{{Infobox ethnic group |group = Pakistanis |image = making it the world's sixth most-populous country. Pakistan is in essence a multi-ethnic and multilingual nation that is home to people of diverse regional ethnicities and nationalities, reflecting the rich and complex demographics and history of Pakistan. As a result, Pakistanis do not consider their nationality as an ethnicity but as a citizenship of a Muslim state with various ethnicities comprising the "Pakistani people".

Ethnic groups

Pakistan has one of the world's fastest growing populations. Being a land mass that is transitionally localed both in South Asian, the Greater Middle East and Central Asia, the Pakistani people are a mixture of various ethnic groups. Furthermore, various ethnic groups, invading armies and the migrations to the region by people passing through on their way to and from South Asia have left their imprint on the population.

In the west, the Pashtun people are an indigenous Eastern Iranic group who have been settled the western banks of the Indus and are believed to have originated from the Sulaiman Mountains of Pakistan. The Baloch people are a western Iranic ethnic group who inhabit the southwest of the country and are believed to be settlers from far off Aleppo (in modern day Syria) who arrived to the region and assimilated into the local peoples and gave their name to the province of Balochistan. The Punjabi people, the largest ethnic group, reside in the northeast and have been the primary inhabitants of the historical Punjab region which derives its name from the Persian ''Panj'' meaning five (5) and ''Ab'' meaning water(s); hence the land of five rivers or Panj-Ab. The Sindhi people on the other hand have been settled in the southeast of the country and gave their name to the mighty Indus/Sindhus river, while regional groups such as the Seraiki people have inhabited the regions between Punjab and Sindh. Groups in the west of the country share cultural ties with neighboring Afghanistan, Iran, and Central Asia regions. The Kashmiri people are an important ethnic group of the Kashmir region in the north. Their other important indigenous people like the Balti, Hunzakots and Gilgiti people(s) of the northern territories of Gilgit through whose territory ran the ancient Silk Route connecting Asia and Europe. The Chitrali people are another indigenous people who live high up in the mountains in the north west. Along with these main groups, there are smaller communities of Sheedi's who are descendants of African sailors and warriors who are believed to have arrived from the horn of Africa as well as Urdu-speaking Muhajir people who came as refugees from India when Pakistan attained its independence from Britain in 1947. There are countless other ethnic groups that make up part of Pakistani's mosaic such as the Burmese, Hazara, Tajik, Persian, Arabic and Hakka; the hakka are an interesting group that trace their origin to China and were banished to the Panjab region quite some time ago.

See also

Qaum

Qawm

Culture

Languages

Urdu is the national language of Pakistan although there are numerous regional and provincial languages which are spoken as first languages by the ethno-linguistic groups making up the country. English is spoken at an official level and is a legacy of the long British Raj colonial rule in the region.

Religion

National identity

According to Pakistan Studies curriculum, Muhammad bin Qasim is often referred to as the first Pakistani. Muhammad Ali Jinnah also acclaimed the Pakistan movement to have started when the first Muslim put a foot in the Gateway of Islam.

Diaspora

There are large populations of Pakistani ancestry around the world, due to emigration. The population of Pakistanis abroad is considered to exceed seven million and can be found in the Middle East, North America, Europe, Asia and Australia.

Notable people

References

hi:पाकिस्तानी simple:Pakistani

name	Farida Khanum
background	solo_singer
birth name	Farida Khanum
origin	Kolkata, India
genre	Ghazal
occupation	singer
years active	1950–present
website	}}

Farida Khanum (born 1935) is a Pakistani Ghazal singer from Punjab. ''The Times of India'' has called her "Malika-e-Ghazal" (Queen of Ghazal).

In 2005, she was awarded the ''Hilal-e-Imtiaz'', Pakistan's second highest civilian honour by President Pervez Musharraf.

Early life

Born in (1935) in Calcutta and raised in Amritsar. Her sister is Mukhtar Begum.

