Immigration (derived from Latin: ''migratio'') is the act of foreigners passing or coming into a country for the purpose of permanent residence. Immigration is made for many reasons, including economic, political, family re-unification, natural disaster, poverty or the wish to change one's surroundings voluntarily.

Statistics

The International Organization for Migration (IOM) stated there are more than 200-million migrants around the world today. Europe hosted the largest number of immigrants, with 70.6 million people in 2005. North America, with over 45.1 million immigrants, is second, followed by Asia, which hosts nearly 25.3 million. Most of today's migrant workers come from Asia.

The United Nations found that in 2005, there were nearly 191 million international migrants worldwide, about 3 percent of the world population. This represented a rise of 26 million since 1990. Sixty percent of these immigrants were now in developed countries, an increase on 1990. Those in less developed countries stagnated, mainly because of a fall in refugees. Contrast that to the average rate of globalization (the proportion of cross-border trade in all trade), which exceeds 20 percent. The numbers of people living outside their country of birth is expected to rise in the future.

The Middle West (USA), some parts of Europe, some small areas of South West Asia, and a few spots in the East Indies have the highest percentages of immigrant population recorded by the UN Census 2005. The reliability of immigrant censuses is low due to the concealed character of undocumented labor migration. The International Organization for Migration has estimated the number of foreign migrants to be over 200 million worldwide today.

2012 survey

A 2012 survey by Gallup found roughly 640 million adults would like to migrate to another country permanently if they had the chance. Nearly one-quarter (23%) of these respondents, which translates to more than 150 million adults worldwide, named the United States as their desired future residence, while an additional 7% of respondents, representing an estimated 45 million, chose the United Kingdom. The other top desired destination countries (those where an estimated 25 million or more adults would like to go) were Canada, France, Saudi Arabia, Australia, Germany and Spain.

See also article on remigration (by Gürkan Çelik) in Turkish Review: Turkey Pulls, The Netherlands Pushes? An increasing number of Turks, the Netherlands’ largest ethnic minority, are beginning to return to Turkey, taking with them the education and skills they have acquired abroad, as the Netherlands faces challenges from economic difficulties, social tension and increasingly powerful far-right parties. At the same time Turkey’s political, social and economic conditions have been improving, making returning home all the more appealing for Turks at large (pp. 94–99).

Understanding of immigration

General theories behind immigration

One theory of immigration distinguishes between Push and Pull. Push factors refer primarily the motive for emigration from the country of origin. In the case of economic migration (usually labor migration), differentials in wage rates are usual. If the value of wages in the new country surpasses the value of wages in one’s native country, he or she may choose to migrate as long as the costs are not too high. Particularly in the 19th century, economic expansion of the U.S. increased immigrant flow, and in effect, nearly 20% of the population was foreign born versus today’s values of 10%, making up a significant amount of the labor force. Poor individuals from less developed countries ''can'' have far higher standards of living in developed countries than in their originating countries. The cost of emigration, which includes both the explicit costs, the ticket price, and the implicit cost, lost work time and loss of community ties, also play a major role in the pull of emigrants away from their native country. As transportation technology improved, travel time and costs decreased dramatically between the 18th and early 20th century. Travel across the Atlantic used to take up to 5 weeks in the 18th century, but around the time of the 20th century it took a mere 8 days. When the opportunity cost is lower, the immigration rates tend to be higher. Escape from poverty (personal or for relatives staying behind) is a traditional push factor, the availability of jobs is the related pull factor. Natural disasters can amplify poverty-driven migration flows. This kind of migration may be illegal immigration in the destination country (emigration is also illegal in some countries, such as North Korea, Myanmar, and Cuba). Emigration and immigration are sometimes mandatory in a contract of employment: religious missionaries, and employees of transnational corporations, international non-governmental organizations and the diplomatic service expect, by definition, to work 'overseas'. They are often referred to as 'expatriates', and their conditions of employment are typically equal to or better than those applying in the host country (for similar work).

For some migrants, education is the primary pull factor (although most international students are not classified as immigrants). Retirement migration from rich countries to lower-cost countries with better climate is a new type of international migration. Examples include immigration of retired British citizens to Spain or Italy and of retired Canadian citizens to the U.S. (mainly to the U.S. states of Florida and Texas).

Non-economic push factors include persecution (religious and otherwise), frequent abuse, bullying, oppression, ethnic cleansing and even genocide, and risks to civilians during war. Political motives traditionally motivate refugee flows—to escape dictatorship for instance.

Some migration is for personal reasons, based on a relationship (e.g. to be with family or a partner), such as in family reunification or transnational marriage (especially in the instance of a gender imbalance). In a few cases, an individual may wish to immigrate to a new country in a form of transferred patriotism. Evasion of criminal justice (e.g. avoiding arrest) is a personal motivation. This type of emigration and immigration is not normally legal, if a crime is internationally recognized, although criminals may disguise their identities or find other loopholes to evade detection. There have been cases, for example, of those who might be guilty of war crimes disguising themselves as victims of war or conflict and then pursuing asylum in a different country.

Barriers to immigration come not only in legal form; natural and social barriers to immigration can also be very powerful. Immigrants when leaving their country also leave everything familiar: their family, friends, support network, and culture. They also need to liquidate their assets often at a large loss, and incur the expense of moving. When they arrive in a new country this is often with many uncertainties including finding work, where to live, new laws, new cultural norms, language or accent issues, possible racism and other exclusionary behavior towards them and their family. These barriers act to limit international migration (scenarios where populations move ''en masse'' to other continents, creating huge population surges, and their associated strain on infrastructure and services, ignore these inherent limits on migration.) The politics of immigration have become increasingly associated with other issues, such as national security, terrorism, and in western Europe especially, with the presence of Islam as a new major religion. Those with security concerns cite the 2005 civil unrest in France that point to the Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy as an example of the value conflicts arising from immigration of Muslims in Western Europe. Because of all these associations, immigration has become an emotional political issue in many European nations.

Studies have suggested that some special interest groups lobby for less immigration for their own group and more immigration for other groups since they see effects of immigration, such as increased labor competition, as detrimental when affecting their own group but beneficial when affecting other groups. A 2010 European study suggested that "that employers are more likely to be pro-immigration than employees, provided that immigrants are thought to compete with employees who are already in the country. Or else, when immigrants are thought to compete with employers rather than employees, employers are more likely to be anti-immigration than employees." A 2011 study examining the voting of US representatives on migration policy suggests that "that representatives from more skilled labor abundant districts are more likely to support an open immigration policy towards the unskilled, whereas the opposite is true for representatives from more unskilled labor abundant districts."

Another contributing factor may be lobbying by earlier immigrants. The Chairman for the US Irish Lobby for Immigration Reform which lobby for more permissive rules for immigrants, as well as special arrangements just for Irish, has stated that "the Irish Lobby will push for any special arrangement it can get — 'as will every other ethnic group in the country.'"

