A project in business and science is typically defined as a collaborative enterprise, frequently involving research or design, that is carefully planned to achieve a particular aim.^[1] Projects can be further defined as temporary rather than permanent social systems that are constituted by teams within or across organizations to accomplish particular tasks under time constraints.^[2]

Overview[link]

The word project comes from the Latin word projectum from the Latin verb proicere, "to throw something forward" which in turn comes from pro-, which denotes something that precedes the action of the next part of the word in time (paralleling the Greek πρό) and iacere, "to throw". The word "project" thus actually originally meant "something that comes before anything else happens".

When the English language initially adopted the word, it referred to a plan of something, not to the act of actually carrying this plan out. Something performed in accordance with a project became known as an "object".

Specific uses[link]

School and university[link]

At school, educational institute and independent work than is involved in a normal essay assignment. It requires students to undertake their own fact-finding and analysis, either from library/internet research or from gathering data empirically. The written report that comes from the project is usually in the form of a dissertation, which will contain sections on the project's inception, methods of inquiry, analysis, findings and conclusions....^[3]

Engineering project[link]

Engineering projects are, in many countries, specifically defined by legislation, which requires that such projects should be carried out by registered engineers and/or registered engineering companies. That is, companies with license to carry out such works as design and construction of buildings, power plants, industrial facilities, installation and erection of electrical grid networks, transportation infrastructure and the like.

The scope of the project is specified in a contract between the owner and the engineering and construction parties. As a rule, an engineering project is broken down into design and construction phases. The outputs of the design process are drawings, calculations, and all other design documentation necessary to carry out the next phase. The next phase would normally be sending the project plans to a developer who will then help construct the plans (building).^[4]

Project management[link]

In project management a project consists of a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service or result.^[5] Another definition is a management environment that is created for the purpose of delivering one or more business products according to a specified business case.

Project objectives define target status at the end of the project, reaching of which is considered necessary for the achievement of planned benefits. They can be formulated as SMART criteria^[6]: Specific, Measurable (or at least evaluable) achievement, Achievable (recently Agreed-to or Acceptable are used regularly as well), realistic (given the current state of organizational resources) and Time terminated (bounded). The evaluation (measurement) occurs at the project closure. However a continuous guard on the project progress should be kept by monitoring and evaluating. It is also worth noting that SMART is best applied for incremental type innovation projects.^{[citation needed]} For radical type projects it does not apply as well. Goals for such projects tend to be broad, qualitative, stretch/unrealistic and success driven.

Examples of notable projects[link]

• Human Genome Project which mapped the human genome
• Manhattan Project, which developed the first nuclear weapon
• Polaris missile project: an ICBM control-system
• Project Apollo, which landed humans on the moon
• Soviet atomic bomb project
• Soviet manned lunar projects and programs
• Project-706
• Great Pyramid of Giza

See also[link]

Look up project in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

• Real Estate Projects by Tata Housing Development Company
• Cone of Uncertainty
• Megaproject
• Program management
• Project governance
• Project Management Institute (PMI)
• Project management software
• Project planning
• Small-scale Project Management

References[link]

Patrick Houston, better known as Project Pat is an American rapper originating from Memphis, Tennessee. He is the older brother of Juicy J, co-founder of the Three 6 Mafia.^[1]

Discography[link]

• 1999: Ghetty Green
• 2000: Murderers & Robbers (collection of earlier recordings)
• 2001: Mista Don't Play: Everythangs Workin'
• 2002: Layin' da Smack Down
• 2006: Crook by da Book: The Fed Story
• 2007: Walkin' Bank Roll
• 2009: Real Recognize Real
• 2011: Loud Pack
• 2012: Mista Don't Play 2

References[link]

External links[link]

• Project Pat at IMDB
• Project Pat website

Maurice Young (born September 27, 1973), better known by his stage name Trick Daddy, is an American rapper and producer.