She started learning Khayal from her sister Mukhtar Begum at age seven and later learnt classical music from Ustad Ashiq Ali Khan. Her sister Mukhtar Begum would take her, a seven-year-old Farida, to Khan’s place for riyaaz. She migrated to Pakistan after partition of India in 1947.

Career

Farida Khanum gave her first public concert in 1950 and then joined Radio Pakistan where she courted fame and fortune. She became a star when Pakistan’s president Ayub Khan invited her to a public recital in the ’60s.

The ghazal she is most associated with is Aaj Jaane Ki Zidd Naa Karo.

Personal life

Farida Khanum lives in Lahore, Pakistan. She has 1 son and 5 daughters. She lives with her second oldest daughter, and her only son, his wife and kids. One of her daughters lives with her husband and kids in New York, One of her daughters lives in Canada. Her youngest daughter is a specialist in endocrinology currently working in Services Hospital,Lahore and lives with her husband and kids.

Discography

1978 Farida Khanum In Concert

1979 Farida Khanum In Concert Vol. 2

1985 Taghazzul Farida Khanum Vol 1

1980 Farida Khanum In Concert Vol. 3

1993 Farida Khanum: Meri Pasand Vol 2

1993 Farida Khanum: Meri Pasand Vol 1

References

External links

Farida Khannum gets Haafiz Ali Khan Award - Indian Express

Interview with Farida Khanum

Category:1935 births Category:Living people Category:Hilal-i-Imtiaz Category:Pakistani female singers Category:Pakistani ghazal singers Category:People from Amritsar Category:Punjabi people Category:Article Feedback 5

de:Farida Khanum pnb:فریدہ خانم

name	Faiz Ahmad Faizفیض احمد فیض
birth name	Faiz Ahmad Faiz
birth date	February 13, 1911
birth place	Kala Kader, Sialkot, Montgomery District, British Indian Empire
death date	November 20, 1984
death place	Lahore, Punjab Province, Pakistan
occupation	Urdu poet, journalist
language	EnglishRussianUrduArabic
nationality
ethnicity	Kashmiri
citizenship	Pakistan
education	Arabic literatureB.A. (Hons), M.A.English LiteratureMaster of Arts
alma mater	Murray College at LahoreGovernment College UniversityPunjab University
genre	''Ghazal'', ''Nazm''
movement	Progressive Writers' MovementCommunist Party of Pakistan
notableworks	''Naqsh-e-Faryadi''''Dast-e-Sabah'' ''Zindan-nama''
spouse	Alys Faiz
children	Salima (b. 1942) Moneeza (b. 1945)
influences	Allama Iqbal Karl Marx Syed Mir Hasan Yousuf Saleem Chishti
influenced	Urdu poetry, Ibn-e-Insha
awards	MBE (1946)Nigar Awards (1953Lenin Peace Prize (1963)HRC Peace PrizeNishan-e-Imtiaz (1990)Avicenna Prize (2006)
signature	FaizAhmedFaiz.jpg ‎
portaldisp	}}

Faiz Ahmad Faiz (Urdu: فیض احمد فیض; February 13, 1911 – November 20, 1984) ''MBE'', ''NI'', was an influential left-wing intellectual, revolutionary poet, and one of the most famous poets of the Urdu language from State of Pakistan. A rising figure and notable member of the Progressive Writers' Movement (PWM), Faiz was an avowed Marxist-communist, long associated member of Russian-backed Communist Party and was a recipient of Lenin Peace Prize by the Soviet Union in 1962. Despite being repeatedly accused of atheism by the political and military ''establishment'', Faiz's poetry suggested his complicated relationship with religion in general and Islam in particular. He was, nevertheless, inspired by South Asia's Sufi traditions.

