name	Holly Robinson Peete
birth name	Holly Elizabeth Robinson
birth date	September 18, 1964
birth place	Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
name	Holly Robinson Peete
occupation	Actress, singer, presenter
yearsactive	1969–present
notable role	Judy Hoffs in ''21 Jump Street'' Vanessa Russell in ''Hangin' with Mr. Cooper'' Malena Ellis in ''For Your Love''
spouse	Rodney Peete (1995–present)
children	1 girl, 3 boys }}

Holly Elizabeth Robinson Peete (born September 18, 1964) is an American actress and singer. She is perhaps best known for her roles as Judy Hoffs on the Fox TV police drama ''21 Jump Street'', Vanessa Russell on the ABC sitcom ''Hangin' with Mr. Cooper'', and Dr. Malena Ellis on the NBC/WB sitcom ''For Your Love''. After graduating from high school, Peete entered Sarah Lawrence College in New York. She majored in psychology and French, and can speak four languages. During her time as an undergraduate, she spent a year abroad at the Sorbonne in Paris, France. After she graduated in 1986, she considered attending graduate school and perhaps working in languages for the U.S. State Department. However, her love of acting contributed to her decision to give an acting career a chance for a few months first. Within a short time, Peete found roles on a television series and in two films, and thoughts of graduate school were left behind.

Peete served as one of the original five co-hosts of the CBS daytime talk show ''The Talk''. She was not asked back for the show's second season for untold reasons.

Peete's children's book, "My Brother Charlie", won her an NAACP Image Award for ''Outstanding Literary Work'' in March 2011.

Early life

Peete was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to Dolores and Matt Robinson (the original Gordon on ''Sesame Street''). Her mother was a school teacher, in public relations, and later a personal talent manager, and her father a producer/writer. She has an older brother named Matthew Thomas III. In 1974, her family moved to California. Peete graduated from Santa Monica High School in Santa Monica, California, where her classmates included Rob Lowe. Peete graduated from Sarah Lawrence College with a degree in psychology and French. Peete studied abroad for a year at the Sorbonne, and is fluent in French. While there she sang in Paris nightclubs, including a memorable performance with jazz legend Lionel Hampton at the Hotel Meridian Jazz Club.

Career

In 1969, she made her first TV appearance by playing a little girl named Sally on the very first episode of ''Sesame Street''. At the age of 11, Holly worked for the children's show Kidsworld as a celebrity correspondent; she interviewed many actors and actresses for the program. As an actress, she has appeared on the television series ''21 Jump Street'' (1987—1991), ''Hangin' with Mr. Cooper'' (1992—1997), ''For Your Love'' (1998—2002), and ''Like Family'' (2003—2004). In 1992 she portrayed Diana Ross in ''The Jacksons: An American Dream''. Robinson most recently starred on the UPN comedy ''Love, Inc.''. The show lasted just one season, and was canceled after the WB/UPN merger.

Robinson has also had a limited career as a singer and recording artist, including the introductory song to ''21 Jump Street.'' She contributed a variety of songs to the soundtrack of the film ''Howard the Duck''. (She appeared as a musician/singer in a minor role in the film.) She recorded the theme song "We Got Our Love" for the 1988 film ''Three for the Road''. She and Dawnn Lewis, along with R&B; quartet En Vogue, performed the theme song for Season 1 of ''Hangin' with Mr. Cooper''.

Robinson has been a spokesperson for Colgate Total toothpaste since 2008. Robinson and her husband currently co-host a talk show on Oprah & Friends Radio. In 2009, she co-starred in the ABC comedy pilot, ''The Bridget Show''.

In 2006, she won, along with fellow writer Daniel Paisner, the Quills Award in Sports for the book ''Get Your Own Damn Beer, I'm Watching the Game!: A Woman's Guide to Loving Pro Football''. Peete and her daughter Ryan Elizabeth co-wrote a children's book ''My Brother Charlie'', which was released in March 2010.

In 2010, she participated in the third season of ''Celebrity Apprentice'', playing for her own charity, the HollyRod Foundation, which provides support for families with autism. She set an "Apprentice" record for the most money made on a single task, and finished as the runner-up to winner Bret Michaels.

Robinson began co-hosting ''The Talk'', a CBS daytime talk show, on October 18, 2010.

Robinson is known for expressing herself through her ethnicity and being vocal on especially issues of the African American race and autism, which one of her children, Rodney, has. In April 2011, Robinson hosted a weekly series on ''The Talk'' promoting autism awareness.

After serving on ''The Talk'' for its first season, Robinson, along with Leah Remini, were unceremoniously released. Failure to ever disclose why the two were let go brought on a great deal of audience criticism of the show, as well as protests from the stars' fans. While there was speculation that their former ''Talk'' co-host, Julie Chen, had involvement in the decision as she's married to the CBS President and CEO, Leslie Moonves, it was Sharon Osbourne, their other former ''Talk'' co-host, who explained their dismissals, stating: ''"Some people dont really know who they are. And you have to know who you are when you're in something like this. You can't pretend to be something you're not. You have to know your brand. You can't be all things to everyone."'' Additionally, Osbourne commented on the failure to let Remini and Peete know why they were let go, stating ''"Why should we call them to discuss?"''

Robinson hosted the 42nd NAACP Image Awards, alongside Wayne Brady, on March 4, 2011.

Personal life

On June 10, 1995, Robinson married Rodney Peete, a National Football League quarterback. He proposed by surprising Holly during an episode of ''Hangin' with Mr. Cooper''. Together, they have four children: daughter Ryan Elizabeth and son Rodney Jr. (twins born in 1997), son Robinson (born in 2002), and son Roman (born in 2005). Rodney Jr., was diagnosed with autism at age 3. One of Holly's closest friends is Terry Ellis of the popular R&B; group En Vogue.

After her father was diagnosed with Parkinson's Disease, Robinson and her husband co-founded the HollyRod Foundation, which is dedicated to help find a cure for the disease and assist those living with the condition.

Filmography

''Howard the Duck (film) ''The Jacksons: An American Dream'' ''Killers in the House'' ''After All (film) ''My Wonderful Life'' ''Earthquake'' ''Matters of Life and Dating'' ''The Bridget Show'' ''Speed-Dating'' ''The Talk (U.S. TV series) ''The Young and the Restless'' ''Mike & Molly'' ''21_Jump_Street_(film)#Cast

style="background: #B0C4DE;"	Year	Title	Role	Notes
1979	Dummy (1979 film)>Dummy''	Genettia Lang
1986	Howard the Duck'' ||	K.C., Cherry Bomb
1992	|	Diana Ross
1998	|	Jennie Sawyer
1999	After All'' ||	Michelle Troussaint
2002	|	Samika
2004	|	Heaven
2007	|
2009	|		TV Movie
2010	|	Gayle
2010-11	The Talk''||	Herself
2011	|	Herself	July 28, 2011 episode
2011-12	|	Christina	5 episodes
2012	21 Jump Street''||	Judy Hoffs	Cameo

References

External links

Holly Robinson Peete 2006 Interview on ''Sidewalks Entertainment''