Region-specific factors for immigration

As a principle, citizens of one member nation of the European Union are allowed to work in other member nations with little to no restriction on movement. This is aided by the EURES network which brings together the European Commission and the public employment services of the countries belonging to the European Economic Area and Switzerland. For non-EU-citizen permanent residents in the EU, movement between EU-member states is considerably more difficult. After 155 new waves of accession to the European Union, earlier members have often introduced measures to restrict participation in "their" labour markets by citizens of the new EU-member states. For instance, Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal and Spain each restricted their labor market for up to seven years both in the 2004 and 2007 round of accession.

Due to the European Union's—in principle—single internal labour market policy, countries such as Italy and the Republic of Ireland that have seen relatively low levels of labour immigration until recently (and which have often sent a significant portion of their population overseas in the past) are now seeing an influx of immigrants from EU countries with lower per capita annual earning rates, triggering nationwide immigration debates. Spain, meanwhile, is seeing growing illegal immigration from Africa. As Spain is the closest EU member nation to Africa—Spain even has two autonomous cities (Ceuta and Melilla) on the African continent, as well as an autonomous community (the Canary Islands) west of North Africa, in the Atlantic—it is physically easiest for African emigrants to reach. This has led to debate both within Spain and between Spain and other EU members. Spain has asked for border control assistance from other EU states; the latter have responded that Spain has brought the wave of African illegal migrants on itself by granting amnesty to hundreds of thousands of undocumented foreigners. There were 35,638 migrants in Israel in 2011.

Japan

In the early 1990s, Japan relaxed its relatively tight immigration laws to allow special entry permits for foreigners of Japanese ancestry in South America to make up for a labor shortage. According to Japanese immigration centre, the number of foreign residents in Japan has steadily increased, and the number of foreign residents (including permanent residents, but excluding illegal immigrants and short-term visitors such as foreign nationals staying less than 90 days in Japan) was more than 2.2 million in 2008. The biggest groups are Koreans (both south and north), Chinese (including People's Republic of China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Macau nationalities), and Brazilians. Most of the Brazilians in Japan have Japanese ancestry due to the huge Japanese immigration to Brazil in the first decades of the 20th century. Immediately after World War II, most Koreans in Japan were formerly conscripted as forced labour during the war.

Among the immigrants, Japan accepts a steady flow of 15,000 new Japanese citizens by per year. Indeed, the concept of ''ethnic groups'' by the Japanese statistics is different from that used in North American or some Western European statistics. For example, the United Kingdom Census asks about its citizens' "ethnic or racial background". The Japanese Statistics Bureau does not ask this question. Since the Japanese census asks about nationality rather than ethnicity, naturalized Japanese citizens and Japanese nationals with multi-ethnic backgrounds are considered simply to be Japanese in the population of Japan.

According to the Japanese Association for Refugees, the number of refugees who applied to live in Japan has rapidly increased since 2006, and there were more than a thousand applications in 2008. Japan's refugee policy has been criticized both domestically and internationally because the number of refugees accepted into Japan is small compared to countries such as Canada and France. For example, according to the UNHCR, in 1999 Japan accepted 16 refugees for resettlement, while the United States took in 85,010, and New Zealand (which is smaller than Japan) accepted 1,140. Between 1981, when Japan ratified the U.N. Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, and 2002, Japan recognized only 305 persons as refugees.

Europe

According to Eurostat, 47.3 million people lived in the EU in 2010, who were born outside their resident country. This corresponds to 9.4% of the total EU population. Of these, 31.4 million (6.3%) were born outside the EU and 16.0 million (3.2%) were born in another EU member state. The largest absolute numbers of people born outside the EU were in Germany (6.4 million), France (5.1 million), the United Kingdom (4.7 million), Spain (4.1 million), Italy (3.2 million), and the Netherlands (1.4 million).

Some EU member states are currently receiving large-scale immigration: for instance Spain, where the economy has created more than the whole of all the new jobs in the EU over the past five years. The EU, in 2005, had an overall net gain from international migration of +1.8 million people. This accounts for almost 85% of Europe's total population growth in 2005. Immigrants in Sweden are mostly concentrated in the urban areas of Svealand and Götaland and the five largest foreign born populations in Sweden come from Finland, Yugoslavia, Iraq, Poland and Iran.

United Kingdom

In 2007, net immigration to the UK was 237,000, a rise of 46,000 on 2006. According to recent studies, the amount of immigrants migrating from Mexico should continue to increase tremendously each year.

Canada

Canada's immigration is driven by economic policy and family reunification, and is aiming for between 240,000 and 265,000 new permanent residents in 2010. In 2001, 250,640 people immigrated to Canada. Newcomers settle mostly in the major urban areas of Toronto and Vancouver. Since the 1990s, the majority of Canada's immigrants have come from Asia. The leading emigrating countries to Canada are China, Philippines and India. Accusing a person of racism in Canada is usually considered a serious slur. All political parties are now cautious about criticizing of the high level of immigration, because, as noted by the Globe and Mail, "in the early 1990s, the old Reform Party was branded 'racist' for suggesting that immigration levels be lowered from 250,000 to 150,000."

"Alfred Currier, Impasto" paintings of migrant farm workers, pub; University of Washington Press by T. Lindberg

United States

Historians estimate that fewer than 1 million immigrants – perhaps as few as 400,000 – crossed the Atlantic during the 17th and 18th centuries. Relatively few 18th-century immigrants came from England: only 80,000 between 1700 and 1775, compared to 350,000 during the 17th century. In addition, between the 17th and 19th centuries, an estimated 645,000 Africans were brought to what is now the United States.

}}

Further reading

Appel, Jacob. ''The Ethical Case for an Open Immigration Policy'' May 4, 2009.

Balin, Bryan. ''State Immigration Legislation and Immigrant Flows: An Analysis'' Johns Hopkins University, 2008.

Bauder, Harald. ''Labor Movement: How Migration Regulates Labor Markets'', New York: Oxford University Press, 2006.

Center for Immigration Studies Refer to "Publications" for research on illegal immigration, demographic trends, terrorism concerns, environmental impact, and other subjects.

De La Torre, Miguel A., ''Trails of Hope and Terror: Testimonies on Immigration''. Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Press, 2009.

Esbenshade, Jill. ''Division and Dislocation: Regulating Immigration through Local Housing Ordinances''. Immigration Policy Center, American Immigration Law Foundation, Summer 2007.

Ewing, Walter A. ''Border Insecurity: U.S. Border-Enforcement Policies and National Security'', Immigration Policy Center, American Immigration Law Foundation, Spring 2006.

Freeman, Joe. ''Living and Working in the European Union for Non-EU Nationals''. Lulu.com, 2007. ISBN 0-9786254-0-4

Immigration Policy Center. ''Economic Growth & Immigration: Bridging the Demographic Divide''. Immigration Policy Center, American Immigration Law Foundation, November 2005.

Karakayali, Nedim. 2005. “Duality and Diversity in the Lives of Immigrant Children: Rethinking the ‘Problem of Second Generation’ in Light of Immigrant Autobiographies”, ''Canadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology'', Vol. 42, No. 3, pp. 325–344.