Faiz was controversially named and linked by Prime minister Liaquat Ali Khan's government for hatching the conspiracy (see Rawalpindi conspiracy case) against Ali Khan's government, being Plot's central leader which was supported by left-wing military sponsor Major-General Akbar Khan. Having being arrested by Military police, Faiz among with others received a maximum sentence by JAG branch, although his sentence was commuted after the assassination Liaquat Ali Khan in 1951.

Biography

Early Life and education

Faiz Ahmad Faiz was born in a small village, Kala Kader located near by Sialkot (a city near distance from Lahore), United Punjab of British Indian Empire to the parents Sultan Mohammad Khan and mother née Sultan Fatima. Faiz hailed from an academic and well-known literary family, where a company of local poets and writers were usually be at his home which met on a annual basis to promote the literacy movement in his native province. His father was a hired barrister for the British Government, a learned man, a self-taught person, and an autodidact who wrote and published the biography of Amir Abdur Rahman, an Emir of Imperial Afghanistan. Although his family was a devoted Islam practitioner, but Faiz was brought upon to secular mode. Following the Muslim South Asian tradition, his family directed him to study Islamic studies at the local Mosque to be oriented to the basics of religious studies by Maulvi Ibrahim Mir, a tradition was that of Muslim orthodoxy where he memorized Koran and learned Arabic, Persian, Urdu language and the Quran. However, according to a book written by Sarvat Rehman, Faiz was brought up as Orthodox Muslim, saw himself as an agnostic, though a devoted member of Muslim society. Faiz was also a Pakistan nationalist, often quoting "Purify your hearts, so you can save the country...".

His father later pulled him out from Islamic school, as he wanted his son to follow the foot steps of Sir Syed Ahmad Khan, sending him to attend the Scotch Mission School managed and run by the local British family for academic education and after matriculation joined Murray College at Lahore for intermediate study and graduation. In 1926, Faiz enrolled in Department of Languages and Fine Arts of the Government College University (GCU). At there, his most influential professors were Professor Mir Hassan and Professor Shamsul Allam who taught Arabic language. Professor Hasan had also taught the renowned philosopher, poet, and politician of South Asia, Dr. Muhammad Iqbal. In 1926, Faiz attained his B.A. with Honors in Arabic language, under the supervision of Professor Mir Hassan. In 1930, Fair joined the post-graduate programme of the GCU, obtaining M.A. in English literature in 1932. The same year, Faiz passed his post-graduate exam in the 1st Division, for the master's degree from the Punjab University's Oriental College, where he obtained M.A. in Arabic language in 1932. It was during his college years, when he met with M. N. Roy and Muzaffar Ahmed who deeply influenced Faiz in Marxist ideas, becoming the member of Communist Party.

Military service

In 1935, Faiz joined the faculty of Muhammedan Anglo-Oriental College at Amritsar, serving as the lecturer in English and British literature. Later some time in 1937, Faiz moved to Lahore to reunite with his family after accepting the professorship at the Hailey College of Commerce, initially teaching introductory courses on economics and commerce. It was short live when he applied for the British Indian Army in 1942. He was given commissioned and reached the rank of Captain in British India Army. Faiz served with the unit led by Akbar Khan, a left-wing general, whom Faiz had deep connections. Although, he was kept out of the World war operations, Faiz was given a desk assignment when he joined the Inter-Services Public Relations (ISPR) in New Delhi. In 1943, Faiz was upgraded to Major rank; and a Lieutenant-Colonel in 1944. Faiz was among the very first and one of the very few commissioned officer who opted for newly established State of Pakistan, proceeded his service with the Pakistan Army and the Inter-Services Public Relations. However, after witnessing the 1947 Kashmir war with India, Faiz decided to leave the army and submitting his resignation letter to Army Board of Service in 1947.