Holly Robinson Peete Biography

Category:1964 births Category:Living people Category:Sarah Lawrence College alumni Category:University of Paris alumni Category:American expatriates in France Category:American television actors Category:American television talk show hosts Category:People from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Category:African-American actors Category:Participants in American reality television series Category:The Apprentice (U.S. TV series) contestants

de:Holly Robinson Peete es:Holly Robinson Peete fr:Holly Robinson Peete nl:Holly Robinson-Peete pl:Holly Robinson Peete sv:Holly Robinson Peete

birthname	Jonah Hill Feldstein
birth date	December 20, 1983
birth place	Los Angeles, California, U.S.
occupation	Actor, producer, screenwriter, comedian
yearsactive	2004–present
homepage	}}

Jonah Hill (born Jonah Hill Feldstein; December 20, 1983) is an American actor, producer, screenwriter, and comedian, best known for his roles in ''Superbad'' (2007), ''Knocked Up'' (2007), ''Funny People'' (2009), ''Get Him to the Greek'' (2010), ''Moneyball'' (2011), and ''21 Jump Street'' (2012). He made his theatrical debut in ''I Heart Huckabees'' (2004), alongside Jason Schwartzman and Dustin Hoffman. He also co-created and starred in the animated comedy ''Allen Gregory'' on FOX. Hill was first nominated for a Teen Choice Award for his role in ''Accepted'' (2006) as Sherman Schrader, and for his role in ''Moneyball'' he was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor.

Early life

Hill was born in Los Angeles, California, the son of Sharon Lyn (née Chalkin), a costume designer and fashion stylist, and Richard Feldstein, a tour accountant for Guns N' Roses. Hill was raised Jewish. His parents were originally from Long Island, New York, and the family vacationed in the Catskills. He attended The Center for Early Education, Brentwood School and then Crossroads School, in Santa Monica. After graduating from high school, Hill left California to attend The New School, where he studied music and sport.

Career

While in college, Hill began writing his own plays and performing them in the ''Black and White'' bar in the East Village neighborhood of New York City. His plays developed a small following and helped him realize that his true desire was to act in films. Hill was befriended by Dustin Hoffman's children, Rebecca and Jake, who introduced Hill to their father. The elder Hoffman asked him to audition for a role in ''I Heart Huckabees'', in which Hill made his film debut.

Hill then made a brief appearance in Judd Apatow's directorial debut ''The 40-Year-Old Virgin'', which eventually led to him starring in a larger supporting role in the Apatow-directed ''Knocked Up'', an uncredited role of Dewey Cox's grown-up brother Nate Cox in ''Walk Hard: The Dewey Cox Story'', and leading roles in the Apatow-produced ''Superbad'' and ''Get Him to the Greek''.

On television, Hill played the "RA Guy" on the first season of the Oxygen Network sitcom ''Campus Ladies''. He also guest-starred in an episode of ''Clark and Michael''.

He was scheduled to host ''Saturday Night Live'' on November 17, 2007, which would have featured musical guest Kid Rock, but the episode was canceled due to the Writers Guild of America strike which lasted from November 5, 2007, to February 12, 2008. Instead, he hosted the March 15, 2008, show, which featured musical guest Mariah Carey (who was a replacement for the originally scheduled musical guest Janet Jackson).

He guest-starred in an episode of ''Reno 911'' which aired on April 1, 2009.

Hill was in negotiations for a part in ''Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen'' as a sidekick to Shia LaBeouf's character, but this didn't go through. He next starred in Judd Apatow's third directorial feature, ''Funny People'', which also starred Adam Sandler, Eric Bana and Seth Rogen. He also was an associate producer of the 2009 Sacha Baron Cohen mockumentary ''Brüno''.

He guest starred on an episode of ''The Simpsons'' called "Pranks and Greens", portraying an immature man named Andy Hamilton who was hailed the best prankster in Springfield Elementary School history.

In July 2011, Hill appeared at ESPN's ESPY awards sporting a much slimmer physique. He claimed to have lost 40 pounds. In November 2011, Hill, along with Sam Worthington and Dwight Howard, starred in commercials for the video game ''Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 3'', making his first appearance with his new look. Hill was scheduled to guest star on the November 21, 2011 edition of WWE Monday Night Raw, but he skipped the event and a reason for Hill's no-show was not made clear.

Hill received a Golden Globe nomination, his first nomination, for Best Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role in a Motion Picture for his performance in the 2011 sports film ''Moneyball'', in which he portrayed his first dramatic role as Peter Brandt. In late January 2012, Hill received his first Oscar nomination for Best Actor in a Supporting Role for his role in Moneyball.

Hill co-starred with Channing Tatum in the film ''21 Jump Street'' in 2012. In August 2011, it was confirmed that Hill would star in ''Neighborhood Watch''. Later in 2011, it was announced that Jonah Hill was in talks to star in Quentin Tarantino's new movie ''Django Unchained''. However, Hill had to decline a possible role due to his prior commitment to ''Neighborhood Watch'', lamenting that to act in a Tarantino movie was "the perfect next step" in his career.

Writing

Hill has wanted to be a writer since he was young, dreaming of someday joining the writing teams of ''The Simpsons'', ''Saturday Night Live'' and ''The Larry Sanders Show''. At one point, Hill was writing a screenplay with close friend and ''I Heart Huckabees'' co-star Jason Schwartzman. At another, he was writing ''Pure Imagination'', a comedy for Sony about a man who develops an imaginary friend after a traumatic experience. Filming was expected to begin in 2008, but it has been in development since then. Hill directed his first music video, for singer Sara Bareilles's "Gonna Get Over You".

Filmography

Film

'''' ''Grandma's Boy (2006 film) ''Knocked Up'' ''Strange Wilderness'' ''Brüno'' ''How to Train Your Dragon (film) "Gonna Get Over You" ''21 Jump Street (film) ''The Apocalypse (2013 film) ''How to Train Your Dragon 2''

Year !! Title !! Role !! Notes
2004	''I Heart Huckabees''	Bret
2005	|	eBay store Customer
rowspan="4"	2006	Grandma's Boy'' ||	Barry
''Click (2006 film)	Click''	Ben Newman – at age 17
''Accepted''	Sherman Schrader
''10 Items or Less (film)	10 Items or Less''	Packy
rowspan="5"	2007	|	Jonah
''Evan Almighty''	Eugene Tenanbaum
''Rocket Science (2007 film)	Rocket Science''	Lionel
''Superbad (film)	Superbad''	Seth
''Walk Hard: The Dewey Cox Story''	Nate Cox's Ghost
rowspan="8"	2008	|	Lynn Cooker
''Forgetting Sarah Marshall''	Matthew
''Just Add Water (film)	Just Add Water''	Eddie
''Horton Hears a Who	(film)	Horton Hears a Who!	Tommy
''Emerson Park''	Dylan Machado
''Night at the Museum: Battle of the Smithsonian''	Brundon
''Funny People''	Leo
''''	Frank
2009	|	–	Associate Producer Only
rowspan="4"	2010	How to Train Your Dragon'' ||	Snotlout	Voice role
''Get Him to the Greek''
''Cyrus (2010 comedy-drama film)	Cyrus''	Cyrus
''Megamind''	Titan/Hal Stewart
rowspan="3"	2011	|	Director	Music video
''Moneyball (film)	Moneyball''
''''	Noah Jaybird
rowspan="3"	2012	21 Jump Street'' ||	Schmidt	Writer, Executive Producer
''Neighborhood Watch (film)	Neighborhood Watch''	Franklin
''Good Time Gang''	Unknown
2013	The Apocalypse'' ||	Jonah Hill	Pre-Production
2014	|	Snotlout	Voice role; Pre-Production

