The Wayback Machine - http://web.archive.org./web/20120711011526/http://wn.com:80/idiom
Tuesday, 10 July 2012
Idiom - Beast of Bodmin
Idioms in English - 'All'
Taking Idioms Literally
What is an idiom?
Colour Idioms | Learn English | Idioms
Idioms in English -
Fruit Idioms | Learn English | Idioms
Shooting Fish In The Barrel, Why Is It That? (5:44am)
Idioms in English - 'Blue'
Seafood Idioms | Learn English | Idioms
Idioms in English -
Meat Idioms | Learn English | Idioms

Idiom

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Idiom - Beast of Bodmin
  • Order:
  • Published: 23 May 2011
  • Duration: 4:23
  • Updated: 05 Jul 2012
Author: carlshanahan13
Idiom - Beast of Bodmin Dir - Carl Shanahan www.myspace.com/idiomuk www.carlshanahan.com
http://web.archive.org./web/20120711011526/http://wn.com/Idiom - Beast of Bodmin
Idioms in English - 'All'
  • Order:
  • Published: 15 Mar 2009
  • Duration: 7:53
  • Updated: 05 Jul 2012
Author: ValenESL
www.engvid.com Idioms are sometimes difficult for ESL learners because the sentences aren't meant literally. In this lesson, we will cover 7 very common idioms that contain the word 'all'.
http://web.archive.org./web/20120711011526/http://wn.com/Idioms in English - 'All'
Taking Idioms Literally
  • Order:
  • Published: 01 Nov 2010
  • Duration: 2:40
  • Updated: 30 Jun 2012
Author: andysunstory
Idioms are just a manner of speech, but I took them literally. Facebook - www.facebook.com Friend Me - www.goo.gl ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Viral Comics - www.viralcomics.com Facebook - http Music: Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)
http://web.archive.org./web/20120711011526/http://wn.com/Taking Idioms Literally
What is an idiom?
  • Order:
  • Published: 16 Oct 2010
  • Duration: 1:24
  • Updated: 19 Feb 2012
Author: FigurativeLanguage
www.ereadingworksheets.com has free printable worksheets and resources for teachers and learners. This video explains what idioms are and offers examples to help you understand. Check out our other resources www.ereadingworksheets.com
http://web.archive.org./web/20120711011526/http://wn.com/What is an idiom?
Colour Idioms | Learn English | Idioms
  • Order:
  • Published: 06 Apr 2010
  • Duration: 10:26
  • Updated: 04 Jul 2012
Author: Linguaspectrum
EXTRAS: linguaspectrum.com Online language learning and teaching: linguaspectrumplus.com This English lesson looks at all of the English colour idioms I could think of. You may be feeling blue about your English studies but I'm giving you the green light to pass any test with flying colours. If you don't know the difference between a scarlet woman and a red herring, you will be tickled pink by all the idioms in this video. So don't be yellow; watch this video all the way through and you will be able to do the extras with flying colours.Learn English online using Skype I also give online English classes by Skype. You can find out more by visiting linguaspectrum.com If you want to learn English quickly and easily, I invite you to take classes with me online using Skype. You can improve your writing, too, with my English writing course. As a professional writer, I will guide you through the writing process, step by step, until you are able write with an effectiveness that will get you noticed. Improve your English writing and you improve your prospects of success in all areas of your life. The course is a series of writing assignments designed to take you through all aspects of writing in English. You will learn all about sentence and paragraph structure, punctuation, outlining, introductions and conclusions, topic sentences and more. By the end of the course, you will be writing high-impact prose that will help you achieve the success you deserve in your business or <b>...</b>