Academia and literacy

In 1936, Faiz joined a literacy movement, Progressive Writers' Movement (PWM) and was appointed its first secretary by the fellow Marxist Sajjad Zaheer. The movement was extremely influential and devoted for human welfare cause after the partition of India. In East and West-Pakistan, the movement has gained considerable support in public sector and civil society. In 1938, he became editor-in-chief of monthly Urdu magazine "''Adab-e-Latif'' (lit. Belles Letters) until 1946. In 1941, Faiz published his first literacy book "''Naqsh-e-Faryadi''" (lit. Imprints) and joined the Pakistan Arts Council (PAC) in 1947. From 1959-62, Faiz served as the secretary of Pakistan Arts Council, and later became Rector of Abdullah Haroon College in 1964. The same year, Faiz was succeeded as vice-president of Pakistan Arts Council in 1964 which he presided the council until 1972 after picking up the government assignment.

Faiz was among a good friend of Soviet poet Yevgeny Yevtushenko who once said "In Faiz's autobiography... is his poetry, the rest is just a footnote". During his life time, Faiz published eight books and received accolades for his works. Faiz was a humanist, a lyrical poet, whose popularity reached to neighboring India and Soviet Union. Indian biographer Amaresh Datta, compared Faiz as "equal esteem in both East and West". Throughout his life, his revolutionary poetry addressed the tyranny of military dictatorships, tyranny, and oppressions, Faiz himself never compromised on his principles despite being threatened by the right-wing parties in Pakistan. Faiz's writings are comparatively new verse form in Urdu poetry based on Western models. Faiz was influenced by the works of Allama Iqbal and Mirza Ghalib, assimilating the modern Urdu with the classical. Faiz used more and more demands for the development of socialism in the country, finding socialism the only solution of country's problems. During his life, Faiz was concerned with more broader socialists ideas, using Urdu poetry for the cause and expansion of socialism in the country. The Urdu poetry and ''Ghazals'' influenced Faiz to continue his political themes as non-violent and peaceful, opposing the far left politics in Pakistan.

Internationalism and communism

Faiz believed in Internationalism and emphasized the philosophy on Global village. In 1947, he became editor of the ''Pakistan Times'' and in 1948, Faiz became vice-president of the Pakistan Trade Union Federation (PTUF). In 1950, Faiz joined the delegation of Prime minister Liaquat Ali Khan, initially leading a business delegation in the United States, attending the meeting at the International Labour Organization (ILO) at San Francisco, California. During 1948-50, Faiz led the PTUF's delegation in Geneva, and became an active member of World Peace Council (WPC).

Faiz was a well-known communist in the country and had been long associated with the Communist Party of Pakistan, which he founded in 1947 along with Marxist Sajjad Zaheer and Jalaludin Abdur Rahim. Faiz had his first exposure to socialism and communism before the independence of State of Pakistan which he thought he was consistent with his progressive thinking. Faiz had long associated ties with the Soviet Union, a friendship with atheist country that later honored him with high award. Even after his death, the Russian government honored him by calling him "our poet" to many Russians. However his popularity was waned in Bangladesh after 1971 when Dhaka did not win much support for him. Faiz and other pro-communists had no political role in the country, despite their academic brilliance.

Although Faiz was a not a hardcore or far-left communist, he spent most of the 1950s and 1960s promoting the cause of communism in Pakistan. During the time when Faiz was editor of the ''Pakistan Times'', one of the leading newspapers of the 1950s, he lent editorial support to the party. He was also involved in the circle lending support to military personnel (e.g. Major General Akbar Khan). His involvement with the party and Major General Akbar Khan's coup plan led to his imprisonment later.

Later in his life, while giving an interview with the local newspaper, Faiz was asked by the interviewer as if he was a communist, Faiz he replied in his usual nonchalant manner: "No. I am not, a communist is a person who is a card carrying member of the Communist party ever made. The party is banned in our country. So how can I be a communist?...".

Rawalpindi plot and exile

The Liaquat Ali Khan's government failure to Indian-held Kashmir had frustrated the military leaders of the Pakistan Armed Forces in 1948, including Jinnah himself serious doubt on Ali Khan's ability to ensure the integrity and sovereignty of Pakistan. After returning from the United States, Ali Khan imposed restrictions on Communist party as well as Pakistan Socialist Party. Although the East Pakistan Communist Party had ultimate success in East-Pakistan after staging the mass protest to recognized Bengali language as national heritage.