Music career[link]

Trick appeared on the track "Scarred" by former 2 Live Crew member, he worked with Luther "Luke" Campbell, Produced by Darren "DJ Spin" Rudnick, from Luke's 1996 album Uncle Luke. The song became a hit and immediately caught the attention of fans and record producers alike. Ted Lucas, a former concert promoter and then-CEO of Slip-n-Slide Records, signed the rapper to the newly formed record label. Slip-n-Slide released Trick Daddy Dollars's debut album Based on a True Story in 1997; the album was popular in the Miami area.^[1]

In 1998, when his next album www.thug.com was released, Trick removed "Dollars" from his stage name. Club-oriented track "Nann Nigga", featuring Trina, became a national hit, peaking at the third spot of the Billboard Hot Rap Singles chart.^[2] Atlantic Records signed Trick Daddy to the label in 2000 and released Book of Thugs: Chapter AK Verse 47 that year. "Shut Up", which Jason Birchmeier of allmusic considered "a rowdy club hit similar to 'Nann Nigga'",^[1] followed "Nann" as the next single; featured guests on "Shut Up" were Deuce Poppito, Trina, and Co.

Thugs Are Us, released in 2001, featured the hit single "I'm a Thug" (released March 20, 2001) which reached #17 on the Billboard Hot 100.^[2] His fifth album Thug Holiday boasted "In da Wind", which Birchmeier believed was Trick Daddy's most creative single.^[1] In 2004, Thug Matrimony: Married To The Streets was released, with hit single "Let's Go", produced by Lil Jon, featuring Twista, and sampling the guitar riffs from the Ozzy Osbourne hit "Crazy Train".^[1] That year, Trick Daddy guest-performed on the Ying Yang Twins' "What's Happnin!", which reached #30 on the Hot 100, #7 on the Rhythmic Top 40, and #9 on the Hot Rap Singles.^[3] "Let's Go" peaked on #7 on the Hot 100, #4 on the Rhythmic Top 40, and #4 on Hot Rap Tracks.^[2] Back By Thug Demand followed in 2006,^[1] with singles "Bet That" and "Tuck Ya Ice" charting on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks chart.^[2]. This album launched the career of Trick Daddy's Group, Dunk Ryders with their record "Damn Right" featuring Dray Skky, and Trick's Joint Venture Label Deal with Cash Money Records.

Following Back By Thug Demand, Trick Daddy appeared on several singles by DJ Khaled: "Born-N-Raised" in 2006 from Listennn... the Album in 2006, "I'm So Hood" from We the Best, and "Out Here Grindin'" from We Global in 2008, all among numerous other rappers. "Born-N-Raised" peaked at #83 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles, and "I'm So Hood" peaked at #19 on the Hot 100 and #5 on the Hot Rap Tracks.^[4] He appeared on Pitbull's 2007 album The Boatlift.^[5] Trick Daddy left Slip-n-Slide in 2008 and released his 8th studio album Finally Famous: Born a Thug Still a Thug on September 25, 2009, under his own Dunk Ryder Records. In late 2010 Trick Daddy formed a new label Trick Daddy Music Group, signing fellow rappers Kasino, A-Dot, Dutch Dirty and 2T to the roster. Trick Daddy is currently working on a new album to be released in 2012 under his new label. Recently he has released a single featuring Young Jeezy, called "I Can't Leave These Streets Alone", and then was featured on the track "This Is For You", from Jeezy's latest album, Thug Motivation 103: Hustlerz Ambition, released in December 2011.

Film career[link]

In 2009 Trick Daddy appeared in the film Just Another Day playing Roman, a shifty and horny drug dealer. The film is about the intersecting lives of an aspiring rapper and an old successful rapper over the course of one day.^{[citation needed]}

Personal life[link]

Trick Daddy announced that he has lupus, which has affected his skin, and that he has stopped taking medication to combat the disease.^[6] The rapper's rationale for refusing treatment was that "Because for every medicine they gave me I had to take a test or another medicine every thirty days or so to make sure that medicine wasn’t causing side effects dealing with kidney or liver failure…I just said all together I ain’t taking no medicine."^[7]

Discography[link]

• 1997: Based on a True Story
• 1998: www.thug.com
• 2000: Book of Thugs: Chapter AK Verse 47
• 2001: Thugs Are Us
• 2002: Thug Holiday
• 2004: Thug Matrimony: Married to the Streets
• 2006: Back by Thug Demand
• 2009: Finally Famous: Born a Thug, Still a Thug
• TBA: www.thug.com2^[8]

References[link]

External links[link]

• Official website
• Dunk Ryder Records
• Trick Daddy at Atlantic Records

Steven M. Greer
Born	(1955-06-28) June 28, 1955 (age 56) Charlotte, North Carolina
Occupation	Physician Ufologist

Steven M. Greer (June 28, 1955) is an American physician and ufologist who founded the Orion Project and The Disclosure Project.

