Belgusto1

The Jeffersons - The Separation Part 4 of 4

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published: 17 Nov 2010

author: Belgusto1

The Jeffersons - Louise's Father Part 1 of 2

A newspaper photo alerts George to the fact that the man in the photo could very well be L...

published: 17 Nov 2010

author: Belgusto1

The Jeffersons - Louise's Father Part 2 of 2

...

published: 17 Nov 2010

author: Belgusto1

The Jeffersons - My Maid, Your Maid Part 1 of 2

Seeking a replacement for their housekeeper, Florence, who has taken a job at a plush hote...

published: 17 Nov 2010

author: Belgusto1

The Jeffersons - My Maid, Your Maid Part 2 of 2

...

published: 17 Nov 2010

author: Belgusto1

The Jeffersons - I've Still Got It Part 1 of 2

George has become convinced that age is taking it's toll on him, with a receding hairline ...

published: 17 Nov 2010

author: Belgusto1

The Jeffersons - I've Still Got It Part 2 of 2

...

published: 17 Nov 2010

author: Belgusto1

The Jeffersons - Florence Did it Different Part 1 of 2

In the conclusion of a two-part story, the Jeffersons' former housekeeper, Florence, loses...

published: 10 Apr 2012

author: Belgusto1

The Jeffersons - Florence Did it Different Part 2 of 2

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published: 10 Apr 2012

author: Belgusto1

The Jeffersons - The House That George Built Part 1 of 2

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published: 25 Jan 2011

author: Belgusto1

The Jeffersons - The House That George Built Part 2 of 2

George wants to be remembered when he dies, so he opens up a museum dedicated to...George!...

published: 25 Jan 2011

author: Belgusto1

The Jeffersons - Marathon Man Part 1 of 3

NOTE: reposting from another youtube profile as a convenience Determined to prove that ea...

published: 30 Aug 2010

author: Belgusto1

The Jeffersons - Marathon Man Part 2 of 3

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published: 30 Aug 2010

author: Belgusto1

The Jeffersons - Marathon Man Part 3 of 3

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published: 30 Aug 2010

author: Belgusto1

The Jeffersons Go to Hawaii Part 1

The Jeffersons go to Hawaii...

published: 04 Apr 2012

author: Belgusto1

The Jeffersons Go to Hawaii Part 2

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published: 04 Apr 2012

author: Belgusto1

The Jeffersons Go to Hawaii Part 3

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published: 04 Apr 2012

author: Belgusto1

The Jeffersons Go to Hawaii Part 4

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published: 04 Apr 2012

author: Belgusto1

The Jeffersons - Put It On Part 1 of 3

NOTE: reposting from another youtube profile as a convenience Helen and Jenny talk a hes...

published: 30 Aug 2010

author: Belgusto1

The Jeffersons - Put It On Part 2 of 3

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published: 30 Aug 2010

author: Belgusto1

The Jeffersons - Put It On Part 3 of 3

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published: 30 Aug 2010

author: Belgusto1

The Jeffersons - Florence's Cousin Part 1 of 3

Note: I am reposting this episode from another youtube profile as a convenience. Ernie, ...

published: 30 Aug 2010

author: Belgusto1

The Jeffersons - Florence's Cousin Part 2 of 3

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published: 30 Aug 2010

author: Belgusto1

The Jeffersons - Florence's Cousin Part 3 of 3

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published: 30 Aug 2010

author: Belgusto1

The Jeffersons - As Florence Turns Part 1 of 2

Note: This video is from another youtube profile. I am posting it here as a convenience ...

published: 30 Aug 2010

author: Belgusto1

The Jeffersons - Mission Incredible Pt 1 of 6

Tom (and George) falls for the old pigeon drop scam...

published: 12 Jun 2012

author: Belgusto1

The Jeffersons - Mission Incredible Pt 2 of 6

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published: 12 Jun 2012

author: Belgusto1

The Jeffersons - Mission Incredible Pt 3 of 6

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published: 12 Jun 2012

author: Belgusto1

The Jeffersons - Mission Incredible Pt 4 of 6

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published: 12 Jun 2012

author: Belgusto1

The Jeffersons - Mission Incredible Pt 5 of 6

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published: 12 Jun 2012

author: Belgusto1

The Jeffersons - Mission Incredible Pt 6 of 6

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published: 12 Jun 2012

author: Belgusto1

The Jeffersons - I Do, I Don't Part 1 of 2

George and Louise host a marriage program for newlyweds...

published: 12 Jun 2012

author: Belgusto1

The Jeffersons - I Do, I Don't Part 2 of 2

...

published: 12 Jun 2012

author: Belgusto1

The Jeffersons - How not to marry a millionaire Pt 1 of 2

Florence meets a millionaire...

published: 12 Jun 2012

author: Belgusto1

The Jeffersons - How not to marry a millionaire Pt 2 of 2

Florence goes out with a friend and meets a millionaire...

published: 12 Jun 2012

author: Belgusto1

The Jeffersons - And The Winner Is Part 1 of 2

Louise is eyeing the Volunteer of the Year award for her work down at the Help Center. She...

published: 20 Feb 2012

author: Belgusto1

The Jeffersons - And The Winner Is Part 2 of 2

...

published: 20 Feb 2012

author: Belgusto1

The Jeffersons - The Return of Bentley Pt 1 of 2

Mr Bentley returns to NY and hopes he can get his apartment back!...

published: 20 Feb 2012

author: Belgusto1

The Jeffersons - The Return of Bentley Pt 2 of 2

...

published: 20 Feb 2012

author: Belgusto1

The Jeffersons - A Friend In Need Part 1 of 3

Louise feels guilty about asking her friend to work for her as a maid...

published: 06 Oct 2009

author: Belgusto1

The Jeffersons - A Friend In Need Part 2 of 3

Louise doesn't want to hire a maid because she feels she's foolishly wasting money...

published: 06 Oct 2009

author: Belgusto1

The Jeffersons - A Friend In Need Part 3 of 3

Louise is nervous about interviewing a maid for the apartment...

published: 06 Oct 2009

author: Belgusto1

The Jeffersons - Louise Feels Useless Part 1 of 3

Louise feels she has nothing to do and wants to get a job, but George doesn't want her to ...

published: 06 Oct 2009

author: Belgusto1

The Jeffersons - Louise Feels Useless Part 2 of 3

Louise accepts a job with George's competitor...