Kolb, Eva. ''The Evolution of New York City's Multiculturalism: Melting Pot or Salad Bowl. Immigrants in New York from the 19th Century until the End of the Gilded Age.'' BOD, 2009. ISBN 3837093034

Legrain, Philippe. ''Immigrants: Your Country Needs Them''. Little Brown, 2007. ISBN 0316732486

Massey, Douglas S. ''Beyond the Border Buildup: Towards a New Approach to Mexico-U.S. Migration''. Immigration Policy Center, American Immigration Law Foundation, September 2005.

Massey, Douglas S., Joaquín Arango, Hugo Graeme, Ali Kouaouci, Adela, Pellegrino, and J. Edward Taylor.''Worlds in Motion: Understanding International Migration at the End of the Millennium''. New York: Oxford University Press, 2005. ISBN 0-19-928276-5

Meilander, Peter C. ''Towards a Theory of Immigration''. Palgrave Macmillan, 2001. ISBN 978-0312240349

Molina, Natalia. ''Fit to Be Citizens?: Public Health and Race in Los Angeles, 1879-1940''. University of California Press, 2006.

Myers, Dowell. ''Immigrants and Boomers: Forging a New Social Contract for the Future of America''. Russell Sage Foundation, 2007. ISBN 978-0-87154-636-4

Passel, Jeffrey S. ''Estimates of the Size and Characteristics of the Undocumented Population''. Pew Hispanic Center, March 2005.

Passel, Jeffrey S. ''Growing Share of Immigrants Choosing Naturalization''. Pew Hispanic Center, March 2007.

Passel, Jeffrey S. and Roberto Suro. ''Rise, Peak and Decline: Trends in U.S. Immigration''. Pew Hispanic Center, September 2005.

Pearce, Susan C. ''Immigrant Women in the United States: A Demographic Portrait''. Immigration Policy Center, American Immigration Law Foundation, Summer 2006.

Portes, Alejandro and József Böröcz, "Contemporary Immigration: Theoretical Perspectives on Its Determinants and Modes of Incorporation" International Migration Review, 23,3, Silver Anniversary Issue, International Migration: an Assessment for the 90's. (Autumn, 1989), pp. 606–630.

Rumbaut, Ruben and Walter Ewing. "The Myth of Immigrant Criminality and the Paradox of Assimilation: Incarceration Rates among Native and Foreign-Born Men." The Immigration Policy Center, Spring 2007.

Sintès Pierre, ''La raison du mouvement : territoires et réseaux de migrants albanais en Grèce'', Karthala, Maison Méditerranéenne des sciences de l’homme, Ecole française d’Athènes, Paris - Aix-en-Provence - Athens, 2010.

Sirkeci, Ibrahim ''The Environment of Insecurity in Turkey and the Emigration of Turkish Kurds to Germany'', ISBN 978-0-7734-5739 New York, Edwin Mellen Press, 2006.

Valle, Isabel. ''Fields of Toil: A Migrant Family's Journey''. ISBN 978-0-87422-101-5

West, Lorane A. ''Color: Latino Voices in the Pacific Northwest''. ISBN 978-0-87422-274-6

Zolberg, Aristide. ''A Nation by Design: Immigration Policy in the Fashioning of America''. Harvard University Press, 2006. ISBN 0674022181

External links

Immigration and Migration from ''UCB Libraries GovPubs''

International Migration from the United Nations

UNESCO Programme on International Migration and Multicultural Policies

OECD Migration Data

BBC News Factfile: Global migration

The debate about separate Immigration Courts in the US

Immigration Newspaper Archive A collection of more than 50,000 searchable newspaper articles on Immigration.

A world map with territory sizes adjusted to the number of immigrants living in those countries

Princeton Center for Migration and Development—a leading research center on migration to the USA

Casahistoria - European emigration since 1800—links to 19th & 20th century global European emigration

Do Foreigners Have Rights? François Crépeau, Professor of International Law, University of Montreal

*

Category:Demography Category:Population Category:Majority–minority relations

ar:هجرة az:İmmiqrasiya bn:অভিবাসন bg:Имиграция bs:Imigracija ca:Immigració cs:Imigrace cy:Mewnfudo da:Immigration de:Einwanderung et:Immigratsioon el:Μετανάστευση es:Inmigración eo:Enmigrado eu:Migrazio fa:مهاجرت fr:Immigration ko:이민 hi:आव्रजन hr:Doseljeništvo io:Enmigro id:Imigrasi is:Aðflutningur it:Immigrazione jv:Imigrasi ht:Imigrasyon la:Immigratio lv:Imigrācija lt:Imigracija mk:Имиграција ms:Imigrasi nl:Immigratie ja:移民 no:Innvandring nn:Innvandring pt:Imigração ru:Иммиграция населения sah:Иммиграция sq:Imigrimi simple:Immigration sk:Prisťahovalectvo sr:Имиграција sh:Imigracija fi:Maahanmuutto sv:Invandring tl:Pandarayuhan tr:Göçmen uk:Імміграція vi:Nhập cư zh:外來移民

Name	Tan Le
Birth date	May 20, 1977
Birth place	Vietnam
Occupation	Technology entrepreneur. Co-Founder of Emotiv
Website	http://emotiv.com
Footnotes	}}

Tan Le (born 1977), a Vietnamese-Australian telecommunications entrepreneur, is a co-Founder of Emotiv. She was named the 1998 Young Australian of the Year.

Born in Vietnam, Tan migrated to Australia as a refugee with her family in 1982. Tan began university studies at the age of 16 and went on to complete a Bachelor's degree in law and commerce in 1998 at Monash University. As president of the Vietnamese Community of Footscray Association, she made a number of contributions to charities and newspapers throughout Melbourne.

Tan co-founded and ran SASme, a pioneer in providing SMPP platforms to telecommunication carriers and content aggregators, and one of the companies responsible for the creation of Australia's SMS application market. Tan helped grow SASme to thirty-five employees and multiple locations worldwide. Tan has also worked with one of Australia's leading law firms, Freehills.

In 1998, Tan was named Young Australian of the Year and voted one of Australia's 30 Most Successful Women Under 30.

Tan was a Special Ambassador to the United Kingdom as a guest of the British High Commission and Foreign Commonwealth Office, a Goodwill Ambassador for Australia in Asia, and a Patron of the Australian Youth Ambassadors for Development Program. Tan has been an Ambassador for the Status of Women since 2001, and she has also been appointed to a number of prominent Boards, including Plan International Australia, Australian Citizenship Council, National Committee for Human Rights Education in Australia, and RMIT Business in Entrepreneurship.

Tan’s story was featured in the 'Hope' section of the Eternity Exhibition of the National Museum of Australia. Tan has been featured in "Who's Who in Australia" List since 1999 and "Who's Who of Australian Women" List in 2007 & 2008, Fast Company's Most Influential Women in Technology in 2010 and Forbes' 50 Names You Need to Know in 2011. Tan has been honored by the World Economic Forum as a Young Global Leader since 2009.

Tan Le also uses her talents as a motivational speaker. Her areas of discussion include topics that show the realities and possibilities of innovation, technology and entrepreneurship.