The Muslim League after Jinnah founded struggling to survive its existence in West-Pakistan. Therefore, Prime minister Liaquat Ali Khan imposed extreme restrictions and applied tremendous pressure on communist party for not being properly allowed to function openly as a political party. The conspiracy had been planned by left-wing military officer and Chief of General Staff Major-General Akbar Khan. On February 23, 1951, a secret meeting was held at General Akbar's home, attended by other communist officers and communist party members, including Marxist Sajjad Zaheer and communist Faiz. General Akbar assured Faiz and Zaheer that the communist party would be allowed to function as a legitimate political party like any other party and to take part in the elections. In a trial led by the Judge Advocate General branch's officers in a military court, Faiz was announced to spent four years in Montgomery Central Jail (MCJ), due to his influential personality, Liaquat Ali Khan's government continued locating him in Central Prison Karachi and the Central Jail Mianwali. His case later proceeded by socialist Huseyn Suhravardie as his defence counselor. Finally on April 2, 1955, Faiz's sentence was commuted by the Prime minister Huseyn Suhrawardy, and departed to London, Great Britain soon after. In 1958, Faiz again returned but was again detained by President Iskander Mirza, allegedely blamed Fiaz for publishing the pro-communist ideas and advocacy for pro-Moscow government. However, due to Zulfikar Ali Bhutto's influence on Ayub Khan, Faiz's sentence was commuted in 1960 and he was departed to Moscow, Union of Soviet Socialist Republics; he later settled in London, United Kingdom.

Return to Pakistan and Government work

In 1964, Faiz finally returned to his country and settled down in Karachi, and was appointed Principal of Abdullah Haroon College. In 1965, Faiz was first brought to government by charismatic democratic socialist Zulfikar Ali Bhutto who was tenuring as Foreign minister in the presidency of Ayub Khan. Bhutto lobbied for Faiz and giving the honorary capacity at the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (MoIB) working to rallying the people of West-Pakistan to fight against India to defend their motherland. During the 1971 ''Winter war'', Faiz rallied to mobolize the people, writing patriotic poems and songs that opposed the bloodshed during separation of Bangladesh from Pakistan.

In 1972, Prime minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto brought him back when Bhutto appointed Faiz as Culture adviser at the Ministry of Culture (MoCul) and the Ministry of Education (MoEd). Faiz continued serving in Bhutto's government until 1974 when he took retirement from the government assignments.

Faiz had strong ties with Bhutto, and had been deeply upset upon Bhutto's removal by Chief of Army Staff General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq in 1977, in a military coup codename ''Fair Play''. Again, Faiz was monitored by Military Police and his every move watched. In 1984, Faiz died in Lahore, Punjab Province, shortly after hearing a nomination of Nobel Peace Prize.

Personal life

In 1941, Faiz became affectionate to Alys Faiz, a British national and a member of Communist Party of the United Kingdom, who was a student at the Government College University where Faiz taught poetry. While Alys opted for Pakistan citizenship, she was a vital member of Communist Party of Pakistan, played a significant role in Rawalpindi Conspiracy Case when she brought together the communist mass. Together, the couple gave birth two daughter Salima and Moneeza Hashmi. Faiz rema ined extremely popular and infleuntial figure in the development of arts and drama in Pakistan's drama and theatre industry. In 1962, Faiz brought a great name for his country in the Soviet Union who had been hostile and antagonistic relations with Pakistan. The Lenin Peace Prize, a Soviet equivalent of Nobel Peace Prize, helped lift Faiz's image even higher in the international community. While commenting on his legacy, classical singer Tina Sani mesmerized Faiz's legacy as she puts it:

Major literary works

''Naqsh-e-Faryadi'' (1943)

''Dast-e-Saba'' (1952)

''Zindan-Nama'' (1956)

''Dast-e-Tah-e-Sung (1965)

''Mere Dil Mere Musafir''

''Sar-e-Wadi-e-Sina''

All these have been combined as one book ''Nuskha Haa-e-Wafa'' (Urdu: نسخہ ہاے وفا).