published: 06 Oct 2009

author: Belgusto1

The Jeffersons - Louise Feels Useless Part 3 of 3

...

published: 06 Oct 2009

author: Belgusto1

The Jeffersons - George's Family Tree Part 1of 3

George traces his roots...

published: 06 Oct 2009

author: Belgusto1

The Jeffersons - George's Family Tree Part 2 of 3

George traces his roots back to a royal tribe in Africa...

published: 06 Oct 2009

author: Belgusto1

The Jeffersons - George's Family Tree Part 3 of 3

...

published: 06 Oct 2009

author: Belgusto1

The Jeffersons - Lionel, The Playboy Part 1 of 3

Lionel is living it up!...

published: 06 Oct 2009

author: Belgusto1

The Jeffersons - Lionel, The Playboy Part 2 of 3

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published: 06 Oct 2009

author: Belgusto1

The Jeffersons - Lionel, The Playboy Part 3 of 3

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published: 06 Oct 2009

author: Belgusto1

The Jeffersons - Mr Piano Man Part 1 of 3

All of a sudden, George is for the tenants meeting and wants to hold it at his place...

published: 06 Oct 2009

author: Belgusto1

The Jeffersons - Mr Piano Man Part 2 of 3

George orders a piano and has it delivered in time for the tenants meeting...thinking Mr W...

published: 06 Oct 2009

author: Belgusto1

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Photo: AP / Hatem Moussa

Smoke rises during an explosion from an Israeli forces strike in Gaza City, Saturday, Nov. 17, 2012.

Israel Gaza raids kill 16, Arabs urge policy review

Khaleej Times

18 Nov 2012

Israeli air strikes killed 16 Palestinians in Gaza on Saturday, prompting the Arab League to announce a visit to the battered enclave and a review of its Middle East peace policy. Egyptâ€™s President...

Chat

Photo: AP / Hatem Moussa

Smoke and fire are seen from an explosion by a high rise housing media organizations in Gaza City, Monday, Nov. 19, 2012. It

Israel ‘prepared to invade Gaza’

Independent online (SA)

19 Nov 2012

Gaza/Jerusalem - Israel bombed dozens of targets in the Gaza Strip on Monday and said that while it was prepared to step up its offensive by sending in troops, it preferred a diplomatic solution that...

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Photo: AP / Pablo Martinez Monsivais

U.S. President Barack Obama stands with Myanmar's opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi as he addresses members of the media at Suu Kyi's residence in Yangon, Myanmar, Monday, Nov. 19, 2012.

Obama begins Myanmar visit

The Siasat Daily

19 Nov 2012

Yangon, November 19: Newly re-elected US President Barack Obama arrived here Monday to kick off his visit to Myanmar, becoming the first sitting US president to visit the Southeast Asian nation. As...

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Photo: EC / EC

Shadow banking hits $67 trillion globally: task force

Reuters

19 Nov 2012

BRUSSELS/WASHINGTON (Reuters) - The shadow banking system - blamed for aggravating the financial crisis - grew to a new high of $67 trillion globally last year, a top regulatory group said, calling...

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Photo: AP / Pablo Martinez Monsivais

U.S. President Barack Obama, right, waves as he embraces Myanmar's opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi, left, after addressing members of the media at Suu Kyi's residence in Yangon, Myanmar, Monday, Nov. 19, 2012.

Burma's and America's Ongoing Storms

WorldNews.com

20 Nov 2012

Article by WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling President Barack Obama's whirlwind tour of southeast Asia and meetings with dignitaries will have to walk a tightrope between either appearing to endorse...

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Colorado Classics: Alice Barron, girls basketball pioneer 21 Nov 2012

Denver Post Alice Barron grew up in Texas and was a force in establishing girls sports in Colorado. Through the efforts of Barron and others, the first girls basketball state tournament was played in 1976. (AAron Ontiveroz, The Denver Post) Don't be deceived by the nickname. Alice "Cookie" Barron knew her way...(size: 4.4Kb)

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Hostess to Liquidate After Failed Mediation 21 Nov 2012

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Chamber names Nutter as Kansas Citian of the Year 21 Nov 2012

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Tuesday's Scores 21 Nov 2012

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James Howe dies; his family made Tums 21 Nov 2012

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Judge: JeffCo courts do not have jurisdiction in appeals of Center Point traffic camera citations 21 Nov 2012

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Lions Gab: Lack of running threat holding back the offense 21 Nov 2012

Detroit Free Press Anthony Kuehn is the editor of the Detroit Lions blog Lions Gab. His opinions do not necessarily reflect those of the Detroit Free Press nor its writers. Get in touch with Anthony at lionsgab@gmail.com or on Twitter @lionsgab. The Lions' offense has been under fire this season, especially in the...(size: 3.3Kb)

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"Jeffersons" redirects here. For other uses, see Jefferson (disambiguation).

For the South Park episode, see The Jeffersons (South Park).

The Jeffersons
230px The Jeffersons title card, used from Season 3 on
Genre	Sitcom
Created by	Don Nicholl Michael Ross Bernie West
Developed by	Norman Lear
Directed by	Bob Lally Oz Scott Jack Shea Tony Singletary Arlando Smith
Starring	Isabel Sanford Sherman Hemsley Mike Evans Roxie Roker Franklin Cover Marla Gibbs Zara Cully Berlinda Tolbert Paul Benedict Damon Evans Jay Hammer Ned Wertimer
Theme music composer	Jeff Barry Ja'net Dubois
Opening theme	"Movin' On Up" performed by Ja'net Dubois
Composer(s)	Don Great
Country of origin	United States
Language(s)	English
No. of seasons	11
No. of episodes	253 (List of episodes)
Production
Executive producer(s)	David Duclon Ron Leavitt Jay Moriarity Mike Mulligan Don Nicholl Michael Ross George Sunga Bernie West
Producer(s)	David Duclon Ron Leavitt Michael G. Moye Jerry Perzigian Donald L. Seigel Jack Shea
Camera setup	Videotape Multi-camera setup
Running time	22–24 minutes
Production company(s)	T.A.T. Communications Company (1975-1982) NRW Productions (1975-1979) Ragamuffin Productions (1980-1981) Embassy Television (1982-1985)
Broadcast
Original channel	CBS
Audio format	Monaural
Original run	January 18, 1975 (1975-01-18) – June 25, 1985 (1985-06-25)
Chronology
Preceded by	All in the Family
Followed by	Checking In
Related shows	Maude Archie Bunker's Place Gloria 704 Hauser

The Jeffersons is an American sitcom that was broadcast on CBS from January 18, 1975, through June 25, 1985, lasting 11 seasons and a total of 253 episodes. The show was produced by the T.A.T. Communications Company from 1975–1982 and by Embassy Television from 1982-1985. The Jeffersons is the longest-running sitcom with a predominantly African American cast in the history of American television.^[1]^[2]

The show focuses on George and Louise Jefferson, an affluent African American couple living in New York City. The show was launched as the second spin-off of All in the Family, on which the Jeffersons had been the neighbors of Archie and Edith Bunker.