References

External links

Inc. Magazine profile

TED talk by Tan Le: "A headset that reads your brainwaves"

Fast Company's Most Influential Women in Technology 2010

Forbes: 50 Names You Need to Know in 2011

Tan Le Profile Page on BigSpeak.com

Category:Australian people of Vietnamese descent Category:Living people Category:Australian of the Year Award winners Category:Young Australian of the Year Award winners Category:1978 births

name	Karen O
background	solo_singer
birth name	Karen Lee Orzolek
birth date	November 22, 1978
Birth place	South Korea
origin	New Jersey, United States
instrument	Vocals, piano
genre	Indie rock, art punk, alternative rock
years active	Since 2000
label	Interscope
associated acts	Yeah Yeah Yeahs Native Korean Rock }}

Karen Lee Orzolek (born November 22, 1978), better known by her stage name Karen O, is the vocalist for New York rock band Yeah Yeah Yeahs.

Early life

Karen O was born in November 1978 in South Korea to a Korean mother and a Polish father. She eventually moved to the United States, where she grew up in Englewood, New Jersey. She has commented on her childhood: "It's almost embarrassing how well-behaved I was, which is probably why I do things like spit water on myself onstage as an adult." She attended Oberlin College, but transferred to New York University's Tisch School of the Arts. She is now based in Los Angeles.

Career

Karen O is best known as the frontwoman for the band Yeah Yeah Yeahs. She has also been noted for her sense of fashion, wearing ostentatious outfits made by her friend, fashion designer Christian Joy. In the early days of the band, she became well known for her outrageous antics during live shows.

''Playboy'' made an offer for her to pose on their cover. Karen O said on the subject, "I was approached but I said no. Who knows though? Maybe I'll do it in the future, but now doesn't seem to be the right time." Since then, however, Karen stated in an interview with Associated Press magazine that she has changed her mind and would never do Playboy because of the audience that Playboy magazine attracts.

During a tour for the 2003 Livid Festival in Australia, at a sideshow at The Metro in Sydney, she accidentally danced off the stage and was reluctantly taken to a hospital. A few days later at the Sydney leg of the Livid Festival, she appeared in a wheelchair pushed by Angus Andrew.

Karen O won ''Spin Magazine'''s Sex Goddess Award in both 2004 and 2005. In 2006, she was named one of rock's hottest women by ''Blender''. In 2007, Karen O placed #3 on Spinner.com's Women Who Rock Right Now. In February 2010, she won a Shockwaves NME Award for the Hottest Woman.

She began working on a small side project called Native Korean Rock and the Fishnets with fellow NYC musicians in 2008.

In 2009, she contributed backing vocals, screaming animal sounds and noises to the songs "Gemini Syringes", "I Can Be A Frog", and "Watching the Planets" on The Flaming Lips album ''Embryonic''.

In 2011, she contributed vocals on the song "Pinky's Dream" on the David Lynch debut album ''Crazy Clown Time''.

On the collaboration project with N.A.S.A. on ''The Spirit of Apollo'', she appears on the track "Strange Enough", together with Ol' Dirty Bastard and Fatlip.

O's vocal approach has been described as "ethereal", sometimes compared to indie folk artist Quinn Marston, and has been described as "yelping" at times. She described her approach:

Soundtrack work

O was featured in the track "Cut Me Up" by Har Mar Superstar for the soundtrack to the 2005 horror film ''House of Wax''. For the movie ''Jackass 2'', Karen O collaborated with electronic artist Peaches and Johnny Knoxville to record a track entitled "Backass"; for ''Jackass 3D'', she covered the Roger Alan Wade's "If You're Gonna Be Dumb" under the alternative title of "If You're Gonna Be Dumb, You Gotta Be Tough". In 2007, she also contributed vocals to a version of Bob Dylan's "Highway 61 Revisited" for the ''I'm Not There'' movie soundtrack. At the end of episode 409, "Brothers Cinco", of the ''Tim and Eric Awesome Show, Great Job!'' she performed a short song.

In May 2011, it was reported that Karen O had collaborated with Trent Reznor on a cover version of Led Zeppelin's "Immigrant Song" for the soundtrack to the English-language version of the film ''The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo'', for which Reznor composed the score. In December 2011 it was announced that the song would open the soundtrack album, be released as the opening single, and be available free to all who pre-ordered before the official release date (December 9).

''Where the Wild Things Are''

Karen O composed all of the songs on the soundtrack of ''Where the Wild Things Are'' (with the exception of a cover of the Daniel Johnston song,"Worried Shoes") in collaboration with Carter Burwell. The film was directed by her former boyfriend Spike Jonze. She is listed on the soundtrack as "Karen O and the Kids". Karen O and her Yeah Yeah Yeahs bandmate Nick Zinner co-wrote "All is Love", which was nominated for the "Grammy Award for Best Song Written for a Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media", a songwriter's award, at the 2010 Grammy Awards.

Video work

In 2004 Karen O, using the moniker ''Marshmellow'', directed the music video for "We Fenced Other Gardens with the Bones of Our Own" by the Liars, fronted by her then boyfriend Angus Andrew. The following year she directed the "Blessed Evening" video for Foetus with her then boyfriend Spike Jonze working as cinematographer. In 2006 she directed the Yeah Yeah Yeahs' video "Cheated Hearts".

Under the moniker ''Kids With Canes'', Karen O and her boyfriend Barney Clay directed the music video for the Tiny Masters of Today song "Hologram World", released on February 8, 2008. Karen also contributed vocals to the song, served as choreographer of the video, in which she appears along with Yeah Yeah Yeahs bandmates Nick Zinner and Brian Chase as well as Mike D from the Beastie Boys, Gibby Haynes from the Butthole Surfers, Russell Simins from the Blues Explosion and Sam James from The Mooney Suzuki.

The ''KO At Home'' demo leak

On December 10, 2006, a home-recorded album titled ''KO at Home'' was leaked via an invite-only BitTorrent tracking site. The album, originally a personal gift to Dave Sitek of the NYC band TV on the Radio, was discovered inside a suitcase Sitek left behind in a New York City apartment. The disc's 14 tracks and scan of the cover – a photograph of Karen O, with a poem written by Oscar Wilde on the back side of the photo – quickly spread. The music news site stereogum.com broke the story of the leak the following morning and continued their coverage when Sitek lashed out at the fan who leaked the demos. Eventually Sitek followed up his comments with an apology letter. Karen O's response to the leak was "shit happens" and although she was somewhat "grossed out," she offered advice on which of the songs she liked the most, namely the tracks "Pumpkin" and "Snakes and Worms".

Personal life

In 2011, Karen O married longtime boyfriend Barnaby Clay.