http://web.archive.org./web/20120711011526/http://wn.com/Colour Idioms | Learn English | Idioms
Idioms in English -
  • Order:
  • Published: 17 Jun 2009
  • Duration: 10:30
  • Updated: 29 Jun 2012
Author: JamesESL
"Money makes the world go 'round" -- it's true. That's why I've recorded a lesson for you on idioms and sayings that involve MONEY. www.engVid.com
http://web.archive.org./web/20120711011526/http://wn.com/Idioms in English - "Money"
Fruit Idioms | Learn English | Idioms
  • Order:
  • Published: 28 May 2010
  • Duration: 9:50
  • Updated: 02 Jul 2012
Author: Linguaspectrum
EXTRAS: linguaspectrum.com Online language learning and teaching: linguaspectrumplus.com If idioms have been driving you bananas, here is just the video you need. It's a peach of a video, packed full of juicy idioms. After you have mastered these idioms, life will be just a bowl of cherries. This is the latest fruits of my labours and the apple of my eye. Don't be a rotten apple, share this with your friends on YouTube and on the Internet.Learn English online using Skype I also give online English classes by Skype. You can find out more by visiting linguaspectrum.com If you want to learn English quickly and easily, I invite you to take classes with me online using Skype. You can improve your writing, too, with my English writing course. As a professional writer, I will guide you through the writing process, step by step, until you are able write with an effectiveness that will get you noticed. Improve your English writing and you improve your prospects of success in all areas of your life. The course is a series of writing assignments designed to take you through all aspects of writing in English. You will learn all about sentence and paragraph structure, punctuation, outlining, introductions and conclusions, topic sentences and more. By the end of the course, you will be writing high-impact prose that will help you achieve the success you deserve in your business or academic life. Do you have a strong non-English accent when speaking English? Would you like to reduce <b>...</b>
http://web.archive.org./web/20120711011526/http://wn.com/Fruit Idioms | Learn English | Idioms
Shooting Fish In The Barrel, Why Is It That? (5:44am)
  • Order:
  • Published: 04 Oct 2011
  • Duration: 2:22
  • Updated: 05 Jul 2012
Author: djflula
An early-at-morning thought about new idiom I did learn: Like Shoot Fish in a Barrel. Follow Flula Hier // www.twitter.com Like Flula Hier // www.facebook.com Flula Shop! // flulashop.com
http://web.archive.org./web/20120711011526/http://wn.com/Shooting Fish In The Barrel, Why Is It That? (5:44am)
Idioms in English - 'Blue'
  • Order:
  • Published: 13 Jul 2009
  • Duration: 3:26
  • Updated: 29 Jun 2012
Author: AlexESLvid
www.engvid.com Feeling blue about not understanding idioms? Expand your informal English knowledge with this lesson. These are all common expressions and phrases that use the colour blue.
http://web.archive.org./web/20120711011526/http://wn.com/Idioms in English - 'Blue'
Seafood Idioms | Learn English | Idioms
  • Order:
  • Published: 26 Jun 2010
  • Duration: 17:07
  • Updated: 17 Jun 2012
Author: Linguaspectrum