The show was the creation of prolific television producer Norman Lear. However, unlike some of his other shows, it was less sharply political in tone and The Jeffersons evolved into more of a traditional sitcom, relying more on the characters' interactions with one another rather than explicitly political dialog or storylines. It did, however, tackle a few serious topics including racism, suicide, gun control and adult illiteracy. Also, the words "nigger" and "honky" were used occasionally, especially during the earlier seasons.

The Jeffersons had one spin-off, titled Checking In. The short lived series was centered around the Jeffersons' housekeeper, Florence. Checking In only lasted four episodes, after which Florence returned to The Jeffersons.

The show ended in controversy after CBS abruptly canceled the series without allowing for a proper series finale. The cast was not informed until after the June 25, 1985, episode "Red Robins", and actor Sherman Hemsley said he found out that the show was canceled by reading it in the newspaper.^[3] The cast later reunited in a stage-play based on the sitcom. In the series finale of The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air in 1996 the Jeffersons made a guest appearance and bought the house from the Banks' family. Also, in an episode of Tyler Perry's House of Payne in 2011, Sherman Hemsley and Marla Gibbs reprise their roles of George Jefferson and Florence Johnston.

In 1985, Sherman Hemsley and Isabel Sanford made a special guest appearance as the Jeffersons in the Canale 5 comedy show Grand Hotel, starring the Italian actors Paolo Villaggio, Franco & Ciccio comic duo and Carmen Russo. They were guests in the fictional hotel, and appeared just twice during the show, for a total of five minutes. Their voices were dubbed by the Italian actors Enzo Garinei (George) and Isa di Marzio (Louise), who also dubbed their characters for the full series^[4].

Series development [link]

Before Sherman Hemsley and Isabel Sanford received their starring roles on The Jeffersons, Isabel Sanford first appeared as Louise Jefferson in the All in the Family episode "Lionel Moves Into the Neighborhood", which was broadcast on March 2, 1971, as the series eighth episode, that focused on Lionel, George (who would not appear on the show until 1973) and Louise moving to a working class section in Queens.

Originally scripted in the series, Norman Lear created the George Jefferson character for Broadway veteran Sherman Hemsley, who was starring at the time in the Broadway musical, Purlie. Lear made the decision to hold the George Jefferson character specifically for Hemsley. Lear created the character of Henry Jefferson (played by Mel Stewart), George's younger brother, and had Henry take George's place in All in the Family scripts until Purlie finished its run, making Hemsley available to join the cast.

The episode where George is introduced was the final appearance of Henry, and in the final minutes of that program, the two actors shared their one and only scene together. Sherman Hemsley, Isabel Sanford, and Mike Evans kept making appearances until 1975, when Norman Lear gave them their own series. The roles of the interracial family, Tom, Helen, and Jenny, who had appeared on All in the Family (in the 1974 episode Lionel's Engagement), were recast, with veteran actor Franklin Cover as Tom, Roxie Roker as Helen, and Berlinda Tolbert playing the role of Jenny.

In 2011, Sherman Hemsley made a guest appearance on Tyler Perry's House of Payne as George Jefferson along with Marla Gibbs, one of the few living members of the cast.

Synopsis [link]

George and Louise pack for their move to Manhattan.

During the January 11, 1975 episode of All in the Family, Edith Bunker gave a tearful good-bye to her neighbor Louise Jefferson, as she and her husband George, and their son Lionel, moved from a working class section of Queens into a luxury apartment in Manhattan. The Jeffersons premiered the following week, January 18, 1975, and 253 episodes were produced and aired during its 11-year run.

George's career as a dry-cleaner began in the first season of All in the Family, in the episode "Oh, My Aching Back". After his car was rear-ended by a bus, he filed a civil action and won enough to open his first store. At the beginning of The Jeffersons he was operating seven stores throughout New York City. Louise made friends with Tom and Helen Willis, an interracial couple with two adult children of their own (whom George insultingly called "zebras"): son Allan (played by Jay Hammer), a zealous college drop-out who abandoned the family, passed as Caucasian and lived in Paris for two years; and daughter Jenny, an aspiring fashion designer. Jenny and Lionel became a couple, were married in December 1976, and later became the parents of a daughter, Jessica (played in later seasons by Ebonie Smith).^[5] Lionel and Jenny experienced marital issues, and divorced in the winter of 1985.

Harry Bentley and Mother Jefferson get into the swing of the music at George and Louise's party.

Five-time Emmy-nominee Marla Gibbs portrayed the role of Florence Johnston, the Jeffersons' back-talking, wisecracking, and devoutly religious housekeeper. Florence often teased George, mostly about his short stature and receding hairline.

Paul Benedict arrived as Harry Bentley, a loyal, kind, handsome, friendly British next-door neighbor, who worked as a Russian language interpreter at the United Nations. A common sight-gag of the show was George slamming the door in Bentley's face mid-conversation. Bentley also had a bad back, and frequently enlisted George to walk on his back, since he was the same weight as a Japanese woman who had treated his back in that manner. He also became known for addressing the Jeffersons as "Mr. J" and "Mrs. J".

The series also stars Zara Cully as Olivia "Mother" Jefferson, who constantly disparaged Louise as not being a good wife. Cully, who had first appeared in the 1974 All in the Family episode, "Lionel's Engagement", reprised her role. She appeared regularly in the first two seasons, but made sporadic appearances over the next two years and was written out in the fifth season (Cully died in 1978, from lung cancer; no episode was centered on Mother Jefferson's death, but it was mentioned that she had died in season 5). Ned Wertimer played the doorman, Ralph Hart, throughout the series. Another character, often spoken about but rarely seen, was Mr. Whittendale, the building operator, played by Jack Fletcher.

Cast changes [link]

Mike Evans ("Lionel") left the show after the first season; his replacement was Damon Evans (no relation), who took over the role until partway through the fourth season. Damon Evans's last episode was "Lionel Gets the Business".