Television

''Campus Ladies'' ''Wainy Days'' ''Reno 911!'' ''Allen Gregory''

Year !! Title !! Role !! Notes
2004	''NYPD Blue''	Clerk
2006	|	Guy	7 Episodes
rowspan="3"	2007	|	Neil	(TV series short), Two Episodes
''Clark and Michael''	Derek
''Human Giant''	Weenie King Customer
rowspan="3"	2009	|	Daniel	Episode "Training Day"
''Tim and Eric Awesome Show, Great Job!''	Jeffrey Simmons
''The Simpsons''	Andy Hamilton
2011	|	Allen Gregory	Voice, Title Character

References

External links

The ''Superbad'' boys: exclusive video interview with stv.tv/movies

Photo spread of Jonah Hill with Riley Keough in Harper's Bazaar

Category:1983 births Category:Actors from California Category:American film actors Category:American Jews Category:American screenwriters Category:American television actors Category:American voice actors Category:Jewish actors Category:Living people Category:People from Los Angeles, California

ar:جونا هيل da:Jonah Hill de:Jonah Hill es:Jonah Hill fr:Jonah Hill id:Jonah Hill it:Jonah Hill he:ג'ונה היל nl:Jonah Hill ja:ジョナ・ヒル no:Jonah Hill pl:Jonah Hill pt:Jonah Hill ru:Хилл, Джона simple:Jonah Hill sv:Jonah Hill zh:喬納·希爾

name	Leah Remini
birthname	Leah Marie Remini
birth date	June 15, 1970
birth place	Brooklyn, New York, U.S.
occupation	Actress, model
yearsactive	1988–present
spouse	Angelo Pagán(2003–present; 1 child) Height- 5 ft 3 ins
website	LeahRemini.com }}

Leah Marie Remini (born June 15, 1970) is an American actress and model. She is best known for her role as Carrie Heffernan on the CBS sitcom ''The King of Queens'' and as Stacey Carosi on the NBC sitcom ''Saved by the Bell''. She was also one of the co-hosts on daytime CBS network talk show/series, ''The Talk'', before being released for untold reasons.

Early life

Leah Remini was born in Bensonhurst, Brooklyn, New York City, the daughter of Vicki Marshall, a private school teacher, and George Remini, who owned an asbestos removal company. Her mother is of Austrian Jewish background and her father was Sicilian. Remini has an older sister, Nicole Remini (born 1969), who was her assistant on ''The King of Queens''. She also has four half-sisters, including Christina (born 1969).

Remini moved to Los Angeles at the age of 13 with her mother. When Remini was 14, she left school and worked as a hostess at a restaurant while auditioning for acting jobs.

Television career

One of Remini's early television roles was on ''Who's The Boss'' as Charlie Briscoe, which led to a spin off series entitled "Living Dolls" where Remini starred with Halle Berry. Remini also starred on ''Saved by the Bell'', where she played Stacey Carosi. She then appeared in two short-lived series, ''First Time Out'' and ''Fired Up''. In 1994, Remini auditioned for the role of Monica Geller in "Friends" but the role went to Courtney Cox; However, she did appear in the 1995 episode The One with the Birth. In 1998, Remini landed the role of Carrie Heffernan on the CBS sitcom ''The King of Queens''. During her time on the show, she had a supporting role in the comedy film, ''Old School'' (2003). Remini also starred in her own reality show which aired on VH1. ''The King of Queens'' ran for nine seasons, from September 21, 1998 to May 14, 2007. Since ''The King of Queens'' ended, Remini has starred in nine-episode webisodes of ''In the Motherhood'', along with Chelsea Handler and Jenny McCarthy. She has made two guest appearance on ''Chelsea Lately''. On December 15, 2009, Remini appeared as Carrie Heffernan on ''Lopez Tonight'' with George Lopez as Doug Heffernan in an episode reuniting the cast of the ''George Lopez'' sitcom. In fall of 2011 Leah Remini signed a talent deal with ABC.

The Talk

:Remini was a co-host on ''The Talk'', a talk show which premiered October 18, 2010, on CBS. Julie Chen, Sara Gilbert, Holly Robinson Peete, and Sharon Osbourne were her co-hosts. The show is similar to ''The View'' and seeks to address motherhood and contemporary issues. Remini drew criticism within the first week of the show's debut, accused of being too loud and obtrusive. It was stated on one episode that she had received a significant amount of negative Twitter tweets about it. Remini addressed the issue, stating she refused to change who she is and asserted that thousands of fans like her for who she is. Her co-hosts supported her response. After the first season ended, Remini was not asked to return to the show. Just weeks after Remini was let go, her former co-host, Holly Robinson Peete, was also informed that her contract wasn't being renewed either.

:Failure to ever disclose why Remini and Peete were each let go brought on a great deal of criticism of the show and protests from the stars' fans. While there was much speculation that their former ''Talk'' co-host, Julie Chen, had involvement in the decision as she's married to the CBS President and CEO, Leslie Moonves, it was Sharon Osbourne, their other former ''Talk'' co-host, who explained their dismissals in December of 2011 on ''The Howard Stern Show'', stating: ''"Some people dont really know who they are. And you have to know who you are when you're in something like this. You can't pretend to be something you're not. You have to know your brand. You can't be all things to everyone."'' Additionally, Osbourne commented on the failure to let Remini and Peete know why they were let go, stating ''"Why should we call them to discuss?"''

:In March of 2012, a heavily publicized Twitter dispute ignited between Remini and Osbourne when Remini fired back at Osbourne for her comments on ''The Howard Stern Show''. In response to questions from her Twitter followers, Remini tweeted: ''"Ask Sharon. She had us fired,"'' and ''"Sharon thought me and Holly were too 'Ghetto'. (her words) we were not funny, awkward and didn't know ourselves. Haters Gon' Hate. True. But, Haters have the balls to say they 'Hate'...not call themselves your friend. she had us fired all the while calling me and holly her friend. heartbreaking. Yes. she had us fired, she told howard stern.,which explains why she never called us back."'' In response, Osbourne tweeted: ''"I had absolutely nothing to do with her departure from the show & have no idea why she continues to take to Twitter to spread this false gossip. Leah knows that I have never been in the position to hire or fire anyone on the show. That being said, my only wish is that Leah would just stop all this negative, unprofessional and childish behavior. It's been seven months. . .it's time to move on. Leah is a very talented actress and I only wish her happiness and success. I know that better things are to come if she can just get beyond this negativity."'' Remini tweeted back that she had no intention of keeping quiet and that Osbourne: ''"just wants publicity out of this. If someone wants me to stop, they should call a lawyer and tell them what I am NOT telling the truth about. We can go from there."'' In an additional tweet on the matter, Remini wrote: ''"I will not respond to Sharon BUT only to say this, IF she wanted to clear it up she has my number & has had ALL this time and didnt use it. Not even to say she was sorry. So to Sharon I say... Well done Sharon, you won. I will move on now as you suggested. And so should you. Be at Peace."''

:While co-hosting ''The Talk'', Remini turned down various parts on situation comedies, stating that any new role would make her feel as if she were cheating on Doug Heffernan, her character's husband on ''The King of Queens''. She also stated she needs more time for her daughter, Sofia.