Biography[link]

Greer claims that he is a contactee who has coined the term "close encounter of the fifth kind" to describe human-initiated contact with extraterrestrials.^[1]

The Disclosure Project[link]

The Disclosure Project is a nonprofit research project started by Greer in 1992 that exposes the existence of a US government cover-up of information relating to unidentified flying objects (UFOs). The Disclosure Project has been well-received by UFO enthusiasts, with speeches from Greer and various other witnesses being presented at various UFO-themed conferences. Greer has held press conferences and embarked on a continuing series of lectures and television appearances trying to raise popular support.^[2]

Mainstream media coverage of the group mostly centered around a 2001 conference at the National Press Club^[3] which was described by an attending BBC reporter as the strangest he had ever seen.^[4] Greer convened the conference with more than 100 other contactees offering testimony. Among the contactees were "...about 20 former government workers, many of them military and security officials, who stepped forward...and called for congressional hearings about such sightings."^[5] Such arguments were met with by derision by skeptics and spokespeople for the U. S. Air Force who maintain that there is no convincing evidence for the speculation that UFOs are alien spacecraft.^[6][7]

Media appearances[link]

Greer has appeared on Larry King Live,^[8] CBS, BBC, NTV in Japan, Sightings, Encounters, Ancient Aliens on the History Channel, Coast to Coast AM,^[9] the Art Bell show, the Armstrong Williams radio show and hosts an Internet radio segment called "Conversations with Dr. Steven Greer". He is also very present at ufosearchonline.com.^[10]

Publications[link]

• Contact: Countdown to Transformation 2009. ISBN 0-9673238-3-1.
• Hidden Truth - Forbidden Knowledge 2006. ISBN 0-9673238-2-7.
• Disclosure : Military and Government Witnesses Reveal the Greatest Secrets in Modern History 2001. ISBN 0-9673238-1-9.
• Extraterrestrial Contact: The Evidence and Implications 1999. ISBN 0-9673238-0-0.

References[link]

v t e UFOs and ufology Index of ufology articles Notable incidents List of aircraft-UFO incidents List of UFO sightings in outer space Aurora (1897) Roswell (1947) Washington (1952) Tehran (1976) Rendlesham Forest (1980) Japan Air Lines (1986) Belgian UFO wave (1990) Phoenix Lights (1997) 21st century Mexico (2004) Tinley Park Lights (2004-2006) O'Hare Airport (2006) Alderney (2007) Stephenville (2008) Turkey (2008) Wales (2008) Norway (2009) Harbour Mille (2010) Vancouver, Washington (2011) Sightings by country Argentina Australia Belarus Belgium Brazil Canada China France Indonesia Iran Iraq Italy Mexico New Zealand Norway Philippines Portugal Russia South Africa Spain (Canary Islands) Sweden United Kingdom United States Hypothesis and studies UFO hypotheses (Extraterrestrial hypothesis) Project Blue Book Condon Report COMETA Report List of notable studies in ufology Identification studies of UFOs Types Black triangle Fastwalkers Flying saucer Foo fighter Ghost rockets Green fireballs Mystery airship UFO conspiracy theory Majestic 12 Area 51 Bob Lazar Men in Black Project Serpo Disclosure Project Culture UFO Culture UFO religion List of UFO religions UFOs in fiction Involvement Government responses Organizations Ufologists Abduction Contactee Topics Declassification of UFO documents Skeptics List of skeptics and skeptical organizations Committee for Skeptical Inquiry

Lil Scrappy
Lil Scrappy, September 15, 2007.
Background information
Birth name	Darryl Richardson
Born	January 19, 1984 (age 28)
Origin	Atlanta, Georgia
Genres	Hip Hop, Funk rap, Crunk, Contemporary R&B
Occupations	Rapper
Years active	2003–present
Labels	G's Up, S-Line, Bonzi, G-Unit South, Fontana, Universal, BME Recordings, Def Jam
Associated acts	Crime Mob, Lil Flip, Trillville, Ludacris, Lil Jon, E-40
Website	lilscrappy.com

Darryl Kevin Richardson II (born January 19, 1984),^[1] better known by his stage name Lil Scrappy, is an American rapper.