Mike Evans and Tolbert returned in the 1979–1980 season, with Tolbert's character, Jenny, being pregnant with a daughter named Jessica. However, Mike Evans appeared for only one more season, along with Tolbert. The Jeffersons's sixth season peaked at #8 in the summer of 1980.

The characters of Lionel and Jenny were written out by stating they had marital problems, the result of which became a two-part episode storyline as the series' eighth season premiere. The series' eighth season was the first African-American sitcom in years (since Sanford and Son) to peak in the top 5 (the series' eighth season debuted at #3). Evans and Tolbert appeared in the two-part episode together; Evans also appeared in one episode during the series' ninth season in 1982, and made his final appearance in two episodes in the series' eleventh and final season. Berlinda Tolbert became a regular guest star throughout the rest of the series.

Lionel and Jenny.

In the spring of 1981, Paul Benedict left the show for two seasons, returning in the final two seasons of the series. However, the ratings sank below the top 30, and The Jeffersons aired its last episode, "Red Robins", on June 25, 1985.

Supporting cast [link]

Main article: List of The Jeffersons supporting characters

Notable guest appearances [link]

Episodes [link]

Main article: List of The Jeffersons episodes

The Jeffersons had many two part episodes, either over two consecutive weeks, or aired as an hour-long episode.

Production notes [link]

Exterior shot [link]

The building seen in the opening sequence is located at 185 East 85th Street in New York's Upper East Side.

Set design [link]

The balcony windows and doors were fitted with a special non-reflective material used in television to simulate real glass without the glare of studio lights. Most Norman Lear shows can be seen using this special effect.
There was a hard-to-see, decorative entry fence that establishes the foyer.
The picture on the Jeffersons' desk by the telephone changed in every episode. It alternated between shots of Louise, George, George and Louise together, Lionel, and Mother Jefferson.
In early episodes, only Tom and Helen's kitchen and, in one or two episodes, their bedroom was shown. In later seasons, the Willis' living room and foyer were the only parts of their apartment that were featured.
The blue flame stitch wallpaper that accented one wall in George and Louise's living room was actually leftover from the set re-decoration of The Young And The Restless that originally used the paper in the stairwell of the Brooks home in 1974.

Theme song [link]

Ja'net Dubois (from Good Times) and Jeff Barry co-wrote The Jeffersons's theme song, "Movin' on Up", which was sung by Dubois with a gospel choir.

"Movin' on Up" found new life in the 1990s and 2000s in a number of television commercials and other references: for example, in Nelly's song "Batter Up" (which featured Hemsley as a baseball stadium public address announcer; Hemsley also performs his signature George Jefferson dance in the video) and in Will Smith's song "Gettin' Jiggy Wit It" (Now they give it to me nice and easy/Since I moved up like George and Weezie).

The song was also used in the 2006 film Garfield: A Tail of Two Kitties. This time, the song was sung by Bill Murray who voices Garfield who joyfully sings about his new life in the palace. This version has different lyrics relating to Garfield's new life. The song is also referenced in the 2008 comedy Tropic Thunder.

Studio tapings [link]

Season 1: CBS Television City (1975)
Seasons 2-7: Metromedia Square (1975–1982)
Seasons 8-11: Universal City Studios (1982–1985)

Popularity [link]

In its first season (1974–75), the show ranked at number four, surpassed by its parent series All in the Family (which landed at number one for the fifth year in a row). The show's ratings for the following two seasons placed it in the Top 30, but during the 1977–78 and 1978–79 seasons (the show's fourth and fifth seasons), it fell out of the top 30.

It returned to the Top 10 in 1979–80, and at the end of the 1981–82 season, The Jeffersons finished third overall, only surpassed by fellow CBS series Dallas and 60 Minutes. As a result, the series remained among the Top 20 for the next two seasons.

Nielsen ratings [link]

NOTE: The highest average rating for the series is in bold text.

Season	Rank	Rating
1974-1975	#4	27.6
1975-1976	#21	21.5
1976-1977	#24	24.0
1977-1978	Not in the Top 30
1978-1979	Not in the Top 30
1979-1980	#8	24.3
1980-1981	#6	23.5
1981-1982	#3	23.4
1982-1983	#12	12.0 (Tied with Newhart)
1983-1984	#19	18.6
1984-1985	Not in the Top 30

Broadcast History [link]

NOTE: The most frequent time slot for the series is in bold text.

Saturday at 8:30-9:00 PM on CBS: January 18—April 12, 1975
Saturday at 8:00-8:30 PM on CBS: September 13, 1975—October 30, 1976
Wednesday at 8:00-8:30 PM on CBS: November 10, 1976—January 12, 1977; September 20, 1978—January 10, 1979; March 28—April 18, 1979
Monday at 8:00-8:30 PM on CBS: January 17—April 11, 1977
Saturday at 9:00-9:30 PM on CBS: September 24, 1977—March 4, 1978
Wednesday at 9:30-10:00 PM on CBS: January 24—March 7, 1979
Sunday at 9:30-10:00 PM on CBS: September 23, 1979—May 16, 1982
Sunday at 9:00-9:30 PM on CBS: September 26, 1982—December 23, 1984
Tuesday at 8:00-8:30 PM on CBS: January 8—March 19, 1985; June 18—25, 1985
Tuesday at 8:30-9:00 PM on CBS: April 2—June 11, 1985

Awards and nomination [link]

The Jeffersons received 11 Emmy Award nominations during its time on the air. Sherman Hemsley and Marla Gibbs were nominated for Best Actor and Best Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series, respectively, each year from 1981 through 1985. Isabel Sanford was nominated for six consecutive Emmys, from 1979 until 1985. Her victory in 1981 made her the second African-American actress to win an Emmy Award; Gail Fisher preceded her in 1970. Sanford was also the recipient of the five Golden Globe Awards nominations the program also received.

DVD releases [link]

Sony Pictures Home Entertainment has released the first six Seasons of The Jeffersons on DVD in Region 1. It remains unknown when the remainder of the series will be released.