Remini and Peete appeared on ''The Young and the Restless'' on July 28, 2011.

In October 2011, it was announced that Remini signed a talent development deal at ABC and ABC Studios, which requires the network and the studio to develop a comedy project for Remini to star in and produce.. In March 2012, it was announced that Remini will star in the ABC comedy "White Van Man".

Personal life

On July 19, 2003, Remini married actor Angelo Pagán who also appeared on ''The King of Queens'' as Rico and other various characters. They have a daughter, Sofia Bella, born on June 16, 2004. Remini is a member of The Church of Scientology. In December 2005, she helped promote the gala opening of Church of Scientology's "Psychiatry: An Industry of Death" Museum. Responding to criticism of Scientology during an interview on CNN, Remini said:

Filmography

Film
! Year	! Film	! Role	! Notes
1997	''Critics and Other Freaks''	Actress at Audition
1998	''Follow Your Heart''	Angie
2003		Lara Campbell
Television
! Year	! Title	! Role	! Notes
1988	''Head of the Class''		1 episode
	''Who's the Boss?''	Charlie Briscoe	2 episodes
''Living Dolls''	Charlie Briscoe	12 episodes
1990	''Normal Life''	Carol	1 episode
		Rose	1 episode
''The Hogan Family''	Joanne	1 episode
''The Man in the Family''	Tina Bavasso	6 episodes
''Saved by the Bell''	Stacey Carosi	6 episodes
1991–1993	''Cheers''	Serafina Tortelli	2 episodes
		Ellen	1 episode
''Getting Up and Going Home''	Stephanie O'Neil	Television movie
	''Evening Shade''	Daisy	3 episodes
''Harlan & Merleen''	Frankie	Television movie
	''The Commish''	Gail Ross	1 episode
	Tina	1 episode
1994–1995	''Phantom 2040''	Sagan Cruz (Voice)	8 episodes
	''Star Witness''		Television movie
''Diagnosis: Murder''	Agnes Benedetto	1 episode
''Friends''	Lydia	1 episode, "The One with the Birth"
''First Time Out''	Dominique Costellano	12 episodes
	''Biker Mice from Mars''	Carbine (Voice)	2 episodes
''NYPD Blue''	Angela Bohi	1 episode
1997–1998		Terry Reynolds	28 episodes
1998–2007	''The King of Queens''	Carrie Heffernan	207 episodes
2002	''Legend of the Lost Tribe''	Koala (Voice)	Television movie
2005	''Fat Actress''	Herself	4 episodes
2007–2008	''In the Motherhood''	Kim	8 episodes
2009	''Married Not Dead''	Jessica	Television movie
2009	''Lopez Tonight''	Carrie Heffernan	Cameo appearance
2010-2011		Herself	Talk Show
2011	''The Young and the Restless''	Herself	1 episode
Video Games
! Year	! Title	! Role	! Notes
1993	''Gabriel Knight: Sins of the Fathers''	Grace Nakimura	Voice

References

External links

Official website

Category:1970 births Category:Actors from New York City Category:American film actors Category:American people of Austrian-Jewish descent Category:American people of Italian descent Category:American people of Jewish descent Category:American people of Sicilian descent Category:American Scientologists Category:American television actors Category:American television talk show hosts Category:American voice actors Category:Converts from Judaism Category:Living people Category:People from Bensonhurst, Brooklyn

de:Leah Remini es:Leah Remini fr:Leah Remini hr:Leah Remini is:Leah Remini it:Leah Remini he:ליה רימיני nl:Leah Remini no:Leah Remini ru:Ремини, Лиа simple:Leah Remini fi:Leah Remini sv:Leah Remini

Name	Thurgood Marshall
Office1	Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court
Termstart1	October 2, 1967
Termend1	October 1, 1991
Nominator1	Lyndon B. Johnson
Predecessor1	Tom C. Clark
Successor1	Clarence Thomas
Order2	32nd
Office2	United States Solicitor General
Termstart2	August 1965
Termend2	August 1967
President2	Lyndon B. Johnson
Successor2	Erwin N. Griswold
Predecessor2	Archibald Cox
Office3	Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit
Term start3	August 1961
Term end3	August 1965
Nominator3	John F. Kennedy
Predecessor3	''New Seat''
Successor3	Wilfred Feinberg
Birth date	July 02, 1908
Birth place	Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.
Death date	January 24, 1993
Death place	Bethesda, Maryland, U.S.
Spouse	Vivian "Buster" Burey (1929-1955) (her death) Cecilia Suyat (1955-1993) (his death)
Alma mater	Lincoln University Howard University School of Law
Religion	Episcopalian }}

Thurgood Marshall (July 2, 1908January 24, 1993) was an Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court, serving from October 1967 until October 1991. Marshall was the Court's 96th justice and its first African-American justice.

Before becoming a judge, Marshall was a lawyer who was best remembered for his high success rate in arguing before the Supreme Court and for the victory in ''Brown v. Board of Education''. He argued more cases before the United States Supreme Court than anyone else in history. He served on the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit after being appointed by President John F. Kennedy and then served as the Solicitor General after being appointed by President Lyndon Johnson in 1965. President Johnson nominated him to the United States Supreme Court in 1967.

Early life

Marshall was born in Baltimore, Maryland on July 2, 1908, the great-grandson of a slave who was born in modern-day Democratic Republic of the Congo. His grandfather was also a slave. His original name was Thoroughgood, but he shortened it to Thurgood in second grade because he disliked spelling it. His father, William Marshall, who was a railroad porter, and his mother Norma, a teacher, instilled in him an appreciation for the Constitution of the United States and the rule of law.

Education

Marshall graduated from Frederick Douglass High School in Baltimore in 1925 and from Lincoln University in Pennsylvania in 1930. At Lincoln University, Marshall was initiated as a member of the first black fraternity, Alpha Phi Alpha.

Marshall wanted to apply to his hometown law school, the University of Maryland School of Law, but the dean said he would not be accepted because of the school's segregation policy. Marshall instead attended Howard University School of Law, where he graduated from, first in his class, in 1933. Three years later, Marshall would successfully represent his client in bringing suit against the University of Maryland Law School for its policy, ending segregation there (see ''Murray v. Pearson'').

Marriage and family

Marshall was married twice. He married Vivian "Buster" Burey in 1929. After her death in February 1955, Marshall married Cecilia Suyat in December of that year. They were married until his own death in 1993 and had two sons together, Thurgood Marshall, Jr., a former top aide to President Bill Clinton, and John W. Marshall, a former United States Marshals Service Director and Virginia Secretary of Public Safety.

Law career

Marshall set up a private practice in Baltimore in 1936. That year, he began working with the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in Baltimore.

He won his first major civil rights case, ''Murray v. Pearson'', 169 Md. 478 (1936). This was the first challenge of the "separate but equal" doctrine that was part of the ''Plessy v. Ferguson'' decision. His co-counsel on the case, Charles Hamilton Houston, developed the strategy. Marshall represented Donald Gaines Murray, a black Amherst College graduate with excellent credentials, who had been denied admission to the University of Maryland Law School because of its segregation policy. Black students in Maryland wanting to study law had to accept one of three options, attend: Morgan College, the Princess Anne Academy, or out-of-state black institutions.