EXTRAS: linguaspectrum.com Online language learning and teaching: linguaspectrumplus.com You won't need a loan shark to enjoy this video about seafood idioms - it's free to watch. It'd be a fine kettle of fish if it wasn't. I've cast my net wide in searching for these videos and I know that you're going to have a whale of a time learning these new videos. There are homophones here, too.Learn English online using Skype I also give online English classes by Skype. You can find out more by visiting linguaspectrum.com If you want to learn English quickly and easily, I invite you to take classes with me online using Skype. Also providing complete accent reduction training. You can improve your writing, too, with my English writing course. As a professional writer, I will guide you through the writing process, step by step, until you are able write with an effectiveness that will get you noticed. Improve your English writing and you improve your prospects of success in all areas of your life. The course is a series of writing assignments designed to take you through all aspects of writing in English. You will learn all about sentence and paragraph structure, punctuation, outlining, introductions and conclusions, topic sentences and more. By the end of the course, you will be writing high-impact prose that will help you achieve the success you deserve in your business or academic life. Do you have a strong non-English accent when speaking English? Would you like to reduce your <b>...</b>
http://web.archive.org./web/20120711011526/http://wn.com/Seafood Idioms | Learn English | Idioms
Idioms in English -
  • Order:
  • Published: 16 Apr 2009
  • Duration: 8:42
  • Updated: 29 Jun 2012
Author: JamesESL
www.engVid.com Give yourself a hand by learning some common idioms in English that use the word 'hand'!
http://web.archive.org./web/20120711011526/http://wn.com/Idioms in English - "Hand"
Meat Idioms | Learn English | Idioms
  • Order:
  • Published: 05 Jun 2010
  • Duration: 11:37
  • Updated: 01 Jul 2012
Author: Linguaspectrum
EXTRAS: linguaspectrum.com Online language learning and teaching: linguaspectrumplus.com All the idioms in English that are associated with meat. If you don't know your red meat from your white meat, your mutton from your lamb, then this is the video for you. You will learn Idioms like bringing home the bacon, ham-fisted, mutton dressed as lamb, no spring chicken, and chicken feed. Don't be sheepish. Watch this video now and you won't have to run around like a headless chicken trying to remember meat idioms. You'll take to them like a duck to water and when your chickens come home to roost, you'll have all the right answers.Learn English online using Skype I also give online English classes by Skype. You can find out more by visiting linguaspectrum.com If you want to learn English quickly and easily, I invite you to take classes with me online using Skype. You can improve your writing, too, with my English writing course. As a professional writer, I will guide you through the writing process, step by step, until you are able write with an effectiveness that will get you noticed. Improve your English writing and you improve your prospects of success in all areas of your life. The course is a series of writing assignments designed to take you through all aspects of writing in English. You will learn all about sentence and paragraph structure, punctuation, outlining, introductions and conclusions, topic sentences and more. By the end of the course, you will be writing high <b>...</b>
http://web.archive.org./web/20120711011526/http://wn.com/Meat Idioms | Learn English | Idioms
Egg Idioms | Learn English | Idioms
  • Order:
  • Published: 06 May 2010
  • Duration: 9:19
  • Updated: 04 Jul 2012
Author: Linguaspectrum