DVD Name	Ep #	Release Date
The Complete First Season	13	August 6, 2002
The Complete Second Season	24	May 13, 2003
The Complete Third Season	24	April 12, 2005
The Complete Fourth Season	26	October 11, 2005
The Complete Fifth Season	24	August 15, 2006
The Complete Sixth Season	24	March 27, 2007

Footnotes [link]

^ Bryant, Jennings (2001). Television and the American Family (2 ed.). Routledge. pp. 216. ISBN 0-8058-3422-2.
^ [1]
^ Biography Channel Interview - December 2008
^ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t4JQOrFsLi0 An excerpt
^ "The Jeffersons - U.S Domestic Comedy". museum.tv. http://www.museum.tv/eotvsection.php?entrycode=jeffersonst.

References [link]

Newcomb, Horace (Ed.). (1997). Encyclopedia of Television. Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers: Chicago. ISBN 1-884964-26-5.
Mitchell, Gordon Whitey. (2008). Hackensack to Hollywood-My Two Show Business Careers. BearManor Media: Albany. ISBN 1-59393-121-2.

External links [link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: The Jeffersons

The Jeffersons at the Internet Movie Database
The Jeffersons at TV.com
The Jeffersons on TVLand.com

v t e The Jeffersons

Characters	George Jefferson • Louise Jefferson • Lionel Jefferson • List of The Jeffersons supporting characters

Episodes	Episode list • "The First Store"

v t e All in the Family

Main characters	Archie Bunker Edith Bunker Gloria Stivic Michael Stivic

Recurring characters	Joey Stivic George Jefferson Louise Jefferson Lionel Jefferson Henry Jefferson Stephanie Mills

Episodes	List of All in the Family episodes "Cousin Liz" "Edith's 50th Birthday"

Pilots	"Justice For All" "Those Were The Days"

Related series	Till Death Us Do Part Maude The Jeffersons Archie Bunker's Place Gloria 704 Hauser Good Times Checking In

Shows produced or created by Norman Lear

704 Hauser · a.k.a. Pablo · A Year at the Top · All in the Family · All That Glitters · All's Fair · America 2-Night · Archie Bunker's Place · The Baxters · Channel Umptee-3 · Fernwood 2 Night · Good Times · Hot l Baltimore · The Jeffersons · Justice For All (TV pilot) · Mary Hartman, Mary Hartman · Maude · One Day at a Time · The Powers That Be · Sanford and Son · Sunday Dinner · Those Were The Days (TV pilot)

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http://nl.wn.com/The Jeffersons

http://de.wn.com/Die Jeffersons

http://fr.wn.com/The Jeffersons

http://it.wn.com/I Jefferson

This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Jeffersons

This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.

For the American athlete, see George Jefferson (athlete).

George Jefferson
First appearance	"Henry's Farewell" (on All in the Family)
Last appearance	"Curtis Jefferson" (on Tyler Perry's House of Payne)
Created by	Norman Lear
Portrayed by	Sherman Hemsley
Information
Gender	Male
Occupation	Dry-Cleaning Business Owner (1968–)
Family	William T. Jefferson (father) Olivia Jefferson (mother) Henry Jefferson (brother) Ruby Jefferson (sister-in-law) Raymond Jefferson (nephew) Jessica Jefferson (granddaughter) Maxine Mills (sister-in-law) Jason Mills (nephew) Julie Williams (niece) Jenny Willis Jefferson (daughter-in-law)
Spouse(s)	Louise Mills (1952)
Children	Lionel Jefferson (son)

George Jefferson is a fictional character played by Sherman Hemsley on the American television sitcoms All in the Family (from 1973 until 1975) and its spin-off The Jeffersons (1975–1985). The character appears in all 253 episodes of The Jeffersons.

1 Character overview
2 Jefferson Cleaners
3 All in the Family Appearances
4 Cultural impact
5 References

Character overview [link]

George Jefferson was born in Harlem in 1929, an ambitious African-American entrepreneur who started and managed a successful chain of seven dry cleaning stores in New York City. The only background on the Jefferson family is that they were Alabama sharecroppers. In a very early episode, George's wife Louise makes mention of a conversation she had with George's father after she and George were married about the Jeffersons family roots. However, the show's writers later applied a retroactive change in the continuity of George's father, such that he had died when George was 10 years old. This left George to take care of his mother; therefore, George was unable to complete high school. He was a cook in the US Navy during the Korean War. He began dating Louise when they were teenagers and married her upon his discharge from the navy.

Before the Jeffersons' store opening, the family lived in a derelict section of Harlem. George had worked as a janitor, and Louise as a housekeeper. In one episode Louise says that the building's white janitor was properly referred to as a "custodian". George says: "Well, whenever a man of our race has that job, he is a janitor!"

George's brother Henry appeared in All in the Family during the lead-up to the spin-off of The Jeffersons. That character was created only because Sherman Hemsley was starring in the Broadway musical Purlie and not yet available to take on the part of George. Once Hemsley became available and joined the cast, the character of his brother became extraneous, and a result, Henry Jefferson never appeared on The Jeffersons. Henry's absence was attributed to his family's move to Chicago, but was mentioned one time when he had a son named Raymond (played by Gary Coleman), who came to visit his aunt Louise and uncle George in one episode of The Jeffersons.

During All in the Family, Jefferson lived in a working-class neighborhood in the borough of Queens, next door to the Bunker family, with his wife Louise (Isabel Sanford) and son Lionel (Mike Evans). During the period, between 1971 and 1973, George's perpetual absence was explained as being a result of his refusal to set foot in his bigoted neighbor Archie Bunker's home, although in later episodes relationships between Jefferson and Bunker thawed somewhat. When the spin-off series The Jeffersons began in January 1975, George and his family had moved "to a deluxe apartment in the sky" on the Upper East Side of Manhattan.

Like his neighbor Archie Bunker, George Jefferson was frequently opinionated, rude, bigoted, prone to scheming and not particularly intelligent in a scholastic sense. Unlike Archie, however, George was more quick-thinking, and usually more clever. Frequently, plots in The Jeffersons revolved around George's usually dishonest schemes, which always ended in comedic failure. In one 3rd season farcical episode {A Case of Black and White}, George schemes to obtain a new client (a mixed-race couple) by inviting them and the Willises (also a mixed-race couple) to dinner. When the Willises realize that George is using them, they leave before the new client shows up. This makes George bribe Florence the maid and Ralph the doorman into pretending to be the Willises. Eventually the Willises return, and by pretending to be Florence and Ralph, they help George land the client, while trapping George into throwing them an extravagant anniversary party.

Like Archie Bunker, George Jefferson's personality softened somewhat as years passed. By The Jeffersons series finale in 1985, the frequent racism and interracial marriage plotlines of early seasons were replaced with plots involving the Jeffersons' family life, as well as interactions with maid Florence (played by Marla Gibbs) and neighbors. George would form a grudging friendship with Tom Willis.