In 1935, Thurgood Marshall argued the case for Murray, showing that neither of the in-state institutions offered a law school and that such schools were entirely unequal in quality to the University of Maryland. Marshall and Houston expected to lose and intended to appeal to the federal courts. The Maryland Court of Appeals ruled against the state of Maryland and its Attorney General, who represented the University of Maryland, stating, "Compliance with the Constitution cannot be deferred at the will of the state. Whatever system is adopted for legal education must furnish equality of treatment now." While it was a moral victory, the state court's ruling had no authority outside of Maryland.

Chief Counsel for the NAACP

At the age of 32, Marshall won his first U.S. Supreme Court case, ''Chambers v. Florida'', 309 U.S. 227 (1940). That same year, he was appointed Chief Counsel for the NAACP. He argued many other civil rights cases before the Supreme Court, most of them successfully, including ''Smith v. Allwright'', 321 U.S. 649 (1944); ''Shelley v. Kraemer'', 334 U.S. 1 (1948); ''Sweatt v. Painter'', 339 U.S. 629 (1950); and ''McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents'', 339 U.S. 637 (1950). His most famous case as a lawyer was ''Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka'', 347 U.S. 483 (1954), the case in which the Supreme Court ruled that "separate but equal" public education, as established by ''Plessy v. Ferguson'', was not applicable to public education because it could never be truly equal. In total, Marshall won 29 out of the 32 cases he argued before the Supreme Court.

During the 1950s, Thurgood Marshall developed a friendly relationship with J. Edgar Hoover, the director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation. In 1956, for example, he privately praised Hoover's campaign to discredit T.R.M. Howard, a maverick civil rights leader from Mississippi. During a national speaking tour, Howard had criticized the FBI's failure to seriously investigate cases such as the 1955 killers of George W. Lee and Emmett Till. In a private letter to Hoover, Marshall "attacked Howard as a 'rugged individualist' who did not speak for the NAACP." Two years earlier Howard had arranged for Marshall to deliver a well-received speech at a rally of his Regional Council of Negro Leadership in Mound Bayou, Mississippi only days before the Brown decision. According to historians David T. Beito and Linda Royster Beito, “Marshall’s disdain for Howard was almost visceral. [He] 'disliked Howard’s militant tone and maverick stance' and 'was well aware that Hoover’s attack served to take the heat off the NAACP and provided opportunities for closer collaboration [between the NAACP and the FBI] in civil rights.'"

Court of Appeals and Solicitor General

President John F. Kennedy appointed Marshall to the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit in 1961 to a new seat created on May 19, 1961 by 75 Stat. 80. A group of Senators from the South, led by Mississippi's James Eastland, held up his confirmation, so he served for the first several months under a recess appointment. Marshall remained on that court until 1965, when President Lyndon B. Johnson appointed him to be the United States Solicitor General, the first African American to hold the office. As Solicitor General, he won 14 out of the 19 cases that he argued for the government.

U.S. Supreme Court

On June 13, 1967, President Johnson nominated Marshall to the Supreme Court following the retirement of Justice Tom C. Clark, saying that this was "the right thing to do, the right time to do it, the right man and the right place." Marshall was confirmed as an Associate Justice by a Senate vote of 69–11 on August 30, 1967. He was the 96th person to hold the position, and the first African American. President Johnson confidently predicted to one biographer, Doris Kearns Goodwin, that a lot of black baby boys would be named "Thurgood" in honor of this choice.

Marshall served on the Court for the next twenty-four years, compiling a liberal record that included strong support for Constitutional protection of individual rights, especially the rights of criminal suspects against the government. His most frequent ally on the Court (the pair rarely voted at odds) was Justice William Brennan, who consistently joined him in supporting abortion rights and opposing the death penalty. Brennan and Marshall concluded in ''Furman v. Georgia'' that the death penalty was, in all circumstances, unconstitutional, and never accepted the legitimacy of ''Gregg v. Georgia'', which ruled four years later that the death penalty was constitutional in some circumstances. Thereafter, Brennan or Marshall dissented from every denial of ''certiorari'' in a capital case and from every decision upholding a sentence of death. In 1987, Marshall gave a controversial speech on the occasion of the bicentennial celebrations of the Constitution of the United States. Marshall stated,

"the government they devised was defective from the start, requiring several amendments, a civil war, and major social transformations to attain the system of constitutional government and its respect for the freedoms and individual rights, we hold as fundamental today."

In conclusion Marshall stated

"Some may more quietly commemorate the suffering, struggle, and sacrifice that has triumphed over much of what was wrong with the original document, and observe the anniversary with hopes not realized and promises not fulfilled. I plan to celebrate the bicentennial of the Constitution as a living document, including the Bill of Rights and the other amendments protecting individual freedoms and human rights."

Although best remembered for jurisprudence in the fields of civil rights and criminal procedure, Marshall made significant contributions to other areas of the law as well. In ''Teamsters v. Terry'' he held that the Seventh Amendment entitled the plaintiff to a jury trial in a suit against a labor union for breach of duty of fair representation. In ''TSC Industries, Inc. v. Northway, Inc.'' he articulated a formulation for the standard of materiality in United States securities law that is still applied and used today. In ''Cottage Savings Association v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue'', he weighed in on the income tax consequences of the Savings and Loan crisis, permitting a savings and loan association to deduct a loss from an exchange of mortgage participation interests. In ''Personnel Administrator MA v. Feeney'', Marshall wrote a dissent saying that a law that gave hiring preference to veterans over non-veterans was unconstitutional because of its inequitable impact on women.

Among his many law clerks were attorneys who went on to become judges themselves, such as Judge Douglas Ginsburg of the D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals; Judge Ralph Winter of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit; Supreme Court Justice Elena Kagan; as well as notable law professors Dan Kahan, Cass Sunstein, Eben Moglen, Susan Low Bloch, Martha Minow, Rick Pildes, Paul Gewirtz, and Mark Tushnet (and editor of ''Thurgood Marshall: His Speeches, Writings, Arguments, Opinions and Reminiscences'', cited hereafter); and law school deans Paul Mahoney of University of Virginia School of Law, and Richard Revesz of New York University School of Law. ''See,'' List of law clerks of the Supreme Court of the United States.

Marshall retired from the Supreme Court in 1991, and was reportedly unhappy that it would fall to President George H. W. Bush to name his replacement. Bush nominated Clarence Thomas to replace Marshall.

Death and legacy

Marshall died of heart failure at the National Naval Medical Center in Bethesda, Maryland, at 2:58 pm on January 24, 1993 at the age of 84. He is buried in Arlington National Cemetery. His second wife and their two sons survived him.

Marshall left all of his personal papers and notes to the Library of Congress. The Librarian of Congress, James H. Billington, opened Marshall's papers for immediate use by scholars, journalists and the public, insisting that this was Marshall's intent. The Marshall family and several of his close associates disputed this claim. The decision to make the documents public was supported by the American Library Association. A list of the archived manuscripts is available.