References

External links

Yeah Yeah Yeahs official website

2010 interview with Karen O

Category:Yeah Yeah Yeahs members Category:American female singers Category:American rock singers Category:New York University alumni Category:Oberlin College alumni Category:American people of Polish descent Category:American people of Korean descent Category:American musicians of Korean descent Category:American musicians of Polish descent Category:People from Englewood, New Jersey Category:Musicians from New Jersey Category:Naturalized citizens of the United States Category:South Korean emigrants to the United States Category:South Korean musicians Category:Living people Category:1978 births Category:NME Awards winners

es:Karen O fa:کارن او fr:Karen O gl:Karen O ko:캐런 오 it:Karen O ja:カレンO pl:Karen O pt:Karen O ro:Karen O fi:Karen O sv:Karen O

name	Trent Reznor
background	solo_singer
birth name	Michael Trent Reznor
birth date	May 17, 1965
Birth place	Mercer, Pennsylvania, U.S.
spouse	Mariqueen Maandig (May 17, 2009)
instrument	Vocals, guitar, piano, synthesizer, mellotron, keyboards, bass guitar, saxophone, cello, double bass, drums, tuba, sousaphone, harmonium, marimba, pan flute, harpsichord, vibraphone, swarmatron
genre	Industrial rock, industrial metal, post-industrial, dark ambient, alternative rock, experimental rock
occupation	Musician, songwriter, sound designer, record producer, film score composer
years active	1982–present
label	The Null Corporation, Nothing, Interscope, Universal, TVT
associated acts	Option 30, The Innocent, Exotic Birds, Nine Inch Nails, How to Destroy Angels, Tapeworm, Atticus Ross, Marilyn Manson, David Fincher
website	www.nin.com
spouse	Mariqueen Maandig }}

Michael Trent Reznor (born May 17, 1965) is an American singer–songwriter, composer, and record producer. As both a vocalist and a multi-instrumentalist, Reznor has led the industrial rock project Nine Inch Nails beginning in 1988, and as of 2010 he and his wife, Mariqueen Maandig, are also members of the post-industrial band How to Destroy Angels alongside fellow composer Atticus Ross, with whom Reznor has scored two films. Reznor was previously associated with the bands Option 30, Exotic Birds, and Tapeworm, among others. Reznor left Interscope Records in 2007, and is now an independent recording artist.

Reznor began creating music early in his life, and cites his Western Pennsylvania childhood as an early influence. After being involved with a number of synthesizer-based bands in the mid-80s, Reznor gained employment at Right Track Studios in Cleveland, Ohio and began creating his own music during the studio's closing hours under the moniker Nine Inch Nails. Reznor's first release as Nine Inch Nails, ''Pretty Hate Machine'' (1989), was a commercial and critical success, and he has since released seven major studio releases. Outside of Reznor's chief project Nine Inch Nails, he has contributed to many other artists' albums, including Marilyn Manson and Saul Williams. In 1997, Reznor appeared in ''Time'' magazine's list of the year's most influential people, and in ''Spin'' magazine he was described as "the most vital artist in music."

Reznor, in collaboration with Atticus Ross, composed the score for the soundtrack to ''The Social Network'', a 2010 theatrical film about the founding of Facebook. The duo won the 2010 Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score and the Academy Award for Best Original Score for their collaboration. Reznor and Ross also composed the score to the US film adaptation of the novel ''The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo'', which was released in late 2011. Both soundtrack albums were released by The Null Corporation, Reznor's own independent record label.

Early life

Reznor was born in Mercer, Pennsylvania, halfway between Pittsburgh and Erie, the son of Nancy Lou (née Clark) and Michael Reznor. After his parents divorced, he lived with his maternal grandparents, while his sister Tera lived with their mother. Reznor is a direct descendant of George Reznor, who founded the Reznor Company, a heating and air conditioning company, in 1888. The family sold the business in the 1960s.

Reznor began playing the piano at the age of five and showed an early aptitude for music. In a 1995 interview, his grandfather, Bill Clark, remarked, "Music was his life, from the time he was a wee boy. He was so gifted." His former piano teacher Rita Beglin said "Reznor always reminded me of Harry Connick, Jr." when he played.

Reznor has acknowledged that his sheltered life in Pennsylvania left him feeling isolated from the outside world. In a 1994 interview with ''Rolling Stone'', he references his choices in the music industry. However, Reznor later said, "I don't want to give the impression it was a miserable childhood."

At Mercer Area Junior/Senior High School, Reznor learned to play the tenor saxophone and tuba. He was a member of both the jazz and marching band. Former Mercer High School band director Dr. Hendley Hoge remembered Reznor as "very upbeat and friendly." Reznor also became involved in theater while in high school. He was voted "Best in Drama" by classmates for his roles as Judas in ''Jesus Christ Superstar'' and Professor Harold Hill in ''The Music Man''. Reznor graduated from this high school in 1983 and enrolled at Allegheny College, where he studied computer engineering.

Music career

Early musical projects

While he was enrolled in Allegheny College, Reznor joined local band Option 30, playing three shows a week with them. After only a year of college, Reznor dropped out and moved to Cleveland, Ohio to pursue a career in music. In 1985, he joined The Innocent as a keyboardist. They released one album, ''Livin' in the Street'', but Reznor quit after just three months. In 1986, Reznor joined local band Exotic Birds, during this time, Reznor also contributed on keyboards to the band Slam Bamboo. He also appeared with them as the fictional band "The Problems" in the 1987 film ''Light of Day''.

Reznor got a job at Cleveland's Right Track Studio as an assistant engineer and janitor. Studio owner Bart Koster later commented that Reznor was "so focused in everything he [did]. When that guy waxed the floor, it looked great." Reznor asked Koster for permission to record demos of his own songs for free during unused studio time. Koster agreed, remarking that it cost him "just a little wear on [his] tape heads". While assembling these, the earliest Nine Inch Nails recordings, Reznor was unable to find a band that could articulate his songs as he wanted. Instead, inspired by Prince, he played all the instruments himself, except drums. This role remains Reznor's on most of the band's studio recordings, though he has occasionally involved other musicians and assistants. Several labels responded favorably to the demo material, and Reznor signed with TVT Records. Nine selections from the Right Track demos were unofficially released in 1988 as ''Purest Feeling''; many of these songs had appeared in revised form on his 1989 debut studio album under the stage name Nine Inch Nails.

Formation of Nine Inch Nails

Most of Reznor's work as a musician has been as founding and primary member of Nine Inch Nails. Nine Inch Nails' debut album, ''Pretty Hate Machine'' was released in 1989. It was a moderate commercial success, and was certified Gold in 1992. Amid pressure from Reznor's record label to produce a follow-up to ''Pretty Hate Machine'', Reznor secretly began recording under various pseudonyms to avoid record company interference, resulting in the ''Broken'' EP, released in 1992. In the summer of 1991 Nine Inch Nails was included in the Lollapalooza package tour. They later won a Grammy Award in 1993 for the song "Wish" in the Best Heavy Metal Performance category.

Nine Inch Nails' second full-length album, ''The Downward Spiral'', entered the ''Billboard'' 200 chart in 1994 at number two, and remains the highest-selling Nine Inch Nails release in the United States. To record the album, Reznor rented and moved into the 10050 Cielo Drive mansion, site of the 1969 Manson Family murders. Reznor built a studio space in the house, which he renamed Le Pig, after the word that was scrawled on the front door in Sharon Tate's blood by her murderers. Reznor told ''Entertainment Weekly'' that despite the notoriety attached to the house, he chose to record there because, "I looked at a lot of places, and this just happened to be the one I liked most".