Richards was discovered by producer and performer Lil Jon while performing at a bar, when a fight broke out during his set in his hometown of Atlanta, Georgia. Along with labelmates Trillville, Lil Scrappy was one of the first signings to Lil Jon's BME Recordings.

Lil Scrappy built a strong reputation and eager following throughout the Southeastern United States through mixtapes and his 2003 song "Head Bussa", which was used as the theme for the 2004 Atlanta Braves.

Career[link]

[edit] 2006-2008: Bred 2 Die Born 2 Live

Lil Scrappy released his debut album Bred 2 Die Born 2 Live on December 5, 2006 on BME Recordings/Reprise Records/G-Unit Records and G-Unit South now Cashville Records. The album features appearances by Yung Joc, Three 6 Mafia, Lil Jon, Young Buck, 50 Cent, Olivia, Young Dro, and Bohagon. It was produced by Lil Jon and 50 Cent. The first single Money in the Bank features Young Buck and became Lil Scrappy's second Top 30 single. Money in the Bank peaked at number 28 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart trajectory, becoming his biggest solo hit and most commercially successful single to date in the U.S. as it surpassed the peak position of "No Problem" by one position. The second single from the album is called Gangsta Gangsta and features Lil Jon. "Oh Yeah (Work)" is the third single from Bred 2 Die Born 2 Live and features E-40 and Sean P (formerly Sean Paul) of YoungbloodZ He also has one son named Rashaud Archie.

J-Bo, Lil Jon, & Too Short made cameo appearances in the video, which premiered January 25, 2007 on BET's 106 & Park as a New Joint. The song also received significant air play on various urban stations.

In late 2008 Lil Scrappy announced that his second studio album would not be released under G-Unit Records or other former label BME Records. Lil Scrappy's first independent album, Prince of the South, was released on May 13, 2008 through Real Talk Entertainment.^[2]

[edit] 2009-present: The Grustle

In early 2009 Lil Scrappy's announced the title of for his second studio album, Tha Grustle & that he had signed with Ludacris label DTP & it would be distributed through Def Jam.^[3] Also in 2009 Lil Scrappy appeared in the motion picuture Just Another Day the tale of the brutal realities of rap music, Scrappy plays a character named Jay. Lil Scrappy's second independent album, Prince of the South 2, was released on October 19, 2010 through Real Talk Entertainment just like his first independent album. On ^[4] On September 8, 2009 Lil Scrappy released the first single from the album entitled "Addicted To Money" but it failed to reach the Billboard charts so it was dubbed as a promo single. Then On September 28, 2010 Lil Scrappy released the first single from the album "Bad (That's Her)" which featured Stuey Rock but it also failed to reach the billboard charts so it was dubbed as promo single.

On November 2, 2011 after the album never saw an official release, Lil Scrappy announced that the album would be released in early 2012. Lil Scrappy also announced that he and DTP had parted ways and that his G's Up imprint has partnered with S-Line, a company owned by Lil Scappy's manager Kevin Clark. G's Up/S-Line has embarked in a joint venture with Bonzi Records, a label owned by platinum producer J. Wells & will be distributed by Fontana/Universal.^[5] The official first single from the album will be "Helicopter" that features 2 Chainz & Twista.^[6] The music video premiered on MTV Jams, and was directed by Edgar Esteves.

Discography[link]

Studio albums

• Bred 2 Die Born 2 Live (2006)
• The Grustle (2012)

Independent albums

• Prince of the South (2008)
• Prince of the South 2 (2010)

Collaboration albums

• The King of Crunk & BME Recordings Present: Trillville & Lil Scrappy (with Trillville) (2004)
• Silence & Secrecy: Black Rag Gang (with G'$ Up Click) (2009)
• Horrible: The Remixes 12" (Skullfukkaz! with Lil Scrappy & Lil Squeezy) (2011)

References[link]

External links[link]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Lil Scrappy

• Official Website
• Official Lil Scrappy Profile at justRHYMES.com
• Lil Scrappy on Myspace
• Lil Scrappy at Twitter
• Lil Scrappy at MTV
• Lil Scrappy at Allmusic
• Lil Scrappy at the Internet Movie Database
• Lil Scrappy's's channel on YouTube