George made a visit on the short lived series E/R to his niece, Julie Williams (played by Lynne Moody) who was a nurse in Chicago.

Helmsley appeared as George twice on "The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air", appearing along with Isabel Sanford as Louise, debating whether or not to buy the house Will Smith's character had lived in for the last several years from his aunt and uncle in the later episode.

Jefferson Cleaners [link]

The third episode of All in the Family explained how George Jefferson started his dry-cleaning business. George Jefferson's son Lionel explains that the family used a $3,200 (approximately $18,200 in 2012^[1]) insurance settlement from a car accident to start Jefferson’s Cleaners. A Christmas flashback episode, which featured Sherman Hemsley playing his character's father, explained how he got the idea to open a dry cleaning business as a child after his father told him that dry cleaning was expensive. This episode also showed how George had been involved in money-making schemes since childhood, with him working as a shoe-shine boy and paying a schoolmate to push people into mud puddles, forcing them to get their shoes shined.

George Jefferson’s chief business rival was Gil Cunningham, with whom George had a considerably antagonistic relationship. Later in the series, after Gil Cunningham died, the Jeffersons discovered that Gil never desired to be enemies with George. It was revealed that Gil's wife (played by future L.A. Law star Susan Ruttan), had been the motivator behind this competition all along. In his will, Gil left George the bowling trophy he won vs. Jefferson Cleaners, with a letter inside warning George to never trust her because “she put the ‘cunning’ in Cunningham.” Gil was later proven right as Mrs. Cunningham, under the guise of still grieving over his passing, stole the idea from an ad campaign George was devising for Jefferson Cleaners, which stated that for every pound of laundry a customer would send in to be cleaned, they would be reimbursed one dollar. But in the end, George turned the tables on Mrs. Cunningham by bringing her all of the laundry from all seven of his cleaning stores and thereby forcing her to pay him a dollar for every pound, which amounted to $10,000.^[2]

A later season "flashback" episode of The Jeffersons depicted the day the very first Jefferson Cleaners store opened for business, which happened to be the day Martin Luther King, Jr. was assassinated in April 1968; however, this contradicts the previous history established during All in the Family 's first season (in early 1971), where Lionel announced that his parents had just started their own dry cleaning business with money his father had received in a disability settlement.

[edit] All in the Family Appearances

The following is a list of All in the Family episodes featuring George Jefferson before and during The Jeffersons.

Season Four [link]

Episode 6: "Henry's Farewell"
Episode 14: "Archie Is Cursed"
Episode 20: "Lionel's Engagement"
Episode 23: "Pay the Twenty Dollars"

Season Eight [link]

Episode 22: "Mike's New Job"

Cultural impact [link]

The lingering cultural impact of the George Jefferson character is such that Michelle Obama, the wife of then-presidential candidate Barack Obama, referenced George Jefferson in a June 2008 interview with the New York Times. Referring to an unfounded rumor discussed by a blogger that she had once used the word "whitey" in a speech, Michelle Obama told the Times: "You are amazed sometimes at how deep the lies can be . . . I mean, ‘whitey’? That’s something that George Jefferson would say. Anyone who says that doesn’t know me. They don’t know the life I’ve lived. They don’t know anything about me."^[3]

References [link]

^ http://www.usinflationcalculator.com/
^ Facebook
^ Michael Powell and Jodi Kantor (2008-06-18). "Michelle Obama Looks for a New Introduction". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/18/us/politics/18michelle.html. Retrieved 2008-06-18.

v t e The Jeffersons

Characters	George Jefferson • Louise Jefferson • Lionel Jefferson • List of The Jeffersons supporting characters

Episodes	Episode list • "The First Store"

v t e All in the Family

Main characters	Archie Bunker Edith Bunker Gloria Stivic Michael Stivic

Recurring characters	Joey Stivic George Jefferson Louise Jefferson Lionel Jefferson Henry Jefferson Stephanie Mills

Episodes	List of All in the Family episodes "Cousin Liz" "Edith's 50th Birthday"

Pilots	"Justice For All" "Those Were The Days"

Related series	Till Death Us Do Part Maude The Jeffersons Archie Bunker's Place Gloria 704 Hauser Good Times Checking In

http://wn.com/George_Jefferson

This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Jefferson

This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.

Adam Charles Kokesh
Kokesh in 2009
Born	(1982-02-01) February 1, 1982 (age 30) California
Allegiance	USA
Service/branch	United States Marine Corps
Years of service	1999–2007
Rank	Corporal
Unit	3rd Civil Affairs Group^[1]
Battles/wars	Iraq War
Other work	Talk show host, political activist

Adam Charles Kokesh (born February 1, 1982) is an American activist and talk radio host. Kokesh was a Corporal in the United States Marine Corps Reserve and is a veteran of the Iraq War. He is an outspoken opponent of the U.S. military intervention in Iraq and has received media attention related to anti-war protest activities. He is the son of Charles Kokesh, a Santa Fe venture capitalist, founder of a firm called Technology Funding and owner of the Santa Fe Horse Park.^[2]

1 Marine Corps service
- 1.1 Hearing
2 Protest activities
- 2.1 VFW position
3 2010 congressional campaign
4 "Adam vs The Man"
5 See also
6 References
7 External links

Marine Corps service [link]

Kokesh attended the Native American Preparatory School in San Ysidro, New Mexico.^[3] He enlisted in the United States Marine Corps in 1999.^[4] In 2004, he served in Fallujah.^[5] He was a liaison between the U.S. military and Iraqi civilians as a member of the 3rd Civil Affairs Group.^[1] He also worked a security checkpoint while in Iraq.^[6] He brought home a pistol from Iraq in 2004^[4] in violation of military rules, which prevented his return for a second Iraq tour.^[6] Kokesh "had risen to the rank of sergeant after three-and-a-half years in the Reserves" and "was demoted to corporal and soon thereafter discharged honorably with a re-enlistment code that basically said, 'you can't re-enlist.'"^[6] Having experienced combat in Fallujah, Kokesh received the Combat Action Ribbon and the Navy Commendation Medal after his honorable discharge from active duty.^[7]