Accolades and international recognition

Faiz was the first Asian poet to receive the Lenin Peace Prize, awarded by the Soviet Union in 1962. In 1976 he was award the Lotus Prize for Literature. He was also nominated for the Nobel Prize shortly before his death in 1984.

At the ceremony held in grand Kremlin hall in Moscow, Faiz received the award with stage full of Russian attendees, Faiz thanked the Russian government for conferring the honor, and delivered the acceptance speech at the ceremony, which appears as a brief preface to his collection ''Dast-i-tah-i-Sang'' (Hand under the rock) is a great piece of humanist literature, as he delivered:

In 1990, his services were belatedly honored by the Pakistan Government when ruling Pakistan Peoples Party led by Prime minister Benazir Bhutto, accepting the recommendation, and posthumously awarded Faiz, the highest civilian award, ''Nishan-e-Imtiaz'' in 1990. In 2011, the Pakistan Peoples Party's government declared the year of 2011 "as the year of Faiz Ahmed Faiz". followed by the Government College University of Lahore established the Patras, Faiz Chair at the Department of Urdu of the university, also in 2011. The same year, the Government College University (GCU) presented the golden presented shields to the University's Urdu department, which was issued and presented by the GCU vice-chancellor Professor Dr. Khaleequr Rehman, who noted and futher wrote: "Fiaz was poet of humanity, love and resistance against oppression".

Translations

Faiz Ahmad Faiz's poetry has been translated into many languages, including English and Russian. A Balochi poet, Mir Gul Khan Nasir, who was also a friend of Faiz Ahmad Faiz, translated his book ''Sar-e-Wadi-e-Seena'' into Balochi with the title ''Seenai Keechag aa''. This work by Faiz was translated by Gul Khan while he (Gul Khan) was in jail during Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto's regime for opposing the government's policies. It was published in 1980, after Zia-ul-Haq toppled Bhutto's government and freed all the political prisoners of his (Bhutto's) regime. Victor Kiernan, British Marxist historian translated Faiz Ahmed Faiz's works into English,and transliteration in Punjabi by Mohinder Singh.

Faiz Ahmad Faiz, himself, has also translated works of notable poets from other languages into Urdu. In his book "Sar-i Waadi-i Seena" there are some translations of the famous poet of Dagestan, Rasul Gamzatov. "Deewa", a Balochi poem by Mir Gul Khan Nasir, was also translated into Urdu by Faiz.

Plays and dramatic productions on Faiz

''Sheeshon ka Maseeha'' by Omer Khawaja and Shabana Azmi.

''Dard Aayega Dabe Paon'' by Sheela Bhatiya.

''Kuchh Ishq kiya Kuchh Kaam'' written by Danish Iqbal and staged by Impresario Asia. This multi-media Stage Production is being premiered at Sri Ram centre, New Delhi on 11 November 2011. This Play is basically a Celebration of the Faiz's Poetry and featuring events from the early part of his life, particularly the events and incidents of pre-partition days which shaped his life and ideals. Directed by K K Kohli this musical Production featured Artists like Shamir Abadan, Jaishri Sethi, Dr Naseem, Izhar, Minhaj, Prateek Kapoor, Twinkle Khanna and Amit Bajaj in lead roles. This script is the first part of Faiz trilogy written by Danish Iqbal at the occasion of Faiz Centenary Celebrations.