EXTRAS: linguaspectrum.com Online language learning and teaching: linguaspectrumplus.com This video English lesson looks at all of the egg idioms I could think of. Eggs must play a very important part in British life because there are so many idioms that mention them. So be a good egg and get cracking on this video. If you don't learn them all, as sure as eggs is eggs, you'll have egg on your face. They might not be easy to learn, but you can't make an omelette without breaking eggs and at least you don't have to shell out on this video - it's free.Learn English online using Skype I also give online English classes by Skype. You can find out more by visiting linguaspectrum.com If you want to learn English quickly and easily, I invite you to take classes with me online using Skype. You can improve your writing, too, with my English writing course. As a professional writer, I will guide you through the writing process, step by step, until you are able write with an effectiveness that will get you noticed. Improve your English writing and you improve your prospects of success in all areas of your life. The course is a series of writing assignments designed to take you through all aspects of writing in English. You will learn all about sentence and paragraph structure, punctuation, outlining, introductions and conclusions, topic sentences and more. By the end of the course, you will be writing high-impact prose that will help you achieve the success you deserve in your <b>...</b>
http://web.archive.org./web/20120711011526/http://wn.com/Egg Idioms | Learn English | Idioms
Heart Idioms | Learn English | Idioms
  • Order:
  • Published: 06 Oct 2009
  • Duration: 10:01
  • Updated: 15 Jun 2012
Author: Linguaspectrum
Extras: linguaspectrum.com Online language learning and teaching: linguaspectrumplus.com The heart makes many expressions in English, and not just to do with love and romance. There are many common expressions that use the word heart in this video lesson. The English in the lesson is mainly British English. To get the most from the video, please do the exercises by clicking the following link. | httpLearn English online using Skype: I also give online English classes by Skype. You can find out more by visiting linguaspectrum.com If you want to learn English quickly and easily, I invite you to take classes with me online using Skype. You can improve your writing, too, with my English writing course. As a professional writer, I will guide you through the writing process, step by step, until you are able write with an effectiveness that will get you noticed. Improve your English writing and you improve your prospects of success in all areas of your life. The course is a series of writing assignments designed to take you through all aspects of writing in English. You will learn all about sentence and paragraph structure, punctuation, outlining, introductions and conclusions, topic sentences and more. By the end of the course, you will be writing high-impact prose that will help you achieve the success you deserve in your business or academic life. Do you have a strong non-English accent when speaking English? Would you like to reduce your accent? I can help with your accent <b>...</b>
http://web.archive.org./web/20120711011526/http://wn.com/Heart Idioms | Learn English | Idioms
  • Idiom - Beast of Bodmin...4:23
  • Idioms in English - 'All'...7:53
  • Taking Idioms Literally...2:40
  • What is an idiom?...1:24
  • Colour Idioms | Learn English | Idioms...10:26
  • Idioms in English - "Money"...10:30
  • Fruit Idioms | Learn English | Idioms...9:50
  • Shooting Fish In The Barrel, Why Is It That? (5:44am)...2:22
  • Idioms in English - 'Blue'...3:26
  • Seafood Idioms | Learn English | Idioms...17:07
  • Idioms in English - "Hand"...8:42
  • Meat Idioms | Learn English | Idioms...11:37
  • Egg Idioms | Learn English | Idioms...9:19
  • Heart Idioms | Learn English | Idioms...10:01
Idiom - Beast of Bodmin Dir - Carl Shanahan www.myspace.com/idiomuk www.carlshanahan.com
4:23
Idiom - Beast of Bod­min