There are numerous memorials to Marshall. One, an eight-foot statue, stands in Lawyers Mall adjacent to the Maryland State House. The statue, dedicated on October 22, 1996, depicts Marshall as a young lawyer and it is placed just a few feet away from where the Old Maryland Supreme Court Building stood; the court where Marshall had argued discrimination cases leading up to the Brown decision. The primary office building for the federal court system, located on Capitol Hill in Washington D.C., is named in honor of Justice Marshall and contains a statue of him in the atrium. In 1976, Texas Southern University renamed their law school after the sitting justice. In 1980, the University of Maryland School of Law opened a new library which they named the Thurgood Marshall Law Library. In 2000, the historic Twelfth Street YMCA Building located in the Shaw neighborhood of Washington, D.C. was renamed the Thurgood Marshall Center. The major airport serving Baltimore and the Maryland suburbs of Washington, DC, was renamed the Baltimore-Washington International Thurgood Marshall Airport on October 1, 2005. The 2009 General Convention of the Episcopal Church added Marshall to the church's liturgical calendar of "Holy Women, Holy Men: Celebrating the Saints," designating May 17 as his feast day.

The University of California, San Diego renamed its Third College after Thurgood Marshall in 1993.

In 2006 ''Thurgood'', a one-man play written by George Stevens, Jr., premiered at the Westport Country Playhouse, starring James Earl Jones and directed by Leonard Foglia. Later it opened Broadway at the Booth Theatre on April 30, 2008 starring Laurence Fishburne. On 24th February 2011, HBO screened a filmed version of the play which Fishburne had performed at the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts. The production was described by the Baltimore Sun as "one of the most frank, informed and searing discussions of race you will ever see on TV.". On 16th February 2011 a screening of the film was hosted by the White House as part of its celebrations of Black History Month

Thurgood Marshall Award

The Legislative Assembly of Puerto Rico instituted in 1993 the annual Thurgood Marshall Award, given to the top student in civil rights at each of Puerto Rico's four law schools. The awardees are selected by the Commonwealth's Attorney General and includes a $500 monetary award.

Timeline

1908 – Born July 2 at Baltimore, Maryland, United States.

1930 – Graduates with honors from Lincoln University (cum laude).

1934 – Receives law degree from Howard University (magna cum laude) and begins private practice in Baltimore, Maryland.

1934 – Begins to work for Baltimore branch of NAACP.

1935 – Working with Charles Houston, wins first major civil rights case, ''Murray v. Pearson''.

1936 – Becomes assistant special counsel for NAACP in New York.

1940 – Wins ''Chambers v. Florida'', the first of twenty-nine Supreme Court victories.

1943 – Won case for integration of schools in Hillburn, New York.

1944 – Successfully argues ''Smith v. Allwright'', overthrowing the South's "white primary".

1948 – Wins ''Shelley v. Kraemer'', in which Supreme Court strikes down legality of racially restrictive covenants.

1950 – Wins Supreme Court victories in two graduate-school integration cases, ''Sweatt v. Painter'' and ''McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents''.

1951 – Visits South Korea and Japan to investigate charges of racism in U.S. armed forces. He reported that the general practice was one of "rigid segregation."

1954 – Wins ''Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka'', landmark case that demolishes legal basis for segregation in America.

1956 – Wins ''Browder v. Gayle'', ending the practice of segregation on buses and ending the Montgomery Bus Boycott.

1957 – Founds and becomes the first president-director counsel of the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund, Inc., a nonprofit law firm separate and independent of the NAACP

1961 – Defends civil rights demonstrators, winning Supreme Court victory in ''Garner v. Louisiana''; nominated to Second Circuit Court of Appeals by President John F. Kennedy.

1961 – Appointed circuit judge, makes 112 rulings, none of them reversed on certiorari by Supreme Court (1961–1965).

1965 – Appointed United States Solicitor General by President Lyndon B. Johnson; wins 14 of the 19 cases he argues for the government (1965–1967).

1967 – Becomes first African American named to U.S. Supreme Court (1967–1991).

1991 – Retires from the Supreme Court.

1992 – Receives the Liberty Medal recognizing his long history of protecting individual rights under the Constitution.

1993 – Dies at age 84 in Bethesda, Maryland, near Washington, D.C.

1993 – Receives Presidential Medal of Freedom, posthumously, from President Bill Clinton.

For more, ''see'' Bradley C. S. Watson, "The Jurisprudence of William Joseph Brennan, Jr., and Thurgood Marshall" in Frost, Bryan-Paul and Jeffrey Sikkenga. eds. ''History of American Political Thought'' (Lexington: Lexington Books, 2003). ISBN 0-7391-0623-6; ISBN 978-0-7391-0623-5; ISBN 978-0-393-92886-0.

Books authored

See also

List of Justices of the Supreme Court of the United States

List of law clerks of the Supreme Court of the United States

List of U.S. Supreme Court Justices by time in office

List of United States Chief Justices by time in office

United States Supreme Court cases during the Warren Court

United States Supreme Court cases during the Burger Court

United States Supreme Court cases during the Rehnquist Court

Notes

Further reading

Bland, Randall W. "Private Pressure on Public Law: The Legal Career of Justice Thurgood Marshall 1934–1991". New York: University Press of America, 1993.

Hodges, Ruth A., Reference Librarian. ''Justice Thurgood Marshall: A Selected Bibliography'', (Moorland-Spingarn Research Center Washington, DC, February 1993).

Mack, Kenneth W., (2012). Representing the Race: The Creation of the Civil Rights Lawyer (2012). ISBN 978-0674046870.

Marshall, Thurgood. "Mr. Justice Murphy and Civil Rights." 48 Michigan Law Review 745 (1950).

Tushnet, Mark V. ''Making Civil Rights Law: Thurgood Marshall and the Supreme Court, 1936–1961.'' London: Oxford University Press, 1994. 399pp. ISBN 978-0-19-510468-4;

Tushnet, Mark V. ''Making Constitutional Law: Thurgood Marshall and the Supreme Court, 1961–1991.'' New York: Oxford University Press. 1997. ISBN 0-19-509314-3 pp., 256.

.

White, G. Edward (2007), ''The American Judicial Tradition: Profiles of Leading American Judges'' (3rd ed.), Oxford: Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-513962-4.

Williams, Juan, ''Thurgood Marshall: American Revolutionary'' (New York: New York Times, 1998). Promotional site for book ISBN 0-8129-3299-4; ISBN 978-0-8129-3299-7.

External links

Ariens, Michael, ''Thurgood Marshall''.

''Booknotes'' interview with Hunter Clark and Michael Davis on ''Thurgood Marshall: Warrior at the Bar, Rebel on the Bench'', January 3, 1993.

''Booknotes'' interview with Williams on ''Thurgood Marshall: American Revolutionary'', October 11, 1998.

Fox, John, ''Expanding Civil Rights, Biographies of the Robes, Thurgood Marshall.'' Public Broadcasting Service.

''Miscellaneous biographies'' at Answers.com.

Oyez, official Supreme Court media, ''Thurgood Marshall''.

Supreme Court Historical Society ''Thurgood Marshall''.