After his discharge, and during a March 19, 2007 protest he attended, Kokesh was in the Individual Ready Reserve (IRR);^[6] a superior officer identified him in a photo caption in the Washington Post.^[8] On "March 29, a Marine major sent him an e-mail to tell him he was being investigated for misconduct by appearing at a political event in uniform. Kokesh responded, telling the major what he thought" and used an expletive in his reply, resulting in an additional misconduct charge.^[6] The charges were "brought under the Uniform Code of Military Justice, which applies only to service members," confusing some veterans and lawyers.^[6]

Hearing [link]

In May 2007, a hearing was convened to consider changing Kokesh's military discharge from "honorable" to "other than honorable" on two points: "Disrespect toward a Superior Commissioned Officer," and violating "Wearing of the uniform" regulation.^[9]^[10] The panel recommended Kokesh be given a "general discharge under honorable conditions,"^[11] a discharge status below "honorable," and above "other than honorable".^[12] Kokesh appealed the decision, and was denied.^[13]^{[broken citation]}

Protest activities [link]

After returning from Iraq, Kokesh resumed his studies and completed his bachelor's degree in psychology at Claremont McKenna College. In February 2007, Kokesh became an active participant in the Iraq Veterans Against the War (IVAW). On March 19, 2007, to mark the 4th anniversary of the 2003 invasion of Iraq, Kokesh and 12 other Iraq Veterans Against the War members participated in an occupation-like mock patrol of Washington D.C.^[14] Kokesh first came to national attention after he was interviewed on CNN and his photograph appeared in newspapers throughout the country, including the front page of the Los Angeles Times at a protest during Alberto Gonzales's testimony to Congress regarding the dismissal of U.S. attorneys. Kokesh, wearing his Marine Corps Boonie hat, held up a large sign counting the number of times Gonzalez said "I don't remember" or "I don't recall" (Kokesh claimed Gonzalez used such phrases 74 times).^[15]

Kokesh arrest at Senate Hart office building, April 26, 2007

In April 2007 Kokesh and a number of other activists were arrested for protesting the Iraq war in the Senate Hart Office Building. Kokesh had performed a ceremony for lost service members using an American flag.^[16]^[17]^[18]

In June 2007 Kokesh, along with IVAW members Liam Madden and Nate Lewis, were arrested for crossing onto the property of Ft. Benning near Columbus, Georgia. On June 13, the government filed a motion to dismiss the trespass charges.^[19]^{[verification needed]} The property is the former location of the School of the Americas.

Kokesh enrolled in graduate studies in political management at George Washington University.^[20] In October 2007, Kokesh, along with six other students, created controversy by putting up satirical political posters across the university campus. The posters featured a picture of a stereotypical Arab man and the headline "Hate Muslims? So do we!!!," with illustrative captions explaining that the typical Muslim is equipped with a venom-spouting mouth, laser-shooting eyes, and hidden AK-47:s, among other parodical features. The poster was signed "Students for Conservativo-Fascism Awareness," and encouraged students to visit the right-wing website terrorismawareness.org. Kokesh and the six other students publicly admitted to responsibility amidst accusations that the poster was Islamophobic, maintaining that their intent was to spread awareness of what they considered to be the overtly racist intentions of the above-mentioned website's "Islamo-Fascism Awareness Week" organized by a conservative student organization and featuring David Horowitz.^[21]

On September 2, 2008, Kokesh spoke at Representative Ron Paul's Rally for the Republic in St. Paul, Minnesota, where he stated, "While it is our responsibility now to resist tyranny civily, while we still can, there may come a time when we will say to the powers that be, be it with your blood or ours we have come to water the tree of liberty … who will stand with me?"

On September 4, 2008, Kokesh interrupted Senator John McCain's acceptance speech of the GOP nomination for President at the Republican National Convention in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Holding a sign reading "McCain Votes Against Vets" on one side and "You can't win an occupation" on the other,^[22] Kokesh yelled, "Ask him why he votes against vets!" A member of the audience grabbed the sign and tore it in two. Kokesh was released shortly after being detained by local police.^[23]

On May 28, 2011, Kokesh and other activists participated in a flash mob-silent dance at the Thomas Jefferson Memorial in Washington, D.C. in protest of a recent ruling against dancing at federal monuments; the activists were arrested through the use of physical force by U.S. Park Police officers after actively resisting arrest and ignoring officers' commands.^[24] A much larger protest the following Saturday, June 4, 2011, organized by Kokesh and Code Pink, involved about 200 protesters and 75 dancers. About 10 minutes after the dancing began, police began clearing the monument.^[25] No arrests were made. When asked by a journalist if he had a permit to protest, Kokesh reportedly produced a copy of the Constitution and said, "Actually I got a permit. It's the same one I swore an oath to when I enlisted in the Marine Corps. And it says something about 'freedom of assembly.' Which means you don't need permission from anybody to come together and speak your mind."^[26]

VFW position [link]

The national commander of the Veterans of Foreign Wars has defended the right of Kokesh and others who have been given honorable discharges to protest in uniform or in a tank.^[20]

2010 congressional campaign [link]

In 2010, Adam Kokesh attempted to unseat Democratic representative Ben Ray Luján in New Mexico's heavily Democratic 3rd congressional district running as a libertarian-oriented Republican.^[27] Kokesh received mostly out-of-state money,^[27] support from Ron Paul,^[28] and an endorsement from the Republican Liberty Caucus, the organization that represents the libertarian wing of the Republican Party.^[29] Kokesh's opponent in the New Mexico GOP primary was Tom Mullins^[30] to whom he lost.^[31]

"Adam vs The Man"[link]

Since July 2010 Kokesh hosted a talk radio program called "Adam vs. The Man." The program airs weekdays from the studios of 1550 KIVA in Albuquerque, New Mexico.^[32] In April 2011 his show was picked up by Russia Today television network ("RT").^[33] Accuracy in Media criticized Kokesh's appearing on RT, a non-profit organization which largely is funded by the Russian government.^[34]^[35]^[36] The conservative group wrote that RT uses Americans like Kokesh to make propaganda points.^[37] The show was canceled in August 2011.^[38]

Kokesh has continued his "Adam vs. The Man" video reports independently on YouTube, noting he was "fired from my only radio and TV gigs."^[39] On the channel he has filed some critical reports of the "Occupy DC" version of the Occupy Wall Street movement.^[40]^[41]

References [link]