Idiom - Beast of Bod­min Dir - Carl Shana­han www.​myspace.​com/​idiomuk www.​carlshanahan.​com...
pub­lished: 23 May 2011
7:53
Id­ioms in En­glish - 'All'
www.​engvid.​com Id­ioms are some­times dif­fi­cult for ESL learn­ers be­cause the sen­tences aren&...
pub­lished: 15 Mar 2009
au­thor: Vale­nESL
2:40
Tak­ing Id­ioms Lit­er­al­ly
Id­ioms are just a man­ner of speech, but I took them lit­er­al­ly. Face­book - www.​facebook.​com...
pub­lished: 01 Nov 2010
1:24
What is an idiom?
www.​ereadingworksheets.​com has free print­able work­sheets and re­sources for teach­ers and le...
pub­lished: 16 Oct 2010
10:26
Colour Id­ioms | Learn En­glish | Id­ioms
EX­TRAS: linguaspectrum.​com On­line lan­guage learn­ing and teach­ing: linguaspectrumplus.​com T...
pub­lished: 06 Apr 2010
10:30
Id­ioms in En­glish - "Money"
"Money makes the world go 'round" -- it's true. That's why I've ...
pub­lished: 17 Jun 2009
au­thor: Jame­sESL
9:50
Fruit Id­ioms | Learn En­glish | Id­ioms
EX­TRAS: linguaspectrum.​com On­line lan­guage learn­ing and teach­ing: linguaspectrumplus.​com I...
pub­lished: 28 May 2010
2:22
Shoot­ing Fish In The Bar­rel, Why Is It That? (5:44am)
An ear­ly-at-morn­ing thought about new idiom I did learn: Like Shoot Fish in a Bar­rel. Foll...
pub­lished: 04 Oct 2011
au­thor: djflu­la
3:26
Id­ioms in En­glish - 'Blue'
www.​engvid.​com Feel­ing blue about not un­der­stand­ing id­ioms? Ex­pand your in­for­mal En­glish k...
pub­lished: 13 Jul 2009
au­thor: Alex­ES­Lvid
17:07
Seafood Id­ioms | Learn En­glish | Id­ioms
EX­TRAS: linguaspectrum.​com On­line lan­guage learn­ing and teach­ing: linguaspectrumplus.​com Y...
pub­lished: 26 Jun 2010
8:42
Id­ioms in En­glish - "Hand"
www.​engVid.​com Give your­self a hand by learn­ing some com­mon id­ioms in En­glish that use the...
pub­lished: 16 Apr 2009
au­thor: Jame­sESL
11:37
Meat Id­ioms | Learn En­glish | Id­ioms
EX­TRAS: linguaspectrum.​com On­line lan­guage learn­ing and teach­ing: linguaspectrumplus.​com A...
pub­lished: 05 Jun 2010
9:19
Egg Id­ioms | Learn En­glish | Id­ioms
EX­TRAS: linguaspectrum.​com On­line lan­guage learn­ing and teach­ing: linguaspectrumplus.​com T...
pub­lished: 06 May 2010
10:01
Heart Id­ioms | Learn En­glish | Id­ioms
Ex­tras: linguaspectrum.​com On­line lan­guage learn­ing and teach­ing: linguaspectrumplus.​com T...
pub­lished: 06 Oct 2009
9:34
Id­ioms in En­glish: 'Bird'
www.​engVid.​com There are a lot of id­ioms in En­glish that use the word 'bird'. That...
pub­lished: 21 Dec 2008
au­thor: Jame­sESL
13:20
Veg­etable Id­ioms | Learn En­glish | Id­ioms
EX­TRAS: linguaspectrum.​com On­line lan­guage learn­ing and teach­ing: linguaspectrumplus.​com E...
pub­lished: 05 Jul 2010
9:33
10 Com­mon Ex­pres­sions in En­glish
www.​engvid.​com In this les­son you will learn 10 very com­mon En­glish ex­pres­sions used in ev...
pub­lished: 02 Jun 2009
au­thor: Vale­nESL
5:00
Learn­ing En­glish - Les­son Four ( Id­ioms/Proverbs )
Today we lis­ten to some "Id­ioms". Prover­bial phras­es,say­ings and ex­pres­sions are...
pub­lished: 22 Aug 2007
5:22
Learn En­glish with Steve-Busi­ness En­glish 2-Id­ioms
In this video Steve an­swers ques­tions re­gard­ing ex­pres­sions and ques­tions used in busi­ness...
pub­lished: 15 Dec 2007
3:36
Head Id­ioms - BBC Learn­ing En­glish (The Teach­er)
The Teach­er in­tro­duces three En­glish id­ioms con­nect­ed with head....
pub­lished: 17 Jun 2008
13:03
Dairy Id­ioms | Learn En­glish | Id­ioms
EX­TRAS: linguaspectrum.​com On­line lan­guage learn­ing and teach­ing: linguaspectrumplus.​com I...
pub­lished: 25 May 2010
1:06
The Idiom Song
Full Down­load Avail­able Upon Re­quest! www.​gmullen.​net New song about Id­ioms. Con­tent coinc...
pub­lished: 21 Nov 2010
au­thor: chuck­les1735