Nine Inch Nails toured extensively over the next few years, including a performance at Woodstock '94, although he admitted to the audience that he did not like to play large venues. Around this time, Reznor's studio perfectionism, struggles with addiction, and bouts of writer's block prolonged the production of a follow-up.

Collaboration with other artists

One of Reznor's earliest collaborations was a Ministry side project in 1990 under the name of 1000 Homo DJs. Reznor sang vocals on a cover of Black Sabbath's Supernaut. Due to legal issues with Reznor's label, Reznor's vocals had to be distorted enough to make his voice indistinguishable. The band also recorded additional versions with Al Jourgensen doing vocals. While there is still debate as to which version is Reznor and which is Jourgensen, it has been definitively stated that Reznor's vocals were used in the TVT Record's Black Box Box set. Reznor sang backing vocals on Tori Amos' 1994 album ''Under the Pink'' on a track called "Past The Mission." Reznor produced Marilyn Manson's first album ''Portrait of an American Family'' (1994), several tracks on Marilyn Manson's albums ''Smells Like Children'' (1995), and ''Antichrist Superstar'' (1996), as well as the film soundtracks for Oliver Stone's ''Natural Born Killers'' (1994) and David Lynch's ''Lost Highway'' (1997). Reznor is credited for "Driver Down" and "Videodrones; Questions" on the soundtrack for ''Lost Highway'', while another track, "The Perfect Drug", is credited to Nine Inch Nails instead. In 1998 Reznor produced a remix of Notorious B.I.G.'s song "Victory" which also featured Busta Rhymes. He also unofficially worked with Garrett Ahlstrom on "Big Black Bomb" a remix on "Burn" he stated on the spiral, "I never worked on the song but I still consider it an official mix"

Under the band name Tapeworm, Reznor collaborated over the span of nearly 10 years with Danny Lohner, Maynard James Keenan, and Atticus Ross, but the project was eventually terminated before any official material was released. The only known released Tapeworm material is a reworked version of a track called "Vacant," retitled "Passive", on A Perfect Circle's 2004 album ''eMOTIVe'', as well as a track called "Potions," off Puscifer's 2009 "C is for ..."

In 2006, Reznor played his first "solo" show(s) at Neil Young's annual Bridge School Benefit. Backed by a four piece string section, he performed stripped-down versions of many Nine Inch Nails songs. Reznor featured on El-P's 2007 album I'll Sleep When You're Dead, guesting on the track "Flyentology". The accompanying music video for the song and its artwork was created by Adult Swim, who aired the music video.

Reznor co-produced Saul Williams' 2007 album ''The Inevitable Rise and Liberation of NiggyTardust!'' after Williams toured with Nine Inch Nails in 2005 and 2006. Reznor convinced Williams to release the album as a free download, while giving fans the option of paying $5 for higher quality files, or downloading all of the songs at a lower quality for free. Reznor was also credited as "Musical Consultant" on the 2004 film ''Man on Fire''. The movie features six Nine Inch Nails songs. He has produced a number of songs for Jane's Addiction in his home studio in Beverly Hills. The first recordings, new versions of the early tracks "Chip Away" and "Whores," were released simultaneously on Jane's Addiction's website and the NINJA 2009 Tour Sampler digital EP.

How to Destroy Angels

In April 2010, it was announced that Reznor had formed a new band with his wife, Mariqueen Maandig, and Atticus Ross, called How to Destroy Angels. The group released a self-titled six song EP digitally on June 1, 2010, with the retail edition becoming available on July 6, 2010.

As an independent artist

In May 2008 Reznor founded The Null Corporation and Nine Inch Nails released the studio album ''The Slip'' as a free digital download. In his appreciation for his following and fan base, and having no contractual obligation, he made "The Slip" available for free on his website, stating “This one’s on me.” A month and a half after its online release, ''The Slip'' had been downloaded 1.4 million times from the official Nine Inch Nails website.

In February 2009, Reznor posted his thoughts about the future of Nine Inch Nails on NIN.com, stating that "I've been thinking for some time now it's time to make NIN disappear for a while." Reznor noted in an interview on the official website that while he has not stopped creating music as Nine Inch Nails, the group will not be touring in the foreseeable future.

Video games

The original music from id Software's video game ''Quake'' is credited to "Trent Reznor and Nine Inch Nails"; Reznor helped record sound effects and ambient audio, and the NIN logo appears on the nailgun ammunition boxes in the game. Reznor's association with id Software began with Reznor being a fan of the original ''Doom''. He reunited with id Software in 2003 as the sound engineer for ''Doom 3'', though due to "time, money and bad management", he had to abandon the project, and his audio work did not make it into the game's final release.

Nine Inch Nails' 2007 major studio recording, ''Year Zero'', was released alongside an accompanying alternate reality game. With its lyrics written from the perspective of multiple fictitious characters, Reznor described ''Year Zero'' as a concept album criticizing the United States government's current policies and how they will affect the world 15 years in the future.

Film composition

In 2001, Reznor was asked by Mark Romanek to provide the score for ''One Hour Photo'', but the music did not work for the film and was not used. These compositions eventually evolved into ''Still''.

Reznor collaborated with Atticus Ross to compose the score for David Fincher's ''The Social Network'', a 2010 drama film about the founding of Facebook. Says Reznor, "When I actually read the script and realized what he was up to, I said goodbye to that free time I had planned." The score was noted for portraying "Mark Zuckerberg the genius, developing a brilliant idea over ominous undertones," and received nearly unanimous praise across the board. On September 16, 2010, Reznor announced that the film's score would be released in October 2010 in multiple formats, including digital download, compact disc, 5.1 surround on Blu-ray disc, and vinyl record. A 5-song sampler EP was released for free via digital download. In 2011 Reznor and Ross won the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score and the Academy Award for Original Score for this work.

On January 7, 2011, Reznor announced that he would again be working with Fincher, this time to provide the score for the American adaptation of ''The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo''. A cover of "Immigrant Song" by Led Zeppelin produced by Reznor and Ross, with Karen O (of the Yeah Yeah Yeahs) as featured singer, was released by way of a trailer for the film. The cover extended for the entirety of the trailer and was well received by critics. Reznor and Ross were announced as nominees for the 2012 Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score for their score.

Business activity

Suit and counter-suit with John Malm

In 2004, Reznor's former manager John Malm Jr. filed suit in the United States district court of Ohio against Reznor for over $2 million in deferred commissions. The suit alleged that Reznor "reneged on every single contract he and Malm ever entered into", and that Reznor refused to pay Malm payments which he was contractually entitled to. Weeks later, Reznor filed a counter-suit in the U.S. District Court of New York, charging Malm with fraud and breach of fiduciary duties. Reznor's suit arose from a five-year management contract signed in the early days of Nine Inch Nails, between Reznor and Malm's management company J. Artist Management. This contract, according to the suit, was unlawful and immoral in that it secured Malm 20% of Reznor's ''gross'' earnings, rather than his ''net'' earnings, as is the standard practice between artists and their management. The suit also alleged that the contract secured this percentage even if Malm was no longer representing Reznor, and for all Reznor's album advances. The suit also described how Malm had misappropriated the ownership rights regarding Nine Inch Nails, including the trademark name "NIN". According to testimony by Malm, Reznor gave him half of the "NIN" trademark "as a gift."