''REMARKS BY THE PRESIDENT IN CEREMONY HONORING MEDAL OF FREEDOM RECIPIENTS – November 30, 1993''

Oral History Interview with Thurgood Marshall, from the Lyndon Baines Johnson Library

FBI file on Thurgood Marshall

Category:United States Supreme Court justices Category:United States federal judges appointed by Lyndon B. Johnson Category:United States Solicitors General Category:Judges of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit Category:National Association for the Advancement of Colored People Category:United States court of appeals judges appointed by John F. Kennedy Category:American people of Democratic Republic of the Congo descent Category:African American politicians Category:African American lawyers Category:African American judges Category:African Americans' rights activists Category:Maryland lawyers Category:Howard University School of Law alumni Category:Lincoln University (Pennsylvania) alumni Category:American Episcopalians Category:Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients Category:People from Baltimore, Maryland Category:Burials at Arlington National Cemetery Category:1908 births Category:1993 deaths Category:Cardiovascular disease deaths in Maryland Category:American civil rights lawyers Category:Lyndon B. Johnson Administration personnel Category:History of African-American civil rights Category:Spingarn Medal winners

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Name	En Vogue
Background	group_or_band
Origin	Oakland, California, United States
Genre	R&B;, Soul, Funk
Years active	1989–present
Label	Atlantic, EastWest, Discretion Ent., 33rd Street, Rufftown Entertainment Group, Inc.
Current members	Terry Ellis Cindy Herron Maxine Jones
Past members	Amanda Cole Rhona Bennett Dawn Robinson

En Vogue is an American female R&B; vocal group from Oakland, California assembled by music producers Denzil Foster and Thomas McElroy.

The group has won more MTV Video Music Awards than any other female group in MTV history, a total of seven, along with four Soul Train Awards, six American Music Awards, and seven Grammy nominations. According to ''Billboard Magazine'' they were the 18th most successful act of the 1990s, and one of the most popular and successful female groups of all time. En Vogue have accumulated over 2,800 weeks on various ''Billboard'' charts.

Group history

Beginnings

Assembled in Oakland, California in July 1989, En Vogue launched with original members Cindy Herron, Maxine Jones, Dawn Robinson and Terry Ellis. The inspiration for the group came when production duo of Foster and Mc Elroy envisioned a modern-day girl group in the tradition of the 1950s/1960s female trios. The blueprint was based on the plan of recruiting singers who possessed strong voices, noticeably good looks, and intelligence. Auditions were held in 1988, with Herron, Jones and Robinson making the final cut. Like previous girl groups, En Vogue was originally conceived as a trio, but after hearing Ellis audition, Foster and McElroy decided to create a quartet. At first, they selected the name "For You." They shifted to "Vogue", but ultimately settled on En Vogue, upon learning that another group had already claimed the Vogue moniker.

1989–91: ''Born to Sing''

After forming, the group began working with their producers on their debut album. Recording began in August 1989 and wrapped up in December of the same year. ''Born to Sing'' was released on April 3, 1990. The album charted at number twenty-one on the Billboard 200 and number three on Billboard's R&B; Albums Chart. The first single, "Hold On," was released to radio in late February 1990 and became a crossover pop hit, reaching number two on Billboard's Hot 100 singles charts, and number one on both the R&B; singles and Hot Dance Music/Club Play charts. It later went to #5 in the UK, and became a hit in Europe. The next two singles, "Lies" and "You Don't Have to Worry," each went to number one on the Billboard R&B; charts, while the fourth and final single, "Don't Go," charted at number three on the Billboard R&B.; The album was later certified platinum by the RIAA.

"Hold On" was awarded a Billboard Music Award for "R&B; Single of the Year," a Soul Train Award for "R&B;/Urban Contemporary Single of the Year, Group, Band or Duo" and have been nominated for a Grammy Award for "Best R&B; Vocal Performance by a Duo or Group". In 1990, En Vogue signed an endorsement deal to appear in a Diet Coke commercial directed by Spike Lee.

1992–94: ''Funky Divas'' and ''Runaway Love''

En Vogue's second album, ''Funky Divas'', was released in the spring of 1992. The album debuted at number eight on the Billboard 200 and number one on the Billboard R&B; and ultimately doubled the take of its predecessor, going multi-platinum. The albums first two singles: "My Lovin' (You're Never Gonna Get It)" and "Giving Him Something He Can Feel" both went top ten pop, and peaked at number one on the R&B; charts. The next single, "Free Your Mind" also went top ten. The final two singles "Give It Up Turn It Loose" and "Love Don't Love You" both were top forty hits. The album went on to sell more than three million copies, won an American Music Award for "Favorite Soul/R&B; Album," and was nominated for five Grammy Awards. The music video for "Free Your Mind" earned the group three MTV Video Music Awards for "Best Choreography," "Best Dance Video," and "Best R&B; Video." They were also honored with Soul Train's prestigious "Entertainer of the Year Award." In addition to this, the group were featured in ''Rolling Stone'', ''Entertainment Weekly'', and ''Essence'' among other major publications. Riding high on the success of ''Funky Divas'', a six-song EP entitled ''Runaway Love'' was released in the fall of 1993, spawning the hit "Runaway Love."

The group was signed to an endorsement deal with Converse, and were featured as an opening act on Luther Vandross' 1993 tour. Among the numerous countries toured were England, Germany, the Netherlands and France which confirmed the group's live vocal and performing prowess. However, according to an article in ''Vibe'' magazine, Vandross (by his own admission in interviews) and his entourage clashed with the members of En Vogue during the tour and he vowed never to work with them again afterwards. En Vogue also made numerous television appearances on such series as ''In Living Color'', ''A Different World'', ''Roc'' and ''Hangin' With Mr. Cooper'' (the latter two of which they also sang the show's theme songs.) In 1993, En Vogue were featured vocalists on Salt-N-Pepa's top ten hit "Whatta Man", from Salt-N-Pepa's Very Necessary album. The track also appeared (slightly edited) on En Vogue's ''Runaway Love'' EP.

1994–98: Downtime, the departure of Dawn Robinson and ''EV3''

In 1995, En Vogue were amongst numerous female vocalists featured on the song "Freedom" for the soundtrack to Panther. Also in 1995, group member Terry Ellis recorded a solo album entitled ''Southern Gal'', which spun off the top ten R&B; single "Where Ever You Are."

En Vogue reunited in 1996 to record "Don't Let Go (Love)" for the soundtrack to the motion picture ''Set It Off''. Released in the autumn, it became the group's biggest hit to date; the single peaked at number two on the Hot 100, number one on the R&B; singles chart, and was certified platinum by the RIAA. It, inadvertently, would also be the final En Vogue single to feature group member Dawn Robinson. One of Robinson's final performances with her bandmates came in October of that year, when the group sang the final National Anthem rendition in the history of Atlanta-Fulton County Stadium in Atlanta, which came in game five of the 1996 World Series. In response to the large commercial success of "Don't Let Go (Love)", the group steadfastly went to work on its third album. As the album was nearing completion, Robinson chose to leave the group in April 1997 after difficult contractual negotiations reached a stalemate. Despite Robinson's abrupt departure, En Vogue resolved to continue on as a trio (forcing the group to re-record some of the tracks on their forthcoming album that had originally featured her on lead vocals).

''EV3'', the group's third album, was released in the spring and debuted at number eight on both the Billboard 200 and the Billboard R&B; charts. The first single, the Babyface-penned and produced "Whatever" went on to become a top-20 pop hit, a top ten R&B; hit, while also peaking at number five on the Hot Dance Music/Club Play chart. On August 26, 1997, the single was certified gold by the RIAA. The followup single "Too Gone, Too Long" (which was produced by David Foster and written by Diane Warren) performed more modestly, managing to only peak in the top forty. Despite its being certified platinum, and the album being nominated for Grammy Award and a Soul Train Lady of Soul Award, sales of ''EV3'' failed to live up to full commercial expectation. A world tour had been planned, but was canceled due to poor ticket sales. In 1998, En Vogue recorded "No Fool No More" for the soundtrack to the motion picture, ''Why Do Fools Fall In Love'' as well as a version of ''I Want A Monster to Be My Friend'' for the Elmopalooza special on ABC. The following year, a greatest hits compilation, ''The Best of En Vogue'', was released.