  • A white elephant in 19th century Thai art is an idiom for a valuable but burdensome possession of which its owner cannot dispose and whose cost (particularly cost of upkeep) is out of proportion to its usefulness or worth
    Creative Commons / Carlb
  • Church of St. Alexander Nevsky. Many Orthodox churches were built after the dissolution of the USSR in a variety of styles, although most remain true to the Neo-Russian idiom.
    Creative Commons / Eugene Zelenko


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photo: US Army / Staff Sgt. Russell Klika
File - An Afghan National Army commando from the 6th Kandak hands schoolbags to women and children during a humanitarian assistance mission March 25, 2009, at a school in Kabul, Afghanistan.
CNN
08 Jul 2012
July 8, 2012 -- Updated 1002 GMT (1802 HKT) Kabul, Afghanistan (CNN) -- A shot rings out, but the burqa-clad woman sitting on the rocky ground does not respond. The man pointing a rifle at her from a...



photo: AP / Franck Robichon, Pool
U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton looks on before the start of an international conference on Afghan civilian assistance in Tokyo, Sunday, July 8, 2012.
The Australian
08 Jul 2012
US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton has made a powerful plea for the rights of women in Afghanistan, using a global forum to insist they must be part of the country's future growth. Her...



photo: US Army / Sgt. Michael J. MacLeod
A U.S. Army paratrooper with the 82nd Airborne Division's 1st Brigade Combat Team searches a passerby while sweeping a road for improvised explosive devices June 30, 2012, Ghazni Province, Afghanistan.
WorldNews.com
09 Jul 2012
Article be WN.com Correspondent Dallas Darling "When does a war end?", asked a student. Such a question was really no surprise. After all, hundreds of students I instruct (and millions more just like...



photo: WN / Ahmed Deeb
File - A shopkeeper rolls ups a large poster of Yasser Arafat in the  Gaza Strip, Palestinian territories.
WorldNews.com
10 Jul 2012
Article by WN.com Guest Writer Gilad Atzmon Since we now have conclusive evidence that Arafat was poisoned by radioactive polonium 210 and since Israel is the prime suspect in Arafat's 2004...





photo: Creative Commons / Randy43
Mercedes-Benz CLS-Class
The Times of India
09 Jul 2012
Tweet After the sleekest 4-door, Mercedes-Benz has now come out with pretty much the sleekest station wagon. Presenting the Mercedes-Benz CLS Shooting Brake It had been in the headlines for quite a...



  • Newstrack India Tweet New Delhi, June 29 (IANS) A debate over whether free-style contemporary western dance and music like hip-hop, R&B;, funk and soul can adapt to regional Indian influences is building up with voices for and against the concept. "Free-style hip-hop dance as a genre cannot become regional in...
  • Gulf News Imagine a language in which no word is repeated. That was architect Léon Krier’s challenge to his audience the other day. It wouldn’t be much of a language, is the point he was getting at. However much individual expression it would afford, it wouldn’t do much for actual...
  • The Examiner April is usually the month people refer to as 'coming in like a lion...goes out like a lamb.' Not so with Gruene Hall, in the Gruene Historic District, where every month of the year 'comes in like a lion and goes out like a lion' for Texas Music. This month of May and all visitors and who pack...
  • The New York Times In the ephemeral world of dance it’s telling to consider what sticks — not only onstage but also in the memory. In mine, from 2006, resides a beaming Sylvie Guillem during curtain calls for “Push,” a program in which she collaborated with the choreographer Russell Maliphant....
  • The Telegraph India KAHAANI uses the Indian idiom to fool the Indian idiom Those arguing that the sacred idiom of the Hindi commercial film — even if it be nothing but spoof and item numbers now — is inviolable, should see Kahaani to realise how Indian it feels and yet how enjoyably un-Bollywood....
  • The Hindu The auditorium was not overflowing; there was no thunderous applause for every item; there were no frequent frantic signals to the audio controls; no surprise inclusions; no overdose of swarakalpanas; no changing of flutes of different sizes. Yet, Mala Chandrasekar conveyed her musical expression...
  • A New Idiom, 28 Dec 2011
    Indian Express Conformism would hardly describe this year, as India accepted and appreciated those who swam against the tide — not by mindlessly contradicting tradition, but by holding up personal choices and writing new rules. One of the most popular actors of Hindi cinema had a child...
  • more news on: Idiom

    An idiom (Latin: idioma, "special property", f. Greek: ἰδίωμα – idiōma, "special feature, special phrasing", f. Greek: ἴδιος – idios, "one’s own") is an expression, word, or phrase that has a figurative meaning that is comprehended in regard to a common use of that expression that is separate from the literal meaning or definition of the words of which it is made.[1] There are estimated to be at least 25,000 idiomatic expressions in the English language.[2]