Reznor stated that he began to fully understand his financial situation after tackling his addiction to drugs and alcohol. Reznor requested a financial statement from Malm in 2003, only to discover that he had only $400,000 in liquid assets. "It was not pleasant discovering you have a 10th as much as you've been told you have," Reznor told the court. Malm's lawyers, however, claimed that Malm had worked for years "pro bono", and that Reznor's inability to release an album or tour and his uninhibited spending were the reasons for Reznor's financial situation.

After a three week trial in 2005, jurors sided with Reznor, awarding him upwards of $2.95 million and returning to him complete control of his trademarks. After adjustment for inflation, Reznor's award rose to nearly $5 million.

Independence from major record labels

Following the release of ''Year Zero'', Reznor announced later that Nine Inch Nails had split from its contractual obligations with Interscope Records, and would distribute its next major albums independently. The last Nine Inch Nails release on Interscope was ''Year Zero Remixed'', based on material from ''Year Zero''.

Criticism of the music industry

In May 2007, Reznor made a post on the official Nine Inch Nails website condemning Universal Music Group—the parent company of the band's record label, Interscope Records—for their pricing and distribution plans for Nine Inch Nails' 2007 album ''Year Zero''. He labeled the company's retail pricing of ''Year Zero'' in Australia as "ABSURD," concluding that "as a reward for being a 'true fan' you get ripped off". Reznor went on to say that as "the climate grows more and more desperate for record labels, their answer to their mostly self-inflicted wounds seems to be to screw the consumer over even more." Reznor's post, specifically his criticism of the recording industry at large, elicited considerable media attention. In September 2007, Reznor continued his attack on Universal Music Group at a concert in Australia, urging fans there to "steal" his music online instead of purchasing it legally. Reznor went on to encourage the crowd to "steal and steal and steal some more and give it to all your friends and keep on stealin'."

Musical style and influence

Reznor is a fan of David Bowie, and has cited Bowie's 1977 album ''Low'' as one of his favorite albums. Reznor has stated that he played the album constantly during the recording of ''The Downward Spiral'' for inspiration. In 1995, Nine Inch Nails and David Bowie toured as a co-headlining act on the Outside Tour. Reznor also appeared in Bowie's video for "I'm Afraid of Americans", cast as Bowie's stalker. Reznor also made several remixes for the single release of the same song, as well as a remix of "The Hearts Filthy Lesson". Reznor also states in the 2010 documentary ''Rush: Beyond the Lighted Stage'' that the band Rush had played a major part in his childhood influences. He also stated that he considered Rush to be "one of the best bands ever" and had gained a perspective on how keyboards could be introduced into hard rock after listening to their 1982 album ''Signals''. Reznor also stated "Freddie Mercury's death meant more to me than John Lennon's" and covered Queen's "Get Down Make Love", which was produced by Paul Barker & Al Jourgensen of Ministry and released on the single for "Sin". In many interviews in ''Musician'', ''Spin'', and ''Alternative Press'', Reznor mentioned The Cars, The Jesus and Mary Chain, Soft Cell, Prince, Gary Numan, and The Cure's 1985 album, ''The Head on the Door'', as important influences. In a radio interview, Reznor stated the first song he ever wrote "Down in It" was a "total rip-off" of the Skinny Puppy song "Dig It."

Reznor's work as Nine Inch Nails has influenced many newer artists, which according to Reznor range from "generic imitations" dating from the band's initial success to younger bands echoing his style in a "truer, less imitative way". Following the release of ''The Downward Spiral'', mainstream artists began to take notice of Nine Inch Nails' influence: David Bowie compared NIN's impact to that of The Velvet Underground. In 1997, Reznor appeared in ''Time'' magazine's list of the year's most influential people, and ''Spin'' magazine described him as "the most vital artist in music." Bob Ezrin, producer for Pink Floyd, Kiss, Alice Cooper, and Peter Gabriel, described Reznor in 2007 as a "true visionary" and advised aspiring artists to take note of his no-compromise attitude. During a rare appearance at the ''Kerrang! Awards'' in London that year, Reznor accepted the ''Kerrang!'' Icon, honoring Nine Inch Nails' long-standing influence on rock music. Steven Wilson of progressive metal band Porcupine Tree has stated that he much admires Reznor's production work, in particular ''The Fragile''. Timbaland, one of pop music's most successful producers in recent years, has cited Reznor as his favorite studio producer.

Personal life

During the five years following the release of ''The Downward Spiral'' (1994), Reznor struggled with depression, social anxiety disorder, and the death of his grandmother, who raised him. During this period of intense grief, Reznor began abusing alcohol and other drugs. He eventually became addicted to alcohol and cocaine. Five years elapsed before Nine Inch Nails' next album, ''The Fragile'', a double CD that debuted in September 1999 at number one on the Billboard 200, selling 228,000 copies in its first week and receiving favorable reviews.

In 2001, Reznor successfully completed rehab, and eventually moved from New Orleans to Los Angeles. In a 2005 interview with ''Kerrang!'', Reznor reflected on his self-destructive past: "There was a persona that had run its course. I needed to get my priorities straight, my head screwed on. Instead of always working, I took a couple of years off, just to figure out who I was and working out if I wanted to keep doing this or not. I had become a terrible addict; I needed to get my shit together, figure out what had happened". In contrast with his former suicidal tendencies, Reznor also admitted in another interview that "[he is] pretty happy right now." Nine Inch Nails' next full-length album, ''With Teeth'' (2005), reached number one on ''Billboard'' 200.

Reznor married Mariqueen Maandig in October 2009. Their son, Lazarus Echo, was born in October 2010 and they are currently expecting another child.

Discography

References

External links

Category:1965 births Category:Living people Category:American multi-instrumentalists Category:American male singers Category:American music video directors Category:American record producers Category:American rock singers Category:American rock pianists Category:American rock keyboardists Category:American rock guitarists Category:American heavy metal keyboardists Category:American heavy metal singers Category:American singer-songwriters Category:American industrial musicians Category:American alternative rock musicians Category:American film score composers Category:Copyright activists Category:Dark ambient musicians Category:Nine Inch Nails Category:Nine Inch Nails members Category:Allegheny College alumni Category:Musicians from Cleveland, Ohio Category:Musicians from Ohio Category:People from Mercer County, Pennsylvania Category:Musicians from Pennsylvania Category:Kerrang! Awards winners Category:Best Original Music Score Academy Award winners Category:Pigface members Category:Quake Category:Video game composers Category:People from New Orleans, Louisiana Category:People self-identifying as alcoholics Category:People self-identifying as substance abusers

be:Трэнт Рэзнар be-x-old:Трэнт Рэзнар bg:Трент Резнър cs:Trent Reznor da:Trent Reznor de:Trent Reznor et:Trent Reznor es:Trent Reznor fa:ترنت رزنر fr:Trent Reznor gl:Trent Reznor id:Trent Reznor is:Trent Reznor it:Trent Reznor lv:Trents Reznors hu:Trent Reznor nl:Trent Reznor ja:トレント・レズナー no:Trent Reznor uz:Trent Reznor pl:Trent Reznor pt:Trent Reznor ro:Trent Reznor ru:Резнор, Трент simple:Trent Reznor fi:Trent Reznor sv:Trent Reznor tr:Trent Reznor uk:Трент Резнор

name	Atticus Ross
background	non_vocal_instrumentalist
birth name	Atticus Ross
birth date	January 16, 1968
Birth place	Ladbroke Grove, London, U.K.
genre	Post-industrial, dark ambient, experimental, electronica, alternative rock
occupation	Composer, producer, engineer
years active	1992–present }}

Atticus Ross (born 16 January 1968) is an English musician, composer and producer. Ross, along with Trent Reznor, won the Academy Award for Best Original Score for ''The Social Network'' in 2010.