^ ^a ^b Iraq War Stories: Adam Kokesh, Albuquerque Journal, September 5, 2010
^ Bob Quick (May 23, 2007). "Iraq veteran marches in Germany protest". The Santa Fe New Mexican: p. C.1.
^ Matthew Reichbach, Adam Kokesh launches northern New Mexico congressional campaign, American Independent News Network, July 6, 2009.
^ ^a ^b Heather Hollingsworth (May 31, 2007). "Marine Vet Faces Hearing Over Protest". The Washington Post (The Associated Press). http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/05/31/AR2007053100249.html.
^ Karen Matthews (May 28, 2007). "Anti-war Iraq vets protest in N.Y.C.; Street theater aims at telling truth, they say". The Record (The Associated Press): p. A.04.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Stephen Koff (May 30, 2007). "Anti-war veterans claim military seeks to muzzle them". Newhouse News Service: p. 1.
^ David Montgomery (May 31, 2007). "Antiwar to the Corps: Marine Reservist-Protesters Face Discipline". Washington Post: p. C.1. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/05/30/AR2007053002627.html.
^ "Anti-war Marine faces hearing over uniform". The Brattleboro Reformer. June 5, 2007.
^ "Corps accused of 'muzzle' tactics," by Stephen Koff. The Plain Dealer, May 31, 2007. [1]
^ Kokesh's letter with scan of Notification of Separation Proceedings
^ David Montgomery (June 5, 2007). "Marines Reduce Penalty For Reservist-Protester". The Washington Post: p. C.2.
^ "US panel punishes anti-war marine". BBC News. June 5, 2007. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/6723521.stm.
^ Anti-war Marine loses appeal; final decision on discharge expected within a week.[2]
^ David Montgomery (March 21, 2007). "Anti-war Iraq vets stage mock patrol D.C. residents get taste of occupation". The Journal Gazette: p. 6.A.
^ Kane, Paul (April 20, 2007). "The AG hearing: A post-mortem". The Washington Post. http://blog.washingtonpost.com/capitol-briefing/2007/04/the_ag_hearing_a_post_mortem.html.
^ Marine veteran, protester faces discharge, United Press International, June 4, 2007.
^ Fighting on the battlefield of policy: Graduate student attacks Bush's war stance, The GW Hatchet, April 30, 2007.
^ CodePink supports Peace Coalition, CodePink Dc blog, April 27, 2007.
^ Associated Press,Trespass charges against veteran protesters dropped June 14, 2007
^ ^a ^b David Montgomery, In Clash With Marines, Reservists Gain Ally in VFW, Washington Post, June 2, 2007.
^ Seven GW students admit to hanging controversial posters
^ Indianapolis Star, McCain's speech interrupted by protestors September 4, 2008
^ The American Prospect, McCain Heckler Detained, Handcuffed, and Released Outside Excel Center September 4, 2008
^ Sarah Kaufman, Dancing in Jefferson Memorial? Our Founding Father would approve, Washington Post, May 2011; includes screen shot of Kokesh's video report Adam Kokesh body slammed, choked, police brutality at Jefferson Memorial, video uploaded May 28, 2011 to Adam Kokesh Youtube page.
^ Lori Aratani (June 5, 2011). "Dancers shimmy at the Jefferson Memorial". The Washington Post. http://www.washingtonpost.com/local/dancers-shimmy-at-the-jefferson-memorial/2011/06/04/AGb284IH_story.html.
^ John Henrehan (June 7, 2011). "Dancing Again At Jefferson Memorial; No Arrests". Fox News. http://www.myfoxdc.com/dpp/news/local/dancing-again-at-jefferson-memorial%3B-no-arrests.
^ ^a ^b Heath Haussamen (July 21, 2009). "Adam Kokesh campaigns in Ron Paul’s shadow: Ron Paul’s support won’t help Kokesh win congressional bid, UNM prof says". New Mexico Independent. http://newmexicoindependent.com/32289/ron-paul%E2%80%99s-support-won%E2%80%99t-help-kokesh-win-unm-prof-says.
^ Steve Terrell (July 17, 2009). "Kokesh to take on Lujan as Republican: Previously undecided, 'Revolutionary Patriot' files under GOP for race". McClatchy.
^ 2010 Endorsed Candidates, Republican Liberty Caucus website.
^ Steve Terrell (May 17, 2010). "3rd Congressional District 'Traditional Republican' vs. Anti-war Veteran". The Santa Fe New Mexican: p. A.1. http://www.santafenewmexican.com/localnews/3rd-congressional-district--Traditional-Republican--squares-off.
^ Steve Terrell (June 2, 2010). "Oilman defeats Kokesh in GOP house race". The Santa Fe New Mexican: p. A.5. http://www.santafenewmexican.com/LocalNews/3rd-congressional-district-Oilman-defeats-S-F--s-Kokesh-in-GOP-.
^ "Adam vs. The Man" page on 1550 KIVA-AM.
^ RT America Launches New Show, Hosted by Former US Marine, Adam Kokesh, press release on Adam vs The Man web site, April 4, 2011.
^ James Painter, The boom in counter-hegemonic news channels: a case study of Telesur, (undated), Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism at Oxford University.
^ Russia Today Courts Viewers With Controversy The Moscow Times March 17, 2010
^ Stephen Boykewich (16-09-05). "Russia Today Television Misses Launch Date". The Moscow Times. http://www.themoscowtimes.com/news/article/russia-today-television-misses-launch-date/209898.html.
^ "KGB TV to Air Show Hosted by Anti-war Marine Vet". Accuracy in Media. 05-04-11. http://www.aim.org/aim-column/kgb-tv-to-air-show-hosted-by-anti-war-marine-vet/.
^ "FINAL EPISODE: East Coast Quake, Libya Rebellion, You The Viewer, Teachers & Social Media, Net Neutrality, Media Blackout on Ron Paul?". RT. 08-25-11. http://www.adamvstheman.com/blog/episodes/final-episode-east-coast-quake-libya-rebellion-you-the-viewer-teachers-social-media-net-neutrality-media-blackout-on-ron-paul/.
^ Profile description at Youtube.com/AdamKokesh.
^ Lucy Steigerwald, Occupy DC Digs Democracy, Hints at Revolution, Doesn't like War, Corporations, or The Two Party System, Reason Magazine, October 7, 2011.
^ See videos at Youtube.com/AdamKokesh, including: Obama Supporters "Occupy" DC and Occupation movement does not represent the 99%.

External links [link]

Persondata
Name	Kokesh, Adam
Alternative names
Short description	United States Marine
Date of birth	February 1, 1982
Place of birth	New Mexico
Date of death
Place of death

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This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.

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