    In linguistics, idioms are usually presumed to be figures of speech contradicting the principle of compositionality; yet the matter remains debated.[citation needed] In phraseology, they are defined in a similar way as a sub-type of phraseme whose meaning is not the regular sum of the meanings of its components.[3] John Saeed defines an "idiom" as words collocated that became affixed to each other until metamorphosing into a fossilised term.[4] This collocation—words commonly used in a group—redefines each component word in the word-group and becomes an idiomatic expression. When taken jointly as a single, stand-alone entity, rather than being analyzed in terms of its words' separate literal meanings, the phrase develops a specialized meaning, thereby becoming an idiom. Moreover, an idiom is an expression, word, or phrase whose sense means something different from what the words literally imply. The idiom "beating around the bush" means to hint or discuss obliquely; nobody is literally beating any person or thing, and the bush is a metaphor. When a speaker uses an idiom, someone listening to that speaker might attribute an incorrect meaning to that idiom if the listener has not encountered that specific figure of speech before.[5] Idioms usually do not translate well; in some cases, when an idiom is translated into another language, either its meaning is changed or it is meaningless.

    When two or three words are often used together in a particular sequence, the words are said to be irreversible binomials, or Siamese twins. Usage will prevent the words from being displaced or rearranged. For example, a person may be left "high and dry" but never "dry and high." This idiom in turn means that the person is left in their former condition rather than being assisted so that their condition improves. Not all Siamese twins are idioms, however. "Reading, writing, and arithmetic" is a frozen trinomial, but it is usually taken literally.

    Contents

    Background[link]

    In the English expression to kick the bucket, a listener knowing only the meanings of kick and bucket would be unable to deduce the expression's true meaning: to die. Although this idiomatic phrase can, in fact, actually refer to kicking a bucket, native speakers of English rarely use it so. Cases like this are "opaque idioms".

    Literal translation (word-by-word) of opaque idioms will not convey the same meaning in other languages – an analogous expression in Polish is kopnąć w kalendarz ("to kick the calendar"), with "calendar" detached from its usual meaning, just like "bucket" in the English phrase. In Bulgarian, the closest analogous phrase is da ritnesh kambanata ("да ритнеш камбаната", "to kick the bell"); in Danish, at stille træskoene ("to take off the clogs"); in Dutch, het loodje leggen ("to lay the piece of lead"); in Finnish, potkaista tyhjää ("to kick the void"); in French, manger des pissenlits par la racine ("to eat dandelions by the root"); in German, den Löffel abgeben ("to give the spoon away") or ins Gras beißen ("to bite into the grass"); in Greek, τινάζω τα πέταλα ("to shake the horse-shoes"); in Latvian, nolikt karoti ("to put the spoon down");[6] in Norwegian, å parkere tøflene ("to park the slippers"); in Portuguese, bater as botas ("to beat the boots"); in Spanish, estirar la pata (to stretch one's leg); in Swedish, trilla av pinnen ("to fall off the stick"); and in Ukrainian, врізати дуба ("to cut the oak", as in building a coffin). In Brazil, the expression "to kick the bucket" (chutar o balde) has a completely different meaning (to give up on a difficult task, since a person coming to the end of their patience might kick a bucket in frustration).

    Some idioms, in contrast, are "transparent idioms" [7]: much of their meaning does get through if they are taken (or translated) literally. For example, "lay one's cards on the table" meaning to reveal previously unknown intentions, or to reveal a secret. Transparency is a matter of degree; "spill the beans" (to let secret information become known) and "leave no stone unturned" (to do everything possible in order to achieve or find something) are not entirely literally interpretable, but only involve a slight metaphorical broadening.

    Another category of idioms is a word having several meanings, sometimes simultaneously, sometimes discerned from the context of its usage. This is seen in the (mostly un-inflected) English language in polysemes, the common use of the same word for an activity, for those engaged in it, for the product used, for the place or time of an activity, and sometimes for a verb.

    Idioms tend to confuse those unfamiliar with them; students of a new language must learn its idiomatic expressions as vocabulary. Many natural language words have idiomatic origins, but are assimilated, so losing their figurative senses, for example, in Portuguese, the expression "saber de coração" (meaning "to know by heart", with the same meaning as in English), was shortened to "saber de cor", and, later, to the verb "decorar", meaning "memorize".