2000–03: ''Masterpiece Theatre'' and new member

''Masterpiece Theatre'', the group's fourth studio album, was released in May 2000. The album debuted at number sixty-seven and thirty-three on the Billboard 200 and R&B; Albums Charts respectively. The first (and only) single, "Riddle," peaked at number ninety-two and ninety-five on the Hot 100 and R&B; charts. As a result of poor sales, En Vogue was dropped from the Elektra Record label.

In 2001, original member Maxine Jones left the group to focus on her family. As a result, Amanda Cole joined the group. Ellis, Herron and Cole released a holiday album, ''The Gift of Christmas''. Soon after the holiday album, Cole too left the group and was replaced with Rhona Bennett. Meanwhile, Robinson's first solo CD ''Dawn'' was released in early 2002. During the latter part of 2003, En Vogue toured Europe with Maxine Jones rejoining the group to fill the place of Cindy Herron, who was on maternity leave.

2004–07: ''Soul Flower'' and impromptu reunion

In 2004, En Vogue (now composed of Ellis, Herron and Bennett) released ''Soul Flower'' on independent label 33rd Street Records. While the album failed to chart on the Billboard 200, it managed to peak at number forty-seven on the R&B; charts. The albums two singles: "Losin' My Mind" and "Ooh Boy", however, failed to chart. Soon after promotion had finished on this album, Maxine Jones returned to En Vogue, turning the group back into a quartet for the first time since 1996. The group teamed with Boyz II Men for select concert dates during the summer of 2004. That same year En Vogue graced the cover of R&B; Showcase magazine.

In 2005, after an eight-year absence, Dawn Robinson rejoined En Vogue. The original four went on to sign with one of the industry's largest management firms, The Firm Management Group. That September, they joined Salt N Pepa for the girl groups' first-ever joint public performance of their 1994 hit, "Whatta Man" at ''VH-1's Hip Hop Honors'', and briefly toured. They also earned another Grammy nomination for the single "So What the Fuss", which featured Stevie Wonder and Prince. The group also appeared in the single's music video. After failing to agree on business terms, Robinson once again chose to defect from En Vogue and Bennett returned. As a result, En Vogue was let go from The Firm. En Vogue continued to perform spot dates in North America with Terry Ellis, Maxine Jones, Cindy Herron and Rhona Bennett. This line-up also saw the group return to Europe and Japan for select concert dates. During this time, En Vogue teamed up with Belgian singer Natalia for a song called "Glamorous" where Rhona Bennett's vocals are featured. The single reached No.2 in the Belgian charts and was followed by a DVD release of the concert, which went double platinum.

2008–11: Dawn returns again

On 24 June 2008, the original lineup of En Vogue appeared on the BET Awards, performing with Alicia Keys, SWV and TLC as a tribute to girl groups of the 1990s. With speculation abuzz, En Vogue received the twenty-eighth highest number of hits on the Rock on the Net website for the month of June 2008. The following month, the group ascended to the twelfth position. As of June 30, Dawn Robinson has stated officially via an En Vogue Yahoo! fan site that she had indeed returned to En Vogue. On August 6, the original members appeared on Los Angeles' KTLA television station and announced that they have reunited and would do spot dates around the country during the latter part of 2008. The foursome kicked off the Americana at Brand Concert Series in Glendale, California that same evening. Furthermore, En Vogue performed at the 2009 Essence Music Festival, at the Louisiana Superdome in New Orleans. They continue to tour throughout the United States. In October 2010, the band performed their first UK show in 18 years in London.

On September 26, 2011, a new single called "I´ll Cry Later" was sent to select urban adult contemporary radio stations..

Dawn Robinson left En Vogue once again in December 2011.

Members

Maxine Jones(1989-2001, 2003–present) Dawn Robinson (1989–1997, 2005, 2008-2011) Rhona Bennett(2003-2005, 2006-2008) Amanda Cole(2002–2003)

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Terry Ellis(1989–present)

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Cindy Herron(1989–present) >

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style="background:#ccf;"

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Note: those in bold are current members.

Television and film

En Vogue has appeared in ''Sesame Street'' specials including ''Sesame Street's 25th Birthday: A Musical Celebration'' and ''Elmopalooza'' in 1998. In ''Sesame Street's 25th Birthday: A Musical Celebration'', the four original members sang "Adventure" about their adventures with some of the Sesame Street characters. The second song was "I Want a Monster"; a song about having a monster as a playmate. It appeared on ''Elmopalooza'' and was recorded after Robinson's departure- featuring Terry Ellis, Maxine Jones and Cindy Herron.

In 1993, the group appeared in a "Wanda" sketch with Jamie Foxx on ''In Living Color''.

In the 1995 film ''Batman Forever'', they appeared in a cameo appearance as a group of prostitutes who want to seduce Batman, but are disappointed when it is Robin who shows up instead; Robinson also appeared as a holographic prostitute demonstrating how to assemble an appropriate outfit in the film ''Tank Girl''.

En Vogue has also appeared in ''A Different World'' as a group of country bumpkin sisters who want to sing.

The group also appeared on more than one episode of the highly acclaimed Charles S. Dutton Fox 90's television show ''Roc'', with one of the ladies playing a love interest of Rocky Carrol's character Joey who has to choose between staying with Joey or touring with the rest of the En Vogue ladies. En Vogue recorded a brand new theme song, entitled "Live Your Life Today" for ''Roc'''s later season's.

They also recorded the theme song for Season 1 of ''Hangin' with Mr. Cooper'', along with Dawnn Lewis and Holly Robinson-Peete.

On May 11, 2009 the group appeared on ABC's ''The View'' to perform & announce their future reunion tour. On June 7, 2009 the group appeared on A&E; Network's ''Private Sessions'', performing select hits and discussing the group's past, present and future.

Discography

;Studio albums

1990: ''Born to Sing''

1992: ''Funky Divas''

1997: ''EV3''

2000: ''Masterpiece Theatre''

2002: ''The Gift of Christmas''

2004: ''Soul Flower''

;EPs

1991: ''Remix to Sing''

1993: ''Runaway Love''

Awards

See also

References

External links

En Vogue at Rock on the Net.

En Vogue On AOL

En Vogue Videos

Category:Atlantic Records artists Category:Musical quartets Category:American pop music groups Category:American soul musical groups Category:American rhythm and blues musical groups Category:American girl groups Category:African American musical groups Category:Music of the San Francisco Bay Area Category:People from Oakland, California Category:Musical groups from California Category:Musical groups established in 1989

cs:En Vogue da:En Vogue de:En Vogue el:En Vogue fr:En Vogue it:En Vogue li:En Vogue nl:En Vogue ja:アン・ヴォーグ no:En Vogue pl:En Vogue pt:En Vogue simple:En Vogue sr:Ен воуг fi:En Vogue sv:En Vogue tr:En Vogue