Personal life

Atticus Ross is the son of Ian Ross, a founder of Radio Caroline, and Roxana Lampson, daughter of British diplomat Miles Lampson, 1st Baron Killearn and Jacqueline Castellani. His great-grandfather was the noted pathologist and bacteriologist Aldo Castellani, KCMG (Hon.). Liberty Ross, the model, is one of his five siblings. He was educated at Eton College, in the same house as Earl Spencer. David Cameron was also a contemporary.

Early career

Atticus Ross first came to notice in the mid-1990s as a programmer for Tim Simenon's Bomb the Bass during the period of the albums ''Unknown Territory'' and ''Clear''. He worked on a number of production and remix projects with Simenon as well as forming a collaborative relationship with former Bad Seed Barry Adamson. He programmed ''The Negro Inside Me'' and ''Oedipus Schmoedipus'', and produced ''As Above So Below'' before forming his own band 12 Rounds with Claudia Sarne and Adam Holden. They released two albums, ''Jitterjuice'' (Polydor Records) and ''My Big Hero'' (Nothing Records). A third full-length album was produced by Trent Reznor for Nothing Records, but ultimately never finished. Three songs from that album have since been released at http://www.12rounds.net as of August 2011.

2000 to present

Since moving to the United States in 2000, Ross has been credited as a producer and/or programmer on four Nine Inch Nails albums: ''With Teeth'', ''Year Zero'', ''Ghosts I-IV'' (on which he was also credited as co-writer) and ''The Slip''. He performed live with the band at their farewell show at the Wiltern. Beyond Nine Inch Nails, he has worked with Trent Reznor on other acts, including Saul Williams and Zack de la Rocha, and in 2009 they co-produced tracks for a re-formed Jane's Addiction with Alan Moulder.

Other work has included two co-productions with Joe Barresi, the Loverman EP ''Human Nurture'' and Coheed and Cambria's ''Year of the Black Rainbow'' as well as albums for Korn and Union of Knives. He has also produced tracks or done remixes for such artists as Grace Jones, Perry Farrell and Telepathe.

In May 2010, Ross appeared in a video, and was named as a member of a somewhat secret project, How to Destroy Angels, a collaboration known to also include Trent Reznor and Reznor's wife Mariqueen Maandig.

Film and television

Ross's work in film music began in 2004 when he scored the Hughes Brothers' TV series ''Touching Evil'' with his wife, Claudia Sarne, and brother, Leopold Ross. He has since provided music for two further Hughes Brothers projects: Allen Hughes's vignette in the film ''New York, I Love You'', and Ross's first feature, ''The Book of Eli'' (2010) starring Denzel Washington and Gary Oldman. The score was released through Reprise Records on 12 January 2010, and included a Dave Sitek remix of the main title "Panoramic". It won at the BMI awards and earned Ross a nomination as "Discovery of the Year" at the World Soundtrack Awards 2010. On 1 July 2010, Trent Reznor announced he and Ross were scoring David Fincher's new film ''The Social Network''. The soundtrack was released on 28 September 2010 and was praised for portraying "Mark Zuckerberg the genius, developing a brilliant idea over ominous undertones." Atticus Ross again collaborated with Trent Reznor on the ''Girl With the Dragon Tattoo'' soundtrack. His latest music work is on the samurai epic film ''47 Ronin'' directed by Carl Erik Rinsch, starring Keanu Reeves .

Awards

On 16 January 2011 (Ross's 43rd birthday), he and collaborator Trent Reznor won the award for Best Original Score at the 68th Golden Globe Awards for the original score of ''The Social Network''.

On 27 February 2011, Ross and Reznor received the Academy Award Best Original Score for ''The Social Network''.

Works

''47 Ronin'', a 2012 soundtrack.

''The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo'', a 2011 soundtrack with Trent Reznor.

''The Social Network'', a 2010 soundtrack with Trent Reznor for which they won an Academy award.

''How to Destroy Angels'', a 2010 eponymous EP

Programmed and/or produced the Nine Inch Nails albums ''With Teeth'', ''Year Zero'', ''Ghosts I-IV'' and ''The Slip''

Composed the score for the 2010 film ''The Book of Eli''

Remixed the Grace Jones single "Corporate Cannibal" which was included on her album ''Hurricane''

Programmer and writer for the band 12 Rounds

Produced Loverman's debut EP, ''Human Nurture'' with Joe Barresi for Young and Lost Club Records

Remixed the Telepathe song "Michael" on their album ''Dance Mother'', as a CD-only exclusive

Member of the band Error

Worked on albums with Bad Religion, Rancid, From First to Last and Zach de la Rocha

Member of the supergroup Tapeworm

Worked on Saul Williams's ''The Inevitable Rise and Liberation of Niggy Tardust''

Produced Coheed and Cambria's fifth album, ''Year of The Black Rainbow'', along with Joe Barresi

With his wife, Claudia Sarne, and his brother, Leopold Ross, composed the score for the USA Network TV series ''Touching Evil'', directed by the Hughes Brothers

Co-wrote, produced and programmed half of Korn's album ''See You on the Other Side'', and collaborated with the band again for their untitled album

Remixed the Transplants, From First to Last, Dillinger Escape Plan, Neneh Cherry, Biggie Smalls, and Korn

Produced the Perry Farrell single "Go All the Way (Into the Twilight)" for the movie ''Twilight''

Programmed on the Barry Adamson releases "The Negro Inside Me" and "Oedipus Schmoedipus", and produced ''As Above So Below'', with Flood

Programmed on the Bomb the Bass album ''Clear''

References

Category:English hip hop musicians Category:English electronic musicians Category:Trip hop musicians Category:English record producers Category:English film score composers Category:Best Original Music Score Academy Award winners Category:1968 births Category:Living people Category:Place of birth missing (living people) Category:English expatriates in the United States

de:Atticus Ross es:Atticus Ross fr:Atticus Ross gl:Atticus Ross it:Atticus Ross ja:アッティカス・ロス no:Atticus Ross pl:Atticus Ross pt:Atticus Ross ru:Росс, Аттикус