''Chand Roz Aur Meri Jaan'' - A dramatized reading of Faiz's letter and letters written by his wife Alys Faiz. This Production was initially done at the start of his birth centenary celebrations at India Habitat Center, New Delhi by Danish Iqbal and Salima Raza. Later the same Production, again by Danish Iqbal and Salima Raza, was the concluding item at the JNU Urdu Festival, under the aegis of Wings Cultural Society. 'Chand Roz Aur Meri Jaan' was also done at Amritsar Faiz Festival organized by Preet Ladi, at Punjab Natshala, Amritsar, on 6 October 2011. This time it was done by Suchitra Gupta and Danish Iqbal.

''2011 Drama Festival of Delhi Urdu Academy is basically devoted to Productions about Faiz. Apart from 'Kuchh Ishq kiya Kuchh Kaam' by IPTA, Delhi and 'Chand Roz Aur Meri Jaan' by Wings Cultural Society, this Festival will also feature Plays by Peirreot's Troupe on Faiz, namely 'Jo Dil Pe Guzarti Hai'.'''

References

External links

In-depth special for Faiz Sahab at ''Dawn''

;Profiles and tributes

Faiz Ahmed Faiz - Tum Yeh Kehtay Ho Ab Koee (short film: Ali Kapadia)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HK5ceY1NKPM&feature;=player_profilepage (Faiz Mela London)

A tribute to Alys Faiz

Mushaira.org entry on Faiz Ahmed Faiz

Birth place of Faiz Ahmed Faiz on Google Maps

;Works

Faiz Ahmad Faiz at Kavita Kosh (Hindi)

Faiz Ahmed Faiz's Urdu translation of Gul Khan Nasir's "Deewa"

Gul Khan reading his Balochi poem while Ata Shaad reads Faiz Ahmed Faiz's Urdu translation of it

Faiz Ahmed Faiz's Urdu Poem "Dua" With Balochi translation by the Baloch poet Gul Khan Nasir

Selected poetry of Faiz

Kuch Ishq Kya Kuch Kam Kya' English translation by Qazi Muhammad Ahkam

Audio recitation and ghazals, nazms, qitaat of Faiz in Roman transliteration

Bol Ke Lab Aazad, Singer: Tina Sani

Selected couplets of Faiz Ahmed Faiz

Category:1911 births Category:1984 deaths Category:Pakistani people Category:Punjabi people Category:People from Sialkot Category:People from Lahore Category:Pakistani poets Category:Pakistani Muslims Category:Pakistani Sunni Muslims Category:Pakistani Marxists Category:Lenin Peace Prize recipients Category:Urdu poets Category:Pakistani scholars Category:Government College University, Lahore alumni Category:Nigar Award winners Category:Punjabi poets Category:Pakistani agnostics Category:Pakistan Movement activists Category:Marxist writers Category:Marxist poets Category:Communist writers Category:Communist poets Category:Pakistani revolutionaries

de:Faiz Ahmed Faiz eo:Faiz Ahmed Faiz fr:Faiz Ahmed Faiz hi:फ़ैज़ अहमद फ़ैज़ ml:ഫൈസ് അഹമ്മദ് ഫൈസ് mr:फैझ अहमद फैझ ja:ファイズ・アハマド・ファイズ no:Faiz Ahmed Faiz pnb:فیض احمد فیض pl:Faiz Ahmad Faiz ru:Фаиз Ахмад Фаиз ur:فیض احمد فیض

Dr. Faiz Ahmad (1946 – November 12, 1986) () was the founding leader of the Afghanistan Liberation Organization (ALO), a Marxist-Leninist organization established in Kabul.

Ahmad was born in Kandahar, Afghanistan. He attended primary and secondary schools in Kandahar before coming to Kabul to enter Naderia High School where he became involved in the far-left movement after reading some works of Marx and Lenin.

Akram Yari, a leader of the Maoist movement in Afghanistan, was Ahmad's teacher in Naderia High School; he deeply influenced Ahmad. Yari was leader of Progressive Youth Organization (PYO), a Maoist organization which was formed on October 6, 1965. Later, Ahmad broke with PYO and formed the Revolutionary Group of People of Afghanistan.