    Idioms of a language can be hard to translate to other languages, or translate to the wrong meaning. Richard Lederer told a (probably apocryphal) story that when the proverb “out of sight, out of mind” was fed into a translating machine at the United Nations through Chinese and back to English, the resulting phrase was “invisible, insane” (most likely using the prefix "in-" for "not"). He tried again with the idiom “the spirit is willing but the flesh is weak” with the translation this time reading: “the wine is good but the meat is off.”[8] This wrong translation is due to the usage of the wrong meaning rather than a difficulty in translating the meaning of the idiom.

    Culturally relative[link]

    An idiom is generally a colloquial metaphor[citation needed]—a term requiring some foundational knowledge, information, or experience, to use only within a culture, where conversational parties must possess common cultural references. Therefore, idioms are not considered part of the language, but part of the culture. As culture typically is localized, idioms often are useless beyond their local context; nevertheless, some idioms can be more universal than others, can be easily translated, and the metaphoric meaning can be deduced.

    As defined by The New International Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary, an idiom is an expression not readily analyzable from its grammatical construction or from the meaning of its component parts. It is the part of the distinctive form or construction of a particular language that has a specific form or style present only in that language.[cite this quote] Random House Webster’s College Dictionary seems to agree with this definition, even expanding it further, stating that an idiom is an expression whose meaning is not predictable from the usual grammatical rules of a language or from the usual meanings of its constituent elements.[cite this quote] Unlike many other aspects of language, an idiom does not readily change as time passes. Some idioms gain and lose favor in popular culture, but they rarely have any actual shift in their construction. Additionally, people sometimes have a tendency to exaggerate what they mean, giving birth to new idioms by accident.

    Many idiomatic expressions are based upon conceptual metaphors such as "time as a substance", "time as a path", "love as war", and "up is more"; the metaphor is essential, not the idioms. For example, "spend time", "battle of the sexes", and "back in the day" are idiomatic and based upon essential metaphors. These "deep metaphors" and their relationship to human cognition are discussed by George Lakoff and Mark Johnson in Metaphors We Live By (1980).

    In forms such as "profits are up", the metaphor is carried by "up" itself. The phrase "profits are up" is not an idiom; anything measurable can supplant "profits": "crime is up", "satisfaction is up", "complaints are up" et cetera. Essential idioms generally involve prepositions, e.g. "out of" and "turn into".

    Likewise, many Chinese characters are idiomatic constructs, since their meanings are often not traceable to a literal (pictographic) meaning of their radicals. Because characters are composed from a small base of some 214 radicals, their assembled meanings follow different interpretation modes —from the pictographic to the metaphoric to those that have lost their original meanings.

    See also[link]

    References[link]

    1. ^ The Oxford Companion to the English Language(1992) pp.495–96.
    2. ^ Jackendoff, R. (1997). The architecture of the language faculty. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
    3. ^ Mel’čuk Igor A. (1995). Phrasemes in language and phraseology in linguistics. In Martin Everaert, Erik-Jan van der Linden, André Schenk & Rob Schreuder (eds.), Idioms: Structural and Psychological perspectives, 167–232. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
    4. ^ Saeed, John I. (2003), Semantics. 2nd edition. Oxford: Blackwell. p. 60.
    5. ^ Saeed, John I. (2003), Semantics. 2nd edition. Oxford: Blackwell.
    6. ^ The Oxford Companion to the English Language(1992) pp.495–96.
    7. ^ Gibbs, R. W. (1987), "Linguistic Factors in Children's Understanding of Idioms." Journal of Child Language, 14, 569–586.
    8. ^ "ABC NewsRadio: wordwatch, Idioms". ABC. http://www.abc.net.au/newsradio/txt/s1512903.htm. Retrieved 24 April 2012. 

    Further reading[link]

    External links[link]

    http://wn.com/Idiom

    Related pages:

    http://ru.wn.com/Фразеологизм

    http://es.wn.com/Modismo




    This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idiom

    This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, which means that you can copy and modify it as long as the entire work (including additions) remains under this license.


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