After graduating from high school, Ahmad entered the Medical Faculty of Kabul University. It was in those years that he established the Revolutionary Group of People of Afghanistan which was later named Afghanistan Liberation Organization (ALO).

In 1976 Ahmad got married to Meena Keshwar Kamal.

During the onset of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, Faiz Ahmad, instrumental to the reorganization of the Afghanistan Liberation Organization, set the slogan "All resources at the service of liberation fronts!" as the interim objective of all "revolutionary struggle". During this time and under Faiz's leadership, the ALO decided to join the Islamist political forces in forming united fronts against the Soviet Union and the PDPA government.

He wrote ''Mash'al-i Rehayi'' (The Beacon of Emancipation, an ALO political-theoretical publication) where he analyzed the situation and established political and strategic lines for ALO activities.

Ahmad was assassinated along with 6 other ALO members by Gulbuddin Hekmatyar's Hezb-i-Islami on November 12, 1986 in Peshawar, Pakistan. ALO members have accused the Pakistan Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) of complicity in the killings.

References

External links

Web site of Afghanistan Liberation Organization

Website of Biography (Author:Ferdous)

Category:1946 births Category:1986 deaths Category:People from Kandahar Category:Afghan communists Category:Anti-Revisionists

fa:فیض احمد

name	Robin Ghosh
background	non_performing_personnel
born	1939
origin	Baghdad, Iraq
spouse	Shabnam
genre	Film music
occupation	Music director
years active	1961–1986
notable instruments	}}

Robin Ghosh (born 1939 in Baghdad, Iraq) is a musician and music composer. Famous playback singer Ahmed Rushdi has a notable contribution to Ghosh's success. Ghosh gained fame in the mid 1960s when Rushdi sang his compositions in films like ''Chakori,'' ''Jahan tum wahan hum,'' ''Paisa,'' etc.

Early life

Ghosh's father worked for the International Red Cross and was posted to Baghdad, Iraq during the Second World War, where Ghosh was educated in a convent school. His religion is Hinduism. His brother, Ashok Ghosh, was a famous film director in the film industry of Bangladesh.

When the Second World War ended in 1945, the six-year-old Ghosh along with his family moved to Dhaka, in Bengal (in pre-partitioned India). He showed great interest in music, collecting gramophone records and playing the harmonium, and finally graduated with music major in Dhaka.

Family life

In the late 1950s, Ghosh was offered a job at the Dhaka Radio Station by a friend. This friend's sister, Jharna Basak (now better known as the film actress Shabnam) who occasionally played minor roles in various Bengali films became friends with him. The two finally got married. They have a son, Ronnie, who was born in 1966. Robin Gosh now lives with his wife Jharna (Shabnam)in Bangladesh.

Film career

In the early 1960s, film director Ehtesham visited the radio station, and offered Ghosh a contract as composer for his films. His debut was for the Bengali film ''Raj Dhanir Bookay'' in 1961, and followed by numerous other Bengali and Urdu films, including ''Talaash,'' ''Paisa,'' ''Chakori'' and ''Bhaiya.'' After the release of ''Tum Meray Ho,'' Ghosh moved to Karachi, continuing to compose film music into the 1980s. He composed songs for the film ''Aaina,'' one of the greatest films ever made in the Pakistan film Industry.

Nigar Awards

Ghosh earned the Nigar Award for best composer in the films ''Talaash'' (1963), ''Chakori'' (1967), ''Chahat'' (1974), ''Aaena'' (1977), ''Amber'' (1978) and ''Dooriyan'' (1984).

References

External links

bn:রবিন ঘোষ

Category:1939 births Category:Living people Category:People from Baghdad Category:Film score composers Category:Bangladeshi composers Category:Nigar Award winners Category:Bangladeshi Hindus Category:Bangladeshi expatriates in Iraq Category:Bangladeshi expatriates in Pakistan